1
|
Ishimaru H, Nakamoto K, Yamane M, Yamamoto T, Kitakaze K, Takenouchi Y, Tsuboi K, Okamoto Y, Aoyama Y. Sweat Protects against Contact Hypersensitivity: Transient Sweat Suppression Compromises Skin Barrier Function in Mice. J Invest Dermatol 2024:S0022-202X(24)00196-9. [PMID: 38522571 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2024.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Although subtle barrier defects may facilitate allergen penetration, thereby enabling allergic sensitization, the relationship between sweating disturbance and skin barrier function is unknown. However, many studies on contact hypersensitivity in mice examined ear skin, which does not sweat, instead of the footpad, where sweating is uniquely present. In this study, we assessed whether sweat suppression in the footpad before hapten application provoked a skin barrier abnormality and reduced inflammatory thresholds to topical haptens. Mice without any genetic skin barrier dysfunction displayed markedly reduced inflammatory thresholds to haptens under transient sweat suppression before hapten application. Epicutaneously applied haptens penetrated the skin more robustly in the presence of sweat suppression compared with that in its absence, although this increase was abolished by exposure to high-humidity conditions. These mice displayed a subtle atopic dermatitis-like inflammation mediated by type 2 response-dominant inflammation and increased IgE responses, mimicking some events occurring in nonlesional atopic dermatitis skin in humans and in murine models. These lesions were dramatically attenuated by exposure to high-humidity conditions. In our model, hapten sensitization does not require mechanical injury, explaining why sensitization occurs through nonlesional atopic dermatitis skin. Awareness of the importance of preserving sweating responses is essential to prevent occupational contact dermatitis and atopic dermatitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hironobu Ishimaru
- Department of Pharmacology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan; Kyoto R&D Center, Maruho, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kenta Nakamoto
- Department of Dermatology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Mariko Yamane
- Department of Dermatology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Takenobu Yamamoto
- Department of Dermatology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Keisuke Kitakaze
- Department of Pharmacology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan
| | | | - Kazuhito Tsuboi
- Department of Pharmacology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Yasuo Okamoto
- Department of Pharmacology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Yumi Aoyama
- Department of Dermatology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kuzumi A, Yamashita T, Fukasawa T, Yoshizaki-Ogawa A, Sato S, Yoshizaki A. Cannabinoids for the treatment of autoimmune and inflammatory skin diseases: A systematic review. Exp Dermatol 2024; 33:e15064. [PMID: 38532572 DOI: 10.1111/exd.15064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, the medical use of cannabinoids has attracted growing attention worldwide. In particular, anti-inflammatory properties of cannabinoids led to their emergence as potential therapeutic options for autoimmune and inflammatory disorders. Recent studies have also shown that cannabinoid receptors are widely expressed and have endogenous ligands in the skin, suggesting that the skin has its own endocannabinoid system. The aim of this review is to discuss the potential therapeutic effects of cannabinoids in autoimmune and inflammatory skin diseases. Following an overview of cannabinoids and the endocannabinoid system, we describe the cellular and molecular mechanisms of cannabinoids in skin health and disease. We then review the clinical studies of cannabinoids in autoimmune and inflammatory skin diseases including systemic sclerosis (SSc), dermatomyositis (DM), psoriasis (Pso) and atopic dermatitis (AD). A primary literature search was conducted in July 2023, using PubMed and Web of Science. A total of 15 articles were included after excluding reviews, non-human studies and in vitro studies from 389 non-duplicated articles. Available evidence suggests that cannabinoids may be beneficial for SSc, DM, Pso and AD. However, further studies, ideally randomized controlled trials, are needed to further evaluate the use of cannabinoids in autoimmune and inflammatory skin diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ai Kuzumi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Yamashita
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takemichi Fukasawa
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Clinical Cannabinoid Research, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Asako Yoshizaki-Ogawa
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinichi Sato
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayumi Yoshizaki
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Clinical Cannabinoid Research, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Parikh AC, Jeffery CS, Sandhu Z, Brownlee BP, Queimado L, Mims MM. The effect of cannabinoids on wound healing: A review. Health Sci Rep 2024; 7:e1908. [PMID: 38410495 PMCID: PMC10895075 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Cannabis and its various derivatives are commonly used for both recreational and medicinal purposes. Cannabinoids have been shown to have anti-inflammatory properties. Inflammation is an important component of wound healing and the effect of cannabinoids on wound healing has become a recent topic of investigation. The objective of this article is to perform a comprehensive review of the literature to summarize the effects of cannabinoids on wound healing of the skin and to guide future avenues of research. Methods A comprehensive literature review was performed to evaluate the effects of cannabinoids on cutaneous wound healing. Results Cannabinoids appear to improve skin wound healing through a variety of mechanisms. This is supported through a variety of in vitro and animal studies. Animal studies suggest application of cannabinoids may improve the healing of postsurgical and chronic wounds. There are few human studies which evaluate the effects of cannabinoids on wound healing and many of these are case series and observational studies. They do suggest cannabinoids may have some benefit. However, definitive conclusions cannot be drawn from them. Conclusion While further human studies are needed, topical application of cannabinoids may be a potential therapeutic option for postsurgical and chronic wounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aniruddha C. Parikh
- Departments of Otolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryThe University of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahoma CityOklahomaUSA
| | - Christopher S. Jeffery
- Departments of General SurgeryThe University of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahoma CityOklahomaUSA
| | - Zainab Sandhu
- Departments of Otolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryThe University of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahoma CityOklahomaUSA
| | - Benjamin P. Brownlee
- Departments of Otolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryThe University of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahoma CityOklahomaUSA
| | - Lurdes Queimado
- Departments of Otolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryThe University of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahoma CityOklahomaUSA
- Departments of Cell BiologyThe University of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahoma CityOklahomaUSA
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, TSET Health Promotion Research Center, Stephenson Cancer CenterThe University of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahoma CityOklahomaUSA
| | - Mark M. Mims
- Departments of Otolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryThe University of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahoma CityOklahomaUSA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Tóth KF, Ádám D, Arany J, Ramirez YA, Bíró T, Drake JI, O'Mahony A, Szöllősi AG, Póliska S, Kilić A, Soeberdt M, Abels C, Oláh A. Fluoxetine exerts anti-inflammatory effects on human epidermal keratinocytes and suppresses their endothelin release. Exp Dermatol 2024; 33:e14988. [PMID: 38284184 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Fluoxetine is a safe antidepressant with remarkable anti-inflammatory actions; therefore, we aimed to investigate its effects on immortalized (HaCaT) as well as primary human epidermal keratinocytes in a polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (p(I:C))-induced inflammatory model. We found that a non-cytotoxic concentration (MTT-assay, CyQUANT-assay) of fluoxetine significantly suppressed p(I:C)-induced expression and release of several pro-inflammatory cytokines (Q-PCR, cytokine array, ELISA), and it decreased the release of the itch mediator endothelins (ELISA). These effects were not mediated by the inhibition of the NF-κB or p38 MAPK pathways (western blot), or by the suppression of the p(I:C)-induced elevation of mitochondrial ROS production (MitoSOX Red labeling). Instead, unbiased activity profiling revealed that they were most likely mediated via the inhibition of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway. Importantly, the PI3K-inhibitor GDC0941 fully mimicked the effects of fluoxetine (Q-PCR, ELISA). Although fluoxetine was able to occupy the binding site of GDC0941 (in silico molecular docking), and exerted direct inhibitory effect on PI3K (cell-free PI3K activity assay), it exhibited much lower potency and efficacy as compared to GDC0941. Finally, RNA-Seq analysis revealed that fluoxetine deeply influenced the transcriptional alterations induced by p(I:C)-treatment, and exerted an overall anti-inflammatory activity. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that fluoxetine exerts potent anti-inflammatory effects, and suppresses the release of the endogenous itch mediator endothelins in human keratinocytes, most likely via interfering with the PI3K pathway. Thus, clinical studies are encouraged to explore whether the currently reported beneficial effects translate in vivo following its topical administration in inflammatory and pruritic dermatoses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Fanni Tóth
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- University of Debrecen, Doctoral School of Molecular Medicine, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Dorottya Ádám
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- University of Debrecen, Doctoral School of Molecular Medicine, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - József Arany
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- University of Debrecen, Doctoral School of Molecular Medicine, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Yesid A Ramirez
- Design and Applied Sciences, School of Applied Sciences and Sustainable Industry, Department of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Universidad Icesi, Cali, Valle del Cauca, Colombia
- Cannaflos-Gesellschaft für medizinisches Cannabis mbH, Köln, Germany
| | - Tamás Bíró
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | | | - Alison O'Mahony
- Eurofins Discovery, St. Charles, Missouri, USA
- Recursion, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Attila Gábor Szöllősi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Szilárd Póliska
- Genomic Medicine and Bioinformatics Core Facility, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ana Kilić
- Dr. August Wolff GmbH & Co. KG Arzneimittel, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Michael Soeberdt
- Dr. August Wolff GmbH & Co. KG Arzneimittel, Bielefeld, Germany
- Bionorica SE, Neumarkt, Germany
| | - Christoph Abels
- Dr. August Wolff GmbH & Co. KG Arzneimittel, Bielefeld, Germany
- Bionorica SE, Neumarkt, Germany
| | - Attila Oláh
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Healy CR, Gethin G, Pandit A, Finn DP. Chronic wound-related pain, wound healing and the therapeutic potential of cannabinoids and endocannabinoid system modulation. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 168:115714. [PMID: 37865988 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic wounds represent a significant burden on the individual, and the healthcare system. Individuals with chronic wounds report pain to be the most challenging aspect of living with a chronic wound, with current therapeutic options deemed insufficient. The cutaneous endocannabinoid system is an important regulator of skin homeostasis, with evidence of system dysregulation in several cutaneous disorders. Herein, we describe the cutaneous endocannabinoid system, chronic wound-related pain, and comorbidities, and review preclinical and clinical evidence investigating endocannabinoid system modulation for wound-related pain and wound healing. Based on the current literature, there is some evidence to suggest efficacy of endocannabinoid system modulation for promotion of wound healing, attenuation of cutaneous disorder-related inflammation, and for the management of chronic wound-related pain. However, there is 1) a paucity of preclinical studies using validated models, specific for the study of chronic wound-related pain and 2) a lack of randomised control trials and strong clinical evidence relating to endocannabinoid system modulation for wound-related pain. In conclusion, while there is some limited evidence of benefit of endocannabinoid system modulation in wound healing and wound-related pain management, further research is required to better realise the potential of targeting the endocannabinoid system for these therapeutic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine R Healy
- Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, University of Galway, Galway City, Ireland; Galway Neuroscience Centre, University of Galway, Galway City, Ireland; Centre for Pain Research, University of Galway, Galway City, Ireland; CÚRAM, SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, University of Galway, Galway City, Ireland
| | - Georgina Gethin
- CÚRAM, SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, University of Galway, Galway City, Ireland; School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Galway, Galway City, Ireland; Alliance for Research and Innovation in Wounds, University of Galway, Galway City, Ireland
| | - Abhay Pandit
- CÚRAM, SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, University of Galway, Galway City, Ireland
| | - David P Finn
- Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, University of Galway, Galway City, Ireland; Galway Neuroscience Centre, University of Galway, Galway City, Ireland; Centre for Pain Research, University of Galway, Galway City, Ireland; CÚRAM, SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, University of Galway, Galway City, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yoo EH, Lee JH. Cannabinoids and Their Receptors in Skin Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16523. [PMID: 38003712 PMCID: PMC10672037 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic application of cannabinoids has gained traction in recent years. Cannabinoids interact with the human endocannabinoid system in the skin. A large body of research indicates that cannabinoids could hold promise for the treatment of eczema, psoriasis, acne, pruritus, hair disorders, and skin cancer. However, most of the available data are at the preclinical stage. Comprehensive, large-scale, randomized, controlled clinical trials have not yet been fully conducted. In this article, we describe new findings in cannabinoid research and point out promising future research areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ji Hyun Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea;
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Maes M, Rachayon M, Jirakran K, Sughondhabirom A, Almulla AF, Sodsai P. Role of T and B lymphocyte cannabinoid type 1 and 2 receptors in major depression and suicidal behaviours. Acta Neuropsychiatr 2023:1-12. [PMID: 37681553 DOI: 10.1017/neu.2023.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Early flow cytometry studies revealed T cell activation in major depressive disorder (MDD). MDD is characterised by activation of the immune-inflammatory response system (IRS) and the compensatory immunoregulatory system (CIRS), including deficits in T regulatory (Treg) cells. This study examines the number of cannabinoid type 1 (CB1) and type 2 (CB2) receptor-bearing T/B lymphocytes in MDD, and the effects of in vitro cannabidiol (CBD) administration on CB1/CB2-bearing immunocytes. Using flow cytometry, we determined the percentage of CD20+CB2+, CD3+CB2+, CD4+CB2+, CD8+CB2+ and FoxP3+CB1+ cells in 19 healthy controls and 29 MDD patients in 5 conditions: baseline, stimulation with anti-CD3/CD28 with or without 0.1 µg/mL, 1.0 µg/mL, or 10.0 µg/mL CBD. CB2+ was significantly higher in CD20+ than CD3+ and CD4+ and CD 8+ cells. Stimulation with anti-CD3/CD8 increases the number of CB2-bearing CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ cells, as well as CB1-bearing FoxP3+ cells. There was an inverse association between the number of reduced CD4+ CB2+ and IRS profiles, including M1 macrophage, T helper-(Th)-1 and Th-17 phenotypes. MDD is characterised by lowered basal FoxP3+ CB1+% and higher CD20+ CB2+%. 33.2% of the variance in the depression phenome (including severity of depression, anxiety and current suicidal behaviours) is explained by CD20+ CB2+ % (positively) and CD3+ CB2+% (inversely). All five immune cell populations were significantly increased by 10 µg/mL of CBD administration. Reductions in FoxP3+ CB1+% and CD3+ /CD4+ CB2+% contribute to deficits in immune homoeostasis in MDD, while increased CD20+CB2+% may contribute to the pathophysiology of MDD by activating T-independent humoral immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Maes
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, The Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
- Sichuan Provincial Center for Mental Health, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China,Chengdu610072, China
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Research Institute, Medical University Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Muanpetch Rachayon
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, The Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ketsupar Jirakran
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, The Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Maximizing Thai Children's Developmental Potential Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Atapol Sughondhabirom
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, The Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Abbas F Almulla
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, The Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
- Medical Laboratory Technology Department, College of Medical Technology, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq
| | - Pimpayao Sodsai
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Center of Excellence in Immunology and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kwiecień E, Kowalczuk D. Therapeutic Potential of Minor Cannabinoids in Dermatological Diseases-A Synthetic Review. Molecules 2023; 28:6149. [PMID: 37630401 PMCID: PMC10459035 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28166149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Dermatological diseases pose a significant burden on the quality of life of individuals and can be challenging to treat effectively. In this aspect, cannabinoids are gaining increasing importance due to their therapeutic potential in various disease entities including skin diseases. In this synthetic review, we comprehensively analyzed the existing literature in the field of potential dermatological applications of a lesser-known subgroup of cannabinoids, the so-called minor cannabinoids, such as cannabidivarin (CBDV), cannabidiforol (CBDP), cannabichromene (CBC), tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV), cannabigerolic acid (CBGA), cannabigerol (CBG), cannabielsoin (CBE), cannabimovone (CBM) or cannabinol (CBN), while drawing attention to their unique pharmacological properties. We systematically searched the available databases for relevant studies and analyzed the data to provide an overview of current thematic knowledge. We looked through the full-text, bibliographic and factographic databases, especially Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, Polish Scientific Journals Database, and selected the most relevant papers. Our review highlights that minor cannabinoids exhibit diverse pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antimicrobial, and anti-itch properties. Several studies have reported their efficacy in mitigating symptoms associated with dermatological diseases such as psoriasis, eczema, acne, and pruritus. Furthermore, minor cannabinoids have shown potential in regulating sebum production, a crucial factor in acne pathogenesis. The findings of this review suggest that minor cannabinoids hold therapeutic promise in the management of dermatological diseases. Further preclinical and clinical investigations are warranted to elucidate their mechanisms of action, determine optimal dosage regimens, and assess long-term safety profiles. Incorporating minor cannabinoids into dermatological therapies could potentially offer novel treatment options of patients and improve their overall well-being.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Kwiecień
- Chair and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 4, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
- A-Sense Sp. z o.o., ul. Moscickiego 1, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland
| | - Dorota Kowalczuk
- Chair and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 4, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Simei JLQ, Souza JDR, Lisboa JR, Campos AC, Guimarães FS, Zuardi A, Crippa JAS. Does the "Entourage Effect" in Cannabinoids Exist? A Narrative Scoping Review. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res 2023. [PMID: 37535820 DOI: 10.1089/can.2023.0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The concept of an "entourage" effect in the cannabis and cannabinoids' field was first introduced in the late 1990s, during a period when most research on medical cannabinoids focused on the effects of isolated cannabinoids, such as cannabidiol and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol. Over the past decade, however, with the increased understanding of the endocannabinoid system, the discovery of other phytocannabinoids and their potential therapeutic uses, the term has gained widespread use in scientific reviews and marketing campaigns. Objective: Critically review the application of the term "entourage effect (EE)" in the literature and its endorsement by certain sectors of the cannabis market. Also, explore the perspectives for further interpretation and elaboration of the term based on current evidence, aiming to contribute to a more nuanced understanding of the concept and its implications for cannabinoid-based medicine. Methods: A comprehensive review of the literature was conducted to evaluate the current state of knowledge regarding the entourage effect. Relevant studies and scientific reviews were analyzed to assess the evidence of clinical efficacy and safety, as well as the regulation of cannabinoid-containing product production. Results: The EE is now recognized as a synergistic phenomenon in which multiple components of cannabis interact to modulate the therapeutic actions of the plant. However, the literature provides limited evidence to support it as a stable and predictable phenomenon. Hence, there is also limited evidence to support clinical efficacy, safety, and appropriate regulation for cannabinoid-containing products based on a "entourage" hypothesis. Conclusion: The EE has significant implications for the medical use of cannabinoid-containing products and their prescription. Nevertheless, a critical evaluation of the term's application is necessary. Further research and evidence are needed to establish the clinical efficacy, safety, and regulatory framework for these products. It's crucial that regulators, the pharmaceutical industry, the media, and health care providers exercise caution and avoid prematurely promoting the entourage effect hypothesis as a scientific proven phenomenon for cannabinoids and other cannabis-derived compound combinations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- João Luís Q Simei
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - José Diogo R Souza
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - João Roberto Lisboa
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Alline C Campos
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Francisco S Guimarães
- National Institute for Science and Technology-Translational Medicine, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Antonio Zuardi
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- National Institute for Science and Technology-Translational Medicine, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - José Alexandre S Crippa
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- National Institute for Science and Technology-Translational Medicine, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Di Salvo A, Conti MB, della Rocca G. Pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and safety of cannabidiol in dogs: an update of current knowledge. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1204526. [PMID: 37456953 PMCID: PMC10347378 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1204526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last 5 years, interest has grown in using phytocannabinoids, particularly cannabidiol (CBD), in veterinary medicine to treat several pathologies, including pain, epilepsy, anxiety, nausea, anorexia, skin lesions, and even some types of cancer, among others. Indeed, due to a positive perception of CBD use, many pet owners are increasingly requesting this option to relieve their pets, and many veterinarians are exploring this possibility for their patients. Besides the widespread empiric use of CBD in pets, the research is trying to obtain proof of its efficacy and lack of adverse effects and to know its pharmacokinetics to define an appropriate posology. This review summarizes all data published so far about the canine pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and tolerability of CBD and cannabidiolic acid (CBDA). Despite a certain number of available pharmacokinetic studies, the kinetic profile of CBD has yet to be fully known, probably because of the very different experimental conditions. In terms of efficacy, most studies have tested CBD' ability to relieve osteoarthritic pain. In contrast, few studies have evaluated its role in epilepsy, behavioral disorders, and skin lesions. From obtained results, some evidence exists supporting the beneficial role of CBD. Nevertheless, the limited number of published studies and the occurrence of bias in almost all require caution in interpreting findings. From tolerability studies, CBD' side effects can be classified as mild or unremarkable. However, studies were prevalently focused on short- to medium-term treatment, while CBD is usually employed for long-term treatment. Further studies are warranted to define better whether CBD could be a valid adjunct in canine treatment.
Collapse
|
11
|
Osorio-Perez RM, Rodríguez-Manzo G, Espinosa-Riquer ZP, Cruz SL, González-Espinosa C. Endocannabinoid modulation of allergic responses: Focus on the control of FcεRI-mediated mast cell activation. Eur J Cell Biol 2023; 102:151324. [PMID: 37236045 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2023.151324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Allergic reactions are highly prevalent pathologies initiated by the production of IgE antibodies against harmless antigens (allergens) and the activation of the high-affinity IgE receptor (FcεRI) expressed in the surface of basophils and mast cells (MCs). Research on the mechanisms of negative control of those exacerbated inflammatory reactions has been intense in recent years. Endocannabinoids (eCBs) show important regulatory effects on MC-mediated immune responses, mainly inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory mediators. However, the description of the molecular mechanisms involved in eCB control of MC activation is far from complete. In this review, we aim to summarize the available information regarding the role of eCBs in the modulation of FcεRI-dependent activation of that cell type, emphasizing the description of the eCB system and the existence of some of its elements in MCs. Unique characteristics of the eCB system and cannabinoid receptors (CBRs) localization and signaling in MCs are mentioned. The described and putative points of cross-talk between CBRs and FcεRI signaling cascades are also presented. Finally, we discuss some important considerations in the study of the effects of eCBs in MCs and the perspectives in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rubi Monserrat Osorio-Perez
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Unidad Sede Sur, Calzada de los Tenorios No. 235, Col. Granjas Coapa, Tlalpan, CP 14330 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gabriela Rodríguez-Manzo
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Unidad Sede Sur, Calzada de los Tenorios No. 235, Col. Granjas Coapa, Tlalpan, CP 14330 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Zyanya P Espinosa-Riquer
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Unidad Sede Sur, Calzada de los Tenorios No. 235, Col. Granjas Coapa, Tlalpan, CP 14330 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Silvia L Cruz
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Unidad Sede Sur, Calzada de los Tenorios No. 235, Col. Granjas Coapa, Tlalpan, CP 14330 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Claudia González-Espinosa
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Unidad Sede Sur, Calzada de los Tenorios No. 235, Col. Granjas Coapa, Tlalpan, CP 14330 Mexico City, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Nayak AP, Loblundo C, Bielory L. Immunomodulatory Actions of Cannabinoids: Clinical Correlates and Therapeutic Opportunities for Allergic Inflammation. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2023; 11:449-457. [PMID: 36280137 PMCID: PMC9918686 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2022.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Endogenously produced cannabinoids as well as phytocannabinoids broadly exhibit anti-inflammatory actions. Recent emergence of cannabis for multiple medical issues combined with reports on potent immunomodulatory actions of distinct components has underscored the therapeutic potential of cannabis. Although synthetic cannabinoids that are based on structural similarities to the existing class of cannabinoids have been on the rise, their application in therapeutics have been limited owing to toxicity concerns. Herein, we review the current literature that details the immunomodulatory actions of cannabinoids. Further, we highlight the complexities of cannabinoid biology and examine the potential inflammatory risks associated with the use of cannabis including potential for toxic interactions between distinct constituents of cannabis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ajay P Nayak
- Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pa; Center for Translational Medicine; Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Jane and Leonard Korman Lung Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pa.
| | - Cali Loblundo
- Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pa; Center for Translational Medicine; Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Jane and Leonard Korman Lung Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Leonard Bielory
- Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pa; Department of Medicine, Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Nutley, NJ; Rutgers University Center for Environmental Prediction, New Brunswick, NJ; Center for Aerobiological Research, Kean University, Union, NJ.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Luz-Veiga M, Azevedo-Silva J, Fernandes JC. Beyond Pain Relief: A Review on Cannabidiol Potential in Medical Therapies. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:155. [PMID: 37259306 PMCID: PMC9958812 DOI: 10.3390/ph16020155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The phytocannabinoid cannabidiol (CBD) is receiving increasing attention due to its pharmacological properties. Although CBD is extracted from Cannabis sativa, it lacks the psychoactive effects of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and has become an attractive compound for pharmacological uses due to its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticonvulsant, and anxiolytic potential. The molecular mechanisms involved in CBD's biological effects are not limited to its interaction with classical cannabinoid receptors, exerting anti-inflammatory or pain-relief effects. Several pieces of evidence demonstrate that CBD interacts with other receptors and cellular signaling cascades, which further support CBD's therapeutic potential beyond pain management. In this review, we take a closer look at the molecular mechanisms of CBD and its potential therapeutic application in the context of cancer, neurodegeneration, and autoimmune diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Luz-Veiga
- CBQF—Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina—Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - João Azevedo-Silva
- CBQF—Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina—Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - João C. Fernandes
- CBQF—Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina—Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
- Amyris Bio Products Portugal, Unipessoal Lda, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhu M, Guo Q, Kang H, Peng R, Dong Y, Zhang Y, Wang S, Liu H, Zhao H, Dong Z, Song K, Xu S, Wang P, Chen L, Liu J, Li F. Inhibition of FAAH suppresses RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis and attenuates ovariectomy-induced bone loss partially through repressing the IL17 pathway. FASEB J 2023; 37:e22690. [PMID: 36468880 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200911r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Fatty amide hydrolase (FAAH) is a key degradation enzyme of the endocannabinoid system, mainly responsible for the hydrolysis of arachidonic acid ethanolamine (AEA). Previous investigations have shown that FAAH is involved in a series of biological processes, such as inflammation, immune regulation, and transmembrane signal transduction of neurons. Endogenous cannabinoids and cannabinoid receptors have been reported to participate in the regulation of bone homeostasis by regulating the differentiation of osteoblasts and osteoclasts. We hypothesized that FAAH may play an important role in osteoclastogenesis based on the above evidence. The present study found that the FAAH expression was increased at both mRNA and protein levels during RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis. Pharmacological and genetic inhibition of FAAH in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) inhibited osteoclastogenesis, F-actin ring formation, bone resorption, and osteoclast-specific gene expression in vitro. Moreover, intragastric administration of the FAAH inhibitor PF-04457845(PF) ameliorated ovariectomy (OVX)-induced bone loss in mice. Further investigation revealed that nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways were inhibited by PF treatment and FAAH knockdown. RNAseq indicated that the IL17 pathway was blocked by PF, and administration of recombinant murine IL17 protein could partially restore osteoclastogenesis and activate NF-κB and MAPK pathways. To sum up, our findings demonstrate that targeting FAAH could be a promising candidate strategy for treating osteoclast-related diseases, especially osteoporosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meipeng Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qian Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Honglei Kang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Renpeng Peng
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yimin Dong
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yayun Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Sibo Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Haiyang Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongjian Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zijian Dong
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kehan Song
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shimeng Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Pengju Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Liangxi Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ramer R, Hinz B. Cannabinoid Compounds as a Pharmacotherapeutic Option for the Treatment of Non-Cancer Skin Diseases. Cells 2022; 11. [PMID: 36552866 DOI: 10.3390/cells11244102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system has been shown to be involved in various skin functions, such as melanogenesis and the maintenance of redox balance in skin cells exposed to UV radiation, as well as barrier functions, sebaceous gland activity, wound healing and the skin's immune response. In addition to the potential use of cannabinoids in the treatment and prevention of skin cancer, cannabinoid compounds and derivatives are of interest as potential systemic and topical applications for the treatment of various inflammatory, fibrotic and pruritic skin conditions. In this context, cannabinoid compounds have been successfully tested as a therapeutic option for the treatment of androgenetic alopecia, atopic and seborrhoeic dermatitis, dermatomyositis, asteatotic and atopic eczema, uraemic pruritis, scalp psoriasis, systemic sclerosis and venous leg ulcers. This review provides an insight into the current literature on cannabinoid compounds as potential medicines for the treatment of skin diseases.
Collapse
|
16
|
Gerasymchuk M, Robinson GI, Kovalchuk O, Kovalchuk I. The Effects of Nutrient Signaling Regulators in Combination with Phytocannabinoids on the Senescence-Associated Phenotype in Human Dermal Fibroblasts. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23. [PMID: 35955938 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying effective anti-aging compounds is a cornerstone of modern longevity, aging, and skin-health research. There is considerable evidence of the effectiveness of nutrient signaling regulators such as metformin, resveratrol, and rapamycin in longevity and anti-aging studies; however, their potential protective role in skin aging is controversial. In light of the increasing appearance of phytocannabinoids in beauty products without rigorous research on their rejuvenation efficacy, we decided to investigate the potential role of phytocannabinoids in combination with nutrient signaling regulators in skin rejuvenation. Utilizing CCD-1064Sk skin fibroblasts, the effect of metformin, triacetylresveratrol, and rapamycin combined with phytocannabinoids on cellular viability, functional activity, metabolic function, and nuclear architecture was tested. We found triacetylresveratrol combined with cannabidiol increased the viability of skin fibroblasts (p < 0.0001), restored wound-healing functional activity (p < 0.001), reduced metabolic dysfunction, and ameliorated nuclear eccentricity and circularity in senescent fibroblasts (p < 0.01). Conversely, metformin with or without phytocannabinoids did not show any beneficial effects on functional activity, while rapamycin inhibited cell viability (p < 0.01) and the speed of wound healing (p < 0.001). Therefore, triacetylresveratrol and cannabidiol can be a valuable source of biologically active substances used in aging and more studies using animals to confirm the efficacy of cannabidiol combined with triacetylresveratrol should be performed.
Collapse
|
17
|
Loewinger M, Wakshlag JJ, Bowden D, Peters‐Kennedy J, Rosenberg A. The effect of a mixed cannabidiol and cannabidiolic acid based oil on client‐owned dogs with atopic dermatitis. Vet Dermatol 2022; 33:329-e77. [PMID: 35644533 PMCID: PMC9543248 DOI: 10.1111/vde.13077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Cannabidiol (CBD) and cannabidiolic acid (CBDA) are reported to have antinociceptive, immunomodulatory and anti‐inflammatory actions. Objectives To determine if CBD/CBDA is an effective therapy for canine atopic dermatitis (cAD). Animals Thirty‐two privately owned dogs with cAD. Materials and methods Prospective, randomised, double‐blinded, placebo‐controlled study. Concurrent therapies were allowed if remained unchanged. Dogs were randomly assigned to receive either 2 mg/kg of an equal mix of CBD/CBDA (n = 17) or placebo for 4 weeks. On Day (D)0, D14 and D28, Canine Atopic Dermatitis Extent and Severity Index, 4th iteration (CADESI‐04) and pruritus Visual Analog Scale (pVAS) scores were determined by investigators and owners, respectively. Complete blood count, serum biochemistry profiles and cytokine bioassays were performed on serum collected on D0 and D28. Results There was no significant difference in CADESI‐04 from D0 to D14 (p = 0.42) or D28 (p = 0.51) in either group. pVAS scores were significantly lower for the treatment group at D14 (p = 0.04) and D28 (p = 0.01) and a significant change in pVAS from baseline was seen at D14 (p = 0.04) and not D28 (p = 0.054) between groups. There was no significant difference in serum levels of interleukin (IL)‐6, IL‐8, monocyte chemoattractant protein ‐ 1, IL‐31 or IL‐34 between groups at D0 or D28. Elevated alkaline phosphatase was observed in four of 17 treatment group dogs. Conclusions and clinical relevance CBD/CBDA as an adjunct therapy decreased pruritus, and not skin lesions associated with cAD in dogs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Joseph J. Wakshlag
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine Cornell University Ithaca NY USA
| | - Daniel Bowden
- Animal Dermatology and Allergy Specialists Wayne NJ USA
| | - Jeanine Peters‐Kennedy
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine Cornell University Ithaca NY USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Kibret BG, Patel S, Niezgoda J, Guns W, Niezgoda J, Gopalakrishnan S, Baban B, Cubillos P, Villeneuve D, Kumar P. Evidence-based Potential Therapeutic Applications of Cannabinoids in Wound Management. Adv Skin Wound Care 2022. [PMID: 35588193 DOI: 10.1097/01.ASW.0000831920.15801.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although wound management is a major component of all domains of healthcare, conventional therapeutics have numerous limitations. The endocannabinoid system of the skin, one of the major endogenous systems, has recently been connected to wound healing. Cannabinoids and their interactions with the endogenous chemical signaling system may be a promising therapeutic option because they address some of the fundamental pathways for physiologic derangement that underpin chronic integumentary wounds. RECENT ADVANCES The therapeutic applications of cannabinoids are increasing because of their legalization and resulting market expansion. Recently, their immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory properties have been explored for the treatment of wounds that are not effectively managed by conventional medicines. CRITICAL ISSUES Failure to manage wounds effectively is associated with reduced quality of life, disability, mortality, and increased healthcare expenditures. Therapeutic options that can manage wounds effectively and efficiently are needed. In this review, the authors summarize recent advances on the use of cannabinoids to treat skin disorders with an emphasis on wound management. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Effective wound management requires medicines with good therapeutic outcomes and minimal adverse effects. Despite the promising results of cannabinoids in wound management, further controlled clinical studies are required to establish the definitive role of these compounds in the pathophysiology of wounds and their usefulness in the clinical setting.
Collapse
|
19
|
Ramer R, Wendt F, Wittig F, Schäfer M, Boeckmann L, Emmert S, Hinz B. Impact of Cannabinoid Compounds on Skin Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14071769. [PMID: 35406541 PMCID: PMC8997154 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14071769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Drugs targeting the endocannabinoid system are of interest as potential systemic chemotherapeutic treatments and for palliative care in cancer. In this context, cannabinoid compounds have been successfully tested as a systemic therapeutic option in preclinical models over the past decades. Recent findings have suggested an essential function of the endocannabinoid system in the homeostasis of various skin functions and indicated that cannabinoids could also be considered for the treatment and prophylaxis of tumour diseases of the skin. Cannabinoids have been shown to exert their anticarcinogenic effects at different levels of skin cancer progression, such as inhibition of tumour growth, proliferation, invasion and angiogenesis, as well as inducing apoptosis and autophagy. This review provides an insight into the current literature on cannabinoid compounds as potential pharmaceuticals for the treatment of melanoma and squamous cell carcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Ramer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rostock University Medical Centre, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (R.R.); (F.W.); (F.W.)
| | - Franziska Wendt
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rostock University Medical Centre, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (R.R.); (F.W.); (F.W.)
| | - Felix Wittig
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rostock University Medical Centre, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (R.R.); (F.W.); (F.W.)
| | - Mirijam Schäfer
- Clinic and Polyclinic for Dermatology and Venereology, Rostock University Medical Centre, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (M.S.); (L.B.); (S.E.)
| | - Lars Boeckmann
- Clinic and Polyclinic for Dermatology and Venereology, Rostock University Medical Centre, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (M.S.); (L.B.); (S.E.)
| | - Steffen Emmert
- Clinic and Polyclinic for Dermatology and Venereology, Rostock University Medical Centre, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (M.S.); (L.B.); (S.E.)
| | - Burkhard Hinz
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rostock University Medical Centre, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (R.R.); (F.W.); (F.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-381-494-5770
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Rachayon M, Jirakran K, Sodsai P, Klinchanhom S, Sughondhabirom A, Plaimas K, Suratanee A, Maes M. In Vitro Effects of Cannabidiol on Activated Immune–Inflammatory Pathways in Major Depressive Patients and Healthy Controls. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15040405. [PMID: 35455402 PMCID: PMC9032852 DOI: 10.3390/ph15040405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder and major depressive episodes (MDD/MDE) are characterized by the activation of the immune–inflammatory response system (IRS) and the compensatory immune–regulatory system (CIRS). Cannabidiol (CBD) is a phytocannabinoid isolated from the cannabis plant, which is reported to have antidepressant-like and anti-inflammatory effects. The aim of the present study is to examine the effects of CBD on IRS, CIRS, M1, T helper (Th)-1, Th-2, Th-17, T regulatory (Treg) profiles, and growth factors in depression and healthy controls. Culture supernatant of stimulated (5 μg/mL of PHA and 25 μg/mL of LPS) whole blood of 30 depressed patients and 20 controls was assayed for cytokines using the LUMINEX assay. The effects of three CBD concentrations (0.1 µg/mL, 1 µg/mL, and 10 µg/mL) were examined. Depression was characterized by significantly increased PHA + LPS-stimulated Th-1, Th-2, Th-17, Treg, IRS, CIRS, and neurotoxicity profiles. CBD 0.1 µg/mL did not have any immune effects. CBD 1.0 µg/mL decreased CIRS activities but increased growth factor production, while CBD 10.0 µg/mL suppressed Th-1, Th-17, IRS, CIRS, and a neurotoxicity profile and enhanced T cell growth and growth factor production. CBD 1.0 to 10.0 µg/mL dose-dependently decreased sIL-1RA, IL-8, IL-9, IL-10, IL-13, CCL11, G-CSF, IFN-γ, CCL2, CCL4, and CCL5, and increased IL-1β, IL-4, IL-15, IL-17, GM-CSF, TNF-α, FGF, and VEGF. In summary, in this experiment, there was no beneficial effect of CBD on the activated immune profile of depression and higher CBD concentrations can worsen inflammatory processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muanpetch Rachayon
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, The Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (M.R.); (K.J.); (A.S.)
| | - Ketsupar Jirakran
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, The Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (M.R.); (K.J.); (A.S.)
- Maximizing Thai Children’s Developmental Potential Research Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Pimpayao Sodsai
- Center of Excellence in Immunology and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
| | - Siriwan Klinchanhom
- Division of Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
| | - Atapol Sughondhabirom
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, The Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (M.R.); (K.J.); (A.S.)
| | - Kitiporn Plaimas
- Advanced Virtual and Intelligent Computing (AVIC) Center, Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
| | - Apichat Suratanee
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Applied Science, King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok 10800, Thailand;
| | - Michael Maes
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, The Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (M.R.); (K.J.); (A.S.)
- IMPACT Strategic Research Center, Barwon Health, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Li L, Liu X, Ge W, Chen C, Huang Y, Jin Z, Zhan M, Duan X, Liu X, Kong Y, Jiang J, Li X, Zeng X, Li F, Xu S, Li M, Chen H. CB2R Deficiency Exacerbates Imiquimod-Induced Psoriasiform Dermatitis and Itch Through the Neuro-Immune Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:790712. [PMID: 35173615 PMCID: PMC8841964 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.790712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2R) is a potential target for anti-inflammatory and pain therapeutics given its significant immunomodulatory and analgesic effects. However, the role of CB2R in imiquimod (IMQ)-induced psoriasiform dermatitis (PsD) and itch is poorly understood. Objective: To investigate the function and mechanism of CB2R in PsD and itch in mice. Methods: Following daily treatment with topical IMQ cream for 5-7 consecutive days in C56BL/6 wild-type (WT) and CB2R gene knockout (KO) mice, we assessed the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) scores and the scratch bouts every day, and hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, toluidine blue staining were used to observe the histological changes. mRNA levels were analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Protein levels were detected by western blotting (WB), immunohistochemistry (IHC), immunofluorescence (IF) and cytometric bead array (CBA). Flow cytometry (FCM) was used to examine the proportion of Th17/Treg cells. Results: We found that CB2R expression levels were increased in mice with psoriasis. Compared with WT mice, CB2R deficiency exacerbated IMQ-induced PsD and scratching bouts and upregulated the expression of proinflammatory cytokines by increasing the infiltration of CD4+ T cells and the Th17/Treg ratio. Obvious proliferation and prolongation of nerve fibers and high expression of nerve growth factor (NGF) were observed in PsD and CB2R KO mice. Pretreatment with the CB2R agonist, JWH-133 significantly reversed inflammation and scratching bouts. CB2R didn't participate in the induction of itch in psoriasis by regulating the expression of IL-31, thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) and mast cells in mouse skins. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that CB2R plays a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of psoriasis, providing a new potential target for anti-inflammatory and antipruritic drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Department of Dermatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenqiang Ge
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuqiong Huang
- Department of Dermatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zilin Jin
- Department of Dermatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Muouyang Zhan
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoru Duan
- Department of Rheumatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinxin Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Kong
- Department of Dermatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jian Jiang
- Department of Dermatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuemei Li
- Department of Dermatology, Union Shenzhen Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xin Zeng
- Department of Dermatology, Union Shenzhen Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Dermatology, Union Shenzhen Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shibin Xu
- Department of Dermatology, Union Shenzhen Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Man Li
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongxiang Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Dermatology, Union Shenzhen Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Dermatology, The 6th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Martins AM, Gomes AL, Vilas Boas I, Marto J, Ribeiro HM. Cannabis-Based Products for the Treatment of Skin Inflammatory Diseases: A Timely Review. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:210. [PMID: 35215320 PMCID: PMC8878527 DOI: 10.3390/ph15020210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of natural products in dermatology is increasingly being pursued due to sustainability and ecological issues, and as a possible way to improve the therapeutic outcome of chronic skin diseases, relieving the burden for both patients and healthcare systems. The legalization of cannabis by a growing number of countries has opened the way for researching the use of cannabinoids in therapeutic topical formulations. Cannabinoids are a diverse class of pharmacologically active compounds produced by Cannabis sativa (phytocannabinoids) and similar molecules (endocannabinoids, synthetic cannabinoids). Humans possess an endocannabinoid system involved in the regulation of several physiological processes, which includes naturally-produced endocannabinoids, and proteins involved in their transport, synthesis and degradation. The modulation of the endocannabinoid system is a promising therapeutic target for multiple diseases, including vascular, mental and neurodegenerative disorders. However, due to the complex nature of this system and its crosstalk with other biological systems, the development of novel target drugs is an ongoing challenging task. The discovery of a skin endocannabinoid system and its role in maintaining skin homeostasis, alongside the anti-inflammatory actions of cannabinoids, has raised interest in their use for the treatment of skin inflammatory diseases, which is the focus of this review. Oral treatments are only effective at high doses, having considerable adverse effects; thus, research into plant-based or synthetic cannabinoids that can be incorporated into high-quality, safe topical products for the treatment of inflammatory skin conditions is timely. Previous studies revealed that such products are usually well tolerated and showed promising results for example in the treatment of atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, and contact dermatitis. However, further controlled human clinical trials are needed to fully unravel the potential of these compounds, and the possible side effects associated with their topical use.
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
Mammalian epidermis is a striking example of the role of lipids in tissue biology. In this stratified epithelium, highly specialized structures are formed that leverage the hydrophobic properties of lipids to form an impermeable barrier and protect the humid internal environment of the body from the dry outside. This is achieved through tightly regulated lipid synthesis that generates the molecular species unique to the tissue. Beyond their fundamental structural role, lipids are involved in the active protection of the body from external insults. Lipid species present on the surface of the body possess antimicrobial activity and directly contribute to shaping the commensal microbiota. Lipids belonging to a variety of classes are also involved in the signaling events that modulate the immune responses to environmental stress as well as differentiation of the epidermal keratinocytes themselves. Recently, high-resolution methods are beginning to provide evidence for the involvement of newly identified specific lipid molecules in the regulation of epidermal homeostasis. In this review we give an overview of the wide range of biological functions of mammalian epidermal lipids.
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
The public and health care providers are increasingly curious about the potential medical benefits of Cannabis. In vitro and in vivo studies of Cannabis have suggested it has favorable effects on regulating pain, pruritus, and inflammation, making it a potentially attractive therapeutic agent for many dermatologic conditions. The body of literature reporting on the role of cannabinoids in dermatology is in its infancy but growing. We review the current research, possible cutaneous adverse effects, and future directions for cannabinoids and their use in skin cancer, acne, psoriasis, pruritus, dermatitis, scleroderma, dermatomyositis, cutaneous lupus erythematous, epidermolysis bullosa, pain, and wound healing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly Shao
- Department of Dermatology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Campbell Stewart
- Department of Dermatology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jane M Grant-Kels
- Department of Dermatology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Ruhl T, Lippold EF, Christer T, Schaefer B, Kim BS, Beier JP. Genetic deletion of the cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2 enhances inflammation with diverging effects on skin wound healing in mice. Life Sci 2021; 285:120018. [PMID: 34624321 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Inflammation during wound healing is both essential and critical for restoring tissue integrity. Participating cells secrete soluble factors to regulate the inflammatory phase and to induce the adjacent regenerative processes. If pro-inflammatory signals are overexpressed, the wound stagnates in the inflammatory phase, which decelerates regular wound healing. The endocannabinoid system is ascribed great significance in maintenance of tissue homeostasis. It mediates several effects through the cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2. MAIN METHODS In order to clarify the role of these receptors in wound healing, excisional wounds were created on wildtype and CB1 and CB2 knockout mice. The wound closure was analyzed over a period of 14 days, and cytokine concentrations of tissue homogenisates were measured by ELISA. MSCs were isolated from the animals' subcutaneous adipose tissue and analyzed for viability and differentiation capacity, in vitro. KEY FINDINGS Deletion of CB2 increased Interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α but did not affect tissue regeneration. In CB1-deficient animals, wound closure was delayed during early phases of healing, which was accompanied by increased concentrations of monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 and TNF-α. CB1 and CB2 knockout MSCs presented altered viability and differentiation capacity compared to wildtype MSCs. The CB1-deficient MSCs released high levels of MCP-1 upon stimulation with TNF-α and IL-1β. SIGNIFICANCE The data indicate that both cannabinoid receptors regulate inflammation, and this study emphasizes the important role of CB1 in wound repair. Furthermore, our findings suggest that the secretome of CB1-deficient MSCs may contribute to the wound healing delay, in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tim Ruhl
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Hand Surgery-Burn Center, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Ella F Lippold
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Hand Surgery-Burn Center, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Tim Christer
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Hand Surgery-Burn Center, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Benedikt Schaefer
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Hand Surgery-Burn Center, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Bong-Sung Kim
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Hand Surgery-Burn Center, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Justus P Beier
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Hand Surgery-Burn Center, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Denda M, Nakanishi S. Do epidermal keratinocytes have sensory and information processing systems? Exp Dermatol 2021; 31:459-474. [PMID: 34726302 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
It was long considered that the role of epidermal keratinocytes is solely to construct a water-impermeable protective membrane, the stratum corneum, at the uppermost layer of the skin. However, in the last two decades, it has been found that keratinocytes contain multiple sensory systems that detect environmental changes, including mechanical stimuli, sound, visible radiation, electric fields, magnetic fields, temperature and chemical stimuli, and also a variety of receptor molecules associated with olfactory or taste sensation. Moreover, neurotransmitters and their receptors that play crucial roles in the brain are functionally expressed in keratinocytes. Recent studies have demonstrated that excitation of keratinocytes can induce sensory perception in the brain. Here, we review the sensory and information processing capabilities of keratinocytes. We discuss the possibility that epidermal keratinocytes might represent the earliest stage in the development of the brain during the evolution of vertebrates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuhiro Denda
- Institute for Advanced Study of Mathematical Sciences, Meiji University, Nakano-ku, Tokyo, 164-8525, Japan
| | - Shinobu Nakanishi
- Shiseido Global Innovation Center, Nishi-ku, Yokohama, 220-0011, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Hashiesh HM, Sharma C, Goyal SN, Jha NK, Ojha S. Pharmacological Properties, Therapeutic Potential and Molecular Mechanisms of JWH133, a CB2 Receptor-Selective Agonist. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:702675. [PMID: 34393784 PMCID: PMC8363263 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.702675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system has attracted attention as a pharmacological target for several pathological conditions. Cannabinoid (CB2)-selective agonists have been the focus of pharmacological studies because modulation of the CB2 receptor (CB2R) can be useful in the treatment of pain, inflammation, arthritis, addiction, and cancer among other possible therapeutic applications while circumventing CNS-related adverse effects. Increasing number of evidences from different independent preclinical studies have suggested new perspectives on the involvement of CB2R signaling in inflammation, infection and immunity, thus play important role in cancer, cardiovascular, renal, hepatic and metabolic diseases. JWH133 is a synthetic agonist with high CB2R selectivity and showed to exert CB2R mediated antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, gastroprotective, nephroprotective, and immunomodulatory activities. Cumulative evidences suggest that JWH133 protects against hepatic injury, renal injury, cardiotoxicity, fibrosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and cancer as well as against oxidative damage and inflammation, inhibits fibrosis and apoptosis, and acts as an immunosuppressant. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the polypharmacological properties and therapeutic potential of JWH133. This review also presents molecular mechanism and signaling pathways of JWH133 under various pathological conditions except neurological diseases. Based on the available data, this review proposes the possibilities of developing JWH133 as a promising therapeutic agent; however, further safety and toxicity studies in preclinical studies and clinical trials in humans are warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hebaallah Mamdouh Hashiesh
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Charu Sharma
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sameer N Goyal
- Shri Vile Parle Kelavani Mandal's Institute of Pharmacy, Dhule, India
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology (SET), Sharda University, Greater Noida, India
| | - Shreesh Ojha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.,Zayed Bin Sultan Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Graczyk M, Lewandowska AA, Dzierżanowski T. The Therapeutic Potential of Cannabis in Counteracting Oxidative Stress and Inflammation. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26154551. [PMID: 34361704 PMCID: PMC8347461 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Significant growth of interest in cannabis (Cannabis sativa L.), especially its natural anti-inflammatory and antioxidative properties, has been observed recently. This narrative review aimed to present the state of the art of research concerning the anti-inflammatory activity of all classes of cannabinoids published in the last five years. Multimodal properties of cannabinoids include their involvement in immunological processes, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidative effects. Cannabinoids and non-cannabinoid compounds of cannabis proved their anti-inflammatory effects in numerous animal models. The research in humans is missing, and the results are unconvincing. Although preclinical evidence suggests cannabinoids are of value in treating chronic inflammatory diseases, the clinical evidence is scarce, and further well-designed clinical trials are essential to determine the prospects for using cannabinoids in inflammatory conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michał Graczyk
- Department of Palliative Care, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100 Toruń, Poland;
| | | | - Tomasz Dzierżanowski
- Laboratory of Palliative Medicine, Department of Social Medicine and Public Health, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-007 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Qi X, Lin W, Wu Y, Li Q, Zhou X, Li H, Xiao Q, Wang Y, Shao B, Yuan Q. CBD Promotes Oral Ulcer Healing via Inhibiting CMPK2-Mediated Inflammasome. J Dent Res 2021; 101:206-215. [PMID: 34269108 DOI: 10.1177/00220345211024528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral ulcer is a common oral inflammatory lesion accompanied by severe pain but with few effective treatments. Cannabidiol (CBD) is recently emerging for its therapeutic potential in a range of diseases, including inflammatory conditions and cancers. Here we show that CBD oral spray on acid- or trauma-induced oral ulcers on mice tongue inhibits inflammation, relieves pain, and accelerates lesion closure. Notably, the enrichment of genes associated with the NOD, LRR, and NLRP3 pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome pathway is downregulated after CBD treatment. The expression of cleaved-gasdermin D (GSDMD) and the percentage of pyroptotic cells are reduced as well. In addition, CBD decreases the expression of cytidine/uridine monophosphate kinase 2 (CMPK2), which subsequently inhibits the generation of oxidized mitochondria DNA and suppresses inflammasome activation. These immunomodulating effects of CBD are mostly blocked by peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ (PPARγ) antagonist and partially antagonized by CB1 receptor antagonist. Our results demonstrate that CBD accelerates oral ulcer healing by inhibiting CMPK2-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome activation and pyroptosis, which are mediated mostly by PPARγ in the nucleus and partially by CB1 in the plasma membrane.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- X Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - W Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Y Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Q Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - X Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - H Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Q Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Y Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - B Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Q Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Scheau C, Caruntu C, Badarau IA, Scheau AE, Docea AO, Calina D, Caruntu A. Cannabinoids and Inflammations of the Gut-Lung-Skin Barrier. J Pers Med 2021; 11:494. [PMID: 34072930 PMCID: PMC8227007 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11060494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have identified great similarities and interferences between the epithelial layers of the digestive tract, the airways and the cutaneous layer. The relationship between these structures seems to implicate signaling pathways, cellular components and metabolic features, and has led to the definition of a gut-lung-skin barrier. Inflammation seems to involve common features in these tissues; therefore, analyzing the similarities and differences in the modulation of its biomarkers can yield significant data promoting a better understanding of the particularities of specific signaling pathways and cellular effects. Cannabinoids are well known for a wide array of beneficial effects, including anti-inflammatory properties. This paper aims to explore the effects of natural and synthetic cannabinoids, including the components of the endocannabinoid system, in relation to the inflammation of the gut-lung-skin barrier epithelia. Recent advancements in the use of cannabinoids as anti-inflammatory substances in various disorders of the gut, lungs and skin are detailed. Some studies have reported mixed or controversial results, and these have also been addressed in our paper.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Scheau
- Department of Physiology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (C.S.); (C.C.); (I.A.B.)
| | - Constantin Caruntu
- Department of Physiology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (C.S.); (C.C.); (I.A.B.)
- Department of Dermatology, “Prof. N. Paulescu” National Institute of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, 011233 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ioana Anca Badarau
- Department of Physiology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (C.S.); (C.C.); (I.A.B.)
| | - Andreea-Elena Scheau
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, Fundeni Clinical Institute, 022328 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Anca Oana Docea
- Department of Toxicology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Daniela Calina
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Ana Caruntu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, “Carol Davila” Central Military Emergency Hospital, 010825 Bucharest, Romania;
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Titu Maiorescu” University, 031593 Bucharest, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Rahaman O, Ganguly D. Endocannabinoids in immune regulation and immunopathologies. Immunology 2021; 164:242-252. [PMID: 34053085 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocannabinoids are key bioactive components of the endocannabinoid system, and the profound influence of endocannabinoids on the modulation of the immune system is being increasingly appreciated. The knowledge of endocannabinoid-immune cell crosstalk will pave the way to therapeutic implications of modulators of this pathway in autoimmune and chronic inflammatory disorders. Endocannabinoids seem to exert both anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory effects in specific contexts, based on specific receptor engagement and the downstream signalling pathways involved. In this review, we summarized the biosynthesis, signalling and degradation of two well-studied endocannabinoids-anandamide and 2-arachidonylglycerol in immune cells. Then, we discussed the effects of these two endocannabinoids on the functioning of major innate and adaptive immune cells, along with the choice of receptors employed in such interactions. Finally, we outline our current knowledge on the involvement of anandamide and 2-arachidonylglycerol in context of inflammation, allergies, autoimmunity and metabolic disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oindrila Rahaman
- Dendritic Cell Biology Laboratory, IICB-Translational Research Unit of Excellence, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Dipyaman Ganguly
- Dendritic Cell Biology Laboratory, IICB-Translational Research Unit of Excellence, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Fulo HF, Shoeib A, Cabanlong CV, Williams AH, Zhan CG, Prather PL, Dudley GB. Synthesis, Molecular Pharmacology, and Structure-Activity Relationships of 3-(Indanoyl)indoles as Selective Cannabinoid Type 2 Receptor Antagonists. J Med Chem 2021; 64:6381-6396. [PMID: 33887913 PMCID: PMC8683641 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic indole cannabinoids characterized by a 2',2'-dimethylindan-5'-oyl group at the indole C3 position constitute a new class of ligands possessing high affinity for human CB2 receptors at a nanomolar concentration and a good selectivity index. Starting from the neutral antagonist 4, the effects of indole core modification on the pharmacodynamic profile of the ligands were investigated. Several N1 side chains afforded potent and CB2-selective neutral antagonists, notably derivatives 26 (R1 = n-propyl, R2 = H) and 35 (R1 = 4-pentynyl, R2 = H). Addition of a methyl group at C2 improved the selectivity for the CB2 receptor. Moreover, C2 indole substitution may control the CB2 activity as shown by the functionality switch in 35 (antagonist) and 49 (R1 = 4-pentynyl, R2 = CH3, partial agonist).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harvey F Fulo
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Amal Shoeib
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, United States
| | - Christian V Cabanlong
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, United States
| | - Alexander H Williams
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
| | - Chang-Guo Zhan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
| | - Paul L Prather
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, United States
| | - Gregory B Dudley
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Kaminski NE, Kaplan BLF. Immunomodulation by cannabinoids: Current uses, mechanisms, and identification of data gaps to be addressed for additional therapeutic application. Adv Pharmacol 2021; 91:1-59. [PMID: 34099105 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2021.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system plays a critical role in immunity and therefore its components, including cannabinoid receptors 1 and 2 (CB1 and CB2), are putative druggable targets for immune-mediated diseases. Whether modulating endogenous cannabinoid levels or interacting with CB1 or CB2 receptors directly, cannabinoids or cannabinoid-based therapeutics (CBTs) show promise as anti-inflammatory or immune suppressive agents. Herein we provide an overview of cannabinoid effects in animals and humans that provide support for the use of CBTs in immune-mediated disease such as multiple sclerosis (MS), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), asthma, arthritis, diabetes, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND). This is not an exhaustive review of cannabinoid effects on immune responses, but rather provides: (1) key studies in which initial and/or novel observations were made in animal studies; (2) critical human studies including meta-analyses and randomized clinical trials (RCTs) in which CBTs have been assessed; and (3) evidence for the role of CB1 or CB2 receptors in immune-mediated diseases through genetic analyses of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the CNR1 and CNR2 genes that encode CB1 or CB2 receptors, respectively. Perhaps most importantly, we provide our view of data gaps that exist, which if addressed, would allow for more rigorous evaluation of the efficacy and risk to benefit ratio of the use of cannabinoids and/or CBTs for immune-mediated diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Norbert E Kaminski
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Center for Research on Ingredient Safety, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Barbara L F Kaplan
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Olusegun OA, Martincigh BS. Allergic contact dermatitis: a significant environmental and occupational skin disease. Int J Dermatol 2021; 60:1082-1091. [PMID: 33710640 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.15502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
This review article seeks to provide an overview of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) as a significant environmental and occupational skin disease, the phases of ACD, its causes from the occupational and environmental perspectives, its detection, the effects of ACD with respect to the social, psychological, occupational, and financial perspectives, and its cure and/or prevention. Human skin is very sensitive and as the largest organ in the body, it is highly prone to direct and indirect contact with the substances from its environment. The skin reacts to these substances (xenobiotics) differently depending on the individual's tolerance level or threshold. Allergic contact dermatitis is a significant environmental and occupational skin disease that should not be ignored in our society because it can affect the quality of life of an affected individual. There are multiple causes of ACD, and these causes of ACD have been discussed from two perspectives: environmental and occupational. The effects of ACD can be psychological, social, financial, and occupational. There is need for more public enlightenment on the effects of ACD as well as a precise understanding that it is not a contagious disease so as to significantly reduce the psychological and social effects of ACD on these patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olufunmilayo A Olusegun
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Private Bag X54001, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Bice S Martincigh
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Private Bag X54001, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Rundle CW, Rietcheck HR, Maghfour J, Dercon S, Fernandez J, Lio P, Dellavalle RP, Fujita M, Yardley H. Anti-inflammatory Effect of Cannabidiol and Palmitoylethanolamide Containing Topical Formulation on Skin in a 12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-Acetate-Induced Dermatitis Model in Mice. Dermatitis 2021. [PMID: 33654018 DOI: 10.1097/DER.0000000000000722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic inflammatory skin disorders, such as atopic dermatitis, have significant disease burden worldwide. Although efficacious, the adverse effect profile of topical corticosteroids limits long-term use. As an alternative, cannabinoids have been shown to have anti-inflammatory therapeutic effects. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess the effects of a topical cannabinoid product using dermatitis mouse model. METHODS Thirty-five mice were randomized into treatment groups. 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate was used as an irritant on 1 ear with the contralateral ear serving as a control. Ear edema was calipered. The test product containing 0.9% cannabidiol and palmitoylethanolamide was compared with a potent topical corticosteroid. RESULTS Treatment with topical cannabinoid formulation reduced ear edema by 51.27% at 24 hours' and 65.69% at 48 hours' postapplication. Alternatively, mometasone reduced ear edema by 89.82% at 24 hours and 98.25% at 48 hours. Natural reduction (control) in ear edema was 26.32% at 24 hours and 44.21% at 48 hours. Both test groups resulted in significantly decreased edema when compared with baseline (P < 0.05), as well as compared with the negative control group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Significant reduction in ear edema, a marker for localized cutaneous inflammation, could be attributed to anti-inflammatory properties of cannabinoids. Although effects were less robust than topical corticosteroid use, cannabinoid formulations have therapeutic promise for dermatitis.
Collapse
|
36
|
Sugawara K, Zákány N, Tiede S, Purba T, Harries M, Tsuruta D, Bíró T, Paus R. Human epithelial stem cell survival within their niche requires "tonic" cannabinoid receptor 1-signalling-Lessons from the hair follicle. Exp Dermatol 2021; 30:479-493. [PMID: 33523535 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system (ECS) regulates multiple aspects of human epithelial physiology, including inhibition/stimulation of keratinocyte proliferation/apoptosis, respectively. Yet, how the ECS impacts on human adult epithelial stem cell (eSC) functions remains unknown. Scalp hair follicles (HFs) offer a clinically relevant, prototypic model system for studying this directly within the native human stem cell niche. Here, we show in organ-cultured human HFs that, unexpectedly, selective activation of cannabinoid receptor-1 (CB1)-mediated signalling via the MAPK (MEK/Erk 1/2) and Akt pathways significantly increases the number and proliferation of cytokeratin CK15+ or CK19+ human HF bulge eSCs in situ, and enhances CK15 promoter activity in situ. In striking contrast, CB1-stimulation promotes apoptosis in the differentiated progeny of these eSCs (CK6+ HF keratinocytes). Instead, intrafollicular CB1 gene knockdown or CB1 antagonist treatment significantly reduces human HF eSCs numbers and stimulates their apoptosis, while CB1 knockout mice exhibit a reduced bulge eSCs pool in vivo. This identifies "tonic" CB1 signalling as a required survival stimulus for adult human HF eSCs within their niche. This novel concept must be taken into account whenever the human ECS is targeted therapeutically.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Koji Sugawara
- Department of Dermatology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Stephan Tiede
- Department of Biochemistry, Children's Hospital, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Talveen Purba
- Centre for Dermatology Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, MAHSC, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Matthew Harries
- Centre for Dermatology Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, MAHSC, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester, UK.,The Dermatology Centre, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Daisuke Tsuruta
- Department of Dermatology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tamás Bíró
- Monasterium Laboratory, Münster, Germany
| | - Ralf Paus
- Monasterium Laboratory, Münster, Germany.,Centre for Dermatology Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, MAHSC, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester, UK.,Dr Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Kong HE, Pollack BP, Blalock TW. Cannabinoids in dermatologic surgery. J Am Acad Dermatol 2021; 85:1565-1570. [PMID: 33422628 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2021.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Though known as a medicinal herb for centuries, the recent legalization of cannabinoids across many states has ushered in a new era where cannabinoids have become a popular treatment option among clinicians and patients alike. Cannabinoids have demonstrated efficacy in wound healing, reducing inflammation, ameliorating pain, and have shown potential as an antitumor agent. As a result, cannabinoids have been rapidly woven into the fabric of modern medicine. However, the utility of cannabinoids in dermatologic surgery has not been explored to date. In this article, we review the current literature to discuss the potential impact of cannabinoid use in dermatologic surgery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ha Eun Kong
- Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Brian P Pollack
- Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; Department of Dermatology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; Atlanta VA Health System, Decatur, Georgia
| | - Travis W Blalock
- Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; Department of Dermatology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; Atlanta VA Health System, Decatur, Georgia.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Correia-Sá IB, Carvalho CM, Serrão PV, Machado VA, Carvalho SO, Marques M, Vieira-Coelho MA. AM251, a cannabinoid receptor 1 antagonist, prevents human fibroblasts differentiation and collagen deposition induced by TGF-β - An in vitro study. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 892:173738. [PMID: 33220269 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies showed that cannabinoid 1 receptor (CB1) is linked with skin fibrosis and scar tissue formation in mice. Therefore, the topical use of cannabinoids may have a role in the prevention or treatment of local fibrotic and wound healing diseases as hypertrophic scars or keloids. In this study, we asked whether CB1 activation or inactivation would change fibroblast differentiation into myofibroblast and collagen deposition in skin human fibroblast. Primary cultures of adult human fibroblasts were obtained from abdominal human skin. Cells were stimulated with transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β, 10ng/ml) and treated with a CB1 selective agonist (arachidonyl-2-chloroethylamide, ACEA 1 μM) and an antagonist (AM251 1, 5 and 10 μM). Alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) was quantified using Immunocytochemistry and Western Blot. Collagen was quantified with Sirius Red staining assay. Significance was assessed by One-way ANOVA. P < 0.05 was considered significant. TGF-β significantly increases α-SMA expression. ACEA 1 μM significantly increases collagen deposition but does not change α-SMA expression. AM251 10 μM added in the absence and the presence of ACEA reduces α-SMA expression and collagen content in TGF-β treated cells. AM251 shows a concentration-dependent effect over collagen deposition with a pIC50 of 5.5 (4.6-6.4). TGF-β significantly increases CB1 receptor expression. CB1 inactivation with AM251 prevents fibroblasts differentiation and collagen deposition, induced by TGF-β in human fibroblasts. The outcome supports that CB1 is a molecular target for wound healing disorders and in vivo and pre-clinical studies should be implemented to clarify this premise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inês B Correia-Sá
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery and Burn Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto and Centro Hospitalar São João, EPE, Porto, Portugal; Department of Biomedicine - Pharmacology and Therapeutics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oporto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Cláudia M Carvalho
- Department of Biomedicine - Pharmacology and Therapeutics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oporto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula V Serrão
- Department of Biomedicine - Pharmacology and Therapeutics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oporto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Vera A Machado
- Department of Biomedicine - Pharmacology and Therapeutics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oporto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sofia O Carvalho
- Department of Biomedicine - Pharmacology and Therapeutics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oporto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Marisa Marques
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery and Burn Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto and Centro Hospitalar São João, EPE, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria A Vieira-Coelho
- Department of Biomedicine - Pharmacology and Therapeutics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oporto, Porto, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Proksch E, Soeberdt M, Neumann C, Kilic A, Abels C. Modulators of the endocannabinoid system influence skin barrier repair, epidermal proliferation, differentiation and inflammation in a mouse model. Exp Dermatol 2020; 28:1058-1065. [PMID: 31350927 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Endocannabinoids (ECs) are important regulators of cell signalling. Cannabinoid receptors are involved in keratinocyte proliferation/differentiation. Elevation of the endogenous cannabinoid tone leads to strong anti-inflammatory effects. Here, we explored the influence of endocannabinoid system (ECS) modulators on skin permeability barrier repair, epidermal proliferation, differentiation and inflammation in hairless mice. We used WOBE440, a selective fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) inhibitor, WOL067-531, an inhibitor of endocannabinoid reuptake with no relevant FAAH activity, which both signal via cannabinoid receptor-1 and cannabinoid receptor-2 (CB-1R and CB-2R) and compared them to WOBE15 which signals via CB-2R. Barrier disruption and skin irritation were induced by tape stripping or by sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) patch testing. Immediately after barrier disruption, 30 μL of 0.5% WOBE440, WOL067-531 and WOBE15 solutions or the vehicle was applied topically. Barrier repair was monitored by transepidermal water loss at 1.5, 3, 5 and 7 hours. We found that barrier repair was significantly delayed by WOL067-531. A tendency for a delay was noticed for WOBE440, whereas for WOBE15, no effect was observed. Immunohistology showed that the tape-stripping-induced increase in epidermal proliferation and filaggrin expression was significantly reduced by topical applications of WOL067-531 and WOBE440, but not by WOBE15. Also, the SDS-induced inflammation, as determined by the number of inflammatory cells, was reduced by WOL067-531 and WOBE440. In summary, we showed that WOL067-531 exhibits a significant effect on skin barrier repair, epidermal proliferation/differentiation and inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Claudia Neumann
- Department of Dermatology, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Ana Kilic
- Dr. August Wolff GmbH & Co. KG, Bielefeld, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Siracusa R, Fusco R, Cordaro M, Peritore AF, D'Amico R, Gugliandolo E, Crupi R, Genovese T, Evangelista M, Di Paola R, Cuzzocrea S, Impellizzeri D. The Protective Effects of Pre- and Post-Administration of Micronized Palmitoylethanolamide Formulation on Postoperative Pain in Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7700. [PMID: 33080989 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Postoperative pain (PO) is a common form of acute pain. Inadequate PO treatment is an important health problem, as it leads to worse outcomes, such as chronic post-surgical pain. Therefore, it is necessary to acquire new knowledge on PO mechanisms to develop therapeutic options with greater efficacy than those available today and to lower the risk of adverse effects. For this reason, we evaluated the ability of micronized palmitoylethanolamide (PEA-m) to resolve the pain and inflammatory processes activated after incision of the hind paw in an animal model of PO. Methods: The animals were subjected to surgical paw incision and randomized into different groups. PEA-m was administered orally at 10 mg/kg at different time points before or after incision. Results: Our research demonstrated that the pre- and post-treatment with PEA-m reduced the activation of mast cells at the incision site and the expression of its algogenic mediator nerve growth factor (NGF) in the lumbar spinal cord. Furthermore, again at the spinal level, it was able to decrease the activation of phospho-extracellular signal-regulated kinases (p-ERK), ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba1), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). PEA-m also reduced the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) spinal pathway, showing a protective effect in a rat model of PO. Conclusion: The results obtained reinforce the idea that PEA-m may be a potential treatment for the control of pain and inflammatory processes associated with PO. In addition, pre- and post-treatment with PEA-m is more effective than treatment alone after the surgery and this limits the time of taking the compound and the abuse of analgesics.
Collapse
|
41
|
Rupasinghe HPV, Davis A, Kumar SK, Murray B, Zheljazkov VD. Industrial Hemp ( Cannabis sativa subsp. sativa) as an Emerging Source for Value-Added Functional Food Ingredients and Nutraceuticals. Molecules 2020; 25:E4078. [PMID: 32906622 PMCID: PMC7571072 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25184078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L., Cannabaceae) is an ancient cultivated plant originating from Central Asia and historically has been a multi-use crop valued for its fiber, food, and medicinal uses. Various oriental and Asian cultures kept records of its production and numerous uses. Due to the similarities between industrial hemp (fiber and grain) and the narcotic/medical type of Cannabis, the production of industrial hemp was prohibited in most countries, wiping out centuries of learning and genetic resources. In the past two decades, most countries have legalized industrial hemp production, prompting a significant amount of research on the health benefits of hemp and hemp products. Current research is yet to verify the various health claims of the numerous commercially available hemp products. Hence, this review aims to compile recent advances in the science of industrial hemp, with respect to its use as value-added functional food ingredients/nutraceuticals and health benefits, while also highlighting gaps in our current knowledge and avenues of future research on this high-value multi-use plant for the global food chain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H. P. Vasantha Rupasinghe
- Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada; (A.D.); (B.M.)
| | - Amy Davis
- Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada; (A.D.); (B.M.)
| | - Shanthanu K. Kumar
- Section of Horticulture, School of Integrative Plant Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA;
| | - Beth Murray
- Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada; (A.D.); (B.M.)
| | - Valtcho D. Zheljazkov
- Department of Crop and Soil Science, 431A Crop Science Building, 3050 SW Campus Way, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Abstract
The legalisation of cannabis in a growing number of jurisdictions has led to increasing interest in its potential therapeutic effects in a range of disorders, including cutaneous conditions. Cannabinoids have been used as natural medicines for centuries; however, their biological activity in the skin is a new area of study. Recent data suggest that cannabinoids are involved in neuro-immuno-endocrine modulation of skin functioning, yet their effect on the features of dermatologic conditions is unclear. This article sought to review the mechanisms by which cannabinoids regulate skin functioning through the lens of relevance to treatment of dermatologic diseases looking at the effects of cannabinoids on a range of cellular activities and dermatologic conditions both in vitro and in vivo. We identified studies demonstrating an inhibitory effect of cannabinoids on skin inflammation, proliferation, fibrosis, pain, and itch-biological mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of many dermatologic conditions. Cannabinoids have the potential to expand the therapeutic repertoire of a wide spectrum of skin disorders. Given their widespread unregulated use by the general public, basic and clinical studies are required to elucidate the effectiveness and long-term effects of topical and systemic cannabinoids in cutaneous disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Irene Lara-Corrales
- The Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, 555 University Ave, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Elena Pope
- The Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, 555 University Ave, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Soeberdt M, Kilic A, Abels C. Current and emerging treatments targeting the neuroendocrine system for disorders of the skin and its appendages. Exp Dermatol 2020; 29:801-813. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.14145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Kilic
- Dr. August Wolff GmbH & Co. KG Arzneimittel Bielefeld Germany
| | - Christoph Abels
- Dr. August Wolff GmbH & Co. KG Arzneimittel Bielefeld Germany
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Correia-Sá IB, Carvalho CM, Serrão PV, Loureiro AI, Fernandes-Lopes C, Marques M, Vieira-Coelho MA. A new role for anandamide: defective link between the systemic and skin endocannabinoid systems in hypertrophic human wound healing. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11134. [PMID: 32636441 PMCID: PMC7341842 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68058-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of cannabinoids to treat fibrotic skin diseases is an emergent issue. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate systemic and skin endocannabinoid responses in the wound-healing process in humans. A prospective study was performed in 50 patients who underwent body-contouring surgery. Anandamide (N-arachidonoylethanolamine, AEA), 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) and oleoylethanolamide (OEA) were quantified using LC-MS/MS. Ten (20%) patients developed hypertrophic (HT) scars. No significant changes were observed between the normal (N) scar and HT scar groups in terms of plasma and skin endocannabinoids. Nevertheless, a positive correlation between plasma and skin AEA concentrations was found in the N group (r = 0.38, p = 0.015), which was absent in the HT group. Moreover, the AEA concentration was significantly lower in HT scar tissue than in normal scar tissue (0.77 ± 0.12 ng/g vs 1.15 ± 0.15 ng/g, p < 0.001). Interestingly, in all patients, the surgical intervention produced a time-dependent effect with a U shape for AEA, PEA and OEA plasma concentrations. In contrast, 2-AG plasma concentrations increased 5 days after surgery and were reduced and stabilized 3 months later. These results suggest crosstalk between systemic and local skin endocannabinoid systems during human wound healing. AEA appears to be the most likely candidate for this link, which is deficient in patients with HT scars.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inês B Correia-Sá
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery and Burn Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto and Centro Hospitalar São João, EPE, Al. Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200 - 319, Porto, Portugal. .,Department of Biomedicine - Pharmacology and Therapeutics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Cláudia M Carvalho
- Department of Biomedicine - Pharmacology and Therapeutics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula V Serrão
- Department of Biomedicine - Pharmacology and Therapeutics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,MedInUP-Centro de Investigação Farmacológica E Inovação Medicamentosa, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana I Loureiro
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Research and Development, BIAL-Portela & Cª., S.A., Trofa, Portugal
| | - Carlos Fernandes-Lopes
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Research and Development, BIAL-Portela & Cª., S.A., Trofa, Portugal
| | - Marisa Marques
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery and Burn Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto and Centro Hospitalar São João, EPE, Al. Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200 - 319, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria A Vieira-Coelho
- Department of Biomedicine - Pharmacology and Therapeutics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,MedInUP-Centro de Investigação Farmacológica E Inovação Medicamentosa, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Correia-Sá I, Paiva A, Carvalho CM, Vieira-Coelho MA. Cutaneous endocannabinoid system: Does it have a role on skin wound healing bearing fibrosis? Pharmacol Res 2020; 159:104862. [PMID: 32454223 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recently, the endocannabinoid system has been identified in skin and it has been linked with the formation of skin fibrosis and wound healing. We aimed to find and analyse reported data on compounds acting in the endocannabinoid system with significant effect in skin fibrosis. METHODS A literature search on PUBMED was conducted for studies published in English until February 2020 on cannabinoids and skin fibrosis. The initial search was performed with terms: "cannabinoid" AND "skin". This search retrieved 296 publications from which 18 directly related to skin fibrosis or wound healing process were included in this review. RESULTS CB1 receptor inactivation and CB2 receptor activation show anti-fibrotic effects on cellular and animal experimental models of cutaneous fibrosis. CB2 receptor activation also promotes re-epithelization. Other cannabinoid related receptors, like adenosine A2A receptors and PPAR-γ, are also involved. Their activation lead to a pro-fibrotic and anti-fibrotic effect, respectively. CONCLUSION Several molecular drug targets for endocannabinoid system were identified in skin. It may be a promising approach for the treatment of excessive skin fibrosis disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inês Correia-Sá
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery and Burn Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto and Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, EPE, Al. Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; Department of Biomedicine - Pharmacology and Therapeutics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Anita Paiva
- Department of Biomedicine - Pharmacology and Therapeutics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Cláudia M Carvalho
- Department of Biomedicine - Pharmacology and Therapeutics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria A Vieira-Coelho
- Department of Biomedicine - Pharmacology and Therapeutics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Kim HY, Ahn SH, Yang IJ, Park SY, Kim K. Effect of Hataedock Treatment on Epidermal Structure Maintenance through Intervention in the Endocannabinoid System. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2020; 2020:3605153. [PMID: 32063982 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3605153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of Hataedock (HTD) on skin barrier maintenance through the endocannabinoid system (ECS) intervention in Dermatophagoides farinae-induced atopic dermatitis (AD) NC/Nga mice. Douchi (fermented Glycine max Merr.) extracts prepared for HTD were orally administered to NC/Nga mice at a 20 mg/kg dose. Then, Dermatophagoides farinae extract (DfE) was applied to induce AD-like skin lesions during the 4th-6th and 8th-10th weeks. Changes in the epidermal structure of the mice were observed by histochemistry, immunohistochemistry, and TUNEL assay. The results showed that HTD significantly reduced the clinical scores (p < 0.01) and effectively alleviated the histological features. In the experimental groups, increased expression of cannabinoid receptor type (CB) 1, CB2, and G protein-coupled receptor 55 (GPR55) and distribution of filaggrin, involucrin, loricrin, and longevity assurance homolog 2 (Lass2) indicated that HTD maintained the epidermal barrier through intervening in the ECS. The expression of E-cadherin and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPx4) was increased, and the levels of cluster of differentiation 1a (CD1A) were low. Moreover, the apoptosis of inflammatory cells was elevated. The production of phosphorylated extracellular signal-related kinase (p-ERK), phosphorylated c-Jun amino-terminal kinase (p-JNK), and phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin (p-mTOR) was low, and epidermal thickness was decreased. Besides, the expression levels of involucrin were measured by treating genistein, an active ingredient of Douchi extract, and palmitoylethanolamide (PEA), one of the ECS agonists. The results showed that genistein had a better lipid barrier formation effect than PEA. In conclusion, HTD alleviates the symptoms of AD by maintaining skin homeostasis, improving skin barrier formation, and downregulating inflammation, through ECS intervention.
Collapse
|
47
|
Scheau C, Badarau IA, Mihai LG, Scheau AE, Costache DO, Constantin C, Calina D, Caruntu C, Costache RS, Caruntu A. Cannabinoids in the Pathophysiology of Skin Inflammation. Molecules 2020; 25:E652. [PMID: 32033005 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25030652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cannabinoids are increasingly-used substances in the treatment of chronic pain, some neuropsychiatric disorders and more recently, skin disorders with an inflammatory component. However, various studies cite conflicting results concerning the cellular mechanisms involved, while others suggest that cannabinoids may even exert pro-inflammatory behaviors. This paper aims to detail and clarify the complex workings of cannabinoids in the molecular setting of the main dermatological inflammatory diseases, and their interactions with other substances with emerging applications in the treatment of these conditions. Also, the potential role of cannabinoids as antitumoral drugs is explored in relation to the inflammatory component of skin cancer. In vivo and in vitro studies that employed either phyto-, endo-, or synthetic cannabinoids were considered in this paper. Cannabinoids are regarded with growing interest as eligible drugs in the treatment of skin inflammatory conditions, with potential anticancer effects, and the readiness in monitoring of effects and the facility of topical application may contribute to the growing support of the use of these substances. Despite the promising early results, further controlled human studies are required to establish the definitive role of these products in the pathophysiology of skin inflammation and their usefulness in the clinical setting.
Collapse
|
48
|
Gaffal E, Kemter AM, Scheu S, Leite Dantas R, Vogt J, Baune B, Tüting T, Zimmer A, Alferink J. Cannabinoid Receptor 2 Modulates Maturation of Dendritic Cells and Their Capacity to Induce Hapten-Induced Contact Hypersensitivity. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21020475. [PMID: 31940843 PMCID: PMC7013892 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Contact hypersensitivity (CHS) is an established animal model for allergic contact dermatitis. Dendritic cells (DCs) play an important role in the sensitization phase of CHS by initiating T cell responses to topically applied haptens. The cannabinoid receptors 1 (CB1) and 2 (CB2) modulate DC functions and inflammatory skin responses, but their influence on the capacity of haptenized DCs to induce CHS is still unknown. We found lower CHS responses to 2,4-dinitro-1-fluorobenzene (DNFB) in wild type (WT) mice after adoptive transfer of haptenized Cnr2-/- and Cnr1-/-/Cnr2-/- bone marrow (BM) DCs as compared to transfer of WT DCs. In contrast, induction of CHS was not affected in WT recipients after transfer of Cnr1-/- DCs. In vitro stimulated Cnr2-/- DCs showed lower CCR7 and CXCR4 expression when compared to WT cells, while in vitro migration towards the chemokine ligands was not affected by CB2. Upregulation of MHC class II and co-stimulatory molecules was also reduced in Cnr2-/- DCs. This study demonstrates that CB2 modulates the maturation phenotype of DCs but not their chemotactic capacities in vitro. These findings and the fact that CHS responses mediated by Cnr2-/- DCs are reduced suggest that CB2 is a promising target for the treatment of inflammatory skin conditions.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Differentiation
- Cells, Cultured
- Chemotaxis
- Dendritic Cells/cytology
- Dendritic Cells/immunology
- Dermatitis, Allergic Contact/genetics
- Dermatitis, Allergic Contact/immunology
- Dinitrofluorobenzene/toxicity
- Histocompatibility Antigens/genetics
- Histocompatibility Antigens/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/genetics
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/metabolism
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2/genetics
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2/metabolism
- Receptors, CCR4/genetics
- Receptors, CCR4/metabolism
- Receptors, CCR7/genetics
- Receptors, CCR7/metabolism
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Gaffal
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Magdeburg, 39104 Magdeburg, Germany; (E.G.); (T.T.)
| | - Andrea M. Kemter
- Institute of Molecular Psychiatry, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany; (A.M.K.); (A.Z.)
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Stefanie Scheu
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, University of Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany;
| | - Rafael Leite Dantas
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; (R.L.D.); (J.V.); (B.B.)
| | - Jens Vogt
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; (R.L.D.); (J.V.); (B.B.)
| | - Bernhard Baune
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; (R.L.D.); (J.V.); (B.B.)
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, Australia
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, Australia
| | - Thomas Tüting
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Magdeburg, 39104 Magdeburg, Germany; (E.G.); (T.T.)
| | - Andreas Zimmer
- Institute of Molecular Psychiatry, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany; (A.M.K.); (A.Z.)
| | - Judith Alferink
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; (R.L.D.); (J.V.); (B.B.)
- Cells in Motion Interfaculty Centre, 48149 Muenster, Germany
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Petrosino S, Schiano Moriello A, Verde R, Allarà M, Imperatore R, Ligresti A, Mahmoud AM, Peritore AF, Iannotti FA, Di Marzo V. Palmitoylethanolamide counteracts substance P-induced mast cell activation in vitro by stimulating diacylglycerol lipase activity. J Neuroinflammation 2019; 16:274. [PMID: 31878942 PMCID: PMC6933707 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-019-1671-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) is a pleiotropic endogenous lipid mediator currently used as a "dietary food for special medical purposes" against neuropathic pain and neuro-inflammatory conditions. Several mechanisms underlie PEA actions, among which the "entourage" effect, consisting of PEA potentiation of endocannabinoid signaling at either cannabinoid receptors or transient receptor potential vanilloid type-1 (TRPV1) channels. Here, we report novel molecular mechanisms through which PEA controls mast cell degranulation and substance P (SP)-induced histamine release in rat basophilic leukemia (RBL-2H3) cells, a mast cell model. METHODS RBL-2H3 cells stimulated with SP were treated with PEA in the presence and absence of a cannabinoid type-2 (CB2) receptor antagonist (AM630), or a diacylglycerol lipase (DAGL) enzyme inhibitor (OMDM188) to inhibit the biosynthesis of the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG). The release of histamine was measured by ELISA and β-hexosaminidase release and toluidine blue staining were used as indices of degranulation. 2-AG levels were measured by LC-MS. The mRNA expression of proposed PEA targets (Cnr1, Cnr2, Trpv1, Ppara and Gpr55), and of PEA and endocannabinoid biosynthetic (Napepld, Dagla and Daglb) and catabolic (Faah, Naaa and Mgl) enzymes were also measured. The effects of PEA on the activity of DAGL-α or -β enzymes were assessed in COS-7 cells overexpressing the human recombinant enzyme or in RBL-2H3 cells, respectively. RESULTS SP increased the number of degranulated RBL-2H3 cells and triggered the release of histamine. PEA counteracted these effects in a manner antagonized by AM630. PEA concomitantly increased the levels of 2-AG in SP-stimulated RBL-2H3 cells, and this effect was reversed by OMDM188. PEA significantly stimulated DAGL-α and -β activity and, consequently, 2-AG biosynthesis in cell-free systems. Co-treatment with PEA and 2-AG at per se ineffective concentrations downmodulated SP-induced release of histamine and degranulation, and this effect was reversed by OMDM188. CONCLUSIONS Activation of CB2 underlies the inhibitory effects on SP-induced RBL-2H3 cell degranulation by PEA alone. We demonstrate for the first time that the effects in RBL-2H3 cells of PEA are due to the stimulation of 2-AG biosynthesis by DAGLs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Petrosino
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli (Napoli), Italy.
- Epitech Group SpA, Via Einaudi 13, 35030, Saccolongo (Padova), Italy.
| | - Aniello Schiano Moriello
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli (Napoli), Italy
- Epitech Group SpA, Via Einaudi 13, 35030, Saccolongo (Padova), Italy
| | - Roberta Verde
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli (Napoli), Italy
| | - Marco Allarà
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli (Napoli), Italy
- Epitech Group SpA, Via Einaudi 13, 35030, Saccolongo (Padova), Italy
| | - Roberta Imperatore
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli (Napoli), Italy
| | - Alessia Ligresti
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli (Napoli), Italy
| | - Ali Mokhtar Mahmoud
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli (Napoli), Italy
| | - Alessio Filippo Peritore
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli (Napoli), Italy
| | - Fabio Arturo Iannotti
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli (Napoli), Italy
| | - Vincenzo Di Marzo
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli (Napoli), Italy.
- Canada Excellence Research Chair on the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health, CRIUCPQ and INAF, Faculties of Medicine and Agriculture and Food Sciences, Université Laval, Quebéc City, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Marsella R, Ahrens K, Sanford R, Trujillo A, Massre D, Soeberdt M, Abels C. Double blinded, vehicle controlled, crossover study on the efficacy of a topical endocannabinoid membrane transporter inhibitor in atopic Beagles. Arch Dermatol Res 2019; 311:795-800. [PMID: 31446453 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-019-01963-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system is important for skin homeostasis and alterations are linked to inflammatory diseases like atopic dermatitis (AD). Importantly, activation of cannabinoid receptor CB2 decreases pruritus and inflammation in mouse models. Reduction of inactivation of endogenous cannabinoids could, therefore, be a therapeutic option for AD. Dogs spontaneously develop AD, which closely mimics the human disease making them suitable to test new therapies. Our study aimed to test the effects of a topical endocannabinoid membrane transporter inhibitor (WOL067-531, 1% gel) on pruritus and dermatitis in a canine model of AD. Nineteen Beagles allergic to dust mites (DM) were randomized to receive either active ingredient or vehicle on inguinal area while challenged epicutaneously with DM twice weekly for 28 days. Treatment was administered twice daily and started after three challenges (day 8). Dermatitis and pruritus were scored weekly by personnel blinded to treatment allocation. Dermatitis was scored using a validated scoring system and pruritus was scored using camera recordings. After a 4-week washout, dogs were crossed over and the study was repeated. On days 15 and 22, dermatitis scores were significantly increased after DM challenge in the vehicle group (16.34, p = 0.0089 and 7.42, p = 0.04845, respectively) but not in the active ingredient group (p = 0.3177 and p = 0.3190, respectively). Significant decrease on pruritus both on inguinal area and overall (p = 0.048 and p = 0.032, respectively) occurred in the active ingredient group. No adverse effects were noted. In conclusion, the newly developed topical endocannabinoid membrane transporter inhibitor (WOL067-531) minimized allergic flares and pruritus in a canine model of AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna Marsella
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, 2015 SW 16th Avenue, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
| | - K Ahrens
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, 2015 SW 16th Avenue, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - R Sanford
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, 2015 SW 16th Avenue, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - A Trujillo
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, 2015 SW 16th Avenue, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - D Massre
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, 2015 SW 16th Avenue, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - M Soeberdt
- Dr. August Wolff GmbH & Co. KG Arzneimittel, Sudbrackstrasse 56, 33605, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - C Abels
- Dr. August Wolff GmbH & Co. KG Arzneimittel, Sudbrackstrasse 56, 33605, Bielefeld, Germany
| |
Collapse
|