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Yu X, Ji Y, Shen X, Le X. Progress in Advanced Infrared Optoelectronic Sensors. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:845. [PMID: 38786801 PMCID: PMC11123936 DOI: 10.3390/nano14100845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Infrared optoelectronic sensors have attracted considerable research interest over the past few decades due to their wide-ranging applications in military, healthcare, environmental monitoring, industrial inspection, and human-computer interaction systems. A comprehensive understanding of infrared optoelectronic sensors is of great importance for achieving their future optimization. This paper comprehensively reviews the recent advancements in infrared optoelectronic sensors. Firstly, their working mechanisms are elucidated. Then, the key metrics for evaluating an infrared optoelectronic sensor are introduced. Subsequently, an overview of promising materials and nanostructures for high-performance infrared optoelectronic sensors, along with the performances of state-of-the-art devices, is presented. Finally, the challenges facing infrared optoelectronic sensors are posed, and some perspectives for the optimization of infrared optoelectronic sensors are discussed, thereby paving the way for the development of future infrared optoelectronic sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Yu
- School of Physics, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, School of Medicine and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Nuclear Energy Materials and Physics, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yun Ji
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Xinyi Shen
- School of Physics, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, School of Medicine and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Nuclear Energy Materials and Physics, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiaoyun Le
- School of Physics, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, School of Medicine and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Nuclear Energy Materials and Physics, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
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2
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Zhang S, Huang X, Chen Y, Yin R, Wang H, Xu T, Guo J, Wang X, Lin T, Shen H, Ge J, Meng X, Hu W, Dai N, Wang X, Chu J, Wang J. Black Arsenic Phosphorus Mid-Wave Infrared Barrier Detector with High Detectivity at Room Temperature. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2313134. [PMID: 38331419 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202313134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
The barrier structure is designed to enhance the operating temperature of the infrared detector, thereby improving the efficiency of collecting photogenerated carriers and reducing dark current generation, without suppressing the photocurrent. However, the development of barrier detectors using conventional materials is limited due to the strict requirements for lattice and band matching. In this study, a high-performance unipolar barrier detector is designed utilizing a black arsenic phosphorus/molybdenum disulfide/black phosphorus van der Waals heterojunction. The device exhibits a broad response bandwidth ranging from visible light to mid-wave infrared (520 nm to 4.6 µm), with a blackbody detectivity of 2.7 × 1010 cmHz-1/2 W-1 in the mid-wave infrared range at room temperature. Moreover, the optical absorption anisotropy of black arsenic phosphorus enables polarization resolution detection, achieving a polarization extinction ratio of 35.5 at 4.6 µm. Mid-wave infrared imaging of the device is successfully demonstrated at room temperature, highlighting the significant potential of barrier devices based on van der Waals heterojunctions in mid-wave infrared detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shukui Zhang
- Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310024, China
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 500 Yu Tian Road, Shanghai, 200083, China
| | - Xinning Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 500 Yu Tian Road, Shanghai, 200083, China
| | - Yan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 500 Yu Tian Road, Shanghai, 200083, China
- Frontier Institute of Chip and System, Institute of Optoelectronics, Shanghai Frontier Base of Intelligent Optoelectronics and Perception, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Ruotong Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 500 Yu Tian Road, Shanghai, 200083, China
| | - Hailu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 500 Yu Tian Road, Shanghai, 200083, China
| | - Tengfei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 500 Yu Tian Road, Shanghai, 200083, China
| | - Jiaoyang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 500 Yu Tian Road, Shanghai, 200083, China
| | - Xingjun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 500 Yu Tian Road, Shanghai, 200083, China
| | - Tie Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 500 Yu Tian Road, Shanghai, 200083, China
| | - Hong Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 500 Yu Tian Road, Shanghai, 200083, China
| | - Jun Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 500 Yu Tian Road, Shanghai, 200083, China
| | - Xiangjian Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 500 Yu Tian Road, Shanghai, 200083, China
| | - Weida Hu
- Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310024, China
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 500 Yu Tian Road, Shanghai, 200083, China
| | - Ning Dai
- Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310024, China
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 500 Yu Tian Road, Shanghai, 200083, China
| | - Xudong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 500 Yu Tian Road, Shanghai, 200083, China
| | - Junhao Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 500 Yu Tian Road, Shanghai, 200083, China
- Frontier Institute of Chip and System, Institute of Optoelectronics, Shanghai Frontier Base of Intelligent Optoelectronics and Perception, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jianlu Wang
- Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310024, China
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 500 Yu Tian Road, Shanghai, 200083, China
- Frontier Institute of Chip and System, Institute of Optoelectronics, Shanghai Frontier Base of Intelligent Optoelectronics and Perception, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
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3
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Song S, Rahaman M, Jariwala D. Can 2D Semiconductors Be Game-Changers for Nanoelectronics and Photonics? ACS NANO 2024; 18:10955-10978. [PMID: 38625032 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c12938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
2D semiconductors have interesting physical and chemical attributes that have led them to become one of the most intensely investigated semiconductor families in recent history. They may play a crucial role in the next technological revolution in electronics as well as optoelectronics or photonics. In this Perspective, we explore the fundamental principles and significant advancements in electronic and photonic devices comprising 2D semiconductors. We focus on strategies aimed at enhancing the performance of conventional devices and exploiting important properties of 2D semiconductors that allow fundamentally interesting device functionalities for future applications. Approaches for the realization of emerging logic transistors and memory devices as well as photovoltaics, photodetectors, electro-optical modulators, and nonlinear optics based on 2D semiconductors are discussed. We also provide a forward-looking perspective on critical remaining challenges and opportunities for basic science and technology level applications of 2D semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seunguk Song
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Mahfujur Rahaman
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Deep Jariwala
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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4
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Wang P, Li Z, Xia X, Zhang J, Lan Y, Zhu L, Ke Q, Mu H, Lin S. Anisotropic Te/PdSe 2 Van Der Waals Heterojunction for Self-Powered Broadband and Polarization-Sensitive Photodetection. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2401216. [PMID: 38593322 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202401216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Polarization-sensitive broadband optoelectronic detection is crucial for future sensing, imaging, and communication technologies. Narrow bandgap 2D materials, such as Te and PdSe2, show promise for these applications, yet their polarization performance is limited by inherent structural anisotropies. In this work, a self-powered, broadband photodetector utilizing a Te/PdSe2 van der Waals (vdWs) heterojunction, with orientations meticulously tailored is introduced through polarized Raman optical spectra and tensor calculations to enhance linear polarization sensitivity. The device exhibits anisotropy ratios of 1.48 at 405 nm, 3.56 at 1550 nm, and 1.62 at 4 µm, surpassing previously-reported photodetectors based on pristine Te and PdSe2. Additionally, it exhibits high responsivity (617 mA W-1 at 1550 nm), specific detectivity (5.27 × 1010 Jones), fast response (≈4.5 µs), and an extended spectral range beyond 4 µm. The findings highlight the significance of orientation-engineered heterostructures in enhancing polarization-sensitive photodetectors and advancing optoelectronic technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information Processing Chips and Systems, School of Microelectronics Science and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519082, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Zhao Li
- Key Laboratory of Material Simulation Methods and Software of Ministry of Education, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Xue Xia
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Jingni Zhang
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, 523808, China
- School of Automation and Information Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, 710048, P. R. China
| | - Yingying Lan
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Lu Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information Processing Chips and Systems, School of Microelectronics Science and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519082, China
| | - Qingqing Ke
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information Processing Chips and Systems, School of Microelectronics Science and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519082, China
| | - Haoran Mu
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Shenghuang Lin
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, 523808, China
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5
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Wang H, Song Y, Huang G, Ding F, Ma L, Tian N, Qiu L, Li X, Zhu R, Huang S, Yan H, Chen XH, Ding L, Zheng C, Ruan W, Zhang Y. Seeded growth of single-crystal black phosphorus nanoribbons. NATURE MATERIALS 2024; 23:470-478. [PMID: 38418924 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-024-01830-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Two-dimensional materials have emerged as an important research frontier for overcoming the challenges in nanoelectronics and for exploring new physics. Among them, black phosphorus, with a combination of a tunable bandgap and high mobility, is one of the most promising systems. In particular, black phosphorus nanoribbons show excellent electrostatic gate control, which can mitigate short-channel effects in nanoscale transistors. Controlled synthesis of black phosphorus nanoribbons, however, has remained an outstanding problem. Here we report large-area growth of black phosphorus nanoribbons directly on insulating substrates. We seed the chemical vapour transport growth with black phosphorus nanoparticles and obtain uniform, single-crystal nanoribbons oriented exclusively along the [100] crystal direction. With comprehensive structural calculations, we discover that self-passivation at the zigzag edges holds the key to the preferential one-dimensional growth. Field-effect transistors based on individual nanoribbons exhibit on/off ratios up to ~104, confirming the good semiconducting behaviour of the nanoribbons. These results demonstrate the potential of black phosphorus nanoribbons for nanoelectronic devices and also provide a platform for investigating the exotic physics in black phosphorus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongya Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Qi Zhi Institute, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Institute for Nanoelectronic Devices and Quantum Computing, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yichen Song
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Qi Zhi Institute, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai, China.
- Institute for Nanoelectronic Devices and Quantum Computing, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Guangyi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Ding
- Institute of Technology for Carbon Neutrality, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liyang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Qi Zhi Institute, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Institute for Nanoelectronic Devices and Quantum Computing, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Qiu
- Graduate School of Carbon Neutrality, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Xian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruimin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Qi Zhi Institute, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Institute for Nanoelectronic Devices and Quantum Computing, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shenyang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hugen Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xian Hui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Strongly Coupled Quantum Matter Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
| | - Liping Ding
- Institute of Technology for Carbon Neutrality, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.
- School of Electronic Information and Artificial Intelligence, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, China.
| | - Changlin Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Wei Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanbo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Qi Zhi Institute, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai, China.
- Institute for Nanoelectronic Devices and Quantum Computing, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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6
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Wang F, Zhu S, Chen W, Han J, Duan R, Wang C, Dai M, Sun F, Jin Y, Wang QJ. Multidimensional detection enabled by twisted black arsenic-phosphorus homojunctions. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 19:455-462. [PMID: 38225358 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-023-01593-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
A light field carrying multidimensional optical information, including but not limited to polarization, intensity and wavelength, is essential for numerous applications such as environmental monitoring, thermal imaging, medical diagnosis and free-space communications. Simultaneous acquisition of this multidimensional information could provide comprehensive insights for understanding complex environments but remains a challenge. Here we demonstrate a multidimensional optical information detection device based on zero-bias double twisted black arsenic-phosphorus homojunctions, where the photoresponse is dominated by the photothermoelectric effect. By using a bipolar and phase-offset polarization photoresponse, the device operated in the mid-infrared range can simultaneously detect both the polarization angle and incident intensity information through direct measurement of the photocurrents in the double twisted black arsenic-phosphorus homojunctions. The device's responsivity makes it possible to retrieve wavelength information, typically perceived as difficult to obtain. Moreover, the device exhibits an electrically tunable polarization photoresponse, enabling precise distinction of polarization angles under low-intensity light exposure. These demonstrations offer a promising approach for simultaneous detection of multidimensional optical information, indicating potential for diverse photonic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fakun Wang
- School of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Song Zhu
- School of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wenduo Chen
- School of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jiayue Han
- School of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ruihuan Duan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chongwu Wang
- School of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mingjin Dai
- School of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Fangyuan Sun
- School of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yuhao Jin
- School of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Qi Jie Wang
- School of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
- Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
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Li S, Chen Y, Zhang J, Zhou J, Yang S, Liu Y, Xiong J, Liu X, Li J, Huo N. Highly Sensitive Broadband Polarized Photodetector Based on the As 0.6P 0.4/WSe 2 Heterostructure toward Imaging and Optical Communication Application. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 38422468 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c19422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Polarization-sensitive photodetectors based on two-dimensional anisotropic materials still encounter the issues of narrow spectral coverage and low polarization sensitivity. To address these obstacles, anisotropic As0.6P0.4 with a narrow band gap has been integrated with WSe2 to construct a type-II heterostructure, realizing a high-performance polarization-sensitive photodetector with broad spectral range from 405 to 2200 nm. By operating in photovoltaic mode at zero bias, the device shows a very low dark current of ∼0.02 picoampere, high responsivity of 492 m A/W, and high photoswitching ratio of 6 × 104, yielding a high specific detectivity of 1.4 × 1012 Jones. The strong in-plane anisotropy of As0.6P0.4 endows the device with a capability of polarization-sensitive detection with a high polarization ratio of 6.85 under a bias voltage. As an image sensor and signal receiver, the device shows great potential in imaging and optical communication applications. This work develops an anisotropic vdW heterojunction to realize polarization-sensitive photodetectors with wide spectral coverage, fast response, and high sensitivity, providing a new candidate for potential applications of polarization-resolved electronics and photonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Li
- School of Semiconductor Science and Technology, South China Normal University, Foshan 528000, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chip and Integration Technology, Guangzhou 510631, P. R. China
| | - Yang Chen
- School of Semiconductor Science and Technology, South China Normal University, Foshan 528000, P. R. China
| | - Jielian Zhang
- School of Semiconductor Science and Technology, South China Normal University, Foshan 528000, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chip and Integration Technology, Guangzhou 510631, P. R. China
| | - Junjie Zhou
- School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Sixian Yang
- School of Semiconductor Science and Technology, South China Normal University, Foshan 528000, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chip and Integration Technology, Guangzhou 510631, P. R. China
| | - Yue Liu
- School of Semiconductor Science and Technology, South China Normal University, Foshan 528000, P. R. China
| | - Jingxian Xiong
- Frontier Interdisciplinary College, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410000, P. R. China
| | - Xinke Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518000, P. R. China
| | - Jingbo Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chip and Integration Technology, Guangzhou 510631, P. R. China
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, P. R. China
| | - Nengjie Huo
- School of Semiconductor Science and Technology, South China Normal University, Foshan 528000, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chip and Integration Technology, Guangzhou 510631, P. R. China
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8
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Wang S, Higashitarumizu N, Sari B, Scott MC, Javey A. Quantitative Mid-infrared Photoluminescence Characterization of Black Phosphorus-Arsenic Alloys. ACS NANO 2024. [PMID: 38335117 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c12927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Black phosphorus (bP) is a promising material for mid-infrared (mid-IR) optoelectronic applications, exhibiting high performance light emission and detection. Alloying bP with arsenic extends its operation toward longer wavelengths from 3.7 μm (bP) to 5 μm (bP3As7), which is of great practical interest. Quantitative optical characterizations are performed to establish black phosphorus-arsenic (bPAs) alloys optoelectronic quality. Anisotropic optical constants (refractive index, extinction coefficient, and absorption coefficient) of bPAs alloys from near-infrared to mid-IR (0.2-0.9 eV) are extracted with reflection measurements, which helps optical device design. Quantitative photoluminescence (PL) of bPAs alloys with different As concentrations are measured from room temperature to 77 K. PL quantum yield measurements reveal a 2 orders of magnitude decrease in radiative efficiency with increasing As concentration. An optical cavity is designed for bP3As7, which allows for up to an order of magnitude enhancement in the quantum yield due to the Purcell effect. Our comprehensive optical characterization provides the foundation for high performance mid-IR optical device design using bPAs alloys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Berkeley Sensor & Actuator Center, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Naoki Higashitarumizu
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Berkeley Sensor & Actuator Center, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Bengisu Sari
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- The National Center for Electron Microscopy, Molecular Foundry, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Mary C Scott
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- The National Center for Electron Microscopy, Molecular Foundry, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Ali Javey
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Berkeley Sensor & Actuator Center, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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9
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Li J, Li Q, Mi J, Xu Z, Xie Y, Tang W, Zhu H, Li L, Tong L. Ultrabroadband High Photoresponsivity at Room Temperature Based on Quasi-1D Pseudogap System (TaSe 4 ) 2 I. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2302886. [PMID: 38064179 PMCID: PMC10870056 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202302886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Narrow bandgap materials have garnered significant attention within the field of broadband photodetection. However, the performance is impeded by diminished absorption near the bandgap, resulting in a rapid decline in photoresponsivity within the mid-wave infrared (MWIR) and long-wave infrared (LWIR) regions. Furthermore, they mostly worked in cryogenic temperature. Here, without the assistance of any complex structure and special environment, it is realized high responsivity covering ultra-broadband wavelength range (Ultraviolet (UV) to LWIR) in a single quasi-1D pseudogap (PG) system (TaSe4 )2 I nanoribbon, especially high responsivity (From 23.9 to 8.31 A W-1 ) within MWIR and LWIR region at room temperature (RT). Through direct probing the carrier relaxation process with broadband time-resolved transient absorption spectrum measurement, the underlying mechanism of majorly photoconductive effect is revealed, which causes an increased spectral weight extended to PG region. This work paves the way for realizing high-performance uncooled MWIR and LWIR detection by using quasi-1D PG materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical InstrumentationCollege of Optical Science and EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China
- Hangzhou Institute for Advanced StudyUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesHangzhou310024China
| | - Qing Li
- Hangzhou Institute for Advanced StudyUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesHangzhou310024China
| | - Junjian Mi
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and DeviceDepartment of PhysicsZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China
| | - Zhuan Xu
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and DeviceDepartment of PhysicsZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China
| | - Yu Xie
- Research Center for Humanoid SensingZhejiang LabHangzhou311100China
| | - Wei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical InstrumentationCollege of Optical Science and EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China
| | - Huanfeng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical InstrumentationCollege of Optical Science and EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China
- Intelligent Optics and Photonics Research CenterJiaxing Research Institute Zhejiang UniversityJiaxing314000China
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory of Photonic Sensing and Intelligent ImagingJiaxing Institute Zhejiang UniversityJiaxing314000China
| | - Linjun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical InstrumentationCollege of Optical Science and EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China
- Intelligent Optics and Photonics Research CenterJiaxing Research Institute Zhejiang UniversityJiaxing314000China
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory of Photonic Sensing and Intelligent ImagingJiaxing Institute Zhejiang UniversityJiaxing314000China
| | - Limin Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical InstrumentationCollege of Optical Science and EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China
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10
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Wang F, Zhang T, Xie R, Liu A, Dai F, Chen Y, Xu T, Wang H, Wang Z, Liao L, Wang J, Zhou P, Hu W. Next-Generation Photodetectors beyond Van Der Waals Junctions. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2301197. [PMID: 36960667 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202301197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
With the continuous advancement of nanofabrication techniques, development of novel materials, and discovery of useful manipulation mechanisms in high-performance applications, especially photodetectors, the morphology of junction devices and the way junction devices are used are fundamentally revolutionized. Simultaneously, new types of photodetectors that do not rely on any junction, providing a high signal-to-noise ratio and multidimensional modulation, have also emerged. This review outlines a unique category of material systems supporting novel junction devices for high-performance detection, namely, the van der Waals materials, and systematically discusses new trends in the development of various types of devices beyond junctions. This field is far from mature and there are numerous methods to measure and evaluate photodetectors. Therefore, it is also aimed to provide a solution from the perspective of applications in this review. Finally, based on the insight into the unique properties of the material systems and the underlying microscopic mechanisms, emerging trends in junction devices are discussed, a new morphology of photodetectors is proposed, and some potential innovative directions in the subject area are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200083, China
- School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200083, China
- School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Runzhang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200083, China
| | - Anna Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200083, China
- School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Fuxing Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200083, China
- School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yue Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200083, China
- School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Tengfei Xu
- School of Microelectronics, Frontier Institute of Chip and System, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Hailu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200083, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200083, China
| | - Lei Liao
- College of Semiconductors (College of Integrated Circuits), Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Jianlu Wang
- School of Microelectronics, Frontier Institute of Chip and System, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Peng Zhou
- School of Microelectronics, Frontier Institute of Chip and System, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Weida Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200083, China
- School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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11
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Wu J, Li S, Wang X, Huang Y, Huang Y, Chen H, Chen J, She J, Deng S. Plasma Treatment for Achieving Oxygen Substitution in Layered MoS 2 and the Room-Temperature Mid-Infrared (10 μm) Photoresponse. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:58556-58565. [PMID: 38054246 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c11962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Highly sensitive photodetectors in the mid-infrared (MIR, 3-15 μm) are highly desired in a growing number of applications. However, only a handful of narrow-band-gap semiconductors are suitable for this purpose, most of which require cryogenic cooling to increase the signal-to-noise ratio. The realization of high-performance MIR photodetectors operating at room temperature remains a challenge. Herein, we report on plasma-treated few-layer MoS2 for room-temperature MIR (10 μm) photodetection. Oxygen plasma treatment, which is a mature microfabrication process, is employed. The ion kinetic energy of oxygen plasma is adjusted to 70-130 eV. A photoresponsivity of 0.042 mA/W and a detectivity of 1.57 × 107 Jones are obtained under MIR light (10 μm) illumination with an average power density of 114.6 mW/cm2. The photoresponse is attributed to the introduction of electronic states in the band gap of MoS2 through oxygen substitution. A graphene/plasma-treated MoS2/graphene device is further demonstrated to shorten the active channel while maintaining the illumination area. The photoresponsivity and detectivity are largely boosted to 1.8 A/W and 2.64 × 109 Jones, respectively. The excellent detective performance of the graphene/plasma-treated MoS2/graphene device is further demonstrated in single-detector MIR (10 μm) scanning imaging. This work offers a facile approach to constructing integrated MoS2-based MIR photodetectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Shasha Li
- School of Integrated Circuits, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518107, People's Republic of China
| | - Ximiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Huang
- School of Microelectronics Science and Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai 519082, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifeng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Huanjun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Juncong She
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaozhi Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
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12
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Chen W, Chen A, Zhang R, Zeng J, Zhang L, Gu M, Wang C, Huang M, Guo Y, Duan H, Hu C, Shen W, Niu B, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Zhang J, Li J, Cai X, Liu G. Strong In-Plane Optoelectronic Anisotropy and Polarization Sensitivity in Low-Symmetry 2D Violet Phosphorus. NANO LETTERS 2023. [PMID: 38050812 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c02951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Anisotropic optoelectronics based on low-symmetry two-dimensional (2D) materials hold immense potential for enabling multidimensional visual perception with improved miniaturization and integration capabilities, which has attracted extensive interest in optical communication, high-gain photoswitching circuits, and polarization imaging fields. However, the reported in-plane anisotropic photocurrent and polarized dichroic ratios are limited, hindering the achievement of high-performance anisotropic optoelectronics. In this study, we introduce novel low-symmetry violet phosphorus (VP) with a unique tubular cross-linked structure into this realm, and the corresponding anisotropic optical and optoelectronic properties are investigated both experimentally and theoretically for the first time. Remarkably, our prepared VP-based van der Waals phototransistor exhibits significant optoelectronic anisotropies with a giant in-plane anisotropic photocurrent ratio exceeding 10 and a comparable polarized dichroic ratio of 2.16, which is superior to those of most reported 2D counterparts. Our findings establish VP as an exceptional candidate for anisotropic optoelectronics, paving the way for future multifunctional applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weilin Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro and Nano Manufacture Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
- Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - An Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro and Nano Manufacture Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
- Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruan Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro and Nano Manufacture Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
- Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianmin Zeng
- Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Lihui Zhang
- Xi'an Thermal Power Research Institute Co., Ltd., Xi'an 710054, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengyue Gu
- School of Electrical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaofan Wang
- Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingyuan Huang
- Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanbo Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro and Nano Manufacture Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
- Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongxiao Duan
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro and Nano Manufacture Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
- Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunguang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanfu Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Baoxin Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Jinying Zhang
- School of Electrical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinjin Li
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro and Nano Manufacture Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinghan Cai
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro and Nano Manufacture Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro and Nano Manufacture Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
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13
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Liu C, Vella J, Eedugurala N, Mahalingavelar P, Bills T, Salcido‐Santacruz B, Sfeir MY, Azoulay JD. Ultrasensitive Room Temperature Infrared Photodetection Using a Narrow Bandgap Conjugated Polymer. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2304077. [PMID: 37888896 PMCID: PMC10754133 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202304077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Photodetectors operating across the short-, mid-, and long-wave infrared (SWIR-LWIR, λ = 1-14 µm) underpin modern science, technology, and society in profound ways. Narrow bandgap semiconductors that form the basis for these devices require complex manufacturing, high costs, cooling, and lack compatibility with silicon electronics, attributes that remain prohibitive for their widespread usage and the development of emerging technologies. Here, a photoconductive detector, fabricated using a solution-processed narrow bandgap conjugated polymer is demonstrated that enables charge carrier generation in the infrared and ultrasensitive SWIR-LWIR photodetection at room temperature. Devices demonstrate an ultralow electronic noise that enables outstanding performance from a simple, monolithic device enabling a high detectivity (D*, the figure of merit for detector sensitivity) >2.44 × 109 Jones (cm Hz1/2 W-1 ) using the ultralow flux of a blackbody that mirrors the background emission of objects. These attributes, ease of fabrication, low dark current characteristics, and highly sensitive operation overcome major limitations inherent within modern narrow-bandgap semiconductors, demonstrate practical utility, and suggest that uncooled detectivities superior to many inorganic devices can be achieved at high operating temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih‐Ting Liu
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and School of Materials Science and EngineeringGeorgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA30332USA
| | - Jarrett Vella
- Sensor DirectorateAir Force Research LaboratoryWright‐Patterson Air Force BaseDaytonOH45433USA
| | - Naresh Eedugurala
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and School of Materials Science and EngineeringGeorgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA30332USA
| | - Paramasivam Mahalingavelar
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and School of Materials Science and EngineeringGeorgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA30332USA
| | - Tyler Bills
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and School of Materials Science and EngineeringGeorgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA30332USA
| | - Bernardo Salcido‐Santacruz
- Photonics InitiativeAdvanced Science Research CenterCity University of New YorkNew YorkNY10031USA
- Department of ChemistryThe Graduate CenterCity University of New YorkNew YorkNY10016USA
| | - Matthew Y. Sfeir
- Photonics InitiativeAdvanced Science Research CenterCity University of New YorkNew YorkNY10031USA
- Department of ChemistryThe Graduate CenterCity University of New YorkNew YorkNY10016USA
- Department of PhysicsThe Graduate CenterCity University of New YorkNew YorkNY10016USA
| | - Jason D. Azoulay
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and School of Materials Science and EngineeringGeorgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA30332USA
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14
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Lien MR, Wang N, Guadagnini S, Wu J, Soibel A, Gunapala SD, Wang H, Povinelli ML. Black Phosphorus Molybdenum Disulfide Midwave Infrared Photodiodes with Broadband Absorption-Increasing Metasurfaces. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:9980-9987. [PMID: 37883580 PMCID: PMC10636840 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c03076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Black phosphorus (BP) has been established as a promising material for room temperature midwave infrared (MWIR) photodetectors. However, many of its attractive optoelectronic properties are often observable only at smaller film thicknesses, which inhibits photodetector absorption and performance. In this work, we show that metasurface gratings increase the absorption of BP-MoS2 heterojunction photodiodes over a broad range of wavelengths in the MWIR. We designed, fabricated, and characterized metasurface gratings that increase absorption at selected wavelengths or broad spectral ranges. We evaluated the broadband metasurfaces by measuring the room temperature responsivity and specific detectivity of BP-MoS2 photodiodes at multiple MWIR wavelengths. Our results show that broadband metasurface gratings are a scalable approach for boosting the performance of BP photodiodes over large spectral ranges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max R. Lien
- Ming
Hsieh Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Nan Wang
- Mork
Family Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Silvia Guadagnini
- Department
of Physics & Astronomy, University of
Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Jiangbin Wu
- Ming
Hsieh Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Alexander Soibel
- Jet
Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute
of Technology, 4800 Oak
Grove Dr., Pasadena, California 91030, United States
| | - Sarath D. Gunapala
- Jet
Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute
of Technology, 4800 Oak
Grove Dr., Pasadena, California 91030, United States
| | - Han Wang
- Ming
Hsieh Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
- Mork
Family Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Michelle L. Povinelli
- Ming
Hsieh Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
- Department
of Physics & Astronomy, University of
Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
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15
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Wang S, Bai Y, Liu M, Zong X, Wang W, Mu Q, Han T, Li F, Wang S, Shan L, Long M. A high-performance long-wave infrared photodetector based on a WSe 2/PdSe 2 broken-gap heterodiode. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:17006-17013. [PMID: 37831435 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr03248e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Layered narrow bandgap quasi-two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) demonstrated excellent performance in long-wave infrared (LWIR) detection. However, the low light on/off ratio and specific detectivity (D*) due to the high dark current of the device fabricated using a single narrow bandgap material hindered its wide application. Herein, we report a type-III broken-gap band-alignment WSe2/PdSe2 van der Waals (vdW) heterostructure. The heterodiode device has a prominently low dark current and exhibits a high photoresponsivity (R) of 55.3 A W-1 and a high light on/off ratio >105 in the visible range. Notably, the WSe2/PdSe2 heterodiode shows an excellent uncooled LWIR response, with an R of ∼0.3 A W-1, a low noise equivalence power (NEP) of 4.5 × 10-11 W Hz-1/2, and a high D* of 1.8 × 108 cm Hz1/2 W-1. This work provides a new approach for designing high-performance room-temperature operational LWIR photodetectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suofu Wang
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, 111 Jiu Long Road, Hefei 230601, China.
| | - Yajie Bai
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, 111 Jiu Long Road, Hefei 230601, China.
| | - Mingli Liu
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, 111 Jiu Long Road, Hefei 230601, China.
| | - Xiaolan Zong
- Institute for Quantum Control and Quantum Information, School of Physics and Materials Engineering, Hefei Normal University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Wenhui Wang
- School of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Qingge Mu
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, 111 Jiu Long Road, Hefei 230601, China.
| | - Tao Han
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, 111 Jiu Long Road, Hefei 230601, China.
| | - Feng Li
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, 111 Jiu Long Road, Hefei 230601, China.
| | - Shaoliang Wang
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, 111 Jiu Long Road, Hefei 230601, China.
| | - Lei Shan
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, 111 Jiu Long Road, Hefei 230601, China.
| | - Mingsheng Long
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, 111 Jiu Long Road, Hefei 230601, China.
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16
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Jelver L, Cox JD. Nonlinear Plasmonics in Nanostructured Phosphorene. ACS NANO 2023; 17:20043-20052. [PMID: 37791979 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c05363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorene has emerged as an atomically thin platform for optoelectronics and nanophotonics due to its excellent optical properties and the possibility of actively tuning light-matter interactions through electrical doping. While phosphorene is a two-dimensional semiconductor, plasmon resonances characterized by pronounced anisotropy and strong optical confinement are anticipated to emerge in highly doped samples. Here we show that the localized plasmons supported by phosphorene nanoribbons (PNRs) exhibit high tunability in relation to both edge termination and doping charge polarity and can trigger an intense nonlinear optical response at moderate doping levels. Our explorations are based on a second-principles theoretical framework, employing maximally localized Wannier functions constructed from ab initio electronic structure calculations, which we introduce here to describe the linear and nonlinear optical response of PNRs on mesoscopic length scales. Atomistic simulations reveal the high tunability of plasmons in doped PNRs at near-infrared frequencies, which can facilitate the synergy between the electronic band structure and plasmonic field confinement to drive efficient high-harmonic generation. Our findings establish nanostructured phosphorene as a versatile atomically thin material candidate for nonlinear plasmonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Line Jelver
- POLIMA─Center for Polariton-driven Light-Matter Interactions, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Joel D Cox
- POLIMA─Center for Polariton-driven Light-Matter Interactions, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
- Danish Institute for Advanced Study, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
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17
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Zhang Y, Yan Y, Mi J, Wang S, Wang M, Guo G. Bottom-Up Photosynthesis of an Air-Stable Radical Semiconductor Showing Photoconductivity to Full Solar Spectrum and X-Ray. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2302978. [PMID: 37541668 PMCID: PMC10558663 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202302978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Single-component semiconductors with photoresponse to full solar spectrum are highly desirable to simplify the device structure of commercial photodetectors and to improve solar conversion or photocatalytic efficiency but remain scarce. This work reports bottom-up photosynthesis of an air-stable radical semiconductor using BiI3 and a photochromism-active benzidine derivative as a photosensitive functional motif. This semiconductor shows photoconductivity to full solar spectrum contributed by radical and non-radical forms of the benzidine derivative. It has also the potential to detect X-rays because of strong X-ray absorption coefficient. This finding opens up a new synthetic method for radical semiconductors and may find applications on extending photoresponsive ranges of perovskites, transition metal sulfides, and other materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- College of ChemistryFuzhou UniversityFuzhouFujian350108P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Structural ChemistryFujian Institute of Research on the Structure of MatterChinese Academy of SciencesFuzhouFujian350608P. R. China
| | - Yun‐Fan Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Structural ChemistryFujian Institute of Research on the Structure of MatterChinese Academy of SciencesFuzhouFujian350608P. R. China
| | - Jia‐Rong Mi
- State Key Laboratory of Structural ChemistryFujian Institute of Research on the Structure of MatterChinese Academy of SciencesFuzhouFujian350608P. R. China
| | - Shuai‐Hua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural ChemistryFujian Institute of Research on the Structure of MatterChinese Academy of SciencesFuzhouFujian350608P. R. China
| | - Ming‐Sheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural ChemistryFujian Institute of Research on the Structure of MatterChinese Academy of SciencesFuzhouFujian350608P. R. China
| | - Guo‐Cong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Structural ChemistryFujian Institute of Research on the Structure of MatterChinese Academy of SciencesFuzhouFujian350608P. R. China
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18
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Du G, Ke F, Han W, Chen B, Xia Q, Kang J, Chen Y. Thermodynamic Origins of Structural Metastability in Two-Dimensional Black Arsenic. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:8676-8683. [PMID: 37733246 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c02214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) materials have aroused considerable research interest owing to their potential applications in nanoelectronics and optoelectronics. Thermodynamic stability of 2D structures inevitably affects the performance and power consumption of the fabricated nanodevices. Black arsenic (b-As), as a cousin of black phosphorus, has presented extremely high anisotropy in physical properties. However, systematic research on structural stability of b-As is still lacking. Herein, we demonstrated the detailed analysis on structural metastability of the natural b-As, and determined its existence conditions in terms of two essential thermodynamic variables, hydrostatic pressure and temperature. Our results confirmed that b-As can survive only below 0.7 GPa, and then irreversibly transforms to gray arsenic, consistent with our theoretical calculations. Furthermore, a thermal annealing strategy was developed to precisely control the thickness of the b-As flake, and it sublimates at 300 °C. These results could pave the way for 2D b-As in many promising applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoshuai Du
- School of Aerospace Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Feng Ke
- Department of Geological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wuxiao Han
- School of Aerospace Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Bin Chen
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Qinglin Xia
- School of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha, 410083 China
| | - Jun Kang
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yabin Chen
- School of Aerospace Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- BIT Chongqing Institute of Microelectronics and Microsystems, Chongqing, 400030, China
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19
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Zeng L, Han W, Ren X, Li X, Wu D, Liu S, Wang H, Lau SP, Tsang YH, Shan CX, Jie J. Uncooled Mid-Infrared Sensing Enabled by Chip-Integrated Low-Temperature-Grown 2D PdTe 2 Dirac Semimetal. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:8241-8248. [PMID: 37594857 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c02396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
Next-generation mid-infrared (MIR) imaging chips demand free-cooling capability and high-level integration. The rising two-dimensional (2D) semimetals with excellent infrared (IR) photoresponses are compliant with these requirements. However, challenges remain in scalable growth and substrate-dependence for on-chip integration. Here, we demonstrate the inch-level 2D palladium ditelluride (PdTe2) Dirac semimetal using a low-temperature self-stitched epitaxy (SSE) approach. The low formation energy between two precursors facilitates low-temperature multiple-point nucleation (∼300 °C), growing up, and merging, resulting in self-stitching of PdTe2 domains into a continuous film, which is highly compatible with back-end-of-line (BEOL) technology. The uncooled on-chip PdTe2/Si Schottky junction-based photodetector exhibits an ultrabroadband photoresponse of up to 10.6 μm with a large specific detectivity. Furthermore, the highly integrated device array demonstrates high-resolution room-temperature imaging capability, and the device can serve as an optical data receiver for IR optical communication. This study paves the way toward low-temperature growth of 2D semimetals for uncooled MIR sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longhui Zeng
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Wei Han
- Hubei Yangtze Memory Laboratories, Wuhan, Hubei 430205, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Ren
- School of Physics and Microelectronics, Key Laboratory of Material Physics Ministry of Education Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P. R. China
| | - Xue Li
- School of Physics and Microelectronics, Key Laboratory of Material Physics Ministry of Education Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P. R. China
| | - Di Wu
- School of Physics and Microelectronics, Key Laboratory of Material Physics Ministry of Education Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P. R. China
| | - Shujuan Liu
- Hubei Yangtze Memory Laboratories, Wuhan, Hubei 430205, P. R. China
| | - Hao Wang
- Hubei Yangtze Memory Laboratories, Wuhan, Hubei 430205, P. R. China
| | - Shu Ping Lau
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, P. R. China
| | - Yuen Hong Tsang
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, P. R. China
| | - Chong-Xin Shan
- School of Physics and Microelectronics, Key Laboratory of Material Physics Ministry of Education Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P. R. China
| | - Jiansheng Jie
- Macao Institute of Materials Science and Engineering (MIMSE), MUST-SUDA Joint Research Center for Advanced Functional Materials, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa 999078, Macau, China
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20
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Rogalski A, Kopytko M, Hu W, Martyniuk P. Infrared HOT Photodetectors: Status and Outlook. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:7564. [PMID: 37688032 PMCID: PMC10490682 DOI: 10.3390/s23177564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
At the current stage of long-wavelength infrared (LWIR) detector technology development, the only commercially available detectors that operate at room temperature are thermal detectors. However, the efficiency of thermal detectors is modest: they exhibit a slow response time and are not very useful for multispectral detection. On the other hand, in order to reach better performance (higher detectivity, better response speed, and multispectral response), infrared (IR) photon detectors are used, requiring cryogenic cooling. This is a major obstacle to the wider use of IR technology. For this reason, significant efforts have been taken to increase the operating temperature, such as size, weight and power consumption (SWaP) reductions, resulting in lower IR system costs. Currently, efforts are aimed at developing photon-based infrared detectors, with performance being limited by background radiation noise. These requirements are formalized in the Law 19 standard for P-i-N HgCdTe photodiodes. In addition to typical semiconductor materials such as HgCdTe and type-II AIIIBV superlattices, new generations of materials (two-dimensional (2D) materials and colloidal quantum dots (CQDs)) distinguished by the physical properties required for infrared detection are being considered for future high-operating-temperature (HOT) IR devices. Based on the dark current density, responsivity and detectivity considerations, an attempt is made to determine the development of a next-gen IR photodetector in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoni Rogalski
- Institute of Applied Physics, Military University of Technology, Kaliskiego 2, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland; (A.R.); (M.K.)
| | - Małgorzata Kopytko
- Institute of Applied Physics, Military University of Technology, Kaliskiego 2, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland; (A.R.); (M.K.)
| | - Weida Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 500 Yu-Tian Road, Shanghai 200083, China;
| | - Piotr Martyniuk
- Institute of Applied Physics, Military University of Technology, Kaliskiego 2, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland; (A.R.); (M.K.)
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21
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Ghosh S, Sun G, Morgan TA, Forcherio GT, Cheng HH, Chang GE. Dark Current Analysis on GeSn p-i-n Photodetectors. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:7531. [PMID: 37687985 PMCID: PMC10490798 DOI: 10.3390/s23177531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Group IV alloys of GeSn have been extensively investigated as a competing material alternative in shortwave-to-mid-infrared photodetectors (PDs). The relatively large defect densities present in GeSn alloys are the major challenge in developing practical devices, owing to the low-temperature growth and lattice mismatch with Si or Ge substrates. In this paper, we comprehensively analyze the impact of defects on the performance of GeSn p-i-n homojunction PDs. We first present our theoretical models to calculate various contributing components of the dark current, including minority carrier diffusion in p- and n-regions, carrier generation-recombination in the active intrinsic region, and the tunneling effect. We then analyze the effect of defect density in the GeSn active region on carrier mobilities, scattering times, and the dark current. A higher defect density increases the dark current, resulting in a reduction in the detectivity of GeSn p-i-n PDs. In addition, at low Sn concentrations, defect-related dark current density is dominant, while the generation dark current becomes dominant at a higher Sn content. These results point to the importance of minimizing defect densities in the GeSn material growth and device processing, particularly for higher Sn compositions necessary to expand the cutoff wavelength to mid- and long-wave infrared regime. Moreover, a comparative study indicates that further improvement of the material quality and optimization of device structure reduces the dark current and thereby increases the detectivity. This study provides more realistic expectations and guidelines for evaluating GeSn p-i-n PDs as a competitor to the III-V- and II-VI-based infrared PDs currently on the commercial market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumava Ghosh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, and Advanced Institute of Manufacturing with High-Tech Innovations (AIM-HI), National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi 621301, Taiwan;
| | - Greg Sun
- Department of Engineering, University of Massachusetts—Boston, Boston, MA 02125, USA;
| | - Timothy A. Morgan
- Electro-Optic Technology Division, Naval Surface Warfare Center, Crane, IN 47522, USA; (T.A.M.); (G.T.F.)
| | - Gregory T. Forcherio
- Electro-Optic Technology Division, Naval Surface Warfare Center, Crane, IN 47522, USA; (T.A.M.); (G.T.F.)
| | - Hung-Hsiang Cheng
- Center for Condensed Matter Sciences and Graduate Institute of Electronics Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan;
| | - Guo-En Chang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, and Advanced Institute of Manufacturing with High-Tech Innovations (AIM-HI), National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi 621301, Taiwan;
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22
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Vithanage D, Abu U, Khan Musa MR, Tasnim KJ, Weerahennedige H, Irziqat M, Yu M, Sumanasekera G, Jasinski JB. High-pressure response of vibrational properties of b-As xP 1-x: in situRaman studies. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 34:465704. [PMID: 37567162 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/acef28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
The structural evolution of black arsenic-phosphorous (b-AsxP1-x) alloys with varying arsenic concentrations was investigated under hydrostatic pressure usingin situRaman spectroscopy. High-pressure experiments were conducted using a diamond anvil cell, which revealed pressure-induced shifts in vibrational modes associated with P-P bonds (A1g,A2g,B2g), As-As bonds (A1g,A2g,B2g), and As-P bonds in b-AsxP1-xalloys. Two distinct pressure regimes were observed. In the first regime (region I), all vibrational modes exhibited a monotonic upshift, indicating phonon hardening due to hydrostatic pressure. In the second regime (region II), As0.4P0.6and As0.6P0.4alloys displayed a linear blueshift (or negligible change in some modes) at a reduced rate, suggesting local structural reorganization with less compression on the bonds. Notably, the alloy with the highest As concentration, As0.8P0.2, exhibited anomalous behavior in the second pressure regime, with a downward shift observed in all As-As and As-P Raman modes (and some P-P modes). Interestingly, the emergence of new peaks corresponding to theEgmode andA1gmode of the gray-As phase was observed in this pressure range, indicating compressive strain-induced structural changes. The anomalous change in region II confirms the formation of a new local structure, characterized by elongation of the P-P, As-As, and As-P bonds along the zigzag direction within the b-AsxP1-xphase, possibly near the grain boundary. Additionally, a gray-As phase undergoes compressive structural changes. This study underscores the significance of pressure in inducing structural transformations and exploring novel phases in two-dimensional materials, including b-AsxP1-xalloys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinushika Vithanage
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, United States of America
| | - Usman Abu
- Conn Center for Renewable Energy Research, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, United States of America
| | - Md Rajib Khan Musa
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, United States of America
| | - Kazi Jannatul Tasnim
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, United States of America
| | - Hiruni Weerahennedige
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, United States of America
| | - Mohammed Irziqat
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, United States of America
| | - Ming Yu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, United States of America
| | - Gamini Sumanasekera
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, United States of America
- Conn Center for Renewable Energy Research, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, United States of America
| | - Jacek B Jasinski
- Conn Center for Renewable Energy Research, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, United States of America
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23
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Zhang FF, Aw E, Eaton AG, Shutt RRC, Lim J, Kim JH, Macdonald TJ, Reyes CIIIDL, Ashoka A, Pandya R, Payton OD, Picco L, Knapp CE, Corà F, Rao A, Howard CA, Clancy AJ. Production of Magnetic Arsenic-Phosphorus Alloy Nanoribbons with Small Band Gaps and High Hole Conductivities. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:18286-18295. [PMID: 37551934 PMCID: PMC10450688 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c03230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Quasi-1D nanoribbons provide a unique route to diversifying the properties of their parent 2D nanomaterial, introducing lateral quantum confinement and an abundance of edge sites. Here, a new family of nanomaterials is opened with the creation of arsenic-phosphorus alloy nanoribbons (AsPNRs). By ionically etching the layered crystal black arsenic-phosphorus using lithium electride followed by dissolution in amidic solvents, solutions of AsPNRs are formed. The ribbons are typically few-layered, several micrometers long with widths tens of nanometers across, and both highly flexible and crystalline. The AsPNRs are highly electrically conducting above 130 K due to their small band gap (ca. 0.035 eV), paramagnetic in nature, and have high hole mobilities, as measured with the first generation of AsP devices, directly highlighting their properties and utility in electronic devices such as near-infrared detectors, quantum computing, and charge carrier layers in solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Fei Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, U.K.
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University College
London, London WC1E 6BT, U.K.
| | - Eva Aw
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University College
London, London WC1E 6BT, U.K.
| | - Alexander G. Eaton
- Cavendish
Laboratory, Department of Physics University
of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Rebecca R. C. Shutt
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University College
London, London WC1E 6BT, U.K.
| | - Juhwan Lim
- Cavendish
Laboratory, Department of Physics University
of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Jung Ho Kim
- Department
of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University
of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FS, U.K.
| | - Thomas J. Macdonald
- School
of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen
Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, U.K.
| | | | - Arjun Ashoka
- Cavendish
Laboratory, Department of Physics University
of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Raj Pandya
- Cavendish
Laboratory, Department of Physics University
of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
- Laboratoire
Kastler Brossel, ENS-Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Collège de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Oliver D. Payton
- Interface
Analysis Centre, H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TL, U.K.
| | - Loren Picco
- Interface
Analysis Centre, H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TL, U.K.
| | - Caroline E. Knapp
- Department
of Chemistry, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, U.K.
| | - Furio Corà
- Department
of Chemistry, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, U.K.
| | - Akshay Rao
- Cavendish
Laboratory, Department of Physics University
of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Christopher A. Howard
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University College
London, London WC1E 6BT, U.K.
| | - Adam J. Clancy
- Department
of Chemistry, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, U.K.
- Cavendish
Laboratory, Department of Physics University
of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
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24
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Zhang M, Yang L, Wu X, Wang J. Black Phosphorus for Photonic Integrated Circuits. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2023; 6:0206. [PMID: 37593339 PMCID: PMC10430873 DOI: 10.34133/research.0206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Black phosphorus gives several advantages and complementarities over other two-dimensional materials. It has drawn extensive interest owing to its relatively high carrier mobility, wide tunable bandgap, and in-plane anisotropy in recent years. This manuscript briefly reviews the structure and physical properties of black phosphorus and targets on black phosphorus for photonic integrated circuits. Some of the applications are discussed including photodetection, optical modulation, light emission, and polarization conversion. Corresponding recent progresses, associated challenges, and future potentials are covered.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Junjia Wang
- National Research Center for Optical Sensors/communications Integrated Networks, School of Electronic Science and Engineering,
Southeast University, 2 Sipailou, Nanjing 210096, China
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25
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Wang S, Ashokan A, Balendhran S, Yan W, Johnson BC, Peruzzo A, Crozier KB, Mulvaney P, Bullock J. Room Temperature Bias-Selectable, Dual-Band Infrared Detectors Based on Lead Sulfide Colloidal Quantum Dots and Black Phosphorus. ACS NANO 2023. [PMID: 37318109 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c02617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A single photodetector capable of switching its peak spectral photoresponse between two wavelength bands is highly useful, particularly for the infrared (IR) bands in applications such as remote sensing, object identification, and chemical sensing. Technologies exist for achieving dual-band IR detection with bulk III-V and II-VI materials, but the high cost and complexity as well as the necessity for active cooling associated with some of these technologies preclude their widespread adoption. In this study, we leverage the advantages of low-dimensional materials to demonstrate a bias-selectable dual-band IR detector that operates at room temperature by using lead sulfide colloidal quantum dots and black phosphorus nanosheets. By switching between zero and forward bias, these detectors switch peak photosensitive ranges between the mid- and short-wave IR bands with room temperature detectivities of 5 × 109 and 1.6 × 1011 cm Hz1/2 W-1, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, these are the highest reported room temperature values for low-dimensional material dual-band IR detectors to date. Unlike conventional bias-selectable detectors, which utilize a set of back-to-back photodiodes, we demonstrate that under zero/forward bias conditions the device's operation mode instead changes between a photodiode and a phototransistor, allowing additional functionalities that the conventional structure cannot provide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shifan Wang
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Arun Ashokan
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Sivacarendran Balendhran
- School of Physics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Transformative Meta-Optical System (TMOS), The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Wei Yan
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Brett C Johnson
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - Alberto Peruzzo
- Quantum Photonics Laboratory and Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Kenneth B Crozier
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
- School of Physics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Transformative Meta-Optical System (TMOS), The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Paul Mulvaney
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - James Bullock
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
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26
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Ryzhii V, Tang C, Otsuji T, Ryzhii M, Mitin V, Shur MS. Resonant plasmonic detection of terahertz radiation in field-effect transistors with the graphene channel and the black-As[Formula: see text]P[Formula: see text] gate layer. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9665. [PMID: 37316517 PMCID: PMC10267188 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36802-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
We propose the terahertz (THz) detectors based on field-effect transistors (FETs) with the graphene channel (GC) and the black-Arsenic (b-As) black-Phosphorus (b-P), or black-Arsenic-Phosphorus (b-As[Formula: see text]P[Formula: see text]) gate barrier layer. The operation of the GC-FET detectors is associated with the carrier heating in the GC by the THz electric field resonantly excited by incoming radiation leading to an increase in the rectified current between the channel and the gate over the b-As[Formula: see text]P[Formula: see text] energy barrier layer (BLs). The specific feature of the GC-FETs under consideration is relatively low energy BLs and the possibility to optimize the device characteristics by choosing the barriers containing a necessary number of the b-As[Formula: see text]P[Formula: see text] atomic layers and a proper gate voltage. The excitation of the plasma oscillations in the GC-FETs leads to the resonant reinforcement of the carrier heating and the enhancement of the detector responsivity. The room temperature responsivity can exceed the values of [Formula: see text] A/W. The speed of the GC-FET detector's response to the modulated THz radiation is determined by the processes of carrier heating. As shown, the modulation frequency can be in the range of several GHz at room temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Ryzhii
- Research Institute of Electrical Communication, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8577 Japan
| | - C. Tang
- Research Institute of Electrical Communication, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8577 Japan
| | - T. Otsuji
- Research Institute of Electrical Communication, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8577 Japan
| | - M. Ryzhii
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Aizu, Aizu-Wakamatsu, 965-8580 Japan
| | - V. Mitin
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University at Buffalo, SUNY, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA
| | - M. S. Shur
- Department of Electrical, Computer, and Systems Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180 USA
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27
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Ha CV, Nguyen Thi BN, Trang PQ, Ponce-Pérez R, Kim Lien VT, Guerrero-Sanchez J, Hoat DM. Semiconductor and topological phases in lateral heterostructures constructed from germanene and AsSb monolayers. RSC Adv 2023; 13:17968-17977. [PMID: 37323461 PMCID: PMC10263102 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra01867a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) heterostructures have attracted a lot of attention due to their novel properties induced by the synergistic effects of the constituent building blocks. In this work, new lateral heterostructures (LHSs) formed by stitching germanene and AsSb monolayers are investigated. First-principles calculations assert the semimetal and semiconductor characters of 2D germanene and AsSb, respectively. The non-magnetic nature is preserved by forming LHSs along the armchair direction, where the band gap of the germanene monolayer can be increased to 0.87 eV. Meanwhile, magnetism may emerge in the zigzag-interline LHSs depending on the chemical composition. Such that, total magnetic moments up to 0.49 μB can be obtained, being produced mainly at the interfaces. The calculated band structures show either topological gap or gapless protected interface states, with quantum spin-valley Hall effects and Weyl semimetal characters. The results introduce new lateral heterostructures with novel electronic and magnetic properties, which can be controlled by the interline formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chu Viet Ha
- Faculty of Physics, TNU-University of Education Thai Nguyen Vietnam
| | - Bich Ngoc Nguyen Thi
- Institute of Physics, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay Hanoi Vietnam
| | - Pham Quynh Trang
- Faculty of Physics, TNU-University of Education Thai Nguyen Vietnam
| | - R Ponce-Pérez
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Centro de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología Apartado Postal 14 Ensenada Baja California Código Postal 22800 Mexico
| | - Vu Thi Kim Lien
- Institute of Theoretical and Applied Research, Duy Tan University Hanoi 100000 Vietnam
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Duy Tan University Da Nang 550000 Vietnam
| | - J Guerrero-Sanchez
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Centro de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología Apartado Postal 14 Ensenada Baja California Código Postal 22800 Mexico
| | - D M Hoat
- Institute of Theoretical and Applied Research, Duy Tan University Hanoi 100000 Vietnam
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Duy Tan University Da Nang 550000 Vietnam
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28
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Dewan S, Khanikar PD, Mudgal R, Singh A, Muduli PK, Singh R, Das S. Large-Area GeSe Realized Using Pulsed Laser Deposition for Ultralow-Noise and Ultrafast Broadband Phototransistors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 37216628 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c02522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Here, we report on the comprehensive growth, characterization, and optoelectronic application of large-area, two-dimensional germanium selenide (GeSe) layers prepared using the pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique. Back-gated phototransistors based on few-layered 2D GeSe have been fabricated on a SiO2/Si substrate for ultrafast, low noise, and broadband light detection, showing spectral functionalities over a broad wavelength range of 0.4-1.5 μm. The broadband detection capabilities of the device have been attributed to the self-assembled GeOx/GeSe heterostructure and sub-bandgap absorption in GeSe. Besides a high photoresponsivity of 25 AW-1, the GeSe phototransistor displayed a high external quantum efficiency of the order of 6.14 × 103%, a maximum specific detectivity of 4.16 × 1010 Jones, and an ultralow noise equivalent power of 0.09 pW/Hz1/2. The detector has an ultrafast response/recovery time of 3.2/14.9 μs and can show photoresponse up to a high cut-off frequency of 150 kHz. These promising device parameters exhibited by PLD-grown GeSe layers-based detectors make it a favorable choice against present-day mainstream van der Waals semiconductors with limited scalability and optoelectronic compatibility in the visible-to-infrared spectral range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheetal Dewan
- School of Interdisciplinary Research, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Prabal Dweep Khanikar
- University of Queensland-IIT Delhi Academy of Research (UQIDAR), Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
- Centre for Applied Research in Electronics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Richa Mudgal
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Avneet Singh
- Department of Physics, Shivaji College, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110027, India
| | - Pranaba Kishor Muduli
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Rajendra Singh
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Samaresh Das
- Centre for Applied Research in Electronics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
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29
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Roy PK, Hartman T, Šturala J, Luxa J, Melle-Franco M, Sofer Z. Hydrogen-Terminated Two-Dimensional Germanane/Silicane Alloys as Self-Powered Photodetectors and Sensors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 37192133 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c01971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
2D monoelemental materials, particularly germanene and silicene (the single layer of germanium and silicon), which are the base materials for modern electronic devices demonstrated tremendous attraction for their 2D layer structure along with the tuneable electronics and optical band gap. The major shortcoming of synthesized thermodynamically very unstable layered germanene and silicene with their inclination toward oxidation was overcome by topochemical deintercalation of a Zintl phase (CaGe2, CaGe1.5Si0.5, and CaGeSi) in a protic environment. The exfoliated Ge-H, Ge0.75Si0.25H, and Ge0.5Si0.5H were successfully synthesized and employed as the active layer for photoelectrochemical photodetectors, which showed broad response (420-940 nm), unprecedented responsivity, and detectivity on the order of 168 μA W-1 and 3.45 × 108 cm Hz1/2 W-1, respectively. The sensing capability of exfoliated germanane and silicane composites was explored using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy with ultrafast response and recovery time of less than 1 s. These positive findings serve as the application of exfoliated germanene and silicene composites and can pave a new path to practical applications in efficient future devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradip Kumar Roy
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Hartman
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Šturala
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Luxa
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Manuel Melle-Franco
- CICECO─Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Zdenek Sofer
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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30
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Ren Y, He Q, Xu T, Zhang W, Peng Z, Meng B. Recent Progress in MXene Hydrogel for Wearable Electronics. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:bios13050495. [PMID: 37232856 DOI: 10.3390/bios13050495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Recently, hydrogels have attracted great attention because of their unique properties, including stretchability, self-adhesion, transparency, and biocompatibility. They can transmit electrical signals for potential applications in flexible electronics, human-machine interfaces, sensors, actuators, et al. MXene, a newly emerged two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterial, is an ideal candidate for wearable sensors, benefitting from its surface's negatively charged hydrophilic nature, biocompatibility, high specific surface area, facile functionalization, and high metallic conductivity. However, stability has been a limiting factor for MXene-based applications, and fabricating MXene into hydrogels has been proven to significantly improve their stability. The unique and complex gel structure and gelation mechanism of MXene hydrogels require intensive research and engineering at nanoscale. Although the application of MXene-based composites in sensors has been widely studied, the preparation methods and applications of MXene-based hydrogels in wearable electronics is relatively rare. Thus, in order to facilitate the effective evolution of MXene hydrogel sensors, the design strategies, preparation methods, and applications of MXene hydrogels for flexible and wearable electronics are comprehensively discussed and summarized in this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ren
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Qi He
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Tongyi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Weiguan Zhang
- Guangdong Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy (SZ), Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Zhengchun Peng
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Bo Meng
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
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31
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Paul Inbaraj CR, Mathew RJ, Sankar R, Lin HY, Li NX, Chen YT, Chen YF. Coupling between Pyroelectricity and Built-In Electric Field Enabled Highly Sensitive Infrared Phototransistor Based on InSe/WSe 2/P(VDF-TrFE) Heterostructure. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:19121-19128. [PMID: 37027524 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c22876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The assorted utilization of infrared detectors induces the demand for more comprehensive and high-performance electronic devices that work at room temperature. The intricacy of the fabrication process with bulk material limits the exploration in this field. However, two-dimensional (2D) materials with a narrow band gap opening aid in infrared (IR) detection relatively, but the photodetection range is narrowed due to the inherent band gap. In this study, we report an unprecedented attempt at the coordinated use of both 2D heterostructure (InSe/WSe2) and the dielectric polymer (poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene), P(VDF-TrFE)) for both visible and IR photodetection in a single device. The remnant polarization due to the ferroelectric effect of the polymer dielectric enhances the photocarrier separation in the visible range, resulting in high photoresponsivity. On the other hand, the pyroelectric effect of the polymer dielectric causes a change in the device current due to the increased temperature induced by the localized heating effect of the IR irradiation, which results in the change of ferroelectric polarization and induces the redistribution of charge carriers. In turn, it changes the built-in electric field, the depletion width, and the band alignment across the p-n heterojunction interface. Consequently, the charge carrier separation and the photosensitivity are therefore enhanced. Through the coupling between pyroelectricity and built-in electric field across the heterojunction, the specific detectivity for the photon energy below the band gap of the constituent 2D materials can reach up to 1011 Jones, which is better than all reported pyroelectric IR detectors. The proposed approach combining the ferroelectric and pyroelectric effects of the dielectric as well as exceptional properties of the 2D heterostructures can spark the design of advanced and not-yet realized optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roshan Jesus Mathew
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Raman Sankar
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Hsia Yu Lin
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Nian-Xiu Li
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yit-Tsong Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Department of Electrophysics, PSMC-NYCU Research Center, and LIGHTMED Laser System Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300093, Taiwan
| | - Yang-Fang Chen
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Advanced Research Centre for Green Materials Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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32
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Wang F, Hu F, Dai M, Zhu S, Sun F, Duan R, Wang C, Han J, Deng W, Chen W, Ye M, Han S, Qiang B, Jin Y, Chua Y, Chi N, Yu S, Nam D, Chae SH, Liu Z, Wang QJ. A two-dimensional mid-infrared optoelectronic retina enabling simultaneous perception and encoding. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1938. [PMID: 37024508 PMCID: PMC10079931 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37623-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Infrared machine vision system for object perception and recognition is becoming increasingly important in the Internet of Things era. However, the current system suffers from bulkiness and inefficiency as compared to the human retina with the intelligent and compact neural architecture. Here, we present a retina-inspired mid-infrared (MIR) optoelectronic device based on a two-dimensional (2D) heterostructure for simultaneous data perception and encoding. A single device can perceive the illumination intensity of a MIR stimulus signal, while encoding the intensity into a spike train based on a rate encoding algorithm for subsequent neuromorphic computing with the assistance of an all-optical excitation mechanism, a stochastic near-infrared (NIR) sampling terminal. The device features wide dynamic working range, high encoding precision, and flexible adaption ability to the MIR intensity. Moreover, an inference accuracy more than 96% to MIR MNIST data set encoded by the device is achieved using a trained spiking neural network (SNN).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fakun Wang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Fangchen Hu
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
- Key Laboratory for Information Science of Electromagnetic Waves (MoE), Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Mingjin Dai
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Song Zhu
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Fangyuan Sun
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Ruihuan Duan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Chongwu Wang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Jiayue Han
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Wenjie Deng
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Wenduo Chen
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Ming Ye
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Song Han
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Bo Qiang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Yuhao Jin
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Yunda Chua
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Nan Chi
- Key Laboratory for Information Science of Electromagnetic Waves (MoE), Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Shaohua Yu
- Peng Cheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Donguk Nam
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Sang Hoon Chae
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Zheng Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Qi Jie Wang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore.
- Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore.
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33
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He W, Kong L, Yu P, Yang G. Record-High Work-Function p-Type CuBiP 2 Se 6 Atomic Layers for High-Photoresponse van der Waals Vertical Heterostructure Phototransistor. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2209995. [PMID: 36640444 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202209995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The notable lack of intrinsic p-type 2D layered semiconductors has hindered the engineering of 2D devices for complementary metal oxide semiconductors (CMOSs). Herein, a novel quaternary intrinsic p-type 2D semiconductor, CuBiP2 Se6 atomic layers, is introduced into the 2D family. The semiconductor displays a high work function of 5.26 eV, a moderate hole mobility of 1.72 cm2 V-1 s-1 , and an ultrahigh on/off current exceeding 106 at room temperature. To date, 5.26 eV is the highest work-function recorded in p-type 2D materials, indicating the ultrastable p-type behavior of CuBiP2 Se6 . Additionally, a multilayer graphene/CuBiP2 Se6 /multilayer graphene (MLG/CBPS/MLG)-based fully vertical van der Waals heterostructure phototransistor is designed and fabricated. This device exhibits outstanding optoelectronic performance with a responsivity (R) of 4.9 × 104 A W-1 , an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 1.5 × 107 %, a detectivity (D) of 1.14 × 1013 Jones, and a broad working wavelength (400-1100 nm), respectively. This is comparable to state-of-the-art 2D devices. Such excellent performance is attributed to the ultrashort transmit length and nondestructive/defect-free contacts. This leads to faster response speed and eliminates Fermi-level pinning effects. Moreover, ultrahigh responsivity and detectivity endow the device with applaudable imaging sensing capability. These results make CuBiP2 Se6 an ideal p-type candidate material for next-generation CMOSs logic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei He
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices, Nanotechnology Research Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Lingling Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices, Nanotechnology Research Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Peng Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices, Nanotechnology Research Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Guowei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices, Nanotechnology Research Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
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34
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Zhang Y, Huang Z, Jiang J. Emerging photoelectric devices for neuromorphic vision applications: principles, developments, and outlooks. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2023; 24:2186689. [PMID: 37007672 PMCID: PMC10054230 DOI: 10.1080/14686996.2023.2186689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The traditional von Neumann architecture is gradually failing to meet the urgent need for highly parallel computing, high-efficiency, and ultra-low power consumption for the current explosion of data. Brain-inspired neuromorphic computing can break the inherent limitations of traditional computers. Neuromorphic devices are the key hardware units of neuromorphic chips to implement the intelligent computing. In recent years, the development of optogenetics and photosensitive materials has provided new avenues for the research of neuromorphic devices. The emerging optoelectronic neuromorphic devices have received a lot of attentions because they have shown great potential in the field of visual bionics. In this paper, we summarize the latest visual bionic applications of optoelectronic synaptic memristors and transistors based on different photosensitive materials. The basic principle of bio-vision formation is first introduced. Then the device structures and operating mechanisms of optoelectronic memristors and transistors are discussed. Most importantly, the recent progresses of optoelectronic synaptic devices based on various photosensitive materials in the fields of visual perception are described. Finally, the problems and challenges of optoelectronic neuromorphic devices are summarized, and the future development of visual bionics is also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Devices, Hunan Key Laboratory of Super Microstructure and Ultrafast Process, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhuohui Huang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Devices, Hunan Key Laboratory of Super Microstructure and Ultrafast Process, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jie Jiang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Devices, Hunan Key Laboratory of Super Microstructure and Ultrafast Process, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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35
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Yang X, Zhou X, Li L, Wang N, Hao R, Zhou Y, Xu H, Li Y, Zhu G, Zhang Z, Wang J, Feng Q. Large-Area Black Phosphorus/PtSe 2 Schottky Junction for High Operating Temperature Broadband Photodetectors. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023:e2206590. [PMID: 36974583 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202206590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
High operating temperature (HOT) broadband photodetectors are urgently necessary for extreme condition applications in infrared-guided missiles, infrared night vision, fire safety imaging, and space exploration sensing. However, conventional photodetectors show dramatic carrier mobility decreases and carrier losses with low photoresponsivity at HOT due to the increased carrier scattering in channels at high temperatures. Herein, the HOT broadband photodetectors from room temperature to 470 K are developed for the first time by large-area black phosphorus (BP)/PtSe2 films device arrays via a depletion-enhanced photocarrier dynamics strategy. Attributed to the 2D Schottky junction at BP/PtSe2 interface and resulting in full depleted working channels, the BP/PtSe2 photodetector arrays exhibit high tolerance to carrier mobility decrease during the increasing operating temperature in a wide wavelength range from 532 to 2200 nm. Thus, the photodetector shows a state-of-the-art operating temperature at 470 K with the photo-responsivity (R) and specific detectivity (D*) of 25 A W-1 and 6.4 × 1011 Jones under 1850 nm illumination, respectively. Moreover, BP/PtSe2 photodetector arrays show high-uniformity photo-response in a large area. This work provides new strategies for high-performance broadband photodetector arrays with HOT by Schottky junction of large-area BP/PtSe2 films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Yang
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China
| | - Xi Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China
| | - Lei Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China
| | - Rui Hao
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China
| | - Yanan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China
| | - Hua Xu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Yingtao Li
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Guangming Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China
| | - Zemin Zhang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Junru Wang
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Qingliang Feng
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China
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36
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Chen C, Yin Y, Zhang R, Yuan Q, Xu Y, Zhang Y, Chen J, Zhang Y, Li C, Wang J, Li J, Fei L, Yu Q, Zhou Z, Zhang H, Cheng R, Dong Z, Xu X, Pan A, Zhang K, He J. Growth of single-crystal black phosphorus and its alloy films through sustained feedstock release. NATURE MATERIALS 2023:10.1038/s41563-023-01516-1. [PMID: 36959500 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-023-01516-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Black phosphorus (BP), a fascinating semiconductor with high mobility and a tunable direct bandgap, has emerged as a candidate beyond traditional silicon-based devices for next-generation electronics and optoelectronics. The ability to grow large-scale, high-quality BP films is a prerequisite for scalable integrated applications but has thus far remained a challenge due to unmanageable nucleation events. Here we develop a sustained feedstock release strategy to achieve subcentimetre-size single-crystal BP films by facilitating the lateral growth mode under a low nucleation rate. The as-grown single-crystal BP films exhibit high crystal quality, which brings excellent field-effect electrical properties and observation of pronounced Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations, with high mobilities up to ~6,500 cm2 V-1 s-1 at low temperatures. We further extend this approach to the growth of single-crystal BP alloy films, which broaden the infrared emission regime of BP from 3.7 μm to 6.9 μm at room temperature. This work will greatly facilitate the development of high-performance electronics and optoelectronics based on BP family materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface & Key Laboratory of Nanodevices and Applications, i-Lab, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, China
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yuling Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rencong Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qinghong Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yushuang Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Physics and Technology of Hunan Province, Hunan Institute of Optoelectronic Integration, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pulsed Power Laser Technology, College of Electronic Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Jie Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface & Key Laboratory of Nanodevices and Applications, i-Lab, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface & Key Laboratory of Nanodevices and Applications, i-Lab, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, China
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Chang Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface & Key Laboratory of Nanodevices and Applications, i-Lab, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, China
| | - Junyong Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface & Key Laboratory of Nanodevices and Applications, i-Lab, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, China
| | - Jie Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface & Key Laboratory of Nanodevices and Applications, i-Lab, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, China
| | - Linfeng Fei
- School of Physics and Materials Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Qiang Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface & Key Laboratory of Nanodevices and Applications, i-Lab, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, China
| | - Zheng Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface & Key Laboratory of Nanodevices and Applications, i-Lab, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, China
| | - Huisheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules and Magnetic Information Materials of Ministry of Education & Research Institute of Materials Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ruiqing Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhuo Dong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface & Key Laboratory of Nanodevices and Applications, i-Lab, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, China
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaohong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules and Magnetic Information Materials of Ministry of Education & Research Institute of Materials Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Anlian Pan
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Physics and Technology of Hunan Province, Hunan Institute of Optoelectronic Integration, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China.
| | - Kai Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface & Key Laboratory of Nanodevices and Applications, i-Lab, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, China.
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
| | - Jun He
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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37
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Zhang J, Shang C, Dai X, Zhang Y, Zhu T, Zhou N, Xu H, Yang R, Li X. Effective Passivation of Anisotropic 2D GeAs via Graphene Encapsulation for Highly Stable Near-Infrared Photodetectors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:13281-13289. [PMID: 36857585 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c20030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Germanium arsenic (GeAs) as a promising two-dimensional (2D) semiconducting material has attracted extensive attention. The high carrier mobility and tunable bandgap of GeAs offer broad prospects in electronic and optoelectronic device-related applications. The unique intrinsic anisotropy arising from the low-symmetry structure can be applied in the design of new devices. However, the rapid degradation of mechanically exfoliated GeAs in the environment poses a challenge to its practical development in scalable devices. Here, an approach to stabilize the sensitive material without isolation from the ambient environment is reported. The graphene capping layer effectively suppresses environmental degradation, enabling the encapsulated GeAs photodetectors to maintain the key electronic properties for more than 3 months under ambient conditions. In addition, the regulation of the work function of graphene significantly improves the device performance. An improved responsivity of 965.07 A/W is 20 times higher than that of pure GeAs. This work provides opportunities for the practical application of GeAs and other environmentally sensitive 2D materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbin Zhang
- Shaanxi Joint Key Laboratory of Graphene, School of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Xidian University, Xi'an 710126, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, P. R. China
- Guangzhou Institute of Technology, Xidian University, Guangzhou 710068, P. R. China
| | - Conghui Shang
- Shaanxi Joint Key Laboratory of Graphene, School of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Xidian University, Xi'an 710126, P. R. China
| | - Xinyue Dai
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P. R. China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, P. R. China
| | - Tao Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, P. R. China
| | - Nan Zhou
- Shaanxi Joint Key Laboratory of Graphene, School of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Xidian University, Xi'an 710126, P. R. China
- Guangzhou Institute of Technology, Xidian University, Guangzhou 710068, P. R. China
| | - Hua Xu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, P. R. China
| | - Rusen Yang
- Shaanxi Joint Key Laboratory of Graphene, School of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Xidian University, Xi'an 710126, P. R. China
| | - Xiaobo Li
- Shaanxi Joint Key Laboratory of Graphene, School of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Xidian University, Xi'an 710126, P. R. China
- Guangzhou Institute of Technology, Xidian University, Guangzhou 710068, P. R. China
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Elbanna A, Jiang H, Fu Q, Zhu JF, Liu Y, Zhao M, Liu D, Lai S, Chua XW, Pan J, Shen ZX, Wu L, Liu Z, Qiu CW, Teng J. 2D Material Infrared Photonics and Plasmonics. ACS NANO 2023; 17:4134-4179. [PMID: 36821785 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c10705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) materials including graphene, transition metal dichalcogenides, black phosphorus, MXenes, and semimetals have attracted extensive and widespread interest over the past years for their many intriguing properties and phenomena, underlying physics, and great potential for applications. The vast library of 2D materials and their heterostructures provides a diverse range of electrical, photonic, mechanical, and chemical properties with boundless opportunities for photonics and plasmonic devices. The infrared (IR) regime, with wavelengths across 0.78 μm to 1000 μm, has particular technological significance in industrial, military, commercial, and medical settings while facing challenges especially in the limit of materials. Here, we present a comprehensive review of the varied approaches taken to leverage the properties of the 2D materials for IR applications in photodetection and sensing, light emission and modulation, surface plasmon and phonon polaritons, non-linear optics, and Smith-Purcell radiation, among others. The strategies examined include the growth and processing of 2D materials, the use of various 2D materials like semiconductors, semimetals, Weyl-semimetals and 2D heterostructures or mixed-dimensional hybrid structures, and the engineering of light-matter interactions through nanophotonics, metasurfaces, and 2D polaritons. Finally, we give an outlook on the challenges in realizing high-performance and ambient-stable devices and the prospects for future research and large-scale commercial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Elbanna
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore 138634, Singapore
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Hao Jiang
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Qundong Fu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
- CINTRA CNRS/NTU/THALES, UMI 3288, Research Techno Plaza, Singapore 637553, Singapore
| | - Juan-Feng Zhu
- Science, Mathematics and Technology (SMT), Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore 487372, Singapore
| | - Yuanda Liu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Meng Zhao
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Dongjue Liu
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Samuel Lai
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Xian Wei Chua
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Jisheng Pan
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Ze Xiang Shen
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program, Energy Research Institute@NTU, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
- The Photonics Institute and Center for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798 Singapore
| | - Lin Wu
- Science, Mathematics and Technology (SMT), Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore 487372, Singapore
- Institute of High Performance Computing, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore 138632, Singapore
| | - Zheng Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
- CINTRA CNRS/NTU/THALES, UMI 3288, Research Techno Plaza, Singapore 637553, Singapore
| | - Cheng-Wei Qiu
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Jinghua Teng
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore 138634, Singapore
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Azadmanjiri J, Roy PK, Děkanovský L, Sofer Z. Chalcogen (S, Se, and Te) decorated few-layered Ti 3C 2T x MXene hybrids: modulation of properties through covalent bonding. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:4033-4044. [PMID: 36728634 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr05730a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
2D carbides and nitrides of transition metals (MXenes) have shown great promise in a variety of energy storage and energy conversion applications. The extraordinary properties of MXenes are because of their excellent conductivity, large carrier concentration, vast specific surface area, superior hydrophilicity, high volumetric capacitance, and rich surface chemistry. However, it is still desired to synthesize MXenes with specific functional groups that deliver the required characteristics. This is due to the fact that a considerable amount of metal atoms is exposed on the surface of MXenes during their synthesis through an etching procedure; hence, other anions and cations are uncontrollably implanted on their surfaces. Because of this situation, the first invented Ti3C2Tx MXene suffers from low photoresponsivity and detectivity, large overpotential, and small sensitivity in photoelectrochemical (PEC) photodetectors, hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), and sensing applications. Therefore, surface modification of the MXene structure is required to develop the device's performance. On the other hand, there is still a lack of understanding of the MXene mechanism in such cutting-edge applications. Thus, the manipulations of MXenes are highly dependent on understanding the device mechanism, suitable modification elements, and modification methods. This study for the first time reveals the conjugation effect of pre-selected S, Se, and Te chalcogen elements on a few-layered Ti3C2Tx MXene to synthesize new composites for PEC photodetector, HER, and vapor sensor applications. Also, the mechanism of the chalcogen decorated few-layered Ti3C2Tx MXene composites for each application is discussed. The selection of a few-layered Ti3C2Tx MXene is due to its fascinating characteristics which make it capable to be considered as an appropriate substrate and incorporating chalcogen atoms. The Te-decorated few-layered Ti3C2Tx MXene composite provides better performances in PEC photodetector and vapor sensing applications. Although the potential value of the Se-decorated few-layered Ti3C2Tx composite is slightly lower than that of the Te-decorated sample in HER application, its overpotential is still greater than that of the Te-decorated sample. The acquired results show that the S-decorated few-layered Ti3C2Tx composite demonstrates the lowest performance in all three examined applications in comparison with the other two samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jalal Azadmanjiri
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Pradip Kumar Roy
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Lukáš Děkanovský
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Zdeněk Sofer
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
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40
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Su Y, Wang H, Li S, Sun W, Li D, Peng F. Stable multifunctional aluminum phosphides at high pressures. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:6392-6396. [PMID: 36779564 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp05289j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Phosphides have been used in a wide range of applications due to their excellent optical, mechanical, and catalytic properties. Using an effective unbiased structure searching method combined with first-principles calculations, the phase diagram and physical and chemical properties of aluminum phosphides have been determined at high pressures. The results reveal that the unconventional stoichiometries of Al2P, AlP2, and AlP3 remain stable above 66, 91, and 116 GPa, respectively. Interestingly, the analysis of the phonon spectrum suggests that AlP2 with P21 symmetry can be dynamically stable at atmospheric pressure. In addition, the band gap of 1.51 eV at the HSE06 level and the estimated Vickers hardness of ∼10.54 GPa make P21-AlP2 a hard photoelectric material. Moreover, our electronic properties show that AlP3 with Immm symmetry and AlP2 with I4/mmm structure are metallic at high pressures and further electron-phonon coupling calculations indicate Immm-AlP3 and I4/mmm-AlP2 are superconductors with estimated Tc values of 3.9 K at 150 GPa and 10.2 K at 100 GPa, respectively. Our work provides significant inputs toward understanding novel chemical bonding in aluminum phosphides and gives a direction for the experimental synthesis of multifunctional materials at high pressures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Su
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, 454000, China.
| | - Haiyan Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, 454000, China.
| | - Simin Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, 454000, China.
| | - Weiguo Sun
- College of Physics and Electronic Information & Henan Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Transformation and Detection, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, 471934, China
| | - Dan Li
- Public experimental teaching center, Panzhihua University, Panzhihua, 617000, China
| | - Feng Peng
- College of Physics and Electronic Information & Henan Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Transformation and Detection, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, 471934, China.,School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, 454000, China.
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41
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Low symmetric sub-wavelength array enhanced lensless polarization-sensitivity photodetector of germanium selenium. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2023; 68:173-179. [PMID: 36653218 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2023.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Polarization-sensitive photodetectors, with the ability of identifying the texture-, stress-, and roughness-induced light polarization state variation, displace unique advantages in the fields of national security, medical diagnosis, and aerospace. The utilization of in-plane anisotropic two-dimensional (2D) materials has led the polarization photodetector into a polarizer-free regime, and facilitated the miniaturization of optoelectronic device integration. However, the insufficient polarization ratio (usually less than 10) restricts the detection resolution of polarized signals. Here, we designed a sub-wavelength array (SWA) structure of 2D germanium selenium (GeSe) to further improve its anisotropic sensitivity, which boosts the polarized photocurrent ratio from 1.6 to 18. This enhancement comes from the combination of nano-scale arrays with atomic-scale lattice arrangement at the low-symmetric direction, while the polarization-sensitive photoresponse along the high-symmetric direction is strongly suppressed due to the SWA-caused depolarization effect. Our mechanism study revealed that the SWA can improve the asymmetry of charge distribution, attenuate the matrix element in zigzag direction, and the localized surface plasma, which elevates the photo absorption and photoelectric transition probability along the armchair direction, therefore accounts for the enhanced polarization sensitivity. In addition, the photodetector based on GeSe SWA exhibited a broad power range of 40 dB at a near-infrared wavelength of 808 nm and the ability of weak-light detection under 0.1 LUX of white light (two orders of magnitude smaller than pristine 2D GeSe). This work provides a feasible guideline to improve the polarization sensitivity of 2D materials, and will greatly benefit the development of polarized imaging sensors.
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Roy PK, Antonatos N, Li T, Jing Y, Luxa J, Azadmanjiri J, Marvan P, Heine T, Sofer Z. 2D Few-Layered PdPS: Toward High-Efficient Self-Powered Broadband Photodetector and Sensors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:1859-1870. [PMID: 36541490 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c18125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Photodetectors and sensors have a prominent role in our lives and cover a wide range of applications, including intelligent systems and the detection of harmful and toxic elements. Although there have been several studies in this direction, their practical applications have been hindered by slow response and low responsiveness. To overcome these problems, we have presented here a self-powered (photoelectrochemical, PEC), ultrasensitive, and ultrafast photodetector platform. For this purpose, a novel few-layered palladium-phosphorus-sulfur (PdPS) was fabricated by shear exfoliation for effective photodetection as a practical assessment. The characterization of this self-powered broadband photodetector demonstrated superior responsivity and specific detectivity in the order of 33 mA W-1 and 9.87 × 1010 cm Hz1/2 W-1, respectively. The PEC photodetector also exhibits a broadband photodetection capability ranging from UV to IR spectrum, with the ultrafast response (∼40 ms) and recovery time (∼50 ms). In addition, the novel few-layered PdPS showed superior sensing ability to organic vapors with ultrafast response and a recovery time of less than 1 s. Finally, the photocatalytic activity in the form of hydrogen evolution reaction was explored due to the suitable band alignment and pronounced light absorption capability. The self-powered sensing platforms and superior catalytic activity will pave the way for practical applications in efficient future devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradip Kumar Roy
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Nikolas Antonatos
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Tianchun Li
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, 210037Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Jing
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, 210037Nanjing, China
| | - Jan Luxa
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jalal Azadmanjiri
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Marvan
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Thomas Heine
- Fakultät Chemie und Lebensmittelchemie, TU Dresden, Bergstraße 66c, 01062Dresden, Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Forschungsstelle Leipzig, Permoserstraßem 15, 04318Leipzig, Germany
| | - Zdeněk Sofer
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28Prague 6, Czech Republic
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Wu D, Guo C, Zeng L, Ren X, Shi Z, Wen L, Chen Q, Zhang M, Li XJ, Shan CX, Jie J. Phase-controlled van der Waals growth of wafer-scale 2D MoTe 2 layers for integrated high-sensitivity broadband infrared photodetection. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2023; 12:5. [PMID: 36588125 PMCID: PMC9806107 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-022-01047-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Being capable of sensing broadband infrared (IR) light is vitally important for wide-ranging applications from fundamental science to industrial purposes. Two-dimensional (2D) topological semimetals are being extensively explored for broadband IR detection due to their gapless electronic structure and the linear energy dispersion relation. However, the low charge separation efficiency, high noise level, and on-chip integration difficulty of these semimetals significantly hinder their further technological applications. Here, we demonstrate a facile thermal-assisted tellurization route for the van der Waals (vdW) growth of wafer-scale phase-controlled 2D MoTe2 layers. Importantly, the type-II Weyl semimetal 1T'-MoTe2 features a unique orthorhombic lattice structure with a broken inversion symmetry, which ensures efficient carrier transportation and thus reduces the carrier recombination. This characteristic is a key merit for the well-designed 1T'-MoTe2/Si vertical Schottky junction photodetector to achieve excellent performance with an ultrabroadband detection range of up to 10.6 µm and a large room temperature specific detectivity of over 108 Jones in the mid-infrared (MIR) range. Moreover, the large-area synthesis of 2D MoTe2 layers enables the demonstration of high-resolution uncooled MIR imaging capability by using an integrated device array. This work provides a new approach to assembling uncooled IR photodetectors based on 2D materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wu
- School of Physics and Microelectronics, Key Laboratory of Material Physics Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Chenguang Guo
- School of Physics and Microelectronics, Key Laboratory of Material Physics Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Longhui Zeng
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
| | - Xiaoyan Ren
- School of Physics and Microelectronics, Key Laboratory of Material Physics Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Zhifeng Shi
- School of Physics and Microelectronics, Key Laboratory of Material Physics Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Long Wen
- Institute of Nanophotonics, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 511443, China
| | - Qin Chen
- Institute of Nanophotonics, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 511443, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Xin Jian Li
- School of Physics and Microelectronics, Key Laboratory of Material Physics Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China.
| | - Chong-Xin Shan
- School of Physics and Microelectronics, Key Laboratory of Material Physics Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Jiansheng Jie
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China.
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Bao X, Zhuo L, Dong W, Guo J, Wang G, Wang B, Wei Q, Huang Z, Li J, Shen J, Yu J, Nie Z, Ren W, Liu G, Xing G, Shao H. Black Arsenic-Phosphorus Nanosheets for Highly Responsive Photodetection and Dual-Wavelength Ultrafast Pulse Generation at Telecommunication Bands. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:52270-52278. [PMID: 36350786 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c10857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Black arsenic-phosphorus (b-AsP), an alloy containing black phosphorus and arsenic in the form of b-AsxP1-x, has a broadly tunable band gap changing with the chemical ratios of As and P. Although mid-infrared photodetectors and mode-locked or Q-switched pulse lasers based on b-AsP (mostly b-As0.83P0.17) are investigated, the potential of this family of materials for near-infrared photonic and optoelectronic applications at telecommunication bands is not fully explored. Here, we have verified a multifunctional fiber device based on b-As0.4P0.6 nanosheets for highly responsive photodetection and dual-wavelength ultrafast pulse generation at around 1550 nm. The fiber laser with a saturable absorber (SA) based on b-As0.4P0.6 nanosheets can output dual-wavelength mode-locking pulses with a larger bandwidth and spectral separation than those based on other two-dimensional (2D) materials. Remarkably, it is found that the b-As0.4P0.6-based photodetector can achieve a high responsivity of 10,200 A/W at 1550 nm and a peak responsivity of 2.29 × 105 A/W at 980 nm. Our work suggests that b-As0.4P0.6 shows great potential in ultrafast photonics, dual-comb spectroscopy, and infrared signal detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhi Bao
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR 999078, China
| | - Linqing Zhuo
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information and Sensing Technologies of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Optoelectronic Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- School of Electronics and Information, Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University, Guangzhou 510665, China
| | - Weikang Dong
- 1 Key Lab of Advanced Optoelectronic Quantum Architecture and Measurement (Ministry of Education), Beijing Key Lab of Nanophotonics & Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems, School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Junpo Guo
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR 999078, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR 999078, China
| | - Bingzhe Wang
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR 999078, China
| | - Qi Wei
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Zongyu Huang
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Energy Materials and Devices, School of Physics and Optoelectronic, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, China
| | - Jianding Li
- Huzhou Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, China
| | - Jingjun Shen
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR 999078, China
| | - Jianhui Yu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information and Sensing Technologies of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Optoelectronic Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zhaogang Nie
- School of Physics & Photoelectric Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Wencai Ren
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Guanyu Liu
- School of Physics & Photoelectric Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Guichuan Xing
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR 999078, China
| | - Huaiyu Shao
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR 999078, China
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Liu Y, Sun J, Tong L, Li Y, Deng T. High-performance one-dimensional MOSFET array photodetectors in the 0.8-µm standard CMOS process. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:43706-43717. [PMID: 36523063 DOI: 10.1364/oe.475687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports a series of novel photodetectors based on one-dimensional array of metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs), which were fabricated using the standard 0.8-µm complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) process. Normally, the metal fingers of MOSFET must be manufactured above active region in standard CMOS process, causing MOSFET insensitive to light. The proposed photodetectors use the metal fingers of MOSFETs in a one-dimensional array to form periodical slit structures, which make the transmittance of incident light higher, due to the surface plasmons (SPs) resonance effect. The number of parallel MOSFETs in one-dimensional array is 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11. The experimental results show that all responsivities (Rv) are greater than 103 A/W within visible and near-infrared spectra under room temperature and a maximum value of 1.40 × 105 A/W is achieved, which is at least one order of magnitude larger than those of published photodetectors. Furthermore, a minimum noise equivalent power (NEP) of 5.86 fW/Hz0.5 at 30 Hz and a maximum detectivity (D*) of 2.21 × 1013 Jones are obtained. The photodetectors still have good signal-to-noise ratio when the bandwidth is 1 GHz. At the same time, the optical scanning imaging was completed by utilizing the photodetectors. This combination of high Rv, excellent NEP, high speed and broad spectrum range photodetectors will be widely used in imaging systems.
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Lien MR, Wang N, Wu J, Soibel A, Gunapala SD, Wang H, Povinelli ML. Resonant Grating-Enhanced Black Phosphorus Mid-Wave Infrared Photodetector. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:8704-8710. [PMID: 36287194 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c03469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Black phosphorus (BP) has emerged as a promising materials system for mid-wave infrared photodetection because of its moderate bandgap, high carrier mobility, substrate compatibility, and bandgap tunability. However, its uniquely tunable bandgap can only be taken advantage of with thin layer thicknesses, which ultimately limits the optical absorption of a BP photodetector. This work demonstrates an absorption-boosting resonant metal-insulator-metal (MIM) metasurface grating integrated with a thin-film BP photodetector. We designed and fabricated different MIM gratings and characterized their spectral properties. Then, we show that an MIM structure increased room temperature responsivity from 12 to 77 mA W-1 at 3.37 μm when integrated with a thin-film BP photodetector. Our results show that MIM structures simultaneously increase mid-wave infrared absorption and responsivity in a thin-film BP photodetector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max R Lien
- Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Nan Wang
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Jiangbin Wu
- Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Alexander Soibel
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, California 91030, United States
| | - Sarath D Gunapala
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, California 91030, United States
| | - Han Wang
- Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Michelle L Povinelli
- Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
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47
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Liu D, Chen R, Liu F, Zhang J, Zhuang X, Yin Y, Wang M, Sa Z, Wang P, Sun L, Pang Z, Tan Y, Jia Z, Chen M, Yang ZX. Flexible Omnidirectional Self-Powered Photodetectors Enabled by Solution-Processed Two-Dimensional Layered PbI 2 Nanoplates. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:46748-46755. [PMID: 36196627 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c13373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Realizing omnidirectional self-powered photodetectors is central to advancing next-generation portable and smart photodetector systems. However, the traditional omnidirectional photodetector is typically achieved by integrating complex hemispherical microlens on multiple photodetectors, which makes the detection system cumbersome and restricts its application in the portable field. Here, facile and high-performance flexible omnidirectional self-powered photodetectors are achieved by solution-processed two-dimensional (2D) layered PbI2 nanoplates on transparent conducting substrates. Characterization of PbI2 nanoplates microstructural/compositional and their photodetection properties have been systematically characterized. Under the irradiation of a 405 nm laser, the photodetectors exhibit an impressively low dark current of 10-13 A, a high light on/off ratio up to 106, and a fast rise/decay response time of 2/3 ms. Importantly, when light irradiates the photodetector at 5°, it can still maintain high photodetection properties, realizing almost 360° omnidirectional self-powered photodetection. What is more, these self-powered photodetectors exhibit robust omnidirectional photoresponse stability of flexibility even after bending for 1200 cycles. Thus, this work broadens the applicability of 2D layered nanoplates for further extending its applications in advanced optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Liu
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, School of Microelectronics, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Ruichang Chen
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, School of Microelectronics, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Fengjing Liu
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, School of Microelectronics, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, School of Microelectronics, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Xinming Zhuang
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, School of Microelectronics, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Yanxue Yin
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, School of Microelectronics, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Mingxu Wang
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, School of Microelectronics, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Zixu Sa
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, School of Microelectronics, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Peng Wang
- College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Li Sun
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, School of Microelectronics, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Zhiyong Pang
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, School of Microelectronics, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Yang Tan
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, School of Microelectronics, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Zhitai Jia
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, School of Microelectronics, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Ming Chen
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, School of Microelectronics, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Zai-Xing Yang
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, School of Microelectronics, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
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48
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Zhao J, Jin X, Yao C, Zeng H. First-principles study of O-functionalized two-dimensional AsP monolayers: electronic structure, mechanical, piezoelectric, and optical properties. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 34:015201. [PMID: 36162330 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac94db] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Using density functional theory, we investigated the geometrical properties, electronic structures, carrier mobilities, piezoelectric coefficients, and optical absorption behaviors of three O-functionalizedβ-phase AsP structures (b-AsPO-FO, b-AsPO-As-SO and b-AsPO-P-SO). It is shown that three O-functionalized monolayers are all indirect semiconductors with bandgaps of 0.21, 0.67, and 0.80 eV, respectively. Our calculations demonstrated that the pristine AsP monolayer and these O-functionalized AsP monolayers have strongly anisotropic carrier mobilities, allowing their potential applications for in-plane anisotropic electronic device. The bandgaps of three functionalized nanomaterials exhibit non-monotonic variations under the biaxial strains changing from -0.10 to +0.10, all experiencing metal-indirect bandgap-direct bandgap transition. The calculated in-plane Young's modulus results suggest that they are fairly flexible to allow the application of large elastic strains on the chemically functionalized AsP monolayers. Furthermore, the b-AsPO-FO monolayer exhibits excellent anisotropic light-harvesting behavior (absorption peak: 2.36 and 2.76 eV alongxand 2.37 eV alongydirection) in visible light region. The b-AsPO-As-SO and b-AsPO-P-SO monolayers have strong absorption peak at 2.60 eV and 2.87 eV, respectively. The tunable electronic structures, anisotropic carrier mobility, and excellent optical absorption properties may facilitate practical applications of O-functionalized b-AsP monolayers in nanoelectronics and photovoltaics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhao
- New Energy Technology Engineering Laboratory of Jiangsu Province & School of Science, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuehu Jin
- New Energy Technology Engineering Laboratory of Jiangsu Province & School of Science, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Can Yao
- New Energy Technology Engineering Laboratory of Jiangsu Province & School of Science, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Zeng
- School of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, People's Republic of China
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49
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Jiang J, Xu Y, Zhang X. Tunable Schottky and ohmic contacts in the Ti 2NF 2/α-Te van der Waals heterostructure. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:21388-21395. [PMID: 36047321 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp02054h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two dimensional α-Te holds great promise in optoelectronic devices because of its high mobility and excellent environmental stability. In this study, the electronic structures and interfacial contact characteristics of the Ti2NF2/α-Te van der Waals heterostructure are investigated by means of first-principles calculations. It is found that p-type Schottky contacts with a Schottky barrier (SB) of 0.21 eV are formed at the Ti2NF2/α-Te interface. By applying external electric fields or controlling the interlayer coupling between the Ti2NF2 and α-Te monolayers, the SB height can be effectively tuned, and all the n-type Schottky, p-type Schottky, n-type ohmic and p-type ohmic contacts can be achieved. Such an extremely high tunability is further found to be closely associated with the charge transfer at the interface, as well as the interface dipole and the potential step. Our results provide an avenue for the design of future α-Te-based electronic devices with high performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Jiang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Memory Materials and Devices, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Yiguo Xu
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Xiuwen Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Memory Materials and Devices, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
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50
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Wang F, Liu Z, Zhang T, Long M, Wang X, Xie R, Ge H, Wang H, Hou J, Gu Y, Hu X, Song Z, Wang S, Dong Q, Liao K, Tu Y, Han T, Li F, Zhang Z, Hou X, Wang S, Li L, Zhang X, Zhao D, Shan C, Shan L, Hu W. Fully Depleted Self-Aligned Heterosandwiched Van Der Waals Photodetectors. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2203283. [PMID: 35972840 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202203283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Room-temperature-operating highly sensitive mid-wavelength infrared (MWIR) photodetectors are utilized in a large number of important applications, including night vision, communications, and optical radar. Many previous studies have demonstrated uncooled MWIR photodetectors using 2D narrow-bandgap semiconductors. To date, most of these works have utilized atomically thin flakes, simple van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures, or atomically thin p-n junctions as absorbers, which have difficulty in meeting the requirements for state-of-the-art MWIR photodetectors with a blackbody response. Here, a fully depleted self-aligned MoS2 -BP-MoS2 vdW heterostructure sandwiched between two electrodes is reported. This new type of photodetector exhibits competitive performance, including a high blackbody peak photoresponsivity up to 0.77 A W-1 and low noise-equivalent power of 2.0 × 10-14 W Hz-1/2 , in the MWIR region. A peak specific detectivity of 8.61 × 1010 cm Hz1/2 W-1 under blackbody radiation is achieved at room temperature in the MWIR region. Importantly, the effective detection range of the device is twice that of state-of-the-art MWIR photodetectors. Furthermore, the device presents an ultrafast response of ≈4 µs both in the visible and short-wavelength infrared bands. These results provide an ideal platform for realizing broadband and highly sensitive room-temperature MWIR photodetectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, 111 Jiu Long Road, Hefei, 230601, China
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200083, China
| | - Zhiyi Liu
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, 111 Jiu Long Road, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200083, China
| | - Mingsheng Long
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, 111 Jiu Long Road, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Xiuxiu Wang
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, 111 Jiu Long Road, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Runzhang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200083, China
| | - Haonan Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200083, China
| | - Hao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200083, China
| | - Jie Hou
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, 111 Jiu Long Road, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Yue Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200083, China
| | - Xin Hu
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, 111 Jiu Long Road, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Ze Song
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, 111 Jiu Long Road, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Suofu Wang
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, 111 Jiu Long Road, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Qingsong Dong
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, 111 Jiu Long Road, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Kecai Liao
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, 111 Jiu Long Road, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Yubing Tu
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, 111 Jiu Long Road, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Tao Han
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, 111 Jiu Long Road, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Feng Li
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, 111 Jiu Long Road, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Zongyuan Zhang
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, 111 Jiu Long Road, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Xingyuan Hou
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, 111 Jiu Long Road, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Shaoliang Wang
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, 111 Jiu Long Road, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Liang Li
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, 111 Jiu Long Road, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Xueao Zhang
- College of Physical Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Dongxu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Applications, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 3888 Dongnanhu Road, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Chongxin Shan
- Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, School of Physics and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Lei Shan
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, 111 Jiu Long Road, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Weida Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200083, China
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