1
|
Morales AH, Pisa JH, Gómez MI, Romero CM, Vittone M, Massa AE, Lamas DL. Comparative oil extraction from mutt (Myliobatis goodei) liver by enzymatic hydrolysis: free versus immobilized biocatalyst. J Sci Food Agric 2024; 104:2493-2501. [PMID: 37986264 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development and fine-tuning of biotechnological processes for fish oil extraction constitute a very important focus to contribute to the development of a food industry based on fish consumption. This work lies in a comparative analysis of the oil extraction yield of Myliobatis goodei livers using free and immobilized enzymes. RESULTS An immobilized biocatalyst was designed from the cell-free extract of a Bacillus sp. Mcn4. A complete factorial design was used to study the components of the bacterial culture medium and select the condition with the highest titers of extracellular enzymatic activities. Wheat bran had a significant effect on the culture medium composition for enzymatic production. The immobilized biocatalyst was designed by covalent binding of the proteins present in the cocktail retaining a percentage of different types of enzymatic activities (Mult.Enz@MgFe2 O4 ). Among the biocatalyst used, Alcalase® 2.4 L and Purazyme® AS 60 L (free commercial proteases) showed extraction yields of 87.39% and 84.25%, respectively, while Mult.Enz@MgFe2 O4 achieved a better one of 89.97%. The oils obtained did not show significant differences in their physical-chemical properties while regarding the fatty acid content, the oil extracted with Purazyme® AS 60 L showed a comparatively lower proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the use of by-products of M. goodei is a valid alternative and encourages the use of immobilized multienzyme biocatalysts for the treatment of complex substrates in the fishing industry. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrés H Morales
- Laboratorio de Biocatálisis y Biomateriales, Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos, PROIMI-CONICET, San Miguel de Tucumán, 4000, Argentina
| | - José H Pisa
- Laboratorio de Biocatálisis y Biomateriales, Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos, PROIMI-CONICET, San Miguel de Tucumán, 4000, Argentina
| | - María I Gómez
- Instituto de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, UNT, San Miguel de Tucumán, 4000, Argentina
| | - Cintia M Romero
- Laboratorio de Biocatálisis y Biomateriales, Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos, PROIMI-CONICET, San Miguel de Tucumán, 4000, Argentina
- Instituto de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, UNT, San Miguel de Tucumán, 4000, Argentina
| | - Marina Vittone
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo Pesquero, INIDEP, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Agueda E Massa
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo Pesquero, INIDEP, Mar del Plata, Argentina
- Instituo de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras, IIMYC, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP-CONICET), Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Daniela L Lamas
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo Pesquero, INIDEP, Mar del Plata, Argentina
- Instituo de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras, IIMYC, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP-CONICET), Mar del Plata, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tsamesidis I, Tzika P, Georgiou D, Charisis A, Hans S, Lordan R, Zabetakis I, Kalogianni EP. Oil from Mullet Roe Byproducts: Effect of Oil Extraction Method on Human Erythrocytes and Platelets. Foods 2023; 13:79. [PMID: 38201107 PMCID: PMC10778715 DOI: 10.3390/foods13010079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: The valorization of byproducts to obtain high nutritional value foods is of utmost importance for our planet where the population is booming. Among these products are oils rich in ω-3 fatty acids produced from fishery byproducts. Recently, mullet roe oil from roe byproducts was produced that was rich in the ω-3 fatty acids eicosatetraenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Oils are customarily characterized for their composition and degree of oxidation but little is known of their biological effects, especially the effect of the extraction method. Methods: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of freshly extracted mullet roe oil from mullet roe byproducts and the effect of the extraction method on human red blood cells (hRBCs) and platelets. To this end, the hemocompatibility (cytotoxicity), oxidative effects, and erythrocyte membrane changes were examined after 1 and 24 h of incubation. Antiplatelet effects were also assessed in vitro. Results: The expeller press oil extraction method and alcalase-assisted extraction produced the most biocompatible oils, as shown by hemocompatibility measurements and the absence of erythrocyte membrane alterations. Solvent extracts and protease-assisted extraction oils resulted in the rupture of red blood cells at different examined dilutions, creating hemolysis. Conclusions: It seems that the proper functioning of oil-erythrocyte interactions cannot be explained solely by ROS. Further investigations combining chemical analysis with oil-cell interactions could be used as an input to design high nutritional value oils using green extraction technologies. All samples exhibited promising antiplatelet and antiblood clotting effects in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Tsamesidis
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Sindos Campus, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece; (I.T.); (P.T.); (D.G.); (A.C.)
| | - Paraskevi Tzika
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Sindos Campus, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece; (I.T.); (P.T.); (D.G.); (A.C.)
| | - Despoina Georgiou
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Sindos Campus, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece; (I.T.); (P.T.); (D.G.); (A.C.)
| | - Aggelos Charisis
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Sindos Campus, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece; (I.T.); (P.T.); (D.G.); (A.C.)
| | - Sakshi Hans
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland; (S.H.); (R.L.); (I.Z.)
| | - Ronan Lordan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland; (S.H.); (R.L.); (I.Z.)
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ioannis Zabetakis
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland; (S.H.); (R.L.); (I.Z.)
- Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland
- Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland
| | - Eleni P. Kalogianni
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Sindos Campus, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece; (I.T.); (P.T.); (D.G.); (A.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zosimidou SS, Vouvoudi EC, Tsagkalias IS, Lykidou SS, Nikolaidis NF. Preparation of Cosmetic Emulsions Containing Hippophae Oil Isolated by Various Methods: Study of Their Antioxidant, Sun-Blocking and Physicochemical Properties. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1829. [PMID: 37891908 PMCID: PMC10603872 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12101829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
An industry listed as one of the largest globally is the cosmetic industry. In recent years, this industry has shown growing interest in the application of natural ingredients providing advanced properties to cosmetic creams such as moisturizing, antioxidant, sun-protecting and antimicrobial effects. In this context, the present study concerns the production of cosmetic emulsions containing hippophae oil obtained via the methods of extraction, hydro-distillation and maceration using sunflower oil as the carrier oil. Firstly, an IR-ATR analysis was performed showing that the oils prepared were close to those commercially obtained. Then, the stability of the emulsions was tested over a time period of four months through measuring their pH and viscosity values with positive outcomes, and their antioxidant ability was also measured using the DPPH method. The latter one showed that hippophae oil greatly improves the antioxidant capacity. Moreover, based on the fact that sea buckthorn contains carotenoids, the SPF value of the emulsions was determined. The results showed that the addition of hippophae oil to the emulsions gave higher absorption in UV-Vis, thus higher SPF values. Py-GC/MS analysis was used to identify decomposition compounds in the produced oils. Among those, valuable compounds such as Ω-6, Ω-7 and Ω-9 fatty acids and many aldehydes were found by the decomposition of the oils.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Evangelia C. Vouvoudi
- Laboratory of Polymers and Dyes Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | | | - Nikolaos F. Nikolaidis
- Laboratory of Polymers and Dyes Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Cravotto C, Claux O, Bartier M, Fabiano-Tixier AS, Tabasso S. Leading Edge Technologies and Perspectives in Industrial Oilseed Extraction. Molecules 2023; 28:5973. [PMID: 37630225 PMCID: PMC10459726 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28165973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
With the increase in the world's population and per capita wealth, oil producers must not only increase edible oil production but also meet the demand for a higher quality and variety of products. Recently, the focus has shifted from single processing steps to the entire vegetable oil production process, with an emphasis on introducing innovative technologies to improve quality and production efficiency. In this review, conventional methods of oilseed storage, processing and extraction are presented, as well as innovative processing and extraction techniques. Furthermore, the parameters most affecting the products' yields and quality at the industrial level are critically described. The extensive use of hexane for the extraction of most vegetable oils is undoubtedly the main concern of the whole production process in terms of health, safety and environmental issues. Therefore, special attention is paid to environmentally friendly solvents such as ethanol, supercritical CO2, 2-methyloxolane, water enzymatic extraction, etc. The state of the art in the use of green solvents is described and an objective assessment of their potential for more sustainable industrial processes is proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Cravotto
- GREEN Extraction Team, INRAE, UMR 408, Avignon Université, F-84000 Avignon, France;
| | - Ombéline Claux
- Pennakem Europa (EcoXtract®), 224 Avenue de la Dordogne, F-59944 Dunkerque, France; (O.C.); (M.B.)
| | - Mickaël Bartier
- Pennakem Europa (EcoXtract®), 224 Avenue de la Dordogne, F-59944 Dunkerque, France; (O.C.); (M.B.)
| | | | - Silvia Tabasso
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy;
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Duangsi R, Krongyut W. Stabilization of Rice Bran by Infrared Radiation Heating for Increased Resilience and Quality of Rice Bran Oil Production. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2023; 28:189-199. [PMID: 37416791 PMCID: PMC10321441 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2023.28.2.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Rice bran, a by-product of rice milling, is a valuable source of rice bran oil (RBO). However, it is prone to rancidity and must be processed quickly after rice polishing. The researchers found that rice bran stabilization with infrared radiation (IR) at 125 V and 135 V for 5∼10 min. The most promising IR treatments were 125 V for 10 min and 135 V for 5 min, which resulted in the lowest lipase activity (93∼96% inhibition) and levels of γ-oryzanol and α-tocopherol comparable to those of the untreated control. However, the color of rice bran and RBO based on L*, a*, b*, and total color difference (ΔE) and Gardner-20 mm index darkened. Upon storage of rice bran at 38°C for 8 weeks, the use of these two IR treatments completely inhibited the rise in free fatty acid (FFA) content and peroxide values throughout the storage period. In contrast, the control had a pre-storage FFA more than double that of IR-stabilized rice bran, which further increased during storage and, in the 8th week, was more than 6-fold higher than the pre-storage level. γ-oryzanol and α-tocopherol slightly decreased with storage and their levels did not differ between stabilized and unstabilized rice bran. RBO color darkening was again observed, but the color lightened with storage, especially upon treatment at 135 V for 5 min. In contrast, the color of control RBO darkened with storage. Thus, IR at 135 V for 5 min was the most promising method for rice bran stabilization, based on which commercial IR treatment instruments can be developed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachen Duangsi
- Program in Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ubon Ratchathani Rajabhat University, Ubon Ratchathani 34000, Thailand
| | - Wiraya Krongyut
- Program in Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Ubon Ratchathani Rajabhat University, Ubon Ratchathani 34000, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sun H, Marelli B. Large-Scale, Proteinaceous Nanotube Arrays with Programmable Hydrophobicity, Oleophilicity, and Gas Permeability. Nano Lett 2023; 23:3451-3458. [PMID: 37000712 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c00498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Nanotubular structures possess remarkable advantages in a broad range of areas, such as catalysis, sensing, microencapsulation, selective mass transport, filtration, and drug delivery. While the fields of carbon nanotubes and nanotubes made of several noncarbon materials (e.g., metals, oxides, semiconductors) have been progressing rapidly, proteinaceous nanotubes remained largely underexplored. Here, by retrofitting a template wetting approach with multiple silk-based suspensions, we present a rapidly scalable and robust technology for fabricating large arrays (e.g., 20 × 20 cm2) of well-aligned 1D nanostructures made of silk proteins. Benefiting from the polymorphic nature of silk, precise control over the size, density, aspect ratio, and morphology (tubes versus pillars) of silk nanostructures is achieved, which then allows for programmable modulation of the end materials' functions and properties (e.g., hydrophobicity, oleophilicity, and gas permeability). The silk nanotube arrays fabricated present great utility as antifouling coatings against marine algae and in oil extraction from oil-water mixtures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Sun
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Benedetto Marelli
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhang T, Zhang Z, Wang X. Composition and Antioxidant Ability of Extract from Different Flaxseed Cakes and Its Application in Flaxseed Oil. J Oleo Sci 2023; 72:59-67. [PMID: 36504188 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess22181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In this research, extracts from five flaxseed cakes (hot-pressed cake (HPC), cold-pressed cake (CPC), n-hexane extracted cake (HEC), supercritical CO2 extracted cake (SCEC) and subcritical n-butane extracted cake (SBEC)) were analyzed for the contents of total phenolic, total flavonoid and antioxidant ability. At the same time, the antioxidant capacity of HPC extract and synthetic butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) in the oxidative evolution of flaxseed oil was compared by accelerated storage experiment (8 days at 65°C). The results showed that compared with other flaxseed cake extract, the extract of HPC contained the highest content of total phenolic (78.01 mg GAE/g extract) and total flavonoid (2.73 mg RE/g extract), and showed the strongest antioxidant ability on DPPH, ABTS FRAP and total reducing power assay. We also found that different concentrations (800, 1000, 2000 ppm) of flaxseed cake extract could significantly slow down the oxidation of flaxseed oil during storage at 65°C, and the antioxidant effect strengthened with the increase of extract dosage. The antioxidant effect of the 2000 ppm extract was higher than that of 200 ppm BHA. The results indicated that flaxseed cake extract could effectively inhibit the oxidation of flaxseed oil and was a good substitute for synthetic antioxidants in oil industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianfeng Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology
| | - Zhenshan Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology
| | - Xuede Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abbas A, Anwar F, Alqahtani SM, Ahmad N, Al-Mijalli SH, Shahid M, Iqbal M. Hydro-Distilled and Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Essential Oil: Characterization of Bioactives Along With Antioxidant, Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Activities. Dose Response 2022; 20:15593258221125477. [PMID: 36106059 PMCID: PMC9465602 DOI: 10.1177/15593258221125477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Present research work evaluates variation in volatile chemicals profile and
biological activities of essential oil (EO) obtained from the leaves of
eucalyptus (Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh.) using
hydro-distillation (HD) and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE). The yield
(1.32%) of volatile oil by HD was higher than the yield (.52%) of the SFE method
(P < .05). The results of physical factors like density,
color, refractive index, and solubility of the EOs produced by both the methods
showed insignificant variations. Gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (GC-MS)
compositional analysis showed that eucalyptol (31.10% and 30.43%) and
α-pinene (11.02% and 10.35%) were the main constituents
detected in SFE and HD extracted Eucalyptus camaldulensis EO,
respectively. Antioxidant activity-related parameters, such as reducing ability
and DPPH free radical scavenging capability exhibited by EO obtained via SFE
were noted to be better than hydro-distilled EO. Supercritical fluid extracted
and hydro-distilled essential oils demonstrated a considerable but variable
antimicrobial potential against selected bacterial and fungal strains.
Interestingly, oil extracted by SFE showed relatively higher hemolytic activity
and biofilm inhibition potential. The variation in biological activities of
tested EOs can be linked to the difference in the volatile bioactives
composition due to different isolation techniques. In conclusion, the EO
obtained from Eucalyptus leaves by the SFE method can be
explored as a potential antioxidant and antimicrobial agent in the functional
food and nutra-pharmaceutical sector.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Abbas
- Department of Chemistry, Govt. Postgraduate Taleem-ul-Islam College, Chiniot, Pakistan.,Institute of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Farooq Anwar
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Safar M Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naveed Ahmad
- Division of Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry, University of Education, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Samiah H Al-Mijalli
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Shahid
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Munawar Iqbal
- Division of Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry, University of Education, Lahore, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wang H, Shuai X, Ye S, Zhang R, Wu M, Jiang S, Li Y, Wu D, He J. Recent advances in the development of bitter gourd seed oil: from chemical composition to potential applications. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:10678-10690. [PMID: 35648048 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2081961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Non-conventional seed oils are being considered novelty foods due to the unique properties of their chemical constituents. Numerous such seed oils serve as nutritional and functional supplements, making them a point of interest for scholars. Bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) seed oil (BGSO) has been widely used in folk medicine worldwide for the treatment of different pathologies, such as diabetes, cancer, and several inflammatory diseases. Therefore, its nutritional and medicinal value has been extensively studied. Considering the potential use of BGSO, it is imperative to have a comprehensive understanding of this product to develop and use its biologically active ingredients in innovative food and pharmaceutical products. An extensive understanding of BGSO would also help improve the economic feasibility of the bitter gourd seed processing industry and help prevent environmental pollution associated with the raw waste produced during the processing of bitter gourd seeds. This review addresses the potential uses of BGSO in terms of food and pharmaceuticals industry perspectives and comprehensively summarizes the oil extraction process, chemical composition, biological activity, and the application prospects of BGSO in clinical medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huiling Wang
- Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil, Ministry of Education, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, P.R. China
- National R&D Center for Se-rich Agricultural Products Processing, School of Modern Industry for Selenium Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Shuai
- Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil, Ministry of Education, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, P.R. China
- National R&D Center for Se-rich Agricultural Products Processing, School of Modern Industry for Selenium Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Shuxin Ye
- China YunHong Holdings Co, Ltd, Wuxue, P.R. China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil, Ministry of Education, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, P.R. China
- National R&D Center for Se-rich Agricultural Products Processing, School of Modern Industry for Selenium Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Muci Wu
- Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil, Ministry of Education, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, P.R. China
- National R&D Center for Se-rich Agricultural Products Processing, School of Modern Industry for Selenium Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Sijia Jiang
- China YunHong Holdings Co, Ltd, Wuxue, P.R. China
| | - Yubao Li
- China YunHong Holdings Co, Ltd, Wuxue, P.R. China
| | - Dong Wu
- China YunHong Holdings Co, Ltd, Wuxue, P.R. China
| | - Jingren He
- Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil, Ministry of Education, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, P.R. China
- National R&D Center for Se-rich Agricultural Products Processing, School of Modern Industry for Selenium Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Muñoz AM, Casimiro-Gonzales S, Gómez-Coca RB, Moreda W, Best I, Cajo-Pinche MI, Loja JF, Ibañez E, Cifuentes A, Ramos-Escudero F. Comparison of Four Oil Extraction Methods for Sinami Fruit (Oenocarpus mapora H. Karst): Evaluating Quality, Polyphenol Content and Antioxidant Activity. Foods 2022; 11:foods11101518. [PMID: 35627087 PMCID: PMC9141738 DOI: 10.3390/foods11101518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The sinami palm (Oenocarpus mapora H. Karst) is a plant from the South American Amazonia that has great potential for industrial applications in the development of functional foods, nutraceuticals and cosmeceuticals. In this manuscript, the physicochemical properties, total polyphenol content and antioxidant activity of sinami oil that was obtained using four extraction systems, namely expeller press extraction (EPE), cold press extraction (CPE), ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), were studied and compared. The oxidative stability (OSI) was statistically non-significant in EPE and SFE. The chromatic properties (CIELab) were influenced by the extraction methods and SFE presented high values of L* and a lower content of plant pigments. Ultrasound-assisted extraction showed a higher content of polyphenols and higher antioxidant activity. Different analyses for the evaluation of the physicochemical properties, the content of total polyphenols and antioxidant activity were used to classify sinami oil according to chemometrics using principal component analysis (PCA). For example, the sinami oil that was obtained using each extraction method was in a different part of the plot. In summary, sinami oil is an excellent resource for plant pigments. Additionally, the information that was obtained on the quality parameters in this study provided a good foundation for further studies on the characterization of major and minor compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana María Muñoz
- Instituto de Ciencias de Los Alimentos y Nutrición, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola (ICAN-USIL), Campus Pachacamac, Sección B, Parcela 1, Fundo La Carolina, Pachacamac, Lima 15823, Peru; (A.M.M.); (S.C.-G.); (I.B.)
- Unidad de Investigación en Nutrición, Salud, Alimentos Funcionales y Nutraceúticos, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola (UNUSAN-USIL), Av. La Fontana 750, Lima 15024, Peru
| | - Sandra Casimiro-Gonzales
- Instituto de Ciencias de Los Alimentos y Nutrición, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola (ICAN-USIL), Campus Pachacamac, Sección B, Parcela 1, Fundo La Carolina, Pachacamac, Lima 15823, Peru; (A.M.M.); (S.C.-G.); (I.B.)
| | - Raquel B. Gómez-Coca
- Instituto de la Grasa, CSIC, Campus Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Building 46, Ctra. de Utrera km 1, 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (R.B.G.-C.); (W.M.)
| | - Wenceslao Moreda
- Instituto de la Grasa, CSIC, Campus Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Building 46, Ctra. de Utrera km 1, 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (R.B.G.-C.); (W.M.)
| | - Ivan Best
- Instituto de Ciencias de Los Alimentos y Nutrición, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola (ICAN-USIL), Campus Pachacamac, Sección B, Parcela 1, Fundo La Carolina, Pachacamac, Lima 15823, Peru; (A.M.M.); (S.C.-G.); (I.B.)
- Unidad de Investigación en Nutrición, Salud, Alimentos Funcionales y Nutraceúticos, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola (UNUSAN-USIL), Av. La Fontana 750, Lima 15024, Peru
| | - María Isabel Cajo-Pinche
- Carrera Profesional de Ingeniería Agroindustrial, Universidad Nacional Amazónica de Madre de Dios (UNAMAD), Jr. Jorge Chávez 1160, Puerto Maldonado 17001, Peru;
| | - Juan Francisco Loja
- Asociación para la Conservación de la Cuenca Amazónica (ACCA), Madre de Dios 17001, Peru;
| | - Elena Ibañez
- Foodomics Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL, CSIC-UAM), Nicolás Cabrera 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (E.I.); (A.C.)
| | - Alejandro Cifuentes
- Foodomics Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL, CSIC-UAM), Nicolás Cabrera 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (E.I.); (A.C.)
| | - Fernando Ramos-Escudero
- Unidad de Investigación en Nutrición, Salud, Alimentos Funcionales y Nutraceúticos, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola (UNUSAN-USIL), Av. La Fontana 750, Lima 15024, Peru
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Av. La Fontana 750, Lima 15024, Peru
- Correspondence: or
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ghiasi P, Sohrabi O, Rahmati E, Najafi G, Mohamed M, Ghasemnezhad A. Modeling for extraction of oil from walnut and sesame using batch flow cold press oil extraction system. Food Sci Nutr 2022; 10:1211-1221. [PMID: 35432957 PMCID: PMC9007284 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a batch flow oil extraction system was used for extraction of oil from walnut (Juglans regia L.) and Sesamum (Indicum sesame). Sample mass (g), applied pressure (MPa), and processing temperature of oil (°C) were selected as independent variables and oil extraction mass percentage and oil analysis as dependent variables. Response surface methodology was employed for conducting statistical analysis, modeling, and data optimization. The results revealed that the highest percentage of oil extraction for walnut was obtained at a pressure of 10.5 MPa, a temperature of 31.5°C, and a sample weight of 8 g, with a value of 25.36%. Also, the highest percentage of oil extraction for Sesamum was obtained at the pressure of 13.88 MPa, the temperature of 31.5°C, and a sample value of 20 g with a value of 22.4%. Optimal level of independent variables for walnut and sesame were 8.03 g, 10.41 MPa, and 27.37°C; 20 g, 13.88 MPa, and 27°C, respectively. In this optimum condition, the amount of sesame and walnut peroxide was 10 ± 0.03 and 1.9 ± 0.07 (meq O2/kg), respectively. Likewise, the amount of acid for sesame and walnut was 1.53 ± 0.05 and 0.06 ± 0.02 g/%, separately. Linoleic acid (42.7–51.15), oleic acid (38.6–24.03), palmitic acid (10.87–8.21), and stearic acid (5.5–3.39) were the most common fatty acid components in sesame and walnuts, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pedram Ghiasi
- Department of Biosystems Engineering Tarbiat Modares University (TMU) Tehran Iran
| | - Omid Sohrabi
- Department of Horticultural Science University of Guilan Guilan Iran
| | - Edris Rahmati
- Department of Biosystems Engineering Tarbiat Modares University (TMU) Tehran Iran
| | - Gholamhassan Najafi
- Department of Biosystems Engineering Tarbiat Modares University (TMU) Tehran Iran
| | - Mazlan Mohamed
- Advanced Material Research Cluster Faculty of Bioengineering and Technology University of Malaysia Kelantan Jeli Kelantan Malaysia
| | - Azim Ghasemnezhad
- Department of Horticulture Faculty of Plant Production Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources Gorgan Iran
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abbas M, Shaheen S, Pervaiz M, Jaffer M, Tahir A. Microalgae role in sustainable bioenergy generation as determined by light microscopy. Microsc Res Tech 2022; 85:1808-1813. [PMID: 34978356 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The main aim of this study was to explore the role of light microscopy in the identification of microalgae as a source of study. Three microalgal species (Nostoc, Anabaena, and Volvox) were identified by light. In this study, different parameters of the oil extraction process from algae biomass were studied. The samples of Nostoc, Anabaena, and Volvox were collected from the freshwater bodies in Lahore, and the samples were identified by light microscopy. Pretreatment of algae was done which includes harvesting, drying, and grinding. The sun drying of sample was done. Solvent extraction was done for the extraction of oil from algal cells. Solvent n-hexane and diethyl ether were used alone as well as in combination. Effects of n-hexane to oil ratio, size of algal biomass, and contact time on the percentage yield of extracted oil were studied and analyzed. It was concluded that maximum amount of oil was extracted from algae by using a greater ratio of solvent to algal biomass, maximum contact time, and smaller algal biomass size. The extracted oil yield was satisfactory, demonstrating the potential of microalgae for biodiesel production. It was discovered that if algal oil is subjected to transesterification, it can be turned into biodiesel, and light microscopy can be used to assess anatomical characteristics. However, more research will be required for transesterification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moneeza Abbas
- Department of Environment Science, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Shabnum Shaheen
- Department of Botany, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mahnoor Pervaiz
- Department of Environment Science, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mehwish Jaffer
- Department of Botany, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Arfa Tahir
- Department of Environment Science, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Prosenc F, Leban P, Šunta U, Bavcon Kralj M. Extraction and Identification of a Wide Range of Microplastic Polymers in Soil and Compost. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13234069. [PMID: 34883573 PMCID: PMC8658807 DOI: 10.3390/polym13234069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Microplastic pollution is globally widespread; however, the presence of microplastics in soil systems is poorly understood, due to the complexity of soils and a lack of standardised extraction methods. Two commonly used extraction methods were optimised and compared for the extraction of low-density (polyethylene (PE)) and high-density microplastics (polyethylene (PET)), olive-oil-based extraction, and density separation with zinc chloride (ZnCl2). Comparable recoveries in a low-organic-matter matrix (soil; most >98%) were observed, but in a high-organic-matter matrix (compost), density separation yielded higher recoveries (98 ± 4% vs. 80 ± 11%). Density separation was further tested for the extraction of five microplastic polymers spiked at different concentrations. Recoveries were >93% for both soil and compost, with no differences between matrices and individual polymers. Reduction in levels of organic matter in compost was tested before and after extraction, as well as combined. Double oxidation (Fenton’s reagent and 1 M NaOH) exhibited the highest reduction in organic matter. Extracted microplastic polymers were further identified via headspace solid-phase microextraction–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (HS-SPME–GC–MS). This method has shown the potential for descriptive quantification of microplastic polymers. A linear relationship between the number of particles and the signal response was demonstrated for PET, polystyrene (PS), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and PE (R2 > 0.98 in alluvial soil, and R2 > 0.80 in compost). The extraction and identification methods were demonstrated on an environmental sample of municipal biowaste compost, with the recovery of 36 ± 9 microplastic particles per 10 g of compost, and the detection of PS and PP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Franja Prosenc
- Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
- Correspondence:
| | - Pia Leban
- Department for Sanitary Engineering, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (P.L.); (M.B.K.)
| | - Urška Šunta
- Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Mojca Bavcon Kralj
- Department for Sanitary Engineering, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (P.L.); (M.B.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ranjha MMAN, Kanwal R, Shafique B, Arshad RN, Irfan S, Kieliszek M, Kowalczewski PŁ, Irfan M, Khalid MZ, Roobab U, Aadil RM. A Critical Review on Pulsed Electric Field: A Novel Technology for the Extraction of Phytoconstituents. Molecules 2021; 26:4893. [PMID: 34443475 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26164893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Different parts of a plant (seeds, fruits, flower, leaves, stem, and roots) contain numerous biologically active compounds called “phytoconstituents” that consist of phenolics, minerals, amino acids, and vitamins. The conventional techniques applied to extract these phytoconstituents have several drawbacks including poor performance, low yields, more solvent use, long processing time, and thermally degrading by-products. In contrast, modern and advanced extraction nonthermal technologies such as pulsed electric field (PEF) assist in easier and efficient identification, characterization, and analysis of bioactive ingredients. Other advantages of PEF include cost-efficacy, less time, and solvent consumption with improved yields. This review covers the applications of PEF to obtain bioactive components, essential oils, proteins, pectin, and other important materials from various parts of the plant. Numerous studies compiled in the current evaluation concluded PEF as the best solution to extract phytoconstituents used in the food and pharmaceutical industries. PEF-assisted extraction leads to a higher yield, utilizes less solvents and energy, and it saves a lot of time compared to traditional extraction methods. PEF extraction design should be safe and efficient enough to prevent the degradation of phytoconstituents and oils.
Collapse
|
15
|
Panhwar T, Mahesar SA, Sherazi STH, Laghari AA, Atabani AE. Synthesis and Evaluation of Oxidation Stability of Biodiesel Prepared from Spent Bleaching Clay Residual Oil. J Oleo Sci 2021; 69:1619-1626. [PMID: 33268664 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess20122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Energy plays a key role in each sector of life ranging from basic needs to better standards of life. The world is concerned about 3 ps (population, poverty, and pollution). The increase of these three factors has led the search of the best alternative sources of energies to fulfill all needs of a modern way of life. Biodiesel is a sustainable energy source that has proved to be the best alternate of mineral diesel that possesses similar properties as found in mineral diesel. The recent trend in biodiesel research is towards the use of very cheap feedstock to make this substitute more economical. Following this similar trend, the attempt is made to produce biodiesel from less expensive feedstock namely; residual oil of spent bleaching clay (SBC). In the first step, the quantity of the residual oil that can be recovered followed by assessing its quality was investigated. Afterward, a two-step method of the transesterification process was employed to enhance the yield of methyl ester. The highest yield of 85% was obtained. Key fuel properties were measured and found in good agreement with ASTMD 6751 standards limits. The study also concerned with the practical availability of biodiesel in terms of its stability. For this purpose, produced biodiesel was evaluated for its oxidation stability during 90 days of storage by FT-IR and rancimat methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tarique Panhwar
- National Center of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh
| | | | | | - Aijaz Ali Laghari
- National Center of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh
| | - Abdulaziz E Atabani
- Alternative Fuels Research Laboratory (AFRL) Energy Division, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Erciyes University
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Rupasinghe HPV, Davis A, Kumar SK, Murray B, Zheljazkov VD. Industrial Hemp ( Cannabis sativa subsp. sativa) as an Emerging Source for Value-Added Functional Food Ingredients and Nutraceuticals. Molecules 2020; 25:E4078. [PMID: 32906622 PMCID: PMC7571072 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25184078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L., Cannabaceae) is an ancient cultivated plant originating from Central Asia and historically has been a multi-use crop valued for its fiber, food, and medicinal uses. Various oriental and Asian cultures kept records of its production and numerous uses. Due to the similarities between industrial hemp (fiber and grain) and the narcotic/medical type of Cannabis, the production of industrial hemp was prohibited in most countries, wiping out centuries of learning and genetic resources. In the past two decades, most countries have legalized industrial hemp production, prompting a significant amount of research on the health benefits of hemp and hemp products. Current research is yet to verify the various health claims of the numerous commercially available hemp products. Hence, this review aims to compile recent advances in the science of industrial hemp, with respect to its use as value-added functional food ingredients/nutraceuticals and health benefits, while also highlighting gaps in our current knowledge and avenues of future research on this high-value multi-use plant for the global food chain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H. P. Vasantha Rupasinghe
- Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada; (A.D.); (B.M.)
| | - Amy Davis
- Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada; (A.D.); (B.M.)
| | - Shanthanu K. Kumar
- Section of Horticulture, School of Integrative Plant Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA;
| | - Beth Murray
- Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada; (A.D.); (B.M.)
| | - Valtcho D. Zheljazkov
- Department of Crop and Soil Science, 431A Crop Science Building, 3050 SW Campus Way, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Rodriguez DA, Lee SA, Stein HH. Digestibility of amino acids and concentrations of metabolizable energy and net energy are greater in high-shear dry soybean expellers than in soybean meal when fed to growing pigs. J Anim Sci 2020; 98:skaa215. [PMID: 32658295 PMCID: PMC7392529 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skaa215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Soybean expellers may be produced by dry extrusion and mechanical oil pressing of soybeans, but there is limited information about the nutritional value of expellers produced via this procedure. Therefore, 2 experiments were conducted to test the hypothesis that standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of CP and amino acids (AA), apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of energy and total dietary fiber (TDF), and concentrations of DE, ME, and NE are greater in soybean expellers than in soybean meal (SBM) when fed to growing pigs. Pigs were the offspring of Line 359 boars mated to Camborough females (Pig Improvement Company, Hendersonville, TN). In experiment 1, nine growing barrows (initial BW: 55.98 kg ± 13.75 kg) with T-cannulas installed in the distal ileum were allotted to 1 of 3 diets using a triplicated 3 × 3 Latin square design with 3 periods. Two diets were formulated to contain 35% soybean expellers or 33% SBM as the sole source of AA. A N-free diet was used to determine basal endogenous losses of AA. Ileal digesta were collected on days 6 and 7 of each 7-d period. Results indicated that the SID of most indispensable and dispensable AA were greater (P < 0.05) or tended (P < 0.10) to be greater in soybean expellers than in SBM. In experiment 2, a corn-based diet and 2 diets based on corn and each of the 2 soybean products were formulated. Twenty-four growing barrows (initial BW: 44.88 kg ± 2.17 kg) were allotted to 1 of the 3 diets with 8 pigs per diet. Urine and fecal samples were collected for 4 d after 5 d of adaptation. Results indicated that the ATTD of energy and TDF was not different between soybean expellers and SBM, but the ATTD of TDF in the 2 soybean products was greater (P < 0.05) than in corn. Concentrations of DE and ME in soybean expellers were greater (P < 0.05) compared with corn or SBM. Soybean expellers had greater (P < 0.05) calculated NE compared with SBM, but there was no difference in NE between corn and soybean expellers. In conclusion, values for SID of most AA and DE, ME, and NE in soybean expellers were greater than in SBM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Su A Lee
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL
| | - Hans H Stein
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Mohseni NM, Mirzaei H, Moghimi M. Optimized extraction and quality evaluation of Niger seed oil via microwave-pulsed electric field pretreatments. Food Sci Nutr 2020; 8:1383-1393. [PMID: 32180948 PMCID: PMC7063364 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, oil extraction from Niger seeds was evaluated with different microwave irradiation times (0-200 s) and pulsed electric fields (PEF) intensities (0-5 kV/cm) as pretreatments. Then, oil extraction was completed with a screw press at different rotation speeds (11-57 rpm). Quality parameters including extraction efficiency, acidity and peroxide values (PVs), chlorophyll, and phenolic contents along with fatty acid profiles and tocopherol levels of the extracted oils were determined as responses. With enhancements in microwave time, PEF intensity and press rotation, the chlorophyll contents, acidity/PVs, and total phenolics of oils increased similar to oil extraction efficiency although it was reduced later. The optimized conditions selected by response surface methodology were determined as 156.23 s, 1.18 kV/cm, and 20 rpm for microwave time, PEF intensity and press speed, respectively. Fatty acid analysis revealed that linoleic acid was the most predominant fatty acid in the extracted oil. Application of the mentioned pretreatments may lead to a reduction in unsaturated fatty acids and escalation of saturated ones (p < .05). High-performance liquid chromatography results indicated that α-tocopherols are the most common tocopherols in Niger seed oil and microwave-PEF pretreatments may lead to 2.79% increase in tocopherols content.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Habibollah Mirzaei
- Department of Food Materials and Process Design EngineeringUniversity of Agricultural Sciences and Natural ResourcesGorganIran
| | - Masoumeh Moghimi
- Department of ChemistryGonbad Kavoos BranchIslamic Azad UniversityGonbad KavoosIran
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Savic I, Savic Gajic I, Gajic D. Physico-Chemical Properties and Oxidative Stability of Fixed Oil from Plum Seeds ( Prunus domestica Linn.). Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10020294. [PMID: 32069964 PMCID: PMC7072487 DOI: 10.3390/biom10020294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Storage of a great amount of plum kernel waste becomes a challenge for food industry. In this work, the plum seed was used as a source of fixed oil that can be an ingredient of commercial products. Soxhlet extraction was carried out using the different solvents, such as n-hexane, n-heptane, ethyl acetate, acetone, or chloroform:methanol mixture (2:1 v/v). The highest yield of oil (about 30%) was obtained using n-heptane and n-hexane, while the lowest yield was obtained using ethyl acetate. The analysis of physico-chemical parameters indicated that all samples of plum seed oil have an exceptional quality. Schaal oven test indicated that the fixed oil of plum seed exhibited satisfactory oxidative stability at moderate storage temperatures (up to 65 °C). The composition of phenolic compounds in the oil samples was determined using HPLC method. The most abundant compound of seven identified and quantified phenolic compounds was vanillic acid. The highest content of β-carotene (1.67 mg 100 g−1 fixed oil) spectrophotometrically determined was in the oil extracted with n-hexane. The lowest content of β-carotene (1.26 mg 100 g−1 fixed oil) was determined in the oil extracted with a mixture of chloroform:methanol (2:1 v/v). This oil had the highest antioxidant activity (IC50 value of 4.35 mg mL−1) compared to other oil samples. The antioxidant activity was probably caused by the presence of phenolic compounds. The investigated physico-chemical properties demonstrated that the plum seed oil has a potential for application in the food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Savic
- Faculty of Technology in Leskovac, University of Nis, 16000 Leskovac, Serbia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +381-16-247-203
| | - Ivana Savic Gajic
- Faculty of Technology in Leskovac, University of Nis, 16000 Leskovac, Serbia;
| | - Dragoljub Gajic
- Energy Efficiency and Climate Change, EBRD, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Dehghan-Manshadi A, Peighambardoust SH, Azadmard-Damirchi S, Niakousari M. Effect of infrared-assisted spouted bed drying of flaxseed on the quality characteristics of its oil extracted by different methods. J Sci Food Agric 2020; 100:74-80. [PMID: 31435945 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infrared (IR)-assisted spouted bed drying (SBD) has emerged as a potential alternative to the traditional hot air drying for heat sensitive components. The aim of this study was to investigate effect of IR-assisted SBD and application of cold press (CP), solvent extraction (SE) and ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE) on the quality of flaxseed oil. SBD and IR-assisted SBD were performed at air temperatures of 40, 60, 80 °C and their effects on the drying rate, fatty acids composition and oil peroxide and acid values were evaluated. Quality of oil extracted from the dried flaxseeds by CP, SE and UAE methods was then evaluated. RESULTS Increasing air temperature in the presence of IR increased the drying rate. The peroxide values (PVs) of IR-SBD samples were higher than those of SBD at the same temperature. IR treatment did not notably change the composition of fatty acids in flaxseed oil, except in linoleic acid content. UAE gave higher extraction yield than CP and SE methods. UAE yielded an oil with higher percentage of saturated fatty acids, whereas the percentage of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids was higher in the CP method. The oil extracted by CP exhibited lower levels of PV (0.516 meq O2 /kg oil) and acid value (1.36%), as compared to oils extracted by SE and UAE methods. CONCLUSION Both UAE and conventional methods did not significantly influence the composition of fatty acids in the extracted oils. Nonetheless, the CP method yielded an oil with a high percentage of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sodeif Azadmard-Damirchi
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
- Food and Drug Safety Research Center, Health Management and Safety Promotion Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Niakousari
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Lawson SM, Masterson EA, Azman AS. Prevalence of hearing loss among noise-exposed workers within the Mining and Oil and Gas Extraction sectors, 2006-2015. Am J Ind Med 2019; 62:826-837. [PMID: 31347715 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.23031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence of hearing loss (HL) among noise-exposed US workers within the Mining, and Oil and Gas Extraction (OGE) sectors. METHODS Audiograms of 1.9 million workers across all industries (including 9389 in Mining and 1076 in OGE) from 2006 to 2015 were examined. Prevalence and adjusted risk as compared to a reference industry (Couriers and Messengers) were estimated for all industries combined and the Mining and OGE sectors and subsectors. RESULTS The prevalences of HL in Mining and OGE were 24% and 14%, respectively, compared with 16% for all industries combined. Many Mining and one OGE subsector exceeded these prevalences and most had an adjusted risk (prevalence ratio) significantly greater than the reference industry. Some subsectors, particularly in OGE, could not be examined due to low sample size. The prevalences in Construction Sand and Gravel Mining and Natural Gas Liquid Extraction were 36% and 28%, respectively. Workers within Support Activities for Coal Mining had double the risk of HL than workers in the reference industry. CONCLUSIONS The many subsectors identified with high prevalences and/or worker risks for HL well above risks in the reference industry need critical attention to conserve worker hearing and maintain worker quality of life. Administrative and engineering controls can reduce worker hazardous noise exposures. Noise and ototoxic chemical exposure information is needed for many subsectors, as is audiometric testing results for OGE workers. Additional research is also needed to further characterize exposures and improve hearing conservation measures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sean M. Lawson
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Cincinnati Ohio
| | - Elizabeth A. Masterson
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Cincinnati Ohio
| | - Amanda S. Azman
- NIOSH Pittsburgh Mining Research Division Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Cardona Jaramillo JEC, Carrillo Bautista MP, Alvarez Solano OA, Achenie LEK, González Barrios AF. Impact of the Mode of Extraction on the Lipidomic Profile of Oils Obtained from Selected Amazonian Fruits. Biomolecules 2019; 9:E329. [PMID: 31374835 PMCID: PMC6722717 DOI: 10.3390/biom9080329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Oils and fats are important raw materials in food products, animal feed, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals among others. The market today is dominated by oils derive, d from African palm, soybean, oilseed and animal fats. Colombia's Amazon region has endemic palms such as Euterpe precatoria (açai), Oenocarpus bataua (patawa), and Mauritia flexuosa (buriti) which grow in abundance and produce a large amount of ethereal extract. However, as these oils have never been used for any economic purpose, little is known about their chemical composition or their potential as natural ingredients for the cosmetics or food industries. In order to fill this gap, we decided to characterize the lipids present in the fruits of these palms. We began by extracting the oils using mechanical and solvent-based approaches. The oils were evaluated by quantifying the quality indices and their lipidomic profiles. The main components of these profiles were triglycerides, followed by diglycerides, fatty acids, acylcarnitine, ceramides, ergosterol, lysophosphatidylcholine, phosphatidyl ethanolamine, and sphingolipids. The results suggest that solvent extraction helped increase the diglyceride concentration in the three analyzed fruits. Unsaturated lipids were predominant in all three fruits and triolein was the most abundant compound. Characterization of the oils provides important insights into the way they might behave as potential ingredients of a range of products. The sustainable use of these oils may have considerable economic potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Erika Cristina Cardona Jaramillo
- Grupo de Diseño de Productos y Procesos (GDPP), Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad de los Andes. Carrera 1E No. 19 A 40 Edificio Mario Laserna, 19A-40 Bogotá, Colombia.
- Instituto Amazónico de Investigaciones Científicas Sinchi. Calle 20 # 5-44 Bogotá, Colombia.
| | | | - Oscar Alberto Alvarez Solano
- Grupo de Diseño de Productos y Procesos (GDPP), Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad de los Andes. Carrera 1E No. 19 A 40 Edificio Mario Laserna, 19A-40 Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Luke E K Achenie
- Multiscale and Multiphysics Modeling Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Tech (Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University), 298 Goodwin Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
| | - Andrés Fernando González Barrios
- Grupo de Diseño de Productos y Procesos (GDPP), Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad de los Andes. Carrera 1E No. 19 A 40 Edificio Mario Laserna, 19A-40 Bogotá, Colombia
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Flores M, Saravia C, Vergara CE, Avila F, Valdés H, Ortiz-Viedma J. Avocado Oil: Characteristics, Properties, and Applications. Molecules 2019; 24:E2172. [PMID: 31185591 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24112172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Avocado oil has generated growing interest among consumers due to its nutritional and technological characteristics, which is evidenced by an increase in the number of scientific articles that have been published on it. The purpose of the present research was to discuss the extraction methods, chemical composition, and various applications of avocado oil in the food and medicine industries. Our research was carried out through a systematic search in scientific databases. Even though there are no international regulations concerning the quality of avocado oil, some authors refer to the parameters used for olive oil, as stated by the Codex Alimentarius or the International Olive Oil Council. They indicate that the quality of avocado oil will depend on the quality and maturity of the fruit and the extraction technique in relation to temperature, solvents, and conservation. While the avocado fruit has been widely studied, there is a lack of knowledge about avocado oil and the potential health effects of consuming it. On the basis of the available data, avocado oil has established itself as an oil that has a very good nutritional value at low and high temperatures, with multiple technological applications that can be exploited for the benefit of its producers.
Collapse
|
24
|
Bakhshabadi H, Mirzaei H, Ghodsvali A, Jafari SM, Ziaiifar AM. The influence of pulsed electric fields and microwave pretreatments on some selected physicochemical properties of oil extracted from black cumin seed. Food Sci Nutr 2017; 6:111-118. [PMID: 29387368 PMCID: PMC5778200 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Application of novel technologies such as microwave and pulsed electric fields (PEF) might increase the speed and efficiency of oil extraction. In the present research, PEF (3.25 kV/cm electric field intensity and 30 pulse number) and microwave (540 W for 180 s) pretreatments were used to study the process of oil extraction from black cumin (Nigella sativa) seeds. After applying the selected pretreatments, the oil of seeds was extracted with the use of a screw press and the extraction efficiency, refractive index, oil density, color index, oxidative stability, and chemical components of oil and protein of meal were evaluated. The achieved results expressed that PEF and microwave pretreatments increased the oil extraction efficiency and its oxidative stability. Different pretreatments didn't have any significant influence on the refractive index of black cumin seed oil (p>.05). When microwave and PEF were used, the oil density showed an enhancement as the following: 1.51% and 0.96%, respectively in comparison with the samples with no pretreatments. Evaluation of the extracted oils, using GC/MS analysis indicated that thymoquinone was the dominant phenolic component in the black cumin oil. Finally, the SEM analysis revealed that microwave and PEF can be useful in the extraction of oil from black cumin seeds since these treatments damaged cell walls and facilitated the oil extraction process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Bakhshabadi
- Department of Food Materials and Process Design Engineering Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources Gorgan Iran
| | - HabibOllah Mirzaei
- Department of Food Materials and Process Design Engineering Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources Gorgan Iran
| | - Alireza Ghodsvali
- Agricultural Engineering Research Department Golestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center AREEO Gorgan Iran
| | - Seid Mahdi Jafari
- Department of Food Materials and Process Design Engineering Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources Gorgan Iran
| | - Aman Mohammad Ziaiifar
- Department of Food Materials and Process Design Engineering Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources Gorgan Iran
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Irías-Mata A, Stuetz W, Sus N, Hammann S, Gralla K, Cordero-Solano A, Vetter W, Frank J. Tocopherols, Tocomonoenols, and Tocotrienols in Oils of Costa Rican Palm Fruits: A Comparison between Six Varieties and Chemical versus Mechanical Extraction. J Agric Food Chem 2017; 65:7476-7482. [PMID: 28756671 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b02230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Palm oil is one of the richest sources of tocotrienols and may contain other non-tocopherol vitamin E congeners. The vitamin E profiles of fully ripened fruit mesocarp of three Elaeis guineensis, two Elaeis oleifera, and one hybrid O × G palm fruit genotypes from Costa Rica were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry after mechanical extraction by a screw press and chemical extraction with hexane. γ-Tocotrienol, α-tocotrienol, and α-tocopherol were the most abundant tocochromanols, while other tocopherols (β-tocopherol, γ-tocopherol, and δ-tocopherol) and α-tocomonoenol were detected at minor concentrations. Significant differences in vitamin E profiles between genotypes were observed, and the variety E. oleifera Quepos (CB9204) had by far the highest content of total tocotrienols (890 μg/g of oil) and total vitamin E (892 μg/g of oil). Chemical extraction with hexane afforded up to 2.5-fold higher vitamin E yields than screw press extraction. α-Tocomonoenol co-eluted with γ-tocopherol in reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography analyses and is a possible source of error in the quantification of γ-tocopherol in foods.
Collapse
|
26
|
Probst KV, Wales MD, Rezac ME, Vadlani PV. Evaluation of green solvents: Oil extraction from oleaginous yeast Lipomyces starkeyi using cyclopentyl methyl ether (CPME). Biotechnol Prog 2017; 33:1096-1103. [PMID: 28371542 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Cyclopentyl methyl ether (CPME) was evaluated for extracting oil or triacylglycerol (TAG) from wet cells of the oleaginous yeast Lipomyces starkeyi. CPME is a greener alternative to chloroform as a potential solvent for oil recovery. A monophasic system of CPME and biphasic system of CPME:water (1:0.7) performed poorly having the lowest TAG extraction efficiency and TAG selectivity compared to other monophasic systems of hexane and chloroform and the biphasic Bligh and Dyer method (chloroform:methanol:water). Biphasic systems of CPME:water:alcohol (methanol/ethanol/1-propanol) were tested and methanol achieved the best oil extraction efficiency compared to ethanol and 1-propanol. Different biphasic systems of CPME:methanol:water were tested, the best TAG extraction efficiency and TAG selectivity achieved was 9.9 mg/mL and 64.6%, respectively, using a starting ratio of 1:1.7:0.6 and a final ratio of 1:1:0.8 (CPME:methanol:water). Similar results were achieved for the Bligh and Dyer method (TAG extraction efficiency of 10.2 mg/mL and TAG selectivity of 66.0%) indicating that the biphasic CPME system was comparable. The fatty acid profile remained constant across all the solvent systems tested indicating that choice of solvent was not specific for any certain fatty acid. This study was able to demonstrate that CPME could be used as an alternative solvent for the extraction of oil from the wet biomass of oleaginous yeast. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 33:1096-1103, 2017.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyle V Probst
- Kansas State University, BIVAP Building, IGERT Trainee in Biorefining, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, 66506, United States.,Bioprocessing and Renewable Energy Lab, Department of Grain Science and Industry, 1980 Kimball Ave., Manhattan, Kansas, 66506, United States
| | - Michael D Wales
- Kansas State University, BIVAP Building, IGERT Trainee in Biorefining, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, 66506, United States.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, 66506, United States
| | - Mary E Rezac
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, 66506, United States
| | - Praveen V Vadlani
- Bioprocessing and Renewable Energy Lab, Department of Grain Science and Industry, 1980 Kimball Ave., Manhattan, Kansas, 66506, United States.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, 66506, United States
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Abstract
Several thermoresponsive block copolymers constituted of a poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and a poly(2-(2-methoxyethoxy) ethyl methacrylate) (PMEO2MA) block were prepared by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) and their ability to extract oil from oil sands was evaluated. The chemical composition of the PEG113-b-PMEO2MAX block copolymers was determined by (1)H NMR and gel permeation chromatography (GPC) with X-values ranging between 48 and 80. Aqueous solutions of block copolymers showed a cloud point of 34 ± 1 °C as determined by turbidimetry and dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements. DLS experiments indicated that these polymers formed stable block copolymer micelles due to association of the PMEO2MA blocks at temperatures greater than 45 °C with a unimodal distribution of hydrodynamic diameters. Since characterization of the block copolymer solutions as a function of temperature indicated the formation of hydrophobic domains in water for T > 45 °C, extractions of oil from oil sands with the block copolymers were conducted at T = 45 and 50 °C. At these temperatures, 15 mL of a 1 mg/mL PEG113-b-PMEO2MA77 aqueous solution extracted 100% of the oil trapped in 1 g of oil sand if 60 mg of toluene was added to the mixture. When the extraction was conducted under the same experimental conditions without block copolymer, a poor oil recovery of less than 30% was achieved. Starting with a 1 mg/mL block copolymer concentration, the block copolymer aqueous solution could be recycled up to five successive extractions while maintaining satisfying oil recovery. Each extraction cycle led to a 22% mass loss of block copolymer, certainly due to association with the toluene, oil, and sand particles. Together these experiments demonstrate that thermoresponsive block copolymers can be powerful aids to enhance the oil recovery of oil sands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bingqing Yang
- Institute for Polymer Research, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Jean Duhamel
- Institute for Polymer Research, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Dozier WA, Perryman KR, Hess JB. Apparent ileal amino acid digestibility of reduced-oil distillers dried grains with solubles fed to broilers from 23 to 31 days of age. Poult Sci 2015; 94:379-83. [PMID: 25638472 DOI: 10.3382/ps/peu068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
An experiment was conducted using male Ross×Ross 708 broiler chicks to determine the effect of oil extraction from corn distillers dried grains with solubles on apparent ileal amino acid digestibility from 23 to 31 d of age. On an as-fed basis, ether extract concentrations were determined as 5.4% (L-distillers dried grains with solubles), 7.9% (M-distillers dried grains with solubles), and 10.5% (H-distillers dried grains with solubles) for the 3 experimental distillers dried grains with solubles sources. Prior to experimentation, each sample (H-distillers dried grains with solubles (control), M-distillers dried grains with solubles and L-distillers dried grains with solubles) was analyzed on an as-fed basis for crude protein (29.2, 27.6, and 27.9%), starch (4.4, 5.2, and 6.1%), neutral detergent fiber (29.5, 33.2, and 29.9%), and total dietary fiber (31.4, 36.6, and 33.6 %). Four hundred and thirty-two male chicks (12 birds per cage; 0.04 m2 per bird) were randomly assigned to 36 battery grower cages. Broilers were fed one of 3 semi-purified diets, which were comprised of 76% L-distillers dried grains with solubles, M- distillers dried grains with solubles, or H-distillers dried grains with solubles as the sole amino acid source from 23 to 31 d of age. Apparent ileal amino acid digestibility coefficients were negatively affected (P<0.05) by oil extraction for Met (0.722, 0.788, and 0.791), Lys (0.504, 0.510, and 0.552), Thr (0.563, 0.566, and 0.612), Trp (0.708, 0.733, and 0.767), and Arg (0.762, 0.776, and 0.799) for L-distillers dried grains with solubles, M-distillers dried grains with solubles, and H-distillers dried grains with solubles, respectively. Conversely, no differences in apparent amino acid coefficients were reported for Ile, Leu, and Val. These results indicated that L-distillers dried grains with solubles had lower apparent amino acid digestibility coefficients for Met, Lys, Thr, Trp, and Arg compared with H-distillers dried grains with solubles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W A Dozier
- Department of Poultry Science, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 38649
| | - K R Perryman
- Department of Poultry Science, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 38649
| | - J B Hess
- Department of Poultry Science, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 38649
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Vanthomme H, Kolowski J, Korte L, Alonso A. Distribution of a community of mammals in relation to roads and other human disturbances in Gabon, central Africa. Conserv Biol 2013; 27:281-91. [PMID: 23410077 PMCID: PMC3644169 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.12017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2012] [Accepted: 10/05/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We present the first community-level study of the associations of both roads and other human disturbances with the distribution of mammals in Gabon (central Africa). Our study site was in an oil concession within a littoral mosaic landscape. We conducted surveys along 199 line transects and installed camera traps on 99 of these transects to document mammal presence and abundance. We used generalized linear mixed-effect models to document associations between variables related to the ecosystem (land cover, topography, and hydrology), roads (coating, width of rights of way, condition, type of vehicle used on the road, traffic level, affiliation of users, and general type of road), and other human disturbances (urbanization, agriculture, hunting, logging, gathering, and industrial activities) and the abundance or presence of 17 species or groups of mammals including elephant (Loxodonta cyclotis), buffalo (Syncerus caffer), sitatunga (Tragelaphus spekei), red river hog (Potamochoerus porcus), smaller ungulates, gorilla (Gorilla gorilla), chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes), side-striped jackal (Canis adustus), carnivores, monkeys, and large rodents. Some types of roads and other human disturbances were negatively associated with the abundance or presence of elephants, buffalos, gorillas, sitatungas, some monkeys, and duikers. The pattern of associations of mammals with roads and other human disturbances was diverse and included positive associations with road presence (red river hog, some monkeys, and duikers), agriculture (sitatunga, small carnivores, and large rodents) and industrial activities (sitatunga, red river hog, red duikers, and side-striped jackal). Our results suggest that the community of mammals we studied was mostly affected by hunting, agriculture, and urbanization, which are facilitated by road presence. We recommend increased regulation of agriculture, hunting, and road building in the area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hadrien Vanthomme
- Center for Conservation, Education and Sustainability, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, Washington, D.C. 20013-7012, U.S.A.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|