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Zhang L, Du X, Ai X, Liu Y. Mass Balance Studies of Robenidine Hydrochloride in the Body of Channel Catfish ( Ictalurus punctatus). Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3745. [PMID: 38067096 PMCID: PMC10705203 DOI: 10.3390/ani13233745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aims to determine the mass balance of robenidine hydrochloride (ROBH) in the body of Channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). ROBH was administered orally at a dose of 20 mg/kg; following drug administration, the water samples were collected at predetermined time points (12, 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, 144, and 168 h), the experimental fish were executed after the water samples were obtained at 168 h, and the tissue samples were collected separately from the bones. The water and tissue samples were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) for concentrations of ROBH and its potential major metabolites, 4-chlorohippuric acid (PCHA) and 4-chlorobenzoic acid (PCBA). The tissue samples were prepared using a modified QuEChERS procedure; the water samples were prepared using a liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) procedure. The results show that the recovery rate of ROBH in fish is very low, less than 2% of the total amount of the drug, and the recovery in water can reach 80.7% of the total amount of the drug. The content of PCBA accounted for 42.4% of the total amount of the drug; the content of ROBH accounted for 38.3% of the total amount of the drug. The content of PCHA accounted for less than 1% of the total amount of the drug. The results show that, after a single administration, ROBH is rapidly metabolized in vivo and excreted in the form of ROBH as well as metabolite PCBA. ROBH and PCBA can be used as the main targets for the metabolism detection of ROBH in Channel catfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (L.Z.); (X.D.)
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China
| | - Xiangxuan Du
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (L.Z.); (X.D.)
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China
| | - Xiaohui Ai
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (L.Z.); (X.D.)
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China
- Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Aquatic Product Quality and Safety, Wuhan 430223, China
- Key Laboratory of Control of Quality and Safety for Aquatic Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100141, China
| | - Yongtao Liu
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China
- Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Aquatic Product Quality and Safety, Wuhan 430223, China
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2
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Nguyen HT, Venter H, Woolford L, Young KA, McCluskey A, Garg S, Sapula SS, Page SW, Ogunniyi AD, Trott DJ. Oral administration of a 2-aminopyrimidine robenidine analogue (NCL195) significantly reduces Staphylococcus aureus infection and reduces Escherichia coli infection in combination with sub-inhibitory colistin concentrations in a bioluminescent mouse model. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2023; 67:e0042423. [PMID: 37695304 PMCID: PMC10583667 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00424-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously reported promising in vivo activity of the first-generation 2-aminopyramidine robenidine analogue NCL195 against Gram-positive bacteria (GPB) when administered via the systemic route. In this study, we examined the efficacy of oral treatment with NCL195 (± low-dose colistin) in comparison to oral moxifloxacin in bioluminescent Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli peritonitis-sepsis models. Four oral doses of 50 mg/kg NCL195, commencing immediately post-infection, were administered at 4 h intervals in the S. aureus peritonitis-sepsis model. We used a combination of four oral doses of 50 mg/kg NCL195 and four intraperitoneal doses of colistin at 0.125 mg/kg, 0.25 mg/kg, or 0.5 mg/kg in the E. coli peritonitis-sepsis model. Subsequently, the dose rates of four intraperitoneal doses of colistin were increased to 0.5 mg/kg, 1 mg/kg, or 2 mg/kg at 4 h intervals to treat a colistin-resistant E. coli infection. In the S. aureus infection model, oral treatment of mice with NCL195 resulted in significantly reduced S. aureus infection loads (P < 0.01) and longer survival times (P < 0.001) than vehicle-only treated mice. In the E. coli infection model, co-administration of NCL195 and graded doses of colistin resulted in a dose-dependent significant reduction in colistin-susceptible (P < 0.01) or colistin-resistant (P < 0.05) E. coli loads compared to treatment with colistin alone at similar concentrations. Our results confirm that NCL195 is a potential candidate for further preclinical development as a specific treatment for multidrug-resistant infections, either as a stand-alone antibiotic for GPB or in combination with sub-inhibitory concentrations of colistin for Gram-negative bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Thi Nguyen
- Australian Center for Antimicrobial Resistance Ecology, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, Internal Medicine and Diagnostics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Henrietta Venter
- Health and Biomedical Innovation, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Lucy Woolford
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Kelly A. Young
- Chemistry, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Adam McCluskey
- Chemistry, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sanjay Garg
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Sylvia S. Sapula
- Health and Biomedical Innovation, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | | | - Abiodun David Ogunniyi
- Australian Center for Antimicrobial Resistance Ecology, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Darren J. Trott
- Australian Center for Antimicrobial Resistance Ecology, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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3
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Arrighi F, Granese A, Chimenti P, Guglielmi P. Novel therapeutic opportunities for Toxoplasma gondii, Trichomonas vaginalis and Giardia intestinalis infections. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2023; 33:211-245. [PMID: 37099697 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2023.2206017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Toxoplasma gondii, Trichomonas vaginalis and Giardia intestinalis are the causative agents of Toxoplasmosis, Trichomoniasis and Giardiasis, three important infections threatening human health and affecting millions of people worldwide. Although drugs and treatment are available to fight these protozoan parasites, side-effects and increasing drug resistance, require continuous efforts for the development of novel effective drugs. AREAS COVERED The patents search was carried out in September/October 2022 with four official scientific databases (Espacenet, Scifinder, Reaxys, Google Patents). Treatments for Toxoplasmosis, Trichomoniasis and Giardiasis (2015-2022) have been grouped according to their chemotypes. In particular, novel chemical entities have been reported and investigated for their structure-activity relationship, when accessible. On the other hand, drug repurposing, extensively exploited to obtain novel anti-protozoal treatment, has been in-depth described. Finally, natural metabolites and extracts have also been reported. EXPERT OPINION T. gondii, T. vaginalis and G. intestinalis are protozoan infections usually controlled by immune system in immunocompetent patients; however, they could represent a threatening health for immunocompromised people. The needs of novel effective drugs, endowed with new mechanisms of actions arises from the increasing drug resistance affecting antibiotic as well as antiprotozoal therapies. In this review different therapeutic approaches to treat protozoan infections have been reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Arrighi
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Arianna Granese
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Chimenti
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Guglielmi
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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4
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Lopes EA, Santos MMM, Mori M. Antimalarial drugs: what's new in the patents? Expert Opin Ther Pat 2023; 33:151-168. [PMID: 37060305 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2023.2203814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The efficacy of current therapeutic warheads in preventing malaria transmission or treating the disease is often hampered by the emergence of drug-resistance. No effective vaccines are available to date, and novel drugs able to counteract drug-resistant forms of malaria and/or to target multiple stages of the parasite's lifecycle are urgently needed. AREAS COVERED This review covers patents that protect antimalarial small molecules bearing the artemisinin or other chemical scaffolds, as well as vaccines, that have been published in the period 2015-2022. Literature was searched in public databases of articles and patents. Patents protecting small molecules that prevent malaria transmission are not discussed herein. EXPERT OPINION Significant progress has been made in the design of antimalarial agents. Most of these candidates have been tested in standardized strains, with the use of Plasmodium clinical isolates for testing still underdeveloped. Several compounds have been profiled in in vivo mouse models of malaria, including humanised mice. Despite having different efficacy, these new molecules might further progress the field and hopefully will advance to clinical development soon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Lopes
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria M M Santos
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Mattia Mori
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
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Maurya MR, Kumar N, Avecilla F. Mononuclear/Binuclear [V IVO]/[V VO 2] Complexes Derived from 1,3-Diaminoguanidine and Their Catalytic Application for the Oxidation of Benzoin via Oxygen Atom Transfer. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:1301-1318. [PMID: 36643530 PMCID: PMC9835170 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c06732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Ligands H4sal-dag (I) and H4Brsal-dag (II) derived from 1,3-diaminoguanidine and salicylaldehyde or 5-bromosalicylaldehyde react with one or 2 mol equivalent of vanadium precursor to give two different series of vanadium complexes. Thus, complexes [VIVO(H2sal-dag) (H2O)] (1) and [VIVO(H2Brsal-dag) (H2O)] (2) were isolated by the reaction of an equimolar ratio of these ligands with [VIVO(acac)2] in MeOH. In the presence of K+/Cs+ ion and using aerially oxidized [VIVO(acac)2], the above reaction gave complexes [K(H2O){VVO2(H2sal-dag)}]2 (3), [Cs(H2O){VVO2(H2sal-dag)}]2 (4), [K(H2O){VO2(H2Brsal-dag)}]2 (5), and [Cs(H2O){VVO2(H2Brsal-dag)}]2 (6), which could also be isolated by direct aerial oxidation of complexes 1 and 2 in MeOH in the presence of K+/Cs+ ion. Complexes [(H2O)VIVO(Hsal-dag)VVO2] (7) and [(H2O)VIVO(HBrsal-dag)VVO2] (8) were isolated upon increasing the ligand-to-vanadium precursor molar ratio to 1:2 under an air atmosphere. When I and II were reacted with aerially oxidized [VIVO(acac)2] in a 1:2 molar ratio in MeOH in the presence of K+/Cs+ ion, they formed [K(H2O)5{(VVO2)2(Hsal-dag)}]2 (9), [Cs(H2O)2{(VVO2)2(Hsal-dag)}]2 (10), [K2(H2O)4{(VVO2)2(Brsal-dag)}]2 (11), and [Cs2(H2O)4{(VVO2)2(Brsal-dag)}]2 (12). The structures of complexes 3, 4, 5, and 9 determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction study confirm the mono-, bi-, tri-, and tetra-anionic behaviors of the ligands. All complexes were found to be an effective catalyst for the oxidation of benzoin to benzil via oxygen atom transfer (OAT) between DMSO and benzoin. Under aerobic condition, this oxidation also proceeds effectively in the absence of DMSO. Electron paramagnetic resonance and 51V NMR studies demonstrated the active role of a stable V(IV) intermediate during OAT between DMSO and benzoin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mannar R. Maurya
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology
Roorkee, Roorkee247667, India
| | - Naveen Kumar
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology
Roorkee, Roorkee247667, India
| | - Fernando Avecilla
- Grupo
NanoToxGen, Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas
(CICA), Departamento de Química, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, Campus de A Coruña, 15071A Coruña, Spain
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6
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In Vitro Activity of Robenidine Analogues NCL259 and NCL265 against Gram-Negative Pathogens. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11101301. [PMID: 36289959 PMCID: PMC9598656 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11101301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative pathogens, especially Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Enterobacter spp., are recognized by the World Health Organization as the most critical priority pathogens in urgent need of drug development. In this study, the in vitro antimicrobial activity of robenidine analogues NCL259 and NCL265 was tested against key human and animal Gram-negative clinical isolates and reference strains. NCL259 and NCL265 demonstrated moderate antimicrobial activity against these Gram-negative priority pathogens with NCL265 consistently more active, achieving lower minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) in the range of 2−16 µg/mL. When used in combination with sub-inhibitory concentrations of polymyxin B to permeabilize the outer membrane, NCL259 and NCL265 elicited a synergistic or additive activity against the reference strains tested, reducing the MIC of NCL259 by 8- to 256- fold and the MIC of NCL265 by 4- to 256- fold. A small minority of Klebsiella spp. isolates (three) were resistant to both NCL259 and NCL265 with MICs > 256 µg/mL. This resistance was completely reversed in the presence of the efflux pump inhibitor phenylalanine-arginine-beta-naphthylamide (PAβN) to yield MIC values of 8−16 µg/mL and 2−4 µg/mL for NCL259 and NCL256, respectively. When NCL259 and NCL265 were tested against wild-type E. coli isolate BW 25113 and its isogenic multidrug efflux pump subunit AcrB deletion mutant (∆AcrB), the MIC of both compounds against the mutant ∆AcrB isolate was reduced 16-fold compared to the wild-type parent, indicating a significant role for the AcrAB-TolC efflux pump from Enterobacterales in imparting resistance to these robenidine analogues. In vitro cytotoxicity testing revealed that NCL259 and NCL265 had much higher levels of toxicity to a range of human cell lines compared to the parent robenidine, thus precluding their further development as novel antibiotics against Gram-negative pathogens.
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7
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Krollenbrock A, Li Y, Kelly JX, Riscoe MK. Robenidine Analogues Are Potent Antimalarials in Drug-Resistant Plasmodium falciparum. ACS Infect Dis 2021; 7:1956-1968. [PMID: 33724773 PMCID: PMC8273112 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.1c00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
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Robenidine is a veterinary drug used in the poultry industry to treat coccidiosis
caused by parasites in the Eimeria genus. Though this compound and
related aminoguanidines have recently been studied in other pathogens, the chemotype has
not been systematically explored to optimize antimalarial activity despite the close
genetic relationship between Eimeria and Plasmodium
(both are members of the Apicomplexa phylum of unicellular, spore-forming parasites). In
this study, a series of aminoguanidine robenidine analogues was prepared and tested
in vitro against Plasmodium falciparum, including
multidrug-resistant strains. Selected compounds were further evaluated in
vivo against murine Plasmodium yoelii in mice. Iterative
structure–activity relationship studies led to the discovery of 1,
an aminoguanidine with excellent activity against drug-resistant malaria in
vitro and impressive in vivo efficacy with an
ED50 value of 0.25 mg/kg/day in a standard 4-day test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Krollenbrock
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 Sam Jackson Boulevard, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
- VA Medical Center, 3710 SW US Veterans Hospital Road, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | - Yuexin Li
- VA Medical Center, 3710 SW US Veterans Hospital Road, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | - Jane Xu Kelly
- VA Medical Center, 3710 SW US Veterans Hospital Road, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | - Michael K. Riscoe
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 Sam Jackson Boulevard, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
- VA Medical Center, 3710 SW US Veterans Hospital Road, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
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Ivakh S, Dubenska L, Rydchuk M, Plotycya S. Voltammetric Behavior and Reliable Method for the Determination of Coccidiostat Robenidine in Animal Feed and Poultry Meat. ELECTROANAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.202060225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Ivakh
- Analytical Chemistry Department Ivan Franko National University of Lviv 79005 Kyryla i Mefodia Str. 8 Lviv Ukraine
| | - L. Dubenska
- Analytical Chemistry Department Ivan Franko National University of Lviv 79005 Kyryla i Mefodia Str. 8 Lviv Ukraine
| | - M. Rydchuk
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues Control State Scientific Research Control Institute of Veterinary Medicinal Products and Feed Additives 79019 Donetska Str. 11 Lviv Ukraine
| | - S. Plotycya
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues Control State Scientific Research Control Institute of Veterinary Medicinal Products and Feed Additives 79019 Donetska Str. 11 Lviv Ukraine
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Mei Y, Jiang T, Zou Y, Wang Y, Zhou J, Li J, Liu L, Tan J, Wei L, Li J, Dai H, Peng Y, Zhang L, Lopez-Ribot JL, Shapiro RS, Chen C, Liu NN, Wang H. FDA Approved Drug Library Screening Identifies Robenidine as a Repositionable Antifungal. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:996. [PMID: 32582050 PMCID: PMC7283467 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the increasing prevalence of pathogenic fungal infections, the emergence of antifungal resistant clinical isolates worldwide, and the limited arsenal of available antifungals, developing new antifungal strategies is imperative. In this study, we screened a library of 1068 FDA-approved drugs to identify hits that exhibit broad-spectrum antifungal activity. Robenidine, an anticoccidial agent which has been widely used to treat coccidian infections of poultry and rabbits, was identified in this screen. Physiological concentration of robenidine (8 μM) was able to significantly inhibit yeast cell growth, filamentation and biofilm formation of Candida albicans – the most extensively studied human fungal pathogen. Moreover, we observed a broad-spectrum antifungal activity of this compound against fluconazole resistant clinical isolates of C. albicans, as well as a wide range of other clinically relevant fungal pathogens. Intriguingly, robenidine-treated C. albicans cells were hypersensitive to diverse cell wall stressors, and analysis of the cell wall structure by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that the cell wall was severely damaged by robenidine, implying that this compound may target the cell wall integrity signaling pathway. Indeed, upon robenidine treatment, we found a dose dependent increase in the phosphorylation of the cell wall integrity marker Mkc1, which was decreased after prolonged exposure. Finally, we provide evidence by RNA-seq and qPCR that Rlm1, the downstream transcription factor of Mkc1, may represent a potential target of robenidine. Therefore, our data suggest that robenidine, a FDA approved anti-coccidiosis drug, displays a promising and broadly effective antifungal strategy, and represents a potentially repositionable candidate for the treatment of fungal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yikun Mei
- Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tong Jiang
- The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Zou
- The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Zhou
- Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinyang Li
- Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingcong Tan
- Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Luqi Wei
- Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingquan Li
- Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huanqin Dai
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yibing Peng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Faculty of Medical Laboratory Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lixin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jose L Lopez-Ribot
- Department of Biology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States.,South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Rebecca S Shapiro
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Changbin Chen
- The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning-Ning Liu
- Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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10
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Zhang X, Han D, Pei P, Hao J, Lu Y, Wan P, Peng X, Lv W, Xiong W, Zeng Z. In vitro Antibacterial Activity of Isopropoxy Benzene Guanidine Against Multidrug-Resistant Enterococci. Infect Drug Resist 2019; 12:3943-3953. [PMID: 31920348 PMCID: PMC6934121 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s234509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bacterial infections cause a serious public health crisis due to the emergence of resistance towards multiple conventional antibacterial drugs. In particular, multidrug-resistant (MDR) Enterococcus faecium which belongs to "ESKAPE" organisms is causing significant problems worldwide. Hence, there is an urgent need to find alternative therapies. Recently, substituted benzene guanidine compounds have been used as lead structures to discover new promising drugs in both synthetic and medicinal chemistry. Purpose Here we investigated the antimicrobial activity of a new substituted benzene guanidine analog, isopropoxy benzene guanidine, against Enterococci. Material and methods The isopropoxy benzene guanidine was synthesized by Guangzhou Insighter Biotechnology Co., Ltd and tested on both reference bacterial strain and 32 clinical MDR Enterococci strains. The in vitro antibacterial activity was evaluated by microdilution method and kill kinetic assays. The potential antibacterial mechanism was measured by fluorescence spectrometry using fluorescent membrane potential probe 3, 3-diethyloxacarbocyanine iodide (DiOC2 (3)). Results Isopropoxy benzene guanidine exhibited potent bactericidal activity against both reference strain and MDR Enterococci isolates. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) range for isopropoxy benzene guanidine was 1-4 μg/mL. Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was about 2-8-fold of its MIC values. Time-kill studies showed that isopropoxy benzene guanidine provided superior bactericidal effect against reference and MDR strains within 12 hrs at 2×MIC. Furthermore, isopropoxy benzene guanidine could cause a large reduction in the magnitude of the generated membrane potential compared to that of the untreated cells. Conclusion The present study highlights the potent bactericidal activity of isopropoxy benzene guanidine on Enterococci by disrupting the cell membrane potential. These findings demonstrate that isopropoxy benzene guanidine may be a good chemical lead for further medicinal chemistry and pharmaceutical development and could be used as a therapeutic agent for infectious diseases caused by MDR Enterococci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiufeng Zhang
- National Laboratory of Safety Evaluation (Environmental Assessment) of Veterinary Drugs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Drugs Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China.,National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongdong Han
- National Laboratory of Safety Evaluation (Environmental Assessment) of Veterinary Drugs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Drugs Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China.,National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengfei Pei
- National Laboratory of Safety Evaluation (Environmental Assessment) of Veterinary Drugs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Drugs Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China.,National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Hao
- National Laboratory of Safety Evaluation (Environmental Assessment) of Veterinary Drugs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Drugs Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China.,National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Yixing Lu
- National Laboratory of Safety Evaluation (Environmental Assessment) of Veterinary Drugs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Drugs Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China.,National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Wan
- National Laboratory of Safety Evaluation (Environmental Assessment) of Veterinary Drugs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Drugs Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China.,National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianfeng Peng
- Guangzhou Insighter Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Weibiao Lv
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde), Foshan 528000, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenguang Xiong
- National Laboratory of Safety Evaluation (Environmental Assessment) of Veterinary Drugs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Drugs Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China.,National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenling Zeng
- National Laboratory of Safety Evaluation (Environmental Assessment) of Veterinary Drugs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Drugs Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China.,National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China
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11
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Abraham RJ, Abraham S, Stevens AJ, Page SW, McCluskey A, Trott DJ, O'Handley RM. Aminoguanidines: New leads for treatment of Giardia duodenalis infection. Int J Parasitol Drugs Drug Resist 2019; 10:38-44. [PMID: 31015151 PMCID: PMC6479099 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpddr.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Giardia duodenalis is an ubiquitous parasitic pathogen that causes significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Failures in drug therapy are commonly due to poor patient compliance as a result of the need for repeated administration, off target drug effects and increasing parasite drug resistance. In this study the in vitro efficacy and selectivity of the aminoguanidine compound robenidine and 2 structural analogues against Giardia were determined. After 5 h exposure to each compound the IC50 was as low as 0.2 μM with corresponding MLCs as low as 2.8 μM. This is in contrast to metronidazole which required 24 h to exhibit inhibitory activity. A modified adherence assay, developed for this study, demonstrated that three of the compounds inhibited in vitro adherence of the parasite. The lead compound exhibited rapid giardicidal activity (<5hr). In addition, microscopy studies demonstrated damage to the plasma membrane of trophozoites. In conclusion, a class of aminoguanidines, represented by robenidine, has shown antigiardial activity warranting further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca J Abraham
- The University of Adelaide, School of Animal and Veterinary Science, Roseworthy, South Australia, 5352, Australia; Murdoch University, School of Veterinary and Life Science, Murdoch, Western Australia, 6150, Australia.
| | - Sam Abraham
- Murdoch University, School of Veterinary and Life Science, Murdoch, Western Australia, 6150, Australia
| | - Andrew J Stevens
- Chemistry, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | | | - Adam McCluskey
- Chemistry, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Darren J Trott
- The University of Adelaide, School of Animal and Veterinary Science, Roseworthy, South Australia, 5352, Australia
| | - Ryan M O'Handley
- The University of Adelaide, School of Animal and Veterinary Science, Roseworthy, South Australia, 5352, Australia
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12
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Claes Z, Jonkhout M, Crespillo-Casado A, Bollen M. The antibiotic robenidine exhibits guanabenz-like cytoprotective properties by a mechanism independent of protein phosphatase PP1:PPP1R15A. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:13478-13486. [PMID: 31337709 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.008857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The aminoguanidine compound robenidine is widely used as an antibiotic for the control of coccidiosis, a protozoal infection in poultry and rabbits. Interestingly, robenidine is structurally similar to guanabenz (analogs), which are currently undergoing clinical trials as cytoprotective agents for the management of neurodegenerative diseases. Here we show that robenidine and guanabenz protect cells from a tunicamycin-induced unfolded protein response to a similar degree. Both compounds also reduced the tumor necrosis factor α-induced activation of NF-κB. The cytoprotective effects of guanabenz (analogs) have been explained previously by their ability to maintain eIF2α phosphorylation by allosterically inhibiting protein phosphatase PP1:PPP1R15A. However, using a novel split-luciferase-based protein-protein interaction assay, we demonstrate here that neither robenidine nor guanabenz disrupt the interaction between PPP1R15A and either PP1 or eIF2α in intact cells. Moreover, both drugs also inhibited the unfolded protein response in cells that expressed a nonphosphorylatable mutant (S51A) of eIF2α. Our results identify robenidine as a PP1:PPP1R15A-independent cytoprotective compound that holds potential for the management of protein misfolding-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zander Claes
- Laboratory of Biosignaling and Therapeutics, KU Leuven Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marloes Jonkhout
- Laboratory of Biosignaling and Therapeutics, KU Leuven Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ana Crespillo-Casado
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, United Kingdom
| | - Mathieu Bollen
- Laboratory of Biosignaling and Therapeutics, KU Leuven Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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13
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Khazandi M, Pi H, Chan WY, Ogunniyi AD, Sim JXF, Venter H, Garg S, Page SW, Hill PB, McCluskey A, Trott DJ. In vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Robenidine, Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid and Polymyxin B Nonapeptide Against Important Human and Veterinary Pathogens. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:837. [PMID: 31105656 PMCID: PMC6494957 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence and global spread of antimicrobial resistance among bacterial pathogens demand alternative strategies to treat life-threatening infections. Combination drugs and repurposing of old compounds with known safety profiles that are not currently used in human medicine can address the problem of multidrug-resistant infections and promote antimicrobial stewardship in veterinary medicine. In this study, the antimicrobial activity of robenidine alone or in combination with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) or polymyxin B nonapeptide (PMBN) against Gram-negative bacterial pathogens, including those associated with canine otitis externa and human skin and soft tissue infection, was evaluated in vitro using microdilution susceptibility testing and the checkerboard method. Fractional inhibitory concentration indices (FICIs) and dose reduction indices (DRI) of the combinations against tested isolates were determined. Robenidine alone was bactericidal against Acinetobacter baumannii [minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) mode = 8 μg/ml] and Acinetobacter calcoaceticus (MIC mode = 2 μg/ml). Against Acinetobacter spp., an additivity/indifference of the combination of robenidine/EDTA (0.53 > FICIs > 1.06) and a synergistic effect of the combination of robenidine/PMBN (0.5 < FICI) were obtained. DRIs of robenidine were significantly increased in the presence of both EDTA and PMBN from 2- to 2048-fold. Robenidine exhibited antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, in the presence of sub-inhibitory concentrations of either EDTA or PMBN. Robenidine also demonstrated potent antibacterial activity against multidrug-resistant Gram-positive pathogens and all Gram-negative pathogens isolated from cases of canine otitis externa in the presence of EDTA. Robenidine did not demonstrate antibiofilm activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. EDTA facilitated biofilm biomass degradation for both Gram-positives and Gram-negatives. The addition of robenidine to EDTA was not associated with any change in the effect on biofilm biomass degradation. The combination of robenidine with EDTA or PMBN has potential for further exploration and pharmaceutical development, such as incorporation into topical and otic formulations for animal and human use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manouchehr Khazandi
- Australian Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance Ecology, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, SA, Australia
| | - Hongfei Pi
- Australian Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance Ecology, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, SA, Australia
| | - Wei Yee Chan
- Australian Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance Ecology, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, SA, Australia
| | - Abiodun David Ogunniyi
- Australian Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance Ecology, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, SA, Australia
| | - Jowenna Xiao Feng Sim
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Henrietta Venter
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Sanjay Garg
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | | | - Peter B. Hill
- Australian Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance Ecology, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, SA, Australia
| | - Adam McCluskey
- Chemistry, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Darren J. Trott
- Australian Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance Ecology, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, SA, Australia
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14
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Evaluation of robenidine analog NCL195 as a novel broad-spectrum antibacterial agent. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183457. [PMID: 28873428 PMCID: PMC5584945 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The spread of multidrug resistance among bacterial pathogens poses a serious threat to public health worldwide. Recent approaches towards combating antimicrobial resistance include repurposing old compounds with known safety and development pathways as new antibacterial classes with novel mechanisms of action. Here we show that an analog of the anticoccidial drug robenidine (4,6-bis(2-((E)-4-methylbenzylidene)hydrazinyl)pyrimidin-2-amine; NCL195) displays potent bactericidal activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus by disrupting the cell membrane potential. NCL195 was less cytotoxic to mammalian cell lines than the parent compound, showed low metabolic degradation rates by human and mouse liver microsomes, and exhibited high plasma concentration and low plasma clearance rates in mice. NCL195 was bactericidal against Acinetobacter spp and Neisseria meningitidis and also demonstrated potent activity against A. baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterobacter spp. in the presence of sub-inhibitory concentrations of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and polymyxin B. These findings demonstrate that NCL195 represents a new chemical lead for further medicinal chemistry and pharmaceutical development to enhance potency, solubility and selectivity against serious bacterial pathogens.
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15
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Abraham RJ, Stevens AJ, Young KA, Russell C, Qvist A, Khazandi M, Wong HS, Abraham S, Ogunniyi AD, Page SW, O'Handley R, McCluskey A, Trott DJ. Robenidine Analogues as Gram-Positive Antibacterial Agents. J Med Chem 2016; 59:2126-38. [PMID: 26765953 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Robenidine, 1 (2,2'-bis[(4-chlorophenyl)methylene]carbonimidic dihydrazide), was active against MRSA and VRE with MIC's of 8.1 and 4.7 μM, respectively. SAR revealed tolerance for 4-Cl isosteres with 4-F (8), 3-F (9), 3-CH3 (22), and 4-C(CH3)3 (27) (23.7-71 μM) and with 3-Cl (3), 4-CH3 (21), and 4-CH(CH3)2 (26) (8.1-13.0 μM). Imine carbon alkylation identified a methyl/ethyl binding pocket that also accommodated a CH2OH moiety (75; 2,2'-bis[1-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-hydroxyethylidene]carbonimidic dihydrazide). Analogues 1, 27 (2,2'-bis{[4-(1,1-dimethylethyl)phenyl]methylene}carbonimidic dihydrazide), and 69 (2,2'-bis[1-(4-chlorophenyl)ethylidene]carbonimidic dihydrazide hydrochloride) were active against 24 clinical MRSA and MSSA isolates. No dose-limiting cytotoxicity at ≥2× MIC or hemolysis at ≥8× MIC was observed. Polymyxin B addition engendered Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa Gram-negative activity MIC's of 4.2-21.6 μM. 1 and 75 displayed excellent microsomal stability, intrinsic clearance, and hepatic extraction ratios with T1/2 > 247 min, CLint < 7 μL/min/mg protein, and EH < 0.22 in both human and mouse liposomes for 1 and in human liposomes for 75.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca J Abraham
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide , Roseworthy Campus, Mudla Wirra Road, Roseworthy, 5371 SA, Australia
| | - Andrew J Stevens
- Chemistry, Centre for Chemical Biology, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle , University Drive, Callaghan, 2308 NSW, Australia
| | - Kelly A Young
- Chemistry, Centre for Chemical Biology, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle , University Drive, Callaghan, 2308 NSW, Australia
| | - Cecilia Russell
- Chemistry, Centre for Chemical Biology, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle , University Drive, Callaghan, 2308 NSW, Australia
| | - Anastasia Qvist
- Chemistry, Centre for Chemical Biology, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle , University Drive, Callaghan, 2308 NSW, Australia
| | - Manouchehr Khazandi
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide , Roseworthy Campus, Mudla Wirra Road, Roseworthy, 5371 SA, Australia
| | - Hui San Wong
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide , Roseworthy Campus, Mudla Wirra Road, Roseworthy, 5371 SA, Australia
| | - Sam Abraham
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide , Roseworthy Campus, Mudla Wirra Road, Roseworthy, 5371 SA, Australia.,School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University , 90 South Street, Murdoch, 6150 WA, Australia
| | - Abiodun D Ogunniyi
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide , Roseworthy Campus, Mudla Wirra Road, Roseworthy, 5371 SA, Australia
| | | | - Ryan O'Handley
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide , Roseworthy Campus, Mudla Wirra Road, Roseworthy, 5371 SA, Australia
| | - Adam McCluskey
- Chemistry, Centre for Chemical Biology, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle , University Drive, Callaghan, 2308 NSW, Australia
| | - Darren J Trott
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide , Roseworthy Campus, Mudla Wirra Road, Roseworthy, 5371 SA, Australia
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16
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Lai MH, Kirsch DR. Induction signals for vancomycin resistance encoded by the vanA gene cluster in Enterococcus faecium. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1996; 40:1645-8. [PMID: 8807055 PMCID: PMC163388 DOI: 10.1128/aac.40.7.1645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The induction of vancomycin resistance in enterococci containing the vanA gene cluster is thought to be controlled by a two-component sensor-response regulator system encoded by vanR and vanS. Eight inducing compounds were identified by screening a panel of more than 6,800 antibiotics and synthetic compounds including the three tested glycopeptides (vancomycin, avoparcin, and ristocetin), two other cell wall biosynthesis inhibitors (moenomycin and bacitracin), two cyclic peptide antibiotics (antibiotic AO341 beta and polymyxin B), and a macrocyclic lactone antibiotic (moxidectin). Induction activity by structurally unrelated antibiotics suggests that the induction signal is not a structural feature of vancomycin.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Lai
- American Cyanamid, Agricultural Product Research Division, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-0400, USA
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17
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Greenhill JV, Lue P. Amidines and guanidines in medicinal chemistry. PROGRESS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 1993; 30:203-326. [PMID: 7905649 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6468(08)70378-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J V Greenhill
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611-2046
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18
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Kantor S, Schenkel RH. CL 259,971: a potent new polyether anticoccidial. 1. Battery efficacy and safety. Poult Sci 1984; 63:1497-505. [PMID: 6483715 DOI: 10.3382/ps.0631497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The anticoccidial activity of CL 259,971, a new polyether ionophore produced by Actinomadura yumaense sp. nov, has been demonstrated against six species of poultry Eimeria, tested individually or in mixed species infections. Statistically significant activity was obtained against some species with as little as 2.5 ppm of drug. The optimal treatment level, however, was determined to be 5 ppm. At this level, performance was comparable to 100 or 120 ppm of monensin. CL 259,971 is coccidiocidal and affects the early asexual stages of the life cycle of E. tenella. Fed to uninoculated cockerels in batteries at 10 ppm for 7 weeks, CL 259,971 permitted numerically superior weight gains when compared with 200 ppm of monensin.
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19
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Action of khimcoccid on monoamine oxidase of rat liver mitochondria. Pharm Chem J 1982. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00762022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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20
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21
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Chapman HD. Eimeria tenella: experimental studies on the development of resistance to robenidine. Parasitology 1976; 73:265-73. [PMID: 1012746 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182000046953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The development of resistance by the Houghton strain (H) of E. tenella to robenidine has been studied in the laboratory, by serially passaging the strain in chickens fed increasing concentrations of drug. Resistance to robenidine developed more readily in experiments using larger numbers of birds with higher numbers of oocysts in the inoculum. Both these factors increased the parasite population and increased the chance of selecting parasites resistant to the drug. E. tenella (H) was made resistant to 264 ppm robenidine and showed no cross-resistance to other anticoccidial agents. Resistance arose in a series of 'steps' as the concentration of drug was increased. E. tenella (H) was continuously passaged at concentrations ranging from 2 to 33 ppm of robenidine. After 16 passages, lines passaged at 2,4 and 8 ppm were not resistant to 33 ppm robenidine, suggesting that the degree of resistance developed was dependent upon the drug selection pressure.
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22
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Abstract
A robenidine-resistant strain of Eimeria maxima was found to be drug-dependent and developed satisfactorily only in birds which were receiving the drug in the diet. Normal parasite development occurred in the presence of 132 ppm of robenidine in the food.
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23
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Kennett RL, Kantor S, Gallo A. Efficacy studies with robenidine, a new type of anticoccidial, in the diet. Poult Sci 1974; 53:978-86. [PMID: 4841684 DOI: 10.3382/ps.0530978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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24
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Ryley JF, Betts MJ. Chemotherapy of chicken coccidiosis. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY AND CHEMOTHERAPY 1973; 11:221-93. [PMID: 4591806 DOI: 10.1016/s1054-3589(08)60459-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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25
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Lee DL, Millard BJ. Fine structural changes in Eimeria tenella, from infections in chick embryos and chickens, after exposure to the anticoccidial drug robenidene. Parasitology 1972; 65:309-16. [PMID: 4680540 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182000045091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The structure of the various stages of Eimeria tenella grown in the chorioallantoic membranes of the chick embryo has been shown to be similar to the stages in the caecum of the bird.
The effects of the anticoccidial drug, Robenidine, on the fine structure of the various stages of E. tenella, grown in the chick embryo and in the caecum of the bird, have been described. The first noticeable change occurs in the endoplasmic reticulum, including the nuclear envelope, and in the Golgi complexes of all stages. The nucleus itself, and the mitochondria, do not appear to be affected by the drug until much later, and this effect is probably due to the degeneration of the cell.
It is suggested that the drug may have a direct effect upon protein metabolism of the parasite, resulting in swelling of the granular endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complexes, or that it may have a primary effect upon some other organelle or metabolic process, and that the swelling of the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complexes is a secondary or tertiary phenomenon.
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26
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27
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Joyner L, Norton C. The Drug Sensitivity of Recently Isolated Strains of Eimeria meleagrimitis and a Laboratory Strain of Eimeria adenoeides in Turkeys to Robcnidcne. Res Vet Sci 1972. [DOI: 10.1016/s0034-5288(18)34042-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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28
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Wong DT, Horng JS, Wilkinson JR. Robenzidene, an inhibitor of oxidative phosphorylation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1972; 46:621-7. [PMID: 4257993 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-291x(72)80185-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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29
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Ryley JF, Wilson RG. Studies on the mode of action of the coccidiostat robenidene. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR PARASITENKUNDE (BERLIN, GERMANY) 1971; 37:85-93. [PMID: 5094004 DOI: 10.1007/bf00259551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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30
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31
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Long PL. Eimeria tenella: chemotherapeutic studies in chick embryos with a description of a new method (chorioallantoic membrane foci counts) for evaluating infections. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR PARASITENKUNDE (BERLIN, GERMANY) 1970; 33:329-38. [PMID: 5436820 DOI: 10.1007/bf00331469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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