1
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Zhao M, Huang S, Zhang Q, Wei Y, Tao Z, Wang C, Zhao Y, Zhang X, Dong J, Wang L, Chen C, Wang T, Li P. The plant terpenes DMNT and TMTT function as signaling compounds that attract Asian corn borer (Ostrinia furnacalis) to maize plants. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 39171839 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
During their co-evolution with herbivorous insects, plants have developed multiple defense strategies that resist pests, such as releasing a blend of herbivory-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) that repel pests or recruit their natural enemies. However, the responses of insects to HIPVs in maize (Zea mays L.) are not well understood. Here, we demonstrate that the Asian corn borer (ACB, Ostrinia furnacalis), a major insect pest of maize, shows a preference for maize pre-infested with ACB larvae rather than being repelled by these plants. Through combined transcriptomic and metabolomics analysis of ACB-infested maize seedlings, we identified two substances that explain this behavior: (E)-4,8-dimethylnona-1,3,7-triene (DMNT) and (3E,7E)-4,8,12-trimethyltrideca-1,3,7,11-tetraene (TMTT). DMNT and TMTT attracted ACB larvae, and knocking out the maize genes responsible for their biosynthesis via gene editing impaired this attraction. External supplementation with DMNT/TMTT hampered the larvae's ability to locate pre-infested maize. These findings uncover a novel role for DMNT and TMTT in driving the behavior of ACB. Genetic modification of maize to make it less detectable by ACB might be an effective strategy for developing maize germplasm resistant to ACB and for managing this pest effectively in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjie Zhao
- The National Key Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, The School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
- Center for Crop Pest Detection and Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Shijie Huang
- The National Key Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, The School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
- Center for Crop Pest Detection and Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Qingyang Zhang
- The National Key Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, The School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
- Center for Crop Pest Detection and Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Yuming Wei
- The School of Tea and Food Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Zhen Tao
- The National Key Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, The School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
- Center for Crop Pest Detection and Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Chuanhong Wang
- The National Key Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, The School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
- Center for Crop Pest Detection and Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Yibing Zhao
- The National Key Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, The School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
- Center for Crop Pest Detection and Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Xinqiao Zhang
- The National Key Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, The School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
- Center for Crop Pest Detection and Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Jinghui Dong
- The National Key Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, The School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
- Center for Crop Pest Detection and Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Ling Wang
- The National Key Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, The School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
- Center for Crop Pest Detection and Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Chen Chen
- The National Key Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, The School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Tengyue Wang
- The National Key Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, The School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
- Center for Crop Pest Detection and Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Peijin Li
- The National Key Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, The School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
- Center for Crop Pest Detection and Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
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2
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Gimonneau G, Buatois B, Lapeyre B, Wendemanegde Salou E, Sanon N, Ranaivoarisoa A, Roux O, Dormont L. Identification of Semiochemical Candidates Involved in Glossina Palpalis Gambiensis Larviposition Site Selection and Behavioural Responses of Adult Gravid Females. J Chem Ecol 2024:10.1007/s10886-024-01524-8. [PMID: 38896387 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-024-01524-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Tsetse flies (Diptera: Glossinidae) are the cyclical vectors of human and animal trypanosomes. This viviparous insect develops and produces a single larva at 10-day intervals deposited in specific sites. In some species aggregation of larvae has been shown and seems to be mediated by both physical factors and volatile semiochemicals of larval origin. In this context, this study aims to identify chemicals emitted during the pupariation process in Glossina palpalis gambiensis. Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) emitted by larvae were identified using static headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas-chromatography mass-spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. Electrophysiology and behavioural assays were performed on gravid females to confirm VOCs behavioural activity and attractiveness. GC-MS results revealed ten chemicals emitted during the pupariation process of G. p. gambiensis larvae. Among these chemicals, gravid females were shown to detect nine of them during coupled gas chromatography - electroantennographic detection tests. Behavioural assays highlighted two compounds were as attractive as pupae and one compound and a blend of four compounds were more attractive than pupae. Although the larval origin of some of them needs to be confirmed as they may also likely produced by micro-organisms, these compounds induced significant behavioural responses in the laboratory. Further experiments have to explore the biological activity and competitiveness of these compounds in the field. This work opens interesting opportunities for behavioural manipulation and control of tsetse flies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey Gimonneau
- Centre International de Recherche - Développement sur l'Elevage en zone subhumide, BP 454, Bobo-Dioulasso 01, Burkina Faso.
- CIRAD, UMR INTERTRYP, Montpellier, F-34398, France.
- INTERTRYP, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, IRD, Montpellier, France.
| | - Bruno Buatois
- CEFE, Université Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Benoit Lapeyre
- CEFE, Université Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Ernest Wendemanegde Salou
- Centre International de Recherche - Développement sur l'Elevage en zone subhumide, BP 454, Bobo-Dioulasso 01, Burkina Faso
- Département de Sciences biologiques/UFR-ST, Université Polytechnique de Bobo - Dioulasso (UPB), Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Nadege Sanon
- Centre International de Recherche - Développement sur l'Elevage en zone subhumide, BP 454, Bobo-Dioulasso 01, Burkina Faso
| | - Annick Ranaivoarisoa
- CIRAD, UMR INTERTRYP, Montpellier, F-34398, France
- INTERTRYP, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Olivier Roux
- MIVEGEC, IRD, CNRS, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Laurent Dormont
- CEFE, Université Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
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3
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Waterman JM, Cofer TM, Wang L, Glauser G, Erb M. High-resolution kinetics of herbivore-induced plant volatile transfer reveal clocked response patterns in neighboring plants. eLife 2024; 12:RP89855. [PMID: 38385996 PMCID: PMC10942584 DOI: 10.7554/elife.89855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Volatiles emitted by herbivore-attacked plants (senders) can enhance defenses in neighboring plants (receivers), however, the temporal dynamics of this phenomenon remain poorly studied. Using a custom-built, high-throughput proton transfer reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometry (PTR-ToF-MS) system, we explored temporal patterns of volatile transfer and responses between herbivore-attacked and undamaged maize plants. We found that continuous exposure to natural blends of herbivore-induced volatiles results in clocked temporal response patterns in neighboring plants, characterized by an induced terpene burst at the onset of the second day of exposure. This delayed burst is not explained by terpene accumulation during the night, but coincides with delayed jasmonate accumulation in receiver plants. The delayed burst occurs independent of day:night light transitions and cannot be fully explained by sender volatile dynamics. Instead, it is the result of a stress memory from volatile exposure during the first day and secondary exposure to bioactive volatiles on the second day. Our study reveals that prolonged exposure to natural blends of stress-induced volatiles results in a response that integrates priming and direct induction into a distinct and predictable temporal response pattern. This provides an answer to the long-standing question of whether stress volatiles predominantly induce or prime plant defenses in neighboring plants, by revealing that they can do both in sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lei Wang
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Gaetan Glauser
- Neuchâtel Platform of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of NeuchâtelNeuchâtelSwitzerland
| | - Matthias Erb
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of BernBernSwitzerland
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4
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Leclerc L, Nguyen TH, Duval P, Mariotti V, Petitot AS, Orjuela J, Ogier JC, Gaudriault S, Champion A, Nègre N. Early transcriptomic responses of rice leaves to herbivory by Spodoptera frugiperda. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2836. [PMID: 38310172 PMCID: PMC10838271 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53348-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024] Open
Abstract
During herbivory, chewing insects deposit complex oral secretions (OS) onto the plant wound. Understanding how plants respond to the different cues of herbivory remains an active area of research. In this study, we used an herbivory-mimick experiment to investigate the early transcriptional response of rice plants leaves to wounding, OS, and OS microbiota from Spodoptera frugiperda larvae. Wounding induced a massive early response associated to hormones such as jasmonates. This response switched drastically upon OS treatment indicating the activation of OS specific pathways. When comparing native and dysbiotic OS treatments, we observed few gene regulation. This suggests that in addition to wounding the early response in rice is mainly driven by the insect compounds of the OS rather than microbial. However, microbiota affected genes encoding key phytohormone synthesis enzymes, suggesting an additional modulation of plant response by OS microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Nicolas Nègre
- DGIMI, Univ Montpellier, INRAE, Montpellier, France.
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5
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Wilberts L, Vuts J, Caulfield JC, Thomas G, Withall DM, Wäckers F, Birkett MA, Jacquemyn H, Lievens B. Effects of root inoculation of entomopathogenic fungi on olfactory-mediated behavior and life-history traits of the parasitoid Aphidius ervi (Haliday) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024; 80:307-316. [PMID: 37682693 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although most biological control programs use multiple biological agents to manage pest species, to date only a few programs have combined the use of agents from different guilds. Using sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.), the entomopathogenic fungus Akanthomyces muscarius ARSEF 5128, the tobacco peach aphid Myzus persicae var. nicotianae and the aphid parasitoid Aphidius ervi as the experimental model, we explored whether root inoculation with an entomopathogenic fungus is compatible with parasitoid wasps for enhanced biocontrol of aphids. RESULTS In dual-choice behavior experiments, A. ervi was significantly attracted to the odor of M. persicae-infested C. annuum plants that had been inoculated with A. muscarius, compared to noninoculated infested plants. There was no significant difference in attraction to the odor of uninfested plants. Myzus persicae-infested plants inoculated with A. muscarius emitted significantly higher amounts of indole, (E)-nerolidol, (3E,7E)-4,8,12-trimethyltrideca-1,3,7,11-tetraene and one unidentified terpene compared to noninoculated infested plants. Coupled gas chromatography-electroantennography, using the antennae of A. ervi, confirmed the physiological activity of these elevated compounds. Inoculation of plants with A. muscarius did not affect parasitism rate nor parasitoid longevity, but significantly increased the speed of mummy formation in parasitized aphids on fungus-inoculated plants. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that root inoculation of C. annuum with A. muscarius ARSEF 5128 alters the olfactory-mediated behavior of parasitoids, but has little effect on parasitism efficiency or life-history parameters. However, increased attraction of parasitoids towards M. persicae-infested plants when inoculated by entomopathogenic fungi can accelerate host localization and hence improve biocontrol efficacy. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liesbet Wilberts
- CMPG Laboratory for Process Microbial Ecology and Bioinspirational Management, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Leuven Plant Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - József Vuts
- Protecting Crops and the Environment, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, UK
| | - John C Caulfield
- Protecting Crops and the Environment, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, UK
| | - Gareth Thomas
- Protecting Crops and the Environment, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, UK
| | - David M Withall
- Protecting Crops and the Environment, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, UK
| | - Felix Wäckers
- Biobest, Westerlo, Belgium
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Michael A Birkett
- Protecting Crops and the Environment, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, UK
| | - Hans Jacquemyn
- Leuven Plant Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Plant Conservation and Population Biology, Biology Department, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bart Lievens
- CMPG Laboratory for Process Microbial Ecology and Bioinspirational Management, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Leuven Plant Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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6
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Zhao SW, Pan Y, Wang Z, Wang X, Wang S, Xi JH. 1-nonene plays an important role in the response of maize-aphid-ladybird tritrophic interactions to nitrogen. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 14:1296915. [PMID: 38259937 PMCID: PMC10800950 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1296915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Plant volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are the key distress signals involved in tritrophic interactions, by which plants recruit predators to protect themselves from herbivores. However, the effect of nitrogen fertilization on VOCs that mediate tritrophic interactions remains largely unidentified. In this study, a maize (Zea mays)-aphid (Rhopalosiphum padi)-ladybird (Harmonia axyridis) tritrophic interaction model was constructed under high-nitrogen (HN) and low-nitrogen (LN) regimens. H. axyridis had a stronger tendency to be attracted by aphid-infested maize under HN conditions. Then, volatiles were collected and identified from maize leaves on which aphids had fed. All of the HN-induced volatiles (HNIVs) elicited an electroantennogram (EAG) response from H. axyridis. Of these HNIVs, 1-nonene was attractive to H. axyridis under simulated natural volatilization. Furthermore, our regression showed that the release of 1-nonene was positively correlated with H. axyridis visitation rates. Supplying 1-nonene to maize on which aphids had fed under LN enhanced attractiveness to H. axyridis. These results supported the conclusion that 1-nonene was the active compound that mediated the response to nitrogen in the tritrophic interaction. In addition, the 1-nonene synthesis pathway was hypothesized, and we found that the release of 1-nonene might be related to the presence of salicylic acid (SA) and abscisic acid (ABA). This research contributes to the development of novel environmentally friendly strategies to optimize nitrogen fertilizer application and to improve pest control in maize crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Wen Zhao
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yu Pan
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhun Wang
- Plant Quarantine Laboratory, Changchun Customs Technology Center, Changchun, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shang Wang
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jing-Hui Xi
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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7
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Milonas PG, Anastasaki E, Psoma A, Partsinevelos G, Fragkopoulos GN, Kektsidou O, Vassilakos N, Kapranas A. Plant viruses induce plant volatiles that are detected by aphid parasitoids. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8721. [PMID: 37253808 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35946-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Aphis gossypii (Sternorrhyncha: Aphididae) aphids are vectors of important plant viruses among which cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) and potato virus Y (PVY). Virus-infected plants attract aphid vectors and affect their behavior and growth performance either positively or negatively depending on mode of transmission. Viruses cause changes in the composition and the amount of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) released by the plant that attract aphids. The aphid parasitoid Aphidius colemani (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) has been shown to have higher parasitism and survival rates on aphids fed on virus-infected than aphids fed on non-infected plants. We hypothesized that parasitoids distinguish virus-infected plants and are attracted to them regardless of the presence of their aphid hosts. Herein, we examined the attraction of the A. colemani parasitoid to infected pepper plants with each of CMV or PVY without the presence of aphids. The dynamic headspace technique was used to collect VOCs from non-infected and CMV or PVY-infected pepper plants. Identification was performed with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The response of the parasitoids on virus-infected vs non-infected pepper plants was tested by Y-tube olfactometer assays. The results revealed that parasitoids displayed a preference to CMV and PVY infected plants compared to those that were not infected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis G Milonas
- Scientific Directorate of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 8 Stefanou Delta Street, 14561, Kifissia, Greece.
| | - Eirini Anastasaki
- Scientific Directorate of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 8 Stefanou Delta Street, 14561, Kifissia, Greece
| | - Aikaterini Psoma
- Scientific Directorate of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 8 Stefanou Delta Street, 14561, Kifissia, Greece
| | - Georgios Partsinevelos
- Scientific Directorate of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 8 Stefanou Delta Street, 14561, Kifissia, Greece
| | - Georgios N Fragkopoulos
- Scientific Directorate of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 8 Stefanou Delta Street, 14561, Kifissia, Greece
| | - Oxana Kektsidou
- Scientific Directorate of Phytopahtology, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 8 Stefanou Delta Street, 14561, Kifissia, Greece
| | - Nikon Vassilakos
- Scientific Directorate of Phytopahtology, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 8 Stefanou Delta Street, 14561, Kifissia, Greece
| | - Apostolos Kapranas
- Laboratory of Applied Zoology and Parasitology, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24, Thessaloníki, Greece
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8
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Munawar A, Xu Y, Abou El-Ela AS, Zhang Y, Zhong J, Mao Z, Chen X, Guo H, Zhang C, Sun Y, Zhu Z, Baldwin IT, Zhou W. Tissue-specific regulation of volatile emissions moves predators from flowers to attacked leaves. Curr Biol 2023:S0960-9822(23)00556-0. [PMID: 37224808 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.04.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Plant-predator mutualisms have been widely described in nature.1,2 How plants fine-tune their mutualistic interactions with the predators they recruit remains poorly understood. In the wild potato (Solanum kurtzianum), predatory mites, Neoseiulus californicus, are recruited to flowers of undamaged plants but rapidly move downward when the herbivorous mites, Tetranychus urticae, damage leaves. This "up-down" movement within the plant corresponds to the shift of N. californicus from palynivory to carnivory, as they change from feeding on pollen to herbivores when moving between different plant organs. This up-down movement of N. californicus is mediated by the organ-specific emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in flowers and herbivory-elicited leaves. Experiments with exogenous applications, biosynthetic inhibitors, and transient RNAi revealed that salicylic acid and jasmonic acid signaling in flowers and leaves mediates both the changes in VOC emissions and the up-down movement of N. californicus. This alternating communication between flowers and leaves mediated by organ-specific VOC emissions was also found in a cultivated variety of potato, suggesting the agronomic potential of using flowers as reservoirs of natural enemies in the control of potato pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asim Munawar
- Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens, Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yi Xu
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Amr S Abou El-Ela
- Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens, Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Alexandria 21531, Egypt
| | - Yadong Zhang
- Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens, Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jian Zhong
- Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens, Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhiyao Mao
- Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens, Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xuan Chen
- Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens, Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Han Guo
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens, Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yiqiao Sun
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Universitätstrasse 6, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Zengrong Zhu
- Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens, Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ian T Baldwin
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Str. 8, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Wenwu Zhou
- Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens, Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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9
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Escobar-Bravo R, Lin PA, Waterman JM, Erb M. Dynamic environmental interactions shaped by vegetative plant volatiles. Nat Prod Rep 2023; 40:840-865. [PMID: 36727645 PMCID: PMC10132087 DOI: 10.1039/d2np00061j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Covering: up to November 2022Plants shape terrestrial ecosystems through physical and chemical interactions. Plant-derived volatile organic compounds in particular influence the behavior and performance of other organisms. In this review, we discuss how vegetative plant volatiles derived from leaves, stems and roots are produced and released into the environment, how their production and release is modified by abiotic and biotic factors, and how they influence other organisms. Vegetative plant volatiles are derived from different biosynthesis and degradation pathways and are released via distinct routes. Both biosynthesis and release are regulated by other organisms as well as abiotic factors. In turn, vegetative plant volatiles modify the physiology and the behavior of a wide range of organisms, from microbes to mammals. Several concepts and frameworks can help to explain and predict the evolution and ecology of vegetative plant volatile emission patterns of specific pathways: multifunctionality of specialized metabolites, chemical communication displays and the information arms race, and volatile physiochemistry. We discuss how these frameworks can be leveraged to understand the evolution and expression patterns of vegetative plant volatiles. The multifaceted roles of vegetative plant volatiles provide fertile grounds to understand ecosystem dynamics and harness their power for sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Po-An Lin
- Department of Entomology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jamie M Waterman
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Matthias Erb
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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10
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Wright C, Helms AM, Bernal JS, Grunseich JM, Medina RF. Aphelinus nigritus Howard (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) Preference for Sorghum Aphid, Melanaphis sorghi (Theobald, 1904) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), Honeydew Is Stronger in Johnson Grass, Sorghum halepense, Than in Grain Sorghum, Sorghum bicolor. INSECTS 2022; 14:10. [PMID: 36661939 PMCID: PMC9862272 DOI: 10.3390/insects14010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
How aphid parasitoids of recent invasive species interact with their hosts can affect the feasibility of biological control. In this study, we focus on a recent invasive pest of US grain sorghum, Sorghum bicolor, the sorghum aphid (SA), Melanaphis sorghi. Understanding this pest's ecology in the grain sorghum agroecosystem is critical to develop effective control strategies. As parasitoids often use aphid honeydew as a sugar resource, and honeydew is known to mediate parasitoid-aphid interactions, we investigated the ability of SA honeydew to retain the parasitoid Aphelinus nigritus. Since SAs in the US have multiple plant hosts, and host-plant diet can modulate parasitoid retention (a major component in host foraging), we measured SA honeydew sugar, organic acid, and amino acid profiles, then assessed via retention time A. nigritus preference for honeydew produced on grain sorghum or Johnson grass, Sorghum halepense. Compared to a water control, A. nigritus spent more time on SA honeydew produced on either host plant. Despite similar honeydew profiles from both plant species, A. nigritus preferred honeydew produced on Johnson grass. Our results suggest the potential for SA honeydew to facilitate augmentation strategies aimed at maintaining A. nigritus on Johnson grass to suppress SAs before grain sorghum is planted.
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Manzano C, Fernandez PC, Hill JG, Luft Albarracin E, Virla EG, Coll Aráoz MV. Chemical Ecology of the host searching behavior in an Egg Parasitoid: are Common Chemical Cues exploited to locate hosts in Taxonomically Distant Plant Species? J Chem Ecol 2022; 48:650-659. [PMID: 35921017 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-022-01373-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Parasitoids are known to exploit volatile cues emitted by plants after herbivore attack to locate their hosts. Feeding and oviposition of a polyphagous herbivore can induce the emission of odor blends that differ among distant plant species, and parasitoids have evolved an incredible ability to discriminate them and locate their hosts relying on olfactive cues. We evaluated the host searching behavior of the egg parasitoid Cosmocomoidea annulicornis (Ogloblin) (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) in response to odors emitted by two taxonomically distant host plants, citrus and Johnson grass, after infestation by the sharpshooter Tapajosa rubromarginata (Signoret) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), vector of Citrus Variegated Chlorosis. Olfactory response of female parasitoids toward plants with no herbivore damage and plants with feeding damage, oviposition damage, and parasitized eggs was tested in a Y-tube olfactometer. In addition, volatiles released by the two host plant species constitutively and under herbivore attack were characterized. Females of C. annulicornis were able to detect and significantly preferred plants with host eggs, irrespectively of plant species. However, wasps were unable to discriminate between plants with healthy eggs and those with eggs previously parasitized by conspecifics. Analysis of plant volatiles induced after sharpshooter attack showed only two common volatiles between the two plant species, indole and β-caryophyllene. Our results suggest that this parasitoid wasp uses common chemical cues released by many different plants after herbivory at long range and, once on the plant, other more specific chemical cues could trigger the final decision to oviposit.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Manzano
- PROIMI - CONICET, Av. Belgrano y Pje. Caseros (T4001MVB), Tucumán, Argentina
| | - P C Fernandez
- Centro de Investigaciones en Hidratos de Carbono, CIHIDECAR-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. San Martin 4453, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - J G Hill
- Facultad de Agronomía, Zootecnia y Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Av. Kirchner 1.900, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - E Luft Albarracin
- PROIMI - CONICET, Av. Belgrano y Pje. Caseros (T4001MVB), Tucumán, Argentina
| | - E G Virla
- PROIMI - CONICET, Av. Belgrano y Pje. Caseros (T4001MVB), Tucumán, Argentina.,Instituto de Entomología, Fundación Miguel Lillo. Miguel Lillo 251, (4000), Tucumán, Argentina
| | - M V Coll Aráoz
- PROIMI - CONICET, Av. Belgrano y Pje. Caseros (T4001MVB), Tucumán, Argentina. .,Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e IML, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Miguel Lillo 205, (4000), Tucumán, Argentina.
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12
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Chen ZL, Huang C, Li XS, Li GC, Yu TH, Fu GJ, Zhang X, Song C, Bai PH, Cao L, Qian WQ, Wan FH, Han RC, Tang R. Behavioural regulator and molecular reception of a double-edge-sword hunter beetle. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:2693-2703. [PMID: 35388600 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The black carabid beetle Calosoma maximoviczi is a successful predator that serves as both a beneficial insect and a severe threat to economic herbivores. Its hunting technique relies heavily on olfaction, but the underlying mechanism has not been studied. Here, we report the electrophysiological, ecological and molecular traits of bioactive components identified from a comprehensive panel of natural odorants in the beetle-prey-plant system. The aim of this work was to investigate olfactory perceptions and their influence on the behaviours of C. maximoviczi. RESULTS Among the 200 identified volatiles, 18 were concentrated in beetle and prey samples, and 14 were concentrated in plants. Insect feeding damage to plants led to a shift in the emission fingerprint. Twelve volatiles were selected using successive electrophysiological tests. Field trials showed that significant sex differences existed when trapping with a single chemical or chemical mixture. Expression profiles indicated that sex-biased catches were related to the expression of 15 annotated CmaxOBPs and 40 CmaxORs across 12 chemosensory organs. In silico evaluations were conducted with 16 CmaxORs using modelling and docking. Better recognition was predicted for the pairs CmaxOR5-(Z)-3-hexenyl acetate, CmaxOR6-β-caryophyllene, CmaxOR18-(E)-β-ocimene and CmaxOR18-tetradecane, with higher binding affinity and a suitable binding pocket. Lastly, 168Y in CmaxOR6 and 142Y in CmaxOR18 were predicted as key amino acid residues for binding β-caryophyllene and tetradecane, respectively. CONCLUSION This work provides an example pipeline for de novo investigation in C. maximoviczi baits and the underlying olfactory perceptions. The results will benefit the future development of trapping-based integrated pest management strategies and the deorphanization of odorant receptors in ground beetles. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeng-Liang Chen
- Sericultural Institute of Liaoning Province, Fengcheng, China
| | - Cong Huang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xi-Sheng Li
- Sericultural Institute of Liaoning Province, Fengcheng, China
| | - Guo-Cheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ting-Hong Yu
- Sericultural Institute of Liaoning Province, Fengcheng, China
| | - Guan-Jun Fu
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ce Song
- Sericultural Institute of Liaoning Province, Fengcheng, China
| | - Peng-Hua Bai
- Institute of Plant Protection, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Li Cao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wan-Qiang Qian
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fang-Hao Wan
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ri-Chou Han
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Tang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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13
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Zhang W, Yu L, Han B, Liu K, Shao X. Mycorrhizal Inoculation Enhances Nutrient Absorption and Induces Insect-Resistant Defense of Elymus nutans. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:898969. [PMID: 35712553 PMCID: PMC9194685 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.898969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The majority of terrestrial plants can form symbiotic associations on their roots with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in the soil to stimulate the growth and nutrient uptake of the host plant and to improve plant resistance to insects and disease. However, the use of AMF for insect control on gramineous forages requires further study. Here, we evaluated the effects of AMF (Funneliformis mosseae) inoculation on the defense against Locusta migratoria attack in Elymus nutans. Inoculation assays showed that mycorrhizal plants had a higher resistance than non-inoculated plants, as evidenced by plants having more plant biomass, a higher nitrogen and phosphorus content, and greater lipoxygenase (LOX) activity. The results of insect damage showed that in addition to a decrease in the enzyme phenylalanine-ammonia-lyase, the activities of other plant defense-related enzymes (including polyphenol oxidase and β-1,3-glucanase) were increased. A key enzyme, LOX, belonging to the jasmonic acid (JA) signaling pathway was notably increased in mycorrhizal treatment. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were identified using gas chromatography mass spectrometry and the results showed that several metabolites with insect-resistant properties, including D-Limonene, p-Xylene, 1,3-Diethylbenzene were detected in mycorrhizal plants. These findings suggest that mycorrhizal inoculation has potential applications in insect management on forage grasses and demonstrates that the JA signaling pathway is essential for insect resistance in Elymus nutans.
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Ali MY, Naseem T, Zhang J, Pan M, Zhang F, Liu TX. Plant Volatiles and Herbivore Induced Plant Volatiles from Chili Pepper Act as Attractant of the Aphid Parasitoid Aphelinus varipes (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae). PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11101350. [PMID: 35631774 PMCID: PMC9145887 DOI: 10.3390/plants11101350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Plants have evolved a number of different chemical defenses, covering nearly all classes of (secondary) metabolites, that represent a major barrier to herbivory: some are constitutive; others are induced after attacks from herbivores (HIPVs) and may elicit the attraction of predators and parasitoids. Here, we studied how the female solitary endoparasitoid Aphelinus varipes responds to plant and host aphid volatiles in a series of experiments on five commercially important vegetables that were either healthy or infested with the aphid Myzus persicae: chili pepper, eggplant, crown daisy, Chinese cabbage and cabbage. The results for the olfactory responses of A. varipes showed that the presence of M. persicae increased the attraction of the endoparasitoid to the infested plants. In a second experiment, volatiles from highly attractive and repellent plants were obtained via headspace collection to investigate volatiles from healthy and aphid-damaged plants. The results for the differences in volatile profiles in response to aphid infestation in chili pepper cultivar were dominated by the volatile blends, including α-pinene, decanal and phthalic acid, while in cabbage they were dominated by isophorone. Moreover, when HIPVs with different concentrations were compared, α-pinene at a dose rate of 100 ng/μL attracted more parasitoids, and the comparison was useful to understand the mechanisms of plant secondary volatiles during aphid infestation and to provide new resources to control this insect pest. Overall our study shows how HIPVs can bolster tritrophic interactions by enhancing the attractiveness of parasitoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Yasir Ali
- Key Laboratory of Insect Ecology and Molecular Biology, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (M.Y.A.); (M.P.)
- MARA-CABI Joint Laboratory for Bio-Safety, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China;
| | - Tayyaba Naseem
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan;
| | - Jinping Zhang
- MARA-CABI Joint Laboratory for Bio-Safety, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China;
| | - Mingzhen Pan
- Key Laboratory of Insect Ecology and Molecular Biology, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (M.Y.A.); (M.P.)
| | - Feng Zhang
- MARA-CABI Joint Laboratory for Bio-Safety, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China;
- Correspondence: (F.Z.); (T.-X.L.)
| | - Tong-Xian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Insect Ecology and Molecular Biology, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (M.Y.A.); (M.P.)
- Correspondence: (F.Z.); (T.-X.L.)
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15
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Guo M, Ren X, Liu Y, Wang G. An Odorant Receptor from the Proboscis of the Cotton Bollworm Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Narrowly Tuned to Indole. INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13040385. [PMID: 35447827 PMCID: PMC9033110 DOI: 10.3390/insects13040385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary Odorant receptors (ORs) are at the core of the high-efficiency and sensitive olfactory system in insects. The expression and specific function of ORs largely contribute to the habits and speciation of one species. Although being predominantly expressed in the antennae, ORs in non-olfactory organs are suggested to have particular roles in promoting the reproduction or host fitness of insects. Our previous work has identified four ORs in the mouthpart organs of Helicoverpa armigera. Here, we amplified the full-length sequences of HarmORs from the proboscis. Further functional characterization suggested that HarmOR30 narrowly tuned to indole, the vital nitrogen-containing compounds that mediate tritrophic interactions. Our study deepens the insight into the olfactory perception of H. armigera, and explored a candidate functional receptor target for studying the interaction between insects and their plant hosts. Abstract Helicoverpa armigera is a serious agricultural pest with polyphagous diets, widespread distribution, and causing severe damage. Among sixty-five candidate ORs in H. armigera, the co-receptor HarmOrco and three specific ORs with partial sequences were identified to be expressed in the proboscis by our previous work, whereas their exact function is not known yet. In this study, we first confirmed the expression of these ORs in the proboscis by full-length cloning, which obtained the complete coding region of HarmOrco, OR24, and OR30. We then performed functional identification of HarmOR24 and OR30 by co-expressing them respectively with HarmOrco in Xenopus oocytes eukaryotic expression system combined with two-electrode voltage-clamp physiology. By testing the response of HarmOR24/OR30-expressing oocytes against eighty structural-divergent compounds, respectively, HarmOR30 was characterized to narrowly tune to indole and showed a specific tuning spectrum compared to its ortholog in Spodoptera littoralis. As indole is a distinctive herbivore-induced plant volatile and floral scent component, HarmOR30 might play roles in foraging and mediating the interactions between H. armigera with its surrounding environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengbo Guo
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China;
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (X.R.); (Y.L.)
| | - Xueting Ren
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (X.R.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (X.R.); (Y.L.)
| | - Guirong Wang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China;
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (X.R.); (Y.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-010-628-16947
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16
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Maurya AK, Pazouki L, Frost CJ. Priming Seeds with Indole and (Z)-3-Hexenyl Acetate Enhances Resistance Against Herbivores and Stimulates Growth. J Chem Ecol 2022; 48:441-454. [PMID: 35394556 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-022-01359-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A striking feature of plant ecology is the ability of plants to detect and respond to environmental cues such as herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) by priming or directly activating defenses against future herbivores. However, whether seeds also respond to compounds that are common constituents of HIPV blends and initiate future plant resistance is unknown. Considering that seeds depend on other environmental cues to determine basic survival traits such as germination timing, we predicted that seeds exposed to synthetic constituents of HIPV blends would generate well-defended plants. We investigated the effect of seed exposure to common volatiles on growth, reproduction, and resistance characteristics in the model plants Arabidopsis thaliana and Medicago truncatula using herbivores from two feeding guilds. After seed scarification and vernalization, we treated seeds with one of seven different plant-derived volatile compounds for 24 h. Seeds were then germinated and the resulting plants were assayed for growth, herbivore resistance, and expression of inducible defense genes. Of all the synthetic volatiles tested, indole specifically reduced both beet armyworm growth on A. thaliana and pea aphid fecundity on M. truncatula. The induction of defense genes was not affected by seed exposure to indole in either plant species, indicating that activation of direct resistance rather than inducible resistance is the mechanism by which seed priming operates. Moreover, neither plant species showed any negative effect of seed exposure to any synthetic volatile on vegetative and reproductive growth. Rather, M. truncatula plants derived from seeds exposed to (Z)-3-hexanol and (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate grew larger compared to controls. Our results indicate that seeds are sensitive to specific volatiles in ways that enhance resistance profiles with no apparent costs in terms of growth. Seed priming by HIPVs may represent a novel ecological mechanism of plant-to-plant interactions, with broad potential applications in agriculture and seed conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhinav K Maurya
- Department of Biology, University of Louisville, 40292, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Leila Pazouki
- Department of Biology, University of Louisville, 40292, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Christopher J Frost
- Department of Biology, University of Louisville, 40292, Louisville, KY, USA. .,BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, 85721, Tucson, AZ, USA.
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Escobar‐Bravo R, Schimmel BCJ, Glauser G, Klinkhamer PGL, Erb M. Leafminer attack accelerates the development of soil-dwelling conspecific pupae via plant-mediated changes in belowground volatiles. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 234:280-294. [PMID: 35028947 PMCID: PMC9305468 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Herbivore population dynamics are strongly influenced by the interactions established through their shared host. Such plant-mediated interactions can occur between different herbivore species and different life developmental stages of the same herbivore. However, whether these interactions occur between leaf-feeding herbivores and their soil-dwelling pupae is unknown. We studied whether tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) leaf herbivory by the American serpentine leafminer Liriomyza trifolii affects the performance of conspecific pupae exposed to the soil headspace of the plant. To gain mechanistic insights, we performed insect bioassays with the jasmonate-deficient tomato mutant def-1 and its wild-type, along with phytohormones, gene expression and root volatiles analyses. Belowground volatiles accelerated leafminer metamorphosis when wild-type plants were attacked aboveground by conspecifics. The opposite pattern was observed for def-1 plants, in which aboveground herbivory slowed metamorphosis. Leafminer attack induced jasmonate and abscisic acid accumulation and modulated volatile production in tomato roots in a def-1-dependent manner. Our results demonstrate that aboveground herbivory triggers changes in root defence signalling and expression, which can directly or indirectly via changes in soil or microbial volatiles, alter pupal development time. This finding expands the repertoire of plant-herbivore interactions to herbivory-induced modulation of metamorphosis, with potential consequences for plant and herbivore community dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Escobar‐Bravo
- Institute of Plant SciencesUniversity of BernBern3013Switzerland
- Institute of Biology of LeidenLeiden UniversityLeiden2333 BEthe Netherlands
| | | | - Gaétan Glauser
- Neuchâtel Platform of Analytical ChemistryUniversity of NeuchâtelNeuchâtel2000Switzerland
| | | | - Matthias Erb
- Institute of Plant SciencesUniversity of BernBern3013Switzerland
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Resistance Management through Brassica Crop–TuMV–Aphid Interactions: Retrospect and Prospects. HORTICULTURAE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae8030247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) is an important threat to the yield and quality of brassica crops in China, and has brought serious losses to brassica crops in the Far East, including China and the north. Aphids (Hemiptera, Aphidoidea) are the main mediators of TuMV transmission in field production, and not only have strong virus transmission ability (small individuals, strong concealment, and strong fecundity), but are also influenced by the environment, making them difficult to control. Till now, there have been few studies on the resistance to aphids in brassica crops, which depended mainly on pesticide control in agriculture production. However, the control effect was temporarily effective, which also brought environmental pollution, pesticide residues in food products, and destroyed the ecological balance. This study reviews the relationship among brassica crop–TuMV, TuMV–aphid, and brassica crop–aphid interactions, and reveals the influence factors (light, temperature, and CO2 concentration) on brassica crop–TuMV–aphid interactions, summarizing the current research status and main scientific problems about brassica crop–TuMV–aphid interactions. It may provide theoretical guidance for opening up new ways of aphid and TuMV management in brassica crops.
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Song GC, Jeon JS, Sim HJ, Lee S, Jung J, Kim SG, Moon SY, Ryu CM. Dual functionality of natural mixtures of bacterial volatile compounds on plant growth. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:571-583. [PMID: 34679179 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Bacteria emit volatile compounds that modulate plant growth. Previous studies reported the impacts of bacterial volatile compounds on plant growth; however, the results varied depending on bacterial nutrient availability. We investigated whether the effects of plant growth-inhibiting volatiles (PGIVs) and plant growth-promoting volatiles (PGPVs) depended on the perceived dose by evaluating the growth of Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings placed at 7, 14, and 21 cm away from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens GB03 colonies growing in rich medium. A large bacterial colony (500 μl inoculum) inhibited plant growth at 7 cm and promoted growth at 21 cm, whereas a small bacterial colony (100 μl inoculum) induced the opposite pattern of response. We identified pyrazine and 2,5-dimethylpyrazine as candidate PGIVs that significantly reduced plant growth at a distance of 7 cm. PGIV effects were validated by exposing plants to synthetic 2,5-dimethylpyrazine and bacteria emitting PGPVs, which showed that PGIVs overwhelm PGPVs to rapidly increase salicylic acid content and related gene expression. This is referred to as the defence-growth trade-off. Our results indicate that high PGIV concentrations suppress plant growth and promote immunity, whereas low PGPV concentrations promote growth. This study provides novel insights into the complex effects of bacterial volatile mixtures and fine-tuning of bacteria-plant interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geun Cheol Song
- Molecular Phytobacteriology Laboratory, KRIBB, Daejeon 34141, S. Korea
| | - Je-Seung Jeon
- Molecular Phytobacteriology Laboratory, KRIBB, Daejeon 34141, S. Korea
| | - Hee-Jung Sim
- Center for Genome Engineering, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, S. Korea
- Environmental Safety Assessment Center, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), 17 Jegok-gil, Munsan-eup, Jinju 52834, South Korea
| | - Soohyun Lee
- Molecular Phytobacteriology Laboratory, KRIBB, Daejeon 34141, S. Korea
| | - Jihye Jung
- Molecular Phytobacteriology Laboratory, KRIBB, Daejeon 34141, S. Korea
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Sang-Gyu Kim
- Center for Genome Engineering, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, S. Korea
| | - Sun Young Moon
- Center for Genome Engineering, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, S. Korea
| | - Choong-Min Ryu
- Molecular Phytobacteriology Laboratory, KRIBB, Daejeon 34141, S. Korea
- Biosystems and Bioengineering Program, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, S. Korea
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Huber M, Roder T, Irmisch S, Riedel A, Gablenz S, Fricke J, Rahfeld P, Reichelt M, Paetz C, Liechti N, Hu L, Bont Z, Meng Y, Huang W, Robert CA, Gershenzon J, Erb M. A beta-glucosidase of an insect herbivore determines both toxicity and deterrence of a dandelion defense metabolite. eLife 2021; 10:68642. [PMID: 34632981 PMCID: PMC8504966 DOI: 10.7554/elife.68642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut enzymes can metabolize plant defense compounds and thereby affect the growth and fitness of insect herbivores. Whether these enzymes also influence feeding preference is largely unknown. We studied the metabolization of taraxinic acid β-D-glucopyranosyl ester (TA-G), a sesquiterpene lactone of the common dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) that deters its major root herbivore, the common cockchafer larva (Melolontha melolontha). We have demonstrated that TA-G is rapidly deglucosylated and conjugated to glutathione in the insect gut. A broad-spectrum M. melolontha β-glucosidase, Mm_bGlc17, is sufficient and necessary for TA-G deglucosylation. Using cross-species RNA interference, we have shown that Mm_bGlc17 reduces TA-G toxicity. Furthermore, Mm_bGlc17 is required for the preference of M. melolontha larvae for TA-G-deficient plants. Thus, herbivore metabolism modulates both the toxicity and deterrence of a plant defense compound. Our work illustrates the multifaceted roles of insect digestive enzymes as mediators of plant-herbivore interactions. Plants produce certain substances to fend off attackers like plant-feeding insects. To stop these compounds from damaging their own cells, plants often attach sugar molecules to them. When an insect tries to eat the plant, the plant removes the stabilizing sugar, ‘activating’ the compounds and making them toxic or foul-tasting. Curiously, some insects remove the sugar themselves, but it is unclear what consequences this has, especially for insect behavior. Dandelions, Taraxacum officinale, make high concentrations of a sugar-containing defense compound in their roots called taraxinic acid β-D-glucopyranosyl ester, or TA-G for short. TA-G deters the larvae of the Maybug – a pest also known as the common cockchafer or the doodlebug – from eating dandelion roots. When Maybug larvae do eat TA-G, it is found in their systems without its sugar. However, it is unclear whether it is the plant or the larva that removes the sugar. A second open question is how the sugar removal process affects the behavior of the Maybug larvae. Using chemical analysis and genetic manipulation, Huber et al. investigated what happens when Maybug larvae eat TA-G. This revealed that the acidity levels in the larvae’s digestive system deactivate the proteins from the dandelion that would normally remove the sugar from TA-G. However, rather than leaving the compound intact, larvae remove the sugar from TA-G themselves. They do this using a digestive enzyme, known as a beta-glucosidase, that cuts through sugar. Removing the sugar from TA-G made the compound less toxic, allowing the larvae to grow bigger, but it also increased TA-G’s deterrent effects, making the larvae less likely to eat the roots. Any organism that eats plants, including humans, must deal with chemicals like TA-G in their food. Once inside the body, enzymes can change these chemicals, altering their effects. This happens with many medicines, too. In the future, it might be possible to design compounds that activate only in certain species, or under certain conditions. Further studies in different systems may aid the development of new methods of pest control, or new drug treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meret Huber
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany.,Department of Biochemistry, Max-Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Thomas Roder
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sandra Irmisch
- Department of Biochemistry, Max-Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Alexander Riedel
- Department of Biochemistry, Max-Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Saskia Gablenz
- Department of Biochemistry, Max-Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Julia Fricke
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Peter Rahfeld
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Max-Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Reichelt
- Department of Biochemistry, Max-Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Christian Paetz
- Research group Biosynthesis/NMR, Max-Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Nicole Liechti
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Lingfei Hu
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Zoe Bont
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ye Meng
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Wei Huang
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Jonathan Gershenzon
- Department of Biochemistry, Max-Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Matthias Erb
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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21
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Erb M, Züst T, Robert CAM. Using plant chemistry to improve interactions between plants, herbivores and their natural enemies: challenges and opportunities. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2021; 70:262-265. [PMID: 34242994 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2021.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Plant secondary (or specialized) metabolites determine multitrophic interaction dynamics. Herbivore natural enemies exploit plant volatiles for host location and are negatively affected by plant defense chemicals that are transferred through herbivores. Recent work shows that herbivore natural enemies can evolve resistance to plant defense chemicals, and that generating plant defense resistance through forward evolution enhances their capacity to prey on herbivores. Here, we discuss how this knowledge can be used to engineer better biocontrol agents. We argue that herbivore natural enemies which are adapted to plant chemistry will likely enhance the efficacy of future pest control efforts. Detailed phenotyping and field experiments will be necessary to quantify costs and benefits of optimizing chemical links between plants and higher trophic levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Erb
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Altenbergrain 21, 3013 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Tobias Züst
- Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, University of Zürich, University of Zürich, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008 Zürich, Switzerland
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22
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Kumar P, Lee JH, Lee J. Diverse roles of microbial indole compounds in eukaryotic systems. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2021; 96:2522-2545. [PMID: 34137156 PMCID: PMC9290978 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Indole and its derivatives are widespread across different life forms, functioning as signalling molecules in prokaryotes and with more diverse roles in eukaryotes. A majority of indoles found in the environment are attributed to bacterial enzymes converting tryptophan into indole and its derivatives. The involvement of indoles among lower organisms as an interspecies and intraspecies signal is well known, with many reports showing that inter‐kingdom interactions involving microbial indole compounds are equally important as they influence defence systems and even the behaviour of higher organisms. This review summarizes recent advances in our understanding of the functional properties of indole and indole derivatives in diverse eukaryotes. Furthermore, we discuss current perspectives on the role of microbial indoles in human diseases such as diabetes, obesity, atherosclerosis, and cancers. Deciphering the function of indoles as biomarkers of metabolic state will facilitate the formulation of diet‐based treatments and open unique therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasun Kumar
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Hyung Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Jintae Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea
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23
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Hu L, Zhang K, Wu Z, Xu J, Erb M. Plant volatiles as regulators of plant defense and herbivore immunity: molecular mechanisms and unanswered questions. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2021; 44:82-88. [PMID: 33894408 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2021.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Plants release distinct blends of herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) upon herbivore attack. HIPVs have long been known to influence the behavior of herbivores and natural enemies. In addition, HIPVs can act as physiological regulators that induce or prime plant defenses. Recent work indicates that the regulatory capacity of HIPVs may extend to herbivore immunity: herbivores that are exposed to HIPVs can become more resistant or susceptible to parasitoids and pathogens. While the mechanisms of HIPV-mediated plant defense regulation are being unraveled, the mechanisms underlying the regulation of herbivore immunity are unclear. Evidence so far suggests a high degree of context dependency. Here, we review the mechanisms by which HIPVs regulate plant defense and herbivore immunity. We address major gaps of knowledge and discuss directions for future mechanistic research to facilitate efforts to use the regulatory capacity of HIPVs for the biological control of insect pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingfei Hu
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Kaidi Zhang
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhenwei Wu
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jianming Xu
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Matthias Erb
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, 3013 Bern, Switzerland
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24
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Wu C, Ding C, Chen S, Wu X, Zhang L, Song Y, Li W, Zeng R. Exposure of Helicoverpa armigera Larvae to Plant Volatile Organic Compounds Induces Cytochrome P450 Monooxygenases and Enhances Larval Tolerance to the Insecticide Methomyl. INSECTS 2021; 12:238. [PMID: 33808968 PMCID: PMC7998352 DOI: 10.3390/insects12030238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Plants release an array of volatile chemicals into the air to communicate with other organisms in the environment. Insect attack triggers emission of herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs). How insect herbivores use these odors to plan their detoxification systems is vital for insect adaptation to environmental xenobiotics. Here we show that the larvae of Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner), a broadly polyphagous lepidopteran herbivore, have the capacity to use plant volatiles as cues to upregulate multiple detoxification systems, including cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s), for detoxification of insecticides. Olfactory exposure of the fifth instars to two terpene volatiles limonene and nerolidol, and two green-leaf volatiles 2-heptanone and cis-3-hexenyl acetate significantly reduced larval susceptibility to the insecticide methomyl. However, larval pretreatment with piperonyl butoxide (PBO), a known P450 inhibitor, neutralized the effects of volatile exposure. Furthermore, larval exposure to the four plant volatiles enhanced activities of P450 enzymes in midguts and fatbodies, and upregulated expression of CYP6B2, CYP6B6 and CYP6B7, P450s involved in detoxification of the insecticide. Larval exposure to 2-heptanone and limonene volatiles also enhanced activities of glutathione-s-transferase and carboxylesterase. Our findings suggest that olfactory exposure to HIPVs enhances larval insecticide tolerance via induction of detoxification P450s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Choufei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Vector Biology and Pathogen Control of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, China; (C.W.); (X.W.); (L.Z.)
| | - Chaohui Ding
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Jinshan, Fuzhou 350002, China;
| | - Shi Chen
- College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Wushan, Guangzhou 510642, China;
| | - Xiaoying Wu
- Key Laboratory of Vector Biology and Pathogen Control of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, China; (C.W.); (X.W.); (L.Z.)
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Jinshan, Fuzhou 350002, China;
| | - Liqin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Vector Biology and Pathogen Control of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, China; (C.W.); (X.W.); (L.Z.)
| | - Yuanyuan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Jinshan, Fuzhou 350002, China;
| | - Wu Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China;
| | - Rensen Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Jinshan, Fuzhou 350002, China;
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25
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Chen C, Chen H, Huang S, Jiang T, Wang C, Tao Z, He C, Tang Q, Li P. Volatile DMNT directly protects plants against Plutella xylostella by disrupting the peritrophic matrix barrier in insect midgut. eLife 2021; 10:63938. [PMID: 33599614 PMCID: PMC7924945 DOI: 10.7554/elife.63938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Insect pests negatively affect crop quality and yield; identifying new methods to protect crops against insects therefore has important agricultural applications. Our analysis of transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plants showed that overexpression of pentacyclic triterpene synthase 1, encoding the key biosynthetic enzyme for the natural plant product (3E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene (DMNT), led to a significant resistance against a major insect pest, Plutella xylostella. DMNT treatment severely damaged the peritrophic matrix (PM), a physical barrier isolating food and pathogens from the midgut wall cells. DMNT repressed the expression of PxMucin in midgut cells, and knocking down PxMucin resulted in PM rupture and P. xylostella death. A 16S RNA survey revealed that DMNT significantly disrupted midgut microbiota populations and that midgut microbes were essential for DMNT-induced killing. Therefore, we propose that the midgut microbiota assists DMNT in killing P. xylostella. These findings may provide a novel approach for plant protection against P. xylostella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- The National Key Engineering Lab of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, the School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Hongyi Chen
- The National Key Engineering Lab of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, the School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Shijie Huang
- The National Key Engineering Lab of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, the School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Taoshan Jiang
- The National Key Engineering Lab of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, the School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Chuanhong Wang
- The National Key Engineering Lab of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, the School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhen Tao
- The National Key Engineering Lab of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, the School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Chen He
- The National Key Engineering Lab of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, the School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Qingfeng Tang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Sustainable Management of Plant Diseases and Pests of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, the School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Peijin Li
- The National Key Engineering Lab of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, the School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
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26
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Goelen T, Vuts J, Sobhy IS, Wäckers F, Caulfield JC, Birkett MA, Rediers H, Jacquemyn H, Lievens B. Identification and application of bacterial volatiles to attract a generalist aphid parasitoid: from laboratory to greenhouse assays. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2021; 77:930-938. [PMID: 32975888 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have shown that microorganisms emit volatile compounds that affect insect behaviour. However, it remains largely unclear whether microbes can be exploited as a source of attractants to improve biological control of insect pests. In this study, we used a combination of coupled gas chromatography-electroantennography (GC-EAG) and Y-tube olfactometer bioassays to identify attractive compounds in the volatile extracts of three bacterial strains that are associated with the habitat of the generalist aphid parasitoid Aphidius colemani, and to create mixtures of synthetic compounds to find attractive blends for A. colemani. Subsequently, the most attractive blend was evaluated in two-choice cage experiments under greenhouse conditions. RESULTS GC-EAG analysis revealed 20 compounds that were linked to behaviourally attractive bacterial strains. A mixture of two EAG-active compounds, styrene and benzaldehyde applied at a respective dose of 1 μg and 10 ng, was more attractive than the single compounds or the culture medium of the bacteria in Y-tube olfactometer bioassays. Application of this synthetic mixture under greenhouse conditions resulted in significant attraction of the parasitoids, and outperformed application of the bacterial culture medium. CONCLUSION Compounds isolated from bacterial blends were capable of attracting parasitoids both in laboratory and greenhouse assays, indicating that microbial cultures are an effective source of insect attractants. This opens new opportunities to attract and retain natural enemies of pest species and to enhance biological pest control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Goelen
- Laboratory for Process Microbial Ecology and Bioinspirational Management (PME&BIM), Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics (CMPG), Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S), Leuven, Belgium
| | - József Vuts
- Department of Biointeractions and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, UK
| | - Islam S Sobhy
- Laboratory for Process Microbial Ecology and Bioinspirational Management (PME&BIM), Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics (CMPG), Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S), Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Felix Wäckers
- Biobest, Westerlo, Belgium
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - John C Caulfield
- Department of Biointeractions and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, UK
| | - Michael A Birkett
- Department of Biointeractions and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, UK
| | - Hans Rediers
- Laboratory for Process Microbial Ecology and Bioinspirational Management (PME&BIM), Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics (CMPG), Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hans Jacquemyn
- Laboratory of Plant Conservation and Population Biology, Biology Department, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bart Lievens
- Laboratory for Process Microbial Ecology and Bioinspirational Management (PME&BIM), Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics (CMPG), Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S), Leuven, Belgium
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27
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Sun Z, Lin Y, Wang R, Li Q, Shi Q, Baerson SR, Chen L, Zeng R, Song Y. Olfactory perception of herbivore‐induced plant volatiles elicits counter‐defences in larvae of the tobacco cutworm. Funct Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongxiang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops College of Agriculture Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou China
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops College of Life Sciences Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou China
| | - Yibin Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops College of Life Sciences Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou China
| | - Rumeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops College of Agriculture Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou China
| | - Qilin Li
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops College of Agriculture Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou China
| | - Qi Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops College of Life Sciences Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou China
| | - Scott R. Baerson
- United States Department of Agriculture‐Agricultural Research Service Natural Products Utilization Research Unit, University Oxford MS USA
| | - Li Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing P. R. China
| | - Rensen Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops College of Agriculture Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou China
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops College of Life Sciences Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou China
| | - Yuanyuan Song
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops College of Agriculture Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou China
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28
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Ye M, Kuai P, Hu L, Ye M, Sun H, Erb M, Lou Y. Suppression of a leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinase enhances host plant resistance to a specialist herbivore. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2020; 43:2571-2585. [PMID: 32598036 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms by which herbivores induce plant defenses are well studied. However, how specialized herbivores suppress plant resistance is still poorly understood. Here, we discovered a rice (Oryza sativa) leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinase, OsLRR-RLK2, which is induced upon attack by gravid females of a specialist piercing-sucking herbivore, the brown planthopper (BPH, Nilaparvata lugens). Silencing OsLRR-RLK2 decreases the constitutive activity of mitogen-activated protein kinase (OsMPK6) and alters BPH-induced transcript levels of several defense-related WRKY transcription factors. Moreover, silencing OsLRR-RLK2 reduces BPH-induction of jasmonic acid and ethylene but promotes the biosynthesis of both elicited salicylic acid and H2 O2 ; silencing also enhances the production of volatiles emitted from rice plants infested with gravid BPH females. These changes decrease BPH preference and performance in the glasshouse and the field. These findings suggest that OsLRR-RLK2, by regulating the plant's defense-related signaling profile, increases the susceptibility of rice to BPH, and that BPH infestation influences the expression of OsLRR-RLK2, suppressing the resistance of rice to BPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peng Kuai
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lingfei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Miaofen Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Matthias Erb
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Yonggen Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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29
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Zhou Y, Zeng L, Hou X, Liao Y, Yang Z. Low temperature synergistically promotes wounding-induced indole accumulation by INDUCER OF CBF EXPRESSION-mediated alterations of jasmonic acid signaling in Camellia sinensis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:2172-2185. [PMID: 31900491 PMCID: PMC7242085 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Plants have to cope with various environmental stress factors which significantly impact plant physiology and secondary metabolism. Individual stresses, such as low temperature, are known to activate plant volatile compounds as a defense. However, less is known about the effect of multiple stresses on plant volatile formation. Here, the effect of dual stresses (wounding and low temperature) on volatile compounds in tea (Camellia sinensis) plants and the underlying signalling mechanisms were investigated. Indole, an insect resistance volatile, was maintained at a higher content and for a longer time under dual stresses compared with wounding alone. CsMYC2a, a jasmonate (JA)-responsive transcription factor, was the major regulator of CsTSB2, a gene encoding a tryptophan synthase β-subunit essential for indole synthesis. During the recovery phase after tea wounding, low temperature helped to maintain a higher JA level. Further study showed that CsICE2 interacted directly with CsJAZ2 to relieve inhibition of CsMYC2a, thereby promoting JA biosynthesis and downstream expression of the responsive gene CsTSB2 ultimately enhancing indole biosynthesis. These findings shed light on the role of low temperature in promoting plant damage responses and advance knowledge of the molecular mechanisms by which multiple stresses coordinately regulate plant responses to the biotic and abiotic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhou
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, China
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lanting Zeng
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, China
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xingliang Hou
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yinyin Liao
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, China
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziyin Yang
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, China
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, China
- Correspondence:
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30
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Abstract
Acute and precise signal perception and transduction are essential for plant defense against insects. Insect elicitors-that is, the biologically active molecules from insects' oral secretion (which contains regurgitant and saliva), frass, ovipositional fluids, and the endosymbionts-are recognized by plants and subsequently induce a local or systematic defense response. On the other hand, insects secrete various types of effectors to interfere with plant defense at multiple levels for better adaptation. Jasmonate is a main regulator involved in plant defense against insects and integrates with multiple pathways to make up the intricate defense network. Jasmonate signaling is strictly regulated in plants to avoid the hypersensitive defense response and seems to be vulnerable to assault by insect effectors at the same time. Here, we summarize recently identified elicitors, effectors, and their target proteins in plants and discuss their underlying molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yu Chen
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, University of CAS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, University of CAS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying-Bo Mao
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, University of CAS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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31
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Hunter CT, Block AK, Christensen SA, Li QB, Rering C, Alborn HT. Setaria viridis as a model for translational genetic studies of jasmonic acid-related insect defenses in Zea mays. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 291:110329. [PMID: 31928686 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.110329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Little is known regarding insect defense pathways in Setaria viridis (setaria), a model system for panicoid grasses, including Zea mays (maize). It is thus of interest to compare insect herbivory responses of setaria and maize. Here we use metabolic, phylogenetic, and gene expression analyses to measure a subset of jasmonic acid (JA)-related defense responses to leaf-chewing caterpillars. Phylogenetic comparisons of known defense-related maize genes were used to identify putative orthologs in setaria, and candidates were tested by quantitative PCR to determine transcriptional responses to insect challenge. Our findings show that while much of the core JA-related metabolic and genetic responses appear conserved between setaria and maize, production of downstream secondary metabolites such as benzoxazinoids and herbivore-induced plant volatiles are dissimilar. This diversity of chemical defenses and gene families involved in secondary metabolism among grasses presents new opportunities for cross species engineering. The high degree of genetic similarity and ease of orthologous gene identification between setaria and maize make setaria an excellent species for translational genetic studies, but the species specificity of downstream insect defense chemistry makes some pathways unamenable to cross-species comparisons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles T Hunter
- Chemistry Research Unit, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, Gainesville, FL, 32608, USA.
| | - Anna K Block
- Chemistry Research Unit, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, Gainesville, FL, 32608, USA
| | - Shawn A Christensen
- Chemistry Research Unit, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, Gainesville, FL, 32608, USA
| | - Qin-Bao Li
- Chemistry Research Unit, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, Gainesville, FL, 32608, USA
| | - Caitlin Rering
- Chemistry Research Unit, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, Gainesville, FL, 32608, USA
| | - Hans T Alborn
- Chemistry Research Unit, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, Gainesville, FL, 32608, USA
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32
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Müller C, Bräutigam A, Eilers E, Junker R, Schnitzler JP, Steppuhn A, Unsicker S, van Dam N, Weisser W, Wittmann M. Ecology and Evolution of Intraspecific Chemodiversity of Plants. RESEARCH IDEAS AND OUTCOMES 2020. [DOI: 10.3897/rio.6.e49810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
An extraordinarily high intraspecific chemical diversity, i.e. chemodiversity, has been found in several plant species, of which some are of major ecological or economic relevance. Moreover, even within an individual plant there is substantial chemodiversity among tissues and across seasons. This chemodiversity likely has pronounced ecological effects on plant mutualists and antagonists, associated foodwebs and, ultimately, biodiversity. Surprisingly, studies on interactions between plants and their herbivores or pollinators often neglect plant chemistry as a level of diversity and phenotypic variation. The main aim of this Research Unit (RU) is to understand the emergence and maintenance of intraspecific chemodiversity in plants. We address the following central questions:
1) How does plant chemodiversity vary across levels, i.e., within individuals, among individuals within populations, and among populations?
2) What are the ecological consequences of intraspecific plant chemodiversity?
3) How is plant chemodiversity genetically determined and maintained?
By combining field and laboratory studies with metabolomics, transcriptomics, genetic tools, statistical data analysis and modelling, we aim to understand causes and consequences of plant chemodiversity and elucidate its impacts on the interactions of plants with their biotic environment. Furthermore, we want to identify general principles, which hold across different species, and develop meaningful measures to describe the fascinating diversity of defence chemicals in plants. These tasks require integrated scientific collaboration of experts in experimental and theoretical ecology, including chemical and molecular ecology, (bio)chemistry and evolution.
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33
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Abstract
Certain adapted insect herbivores utilize plant toxins for self-defense against their own enemies. These adaptations structure ecosystems and limit our capacity to use biological control agents to manage specialized agricultural pests. We show that entomopathogenic nematodes that are exposed to the western corn rootworm, an important agricultural pest that sequesters defense metabolites from maize, can evolve resistance to these defenses. Resisting the plant defense metabolites likely allows the nematodes to infect and kill the western corn rootworm more efficiently. These findings illustrate how predators can counter the plant-based resistance strategies of specialized insect herbivores. Breeding or engineering biological control agents that resist plant defense metabolites may improve their capacity to kill important agricultural pests such as the western corn rootworm. Plants defend themselves against herbivores through the production of toxic and deterrent metabolites. Adapted herbivores can tolerate and sometimes sequester these metabolites, allowing them to feed on defended plants and become toxic to their own enemies. Can herbivore natural enemies overcome sequestered plant defense metabolites to prey on adapted herbivores? To address this question, we studied how entomopathogenic nematodes cope with benzoxazinoid defense metabolites that are produced by grasses and sequestered by a specialist maize herbivore, the western corn rootworm. We find that nematodes from US maize fields in regions in which the western corn rootworm was present over the last 50 y are behaviorally and metabolically resistant to sequestered benzoxazinoids and more infective toward the western corn rootworm than nematodes from other parts of the world. Exposure of a benzoxazinoid-susceptible nematode strain to the western corn rootworm for 5 generations results in higher behavioral and metabolic resistance and benzoxazinoid-dependent infectivity toward the western corn rootworm. Thus, herbivores that are exposed to a plant defense sequestering herbivore can evolve both behavioral and metabolic resistance to plant defense metabolites, and these traits are associated with higher infectivity toward a defense sequestering herbivore. We conclude that plant defense metabolites that are transferred through adapted herbivores may result in the evolution of resistance in herbivore natural enemies. Our study also identifies plant defense resistance as a potential target for the improvement of biological control agents.
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34
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Ghosh E, Venkatesan R. Plant Volatiles Modulate Immune Responses of Spodoptera litura. J Chem Ecol 2019; 45:715-724. [DOI: 10.1007/s10886-019-01091-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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35
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Huang W, Gfeller V, Erb M. Root volatiles in plant-plant interactions II: Root volatiles alter root chemistry and plant-herbivore interactions of neighbouring plants. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2019; 42:1964-1973. [PMID: 30754075 PMCID: PMC6849603 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by plant roots can influence the germination and growth of neighbouring plants. However, little is known about the effects of root VOCs on plant-herbivore interactions of neighbouring plants. The spotted knapweed (Centaurea stoebe) constitutively releases high amounts of sesquiterpenes into the rhizosphere. Here, we examine the impact of C. stoebe root VOCs on the primary and secondary metabolites of sympatric Taraxacum officinale plants and the resulting plant-mediated effects on a generalist root herbivore, the white grub Melolontha melolontha. We show that exposure of T. officinale to C.stoebe root VOCs does not affect the accumulation of defensive secondary metabolites but modulates carbohydrate and total protein levels in T. officinale roots. Furthermore, VOC exposure increases M. melolontha growth on T. officinale plants. Exposure of T. officinale to a major C. stoebe root VOC, the sesquiterpene (E)-β-caryophyllene, partially mimics the effect of the full root VOC blend on M. melolontha growth. Thus, releasing root VOCs can modify plant-herbivore interactions of neighbouring plants. The release of VOCs to increase the susceptibility of other plants may be a form of plant offense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Plant and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesWuhanChina
- Institute of Plant SciencesUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | | | - Matthias Erb
- Institute of Plant SciencesUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
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36
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Gfeller V, Huber M, Förster C, Huang W, Köllner TG, Erb M. Root volatiles in plant-plant interactions I: High root sesquiterpene release is associated with increased germination and growth of plant neighbours. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2019; 42:1950-1963. [PMID: 30737807 PMCID: PMC6850102 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by plant leaves can influence the physiology of neighbouring plants. In contrast to leaf VOCs, little is known about the role of root VOCs in plant-plant interactions. Here, we characterize constitutive root VOC emissions of the spotted knapweed (Centaurea stoebe) and explore the impact of these VOCs on the germination and growth of different sympatric plant species. We show that C. stoebe roots emit high amounts of sesquiterpenes, with estimated release rates of (E)-β-caryophyllene above 3 μg g-1 dw hr-1 . Sesquiterpene emissions show little variation between different C. stoebe populations but vary substantially between different Centaurea species. Through root transcriptome sequencing, we identify six root-expressed sesquiterpene synthases (TPSs). Two root-specific TPSs, CsTPS4 and CsTPS5, are sufficient to produce the full blend of emitted root sesquiterpenes. VOC-exposure experiments demonstrate that C. stoebe root VOCs have neutral to positive effects on the germination and growth of different sympatric neighbours. Thus, constitutive root sesquiterpenes produced by two C. stoebe TPSs are associated with facilitation of sympatric neighbouring plants. The release of root VOCs may thus influence plant community structure in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Gfeller
- Institute of Plant SciencesUniversity of Bern3013BernSwitzerland
| | - Meret Huber
- Department of BiochemistryMax Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology07745JenaGermany
| | - Christiane Förster
- Department of BiochemistryMax Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology07745JenaGermany
| | - Wei Huang
- Institute of Plant SciencesUniversity of Bern3013BernSwitzerland
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Plant and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan430074HubeiChina
| | - Tobias G. Köllner
- Department of BiochemistryMax Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology07745JenaGermany
| | - Matthias Erb
- Institute of Plant SciencesUniversity of Bern3013BernSwitzerland
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37
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Abstract
Diverse molecular processes regulate the interactions between plants and insect herbivores. Here, we review genes and proteins that are involved in plant-herbivore interactions and discuss how their discovery has structured the current standard model of plant-herbivore interactions. Plants perceive damage-associated and, possibly, herbivore-associated molecular patterns via receptors that activate early signaling components such as Ca2+, reactive oxygen species, and MAP kinases. Specific defense reprogramming proceeds via signaling networks that include phytohormones, secondary metabolites, and transcription factors. Local and systemic regulation of toxins, defense proteins, physical barriers, and tolerance traits protect plants against herbivores. Herbivores counteract plant defenses through biochemical defense deactivation, effector-mediated suppression of defense signaling, and chemically controlled behavioral changes. The molecular basis of plant-herbivore interactions is now well established for model systems. Expanding molecular approaches to unexplored dimensions of plant-insect interactions should be a future priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Erb
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, 3000 Bern, Switzerland;
| | - Philippe Reymond
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland;
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38
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Ye M, Glauser G, Lou Y, Erb M, Hu L. Molecular Dissection of Early Defense Signaling Underlying Volatile-Mediated Defense Regulation and Herbivore Resistance in Rice. THE PLANT CELL 2019; 31:687-698. [PMID: 30760558 DOI: 10.1101/378752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Herbivore-induced plant volatiles prime plant defenses and resistance, but how they are integrated into early defense signaling and whether a causal relationship exists between volatile defense priming and herbivore resistance is unclear. Here, we investigated the impact of indole, a common herbivore-induced plant volatile and modulator of many physiological processes in plants, bacteria, and animals, on early defense signaling and herbivore resistance in rice (Oryza sativa). Rice plants infested by fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) caterpillars release indole at a rate of up to 25 ng*h-1 Exposure to equal doses of exogenous indole enhances rice resistance to S. frugiperda Screening of early signaling components revealed that indole pre-exposure directly enhances the expression of the leucine-rich repeat-receptor-like kinase OsLRR-RLK1 Pre-exposure to indole followed by simulated herbivory increases (i.e. primes) the transcription, accumulation, and activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase OsMPK3 and the expression of the downstream WRKY transcription factor gene OsWRKY70 as well as several jasmonate biosynthesis genes, resulting in higher jasmonic acid (JA) accumulation. Analysis of transgenic plants defective in early signaling showed that OsMPK3 is required and that OsMPK6 and OsWRKY70 contribute to indole-mediated defense priming of JA-dependent herbivore resistance. Therefore, herbivore-induced plant volatiles increase plant resistance to herbivores by positively regulating early defense signaling components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Ye
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern 3013, Switzerland
| | - Gaétan Glauser
- Neuchâtel Platform of Analytical Chemistry, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel 2009, Switzerland
| | - Yonggen Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Matthias Erb
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern 3013, Switzerland
| | - Lingfei Hu
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern 3013, Switzerland
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39
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Ye M, Glauser G, Lou Y, Erb M, Hu L. Molecular Dissection of Early Defense Signaling Underlying Volatile-Mediated Defense Regulation and Herbivore Resistance in Rice. THE PLANT CELL 2019; 31:687-698. [PMID: 30760558 PMCID: PMC6482627 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.18.00569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Herbivore-induced plant volatiles prime plant defenses and resistance, but how they are integrated into early defense signaling and whether a causal relationship exists between volatile defense priming and herbivore resistance is unclear. Here, we investigated the impact of indole, a common herbivore-induced plant volatile and modulator of many physiological processes in plants, bacteria, and animals, on early defense signaling and herbivore resistance in rice (Oryza sativa). Rice plants infested by fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) caterpillars release indole at a rate of up to 25 ng*h-1 Exposure to equal doses of exogenous indole enhances rice resistance to S. frugiperda Screening of early signaling components revealed that indole pre-exposure directly enhances the expression of the leucine-rich repeat-receptor-like kinase OsLRR-RLK1 Pre-exposure to indole followed by simulated herbivory increases (i.e. primes) the transcription, accumulation, and activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase OsMPK3 and the expression of the downstream WRKY transcription factor gene OsWRKY70 as well as several jasmonate biosynthesis genes, resulting in higher jasmonic acid (JA) accumulation. Analysis of transgenic plants defective in early signaling showed that OsMPK3 is required and that OsMPK6 and OsWRKY70 contribute to indole-mediated defense priming of JA-dependent herbivore resistance. Therefore, herbivore-induced plant volatiles increase plant resistance to herbivores by positively regulating early defense signaling components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Ye
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern 3013, Switzerland
| | - Gaétan Glauser
- Neuchâtel Platform of Analytical Chemistry, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel 2009, Switzerland
| | - Yonggen Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Matthias Erb
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern 3013, Switzerland
| | - Lingfei Hu
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern 3013, Switzerland
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