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Lin H, Naveed M, Hansen A, Anthony TG, Cao R. The Antihypertensive Guanabenz Exacerbates Integrated Stress Response and Disrupts the Brain Circadian Clock. Clocks Sleep 2023; 5:639-650. [PMID: 37987394 PMCID: PMC10660470 DOI: 10.3390/clockssleep5040043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The circadian clock regulates a variety of biological processes that are normally synchronized with the solar day. Disruption of circadian rhythms is associated with health problems. Understanding the signaling mechanisms that couple cell physiology and metabolism to circadian timekeeping will help to develop novel therapeutic strategies. The integrated stress response (ISR) is activated by the cellular stressors to maintain physiological homeostasis by orchestrating mRNA translation. Aberrant ISR has been found in a number of neurological diseases that exhibit disrupted circadian rhythms and sleep. Recent work has started to uncover a critical role for the ISR in regulating the physiology of the circadian clock. Guanabenz (2,6-dichlorobenzylidene aminoguanidine acetate) is an orally bioavailable α2-adrenergic receptor agonist that has been used as an antihypertensive for decades. Recent studies demonstrated that guanabenz can regulate the ISR. Here, we assessed the effects of guanabenz on cellular and behavioral circadian rhythms using a multidisciplinary approach. We found that guanabenz can induce the ISR by increasing eIF2α phosphorylation in cultured fibroblasts as well as in the mouse brain. The hyperphosphorylation of eIF2α by guanabenz is associated with the shortened circadian period in cells and animals and the disruption of behavioral circadian rhythms in mice. Guanabenz administration disrupted circadian oscillations of the clock protein Per1 and Per2 in the mouse suprachiasmatic nucleus, the master pacemaker. These results uncover a significant yet previously unidentified role of guanabenz in regulating circadian rhythms and indicate that exacerbated ISR activation can impair the functions of the brain's circadian clock by disrupting clock gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Lin
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA;
| | - Muhammad Naveed
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN 55812, USA; (M.N.); (A.H.)
| | - Aidan Hansen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN 55812, USA; (M.N.); (A.H.)
| | - Tracy G. Anthony
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA;
| | - Ruifeng Cao
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA;
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN 55812, USA; (M.N.); (A.H.)
- Department of Neurology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
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Tanaka M, Inoue Y, Imai T, Tanida N, Takahashi K, Hara H. Guanabenz and Clonidine, α2-Adrenergic Receptor Agonists, Inhibit Choroidal Neovascularization. Curr Neurovasc Res 2021; 18:85-92. [PMID: 34011258 DOI: 10.2174/1567202618666210518133634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) with choroidal neovascularization (CNV) is a leading cause of blindness in elderly people. Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF)-drugs are used to treat AMD patients; however, some patients are resistant to these therapies. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate the anti-angiogenic effects of α2-adrenergic agonists, including guanabenz and clonidine. METHODS We evaluated the anti-angiogenic effects of α2-adrenergic agonists in human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (HRMECs). A proliferation assay was conducted, and the migration ratio was evaluated. In a laser-induced CNV model, guanabenz and clonidine were delivered via intraperitoneal injection or implantation of an osmotic pump device. Fourteen days following CNV induction, CNV lesion size and fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) were evaluated. RESULTS Guanabenz and clonidine inhibited VEGF-induced retinal endothelial cell growth and migration. In the CNV model mice, CNV lesion sizes were reduced by intraperitoneal administration of guanabenz or clonidine. Data, including body weight, systolic blood pressure, and heart rate showed that guanabenz (0.5 and 2.0 mg/kg/day) had little effect on these parameters; conversely, a high dose of clonidine (1.0 mg/kg/day) did affect these parameters. Additionally, clonidine did not affect CNV size, but continuous administration of guanabenz attenuated both CNV size and leakage from neovessels. CONCLUSION Our study suggests a key role for α2-adrenergic receptors during CNV formation. Therefore, we suggest that α2-adrenergic receptor agonists may represent novel therapeutic drugs for patients with neovascular AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miruto Tanaka
- Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yuki Inoue
- Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Takahiko Imai
- Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Norifumi Tanida
- Basic Research Laboratories, Research and Development Division, Hisamitsu Pharmaceutical Co., Inc., Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Koichi Takahashi
- Basic Research Laboratories, Research and Development Division, Hisamitsu Pharmaceutical Co., Inc., Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hideaki Hara
- Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
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Gumeni S, Vantaggiato C, Montopoli M, Orso G. Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia and Future Therapeutic Directions: Beneficial Effects of Small Compounds Acting on Cellular Stress. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:660714. [PMID: 34025345 PMCID: PMC8134669 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.660714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) is a group of inherited neurodegenerative conditions that share a characteristic feature of degeneration of the longest axons within the corticospinal tract, which leads to progressive spasticity and weakness of the lower limbs. Mutations of over 70 genes produce defects in various biological pathways: axonal transport, lipid metabolism, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) shaping, mitochondrial function, and endosomal trafficking. HSPs suffer from an adequate therapeutic plan. Currently the treatments foreseen for patients affected by this pathology are physiotherapy, to maintain the outgoing tone, and muscle relaxant therapies for spasticity. Very few clinical studies have been conducted, and it's urgent to implement preclinical animal studies devoted to pharmacological test and screening, to expand the rose of compounds potentially attractive for clinical trials. Small animal models, such as Drosophila melanogaster and zebrafish, have been generated, analyzed, and used as preclinical model for screening of compounds and their effects. In this work, we briefly described the role of HSP-linked proteins in the organization of ER endomembrane system and in the regulation of ER homeostasis and stress as a common pathological mechanism for these HSP forms. We then focused our attention on the pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic features of some recently identified molecules with antioxidant property, such as salubrinal, guanabenz, N-acetyl cysteine, methylene blue, rapamycin, and naringenin, and on their potential use in future clinical studies. Expanding the models and the pharmacological screening for HSP disease is necessary to give an opportunity to patients and clinicians to test new molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sentiljana Gumeni
- Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Chiara Vantaggiato
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Scientific Institute IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Bosisio Parini, Italy
| | - Monica Montopoli
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Genny Orso
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
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4
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Bella ED, Bersano E, Antonini G, Borghero G, Capasso M, Caponnetto C, Chiò A, Corbo M, Filosto M, Giannini F, Spataro R, Lunetta C, Mandrioli J, Messina S, Monsurrò MR, Mora G, Riva N, Rizzi R, Siciliano G, Silani V, Simone I, Sorarù G, Tugnoli V, Verriello L, Volanti P, Furlan R, Nolan JM, Abgueguen E, Tramacere I, Lauria G. The unfolded protein response in amyotrophic later sclerosis: results of a phase 2 trial. Brain 2021; 144:2635-2647. [PMID: 33905493 PMCID: PMC8557337 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awab167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Strong evidence suggests that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) through an altered regulation of proteostasis. Robust preclinical findings demonstrated that guanabenz selectively inhibits ER stress-induced eIF2α-phosphatase allowing misfolded protein clearance, reduces neuronal death and prolongs survival in in vitro and in vivo models. Its efficacy and safety in ALS patients are unknown. To address these issues, we conducted a multicentre, randomised, double-blind trial, with futility design. ALS patients with onset of symptoms within the previous 18 months were randomly assigned to receive in a 1:1:1:1 ratio guanabenz 64 mg, 32 mg, 16 mg or placebo daily for 6 months as add-on therapy to riluzole. The purpose of the placebo group blinding was safety but not efficacy. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients progressing to higher stages of disease in 6 months as measured by the ALS Milano-Torino staging compared to a historical cohort of 200 ALS patients. The secondary outcomes were the rate of decline in ALSFRS-R total score, slow vital capacity change, time to death, tracheotomy or permanent ventilation and serum light neurofilament level at 6 months. The primary analysis of efficacy was performed by intention-to-treat. Guanabenz 64 mg and 32 mg arms, both alone and combined, reached the primary hypothesis of non-futility with proportions of patients who progressed to higher stage of disease at 6 months significantly lower than that expected under the hypothesis of non-futility and significantly lower difference in the median rate of change of the ALSFRS-R total score. This effect was driven by patients with bulbar onset, none of whom (0/18) progressed to a higher stage of disease at 6 months compared with those in guanabenz 16 mg (4/8; 50%), historical cohort alone (21/49; 43%; p = 0.001) or plus placebo (25/60; 42%; p = 0.001). The proportion of patients who experienced at least one adverse event was higher in any guanabenz arm than in the placebo arm, with higher dosing arms having significantly higher proportion of drug-related side effects and the 64 mg arm significantly higher drop-out rate. The number of serious adverse events did not significantly differ between guanabenz arms and placebo. Our findings indicate that a larger trial with a molecule targeting the UPR pathway without the alpha-2 adrenergic related side-effect profile of guanabenz is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Dalla Bella
- 3rd Neurology Unit and Motor Neuron Disease Centre, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico "Carlo Besta", Milan, Italy
| | - Enrica Bersano
- 3rd Neurology Unit and Motor Neuron Disease Centre, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico "Carlo Besta", Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Antonini
- NESMOS Department, Neuromuscolar Disease Unit, Sant'Andrea Hospital and University of Rome "Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Adriano Chiò
- ALS Centre "Rita Levi Montalcini", Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy
| | - Massimo Corbo
- Department of Neurorehabilitaton, Casa Cura Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Filosto
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, ASST Spedali Civili Brescia and NeMO-Brescia Clinical Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, Brescia, Italy
| | - Fabio Giannini
- Department of Medical and Surgery Sciences and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Italy
| | | | | | - Jessica Mandrioli
- Department of Neurosciences, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Sonia Messina
- Unit of Neurology and Neuromuscular Disorders, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and University of Messina, AOU Policlinico "G. Martino", Messina, Italy.,NEuroMuscular Omnicentre of Messina, University Hospital "G. Martino", Messina, Italy
| | | | | | - Nilo Riva
- Department of Neurology IRCCS "San Raffaele" Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Romana Rizzi
- Neurology Unit, Department of Neuro-Motor Diseases, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale, IRCCS of Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Gabriele Siciliano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Neurology Unit, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Silani
- Department of Neurology-Stroke Unit and Laboratory of Neuroscience, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy.,Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, "Dino Ferrari" Centre and Centre for Neurotechnology and Brain Therapeutics, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Isabella Simone
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, University of Bari, Italy
| | - Gianni Sorarù
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padua, Italy
| | - Valeria Tugnoli
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Division of Neurology, University Hospital of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Verriello
- Neurology Unit, S. Maria della Misericordia University Hospital, Udine, Italy
| | - Paolo Volanti
- Intensive Neurorehabilitation Unit, ICS Maugeri IRCCS, Mistretta, Italy
| | - Roberto Furlan
- Clinical Neuroimmunology Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - John M Nolan
- Drew University, Caspersen School of Graduate Studies, Madison, NJ, USA
| | | | - Irene Tramacere
- Scientific Directorate, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico "Carlo Besta", Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Lauria
- 3rd Neurology Unit and Motor Neuron Disease Centre, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico "Carlo Besta", Milan, Italy.,Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "Luigi Sacco", University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Evdokimovskii EV, Jeon R, Park S, Pimenov OY, Alekseev AE. Role of α2-Adrenoceptor Subtypes in Suppression of L-Type Ca 2+ Current in Mouse Cardiac Myocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22084135. [PMID: 33923625 PMCID: PMC8072751 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcolemmal α2 adrenoceptors (α2-AR), represented by α2A, α2B and α2C isoforms, can safeguard cardiac muscle under sympathoadrenergic surge by governing Ca2+ handling and contractility of cardiomyocytes. Cardiomyocyte-specific targeting of α2-AR would provide cardiac muscle-delimited stress control and enhance the efficacy of cardiac malfunction treatments. However, little is known about the specific contribution of the α2-AR subtypes in modulating cardiomyocyte functions. Herein, we analyzed the expression profile of α2A, α2B and α2C subtypes in mouse ventricle and conducted electrophysiological antagonist assay evaluating the contribution of these isoforms to the suppression of L-type Ca2+ current (ICaL). Patch-clamp electro-pharmacological studies revealed that the α2-agonist-induced suppression of ICaL involves mainly the α2C, to a lesser extent the α2B, and not the α2A isoforms. RT-qPCR evaluation revealed the presence of adra2b and adra2c (α2B and α2C isoform genes, respectively), but was unable to identify the expression of adra2a (α2A isoform gene) in the mouse left ventricle. Immunoblotting confirmed the presence only of the α2B and the α2C proteins in this tissue. The identified α2-AR isoform-linked regulation of ICaL in the mouse ventricle provides an important molecular substrate for the cardioprotective targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward V. Evdokimovskii
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Science, Institutskaya 3, 142290 Pushchino, Russia; (E.V.E.); (O.Y.P.)
| | - Ryounghoon Jeon
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Stabile 5, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (R.J.); (S.P.)
| | - Sungjo Park
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Stabile 5, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (R.J.); (S.P.)
| | - Oleg Y. Pimenov
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Science, Institutskaya 3, 142290 Pushchino, Russia; (E.V.E.); (O.Y.P.)
| | - Alexey E. Alekseev
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Science, Institutskaya 3, 142290 Pushchino, Russia; (E.V.E.); (O.Y.P.)
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Stabile 5, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (R.J.); (S.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-507-284-9501
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Ruiz A, Zuazo J, Ortiz-Sanz C, Luchena C, Matute C, Alberdi E. Sephin1 Protects Neurons against Excitotoxicity Independently of the Integrated Stress Response. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6088. [PMID: 32846985 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sephin1 is a derivative of guanabenz that inhibits the dephosphorylation of the eukaryotic initiation factor 2 alpha (eIF2α) and therefore may enhance the integrated stress response (ISR), an adaptive mechanism against different cellular stresses, such as accumulation of misfolded proteins. Unlike guanabenz, Sephin1 provides neuroprotection without adverse effects on the α2-adrenergic system and therefore it is considered a promising pharmacological therapeutic tool. Here, we have studied the effects of Sephin1 on N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor signaling which may modulate the ISR and contribute to excitotoxic neuronal loss in several neurodegenerative conditions. Time-course analysis of peIF2α levels after NMDA receptor overactivation showed a delayed dephosphorylation that occurred in the absence of activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) and therefore independently of the ISR, in contrast to that observed during endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress induced by tunicamycin and thapsigargin. Similar to guanabenz, Sephin1 completely blocked NMDA-induced neuronal death and was ineffective against AMPA-induced excitotoxicity, whereas it did not protect from experimental ER stress. Interestingly, both guanabenz and Sephin1 partially but significantly reduced NMDA-induced cytosolic Ca2+ increase, leading to a complete inhibition of subsequent calpain activation. We conclude that Sephin1 and guanabenz share common strong anti-excitotoxic properties with therapeutic potential unrelated to the ISR.
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Martynowicz J, Doggett JS, Sullivan WJ Jr. Efficacy of Guanabenz Combination Therapy against Chronic Toxoplasmosis across Multiple Mouse Strains. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2020; 64:e00539-20. [PMID: 32540979 DOI: 10.1128/AAC.00539-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii, an obligate intracellular parasite that can cause life-threatening acute disease, differentiates into a quiescent cyst stage to establish lifelong chronic infections in animal hosts, including humans. This tissue cyst reservoir, which can reactivate into an acute infection, is currently refractory to clinically available therapeutics. Recently, we and others have discovered drugs capable of significantly reducing the brain cyst burden in latently infected mice, but not to undetectable levels. In this study, we examined the use of novel combination therapies possessing multiple mechanisms of action in mouse models of latent toxoplasmosis. Our drug regimens included combinations of pyrimethamine, clindamycin, guanabenz, and endochin-like quinolones (ELQs) and were administered to two different mouse strains in an attempt to eradicate brain tissue cysts. We observed mouse strain-dependent effects with these drug treatments: pyrimethamine-guanabenz showed synergistic efficacy in C57BL/6 mice yet did not improve upon guanabenz monotherapy in BALB/c mice. Contrary to promising in vitro results demonstrating toxicity to bradyzoites, we observed an antagonistic effect between guanabenz and ELQ-334 in vivo While we were unable to completely eliminate the brain cyst burden, we found that a combination treatment with ELQ-334 and pyrimethamine impressively reduced the brain cyst burden by 95% in C57BL/6 mice, which approached the limit of detection. These analyses highlight the importance of evaluating anti-infective drugs in multiple mouse strains and will help inform further preclinical studies of cocktail therapies designed to treat chronic toxoplasmosis.
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Anwar A, Mungroo MR, Anwar A, Sullivan WJ, Khan NA, Siddiqui R. Repositioning of Guanabenz in Conjugation with Gold and Silver Nanoparticles against Pathogenic Amoebae Acanthamoeba castellanii and Naegleria fowleri. ACS Infect Dis 2019; 5:2039-2046. [PMID: 31612700 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.9b00263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Brain-eating amoebae cause devastating infections in the central nervous system of humans, resulting in a mortality rate of 95%. There are limited effective therapeutic options available clinically for treating granulomatous amoebic encephalitis and primary amoebic meningoencephalitis caused by Acanthamoeba castellanii (A. castellanii) and Naegleria fowleri (N. fowleri), respectively. Here, we report for the first time that guanabenz conjugated to gold and silver nanoparticles has significant antiamoebic activity against both A. castellanii and N. fowleri. Gold and silver conjugated guanabenz nanoparticles were synthesized by the one-phase reduction method and were characterized by ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry and atomic force microscopy. Both metals were facilely stabilized by the coating of guanabenz, which was examined by surface plasmon resonance determination. The average size of gold nanoconjugated guanabenz was found to be 60 nm, whereas silver nanoparticles were produced in a larger size distribution with the average diameter of around 100 nm. Guanabenz and its noble metal nanoconjugates exhibited potent antiamoebic effects in the range of 2.5 to 100 μM against both amoebae. Nanoparticle conjugation enhanced the antiamoebic effects of guanabenz, as more potent activity was observed at a lower effective concentration (2.5 and 5 μM) compared to the drug alone. Moreover, encystation and excystation assays revealed that guanabenz inhibits the interconversion between the trophozoite and cyst forms of A. castellanii. Cysticdal effects against N. fowleri were also observed. Notably, pretreatment of A. castellanii with guanabenz and its nanoconjugates exhibited a significant reduction in the host cell cytopathogenicity from 65% to 38% and 2% in case of gold and silver nanoconjugates, respectively. Moreover, the cytotoxic evaluation of guanabenz and its nanoconjugates revealed negligible cytotoxicity against human cells. Guanabenz is already approved for hypertension and crosses the blood-brain barrier; the results of our current study suggest that guanabenz and its conjugated gold and silver nanoparticles can be repurposed as a potential drug for treating brain-eating amoebic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Areeba Anwar
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science and Technology, Sunway University, 5 Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, Petaling Jaya, Selangor 47500, Malaysia
| | - Mohammad Ridwane Mungroo
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science and Technology, Sunway University, 5 Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, Petaling Jaya, Selangor 47500, Malaysia
| | - Ayaz Anwar
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science and Technology, Sunway University, 5 Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, Petaling Jaya, Selangor 47500, Malaysia
| | - William J. Sullivan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Naveed Ahmed Khan
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah 26666, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ruqaiyyah Siddiqui
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah 26666, United Arab Emirates
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Claes Z, Jonkhout M, Crespillo-Casado A, Bollen M. The antibiotic robenidine exhibits guanabenz-like cytoprotective properties by a mechanism independent of protein phosphatase PP1:PPP1R15A. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:13478-13486. [PMID: 31337709 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.008857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The aminoguanidine compound robenidine is widely used as an antibiotic for the control of coccidiosis, a protozoal infection in poultry and rabbits. Interestingly, robenidine is structurally similar to guanabenz (analogs), which are currently undergoing clinical trials as cytoprotective agents for the management of neurodegenerative diseases. Here we show that robenidine and guanabenz protect cells from a tunicamycin-induced unfolded protein response to a similar degree. Both compounds also reduced the tumor necrosis factor α-induced activation of NF-κB. The cytoprotective effects of guanabenz (analogs) have been explained previously by their ability to maintain eIF2α phosphorylation by allosterically inhibiting protein phosphatase PP1:PPP1R15A. However, using a novel split-luciferase-based protein-protein interaction assay, we demonstrate here that neither robenidine nor guanabenz disrupt the interaction between PPP1R15A and either PP1 or eIF2α in intact cells. Moreover, both drugs also inhibited the unfolded protein response in cells that expressed a nonphosphorylatable mutant (S51A) of eIF2α. Our results identify robenidine as a PP1:PPP1R15A-independent cytoprotective compound that holds potential for the management of protein misfolding-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zander Claes
- Laboratory of Biosignaling and Therapeutics, KU Leuven Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marloes Jonkhout
- Laboratory of Biosignaling and Therapeutics, KU Leuven Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ana Crespillo-Casado
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, United Kingdom
| | - Mathieu Bollen
- Laboratory of Biosignaling and Therapeutics, KU Leuven Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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Martynowicz J, Augusto L, Wek RC, Boehm SL 2nd, Sullivan WJ Jr. Guanabenz Reverses a Key Behavioral Change Caused by Latent Toxoplasmosis in Mice by Reducing Neuroinflammation. mBio 2019; 10:e00381-19. [PMID: 31040237 DOI: 10.1128/mBio.00381-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii is an intracellular parasite that has infected one-third of humans. The infection is permanent because the replicative form (tachyzoite) converts into a latent tissue cyst form (bradyzoite) that evades host immunity and is impervious to current drugs. The continued presence of these parasitic cysts hinders treatment and leads to chronic infection that has been linked to behavioral changes in rodents and neurological disease in humans. How these behavioral changes occur, and whether they are due to parasite manipulation or the host response to infection, remains an outstanding question. We previously showed that guanabenz possesses antiparasitic activity; here, we show that guanabenz reproducibly lowers brain cyst burden up to 80% in chronically infected male and female BALB/cJ mice when given intraperitoneally but not when administered by gavage or in food. Regardless of the administration route, guanabenz reverses Toxoplasma-induced hyperactivity in latently infected mice. In contrast, guanabenz increases cyst burden when given to chronically infected C57BL/6J mice yet still reverses Toxoplasma-induced hyperactivity. Examination of the brains from chronically infected BALB/cJ and C57BL/6J mice shows that guanabenz decreases inflammation and perivascular cuffing in each strain. Our study establishes a robust model for cyst reduction in BALB/cJ mice and shows for the first time that it is possible to reverse a key behavioral change associated with latent toxoplasmosis. The rescue from parasite-induced hyperactivity correlates with a decrease in neuroinflammation rather than reduced cyst counts, suggesting that some behavioral changes arise from host responses to infection.IMPORTANCE Toxoplasma gondii is a common parasite of animals, including up to one-third of humans. The single-celled parasite persists within hosts for the duration of their life as tissue cysts, giving rise to chronic infection. Latent toxoplasmosis is correlated with neurological dysfunction in humans and results in dramatic behavioral changes in rodents. When infected, mice and rats adapt behaviors that make them more likely to be devoured by cats, the only host that supports the sexual stage of the parasite. In this study, we establish a new mouse model of tissue cyst depletion using a drug called guanabenz and show that it is possible to reverse a key behavior change back to normal in infected animals. We also show that the mechanism appears to have nothing to do with parasite cyst burden but rather the degree of neuroinflammation produced by chronic infection.
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Crespillo-Casado A, Claes Z, Choy MS, Peti W, Bollen M, Ron D. A Sephin1-insensitive tripartite holophosphatase dephosphorylates translation initiation factor 2α. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:7766-7776. [PMID: 29618508 PMCID: PMC5961032 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.002325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The integrated stress response (ISR) is regulated by kinases that phosphorylate the α subunit of translation initiation factor 2 and phosphatases that dephosphorylate it. Genetic and biochemical observations indicate that the eIF2αP-directed holophosphatase, a therapeutic target in diseases of protein misfolding, is comprised of a regulatory subunit, PPP1R15, and a catalytic subunit, protein phosphatase 1 (PP1). In mammals, there are two isoforms of the regulatory subunit, PPP1R15A and PPP1R15B, with overlapping roles in the essential function of eIF2αP dephosphorylation. However, conflicting reports have appeared regarding the requirement for an additional co-factor, G-actin, in enabling substrate-specific dephosphorylation by PPP1R15-containing PP1 holoenzymes. An additional concern relates to the sensitivity of the holoenzyme to the [(o-chlorobenzylidene)amino]guanidines Sephin1 or guanabenz, putative small-molecule proteostasis modulators. It has been suggested that the source and method of purification of the PP1 catalytic subunit and the presence or absence of an N-terminal repeat–containing region in the PPP1R15A regulatory subunit might influence the requirement for G-actin and sensitivity of the holoenzyme to inhibitors. We found that eIF2αP dephosphorylation by PP1 was moderately stimulated by repeat-containing PPP1R15A in an unphysiological low ionic strength buffer, whereas stimulation imparted by the co-presence of PPP1R15A and G-actin was observed under a broad range of conditions, low and physiological ionic strength, regardless of whether the PPP1R15A regulatory subunit had or lacked the N-terminal repeat–containing region and whether it was paired with native PP1 purified from rabbit muscle or recombinant PP1 purified from bacteria. Furthermore, none of the PPP1R15A-containing holophosphatases tested were inhibited by Sephin1 or guanabenz.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Crespillo-Casado
- From the Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, United Kingdom,
| | - Zander Claes
- the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium, and
| | - Meng S Choy
- the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721-0041
| | - Wolfgang Peti
- the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721-0041
| | - Mathieu Bollen
- the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium, and
| | - David Ron
- From the Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, United Kingdom,
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Bella ED, Tramacere I, Antonini G, Borghero G, Capasso M, Caponnetto C, Chiò A, Corbo M, Eleopra R, Filosto M, Giannini F, Granieri E, Bella VL, Lunetta C, Mandrioli J, Mazzini L, Messina S, Monsurrò MR, Mora G, Riva N, Rizzi R, Siciliano G, Silani V, Simone I, Sorarù G, Volanti P, Lauria G. Protein misfolding, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and guanabenz: protocol for a phase II RCT with futility design (ProMISe trial). BMJ Open 2017; 7:e015434. [PMID: 28801400 PMCID: PMC5724081 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-015434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recent studies suggest that endoplasmic reticulum stress may play a critical role in the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) through an altered regulation of the proteostasis, the cellular pathway-balancing protein synthesis and degradation. A key mechanism is thought to be the dephosphorylation of eIF2α, a factor involved in the initiation of protein translation. Guanabenz is an alpha-2-adrenergic receptor agonist safely used in past to treat mild hypertension and is now an orphan drug. A pharmacological action recently discovered is its ability to modulate the synthesis of proteins by the activation of translational factors preventing misfolded protein accumulation and endoplasmic reticulum overload. Guanabenz proved to rescue motoneurons from misfolding protein stress both in in vitro and in vivo ALS models, making it a potential disease-modifying drug in patients. It is conceivable investigating whether its neuroprotective effects based on the inhibition of eIF2α dephosphorylation can change the progression of ALS. METHODS AND ANALYSES Protocolised Management In Sepsis is a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase II clinical trial with futility design. We will investigate clinical outcomes, safety, tolerability and biomarkers of neurodegeneration in patients with ALS treated with guanabenz or riluzole alone for 6 months. The primary aim is to test if guanabenz can reduce the proportion of patients progressed to a higher stage of disease at 6 months compared with their baseline stage as measured by the ALS Milano-Torino Staging (ALS-MITOS) system and to the placebo group. Secondary aims are safety, tolerability and change in at least one biomarker of neurodegeneration in the guanabenz arm compared with the placebo group. Findings will provide reliable data on the likelihood that guanabenz can slow the course of ALS in a phase III trial. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of IRCCS 'Carlo Besta Foundation' of Milan (Eudract no. 2014-005367-32 Pre-results) based on the Helsinki declaration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Dalla Bella
- 3rd Neurology Unit and ALS Centre, IRCCS ‘Carlo Besta’ Neurological Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Irene Tramacere
- Scientific Direction, IRCCS ‘Carlo Besta’ Neurological Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Antonini
- Neuromuscular Disease Unit, Sant’Andrea Hospital and University of Rome ‘Sapienza’, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Borghero
- Neurologic Unit, Monserrato University Hospital, Cagliari University, Cagliari, Italy
| | | | - Claudia Caponnetto
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitatioņ Ophthalmology, Genetics, Mother and Child Disease, IRCCS University Hospital San Martino IST, Genova, Italy
| | - Adriano Chiò
- Department of Neurosciences, ALS Centre, ‘Rita Levi Montalcini’, University of Turin and Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy
| | - Massimo Corbo
- Department of Neurorehabilitation, Casa Cura Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Eleopra
- Neurology Unit, S Maria della Misericordia University Hospital, Udine, Italy
| | | | - Fabio Giannini
- Department of Medical and Surgery Sciences and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Jessica Mandrioli
- Department of Neurosciences, S Agostino-Estense Hospital, Modena, Italy
| | - Letizia Mazzini
- ALS Centre, Neurologic Clinic, Maggiore della Carità University Hospital, Novara;, Italy
| | | | | | - Gabriele Mora
- ALS Center, ‘Salvatore Maugeri’ Clinical-Scientific Institutes, Milan, Italy
| | - Nilo Riva
- Department of Neurology IRCCS ‘San Raffaele’ Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Romana Rizzi
- Neurology Unit, Department of Neuro-Motor Diseases, IRCCS Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Gabriele Siciliano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Neurology Unit, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Silani
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano - Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, "Dino Ferrari" Center, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Isabella Simone
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Gianni Sorarù
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Paolo Volanti
- Intensive Neurorehabilitation Unit, IRCCS ‘Salvatore Maugeri’ Foundation, Mistretta, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Lauria
- 3rd Neurology Unit and ALS Centre, IRCCS ‘Carlo Besta’ Neurological Institute, Milan, Italy
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Perego J, Bourbon C, Chasson L, Laprie C, Spinelli L, Camosseto V, Gatti E, Pierre P. Guanabenz Prevents d-Galactosamine/Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Liver Damage and Mortality. Front Immunol 2017; 8:679. [PMID: 28659918 PMCID: PMC5468566 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Multi-organ failure in response to uncontrolled microbial infection is characterized by low blood pressure accompanied by a systemic over-inflammation state, caused by massive pro-inflammatory cytokines release and liver damage. Recently, the integrated stress response (ISR), characterized by eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α (eIF2α) phosphorylation, was involved with controlling apoptosis in stressed hepatocytes and associated with poor survival to endotoxin challenge. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) alone is able to induce the ISR in hepatocytes and can trigger massive liver damage along with tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) expression. Consequently, drugs interfering with eIF2α phosphorylation may represent potential candidates for the treatment of such pathologies. We, therefore, used Guanabenz (GBZ), a small compound with enhancing eIF2α phosphorylation activity to evaluate its effect on bacterial LPS sensing and endotoxemia. GBZ is confirmed here to have an anti-inflammatory activity by increasing in vitro interleukin-10 (IL-10) production by LPS-stimulated dendritic cells. We further show that in the d-galactosamine (d-galN)/LPS-dependent lethality model, intraperitoneal injection of GBZ promoted mice survival, prevented liver damage, increased IL-10 levels, and inhibited TNF-α production. GBZ and its derivatives could therefore represent an interesting pharmacological solution to control systemic inflammation and associated acute liver failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Perego
- CIML, Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, Marseille, France
| | | | - Lionel Chasson
- CIML, Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, Marseille, France
| | - Caroline Laprie
- CIML, Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, Marseille, France
| | - Lionel Spinelli
- CIML, Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, Marseille, France
| | | | - Evelina Gatti
- CIML, Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, Marseille, France.,Aveiro Health Sciences Program, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (iBiMED), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.,International Associated Laboratory (LIA), CNRS "Mistra", Marseille, France
| | - Philippe Pierre
- CIML, Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, Marseille, France.,Aveiro Health Sciences Program, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (iBiMED), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.,International Associated Laboratory (LIA), CNRS "Mistra", Marseille, France
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Takigawa S, Chen A, Nishimura A, Liu S, Li BY, Sudo A, Yokota H, Hamamura K. Guanabenz Downregulates Inflammatory Responses via eIF2α Dependent and Independent Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:E674. [PMID: 27164082 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17050674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2016] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrated stress responses (ISR) may lead to cell death and tissue degeneration via eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 α (eIF2α)-mediated signaling. Alleviating ISR by modulating eIF2α phosphorylation can reduce the symptoms associated with various diseases. Guanabenz is known to elevate the phosphorylation level of eIF2α and reduce pro-inflammatory responses. However, the mechanism of its action is not well understood. In this study, we investigated the signaling pathway through which guanabenz induces anti-inflammatory effects in immune cells, in particular macrophages. Genome-wide mRNA profiling followed by principal component analysis predicted that colony stimulating factor 2 (Csf2, or GM-CSF as granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor) is involved in the responses to guanabenz. A partial silencing of Csf2 or eIF2α by RNA interference revealed that Interleukin-6 (IL6), Csf2, and Cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox2) are downregulated by guanabenz-driven phosphorylation of eIF2α. Although expression of IL1β and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNFα) was suppressed by guanabenz, their downregulation was not directly mediated by eIF2α signaling. Collectively, the result herein indicates that anti-inflammatory effects by guanabenz are mediated by not only eIF2α-dependent but also eIF2α-independent signaling.
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15
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Nguyen PH, Hammoud H, Halliez S, Pang Y, Evrard J, Schmitt M, Oumata N, Bourguignon JJ, Sanyal S, Beringue V, Blondel M, Bihel F, Voisset C. Structure-activity relationship study around guanabenz identifies two derivatives retaining antiprion activity but having lost α2-adrenergic receptor agonistic activity. ACS Chem Neurosci 2014; 5:1075-82. [PMID: 25244284 DOI: 10.1021/cn5001588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Guanabenz (GA) is an orally active α2-adrenergic agonist that has been used for many years for the treatment of hypertension. We recently described that GA is also active against both yeast and mammalian prions in an α2-adrenergic receptor-independent manner. These data suggest that this side-activity of GA could be explored for the treatment of prion-based diseases and other amyloid-based disorders. In this perspective, the potent antihypertensive activity of GA happens to be an annoying side-effect that could limit its use. In order to get rid of GA agonist activity at α2-adrenergic receptors, we performed a structure-activity relationship study around GA based on changes of the chlorine positions on the benzene moiety and then on the modifications of the guanidine group. Hence, we identified the two derivatives 6 and 7 that still possess a potent antiprion activity but were totally devoid of any agonist activity at α2-adrenergic receptors. Similarly to GA, 6 and 7 were also able to inhibit the protein folding activity of the ribosome (PFAR) which has been suggested to be involved in prion appearance/maintenance. Therefore, these two GA derivatives are worth being considered as drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phu hai Nguyen
- Inserm UMR 1078, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé;
Etablissement Français du Sang (EFS) Bretagne; CHRU Brest,
Hôpital Morvan, Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, 29200 Brest, France
| | - Hassan Hammoud
- Laboratoire d’Innovation
Thérapeutique, UMR7200, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Faculté
de pharmacie, 74, route
du Rhin, 67400 Illkirch, France
| | - Sophie Halliez
- Virologie
Immunologie Moléculaires, UR892, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), 78352 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Yanhong Pang
- Department
of Cell and Molecular Biology, Box-596, BMC, Uppsala University, 751 05 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Justine Evrard
- Inserm UMR 1078, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé;
Etablissement Français du Sang (EFS) Bretagne; CHRU Brest,
Hôpital Morvan, Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, 29200 Brest, France
| | - Martine Schmitt
- Laboratoire d’Innovation
Thérapeutique, UMR7200, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Faculté
de pharmacie, 74, route
du Rhin, 67400 Illkirch, France
| | - Nassima Oumata
- Laboratoire
de Chimie Organique 2, Inserm U1022, Université Paris Descartes, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Jacques Bourguignon
- Laboratoire d’Innovation
Thérapeutique, UMR7200, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Faculté
de pharmacie, 74, route
du Rhin, 67400 Illkirch, France
| | - Suparna Sanyal
- Department
of Cell and Molecular Biology, Box-596, BMC, Uppsala University, 751 05 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Vincent Beringue
- Virologie
Immunologie Moléculaires, UR892, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), 78352 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Marc Blondel
- Inserm UMR 1078, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé;
Etablissement Français du Sang (EFS) Bretagne; CHRU Brest,
Hôpital Morvan, Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, 29200 Brest, France
| | - Frédéric Bihel
- Laboratoire d’Innovation
Thérapeutique, UMR7200, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Faculté
de pharmacie, 74, route
du Rhin, 67400 Illkirch, France
| | - Cécile Voisset
- Inserm UMR 1078, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé;
Etablissement Français du Sang (EFS) Bretagne; CHRU Brest,
Hôpital Morvan, Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, 29200 Brest, France
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Jiang HQ, Ren M, Jiang HZ, Wang J, Zhang J, Yin X, Wang SY, Qi Y, Wang XD, Feng HL. Guanabenz delays the onset of disease symptoms, extends lifespan, improves motor performance and attenuates motor neuron loss in the SOD1 G93A mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neuroscience 2014; 277:132-8. [PMID: 24699224 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.03.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2013] [Revised: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a relentlessly progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by the loss of motor neurons in the motor cortex, brain stem and spinal cord. Currently, there is no cure for this lethal disease. Although the mechanism underlying neuronal cell death in ALS remains elusive, growing evidence supports a crucial role of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in the pathogenesis of ALS. Recent reports show that guanabenz, a novel inhibitor of eukaryotic initiation factor 2α (eIF2α) dephosphorylation, possesses anti-prion properties, attenuates ER stress and reduces paralysis and neurodegeneration in mTDP-43 Caenorhabditis elegans and Danio rerio models of ALS. However, the therapeutic potential of guanabenz for the treatment of ALS has not yet been assessed in a mouse model of ALS. In the present study, guanabenz was administered to a widely used mouse model of ALS expressing copper zinc superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD1) with a glycine to alanine mutation at position 93 (G93A). The results showed that the administration of guanabenz significantly extended the lifespan, delayed the onset of disease symptoms, improved motor performance and attenuated motor neuron loss in female SOD1 G93A mice. Moreover, western blotting results revealed that guanabenz dramatically increased the levels of phosphorylated-eIF2α (P-eIF2α) protein, without affecting total eIF2α protein levels. The results also revealed a significant decrease in the levels of the ER chaperone glucose-regulated protein 78 (BiP/Grp78) and markers of another two ER stress pathways, activating transcription factor 6α (ATF6α) and inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1). In addition, guanabenz increased the protein levels of anti-apoptotic B cell lymphoma/lewkmia-2 (Bcl-2), and down-regulated the pro-apoptotic protein levels of C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), Bcl-2-associated X protein (BAX) and cytochrome C in SOD1 G93A mice. Our findings indicate that guanabenz may represent a novel therapeutic candidate for the treatment of ALS, a lethal human disease with an underlying mechanism involving the attenuation of ER stress and mitochondrial stress via prolonging eIF2α phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- H-Q Jiang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, PR China
| | - M Ren
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261000, PR China
| | - H-Z Jiang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, PR China
| | - J Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, PR China
| | - J Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, PR China
| | - X Yin
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, PR China
| | - S-Y Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, PR China
| | - Y Qi
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, PR China
| | - X-D Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, PR China
| | - H-L Feng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, PR China.
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Abstract
1. The effect of the administration of pertussis toxin (PTX) as well as modulators of different subtypes of K+ channels on the antinociception induced by clonidine and guanabenz was evaluated in the mouse hot plate test. 2. Pretreatment with pertussis toxin (0.25 microg per mouse i.c.v.) 7 days before the hot-plate test, prevented the antinociception induced by both clonidine (0.08-0.2 mg kg(-1), s.c.) and guanabenz (0.1-0.5 mg kg(-1), s.c.). 3. The administration of the K(ATP) channel openers minoxidil (10 microg per mouse, i.c.v.), pinacidil (25 microg per mouse, i.c.v.) and diazoxide (100 mg kg(-1), p.o.) potentiated the antinociception produced by clonidine and guanabenz whereas the K(ATP) channel blocker gliquidone (6 microg per mouse, i.c.v.) prevented the alpha2 adrenoceptor agonist-induced analgesia. 4. Pretreatment with an antisense oligonucleotide (aODN) to mKv1.1, a voltage-gated K+ channel, at the dose of 2.0 nmol per single i.c.v. injection, prevented the antinociception induced by both clonidine and guanabenz in comparison with degenerate oligonucleotide (dODN)-treated mice. 5. The administration of the Ca2+-gated K+ channel blocker apamin (0.5-2.0 ng per mouse, i.c.v.) never modified clonidine and guanabenz analgesia. 6. At the highest effective doses, none of the drugs used modified animals' gross behaviour nor impaired motor coordination, as revealed by the rota-rod test. 7. The present data demonstrate that both K(ATP) and mKv1.1 K+ channels represent an important step in the transduction mechanism underlying central antinociception induced by activation of alpha2 adrenoceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoletta Galeotti
- Department of Preclinical and Clinical Pharmacology, Viale G.B. Morgagni 65, I-50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Carla Ghelardini
- Department of Preclinical and Clinical Pharmacology, Viale G.B. Morgagni 65, I-50134 Florence, Italy
- Author for correspondence:
| | - Maria Cristina Vinci
- Department of Preclinical and Clinical Pharmacology, Viale G.B. Morgagni 65, I-50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Alessandro Bartolini
- Department of Preclinical and Clinical Pharmacology, Viale G.B. Morgagni 65, I-50134 Florence, Italy
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Hamilton CA, Yakubu MA, Howie CA, Jardine E, Reid JL. Desensitization and down-regulation of brain alpha 2-adrenoceptors by centrally acting antihypertensive drugs. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1990; 30 Suppl 1:131S-134S. [PMID: 2176517 PMCID: PMC1368114 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.1990.tb05484.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Rabbits were treated with intravenous clonidine (8 mumol kg-1 day-1), guanabenz (20 mumol kg-1 day-1), rilmenidine (80 mumol kg-1 day-1) or vehicle via osmotic minipumps. After 6 days treatment mean arterial pressure (MAP), pressor responses to intravenous alpha-methyl noradrenaline and depressor responses to intracisternal clonidine were studied, and [3H]-yohimbine binding to forebrain and hindbrain examined in vitro. Clonidine, guanabenz and rilmenidine had similar effects on MAP and caused a similar attenuation of the depressor response to intracisternal clonidine, but only guanabenz attenuated pressor responses to intravenous alpha-methyl noradrenaline. Rilmenidine had no effect on [3H]-yohimbine binding to brain membranes. Clonidine treatment decreased binding in hindbrain while guanabenz treatment decreased binding in both fore- and hindbrain. Thus, the depressor effects of chronic treatment did not correlate with the effects on [3H]-yohimbine binding sites in rabbit brain suggesting that the blood pressure lowering effects of many centrally acting antihypertensive drugs are not necessarily dependent on binding to the alpha 2-adrenoceptor site labelled by [3H]-yohimbine.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Hamilton
- University Department of Materia Medica, Stobhill General Hospital, Glasgow
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