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Wang G, Ryu K, Dong Z, Hu Y, Ke Y, Dong Z, Long Y. Micro/nanofabrication of heat management materials for energy-efficient building facades. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2024; 10:115. [PMID: 39183234 PMCID: PMC11345463 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-024-00744-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Advanced building facades, which include windows, walls, and roofs, hold great promise for reducing building energy consumption. In recent decades, the management of heat transfer via electromagnetic radiation between buildings and outdoor environments has emerged as a critical research field aimed at regulating solar irradiation and thermal emission properties. Rapid advancements have led to the widespread utilization of advanced micro/nanofabrication techniques. This review provides the first comprehensive summary of fabrication methods for heat management materials with potential applications in energy-efficient building facades, with a particular emphasis on recent developments in fabrication processing and material property design. These methods include coating, vapor deposition, nanolithography, printing, etching, and electrospinning. Furthermore, we present our perspectives regarding their advantages and disadvantages and our opinions on the opportunities and challenges in this field. This review is expected to expedite future research by providing information on the selection, design, improvement, and development of relevant fabrication techniques for advanced materials with energy-efficient heat management capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanya Wang
- Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Keunhyuk Ryu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Zhaogang Dong
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Yuwei Hu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Yujie Ke
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore.
- School of Interdisciplinary Studies, Lingnan University, Tuen Mun, New Territories, 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - ZhiLi Dong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore.
| | - Yi Long
- Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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2
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Fu Y, Chen L, Guo Y, Shi Y, Liu Y, Zeng Y, Lin Y, Luo D. Pyramid Textured Photonic Films with High-Refractive Index Fillers for Efficient Radiative Cooling. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2404900. [PMID: 39159127 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202404900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
Sub-ambient cooling technologies relying on passive radiation have garnered escalating research attention owing to the challenges posed by global warming and substantial energy consumption inherent in active cooling systems. However, achieving highly efficient radiative cooling devices capable of effective heat dissipation remains a challenge. Herein, by synergic optimization of the micro-pyramid surface structures and 2D hexagonal boron nitride nanoplates (h-BNNs) scattering fillers, pyramid textured photonic films with remarkable solar reflectivity of 98.5% and a mid-infrared (MIR) emittance of 97.2% are presented. The h-BNNs scattering filler with high thermal conductivity contributed to the enhanced through-plane thermal conductivity up to 0.496 W m-1 K-1 and the in-plane thermal conductivity of 3.175 W m-1 K-1. The photonic films exhibit an optimized effective radiative cooling power of 201.2 W m-2 at 40 °C under a solar irradiance of 900 W m-2 and a daily sub-ambient cooling effect up to 11 °C. Even with simultaneous internal heat generation by a 10 W ceramic heater and external solar irradiance of 500 W m-2, a sub-ambient cooling of 5 °C can be realized. The synergic matching strategy of high thermal conductivity scattering fillers and microstructured photonic surfaces holds promise for scalable sub-ambient radiative cooling technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Fu
- Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Xueyuan Road 1088, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Le Chen
- School of Microelectronics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yuao Guo
- Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Xueyuan Road 1088, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yuqing Shi
- School of Microelectronics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yanjun Liu
- Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Xueyuan Road 1088, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yuqiang Zeng
- School of Microelectronics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yuanjing Lin
- School of Microelectronics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Dan Luo
- Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Xueyuan Road 1088, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- State Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber and Cable Manufacture Technology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Guangdong Provisional Key Laboratory of Functional Oxide Materials and Devices, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
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3
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Lee G, Kang H, Yun J, Chae D, Jeong M, Jeong M, Lee D, Kim M, Lee H, Rho J. Integrated triboelectric nanogenerator and radiative cooler for all-weather transparent glass surfaces. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6537. [PMID: 39095384 PMCID: PMC11297326 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50872-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Sustainable energies from weather are the most ubiquitous and non-depleted resources. However, existing devices exploiting weather-dependent energies are sensitive to weather conditions and geographical locations, making their universal applicability challenging. Herein, we propose an all-weather sustainable glass surface integrating a triboelectric nanogenerator and radiative cooler, which serves as a sustainable device, harvesting energy from raindrops and saving energy on sunny days. By systematically designing transparent, high-performance triboelectric layers, functioning as thermal emitters simultaneously, particularly compatible with radiative cooling components optimized with an evolutionary algorithm, our proposed device achieves optimal performance for all-weather-dependent energies. We generate 248.28 Wm-2 from a single droplet with an energy conversion ratio of 2.5%. Moreover, the inner temperature is cooled down by a maximum of 24.1 °C compared to pristine glass. Notably, as the proposed device is realized to provide high transparency up to 80% in the visible range, we are confident that our proposed device can be applied to versatile applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geon Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjung Kang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jooyeong Yun
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongwoo Chae
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Minsu Jeong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Minseo Jeong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Dasol Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Miso Kim
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, Republic of Korea
- SKKU Institute of Energy Science and Engineering (SIEST), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Heon Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Junsuk Rho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea.
- POSCO-POSTECH-RIST Convergence Research Center for Flat Optics and Metaphotonics, Pohang, Republic of Korea.
- National Institute of Nanomaterials Technology (NINT), Pohang, Republic of Korea.
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Liu BY, Wu J, Xue CH, Zeng Y, Liang J, Zhang S, Liu M, Ma CQ, Wang Z, Tao G. Bioinspired Superhydrophobic All-In-One Coating for Adaptive Thermoregulation. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2400745. [PMID: 38810961 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202400745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
The development of scalable and passive coatings that can adapt to seasonal temperature changes while maintaining superhydrophobic self-cleaning functions is crucial for their practical applications. However, the incorporation of passive cooling and heating functions with conflicting optical properties in a superhydrophobic coating is still challenging. Herein, an all-in-one coating inspired by the hierarchical structure of a lotus leaf that combines surface wettability, optical structure, and temperature self-adaptation is obtained through a simple one-step phase separation process. This coating exhibits an asymmetrical gradient structure with surface-embedded hydrophobic SiO2 particles and subsurface thermochromic microcapsules within vertically distributed hierarchical porous structures. Moreover, the coating imparts superhydrophobicity, high infrared emission, and thermo-switchable sunlight reflectivity, enabling autonomous transitions between radiative cooling and solar warming. The all-in-one coating prevents contamination and over-cooling caused by traditional radiative cooling materials, opening up new prospects for the large-scale manufacturing of intelligent thermoregulatory coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Ying Liu
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Jiawei Wu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
- School of Physical Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Chao-Hua Xue
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Yijun Zeng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jun Liang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
- School of Physical Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Shiliang Zhang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
- School of Physical Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Mingxiang Liu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
- School of Physical Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Chao-Qun Ma
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Zuankai Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Guangming Tao
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
- School of Physical Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
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5
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Zhang R, Sun N, Zhao Z, Wang S, Zhang M, Zhao L, Liu Y, Feng S. Bionic dual-scale structured films for efficient passive radiative cooling accompanied by robust durability. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2024; 9:1354-1363. [PMID: 38885043 DOI: 10.1039/d4nh00136b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Passive radiative cooling (PRC), as an energy-free cooling approach, is ingeniously harnessed for certain natural organisms to withstand extreme high-temperature climates, which has inspired numerous bionic designs. However, it is a great challenge to enhance the durability of the designed materials in practical scenarios while inheriting the natural biological principles. We demonstrate bionic dual-scale structured (BDSS) films for efficient passive radiative cooling accompanied by robust durability after discovering the excellent thermoregulatory properties of the inner surface of Hawaiian scallop shell. We found that the inner surface of the shell consists of large-scale triangular ridges scattered with small-scale terrace steps. This dual-scale structure can enhance the reflectivity of sunlight by efficient Mie scattering and increase the emissivity in the mid-infrared range by lengthening the propagation of photons, thereby decreasing the surface temperature. Underpinned by this finding, we developed a BDSS film that features a strong solar spectrum reflectivity of 0.95 and a high mid-infrared emissivity of 0.98, achieving a sub-ambient cooling of 10.8 °C under direct sunlight. Additionally, the designed films possess robust durability including excellent self-cleaning, flexibility, mechanical strength, chemical stability, and anti-ultraviolet radiation, which is promising for thermal thermoregulation in various harsh scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of High-performance Precision Manufacturing, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China.
| | - Ningning Sun
- State Key Laboratory of High-performance Precision Manufacturing, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China.
| | - Zehong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of High-performance Precision Manufacturing, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China.
| | - Shixu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of High-performance Precision Manufacturing, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China.
| | - Mengfan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of High-performance Precision Manufacturing, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China.
| | - Lei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of High-performance Precision Manufacturing, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China.
| | - Yahua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of High-performance Precision Manufacturing, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China.
| | - Shile Feng
- State Key Laboratory of High-performance Precision Manufacturing, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China.
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6
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Zhao X, Li J, Dong K, Wu J. Switchable and Tunable Radiative Cooling: Mechanisms, Applications, and Perspectives. ACS NANO 2024; 18:18118-18128. [PMID: 38951984 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c05929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
The cost of annual energy consumption in buildings in the United States exceeds 430 billion dollars ( Science 2019, 364 (6442), 760-763), of which about 48% is used for space thermal management (https://www.iea.org/reports/global-status-report-for-buildings-and-construction-2019), revealing the urgent need for efficient thermal management of buildings and dwellings. Radiative cooling technologies, combined with the booming photonic and microfabrication technologies ( Nature 2014, 515 (7528), 540-544), enable energy-free cooling by radiative heat transfer to outer space through the atmospheric transparent window ( Nat. Commun. 2024, 15 (1), 815). To pursue all-season energy savings in climates with large temperature variations, switchable and tunable radiative coolers (STRC) have emerged in recent years and quickly gained broad attention. This Perspective introduces the existing STRC technologies and analyzes their benefits and challenges in future large-scale applications, suggesting ways for the development of future STRCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuzhe Zhao
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Institute of Data and Information, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
- Center of Double Helix, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Jiachen Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Kaichen Dong
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Institute of Data and Information, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
- Center of Double Helix, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Junqiao Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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7
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Park M, Grbčić L, Motameni P, Song S, Singh A, Malagrino D, Elzouka M, Vahabi PH, Todeschini A, de Jong WA, Prasher R, Zorba V, Lubner SD. Inverse Design of Photonic Surfaces via High throughput Femtosecond Laser Processing and Tandem Neural Networks. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2401951. [PMID: 38685587 PMCID: PMC11234413 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202401951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
This work demonstrates a method to design photonic surfaces by combining femtosecond laser processing with the inverse design capabilities of tandem neural networks that directly link laser fabrication parameters to their resulting textured substrate optical properties. High throughput fabrication and characterization platforms are developed that generate a dataset comprising 35280 unique microtextured surfaces on stainless steel with corresponding measured spectral emissivities. The trained model utilizes the nonlinear one-to-many mapping between spectral emissivity and laser parameters. Consequently, it generates predominantly novel designs, which reproduce the full range of spectral emissivities (average root-mean-squared-error < 2.5%) using only a compact region of laser parameter space 25 times smaller than what is represented in the training data. Finally, the inverse design model is experimentally validated on a thermophotovoltaic emitter design application. By synergizing laser-matter interactions with neural network capabilities, the approach offers insights into accelerating the discovery of photonic surfaces, advancing energy harvesting technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minok Park
- Energy Technologies AreaLawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA94720USA
| | - Luka Grbčić
- Applied Mathematics and Computational Research DivisionLawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA94720USA
| | - Parham Motameni
- School of InformationUniversity of California at BerkeleyBerkeleyCA94709USA
| | - Spencer Song
- School of InformationUniversity of California at BerkeleyBerkeleyCA94709USA
| | - Alok Singh
- Energy Technologies AreaLawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA94720USA
| | - Dante Malagrino
- School of InformationUniversity of California at BerkeleyBerkeleyCA94709USA
| | - Mahmoud Elzouka
- Energy Technologies AreaLawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA94720USA
| | - Puya H. Vahabi
- School of InformationUniversity of California at BerkeleyBerkeleyCA94709USA
| | - Alberto Todeschini
- School of Computer Science & Information TechnologyLucerne University of Applied Sciences and ArtsLucerne6343Switzerland
| | - Wibe Albert de Jong
- Applied Mathematics and Computational Research DivisionLawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA94720USA
| | - Ravi Prasher
- Energy Technologies AreaLawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA94720USA
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of California at BerkeleyBerkeleyCA94709USA
| | - Vassilia Zorba
- Energy Technologies AreaLawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA94720USA
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of California at BerkeleyBerkeleyCA94709USA
| | - Sean D. Lubner
- Energy Technologies AreaLawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA94720USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Division of Materials Science and EngineeringBoston UniversityBostonMA02215USA
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8
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Liu R, Wang S, Zhou Z, Zhang K, Wang G, Chen C, Long Y. Materials in Radiative Cooling Technologies. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2401577. [PMID: 38497602 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202401577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Radiative cooling (RC) is a carbon-neutral cooling technology that utilizes thermal radiation to dissipate heat from the Earth's surface to the cold outer space. Research in the field of RC has garnered increasing interest from both academia and industry due to its potential to drive sustainable economic and environmental benefits to human society by reducing energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions from conventional cooling systems. Materials innovation is the key to fully exploit the potential of RC. This review aims to elucidate the materials development with a focus on the design strategy including their intrinsic properties, structural formations, and performance improvement. The main types of RC materials, i.e., static-homogeneous, static-composite, dynamic, and multifunctional materials, are systematically overviewed. Future trends, possible challenges, and potential solutions are presented with perspectives in the concluding part, aiming to provide a roadmap for the future development of advanced RC materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Liu
- Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Shancheng Wang
- Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Zhengui Zhou
- Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Keyi Zhang
- Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Guanya Wang
- Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Changyuan Chen
- Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Yi Long
- Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
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9
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Song J, Shen Q, Shao H, Deng X. Anti-Environmental Aging Passive Daytime Radiative Cooling. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2305664. [PMID: 38148594 PMCID: PMC10933639 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202305664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Passive daytime radiative cooling technology presents a sustainable solution for combating global warming and accompanying extreme weather, with great potential for diverse applications. The key characteristics of this cooling technology are the ability to reflect most sunlight and radiate heat through the atmospheric transparency window. However, the required high solar reflectance is easily affected by environmental aging, rendering the cooling ineffective. In recent years, significant advancements have been made in understanding the failure mechanisms, design strategies, and manufacturing technologies of daytime radiative cooling. Herein, a critical review on anti-environmental aging passive daytime radiative cooling with the goal of advancing their commercial applications is presented. It is first introduced the optical mechanisms and optimization principles of radiative cooling, which serve as a basis for further endowing environmental durability. Then the environmental aging conditions of passive daytime radiative cooling, mainly focusing on UV exposure, thermal aging, surface contamination and chemical corrosion are discussed. Furthermore, the developments of anti-environmental aging passive daytime radiative cooling materials, including design strategies, fabrication techniques, structures, and performances, are reviewed and classified for the first time. Last but not the least, the remaining open challenges and the insights are presented for the further promotion of the commercialization progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianing Song
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier SciencesUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu610054China
| | - Qingchen Shen
- Bio‐inspired Photonics GroupYusuf Hamied Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeLensfield RoadCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
| | - Huijuan Shao
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier SciencesUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu610054China
| | - Xu Deng
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier SciencesUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu610054China
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10
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Wang S, Wu Y, Pu M, Xu M, Zhang R, Yu T, Li X, Ma X, Su Y, Tai H, Guo Y, Luo X. A Versatile Strategy for Concurrent Passive Daytime Radiative Cooling and Sustainable Energy Harvesting. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2305706. [PMID: 37788906 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202305706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Developing versatile systems that can concurrently achieve energy saving and energy generation is critical to accelerate carbon neutrality. However, challenges on designing highly effective, large scale, and multifunctional photonic film hinder the concurrent combination of passive daytime radiative cooling (PDRC) and utilization of sustainable clean energies. Herein, a versatile scalable photonic film (Ecoflex@h-BN) with washable property and excellent mechanical stability is developed by combining the excellent scattering efficiency of the hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) nanoplates with the high infrared emissivity and ideal triboelectric negative property of the Ecoflex matrix. Strikingly, sufficiently high solar reflectance (0.92) and ideal emissivity (0.97) endow the Ecoflex@h-BN film with subambient cooling effect of ≈9.5 °C at midday during the continuous outdoor measurements. In addition, the PDRC Ecoflex@h-BN film-based triboelectric nanogenerator (PDRC-TENG) exhibits a maximum peak power density of 0.5 W m-2 . By reasonable structure design, the PDRC-TENG accomplishes effective wind energy harvesting and can successfully drive the electronic device. Meanwhile, an on-skin PDRC-TENG is fabricated to harvest human motion energy and monitor moving states. This research provides a novel design of a multifunctional PDRC photonic film, and offers a versatile strategy to realize concurrent PDRC and sustainable energies harvesting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Optical Technologies on Nano-Fabrication and Micro-Engineering, Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610209, China
| | - Yingjie Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Optical Technologies on Nano-Fabrication and Micro-Engineering, Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610209, China
- Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronic Technology and Systems of the Education Ministry, College of Opto-electronic Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Mingbo Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Optical Technologies on Nano-Fabrication and Micro-Engineering, Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610209, China
- Research Center on Vector Optical Fields, Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610209, China
| | - Mingfeng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Optical Technologies on Nano-Fabrication and Micro-Engineering, Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610209, China
- Research Center on Vector Optical Fields, Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610209, China
| | - Renyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Optical Technologies on Nano-Fabrication and Micro-Engineering, Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610209, China
| | - Tao Yu
- Tianfu Xinglong Lake Laboratory, Chengdu, 610299, China
| | - Xiong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Optical Technologies on Nano-Fabrication and Micro-Engineering, Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610209, China
| | - Xiaoliang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Optical Technologies on Nano-Fabrication and Micro-Engineering, Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610209, China
| | - Yuanjie Su
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Huiling Tai
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Yongcai Guo
- Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronic Technology and Systems of the Education Ministry, College of Opto-electronic Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Xiangang Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Optical Technologies on Nano-Fabrication and Micro-Engineering, Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610209, China
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11
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So S, Yun J, Ko B, Lee D, Kim M, Noh J, Park C, Park J, Rho J. Radiative Cooling for Energy Sustainability: From Fundamentals to Fabrication Methods Toward Commercialization. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2305067. [PMID: 37949679 PMCID: PMC10787071 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202305067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Radiative cooling, a technology that lowers the temperature of terrestrial objects by dissipating heat into outer space, presents a promising ecologically-benign solution for sustainable cooling. Recent years witness substantial progress in radiative cooling technologies, bringing them closer to commercialization. This comprehensive review provides a structured overview of radiative cooling technologies, encompassing essential principles, fabrication techniques, and practical applications, with the goal of guiding researchers toward successful commercialization. The review begins by introducing the fundamentals of radiative cooling and the associated design strategies to achieve it. Then, various fabrication methods utilized for the realization of radiative cooling devices are thoroughly discussed. This discussion includes detailed assessments of scalability, fabrication costs, and performance considerations, encompassing both structural designs and fabrication techniques. Building upon these insights, potential fabrication approaches suitable for practical applications and commercialization are proposed. Further, the recent efforts made toward the practical applications of radiative cooling technology, including its visual appearance, switching capability, and compatibility are examined. By encompassing a broad range of topics, from fundamental principles to fabrication and applications, this review aims to bridge the gap between theoretical research and real-world implementation, fostering the advancement and widespread adoption of radiative cooling technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunae So
- Graduate School of Artificial Intelligence, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
- Department of Electro-Mechanical Systems Engineering, Korea University, Sejong, 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Jooyeong Yun
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoungsu Ko
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Dasol Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, 26493, Republic of Korea
| | - Minkyung Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaebum Noh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Cherry Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Junkyeong Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Junsuk Rho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
- POSCO-POSTECH-RIST Convergence Research Center for Flat Optics and Metaphotonics, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
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12
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Chae D, Lee SY, Lim H, Son S, Ha J, Park J, Park JH, Oh SJ, Lee H. Vivid Colored Cooling Structure Managing Full Solar Spectrum via Near-Infrared Reflection and Photoluminescence. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:58274-58285. [PMID: 38051105 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c08790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Colored radiative cooling (CRC) offers an attractive alternative for surface and space cooling, while preserving the aesthetics of an object. However, there has been no study on the CRC using phosphors in regard to vivid coloration, sophisticated performance investigation, retention of properties, functionality, and structural flexibility all at once. Thus, to manage the entire solar spectrum, a colored cooling structure comprising a near-infrared (NIR)-reflective bottom layer and a top colored layer with a phosphor-embedded polymer matrix is proposed. The structure is paintable, vividly colored, hydrophobic, and ultraviolet (UV) and water resistant. In the daytime outdoor measurement, the structure with red, orange, and yellow colors exhibited lower temperature than a control group using commercial white paint by 4.7 °C, 7.2 °C, and 7.4 °C, respectively. After precise theoretical and experimental time-tracing temperature validation, the CRC performance enhancement from NIR reflection and photoluminescence effects was thoroughly analyzed, and a temperature reduction of up to 16.1 °C was achieved for the orange-colored structure. Furthermore, experiments of hydrophobicity infusion and exposure to UV and deionized water verified the durability of the colored cooling structure. In addition, flexible-film-type colored cooling structures were demonstrated using different bottom reflective layers, such as a silver thin film and porous aluminum oxide particle-embedded poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene), suggesting the potential applicability of these colored cooling structures for vivid-colored, functional, and durable CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongwoo Chae
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Anam-ro 145, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Yeop Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Anam-ro 145, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hangyu Lim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Anam-ro 145, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Soomin Son
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Anam-ro 145, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisung Ha
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Anam-ro 145, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaein Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Anam-ro 145, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Hyeok Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Anam-ro 145, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Soong Ju Oh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Anam-ro 145, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Heon Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Anam-ro 145, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- ZERC, 620, New Engineering building, 73-15, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul Republic of Korea
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13
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Zhu Y, Zhou Y, Qin B, Qin R, Qiu M, Li Q. Night-time radiative warming using the atmosphere. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2023; 12:268. [PMID: 37949868 PMCID: PMC10638402 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-023-01315-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Night-time warming is vital for human production and daily life. Conventional methods like active heaters are energy-intensive, while passive insulating films possess restrictions regarding space consumption and the lack of heat gain. In this work, a nanophotonic-based night-time warming strategy that passively inhibits thermal radiation of objects while actively harnessing that of atmosphere is proposed. By using a photonic-engineered thin film that exhibits high reflectivity (~0.91) in the atmospheric transparent band (8-14 μm) and high absorptivity (~0.7) in the atmospheric radiative band (5-8 and 14-16 μm), temperature rise of 2.1 °C/4.4 °C compared to typical low-e film and broadband absorber is achieved. Moreover, net heat loss as low as 9 W m-2 is experimentally observed, compared to 16 and 39 W m-2 for low-e film and broadband absorber, respectively. This strategy suggests an innovative way for sustainable warming, thus contributes to addressing the challenges of climate change and promoting global carbon neutrality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yining Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Yiwei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Bing Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Rui Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Min Qiu
- Key Laboratory of 3D Micro/Nano Fabrication and Characterization of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310024, China
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Qiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
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14
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Kim H, Yoo YJ, Yun JH, Heo SY, Song YM, Yeo WH. Outdoor Worker Stress Monitoring Electronics with Nanofabric Radiative Cooler-Based Thermal Management. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2301104. [PMID: 37548604 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202301104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Severe stress endangers outdoor workers who are in an exceedingly hot workplace. Although recent studies quantify stress levels on the human skin, they still rely on rigid, bulky sensor modules, causing data loss from motion artifacts and limited field-deployability for continuous health monitoring. Moreover, no prior work shows a wearable device that can endure heat exposure while showing continuous monitoring of a subject's stress under realistic working environments. Herein, a soft, field-deployable, wearable bioelectronic system is introduced for detecting outdoor workers' stress levels with negligible motion artifacts and controllable thermal management. A nanofabric radiative cooler (NFRC) and miniaturized sensors with a nanomembrane soft electronic platform are integrated to measure stable electrodermal activities and temperature in hot outdoor conditions. The NFRC exhibits outstanding cooling performance in sub-ambient air with high solar reflectivity and high thermal emissivity. The integrated wearable device with all embedded electronic components and the NFRC shows a lower temperature (41.1%) in sub-ambient air than the NFRC-less device while capturing improved operation time (18.2%). In vivo human study of the bioelectronics with agricultural activities demonstrates the device's capability for portable, continuous, real-time health monitoring of outdoor workers with field deployability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hojoong Kim
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- IEN Center for Human-Centric Interfaces and Engineering, Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Young Jin Yoo
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Ho Yun
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Yeon Heo
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Min Song
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
- Anti-Viral Research Center, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
- AI Graduate School, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Woon-Hong Yeo
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- IEN Center for Human-Centric Interfaces and Engineering, Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Institute for Materials, Neural Engineering Center, Institute for Robotics and Intelligent Machines, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
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15
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Altamimi MMS, Saeed U, Al-Turaif H. BaSO 4/TiO 2 Microparticle Embedded in Polyvinylidene Fluoride-Co-Hexafluoropropylene/Polytetrafluoroethylene Polymer Film for Daytime Radiative Cooling. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3876. [PMID: 37835925 PMCID: PMC10574871 DOI: 10.3390/polym15193876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiative cooling is a new large-scale cooling technology with the promise of lowering costs and decreasing global warning. Currently, daytime radiative cooling is achieved via the application of reflective metal layers and complicated multilayer structures, limiting its application on a massive scale. In our research, we explored and tested the daytime subambient cooling effect with the help of single-layer films consisting of BaSO4, TiO2, and BaSO4/TiO2 microparticles embedded in PVDF/PTFE polymers. The film, consisting of BaSO4/TiO2 microparticles, offers a low solar absorbance and high atmospheric window emissivity. The solar reflectance is enhanced by micropores in the PVDF/PTFE polymers, without any significant influence on the thermal emissivity. The BaSO4/TiO2/PVDF/PTFE microparticle film attains 0.97 solar reflectance and 0.95 high sky-window emissivity when the broadly distributed pore size reaches 180 nm. Our field test demonstrated that the single-layer BaSO4/TiO2/PVDF/PTFE microparticle film achieved a temperature 5.2 °C below the ambient temperature and accomplished a cooling power of 74 W/m2. Also, the results show that, when the humidity rises from 33% to 38% at 12:30 pm, it hinders the cooling of the body surface and lowers the cooling effect to 8%.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Usman Saeed
- Chemical and Materials Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah P.O. Box 80200, Saudi Arabia; (M.M.S.A.); (H.A.-T.)
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16
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Jeon SK, Kim JT, Kim MS, Kim IS, Park SJ, Jeong H, Lee GJ, Kim YJ. Scalable, Patternable Glass-Infiltrated Ceramic Radiative Coolers for Energy-Saving Architectural Applications. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2302701. [PMID: 37485641 PMCID: PMC10520670 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202302701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
A huge concern on global climate/energy crises has triggered intense development of radiative coolers (RCs), which are promising green-cooling technologies. The continuous efforts on RCs have fast-tracked notable energy-savings by minimizing solar absorption and maximizing thermal emission. Recently, in addition to spectral optimization, ceramic-based thermally insulative RCs are reported to improve thermoregulation by suppressing heat gain from the surroundings. However, a high temperature co-firing process of ceramic-based thick film inevitably results in a large mismatch of structural parameters between designed and fabricated components, thereby breaking spectral optimization. Here, this article proposes a scalable, non-shrinkable, patternable, and thermally insulative ceramic RC (SNPT-RC) using a roll-to-roll process, which can fill a vital niche in the field of radiative cooling. A stand-alone SNPT-RC exhibits excellent thermal insulation (≈0.251 W m-1 K-1 ) with flame-resistivity and high solar reflectance/long-wave emissivity (≈96% and 92%, respectively). Alternate stacks of intermediate porous alumina/borosilicate (Al2 O3 -BS) layers not only result in outstanding thermal and spectral characteristics, causing excellent sub-ambient cooling (i.e., 7.05 °C cooling), but also non-shrinkable feature. Moreover, a perforated SNPT-RC demonstrates its versatility as a breathable radiative cooling shade and as a semi-transparent window, making it a highly promising technology for practical deployment in energy-saving architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Kyu Jeon
- Ceramic Total Solution CenterKorea Institute of Ceramic Engineering and Technology3321, Gyeongchung‐daero, Sindun‐myeon, Icheon‐si, Gyeonggi‐doIcheon17303Republic of Korea
| | - June Tae Kim
- Department of Electronics EngineeringPusan National University2, Busandaehak‐ro 63 beon‐gilBusan46241Republic of Korea
| | - Min Seong Kim
- Department of Electronics EngineeringPusan National University2, Busandaehak‐ro 63 beon‐gilBusan46241Republic of Korea
| | - In Soo Kim
- Nanophotonics Research CenterKorea Institute of Science and Technology5. Hwarang‐ro 14‐gil, Seongbuk‐guSeoul02792Republic of Korea
- KIST‐SKKU Carbon‐Neutral Research CenterSungkyunkwan University (SKKU)Suwon16419Republic of Korea
- School of Advanced Materials Science and EngineeringSungkyunkwan University (SKKU)Suwon16419Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Jin Park
- Ceramic Total Solution CenterKorea Institute of Ceramic Engineering and Technology3321, Gyeongchung‐daero, Sindun‐myeon, Icheon‐si, Gyeonggi‐doIcheon17303Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeondeok Jeong
- Carbon Composite Materials Research CenterKorea Institute of Science and Technology92 Chudong‐ro, Bongdong‐eupWanju‐gunJeonbuk55324Republic of Korea
| | - Gil Ju Lee
- Department of Electronics EngineeringPusan National University2, Busandaehak‐ro 63 beon‐gilBusan46241Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong Jae Kim
- Ceramic Total Solution CenterKorea Institute of Ceramic Engineering and Technology3321, Gyeongchung‐daero, Sindun‐myeon, Icheon‐si, Gyeonggi‐doIcheon17303Republic of Korea
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17
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Jia Y, Liu D, Chen D, Jin Y, Chen C, Tao J, Cheng H, Zhou S, Cheng B, Wang X, Meng Z, Liu T. Transparent dynamic infrared emissivity regulators. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5087. [PMID: 37607928 PMCID: PMC10444874 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40902-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Dynamic infrared emissivity regulators, which can efficiently modulate infrared radiation beyond vision, have emerged as an attractive technology in the energy and information fields. The realization of the independent modulation of visible and infrared spectra is a challenging and important task for the application of dynamic infrared emissivity regulators in the fields of smart thermal management and multispectral camouflage. Here, we demonstrate an electrically controlled infrared emissivity regulator that can achieve independent modulation of the infrared emissivity while maintaining a high visible transparency (84.7% at 400-760 nm). The regulators show high degree of emissivity regulation (0.51 at 3-5 μm, 0.41 at 7.5-13 μm), fast response ( < 600 ms), and long cycle life ( > 104 cycles). The infrared emissivity regulation is attributed to the modification of the carrier concentration in the surface depletion layer of aluminum-doped zinc oxide nanocrystals. This transparent infrared emissivity regulator provides opportunities for applications such as on-demand smart thermal management, multispectral displays, and adaptive camouflage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Jia
- Science and Technology on Advanced Ceramic Fibers and Composites Laboratory, College of Aerospace Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Dongqing Liu
- Science and Technology on Advanced Ceramic Fibers and Composites Laboratory, College of Aerospace Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, P.R. China.
| | - Desui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Excited-State Materials of Zhejiang Province, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yizheng Jin
- Key Laboratory of Excited-State Materials of Zhejiang Province, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Chen Chen
- Science and Technology on Advanced Ceramic Fibers and Composites Laboratory, College of Aerospace Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Jundong Tao
- Science and Technology on Advanced Ceramic Fibers and Composites Laboratory, College of Aerospace Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Haifeng Cheng
- Science and Technology on Advanced Ceramic Fibers and Composites Laboratory, College of Aerospace Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, P.R. China.
| | - Shen Zhou
- Science and Technology on Advanced Ceramic Fibers and Composites Laboratory, College of Aerospace Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, P.R. China
- Institute for Quantum Science and Technology, College of Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Baizhang Cheng
- Science and Technology on Advanced Ceramic Fibers and Composites Laboratory, College of Aerospace Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Xinfei Wang
- Science and Technology on Advanced Ceramic Fibers and Composites Laboratory, College of Aerospace Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Meng
- Science and Technology on Advanced Ceramic Fibers and Composites Laboratory, College of Aerospace Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Tianwen Liu
- Science and Technology on Advanced Ceramic Fibers and Composites Laboratory, College of Aerospace Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, P.R. China
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18
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Lee M, Kim G, Jung Y, Pyun KR, Lee J, Kim BW, Ko SH. Photonic structures in radiative cooling. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2023; 12:134. [PMID: 37264035 PMCID: PMC10235094 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-023-01119-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Radiative cooling is a passive cooling technology without any energy consumption, compared to conventional cooling technologies that require power sources and dump waste heat into the surroundings. For decades, many radiative cooling studies have been introduced but its applications are mostly restricted to nighttime use only. Recently, the emergence of photonic technologies to achieves daytime radiative cooling overcome the performance limitations. For example, broadband and selective emissions in mid-IR and high reflectance in the solar spectral range have already been demonstrated. This review article discusses the fundamentals of thermodynamic heat transfer that motivates radiative cooling. Several photonic structures such as multilayer, periodical, random; derived from nature, and associated design procedures were thoroughly discussed. Photonic integration with new functionality significantly enhances the efficiency of radiative cooling technologies such as colored, transparent, and switchable radiative cooling applications has been developed. The commercial applications such as reducing cooling loads in vehicles, increasing the power generation of solar cells, generating electricity, saving water, and personal thermal regulation are also summarized. Lastly, perspectives on radiative cooling and emerging issues with potential solution strategies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjae Lee
- Applied Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
- Electronic Device Research Team, Hyundai Motor Group, 37, Cheoldobangmulgwan-ro, Uiwang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16082, South Korea
| | - Gwansik Kim
- E-drive Materials Research Team, Hyundai Motor Group, 37, Cheoldobangmulgwan-ro, Uiwang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16082, South Korea
| | - Yeongju Jung
- Applied Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Kyung Rok Pyun
- Applied Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Jinwoo Lee
- Department of Mechanical Robotics, and Energy Engineering, Dongguk University, 30 pildong-ro 1-gil, Jung-gu, Seoul, 04620, South Korea
| | - Byung-Wook Kim
- E-drive Materials Research Team, Hyundai Motor Group, 37, Cheoldobangmulgwan-ro, Uiwang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16082, South Korea.
- Department of Civil Engineering and Engineering Mechanics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA.
| | - Seung Hwan Ko
- Applied Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea.
- Institute of Advanced Machinery and Design (SNU-IAMD)/Institute of Engineering Research, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea.
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19
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Gao W, Chen Y. Emerging Materials and Strategies for Passive Daytime Radiative Cooling. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2206145. [PMID: 36604963 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202206145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, the growing demands for energy saving and accompanying heat mitigation concerns, together with the vital goal for carbon neutrality, have drawn human attention to the zero-energy-consumption cooling technique. Recent breakthroughs in passive daytime radiative cooling (PDRC) might be a potent approach to combat the energy crisis and environmental challenges by directly dissipating ambient heat from the Earth to the cold outer space instead of only moving the heat across the Earth's surface. Despite significant progress in cooling mechanisms, materials design, and application exploration, PDRC faces potential functionalization, durability, and commercialization challenges. Herein, emerging materials and rational strategies for PDRC devices are reviewed. First, the fundamental physics and thermodynamic concepts of PDRC are examined, followed by a discussion on several categories of PDRC devices developed to date according to their implementation mechanism and material properties. Emerging strategies for performance enhancement and specific functions of PDRC are discussed in detail. Potential applications and possible directions for designing next-generation high-efficiency PDRC are also discussed. It is hoped that this review will contribute to exciting advances in PDRC and aid its potential applications in various fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Heat Fluid Flow Technology and Energy Application, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, P. R. China
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Yongping Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Heat Fluid Flow Technology and Energy Application, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, P. R. China
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20
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Li J, Fu Y, Zhou J, Yao K, Ma X, Gao S, Wang Z, Dai JG, Lei D, Yu X. Ultrathin, soft, radiative cooling interfaces for advanced thermal management in skin electronics. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadg1837. [PMID: 37027471 PMCID: PMC10081843 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg1837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Thermal management plays a notable role in electronics, especially for the emerging wearable and skin electronics, as the level of integration, multifunction, and miniaturization of such electronics is determined by thermal management. Here, we report a generic thermal management strategy by using an ultrathin, soft, radiative-cooling interface (USRI), which allows cooling down the temperature in skin electronics through both radiative and nonradiative heat transfer, achieving temperature reduction greater than 56°C. The light and intrinsically flexible nature of the USRI enables its use as a conformable sealing layer and hence can be readily integrated with skin electronics. Demonstrations include passive cooling down of Joule heat for flexible circuits, improving working efficiency for epidermal electronics, and stabling performance outputs for skin-interfaced wireless photoplethysmography sensors. These results offer an alternative pathway toward achieving effective thermal management in advanced skin-interfaced electronics for multifunctionally and wirelessly operated health care monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyu Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Center for Cerebra-Cardiovascular Health Engineering, Hong Kong Science Park, New Territories 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yang Fu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Hong Kong Institute of Clean Energy, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jingkun Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Center for Cerebra-Cardiovascular Health Engineering, Hong Kong Science Park, New Territories 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kuanming Yao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xue Ma
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Hong Kong Institute of Clean Energy, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shouwei Gao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zuankai Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jian-Guo Dai
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dangyuan Lei
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Hong Kong Institute of Clean Energy, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xinge Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Center for Cerebra-Cardiovascular Health Engineering, Hong Kong Science Park, New Territories 999077, Hong Kong, China
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21
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Park S, Pal SK, Otoufat T, Kim G. Radiative-Cooling Composites with Enhanced Infrared Emissivity by Structural Infrared Scattering through Indium Tin Oxide Nanoparticles in a Polymer Matrix. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:16026-16033. [PMID: 36920422 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c00143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Radiative cooling has attracted tremendous interest as it can tackle global warming by saving energy consumption in heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) in buildings. Polymer materials play an important role in radiative cooling owing to their high infrared emissivity. Along this line, numerous studies on optically optimized geometries were carried out to enhance the selective wavelength absorption for high infrared emissivity; however, the polymer material itself relatively was not investigated and optimized enough. Herein, we investigate the infrared radiation (IR) absorption coefficient of various polymer types, and introduce a new concept of radiative-cooling composites. By dispersing the IR scattering medium in a polymer matrix, IR can be effectively scattered and attenuated by the polymer matrix. Indium tin oxide was utilized as the IR scattering medium in a cellulose acetate polymer matrix in this report. The window film was made with this composite and showed an effective cooling performance by outdoor thermal evaluation. This composite opens a new venue to endow materials with enhanced radiative-cooling property regardless of the polymer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanghun Park
- Biomedical Manufacturing Technology Center, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Yeongcheon 38822, Republic of Korea
| | - Sudip Kumar Pal
- Biomedical Manufacturing Technology Center, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Yeongcheon 38822, Republic of Korea
| | - Tohid Otoufat
- Biomedical Manufacturing Technology Center, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Yeongcheon 38822, Republic of Korea
| | - Gunwoo Kim
- Biomedical Manufacturing Technology Center, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Yeongcheon 38822, Republic of Korea
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22
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Han WB, Heo SY, Kim D, Yang SM, Ko GJ, Lee GJ, Kim DJ, Rajaram K, Lee JH, Shin JW, Jang TM, Han S, Kang H, Lim JH, Kim DH, Kim SH, Song YM, Hwang SW. Zebra-inspired stretchable, biodegradable radiation modulator for all-day sustainable energy harvesters. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadf5883. [PMID: 36724224 PMCID: PMC9891689 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adf5883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in passive radiative cooling systems describe a variety of strategies to enhance cooling efficiency, while the integration of such technology with a bioinspired design using biodegradable materials can offer a research opportunity to generate energy in a sustainable manner, favorable for the temperature/climate system of the planet. Here, we introduce stretchable and ecoresorbable radiative cooling/heating systems engineered with zebra stripe-like patterns that enable the generation of a large in-plane temperature gradient for thermoelectric generation. A comprehensive study of materials with theoretical evaluations validates the ability to accomplish the target performances even under external mechanical strains, while all systems eventually disappear under physiological conditions. Use of the zebra print for selective radiative heating demonstrates an unexpected level of temperature difference compared to use of radiative cooling emitters alone, which enables producing energy through resorbable silicon-based thermoelectric devices. The overall result suggests the potential of scalable, ecofriendly renewable energy systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Bae Han
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Yeon Heo
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghak Kim
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- Center for Biomaterials, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), 5 Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Min Yang
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwan-Jin Ko
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Gil Ju Lee
- Department of Electronics Engineering, Pusan National University, 2 Busandaehak-ro, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Je Kim
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Kaveti Rajaram
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Joong Hoon Lee
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Woong Shin
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Min Jang
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungkeun Han
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Heeseok Kang
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Hyeon Lim
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Hyeon Kim
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Hyun Kim
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- Center for Biomaterials, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), 5 Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Min Song
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
- Artificial Intelligence (AI) Graduate School, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk-Won Hwang
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- Center for Biomaterials, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), 5 Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Department of Integrative Energy Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
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23
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Kang J, Yoo YJ, Ko JH, Mahmud AA, Song YM. Trilayered Gires-Tournois Resonator with Ultrasensitive Slow-Light Condition for Colorimetric Detection of Bioparticles. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:319. [PMID: 36678071 PMCID: PMC9865847 DOI: 10.3390/nano13020319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Over the past few decades, advances in various nanophotonic structures to enhance light-matter interactions have opened numerous opportunities for biosensing applications. Beyond the successful development of label-free nanophotonic biosensors that utilize plasmon resonances in metals and Mie resonances in dielectrics, simpler structures are required to achieve improved sensor performance and multifunctionality, while enabling cost-effective fabrication. Here, we present a simple and effectual approach to colorimetric biosensing utilizing a trilayered Gires-Tournois (GT) resonator, which provides a sensitive slow-light effect in response to low refractive index (RI) substances and thus enables to distinguish low RI bioparticles from the background with spatially distinct color differences. For low RI sensitivity, by impedance matching based on the transmission line model, trilayer configuration enables the derivation of optimal designs to achieve the unity absorption condition in a low RI medium, which is difficult to obtain with the conventional GT configuration. Compared to conventional bilayered GT resonators, the trilayered GT resonator shows significant sensing performance with linear sensitivity in various situations with low RI substances. For extended applications, several proposed designs of trilayered GT resonators are presented in various material combinations by impedance matching using equivalent transmission line models. Further, comparing the color change of different substrates with low RI NPs using finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations, the proposed GT structure shows surpassing colorimetric detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwon Kang
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jin Yoo
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Hwan Ko
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Abdullah Al Mahmud
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Min Song
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
- Anti-Viral Research Center, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
- Artificial Intelligence (AI) Graduate School, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
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24
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Park C, Park C, Park S, Lee J, Choi JH, Kim YS, Yoo Y. Passive Daytime Radiative Cooling by Thermoplastic Polyurethane Wrapping Films with Controlled Hierarchical Porous Structures. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202201842. [PMID: 36269116 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202201842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Current research has focused on effective solutions to mitigate global warming and the accelerating greenhouse gas emissions. Compared to most cooling methods requiring energy and resources, passive daytime radiative cooling (PDRC) technology offers excellent energy savings as it requires no energy consumption. However, existing PDRC materials encounter unprecedented problems such as complex structures, low flexibility, and performance degradation after stretching. Thus, this study reports a porous structured thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) film with bimodal pores to produce high-efficiency PDRC with efficient solar scattering using a simple process. The TPU film exhibited an adequately high solar reflectivity of 0.93 and an emissivity of 0.90 in the atmospheric window to achieve an ambient cooling of 5.6 °C at midday under a solar intensity of 800 W m-2 . Thus, the highly elastic and flexible TPU film was extremely suitable for application on objects with complex shapes. The radiative cooling performance of 3D-printed models covered with these TPU films demonstrated their superior indoor cooling efficiency compared to commercial white paint (8.76 °C). Thus, the proposed design of high-efficiency PDRC materials is applicable in various urban infrastructural objects such as buildings and vehicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Choyeon Park
- Advanced Materials Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, 34114 (Republic of, Korea
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134 (Republic of, Korea
| | - Chanil Park
- Advanced Materials Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, 34114 (Republic of, Korea
| | - Sungmin Park
- Advanced Materials Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, 34114 (Republic of, Korea
| | - Jaeho Lee
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Irvine, California, 92617, United States
| | - Jae-Hak Choi
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134 (Republic of, Korea
| | - Yong Seok Kim
- Advanced Materials Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, 34114 (Republic of, Korea
| | - Youngjae Yoo
- Department of Advanced Materials Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, 17546 (Republic of, Korea
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25
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Kim YB, Cho JW, Lee YJ, Bae D, Kim SK. High-index-contrast photonic structures: a versatile platform for photon manipulation. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2022; 11:316. [PMID: 36316304 PMCID: PMC9622741 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-022-01021-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In optics, the refractive index of a material and its spatial distribution determine the characteristics of light propagation. Therefore, exploring both low- and high-index materials/structures is an important consideration in this regard. Hollow cavities, which are defined as low-index bases, exhibit a variety of unusual or even unexplored optical characteristics and are used in numerous functionalities including diffraction gratings, localised optical antennas and low-loss resonators. In this report, we discuss the fabrication of hollow cavities of various sizes (0.2-5 μm in diameter) that are supported by conformal dielectric/metal shells, as well as their specific applications in the ultraviolet (photodetectors), visible (light-emitting diodes, solar cells and metalenses), near-infrared (thermophotovoltaics) and mid-infrared (radiative coolers) regions. Our findings demonstrate that hollow cavities tailored to specific spectra and applications can serve as versatile optical platforms to address the limitations of current optoelectronic devices. Furthermore, hollow cavity embedded structures are highly elastic and can minimise the thermal stress caused by high temperatures. As such, future applications will likely include high-temperature devices such as thermophotovoltaics and concentrator photovoltaics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Bin Kim
- Department of Applied Physics, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Woo Cho
- Department of Applied Physics, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Jo Lee
- Department of Applied Physics, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Dukkyu Bae
- Hexa Solution Co., Ltd, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Kyung Kim
- Department of Applied Physics, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do, 17104, Republic of Korea.
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26
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Liu R, Zhou Z, Mo X, Liu P, Hu B, Duan J, Zhou J. Green-Manufactured and Recyclable Coatings for Subambient Daytime Radiative Cooling. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:46972-46979. [PMID: 36215717 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c12400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Passive daytime radiative cooling, which reflects sunlight and simultaneously emits heat into space to cool surfaces without energy input, is a promising strategy for energy conservation. Integrating radiative cooling with building systems can tremendously alleviate electrical cooling, but manufacturing high-efficient and eco-friendly coatings remains an urgent and challenging task. Here, we present a simple and scale-up strategy for fabricating ultrawhite coatings consisting of porous ethyl cellulose matrix-random BaSO4 nanoparticles utilizing green solvents. With the synergistic effect of the ideal intrinsic properties of the materials and the strong Mie scattering of the porous structure, the ultrawhite coating possesses a record solar reflectance of 98.6% and a thermal emittance of 98.1%, resulting in a subambient temperature drop of over 2.5 °C under a solar intensity of ∼920 W m-2. Better yet, our coatings can be conveniently brushed, rolled, or sprayed onto various types of substrates, with excellent durability, self-cleaning, and cost-effectiveness, paving an attractive and viable pathway for large-scale applications in practical buildings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Liu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO) and School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Zhengui Zhou
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO) and School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xiwei Mo
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO) and School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Pei Liu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO) and School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Bin Hu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO) and School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jiangjiang Duan
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO) and School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO) and School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
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27
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Zhang Y, Yu J. Scalable and High-Performance Radiative Cooling Fabrics through an Electrospinning Method. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:45707-45715. [PMID: 36169387 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c13727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Reduction in human body temperature under hot conditions is a subject of extensive research. Radiative cooling fabrics have attracted considerable attention because the material reduces body temperature without any energy input, saving both energy and the environment. Researchers have been exploring effective and scalable preparation methods for radiative cooling fabrics. Herein, we employed the electrospinning method to prepare a radiative cooling fabric comprising the poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropene) nanofiber and SiO2 nanoparticles. The fabric had a reflectivity exceeding 0.97 in the solar band and an emissivity of over 0.94 within the atmospheric window. The material achieved a radiative cooling effect of 15.9 °C under direct sunlight using a testing device built in-house. The method is simple and scalable and uses abundant and inexpensive raw materials; the technique can help promote the widespread adoption of radiative cooling fabrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlong Zhang
- Shenzhen Engineering Lab for Supercapacitor Materials, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, School of Material Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, University Town, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory Dongguan, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
| | - Jie Yu
- Shenzhen Engineering Lab for Supercapacitor Materials, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, School of Material Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, University Town, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory Dongguan, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
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28
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Ko JH, Yoo YJ, Lee Y, Jeong HH, Song YM. A review of tunable photonics: Optically active materials and applications from visible to terahertz. iScience 2022; 25:104727. [PMID: 35865136 PMCID: PMC9294196 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The next frontier of photonics is evolving into reconfigurable platforms with tunable functions to realize the ubiquitous application. The dynamic control of optical properties of photonics is highly desirable for a plethora of applications, including optical communication, dynamic display, self-adaptive photonics, and multi-spectral camouflage. Recently, to meet the dynamic response over broad optical bands, optically active materials have been integrated with the diverse photonic platforms, typically in the dimension of micro/nanometer scales. Here, we review recent advances in tunable photonics with controlling optical properties from visible to terahertz (THz) spectral range. We propose guidelines for designing tunable photonics in conjunction with optically active materials, inherent in wavelength characteristics. In particular, we devote our review to their potential uses for five different applications: structural coloration, metasurface for flat optics, photonic memory, thermal radiation, and terahertz plasmonics. Finally, we conclude with an outlook on the challenges and prospects of tunable photonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo Hwan Ko
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jin Yoo
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Yubin Lee
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-Ho Jeong
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Min Song
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
- Anti-Viral Research Center, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
- AI Graduate School, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
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29
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Shanker R, Ravi Anusuyadevi P, Gamage S, Hallberg T, Kariis H, Banerjee D, Svagan AJ, Jonsson MP. Structurally
Colored Cellulose Nanocrystal Films as
Transreflective Radiative Coolers. ACS NANO 2022; 16:10156-10162. [PMCID: PMC9331159 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c10959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Radiative cooling
forms an emerging direction in which objects
are passively cooled via thermal radiation to cold space. Cooling
materials should provide high thermal emissivity (infrared absorptance)
and low solar absorptance, making cellulose an ideal and sustainable
candidate. Broadband solar-reflective or transparent coolers are not
the only systems of interest, but also more pleasingly looking colored
systems. However, solutions based on wavelength-selective absorption
generate not only color but also heat and thereby counteract the cooling
function. Intended as coatings for solar cells, we demonstrate a transreflective
cellulose material with minimal solar absorption that generates color
by wavelength-selective reflection, while it transmits other parts
of the solar spectrum. Our solution takes advantage of the ability
of cellulose nanocrystals to self-assemble into helical periodic structures,
providing nonabsorptive films with structurally colored reflection.
Application
of violet-blue, green, and red cellulose films on silicon substrates
reduced the temperature by up to 9 °C under solar illumination,
as result of a combination of radiative cooling and reduced solar
absorption due to the wavelength-selective reflection by the colored
coating. The present work establishes self-assembled cellulose nanocrystal
photonic films as a scalable photonic platform for colored radiative
cooling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Shanker
- Laboratory
of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, SE-601 74 Norrköping, Sweden
- Wallenberg
Wood Science Center, Linköping University, SE-601 74 Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Prasaanth Ravi Anusuyadevi
- Royal
Institute of Technology (KTH), Dept. of Fibre and Polymer Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, M S Ramaiah Institute
of Technology, 560054 Bangalore, Karnataka India
| | - Sampath Gamage
- Laboratory
of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, SE-601 74 Norrköping, Sweden
- Wallenberg
Wood Science Center, Linköping University, SE-601 74 Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Tomas Hallberg
- FOI-Swedish
Defense Research Agency, Department of Electro-Optical
systems, 583 30 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Hans Kariis
- FOI-Swedish
Defense Research Agency, Department of Electro-Optical
systems, 583 30 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Debashree Banerjee
- Laboratory
of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, SE-601 74 Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Anna J. Svagan
- Royal
Institute of Technology (KTH), Dept. of Fibre and Polymer Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Magnus P. Jonsson
- Laboratory
of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, SE-601 74 Norrköping, Sweden
- Wallenberg
Wood Science Center, Linköping University, SE-601 74 Norrköping, Sweden
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30
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Zhu Y, Luo H, Yang C, Qin B, Ghosh P, Kaur S, Shen W, Qiu M, Belov P, Li Q. Color-preserving passive radiative cooling for an actively temperature-regulated enclosure. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2022; 11:122. [PMID: 35508472 PMCID: PMC9068694 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-022-00810-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Active temperature control devices are widely used for the thermal management of enclosures, including vehicles and buildings. Passive radiative cooling has been extensively studied; however, its integration with existing actively temperature regulated and decorative enclosures has slipped out of the research at status quo. Here, we present a photonic-engineered dual-side thermal management strategy for reducing the active power consumption of the existing temperature-regulated enclosure without sacrificing its aesthetics. By coating the exterior and interior of the enclosure roof with two visible-transparent films with distinctive wavelength-selectivity, simultaneous control over the energy exchange among the enclosure with the hot sun, the cold outer space, the atmosphere, and the active cooler can be implemented. A power-saving of up to 63% for active coolers of the enclosure is experimentally demonstrated by measuring the heat flux compared to the ordinary enclosure when the set temperature is around 26°C. This photonic-engineered dual-side thermal management strategy offers facile integration with the existing enclosures and represents a new paradigm toward carbon neutrality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yining Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hao Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chenying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bing Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, China
| | - Pintu Ghosh
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sandeep Kaur
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weidong Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, China
| | - Min Qiu
- Key Laboratory of 3D Micro/Nano Fabrication and Characterization of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, 310024, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 18 Shilongshan Road, 310024, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Pavel Belov
- Department of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Qiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, China.
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31
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Zhou L, Rada J, Zhang H, Song H, Mirniaharikandi S, Ooi BS, Gan Q. Sustainable and Inexpensive Polydimethylsiloxane Sponges for Daytime Radiative Cooling. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2102502. [PMID: 34672111 PMCID: PMC8655219 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202102502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Radiative cooling is an emerging cooling technology that can passively release heat to the environment. To obtain a subambient cooling effect during the daytime, chemically engineered structural materials are widely explored to simultaneously reject sunlight and preserve strong thermal emission. However, many previously reported fabrication processes involve hazardous chemicals, which can hinder a material's ability to be mass produced. In order to eliminate the hazardous chemicals used in the fabrication of previous works, this article reports a white polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) sponge fabricated by a sustainable process using microsugar templates. By substituting the chemicals for sugar, the manufacturing procedure produces zero toxic waste and can also be endlessly recycled via methods widely used in the sugar industry. The obtained porous PDMS exhibits strong visible scattering and thermal emission, resulting in an efficient temperature reduction of 4.6 °C and cooling power of 43 W m-2 under direct solar irradiation. In addition, due to the air-filled voids within the PDMS sponge, its thermal conductivity remains low at 0.06 W (m K)-1 . This unique combination of radiative cooling and thermal insulation properties can efficiently suppress the heat exchange with the solar-heated rooftop or the environment, representing a promising future for new energy-efficient building envelope material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyu Zhou
- Department of Electrical EngineeringThe State University of New York at BuffaloBuffaloNY14260USA
| | - Jacob Rada
- Department of Electrical EngineeringThe State University of New York at BuffaloBuffaloNY14260USA
| | - Huafan Zhang
- Photonics LabKing Abdullah University of Science and TechnologyThuwal23955‐6900Saudi Arabia
| | - Haomin Song
- Department of Electrical EngineeringThe State University of New York at BuffaloBuffaloNY14260USA
| | | | - Boon S. Ooi
- Photonics LabKing Abdullah University of Science and TechnologyThuwal23955‐6900Saudi Arabia
| | - Qiaoqiang Gan
- Department of Electrical EngineeringThe State University of New York at BuffaloBuffaloNY14260USA
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32
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Kim G, Park K, Hwang KJ, Jin S. Highly Sunlight Reflective and Infrared Semi-Transparent Nanomesh Textiles. ACS NANO 2021; 15:15962-15971. [PMID: 34661392 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c04104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Radiative cooling in textiles is one of the important factors enabling cooling of the human body for thermal comfort. In particular, under an intense sunlight environment such as that experienced with outdoor exercise and sports activities, high near-infrared (NIR) reflectance to block sunlight energy influx along with high IR transmittance in textiles for substantial thermal emission from the human body would be highly desirable. This investigation demonstrates that a nanoscale geometric control of textile structure alone, instead of complicated introduction of specialty polymer materials and composites, can enable such desirable NIR and IR optical properties in textiles. A diameter-dependent Mie scattering event in fibers and associated optical and thermal behavior were simulated in relation to a nonwoven, nanomesh textile. As an example, a nanomesh structure made of PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride) electrospun fibers with ∼600 nm average diameter was examined, which exhibited a significant radiative cooling performance with over 90% solar and NIR reflectance to profoundly block the sunlight energy influx as well as ∼50% IR transmittance for human body radiative heat dissipation. An extraordinary cooling effect, as much as 12 °C, was obtained on a simulated skin compared to the normal textile fabric materials. Such a powerful radiative cooling performance together with IR transmitting capability by the nanomesh textile offers a way to efficiently manage sunlight radiation energy to make persons, devices, and transport vehicles cooler and help to save energy in an outdoor sunlight environment as well as indoor conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunwoo Kim
- Biomedical Manufacturing Technology Center, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Yeongcheon 38822, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyuin Park
- Department of Fiber Science and Apparel Design, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
| | - Kyung-Jun Hwang
- Gangwon Regional Agency for Science & Technology, 106-11 Gwahakdanji-ro, Gangneung-si, Gangwon-do 25440, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungho Jin
- NanoSD Inc., 11575 Sorrento Valley Rd., Suite 211, San Diego, California 92121, United States
- Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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33
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Lee EJ, Cho JW, Kim YS, Kim SK. Nanometer-optical-coating-based visibly tinted films with 24-hour sub-atmospheric passive cooling. OPTICS LETTERS 2021; 46:5043-5046. [PMID: 34598265 DOI: 10.1364/ol.440878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Colored films absorb solar radiation at specific visible wavelengths, and they consequently heat up above atmospheric temperatures when exposed to sunlight. In this Letter, we report nanometer-thick TiN-based multilayers of light cyan, magenta, and yellow colors that can provide 24 h sub-atmospheric cooling when covered with high-emissivity polymers. Outdoor experiments have demonstrated that these visibly tinted films retain sub-atmospheric temperatures during daytime and nighttime. All fabricated films generated almost color-independent cooling powers and even surpassed commercial white paint at TiN thicknesses <5nm. Our work thus highlights the potential of multispectral selective absorbers as esthetic passive coolers.
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34
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Kim DH, Lee GJ, Heo SY, Son S, Kang KM, Lee H, Song YM. Ultra-thin and near-unity selective emitter for efficient cooling. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:31364-31375. [PMID: 34615230 DOI: 10.1364/oe.438662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
For the efficient radiative cooling of objects, coolers should emit heat within atmospheric transparent window and block heat absorption from the surrounding environments. Thus, selective emitters enable highly efficient cooling via engineered photonic structures such as metamaterials and multi-stacking structures. However, these structures require sophisticated fabrication processes and large quantities of materials, which can restrict mass-production. This study introduces an ultra-thin (∼1 μm) and near-unity selective emitter (UNSE) within the atmospheric window, which can be fabricated using simple and affordable process. The combination of infrared (IR) lossy layers and high index lossless layer enhances the resonance in the structure thus, the emissivity in long wavelength IR region increases to near-unity within a thickness of ∼1 μm.
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35
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Wang W, Zou Q, Wang N, Hong B, Zhang W, Wang GP. Janus Multilayer for Radiative Cooling and Heating in Double-Side Photonic Thermal System. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:42813-42821. [PMID: 34460215 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c11552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The temperature of outdoor structures, such as automobiles, buildings, and clothing, can be tuned by designing photonic properties. However, particular challenges arise when considering the temperature of an object itself rather than the enclosure in these outdoor structures. We present a double-side photonic thermal (DSPT) system. In the DSPT system, the tunable range of photonic thermal load for heating and cooling functions is calculated by designing the absorption spectra of both sides to adapt to different temperature conditions. These include the proper photonic design of not only the side facing outward but also the inner side and more complex temperature conditions of the object, enclosures, and atmosphere. According to the DSPT mechanisms, we developed a Janus material that can achieve the opposite functions (cooling and heating) with one film by simply flipping the sides of the Janus material, which does not require any additional energy input. The Janus material is designed and fabricated by common materials and a simple multilayer structure, which is attractive for large-scale fabrication. The thermal experiment proved the Janus multilayer could achieve a high temperature in the heating mode and a low temperature in the cooling mode, and the range of the tunable temperature would be wider with stronger sun radiation. The Janus material can passively achieve more efficient temperature control in enclosures while offering both side photonic design comparable to conventional radiative coolers and heaters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanlin Wang
- Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Qixuan Zou
- Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Neng Wang
- Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Binbin Hong
- Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Wang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Guo Ping Wang
- Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
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36
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Ishii S, Miura A, Nagao T, Uchida KI. Simultaneous harvesting of radiative cooling and solar heating for transverse thermoelectric generation. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2021; 22:441-448. [PMID: 34248419 PMCID: PMC8245095 DOI: 10.1080/14686996.2021.1920820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
For any thermoelectric effects to be achieved, a thermoelectric material must have hot and cold sides. Typically, the hot side can be easily obtained by excess heat. However, the passive cooling method is often limited to convective heat transfer to the surroundings. Since thermoelectric voltage is proportional to the temperature difference between the hot and cold sides, efficient passive cooling to increase the temperature gradient is of critical importance. Here, we report simultaneous harvesting of radiative cooling at the top and solar heating at the bottom to enhance the temperature gradient for a transverse thermoelectric effect which generates thermoelectric voltage perpendicular to the temperature gradient. We demonstrate this concept by using the spin Seebeck effect and confirm that the spin Seebeck device shows the highest thermoelectric voltage when both radiative cooling and solar heating are utilized. Furthermore, the device generates thermoelectric voltage even at night through radiative cooling which enables continuous energy harvesting throughout a day. Planar geometry and scalable fabrication process are advantageous for energy harvesting applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Ishii
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Japan
- Faculty of Pure and Applied Physics, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan
| | - Asuka Miura
- Research Center for Magnetic and Spintronic Materials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Tadaaki Nagao
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Japan
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ken-ichi Uchida
- Faculty of Pure and Applied Physics, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Research Center for Magnetic and Spintronic Materials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Japan
- Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Center for Spintronics Research Network, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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37
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Banik U, Agrawal A, Meddeb H, Sergeev O, Reininghaus N, Götz-Köhler M, Gehrke K, Stührenberg J, Vehse M, Sznajder M, Agert C. Efficient Thin Polymer Coating as a Selective Thermal Emitter for Passive Daytime Radiative Cooling. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:24130-24137. [PMID: 33974398 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c04056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Radiative cooling to subambient temperatures can be efficiently achieved through spectrally selective emission, which until now has only been realized by using complex nanoengineered structures. Here, a simple dip-coated planar polymer emitter derived from polysilazane, which exhibits strong selective emissivity in the atmospheric transparency window of 8-13 μm, is demonstrated. The 5 μm thin silicon oxycarbonitride coating has an emissivity of 0.86 in this spectral range because of alignment of the frequencies of bond vibrations arising from the polymer. Furthermore, atmospheric heat absorption is suppressed due to its low emissivity outside the atmospheric transparency window. The reported structure with the highly transparent polymer and underlying silver mirror reflects 97% of the incoming solar irradiation. A temperature reduction of 6.8 °C below ambient temperature was achieved by the structure under direct sunlight, yielding a cooling power of 93.7 W m-2. The structural simplicity, durability, easy applicability, and high selectivity make polysilazane a unique emitter for efficient prospective passive daytime radiative cooling structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udayan Banik
- DLR Institute of Networked Energy Systems, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Ashutosh Agrawal
- DLR Institute of Networked Energy Systems, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Hosni Meddeb
- DLR Institute of Networked Energy Systems, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Oleg Sergeev
- DLR Institute of Networked Energy Systems, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Nies Reininghaus
- DLR Institute of Networked Energy Systems, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | | | - Kai Gehrke
- DLR Institute of Networked Energy Systems, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | | | - Martin Vehse
- DLR Institute of Networked Energy Systems, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Maciej Sznajder
- DLR Institute of Space Systems, 28359 Bremen, Germany
- MAPEX Center for Materials and Processes, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Carsten Agert
- DLR Institute of Networked Energy Systems, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
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38
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Chae D, Lim H, So S, Son S, Ju S, Kim W, Rho J, Lee H. Spectrally Selective Nanoparticle Mixture Coating for Passive Daytime Radiative Cooling. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:21119-21126. [PMID: 33926186 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c20311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Passive daytime radiative cooling, which is a process that removes excess heat to cold space as an infinite heat sink, is an emerging technology for applications that require thermal control. Among the different structures of radiative coolers, multilayer- and photonic-structured radiative coolers that are composed of inorganic layers still need to be simple to fabricate. Herein, we describe the fabrication of a nanoparticle-mixture-based radiative cooler that exhibits highly selective infrared emission and low solar absorption. Al2O3, SiO2, and Si3N4 nanoparticles exhibit intrinsic absorption in parts of the atmospheric transparency window; facile one-step spin coating of a mixture of these nanoparticles generates a surface with selective infrared emission, which can provide a more powerful cooling effect compared to broadband emitters. The nanoparticle-based radiative cooler exhibits an extremely low solar absorption of 4% and a highly selective emissivity of 88.7% within the atmospheric transparency window owing to the synergy of the optical properties of the material. The nanoparticle mixture radiative cooler produces subambient cooling of 2.8 °C for surface cooling and 1.0 °C for space cooling, whereas the Ag film exhibits an above-ambient cooling of 1.1 °C for surface cooling and 3.4 °C for space cooling under direct sunlight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongwoo Chae
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Anam-ro 145, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hangyu Lim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Anam-ro 145, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunae So
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Soomin Son
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Anam-ro 145, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sucheol Ju
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Anam-ro 145, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonjoong Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Anam-ro 145, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Junsuk Rho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Heon Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Anam-ro 145, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
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39
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Luo H, Zhu Y, Xu Z, Hong Y, Ghosh P, Kaur S, Wu M, Yang C, Qiu M, Li Q. Outdoor Personal Thermal Management with Simultaneous Electricity Generation. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:3879-3886. [PMID: 33890468 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c00400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Outdoor personal thermal comfort is of substantial significance to ameliorate the health conditions of pedestrian and outdoor laborer. However, the uncontrollable sunlight, substantial radiative loss, and intense temperature fluctuations in the outdoor environment present majestic challenges to outdoor personal thermal management. Here, we report an eco-friendly passive nanostructured textile which harvests energy from the sun and the outer space for optional localized heating and cooling. Compared to conventional heating/cooling textiles like black/white cotton, its heating/cooling mode enables a skin simulator temperature increase/decrease of 8.1 °C/6 °C, respectively, under sunlight exposure. Meanwhile, the temperature gradient created between the textile and human skin allows a continuous electricity generation with thermoelectric modules. Owing to the exceptional outdoor thermoregulation ability, this Janus textile is promising to help maintain a comfortable microclimate for individuals in outdoor environment and provide a platform for pervasive power generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yining Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Ziquan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yu Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Pintu Ghosh
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Sandeep Kaur
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Mingbang Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 928 Second Avenue, Xiasha Higher Education Park, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Chenying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Min Qiu
- Key Laboratory of 3D Micro/Nano Fabrication and Characterization of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Qiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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40
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Kang MH, Lee GJ, Lee JH, Kim MS, Yan Z, Jeong J, Jang K, Song YM. Outdoor-Useable, Wireless/Battery-Free Patch-Type Tissue Oximeter with Radiative Cooling. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:2004885. [PMID: 34026462 PMCID: PMC8132059 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202004885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
For wearable electronics/optoelectronics, thermal management should be provided for accurate signal acquisition as well as thermal comfort. However, outdoor solar energy gain has restricted the efficiency of some wearable devices like oximeters. Herein, wireless/battery-free and thermally regulated patch-type tissue oximeter (PTO) with radiative cooling structures are presented, which can measure tissue oxygenation under sunlight in reliable manner and will benefit athlete training. To maximize the radiative cooling performance, a nano/microvoids polymer (NMVP) is introduced by combining two perforated polymers to both reduce sunlight absorption and maximize thermal radiation. The optimized NMVP exhibits sub-ambient cooling of 6 °C in daytime under various conditions such as scattered/overcast clouds, high humidity, and clear weather. The NMVP-integrated PTO enables maintaining temperature within ≈1 °C on the skin under sunlight relative to indoor measurement, whereas the normally used, black encapsulated PTO shows over 40 °C owing to solar absorption. The heated PTO exhibits an inaccurate tissue oxygen saturation (StO2) value of ≈67% compared with StO2 in a normal state (i.e., ≈80%). However, the thermally protected PTO presents reliable StO2 of ≈80%. This successful demonstration provides a feasible strategy of thermal management in wearable devices for outdoor applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Hyung Kang
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS)Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST)123, Cheomdangwagi‐ro, BukguGwangju61005Republic of Korea
| | - Gil Ju Lee
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS)Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST)123, Cheomdangwagi‐ro, BukguGwangju61005Republic of Korea
| | - Joong Hoon Lee
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS)Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST)123, Cheomdangwagi‐ro, BukguGwangju61005Republic of Korea
| | - Min Seok Kim
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS)Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST)123, Cheomdangwagi‐ro, BukguGwangju61005Republic of Korea
| | - Zheng Yan
- Department of BiomedicalBiological and Chemical EngineeringUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMO65211USA
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMO65211USA
| | - Jae‐Woong Jeong
- School of Electrical EngineeringKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)291 Daehak‐ro, Yuseong‐guDaejeon34141Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung‐In Jang
- Department of Robotics EngineeringDaegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST)Daegu42988Republic of Korea
| | - Young Min Song
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS)Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST)123, Cheomdangwagi‐ro, BukguGwangju61005Republic of Korea
- Anti‐Viral Research CenterGwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST)123, Cheomdangwagi‐ro, BukguGwangju61005Republic of Korea
- AI Graduate SchoolGwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST)123, Cheomdangwagi‐ro, BukguGwangju61005Republic of Korea
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41
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Jeon S, Shin J. Directional radiation for optimal radiative cooling. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:8376-8386. [PMID: 33820286 DOI: 10.1364/oe.416475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The omnidirectional radiation scheme has been widely applied to thermal emitters for radiative cooling. We quantitatively illustrate that significant net radiative absorption at high zenith angles limits the performance of such isotropic emitters, and demonstrate that simply cutting off components corresponding to high angles can substantially improve the cooling performance of commonly used isotropic emitter designs. We also present an expression for the ideal directional spectral emissivity at conditions below ambient temperature. As our approach can be applied to coolers with arbitrary surfaces, our results may serve as a basic guideline for designing practical systems with various surfaces, such as rooftops or façades of modern buildings with complicated geometries.
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42
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Son S, Liu Y, Chae D, Lee H. Cross-Linked Porous Polymeric Coating without a Metal-Reflective Layer for Sub-Ambient Radiative Cooling. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:57832-57839. [PMID: 33345542 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c14792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Passive daytime radiative cooling provides cooling without energy input. This method is eco-friendly, which is beneficial, considering the increasing problems of global warming and urban heat islands. A poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and polyurethane acrylate (PUA) matte white coating was prepared via photo-initiated free-radical polymerization. The porous polymeric coating without a metal-reflective layer exhibited an average emissivity of 0.9333 in the atmospheric window and an average solar reflectance of 0.9336 in the direct AM1.5 solar spectrum (888 W m-2 in the 0.3-2.5 μm region). The radiative cooling power of the fabricated radiative cooler with a thickness of 518 μm was 94.2 W m-2. Furthermore, the radiative cooler demonstrated radiative cooling performance during both daytime and nighttime in Seoul, Korea, and Chiang Mai, Thailand. The PVDF/PUA matte white coating without a silver reflector can prevent solar absorption caused by the oxidation of silver and reduce the light pollution caused by the metallic film because of the antiglare surface of the matte coating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soomin Son
- Department of Materials and Science Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuting Liu
- Department of Materials and Science Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongwoo Chae
- Department of Materials and Science Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Heon Lee
- Department of Materials and Science Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
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Lee GJ, Kim DH, Heo SY, Song YM. Spectrally and Spatially Selective Emitters Using Polymer Hybrid Spoof Plasmonics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:53206-53214. [PMID: 33172255 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c13177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Optimized thermal emitters using optical resonances have been attracting increased attention for diverse applications, such as infrared (IR) sensing, thermal imaging, gas sensing, thermophotovoltaics, thermal camouflage, and radiative cooling. Depending on the applications, the recently developed IR devices have been tailored to achieve not only spectrally engineered emission but also spatially resolved emission using various nanometallic structures, metamaterials, and multistacking layers, which accompany high structural complexity and prohibitive production cost. Herein, this article presents a simple and affordable approach to obtain spatially and spectrally selective hybrid thermal emitters (HTEs) based on spoof surface plasmons of microscaled Ag grooves manifested in encapsulation polymer layers. Theoretical analyses found that the polymer hybrid plasmonics allows diverse emission tuning within the long-wave IR (LWIR; 8-14 μm) region as follows: (1) spatially selective emission peaks only exist in the interface of Ag grooves and IR-transparent layers and (2) near-unity spectrally selective emission is obtained by refining inherent emissivity of a thin IR-opaque layer. Also, parametric studies computationally optimized the structural parameters for spatially and spectrally selective HTEs. Using the optimized parameters, the authors fabricated two HTEs and demonstrated the intriguing emission features in terms of infrared data encoding/decoding and radiative cooling, respectively. These successful demonstrations open up the applicability of HTEs for tailoring IR emission in a spatially and spectrally selective manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gil Ju Lee
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Hyeon Kim
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Yeon Heo
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Min Song
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
- Anti-Virus Research Center, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
- AI Graduate School, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
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