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Handsley-Davis M, Anderson MZ, Bader AC, Ehau-Taumaunu H, Fox K, Kowal E, Weyrich LS. Microbiome ownership for Indigenous peoples. Nat Microbiol 2023; 8:1777-1786. [PMID: 37770744 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-023-01470-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have reported increased microbial diversity, or distinct microbial community compositions, in the microbiomes of Indigenous peoples around the world. However, there is a widespread failure to include Indigenous cultures and perspectives in microbiome research programmes, and ethical issues pertaining to microbiome research involving Indigenous participants have not received enough attention. We discuss the benefits and risks arising from microbiome research involving Indigenous peoples and analyse microbiome ownership as an ethical concept in this context. We argue that microbiome ownership represents an opportunity for Indigenous peoples to steward and protect their resident microbial communities at every stage of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matilda Handsley-Davis
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Australian Biodiversity and Heritage, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Matthew Z Anderson
- Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Center for Genomic Science Innovation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Alyssa C Bader
- Department of Anthropology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Hanareia Ehau-Taumaunu
- Department of Plant Pathology and Environmental Microbiology, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA
| | - Keolu Fox
- Department of Anthropology, Global Health Program, and Indigenous Futures Institute, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Emma Kowal
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Australian Biodiversity and Heritage, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
- Alfred Deakin Institute for Citizenship and Globalisation, Deakin University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Laura S Weyrich
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Australian Biodiversity and Heritage, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia.
- Department of Anthropology and Huck Institutes of Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA.
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2
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Blasiak R, Jouffray JB, Amon DJ, Claudet J, Dunshirn P, Søgaard Jørgensen P, Pranindita A, Wabnitz CCC, Zhivkoplias E, Österblom H. Making marine biotechnology work for people and nature. Nat Ecol Evol 2023; 7:482-485. [PMID: 36690733 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-022-01976-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Blasiak
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | | | - Diva J Amon
- SpeSeas, D'Abadie, Trinidad and Tobago
- Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Joachim Claudet
- National Center for Scientific Research, PSL Université Paris, CRIOBE, CNRS-EPHE-UPVD, Paris, France
| | - Paul Dunshirn
- Research Platform Governance of Digital Practices, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Søgaard Jørgensen
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- The Global Economic Dynamics and the Biosphere Academy Program, Royal Swedish Academy of Science, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Agnes Pranindita
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Colette C C Wabnitz
- Stanford Centre for Ocean Solutions, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Erik Zhivkoplias
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Henrik Österblom
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- South American Institute for Resilience and Sustainability Studies, Maldonado, Uruguay
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3
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Biopiracy: Crying wolf or a lever for equity and conservation? RESEARCH POLICY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.respol.2022.104674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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4
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Cumming GS, Adamska M, Barnes ML, Barnett J, Bellwood DR, Cinner JE, Cohen PJ, Donelson JM, Fabricius K, Grafton RQ, Grech A, Gurney GG, Hoegh-Guldberg O, Hoey AS, Hoogenboom MO, Lau J, Lovelock CE, Lowe R, Miller DJ, Morrison TH, Mumby PJ, Nakata M, Pandolfi JM, Peterson GD, Pratchett MS, Ravasi T, Riginos C, Rummer JL, Schaffelke B, Wernberg T, Wilson SK. Research priorities for the sustainability of coral-rich western Pacific seascapes. REGIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE 2023; 23:66. [PMID: 37125023 PMCID: PMC10119535 DOI: 10.1007/s10113-023-02051-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Nearly a billion people depend on tropical seascapes. The need to ensure sustainable use of these vital areas is recognised, as one of 17 policy commitments made by world leaders, in Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 14 ('Life below Water') of the United Nations. SDG 14 seeks to secure marine sustainability by 2030. In a time of increasing social-ecological unpredictability and risk, scientists and policymakers working towards SDG 14 in the Asia-Pacific region need to know: (1) How are seascapes changing? (2) What can global society do about these changes? and (3) How can science and society together achieve sustainable seascape futures? Through a horizon scan, we identified nine emerging research priorities that clarify potential research contributions to marine sustainability in locations with high coral reef abundance. They include research on seascape geological and biological evolution and adaptation; elucidating drivers and mechanisms of change; understanding how seascape functions and services are produced, and how people depend on them; costs, benefits, and trade-offs to people in changing seascapes; improving seascape technologies and practices; learning to govern and manage seascapes for all; sustainable use, justice, and human well-being; bridging communities and epistemologies for innovative, equitable, and scale-crossing solutions; and informing resilient seascape futures through modelling and synthesis. Researchers can contribute to the sustainability of tropical seascapes by co-developing transdisciplinary understandings of people and ecosystems, emphasising the importance of equity and justice, and improving knowledge of key cross-scale and cross-level processes, feedbacks, and thresholds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graeme S. Cumming
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811 Australia
| | - Maja Adamska
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Michele L. Barnes
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811 Australia
| | - Jon Barnett
- School of Geography, Earth, and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - David R. Bellwood
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811 Australia
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
| | - Joshua E. Cinner
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811 Australia
| | | | - Jennifer M. Donelson
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811 Australia
| | | | - R. Quentin Grafton
- Crawford School of Public Policy, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Alana Grech
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811 Australia
| | - Georgina G. Gurney
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811 Australia
| | - Ove Hoegh-Guldberg
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Andrew S. Hoey
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811 Australia
| | - Mia O. Hoogenboom
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811 Australia
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
| | - Jacqueline Lau
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811 Australia
- WorldFish, Penang, Malaysia
| | | | - Ryan Lowe
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Oceans Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - David J. Miller
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811 Australia
- College of Public Health, Medical & Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, 4811 Australia
| | - Tiffany H. Morrison
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811 Australia
| | - Peter J. Mumby
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Martin Nakata
- Indigenous Education and Research Centre, James Cook University, Townsville, 4811 Australia
| | - John M. Pandolfi
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Garry D. Peterson
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Morgan S. Pratchett
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811 Australia
| | - Timothy Ravasi
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811 Australia
- Marine Climate Change Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology (OIST), 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-Son, Okinawa Japan
| | - Cynthia Riginos
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jodie L. Rummer
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811 Australia
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
| | | | - Thomas Wernberg
- Oceans Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Institute of Marine Research, Floedevigen Research Station, Nis, Norway
| | - Shaun K. Wilson
- Oceans Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Western Australia Government Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, Perth, Australia
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Mendenhall E, De Santo E, Jankila M, Nyman E, Tiller R. Direction, not detail: Progress towards consensus at the fourth intergovernmental conference on biodiversity beyond national jurisdiction. MARINE POLICY 2022; 146:105309. [PMID: 36213184 PMCID: PMC9528848 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpol.2022.105309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
After a two year delay caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, the fourth intergovernmental conference (IGC-4) in the negotiations for a new UN treaty to address the conservation and sustainable management of biodiversity beyond national jurisdiction (BBNJ) took place in March 2022. This meeting differed substantially from previous IGCs in terms of process, with much of the discussions occurring in 'informal informals,' or off-the-record meetings open only to delegates and registered observers. Additionally, in-person participation was extremely limited and observers only had access to web broadcasts, i.e., no in-person interactions with delegates. A draft text of the treaty was circulated in advance and provided the basis for discussion and negotiation at the meeting. This paper examines IGC-4 in line with previous analyses of the first three IGCs, tracing the process and outcomes to date, aiming to understand the factors and players that are building a new BBNJ agreement. Key themes explored include marine genetic resources (MGRs), area-based management tools, including marine protected areas (ABMTs/MPAs), environmental impact assessment (EIA), and capacity building and transfer of marine technology (CB/TMT). Some progress toward consensus has been made, buoyed by intersessional discussions, but several sticking points remain with regard to definitions, content, and processes enshrined in the draft treaty, and a fifth IGC is scheduled to take place from 15 to 26 August 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Rachel Tiller
- SINTEF Ocean, Otto Nielsens veg 10, 7052 Trondheim, Norway
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6
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Le JT, Girguis PR, Levin LA. Using deep-sea images to examine ecosystem services associated with methane seeps. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 181:105740. [PMID: 36155343 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2022.105740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Deep-sea images are routinely collected during at-sea expeditions and represent a repository of under-utilized knowledge. We leveraged dive videos collected by the remotely-operated vehicle Hercules (deployed from E/V Nautilus, operated by the Ocean Exploration Trust), and adapted biological trait analysis, to develop an approach that characterizes ecosystem services. Specifically, fisheries and climate-regulating services related to carbon are assessed for three southern California methane seeps: Point Dume (∼725 m), Palos Verdes (∼506 m), and Del Mar (∼1023 m). Our results enable qualitative intra-site comparisons that suggest seep activity influences ecosystem services differentially among sites, and site-to-site comparisons that suggest the Del Mar site provides the highest relative contributions to fisheries and carbon services. This study represents a first step towards ecosystem services characterization and quantification using deep-sea images. The results presented herein are foundational, and continued development should help guide research and management priorities by identifying potential sources of ecosystem services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer T Le
- Center for Marine Biodiversity and Conservation, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, 92093, USA.
| | - Peter R Girguis
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, 02138, USA
| | - Lisa A Levin
- Center for Marine Biodiversity and Conservation, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, 92093, USA
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7
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Blasiak R, Jouffray JB, Amon DJ, Moberg F, Claudet J, Søgaard Jørgensen P, Pranindita A, Wabnitz CCC, Österblom H. A forgotten element of the blue economy: marine biomimetics and inspiration from the deep sea. PNAS NEXUS 2022; 1:pgac196. [PMID: 36714844 PMCID: PMC9802412 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgac196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The morphology, physiology, and behavior of marine organisms have been a valuable source of inspiration for solving conceptual and design problems. Here, we introduce this rich and rapidly expanding field of marine biomimetics, and identify it as a poorly articulated and often overlooked element of the ocean economy associated with substantial monetary benefits. We showcase innovations across seven broad categories of marine biomimetic design (adhesion, antifouling, armor, buoyancy, movement, sensory, stealth), and use this framing as context for a closer consideration of the increasingly frequent focus on deep-sea life as an inspiration for biomimetic design. We contend that marine biomimetics is not only a "forgotten" sector of the ocean economy, but has the potential to drive appreciation of nonmonetary values, conservation, and stewardship, making it well-aligned with notions of a sustainable blue economy. We note, however, that the highest ambitions for a blue economy are that it not only drives sustainability, but also greater equity and inclusivity, and conclude by articulating challenges and considerations for bringing marine biomimetics onto this trajectory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Blasiak
- To whom correspondence should be addressed: Robert Blasiak, Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | | | - Diva J Amon
- SpeSeas, D'Abadie, Trinidad and Tobago,Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Fredrik Moberg
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Joachim Claudet
- National Center for Scientific Research, PSL Université Paris, CRIOBE, CNRS-EPHE-UPVD, Maison de l'Océan, 195 rue Saint-Jacques, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Peter Søgaard Jørgensen
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden,The Global Economic Dynamics and the Biosphere Academy Program, Royal Swedish Academy of Science, 104 05 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Agnes Pranindita
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Colette C C Wabnitz
- Stanford Center for Ocean Solutions, Stanford University, 473 Via Ortega, Stanford, CA 94305, USA,Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, The University of British Columbia, 2202 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z4, Canada
| | - Henrik Österblom
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden,Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan,South American Institute for Resilience and Sustainability Studies, CP 20200 Maldonado, Uruguay
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8
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Cowan DA, Lebre PH, Amon C, Becker RW, Boga HI, Boulangé A, Chiyaka TL, Coetzee T, de Jager PC, Dikinya O, Eckardt F, Greve M, Harris MA, Hopkins DW, Houngnandan HB, Houngnandan P, Jordaan K, Kaimoyo E, Kambura AK, Kamgan-Nkuekam G, Makhalanyane TP, Maggs-Kölling G, Marais E, Mondlane H, Nghalipo E, Olivier BW, Ortiz M, Pertierra LR, Ramond JB, Seely M, Sithole-Niang I, Valverde A, Varliero G, Vikram S, Wall DH, Zeze A. Biogeographical survey of soil microbiomes across sub-Saharan Africa: structure, drivers, and predicted climate-driven changes. MICROBIOME 2022; 10:131. [PMID: 35996183 PMCID: PMC9396824 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-022-01297-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Top-soil microbiomes make a vital contribution to the Earth's ecology and harbor an extraordinarily high biodiversity. They are also key players in many ecosystem services, particularly in arid regions of the globe such as the African continent. While several recent studies have documented patterns in global soil microbial ecology, these are largely biased towards widely studied regions and rely on models to interpolate the microbial diversity of other regions where there is low data coverage. This is the case for sub-Saharan Africa, where the number of regional microbial studies is very low in comparison to other continents. RESULTS The aim of this study was to conduct an extensive biogeographical survey of sub-Saharan Africa's top-soil microbiomes, with a specific focus on investigating the environmental drivers of microbial ecology across the region. In this study, we sampled 810 sample sites across 9 sub-Saharan African countries and used taxonomic barcoding to profile the microbial ecology of these regions. Our results showed that the sub-Saharan nations included in the study harbor qualitatively distinguishable soil microbiomes. In addition, using soil chemistry and climatic data extracted from the same sites, we demonstrated that the top-soil microbiome is shaped by a broad range of environmental factors, most notably pH, precipitation, and temperature. Through the use of structural equation modeling, we also developed a model to predict how soil microbial biodiversity in sub-Saharan Africa might be affected by future climate change scenarios. This model predicted that the soil microbial biodiversity of countries such as Kenya will be negatively affected by increased temperatures and decreased precipitation, while the fungal biodiversity of Benin will benefit from the increase in annual precipitation. CONCLUSION This study represents the most extensive biogeographical survey of sub-Saharan top-soil microbiomes to date. Importantly, this study has allowed us to identify countries in sub-Saharan Africa that might be particularly vulnerable to losses in soil microbial ecology and productivity due to climate change. Considering the reliance of many economies in the region on rain-fed agriculture, this study provides crucial information to support conservation efforts in the countries that will be most heavily impacted by climate change. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Cowan
- Centre for Microbial Ecology and Genomics, Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.
| | - P H Lebre
- Centre for Microbial Ecology and Genomics, Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.
| | - Cer Amon
- Institut National Polytechnique Houphouet-Boigny, Cote d'Ivoire, Yamoussoukro, South Africa
| | - R W Becker
- Biodiversity Research Centre, Department of Agriculture and Natural Resources Sciences, Namibia University of Science and Technology, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - H I Boga
- Taita Taveta University, Voi, Kenya
| | - A Boulangé
- Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Maputo, Mozambique
- UMR InterTryp, CIRAD-IRD, 34398, Montpellier, France
| | - T L Chiyaka
- Department of Biotechnology and Biochemistry, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - T Coetzee
- Centre for Microbial Ecology and Genomics, Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - P C de Jager
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - O Dikinya
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - F Eckardt
- Department of Geography, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - M Greve
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - M A Harris
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - D W Hopkins
- Scotland's Rural College, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, UK
| | - H B Houngnandan
- Université Nationale d'Agriculture, Porto-Novo, Benin (Laboratoire de Microbiologie Des Sols Et d'Ecologie Microbienne), Porto-Novo, Benin
| | - P Houngnandan
- Université Nationale d'Agriculture, Porto-Novo, Benin (Laboratoire de Microbiologie Des Sols Et d'Ecologie Microbienne), Porto-Novo, Benin
| | - K Jordaan
- Centre for Microbial Ecology and Genomics, Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Departamento de Genética Molecular Y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - E Kaimoyo
- University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | | | - G Kamgan-Nkuekam
- Centre for Microbial Ecology and Genomics, Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - T P Makhalanyane
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | | | - E Marais
- Gobabeb-Namib Research Institute, Walvis Bay, Namibia
| | - H Mondlane
- Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - E Nghalipo
- Biodiversity Research Centre, Department of Agriculture and Natural Resources Sciences, Namibia University of Science and Technology, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - B W Olivier
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - M Ortiz
- Centre for Microbial Ecology and Genomics, Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - L R Pertierra
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - J-B Ramond
- Centre for Microbial Ecology and Genomics, Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Departamento de Genética Molecular Y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - M Seely
- Gobabeb-Namib Research Institute, Walvis Bay, Namibia
| | - I Sithole-Niang
- Department of Biotechnology and Biochemistry, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - A Valverde
- Centre for Microbial Ecology and Genomics, Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - G Varliero
- Centre for Microbial Ecology and Genomics, Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - S Vikram
- Centre for Microbial Ecology and Genomics, Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - D H Wall
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, USA
| | - A Zeze
- Institut National Polytechnique Houphouet-Boigny, Cote d'Ivoire, Yamoussoukro, South Africa
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9
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Nash KL, van Putten I, Alexander KA, Bettiol S, Cvitanovic C, Farmery AK, Flies EJ, Ison S, Kelly R, Mackay M, Murray L, Norris K, Robinson LM, Scott J, Ward D, Vince J. Oceans and society: feedbacks between ocean and human health. REVIEWS IN FISH BIOLOGY AND FISHERIES 2022. [PMID: 34366579 DOI: 10.22541/au.160166568.89566317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The concentration of human population along coastlines has far-reaching effects on ocean and societal health. The oceans provide benefits to humans such as food, coastal protection and improved mental well-being, but can also impact negatively via natural disasters. At the same time, humans influence ocean health, for example, via coastal development or through environmental stewardship. Given the strong feedbacks between ocean and human health there is a need to promote desirable interactions, while minimising undesirable interactions. To this end, we articulate two scenarios for 2030. First, Business-as-Usual, named 'Command and (out of) Control', focuses on the anticipated future based on our current trajectory. Second, a more sustainable scenario called 'Living and Connecting', emphasises the development of interactions between oceans and society consistent with achieving the Sustainable Development Goals. We describe a potential pathway to achieving the 'Living and Connecting' scenario, centred on improving marine citizenship, achieving a more equitable distribution of power among stakeholders, and more equitable access to resources and opportunities. The constituent actions of this pathway can be categorised into four groups: (i) improved approaches to science and health communication that account for society's diverse values, beliefs and worldviews, (ii) a shift towards more trusted relationships among stakeholders to enable two-way knowledge exchange, (iii) economic incentives that encourage behavioural changes necessary for achieving desired sustainability outcomes, and (iv) stronger regulations that simultaneously focus on ocean and human health. We contend that these changes will provide improved outcomes for both oceans and society over the United Nations Decade of Ocean Science. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11160-021-09669-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsty L Nash
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, Private Bag 129, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 129, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
| | - Ingrid van Putten
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, Private Bag 129, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
- CSIRO, Oceans and Atmosphere, Castray Esplanade, Battery Point, TAS 7004 Australia
| | - Karen A Alexander
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, Private Bag 129, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 129, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
| | - Silvana Bettiol
- Tasmanian School of Medicine, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, 17 Liverpool Street, Hobart, TAS 7000 Australia
| | - Christopher Cvitanovic
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, Private Bag 129, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
- Australian National Centre for the Public Awareness of Science, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Anna K Farmery
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, Private Bag 129, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
- Australian National Centre for Ocean Resources and Security, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Emily J Flies
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 55, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
| | - Sierra Ison
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, Private Bag 129, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 129, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
| | - Rachel Kelly
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, Private Bag 129, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 129, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
| | - Mary Mackay
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, Private Bag 129, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
- CSIRO, Oceans and Atmosphere, Castray Esplanade, Battery Point, TAS 7004 Australia
| | - Linda Murray
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Massey University, Wellington, 6140 New Zealand
| | - Kimberley Norris
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 30, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
| | - Lucy M Robinson
- Oceans Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009 Australia
- Oceans Graduate School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009 Australia
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Crawley, WA 6009 Australia
| | - Jennifer Scott
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 30, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
| | - Delphi Ward
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, Private Bag 129, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 129, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
| | - Joanna Vince
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, Private Bag 129, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
- School of Social Sciences, University of Tasmania, Locked Bag 1340, Launceston, TAS 7250 Australia
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10
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Nash KL, van Putten I, Alexander KA, Bettiol S, Cvitanovic C, Farmery AK, Flies EJ, Ison S, Kelly R, Mackay M, Murray L, Norris K, Robinson LM, Scott J, Ward D, Vince J. Oceans and society: feedbacks between ocean and human health. REVIEWS IN FISH BIOLOGY AND FISHERIES 2022; 32:161-187. [PMID: 34366579 PMCID: PMC8335471 DOI: 10.1007/s11160-021-09669-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The concentration of human population along coastlines has far-reaching effects on ocean and societal health. The oceans provide benefits to humans such as food, coastal protection and improved mental well-being, but can also impact negatively via natural disasters. At the same time, humans influence ocean health, for example, via coastal development or through environmental stewardship. Given the strong feedbacks between ocean and human health there is a need to promote desirable interactions, while minimising undesirable interactions. To this end, we articulate two scenarios for 2030. First, Business-as-Usual, named 'Command and (out of) Control', focuses on the anticipated future based on our current trajectory. Second, a more sustainable scenario called 'Living and Connecting', emphasises the development of interactions between oceans and society consistent with achieving the Sustainable Development Goals. We describe a potential pathway to achieving the 'Living and Connecting' scenario, centred on improving marine citizenship, achieving a more equitable distribution of power among stakeholders, and more equitable access to resources and opportunities. The constituent actions of this pathway can be categorised into four groups: (i) improved approaches to science and health communication that account for society's diverse values, beliefs and worldviews, (ii) a shift towards more trusted relationships among stakeholders to enable two-way knowledge exchange, (iii) economic incentives that encourage behavioural changes necessary for achieving desired sustainability outcomes, and (iv) stronger regulations that simultaneously focus on ocean and human health. We contend that these changes will provide improved outcomes for both oceans and society over the United Nations Decade of Ocean Science. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11160-021-09669-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsty L. Nash
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, Private Bag 129, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 129, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
| | - Ingrid van Putten
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, Private Bag 129, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
- CSIRO, Oceans and Atmosphere, Castray Esplanade, Battery Point, TAS 7004 Australia
| | - Karen A. Alexander
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, Private Bag 129, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 129, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
| | - Silvana Bettiol
- Tasmanian School of Medicine, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, 17 Liverpool Street, Hobart, TAS 7000 Australia
| | - Christopher Cvitanovic
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, Private Bag 129, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
- Australian National Centre for the Public Awareness of Science, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Anna K. Farmery
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, Private Bag 129, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
- Australian National Centre for Ocean Resources and Security, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Emily J. Flies
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 55, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
| | - Sierra Ison
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, Private Bag 129, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 129, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
| | - Rachel Kelly
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, Private Bag 129, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 129, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
| | - Mary Mackay
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, Private Bag 129, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
- CSIRO, Oceans and Atmosphere, Castray Esplanade, Battery Point, TAS 7004 Australia
| | - Linda Murray
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Massey University, Wellington, 6140 New Zealand
| | - Kimberley Norris
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 30, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
| | - Lucy M. Robinson
- Oceans Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009 Australia
- Oceans Graduate School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009 Australia
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Crawley, WA 6009 Australia
| | - Jennifer Scott
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 30, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
| | - Delphi Ward
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, Private Bag 129, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 129, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
| | - Joanna Vince
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, Private Bag 129, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
- School of Social Sciences, University of Tasmania, Locked Bag 1340, Launceston, TAS 7250 Australia
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11
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Thomson AI, Archer FI, Coleman MA, Gajardo G, Goodall‐Copestake WP, Hoban S, Laikre L, Miller AD, O’Brien D, Pérez‐Espona S, Segelbacher G, Serrão EA, Sjøtun K, Stanley MS. Charting a course for genetic diversity in the UN Decade of Ocean Science. Evol Appl 2021; 14:1497-1518. [PMID: 34178100 PMCID: PMC8210796 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The health of the world's oceans is intrinsically linked to the biodiversity of the ecosystems they sustain. The importance of protecting and maintaining ocean biodiversity has been affirmed through the setting of the UN Sustainable Development Goal 14 to conserve and sustainably use the ocean for society's continuing needs. The decade beginning 2021-2030 has additionally been declared as the UN Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development. This program aims to maximize the benefits of ocean science to the management, conservation, and sustainable development of the marine environment by facilitating communication and cooperation at the science-policy interface. A central principle of the program is the conservation of species and ecosystem components of biodiversity. However, a significant omission from the draft version of the Decade of Ocean Science Implementation Plan is the acknowledgment of the importance of monitoring and maintaining genetic biodiversity within species. In this paper, we emphasize the importance of genetic diversity to adaptive capacity, evolutionary potential, community function, and resilience within populations, as well as highlighting some of the major threats to genetic diversity in the marine environment from direct human impacts and the effects of global climate change. We then highlight the significance of ocean genetic diversity to a diverse range of socioeconomic factors in the marine environment, including marine industries, welfare and leisure pursuits, coastal communities, and wider society. Genetic biodiversity in the ocean, and its monitoring and maintenance, is then discussed with respect to its integral role in the successful realization of the 2030 vision for the Decade of Ocean Science. Finally, we suggest how ocean genetic diversity might be better integrated into biodiversity management practices through the continued interaction between environmental managers and scientists, as well as through key leverage points in industry requirements for Blue Capital financing and social responsibility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Melinda A. Coleman
- New South Wales FisheriesNational Marine Science CentreCoffs HarbourNSWAustralia
- National Marine Science CentreSouthern Cross UniversityCoffs HarbourNSWAustralia
- Oceans Institute and School of Biological SciencesUniversity of Western AustraliaCrawleyWAAustralia
| | - Gonzalo Gajardo
- Laboratory of Genetics, Aquaculture & BiodiversityUniversidad de Los LagosOsornoChile
| | | | - Sean Hoban
- Centre for Tree ScienceThe Morton ArboretumLisleILUSA
| | - Linda Laikre
- Centre for Tree ScienceThe Morton ArboretumLisleILUSA
- The Wildlife Analysis UnitThe Swedish Environmental Protection AgencyStockholmSweden
| | - Adam D. Miller
- School of Life and Environmental SciencesCentre for Integrative EcologyDeakin UniversityGeelongVicAustralia
- Deakin Genomics CentreDeakin UniversityGeelongVic.Australia
| | | | - Sílvia Pérez‐Espona
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin InstituteMidlothianUK
| | - Gernot Segelbacher
- Chair of Wildlife Ecology and ManagementUniversity FreiburgFreiburgGermany
| | - Ester A. Serrão
- CCMARCentre of Marine SciencesFaculty of Sciences and TechnologyUniversity of AlgarveFaroPortugal
| | - Kjersti Sjøtun
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
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12
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Folke C, Polasky S, Rockström J, Galaz V, Westley F, Lamont M, Scheffer M, Österblom H, Carpenter SR, Chapin FS, Seto KC, Weber EU, Crona BI, Daily GC, Dasgupta P, Gaffney O, Gordon LJ, Hoff H, Levin SA, Lubchenco J, Steffen W, Walker BH. Our future in the Anthropocene biosphere. AMBIO 2021; 50:834-869. [PMID: 33715097 PMCID: PMC7955950 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-021-01544-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed an interconnected and tightly coupled globalized world in rapid change. This article sets the scientific stage for understanding and responding to such change for global sustainability and resilient societies. We provide a systemic overview of the current situation where people and nature are dynamically intertwined and embedded in the biosphere, placing shocks and extreme events as part of this dynamic; humanity has become the major force in shaping the future of the Earth system as a whole; and the scale and pace of the human dimension have caused climate change, rapid loss of biodiversity, growing inequalities, and loss of resilience to deal with uncertainty and surprise. Taken together, human actions are challenging the biosphere foundation for a prosperous development of civilizations. The Anthropocene reality-of rising system-wide turbulence-calls for transformative change towards sustainable futures. Emerging technologies, social innovations, broader shifts in cultural repertoires, as well as a diverse portfolio of active stewardship of human actions in support of a resilient biosphere are highlighted as essential parts of such transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl Folke
- Beijer Institute of Ecological Economics, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Global Economic Dynamics and the Biosphere Programme (GEDB), Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | | | - Johan Rockström
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Victor Galaz
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | - Marten Scheffer
- Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Henrik Österblom
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | - Beatrice I Crona
- Global Economic Dynamics and the Biosphere Programme (GEDB), Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | - Owen Gaffney
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Potsdam, Germany
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Line J Gordon
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Holger Hoff
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Potsdam, Germany
| | | | | | - Will Steffen
- Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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13
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Cisneros-Montemayor AM, Moreno-Báez M, Reygondeau G, Cheung WWL, Crosman KM, González-Espinosa PC, Lam VWY, Oyinlola MA, Singh GG, Swartz W, Zheng CW, Ota Y. Enabling conditions for an equitable and sustainable blue economy. Nature 2021; 591:396-401. [PMID: 33731948 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03327-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The future of the global ocean economy is currently envisioned as advancing towards a 'blue economy'-socially equitable, environmentally sustainable and economically viable ocean industries1,2. However, tensions exist within sustainable development approaches, arising from differing perspectives framed around natural capital or social equity. Here we show that there are stark differences in outlook on the capacity for establishing a blue economy, and on its potential outcomes, when social conditions and governance capacity-not just resource availability-are considered, and we highlight limits to establishing multiple overlapping industries. This is reflected by an analysis using a fuzzy logic model to integrate indicators from multiple disciplines and to evaluate their current capacity to contribute to establishing equitable, sustainable and viable ocean sectors consistent with a blue economy approach. We find that the key differences in the capacity of regions to achieve a blue economy are not due to available natural resources, but include factors such as national stability, corruption and infrastructure, which can be improved through targeted investments and cross-scale cooperation. Knowledge gaps can be addressed by integrating historical natural and social science information on the drivers and outcomes of resource use and management, thus identifying equitable pathways to establishing or transforming ocean sectors1,3,4. Our results suggest that policymakers must engage researchers and stakeholders to promote evidence-based, collaborative planning that ensures that sectors are chosen carefully, that local benefits are prioritized, and that the blue economy delivers on its social, environmental and economic goals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcia Moreno-Báez
- School of Marine and Environmental Programs, University of New England, Biddeford, ME, USA
| | - Gabriel Reygondeau
- Changing Ocean Research Unit, Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - William W L Cheung
- Changing Ocean Research Unit, Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Katherine M Crosman
- Nippon Foundation Ocean Nexus Center, EarthLab, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Vicky W Y Lam
- Changing Ocean Research Unit, Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Muhammed A Oyinlola
- Changing Ocean Research Unit, Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Gerald G Singh
- Department of Geography, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Wilf Swartz
- Marine Affairs Program, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | | | - Yoshitaka Ota
- Nippon Foundation Ocean Nexus Center, EarthLab, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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14
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Sigwart JD, Blasiak R, Jaspars M, Jouffray JB, Tasdemir D. Unlocking the potential of marine biodiscovery. Nat Prod Rep 2021; 38:1235-1242. [PMID: 34287433 DOI: 10.1039/d0np00067a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The tremendous diversity of life in the ocean has proven to be a rich source of inspiration for drug discovery, with success rates for marine natural products up to 4 times higher than other naturally derived compounds. Yet the marine biodiscovery pipeline is characterized by chronic underfunding, bottlenecks and, ultimately, untapped potential. For instance, a lack of taxonomic capacity means that, on average, 20 years pass between the discovery of new organisms and the formal publication of scientific names, a prerequisite to proceed with detecting and isolating promising bioactive metabolites. The need for "edge" research that can spur novel lines of discovery and lengthy high-risk drug discovery processes, are poorly matched with research grant cycles. Here we propose five concrete pathways to broaden the biodiscovery pipeline and open the social and economic potential of the ocean genome for global benefit: (1) investing in fundamental research, even when the links to industry are not immediately apparent; (2) cultivating equitable collaborations between academia and industry that share both risks and benefits for these foundational research stages; (3) providing new opportunities for early-career researchers and under-represented groups to engage in high-risk research without risking their careers; (4) sharing data with global networks; and (5) protecting genetic diversity at its source through strong conservation efforts. The treasures of the ocean have provided fundamental breakthroughs in human health and still remain under-utilised for human benefit, yet that potential may be lost if we allow the biodiscovery pipeline to become blocked in a search for quick-fix solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia D Sigwart
- Senckenberg Research Institute, Frankfurt, Germany. and Queen's University Belfast, Marine Laboratory, Portaferry, Northern Ireland
| | - Robert Blasiak
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Sweden
| | - Marcel Jaspars
- Marine Biodiscovery Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Aberdeen, Old Aberdeen, Scotland, UK
| | | | - Deniz Tasdemir
- GEOMAR Centre for Marine Biotechnology, Research Unit Marine Natural Product Chemistry, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Germany and Faculty of of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Kiel University, Germany
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15
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Virdin J, Vegh T, Jouffray JB, Blasiak R, Mason S, Österblom H, Vermeer D, Wachtmeister H, Werner N. The Ocean 100: Transnational corporations in the ocean economy. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/3/eabc8041. [PMID: 33523873 PMCID: PMC7806236 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abc8041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The ocean economy is growing as commercial use of the ocean accelerates, while progress toward achieving international goals for ocean conservation and sustainability is lagging. In this context, the private sector is increasingly recognized as having the capacity to hamper efforts to achieve aspirations of sustainable ocean-based development or alternatively to bend current trajectories of ocean use by taking on the mantle of corporate biosphere stewardship. Here, we identify levels of industry concentration to assess where this capacity rests. We show that the 10 largest companies in eight core ocean economy industries generate, on average, 45% of each industry's total revenues. Aggregating across all eight industries, the 100 largest corporations (the "Ocean 100") account for 60% of total revenues. This level of concentration in the ocean economy presents both risks and opportunities for ensuring sustainability and equity of global ocean use.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Virdin
- Duke University Nicholas Institute for Environmental Policy Solutions, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - T Vegh
- Duke University Nicholas Institute for Environmental Policy Solutions, Durham, NC, USA
| | - J-B Jouffray
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - R Blasiak
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S Mason
- Duke University Nicholas Institute for Environmental Policy Solutions, Durham, NC, USA
| | - H Österblom
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - D Vermeer
- Duke University Fuqua School of Business, Durham, NC, USA
| | - H Wachtmeister
- Department of Earth Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - N Werner
- Duke University Nicholas School of the Environment, Durham, NC, USA
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16
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Hileman J, Kallstenius I, Häyhä T, Palm C, Cornell S. Keystone actors do not act alone: A business ecosystem perspective on sustainability in the global clothing industry. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0241453. [PMID: 33125411 PMCID: PMC7598521 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Global industries are typically dominated by a few disproportionately large and influential transnational corporations, or keystone actors. While concentration of economic production is not a new phenomenon, in an increasingly interconnected and globalized world, the scale of the impacts of keystone actors on diverse social-ecological systems continues to grow. In this article, we investigate how keystone actors in the global clothing industry engage in collaboration with a variety of other organizations to address nine interrelated biophysical and socioeconomic sustainability challenges. We expand on previous theoretical and empirical research by focusing on the larger business ecosystem in which keystone actors are embedded, and use network analysis to assess the contributions of different actor types to the architecture of the ecosystem. This systemic approach to the study of keystone actors and sustainability challenges highlights an important source of influence largely not addressed in previous research: the presence of organizations that occupy strategic positions around keystone actors. Such knowledge can help identify governance strategies for advancing industry-wide transformation towards sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Hileman
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ivan Kallstenius
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tiina Häyhä
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Celinda Palm
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sarah Cornell
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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17
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Marine Terpenoids from Polar Latitudes and Their Potential Applications in Biotechnology. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18080401. [PMID: 32751369 PMCID: PMC7459527 DOI: 10.3390/md18080401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Polar marine biota have adapted to thrive under one of the ocean’s most inhospitable scenarios, where extremes of temperature, light photoperiod and ice disturbance, along with ecological interactions, have selected species with a unique suite of secondary metabolites. Organisms of Arctic and Antarctic oceans are prolific sources of natural products, exhibiting wide structural diversity and remarkable bioactivities for human applications. Chemical skeletons belonging to terpene families are the most commonly found compounds, whereas cytotoxic antimicrobial properties, the capacity to prevent infections, are the most widely reported activities from these environments. This review firstly summarizes the regulations on access and benefit sharing requirements for research in polar environments. Then it provides an overview of the natural product arsenal from Antarctic and Arctic marine organisms that displays promising uses for fighting human disease. Microbes, such as bacteria and fungi, and macroorganisms, such as sponges, macroalgae, ascidians, corals, bryozoans, echinoderms and mollusks, are the main focus of this review. The biological origin, the structure of terpenes and terpenoids, derivatives and their biotechnological potential are described. This survey aims to highlight the chemical diversity of marine polar life and the versatility of this group of biomolecules, in an effort to encourage further research in drug discovery.
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Tiller R, De Santo E, Mendenhall E, Nyman E, Ralby I. Wealth blindness beyond national jurisdiction. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 151:110809. [PMID: 32056602 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.110809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Marine genetic resources (MGR) are a new issue in high seas management. Discussion on how to best manage these resources is currently ongoing at the United Nations, within the context of a proposed treaty on the conservation and sustainable use of marine 'Biodiversity Beyond National Jurisdiction' (BBNJ), which is expected to be completed in 2020.But how accurately can states measure the potential economic value of resources that still do not have a clear market application? Developing states in particular already suffer from wealth blindness, where they lack the capacity to properly evaluate the economic value or market potential of their marine resources. This article explores the extent to which wealth blindness forms the backdrop to the current debates over the potential for profitably exploiting marine genetic resources, as well as how this relates to demands for capacity building and technology transfer in the BBNJ treaty negotiation process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ian Ralby
- I.R. Consilium, United States of America
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19
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Jouffray JB, Blasiak R, Norström AV, Österblom H, Nyström M. The Blue Acceleration: The Trajectory of Human Expansion into the Ocean. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oneear.2019.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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20
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Bioinformatics for Marine Products: An Overview of Resources, Bottlenecks, and Perspectives. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17100576. [PMID: 31614509 PMCID: PMC6835618 DOI: 10.3390/md17100576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The sea represents a major source of biodiversity. It exhibits many different ecosystems in a huge variety of environmental conditions where marine organisms have evolved with extensive diversification of structures and functions, making the marine environment a treasure trove of molecules with potential for biotechnological applications and innovation in many different areas. Rapid progress of the omics sciences has revealed novel opportunities to advance the knowledge of biological systems, paving the way for an unprecedented revolution in the field and expanding marine research from model organisms to an increasing number of marine species. Multi-level approaches based on molecular investigations at genomic, metagenomic, transcriptomic, metatranscriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic levels are essential to discover marine resources and further explore key molecular processes involved in their production and action. As a consequence, omics approaches, accompanied by the associated bioinformatic resources and computational tools for molecular analyses and modeling, are boosting the rapid advancement of biotechnologies. In this review, we provide an overview of the most relevant bioinformatic resources and major approaches, highlighting perspectives and bottlenecks for an appropriate exploitation of these opportunities for biotechnology applications from marine resources.
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Aubry S. The Future of Digital Sequence Information for Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1046. [PMID: 31543884 PMCID: PMC6728410 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The recent debates on the legal status of "digital sequence information" (DSI) at the international level could have extensive consequences for the future of agriculture and food security. A large majority of recent advances in biology, medicine, or agriculture were achieved by sharing and mining of freely accessible sequencing data. It is most probably because of the tremendous success of modern genomics and advances of synthetic biology that concerns were raised about possible fair and equitable ways of sharing data. The DSI concept is relatively new, and all concerned parties agreed upon the need for a clear definition. For example, the extent to which DSI understanding is limited only to genetic sequence data has to be clarified. In this paper, I focus on a subset of DSI essential to humankind: the DSI originating from plant genetic resources for food and agriculture (PGRFA). Two international agreements shape the conservation and use of plant genetic resources: the Convention on Biodiversity and the International Treaty for Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture. In an attempt to mobilize DSI users and producers involved in research, breeding, and conservation, I describe here how the increasing amount of genomic data, information, and studies interact with the existing legal framework at the global level. Using possible scenarios, I will emphasize the complexity of the issues surrounding DSI for PGRFA and propose potential ways forward for developing an inclusive governance and fair use of these genetic resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Aubry
- Department of Plant and Microbial Science, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Section Genetic Resources and Technology, Swiss Federal Office for Agriculture, Bern, Switzerland
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Discovery pipelines for marine resources: an ocean of opportunity for biotechnology? World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 35:107. [PMID: 31267318 PMCID: PMC6606657 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-019-2685-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Marine microbial diversity offers enormous potential for discovery of compounds of crucial importance in healthcare, food security and bioindustry. However, access to it has been hampered by the difficulty of accessing and growing the organisms for study. The discovery and exploitation of marine bioproducts for research and commercial development requires state-of-the-art technologies and innovative approaches. Technologies and approaches are advancing rapidly and keeping pace is expensive and time consuming. There is a pressing need for clear guidance that will allow researchers to operate in a way that enables the optimal return on their efforts whilst being fully compliant with the current regulatory framework. One major initiative launched to achieve this, has been the advent of European Research Infrastructures. Research Infrastructures (RI) and associated centres of excellence currently build harmonized multidisciplinary workflows that support academic and private sector users. The European Marine Biological Research Infrastructure Cluster (EMBRIC) has brought together six such RIs in a European project to promote the blue bio-economy. The overarching objective is to develop coherent chains of high-quality services for access to biological, analytical and data resources providing improvements in the throughput and efficiency of workflows for discovery of novel marine products. In order to test the efficiency of this prototype pipeline for discovery, 248 rarely-grown organisms were isolated and analysed, some extracts demonstrated interesting biochemical properties and are currently undergoing further analysis. EMBRIC has established an overarching and operational structure to facilitate the integration of the multidisciplinary value chains of services to access such resources whilst enabling critical mass to focus on problem resolution.
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Scientists Should Disclose Origin in Marine Gene Patents. Trends Ecol Evol 2019; 34:392-395. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Blasiak R. International regulatory changes poised to reshape access to marine genes. Nat Biotechnol 2019; 37:357-358. [PMID: 30877280 DOI: 10.1038/s41587-019-0087-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Blasiak
- Stockholms Universitet, Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm, Sweden.
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