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Peng Z, Iwabuchi S, Izumi K, Takiguchi S, Yamaji M, Fujita S, Suzuki H, Kambara F, Fukasawa G, Cooney A, Di Michele L, Elani Y, Matsuura T, Kawano R. Lipid vesicle-based molecular robots. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:996-1029. [PMID: 38239102 PMCID: PMC10898420 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00860f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
A molecular robot, which is a system comprised of one or more molecular machines and computers, can execute sophisticated tasks in many fields that span from nanomedicine to green nanotechnology. The core parts of molecular robots are fairly consistent from system to system and always include (i) a body to encapsulate molecular machines, (ii) sensors to capture signals, (iii) computers to make decisions, and (iv) actuators to perform tasks. This review aims to provide an overview of approaches and considerations to develop molecular robots. We first introduce the basic technologies required for constructing the core parts of molecular robots, describe the recent progress towards achieving higher functionality, and subsequently discuss the current challenges and outlook. We also highlight the applications of molecular robots in sensing biomarkers, signal communications with living cells, and conversion of energy. Although molecular robots are still in their infancy, they will unquestionably initiate massive change in biomedical and environmental technology in the not too distant future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zugui Peng
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei-shi, Tokyo185-8588, Japan.
| | - Shoji Iwabuchi
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei-shi, Tokyo185-8588, Japan.
| | - Kayano Izumi
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei-shi, Tokyo185-8588, Japan.
| | - Sotaro Takiguchi
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei-shi, Tokyo185-8588, Japan.
| | - Misa Yamaji
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei-shi, Tokyo185-8588, Japan.
| | - Shoko Fujita
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei-shi, Tokyo185-8588, Japan.
| | - Harune Suzuki
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei-shi, Tokyo185-8588, Japan.
| | - Fumika Kambara
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei-shi, Tokyo185-8588, Japan.
| | - Genki Fukasawa
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama 2-12-1, Meguro-Ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Aileen Cooney
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Lorenzo Di Michele
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0AS, UK
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, UK
- FabriCELL, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Yuval Elani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, UK
- FabriCELL, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Tomoaki Matsuura
- Earth-Life Science Institute, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama 2-12-1, Meguro-Ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Ryuji Kawano
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei-shi, Tokyo185-8588, Japan.
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Shklyaev OE, Balazs AC. Interlinking spatial dimensions and kinetic processes in dissipative materials to create synthetic systems with lifelike functionality. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 19:146-159. [PMID: 38057363 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-023-01530-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Biological systems spontaneously convert energy input into the actions necessary to survive. Motivated by the efficacy of these processes, researchers aim to forge materials systems that exhibit the self-sustained and autonomous functionality found in nature. Success in this effort will require synthetic analogues of the following: a metabolism to generate energy, a vasculature to transport energy and materials, a nervous system to transmit 'commands', a musculoskeletal system to translate commands into physical action, regulatory networks to monitor the entire enterprise, and a mechanism to convert 'nutrients' into growing materials. Design rules must interconnect the material's structural and kinetic properties over ranges of length (that can vary from the nano- to mesoscale) and timescales to enable local energy dissipations to power global functionality. Moreover, by harnessing dynamic interactions intrinsic to the material, the system itself can perform the work needed for its own functionality. Here, we assess the advances and challenges in dissipative materials design and at the same time aim to spur developments in next-generation functional, 'living' materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg E Shklyaev
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Anna C Balazs
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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Iijima K, Kaji N, Tokeshi M, Baba Y. Micro- and nanochamber array system for single enzyme assays. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13322. [PMID: 37587179 PMCID: PMC10432523 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40544-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Arrays of small reaction containers, ranging from 624 femtoliters (10-15 L) to 270 attoliters (10-18 L), for capturing a single enzyme molecule and measuring the activity were developed along with a new reversible sealing system based on a pneumatic valve actuator made of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). The valve was actuated by PBS solution, effectively preventing evaporation of the solution from the micro- and nanochambers and allowing the assay to be performed over a long period of time. The hydrolysis rates of β-D-galactosidase (β-gal), kcat, were decreased according to the decrease of the chamber size, and the overall tendency seems to be symmetrically related to the specific surface area of the chambers even under the prevented condition of non-specific adsorption. The spatial localization of the protons in the chambers, which might could affect the dissociation state of the proteins, was also investigated to explain the decrease in the hydrolysis rate. The developed chamber system developed here may be useful for artificially reproducing the confined intracellular environment and molecular crowding conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Iijima
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Noritada Kaji
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.
- Institute of Nano-Life-Systems, Institutes of Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan.
| | - Manabu Tokeshi
- Institute of Nano-Life-Systems, Institutes of Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita-13, Nishi-8, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Baba
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
- Institute of Nano-Life-Systems, Institutes of Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
- Institute for Quantum Life Science, Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100, Shih-Chuan 1st Rd., Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan, ROC
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Wu Y, Fu Y, Guo J, Guo J. Single-molecule immunoassay technology: Recent advances. Talanta 2023; 265:124903. [PMID: 37418954 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Detecting diseases at the molecular level aids in early diagnosis and treatment. However, traditional immunological detection techniques, such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and chemiluminescence, have detection sensitivities between 10-16 and 10-12 mol/L, which are inadequate for early diagnosis. Single-molecule immunoassays can reach detection sensitivities of 10-18 mol/L and can detect biomarkers that are difficult to measure using conventional detection techniques. It can confine molecules to be detected in a small spatial area and provide absolute counting of the detected signal, offering the advantage of high efficiency and accuracy. Herein, we demonstrate the principles and equipment of two single-molecule immunoassay techniques and discuss their applications. It is shown that the detection sensitivity can be improved by 2-3 orders of magnitude compared to common chemiluminescence or ELISA assays. The microarray-based single-molecule immunoassay technique can test 66 samples in 1 h, which is more efficient than conventional immunological detection techniques. In contrast, microdroplet-based single-molecule immunoassay techniques can generate 107 droplets in 10 min, which is more than 100 times faster than a single droplet generator. By comparing the two single-molecule immunoassay techniques, we highlight our personal perspectives on the current limitations of point-of-care applications and future development trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wu
- University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yusheng Fu
- University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiuchuan Guo
- University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
| | - Jinhong Guo
- School of Sensing Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; The M.O.E. Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, The College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, #1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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Song J, Baeg Y, Jeong H, Lee J, Oh D, Hollmann F, Park J. Bacterial Outer Membrane Vesicles as Nano‐Scale Bioreactors: A Fatty Acid Conversion Case Study. ChemCatChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202100778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ji‐Won Song
- Department of Food Science & Engineering Ewha Womans University Seoul 03760 Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonjin Baeg
- Department of Food Science & Engineering Ewha Womans University Seoul 03760 Republic of Korea
| | - Ha‐Yeon Jeong
- Department of Food Science & Engineering Ewha Womans University Seoul 03760 Republic of Korea
| | - Jinwon Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Sogang University Seoul 04107 Republic of Korea
| | - Deok‐Kun Oh
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology Konkuk University Seoul 05029 Republic of Korea
| | - Frank Hollmann
- Department of Biotechnology Delft University of Technology Van der Maasweg 9 2629HZ Delft The Netherlands
| | - Jin‐Byung Park
- Department of Food Science & Engineering Ewha Womans University Seoul 03760 Republic of Korea
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Goto M, Kazama A, Fukuhara K, Sato H, Tamai N, Ito HO, Matsuki H. Membrane fusion of phospholipid bilayers under high pressure: Spherical and irreversible growth of giant vesicles. Biophys Chem 2021; 277:106639. [PMID: 34171580 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2021.106639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Membrane fusion of giant vesicles (GVs) for binary bilayers of unsaturated phospholipids, dioleoylphosphatidyl-ethanolamine (DOPE) having an ability to promote membrane fusion, and its homolog dioleoylphosphatidylcholine (DOPC) having an ability to form GV, was investigated under atmospheric and high pressure. While DOPC formed GVs in the presence of inorganic salts with a multivalent metal ion under atmospheric pressure, an equimolar mixture of DOPE and DOPC formed GVs both in the absence and the presence of LaCl3. We examined the change in size and shape of the GVs of this binary mixture in the absence and presence of LaCl3 as a function of time under atmospheric and high pressure. The size and shape of the GVs in the absence of LaCl3 under atmospheric and high pressure and those in the presence of LaCl3 under atmospheric pressure hardly changed with time. By contrast, the GV in the presence of LaCl3 under high pressure gradually changed in the size and shape with time on a time scale of several hours. Namely, the GV became larger than the original GV due to accelerated membrane fusion and its shape became more spherical. This pressure-induced membrane fusion was completely irreversible, and the growth rate was correlated with the applied pressure. The reason for the GV growth by applying pressure was considered on the basis of thermodynamic phase diagrams. We concluded that the growth is attributable to a closer packing of lipid molecules in the bilayer resulting from their preference of smaller volumes under high pressure. Furthermore, the molecular mechanism of the pressure-induced membrane fusion was explored by observing the fusion of two GVs with almost the same size. From their morphological changes, we revealed that the fusion is caused by the actions of Laplace and osmotic pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Goto
- Department of Bioengineering, Division of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, 2-1 Minamijosanjima-cho, Tokushima 770-8513, Japan
| | - Akira Kazama
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Tokushima University, 2-1 Minamijosanjima-cho, Tokushima 770-8506, Japan
| | - Kensuke Fukuhara
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Tokushima University, 2-1 Minamijosanjima-cho, Tokushima 770-8506, Japan
| | - Honami Sato
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Tokushima University, 2-1 Minamijosanjima-cho, Tokushima 770-8506, Japan
| | - Nobutake Tamai
- Department of Bioengineering, Division of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, 2-1 Minamijosanjima-cho, Tokushima 770-8513, Japan
| | - Hiro-O Ito
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Division of Oral Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 3-8-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Matsuki
- Department of Bioengineering, Division of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, 2-1 Minamijosanjima-cho, Tokushima 770-8513, Japan.
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Wei Z, Li Y, Cooks RG, Yan X. Accelerated Reaction Kinetics in Microdroplets: Overview and Recent Developments. Annu Rev Phys Chem 2020; 71:31-51. [PMID: 32312193 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physchem-121319-110654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Various organic reactions, including important synthetic reactions involving C-C, C-N, and C-O bond formation as well as reactions of biomolecules, are accelerated when the reagents are present in sprayed or levitated microdroplets or in thin films. The reaction rates increase by orders of magnitude with decreasing droplet size or film thickness. The effect is associated with reactions at the solution-air interface. A key factor is partial solvation of the reagents at the interface, which reduces the critical energy for reaction. This phenomenon is of intrinsic interest and potentially of practical value as a simple, rapid method of performing small-scale synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenwei Wei
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA;
| | - Yangjie Li
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA;
| | - R Graham Cooks
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA;
| | - Xin Yan
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77842, USA;
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Alam SB, Yang J, Bustillo KC, Ophus C, Ercius P, Zheng H, Chan EM. Hybrid nanocapsules for in situ TEM imaging of gas evolution reactions in confined liquids. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:18606-18615. [PMID: 32970077 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr05281g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Liquid cell transmission electron microscopy (TEM) enables the direct observation of dynamic physical and chemical processes in liquids at the nanoscale. Quantitative investigations into reactions with fast kinetics and/or multiple reagents will benefit from further advances in liquid cell design that facilitate rapid in situ mixing and precise control over reagent volumes and concentrations. This work reports the development of inorganic-organic nanocapsules for high-resolution TEM imaging of nanoscale reactions in liquids with well-defined zeptoliter volumes. These hybrid nanocapsules, with 48 nm average diameter, consist of a thin layer of gold coating a lipid vesicle. As a model reaction, the nucleation, growth, and diffusion of nanobubbles generated by the radiolysis of water is investigated inside the nanocapsules. When the nanobubbles are sufficiently small (10-25 nm diameter), they are mobile in the nanocapsules, but their movement deviates from Brownian motion, which may result from geometric confinement by the nanocapsules. Gases and fluids can be transported between two nanocapsules when they fuse, demonstrating in situ mixing without using complex microfluidic schemes. The ability to synthesize nanocapsules with controlled sizes and to monitor dynamics simultaneously inside multiple nanocapsules provides opportunities to investigate nanoscale processes such as single nanoparticle synthesis in confined volumes and biological processes such as biomineralization and membrane dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sardar B Alam
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
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de Lange N, Leermakers FAM, Kleijn JM. Step-wise linking of vesicles by combining reversible and irreversible linkers - towards total control on vesicle aggregate sizes. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:6773-6783. [PMID: 32633317 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm00995d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Small vesicle aggregates as a model for primitive cellular assemblies or for application as multi-compartment drug delivery systems recently received a lot of interest, yet controlling the aggregation of vesicles to predetermined aggregate sizes remains quite a challenge. We show that this type of control is possible by using a combination of two different linker systems: streptavidin-biotin and C18-pNIPAm. The latter linker is a thermoresponsive surfactant, which below its lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of 32 °C acts as barrier on the outside of the vesicles preventing aggregation, even in the presence of other linkers. Above the LCST however, C18-pNIPAm collapses, becomes sticky and thus acts as a linker inducing aggregation. By working at low vesicle concentrations and tuning the C18-pNIPAm/lipid ratio, the aggregation is by design limited. When the temperature drops below the LCST again, the aggregation is reversed. However, this is not the case if other linkers are present. The collapse of C18-pNIPAm above the LCST provides close contact between vesicles, allowing other linker molecules to connect them. By combining the reversible 'switch-like' aggregation properties of C18-pNIPAm, with the irreversible linkage between biotinylated lipids and streptavidin, it is possible to control the size of the aggregates step by step using a simple temperature program.
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Affiliation(s)
- N de Lange
- Physical Chemistry & Soft Matter, Wageningen University and Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - F A M Leermakers
- Physical Chemistry & Soft Matter, Wageningen University and Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - J M Kleijn
- Physical Chemistry & Soft Matter, Wageningen University and Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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Kuang M, Wu L, Huang Z, Wang J, Zhang X, Song Y. Inkjet Printing of a Micro/Nanopatterned Surface to Serve as Microreactor Arrays. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:30962-30971. [PMID: 32515181 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c07066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Microreactors are of great importance for chemical reaction screening, nanoparticle synthesis, protein crystallization, DNA detection, organic synthesis, etc. Here, we reported an effective, flexible, and low-cost method for fabricating microreactor arrays by inkjet printing technology. This strategy utilizes the controllable sliding behavior of the three-phase contact line to form hydrophilic-hydrophobic micropatterns for microreactors with sizes low to several hundreds of nanometers. Reactions in the order of 1 × 10-21 mol molecules can be realized in these microreactors, and crystallization processes can also be conducted to synthesize single crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minxuan Kuang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clothing Materials R & D and Assessment, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Textile Nanofiber, School of Materials Design & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Lei Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zhandong Huang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jingxia Wang
- Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interface Sciences, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xiuqin Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clothing Materials R & D and Assessment, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Textile Nanofiber, School of Materials Design & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yanlin Song
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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de Lange N, Leermakers FAM, Kleijn JM. Self-limiting aggregation of phospholipid vesicles. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:2379-2389. [PMID: 32064491 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm01692a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Lipid vesicles are widely used as model systems to study biological membranes. The self-assembly of such vesicles into vesicle pairs provides further opportunity to study interactions between membranes. However, formation of vesicle pairs, while subsequently keeping their colloidal stability intact, is challenging. Here, we report on three strategies that lead to stable finite-sized aggregates of phospholipid vesicles: (i) vesicles containing biotinylated lipids are coupled together with streptavidin, (ii) bridging attraction is exploited by adding cationic polymers (polylysine) to negatively charged vesicles, and (iii) temperature as a control parameter is used for the aggregation of vesicles mixed with a thermo-sensitive surfactant. While each strategy has its own advantages and disadvantages for vesicle pair formation, the latter strategy additionally shows reversible limited aggregation: above the LCST of pNIPAm, vesicle pairs are formed, while below the LCST, single vesicles prevail. Mixing protocols were assessed by dynamic and static light scattering as well as fluorescence correlation spectroscopy to determine under which conditions vesicle pairs dominate the aggregate size distribution. We have strong indications that without subsequent perturbation, the individual vesicles remain intact and no fusion or leakage between vesicles occurs after vesicle pairs have formed.
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Affiliation(s)
- N de Lange
- Physical Chemistry & Soft Matter, Wageningen University and Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - F A M Leermakers
- Physical Chemistry & Soft Matter, Wageningen University and Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - J M Kleijn
- Physical Chemistry & Soft Matter, Wageningen University and Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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Nie H, Wei Z, Qiu L, Chen X, Holden DT, Cooks RG. High-yield gram-scale organic synthesis using accelerated microdroplet/thin film reactions with solvent recycling. Chem Sci 2020; 11:2356-2361. [PMID: 34084396 PMCID: PMC8157326 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc06265c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A closed system has been designed to perform microdroplet/thin film reactions with solvent recycling capabilities for gram-scale chemical synthesis. Claisen-Schmidt, Schiff base, Katritzky and Suzuki coupling reactions show acceleration factors relative to bulk of 15 to 7700 times in this droplet spray system. These values are much larger than those reported previously for the same reactions in microdroplet/thin film reaction systems. The solvent recycling mode of the new system significantly improves the reaction yield, especially for reactions with smaller reaction acceleration factors. The microdroplet/thin film reaction yield improved on recycling from 33% to 86% and from 32% to 72% for the Katritzky and Suzuki coupling reactions, respectively. The Claisen-Schmidt reaction was chosen to test the capability of this system in gram scale syntheses and rates of 3.18 g per h and an isolated yield of 87% were achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honggang Nie
- Aston Labs, Department of Chemistry, Purdue University 560 Oval Drive West Lafayette IN 47906-1393 USA .,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University Beijing 100871 P. R. China
| | - Zhenwei Wei
- Aston Labs, Department of Chemistry, Purdue University 560 Oval Drive West Lafayette IN 47906-1393 USA
| | - Lingqi Qiu
- Aston Labs, Department of Chemistry, Purdue University 560 Oval Drive West Lafayette IN 47906-1393 USA
| | - Xingshuo Chen
- Aston Labs, Department of Chemistry, Purdue University 560 Oval Drive West Lafayette IN 47906-1393 USA
| | - Dylan T Holden
- Aston Labs, Department of Chemistry, Purdue University 560 Oval Drive West Lafayette IN 47906-1393 USA
| | - R Graham Cooks
- Aston Labs, Department of Chemistry, Purdue University 560 Oval Drive West Lafayette IN 47906-1393 USA
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Ivanov I, Lira RB, Tang TYD, Franzmann T, Klosin A, da Silva LC, Hyman A, Landfester K, Lipowsky R, Sundmacher K, Dimova R. Directed Growth of Biomimetic Microcompartments. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 3:e1800314. [PMID: 32648704 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.201800314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Contemporary biological cells are sophisticated and highly compartmentalized. Compartmentalization is an essential principle of prebiotic life as well as a key feature in bottom-up synthetic biology research. In this review, the dynamic growth of compartments as an essential prerequisite for enabling self-reproduction as a fundamental life process is discussed. The micrometer-sized compartments are focused on due to their cellular dimensions. Two types of compartments are considered, membraneless droplets and membrane-bound microcompartments. Growth mechanisms of aqueous droplets such as protein (condensates) or macromolecule-rich droplets (aqueous two phase systems) and coacervates are discussed, for which growth occurs via Ostwald ripening or coalescence. For membrane-bound compartments, vesicles are considered, which are composed of fatty acids, lipids, or polymers, where directed growth can occur via fusion or uptake of material from the surrounding. The development of novel approaches for growth of biomimetic microcompartments can eventually be utilized to construct new synthetic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Ivanov
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Process Systems Engineering, Sandtorstrasse 1, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Rafael B Lira
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Theory and Bio-Systems, Science Park Golm, 14424, Potsdam, Germany
| | - T-Y Dora Tang
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Organization of Cytoplasm & Dynamic Protocellular Systems, Pfotenhauerstrasse 108, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Titus Franzmann
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Organization of Cytoplasm & Dynamic Protocellular Systems, Pfotenhauerstrasse 108, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Adam Klosin
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Organization of Cytoplasm & Dynamic Protocellular Systems, Pfotenhauerstrasse 108, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Lucas Caire da Silva
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Physical Chemistry of Polymers, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Anthony Hyman
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Organization of Cytoplasm & Dynamic Protocellular Systems, Pfotenhauerstrasse 108, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Katharina Landfester
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Physical Chemistry of Polymers, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Reinhard Lipowsky
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Theory and Bio-Systems, Science Park Golm, 14424, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Kai Sundmacher
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Process Systems Engineering, Sandtorstrasse 1, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Rumiana Dimova
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Theory and Bio-Systems, Science Park Golm, 14424, Potsdam, Germany
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14
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Wang R, Zhao H, Zhang X, Zhao X, Song Z, Ouyang J. Metabolic Discrimination of Breast Cancer Subtypes at the Single-Cell Level by Multiple Microextraction Coupled with Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2019; 91:3667-3674. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b05739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruihua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Hansen Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaochao Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xu Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhe Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jin Ouyang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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15
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Mateos-Maroto A, Guerrero-Martínez A, Rubio RG, Ortega F, Martínez-Pedrero F. Magnetic Biohybrid Vesicles Transported by an Internal Propulsion Mechanism. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:29367-29377. [PMID: 30088905 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b09862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Some biological microorganisms can crawl or swim due to coordinated motions of their cytoskeleton or the flagella located inside their bodies, which push the cells forward through intracellular forces. To date, there is no demonstration of synthetic systems propelling at low Reynolds number via the precise actuation of the material confined within an enclosing lipid membrane. Here, we report lipid vesicles and other more complex self-assembled biohybrid structures able to propel due to the advection flows generated by the actuated rotation of the superparamagnetic particles they contain. The proposed swimming and release strategies, based on cooperative hydrodynamic mechanisms and near-infrared laser pulse-triggered destabilization of the phospholipid membranes, open new possibilities for the on-command transport of minute quantities of drugs, fluid or nano-objects. The lipid membranes protect the confined substances from the outside environment during transportation, thus enabling them to work in physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mateos-Maroto
- Departamento de Química-Física , Universidad Complutense de Madrid , Avenida Complutense s/n , Madrid 28040 , Spain
| | - A Guerrero-Martínez
- Departamento de Química-Física , Universidad Complutense de Madrid , Avenida Complutense s/n , Madrid 28040 , Spain
| | - R G Rubio
- Departamento de Química-Física , Universidad Complutense de Madrid , Avenida Complutense s/n , Madrid 28040 , Spain
| | - F Ortega
- Departamento de Química-Física , Universidad Complutense de Madrid , Avenida Complutense s/n , Madrid 28040 , Spain
| | - F Martínez-Pedrero
- Departamento de Química-Física , Universidad Complutense de Madrid , Avenida Complutense s/n , Madrid 28040 , Spain
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16
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Pick H, Alves AC, Vogel H. Single-Vesicle Assays Using Liposomes and Cell-Derived Vesicles: From Modeling Complex Membrane Processes to Synthetic Biology and Biomedical Applications. Chem Rev 2018; 118:8598-8654. [PMID: 30153012 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The plasma membrane is of central importance for defining the closed volume of cells in contradistinction to the extracellular environment. The plasma membrane not only serves as a boundary, but it also mediates the exchange of physical and chemical information between the cell and its environment in order to maintain intra- and intercellular functions. Artificial lipid- and cell-derived membrane vesicles have been used as closed-volume containers, representing the simplest cell model systems to study transmembrane processes and intracellular biochemistry. Classical examples are studies of membrane translocation processes in plasma membrane vesicles and proteoliposomes mediated by transport proteins and ion channels. Liposomes and native membrane vesicles are widely used as model membranes for investigating the binding and bilayer insertion of proteins, the structure and function of membrane proteins, the intramembrane composition and distribution of lipids and proteins, and the intermembrane interactions during exo- and endocytosis. In addition, natural cell-released microvesicles have gained importance for early detection of diseases and for their use as nanoreactors and minimal protocells. Yet, in most studies, ensembles of vesicles have been employed. More recently, new micro- and nanotechnological tools as well as novel developments in both optical and electron microscopy have allowed the isolation and investigation of individual (sub)micrometer-sized vesicles. Such single-vesicle experiments have revealed large heterogeneities in the structure and function of membrane components of single vesicles, which were hidden in ensemble studies. These results have opened enormous possibilities for bioanalysis and biotechnological applications involving unprecedented miniaturization at the nanometer and attoliter range. This review will cover important developments toward single-vesicle analysis and the central discoveries made in this exciting field of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Horst Pick
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering , Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , CH-1015 Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Ana Catarina Alves
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering , Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , CH-1015 Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Horst Vogel
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering , Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , CH-1015 Lausanne , Switzerland
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17
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Tsugane M, Suzuki H. Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction in Giant Unilamellar Vesicles. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9214. [PMID: 29907779 PMCID: PMC6003926 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27547-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We assessed the applicability of giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) for RNA detection using in vesicle reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). We prepared GUVs that encapsulated one-pot RT-PCR reaction mixture including template RNA, primers, and Taqman probe, using water-in-oil emulsion transfer method. After thermal cycling, we analysed the GUVs that exhibited intense fluorescence signals, which represented the cDNA amplification. The detailed analysis of flow cytometry data demonstrated that rRNA and mRNA in the total RNA can be amplified from 10–100 copies in the GUVs with 5–10 μm diameter, although the fraction of reactable GUV was approximately 60% at most. Moreover, we report that the target RNA, which was directly transferred into the GUV reactors via membrane fusion, can be amplified and detected using in vesicle RT-PCR. These results suggest that the GUVs can be used as biomimetic reactors capable of performing PCR and RT-PCR, which are important in analytical and diagnostic applications with additional functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamiko Tsugane
- Department of Precision Mechanics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.,Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS), 5-3-1 Kojimachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Suzuki
- Department of Precision Mechanics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
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18
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Mortensen KI, Tassone C, Ehrlich N, Andresen TL, Flyvbjerg H. How To Characterize Individual Nanosize Liposomes with Simple Self-Calibrating Fluorescence Microscopy. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:2844-2851. [PMID: 29614230 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b05312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Nanosize lipid vesicles are used extensively at the interface between nanotechnology and biology, e.g., as containers for chemical reactions at minute concentrations and vehicles for targeted delivery of pharmaceuticals. Typically, vesicle samples are heterogeneous as regards vesicle size and structural properties. Consequently, vesicles must be characterized individually to ensure correct interpretation of experimental results. Here we do that using dual-color fluorescence labeling of vesicles-of their lipid bilayers and lumens, separately. A vesicle then images as two spots, one in each color channel. A simple image analysis determines the total intensity and width of each spot. These four data all depend on the vesicle radius in a simple manner for vesicles that are spherical, unilamellar, and optimal encapsulators of molecular cargo. This permits identification of such ideal vesicles. They in turn enable calibration of the dual-color fluorescence microscopy images they appear in. Since this calibration is not a separate experiment but an analysis of images of vesicles to be characterized, it eliminates the potential source of error that a separate calibration experiment would have been. Nonideal vesicles in the same images were characterized by how their four data violate the calibrated relationship established for ideal vesicles. In this way, our method yields size, shape, lamellarity, and encapsulation efficiency of each imaged vesicle. Applying this procedure to extruded samples of vesicles, we found that, contrary to common assumptions, only a fraction of vesicles are ideal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim I Mortensen
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology , Technical University of Denmark , Kongens Lyngby , DK-2800 , Denmark
| | - Chiara Tassone
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology , Technical University of Denmark , Kongens Lyngby , DK-2800 , Denmark
| | - Nicky Ehrlich
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology , Technical University of Denmark , Kongens Lyngby , DK-2800 , Denmark
| | - Thomas L Andresen
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology , Technical University of Denmark , Kongens Lyngby , DK-2800 , Denmark
| | - Henrik Flyvbjerg
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology , Technical University of Denmark , Kongens Lyngby , DK-2800 , Denmark
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19
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Perrier DL, Rems L, Boukany PE. Lipid vesicles in pulsed electric fields: Fundamental principles of the membrane response and its biomedical applications. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 249:248-271. [PMID: 28499600 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2017.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The present review focuses on the effects of pulsed electric fields on lipid vesicles ranging from giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) to small unilamellar vesicles (SUVs), from both fundamental and applicative perspectives. Lipid vesicles are the most popular model membrane systems for studying biophysical and biological processes in living cells. Furthermore, as vesicles are made from biocompatible and biodegradable materials, they provide a strategy to create safe and functionalized drug delivery systems in health-care applications. Exposure of lipid vesicles to pulsed electric fields is a common physical method to transiently increase the permeability of the lipid membrane. This method, termed electroporation, has shown many advantages for delivering exogenous molecules including drugs and genetic material into vesicles and living cells. In addition, electroporation can be applied to induce fusion between vesicles and/or cells. First, we discuss in detail how research on cell-size GUVs as model cell systems has provided novel insight into the basic mechanisms of cell electroporation and associated phenomena. Afterwards, we continue with a thorough overview how electroporation and electrofusion have been used as versatile methods to manipulate vesicles of all sizes in different biomedical applications. We conclude by summarizing the open questions in the field of electroporation and possible future directions for vesicles in the biomedical field.
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20
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Guardingo M, Busqué F, Ruiz-Molina D. Reactions in ultra-small droplets by tip-assisted chemistry. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:11617-26. [PMID: 27468750 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc03504c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The confinement of chemical reactions within small droplets has received much attention in the last few years. This approach has been proved successful for the in-depth study of naturally occurring chemical processes as well as for the synthesis of different sets of nanomaterials with control over their size, shape and properties. Different approaches such as the use of self-contained structures or microfluidic generated droplets have been followed over the years with success. However, novel approaches have emerged during the last years based on the deposition of femtolitre-sized droplets on surfaces using tip-assisted lithographic methods. In this feature article, we review the advances made towards the use of these ultra-small droplets patterned on surfaces as confined nano-reactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Guardingo
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, Bellaterra 08193, Barcelona, Spain.
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21
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Impacts of electrical parameters on the electroformation of giant vesicles on ITO glass chips. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2016; 140:560-566. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2015.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Revised: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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22
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Zhang S, Demoustier-Champagne S, Jonas AM. Quantitative Collection and Enzymatic Activity of Glucose Oxidase Nanotubes Fabricated by Templated Layer-by-Layer Assembly. Biomacromolecules 2015; 16:2382-93. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.5b00628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shouwei Zhang
- Institute of Condensed Matter
and Nanosciences - Bio and Soft Matter (IMCN/BSMA), Université Catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 1/L7.04.02, B1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Sophie Demoustier-Champagne
- Institute of Condensed Matter
and Nanosciences - Bio and Soft Matter (IMCN/BSMA), Université Catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 1/L7.04.02, B1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Alain M. Jonas
- Institute of Condensed Matter
and Nanosciences - Bio and Soft Matter (IMCN/BSMA), Université Catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 1/L7.04.02, B1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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23
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Tip-multi-breaking in Capillary Microfluidic Devices. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11102. [PMID: 26077155 PMCID: PMC4468424 DOI: 10.1038/srep11102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
We report tip-multi-breaking (TMB) mode of droplet breakup in capillary microfluidic devices. This new mode appears in a region embraced by Cai = 0 and lg(Cai) = -8.371(Ca0) -7.36 with Ca0 varying from 0.35 to 0.63 on the Cai - Ca0 phase diagram, Cai and Ca0 being the capillary numbers of inner and outer fluids, respectively. The mode is featured with a periodic, constant-speed thinning of the inner liquid tip and periodic formation of a sequence of droplets. The droplet number n in a sequence is determined by and increases with outer phase capillary number, and varies from two to over ten. The distribution of both pinch-off time and size of the droplets in a sequence is a geometric progression of common ratio that depends exclusively on and increases monotonically with the droplet number from its minimum value of 0.5 at n = 2 to its maximum value of 1 as n tends to infinity. These features can help identify the unique geometric morphology of droplet clusters and make them promising candidates for encryption and anti-fake identification.
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24
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fM to aM nucleic acid amplification for molecular diagnostics in a non-stick-coated metal microfluidic bioreactor. Sci Rep 2014; 4:7344. [PMID: 25475544 PMCID: PMC5384283 DOI: 10.1038/srep07344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A sensitive DNA isothermal amplification method for the detection of DNA at fM to aM concentrations for pathogen identification was developed using a non-stick-coated metal microfluidic bioreactor. A portable confocal optical detector was utilized to monitor the DNA amplification in micro- to nanoliter reaction assays in real-time, with fluorescence collection near the optical diffraction limit. The non-stick-coated metal microfluidic bioreactor, with a surface contact angle of 103°, was largely inert to bio-molecules, and DNA amplification could be performed in a minimum reaction volume of 40 nL. The isothermal nucleic acid amplification for Mycoplasma pneumoniae identification in the non-stick-coated microfluidic bioreactor could be performed at a minimum DNA template concentration of 1.3 aM, and a detection limit of three copies of genomic DNA was obtained. This microfluidic bioreactor offers a promising clinically relevant pathogen molecular diagnostic method via the amplification of targets from only a few copies of genomic DNA from a single bacterium.
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25
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Lira RB, Dimova R, Riske KA. Giant unilamellar vesicles formed by hybrid films of agarose and lipids display altered mechanical properties. Biophys J 2014; 107:1609-19. [PMID: 25296313 PMCID: PMC4190656 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2014.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Revised: 08/09/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) are presumably the current most popular biomimetic membrane model. Preparation of GUVs in physiological conditions using the classical electroformation method is challenging. To circumvent these difficulties, a new method was recently reported, by which GUVs spontaneously swell from hybrid films of agarose and lipids. However, agarose is left encapsulated in the vesicles in different amounts. In this work, we thoroughly characterize the mechanical properties of these agarose-GUVs in response to electric pulses, which induce vesicle deformation and can lead to membrane poration. We show that the relaxation dynamics of deformed vesicles, both in the presence and absence of poration, is significantly slowed down for agarose-GUVs when compared to agarose-free GUVs. In the presence of poration, agarose polymers prevent complete pore closure and lead to high membrane permeability. A fraction of the vesicles were found to encapsulate agarose in the form of a gel-like meshwork. These vesicles rupture and open up after electroporation and the meshwork is expelled through a macropore. When the agarose-GUVs are heated above the melting temperature of agarose for 2 h before use, vesicle response is (partially) recovered due to substantial release of encapsulated agarose during temperature treatment. Our findings reveal potential artifactual behavior of agarose-GUVs in processes involving morphological changes in the membrane as well as poration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael B Lira
- Departamento de Biofísica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Theory and Bio-Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Rumiana Dimova
- Department of Theory and Bio-Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Karin A Riske
- Departamento de Biofísica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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26
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Robinson T, Verboket PE, Eyer K, Dittrich PS. Controllable electrofusion of lipid vesicles: initiation and analysis of reactions within biomimetic containers. LAB ON A CHIP 2014; 14:2852-9. [PMID: 24911345 DOI: 10.1039/c4lc00460d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
We present a microfluidic device that is able to trap multiple giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) and initiate electrofusion via integrated microelectrodes. PDMS posts were designed to trap and isolate two or more vesicles. Electrodes patterned onto the glass surface of the microchannels are able to apply a short, high voltage pulse across the traps for controllable electrofusion of the GUVs. The entire array of traps and electrodes are designed such that an average of 60 individual fusion experiments can be performed on-chip. An assay based on Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) is performed to show successful lipid mixing. Not only can the device be used to record the dynamics of lipid membrane fusion, but it can be used for reaction monitoring by fusing GUVs containing reactants. We demonstrate this by fusing vesicles encapsulating femtolitre volumes of cobalt chloride or EDTA and monitoring the amount of the complexation product over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Robinson
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland.
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27
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Cheng M, Wang D, Sun Z, Zhao J, Yang R, Wang G, Yang W, Xie G, Zhang J, Chen P, He C, Liu D, Xu L, Shi D, Wang E, Zhang G. A route toward digital manipulation of water nanodroplets on surfaces. ACS NANO 2014; 8:3955-3960. [PMID: 24645988 DOI: 10.1021/nn500873q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Manipulation of an isolated water nanodroplet (WN) on certain surfaces is important to various nanofluidic applications but challenging. Here we present a digital nanofluidic system based on a graphene/water/mica sandwich structure. In this architecture, graphene provides a flexible protection layer to isolate WNs from the outside environment, and a monolayer ice-like layer formed on the mica surface acts as a lubricant layer to allow these trapped WNs to move on it freely. In combination with scanning probe microscope techniques, we are able to move, merge, and separate individual water nanodroplets in a controlled manner. The smallest manipulatable water nanodroplet has a volume down to yoctoliter (10(-24) L) scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Cheng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
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28
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Yildiz UH, De Hoog HPM, Fu Z, Tomczak N, Parikh AN, Nallani M, Liedberg B. Third-party ATP sensing in polymersomes: a label-free assay of enzyme reactions in vesicular compartments. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2014; 10:442-7, 441. [PMID: 23963775 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201300060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2013] [Revised: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Umit Hakan Yildiz
- Centre for Biomimetic Sensor Science, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 6375532
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29
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Mihut AM, Dabkowska AP, Crassous JJ, Schurtenberger P, Nylander T. Tunable adsorption of soft colloids on model biomembranes. ACS NANO 2013; 7:10752-10763. [PMID: 24191704 DOI: 10.1021/nn403892f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A simple procedure is developed to probe in situ the association between lipid bilayers and colloidal particles. Here, a one-step method is applied to generate giant unilamellar 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC) vesicles (GUVs) by application of an alternating electric field directly in the presence of thermoresponsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) microgels. We demonstrate that the soft PNIPAM microgel particles act as switchable stabilizers for lipid membranes. The change of the particle conformation from the swollen to the collapsed state enables the reversible control of the microgel adsorption as a function of temperature. At 20 °C, the swollen and hydrophilic soft microgel particles adsorb evenly and densely pack in 2D hexagonal arrays at the DOPC GUV surfaces. In contrast, at 40 °C, that is, above the volume phase transition temperature (TVPT = 32 °C) of the PNIPAM microgels, the collapsed and more hydrophobic particles partially desorb and self-organize into domains at the GUV/GUV interfaces. This study shows that thermoresponsive PNIPAM microgels can be used to increase and control the stability of lipid vesicles where the softness and deformability of these types of particles play a major role. The observed self-assembly, where the organization and position of the particles on the GUV surface can be controlled "on demand", opens new routes for the design of nanostructured materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana M Mihut
- Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lund University , 22100 Lund, Sweden
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30
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Wilkop TE, Sanborn J, Oliver AE, Hanson JM, Parikh AN. On-Demand Self-Assembly of Supported Membranes Using Sacrificial, Anhydrobiotic Sugar Coats. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 136:60-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ja410866w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas E. Wilkop
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, California, 95616 United States
| | - Jeremy Sanborn
- Applied
Science Graduate Group, University of California, Davis, California, 95616 United States
| | - Ann E. Oliver
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, California, 95616 United States
| | - Joshua M. Hanson
- Biophysics
Graduate Group, University of California, Davis, California, 95616 United States
| | - Atul N. Parikh
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, California, 95616 United States
- Applied
Science Graduate Group, University of California, Davis, California, 95616 United States
- Biophysics
Graduate Group, University of California, Davis, California, 95616 United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, University of California, Davis, California, 95616 United States
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31
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Hadorn M, Boenzli E, Sørensen KT, De Lucrezia D, Hanczyc MM, Yomo T. Defined DNA-mediated assemblies of gene-expressing giant unilamellar vesicles. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:15309-15319. [PMID: 24294899 DOI: 10.1021/la402621r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The technological aspects of artificial vesicles as prominent cell mimics are evolving toward higher-order assemblies of functional vesicles with tissuelike architectures. Here, we demonstrate the spatially controlled DNA-directed bottom-up synthesis of complex microassemblies and macroassemblies of giant unilamellar vesicles functionalized with a basic cellular machinery to express green fluorescent protein and specified neighbor-to-neighbor interactions. We show both that the local and programmable DNA pairing rules on the nanoscale are able to direct the microscale vesicles into macroscale soft matter assemblies and that the highly sensitive gene-expression machinery remains intact and active during multiple experimental steps. An in silico model recapitulates the experiments performed in vitro and covers additional experimental setups highlighting the parameters that control the DNA-directed bottom-up synthesis of higher-order self-assembled structures. The controlled assembly of a functional vesicle matrix may be useful not only as simplified natural tissue mimics but also as artificial scaffolds that could interact and support living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maik Hadorn
- Center for Fundamental Living Technology (FLinT), Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark , Odense, Denmark
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Christensen AL, Lohr C, Christensen SM, Stamou D. Single vesicle biochips for ultra-miniaturized nanoscale fluidics and single molecule bioscience. LAB ON A CHIP 2013; 13:3613-3625. [PMID: 23856986 DOI: 10.1039/c3lc50492a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
One of the major bottlenecks in the development of biochips is maintaining the structure and function of biomolecules when interfacing them with hard matter (glass, plastics, metals, etc.), a challenge that is exacerbated during miniaturization that inevitably increases the interface to volume ratio of these devices. Biochips based on immobilized vesicles circumvent this problem by encapsulating biomolecules in the protective environment of a lipid bilayer, thus minimizing interactions with hard surfaces. Here we review the development of biochips based on arrays of single nanoscale vesicles, their fabrication via controlled self-assembly, and their characterization using fluorescence microscopy. We also highlight their applications in selected fields such as nanofluidics and single molecule bioscience. Despite their great potential for improved biocompatibility, extreme miniaturization and high throughput, single vesicle biochips are still a niche technology that has yet to establish its commercial relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas L Christensen
- Bionanotechnology and Nanomedicine Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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33
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Wei Z, Han S, Gong X, Zhao Y, Yang C, Zhang S, Zhang X. Rapid Removal of Matrices from Small-Volume Samples by Step-Voltage Nanoelectrospray. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201302870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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34
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Wei Z, Han S, Gong X, Zhao Y, Yang C, Zhang S, Zhang X. Rapid Removal of Matrices from Small-Volume Samples by Step-Voltage Nanoelectrospray. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:11025-8. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201302870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2013] [Revised: 06/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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35
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Shim JU, Ranasinghe RT, Smith CA, Ibrahim SM, Hollfelder F, Huck WTS, Klenerman D, Abell C. Ultrarapid generation of femtoliter microfluidic droplets for single-molecule-counting immunoassays. ACS NANO 2013; 7:5955-64. [PMID: 23805985 DOI: 10.1021/nn401661d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
We report a microfluidic droplet-based approach enabling the measurement of chemical reactions of individual enzyme molecules and its application to a single-molecule-counting immunoassay. A microfluidic device is used to generate and manipulate <10 fL droplets at rates of up to 1.3 × 10(6) per second, about 2 orders of magnitude faster than has previously been reported. The femtodroplets produced with this device can be used to encapsulate single biomolecular complexes tagged with a reporter enzyme; their small volume enables the fluorescent product of a single enzyme molecule to be detected within 10 min of on-chip incubation. Our prototype system is validated by detection of a biomarker for prostate cancer in buffer, down to a concentration of 46 fM. This work demonstrates a highly flexible and sensitive diagnostic platform that exploits extremely high-speed generation of monodisperse femtoliter droplets for the counting of individual analyte molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-uk Shim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, UK, CB2 1EW.
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Carbonell C, Stylianou KC, Hernando J, Evangelio E, Barnett SA, Nettikadan S, Imaz I, Maspoch D. Femtolitre chemistry assisted by microfluidic pen lithography. Nat Commun 2013; 4:2173. [PMID: 23863998 PMCID: PMC3759056 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms3173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemical reactions at ultrasmall volumes are becoming increasingly necessary to study biological processes, to synthesize homogenous nanostructures and to perform high-throughput assays and combinatorial screening. Here we show that a femtolitre reaction can be realized on a surface by handling and mixing femtolitre volumes of reagents using a microfluidic stylus. This method, named microfluidic pen lithography, allows mixing reagents in isolated femtolitre droplets that can be used as reactors to conduct independent reactions and crystallization processes. This strategy overcomes the high-throughput limitations of vesicles and micelles and obviates the usually costly step of fabricating microdevices and wells. We anticipate that this process enables performing distinct reactions (acid-base, enzymatic recognition and metal-organic framework synthesis), creating multiplexed nanoscale metal-organic framework arrays, and screening combinatorial reactions to evaluate the crystallization of novel peptide-based materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Carbonell
- ICN2—Institut Catala de Nanociencia i Nanotecnologia, Esfera UAB, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Kyriakos C. Stylianou
- ICN2—Institut Catala de Nanociencia i Nanotecnologia, Esfera UAB, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Jordi Hernando
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Emi Evangelio
- ICN2—Institut Catala de Nanociencia i Nanotecnologia, Esfera UAB, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Sarah A. Barnett
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OXII ODE, UK
| | - Saju Nettikadan
- NanoInk Inc., Illinois Science and Technology Park, Skokie, IL 60077 USA
| | - Inhar Imaz
- ICN2—Institut Catala de Nanociencia i Nanotecnologia, Esfera UAB, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Daniel Maspoch
- ICN2—Institut Catala de Nanociencia i Nanotecnologia, Esfera UAB, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), 08100 Barcelona, Spain
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37
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Giustini M, Giuliani AM, Gennaro G. Natural or synthetic nucleic acids encapsulated in a closed cavity of amphiphiles. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra23208e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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38
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Wolfs M, Darmanin T, Guittard F. Analogy of morphology in electrodeposited hydrocarbon and fluorocarbon polymers. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ra22307d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Abstract
Eukaryotic life contains hierarchical vesicular architectures (i.e. organelles) that are crucial for material production and trafficking, information storage and access, as well as energy production. In order to perform specific tasks, these compartments differ among each other in their membrane composition and their internal cargo and also differ from the cell membrane and the cytosol. Man-made structures that reproduce this nested architecture not only offer a deeper understanding of the functionalities and evolution of organelle-bearing eukaryotic life but also allow the engineering of novel biomimetic technologies. Here, we show the newly developed vesicle-in-water-in-oil emulsion transfer preparation technique to result in giant unilamellar vesicles internally compartmentalized by unilamellar vesicles of different membrane composition and internal cargo, i.e. hierarchical unilamellar vesicles of controlled compositional heterogeneity. The compartmentalized giant unilamellar vesicles were subsequently isolated by a separation step exploiting the heterogeneity of the membrane composition and the encapsulated cargo. Due to the controlled, efficient, and technically straightforward character of the new preparation technique, this study allows the hierarchical fabrication of compartmentalized giant unilamellar vesicles of controlled compositional heterogeneity and will ease the development of eukaryotic cell mimics that resemble their natural templates as well as the fabrication of novel multi-agent drug delivery systems for combination therapies and complex artificial microreactors.
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Kalinin YV, Murali A, Gracias DH. Chemistry with spatial control using particles and streams(). RSC Adv 2012; 2:9707-9726. [PMID: 23145348 PMCID: PMC3491979 DOI: 10.1039/c2ra20337e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Spatial control of chemical reactions, with micro- and nanometer scale resolution, has important consequences for one pot synthesis, engineering complex reactions, developmental biology, cellular biochemistry and emergent behavior. We review synthetic methods to engineer this spatial control using chemical diffusion from spherical particles, shells and polyhedra. We discuss systems that enable both isotropic and anisotropic chemical release from isolated and arrayed particles to create inhomogeneous and spatially patterned chemical fields. In addition to such finite chemical sources, we also discuss spatial control enabled with laminar flow in 2D and 3D microfluidic networks. Throughout the paper, we highlight applications of spatially controlled chemistry in chemical kinetics, reaction-diffusion systems, chemotaxis and morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yevgeniy V. Kalinin
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Adithya Murali
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - David H. Gracias
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
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Schaefer JJ, Ma C, Harris JM. Confocal Raman microscopy probing of temperature-controlled release from individual, optically-trapped phospholipid vesicles. Anal Chem 2012; 84:9505-12. [PMID: 23043532 DOI: 10.1021/ac302346n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Control of permeability of phospholipid vesicle (liposome) membranes is critical to their applications in analytical sensing, in fundamental studies of chemistry in small volumes, and in encapsulation and release of payloads for site-directed drug delivery. Applications of liposome formulations in drug delivery often take advantage of the enhanced permeability of phospholipid membranes at their gel-to-fluid phase transition, where the release of encapsulated molecules can be initiated by an increase in temperature. Despite numerous successful liposome formulations for encapsulation and release methods to study the kinetics, this process has been limited to investigations of bulk vesicle dispersions, which provide little or no information about the vesicle membrane structure and its relationship to the kinetics of trans-membrane transport. In this work, confocal Raman microscopy is adapted to study temperature-dependent release of a model compound, 3-nitrobenzene sulfonate (3-NBS), from individual optically trapped phospholipid vesicles, while simultaneously monitoring structural changes in the vesicle membrane reported by vibrational modes of phospholipid acyl chains and the local environment of the encapsulated compound. The confocal geometry allows efficient excitation and collection of Raman scattering from a single vesicle, while optical trapping allows more than hour-long observations of the same vesicle. With window factor analysis to resolve component spectra, temperature-controlled release of 3-NBS through vesicle membranes composed of pure 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) was measured and compared to transport through a lysolipid-containing membrane specifically formulated for efficient drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan J Schaefer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112-0850, United States
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Voskuhl J, Wendeln C, Versluis F, Fritz EC, Roling O, Zope H, Schulz C, Rinnen S, Arlinghaus HF, Ravoo BJ, Kros A. Immobilisierung von Liposomen und Vesikeln auf strukturierten Oberflächen mithilfe eines Coiled-Coil-Peptidbindungsmotivs. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201204836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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43
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Voskuhl J, Wendeln C, Versluis F, Fritz EC, Roling O, Zope H, Schulz C, Rinnen S, Arlinghaus HF, Ravoo BJ, Kros A. Immobilization of Liposomes and Vesicles on Patterned Surfaces by a Peptide Coiled-Coil Binding Motif. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:12616-20. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201204836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Destabilizing giant vesicles with electric fields: an overview of current applications. J Membr Biol 2012; 245:555-64. [PMID: 22864479 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-012-9467-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2011] [Accepted: 06/24/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
This review presents an overview of the effects of electric fields on giant unilamellar vesicles. The application of electrical fields leads to three basic phenomena: shape changes, membrane breakdown, and uptake of molecules. We describe how some of these observations can be used to measure a variety of physical properties of lipid membranes or to advance our understanding of the phenomena of electropermeabilization. We also present results on how electropermeabilization and other liposome responses to applied fields are affected by lipid composition and by the presence of molecules of therapeutic interest in the surrounding solution.
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45
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Cecala C, Rubakhin SS, Mitchell JW, Gillette MU, Sweedler JV. A hyphenated optical trap capillary electrophoresis laser induced native fluorescence system for single-cell chemical analysis. Analyst 2012; 137:2965-72. [PMID: 22543409 PMCID: PMC3558031 DOI: 10.1039/c2an35198f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Single-cell measurements allow a unique glimpse into cell-to-cell heterogeneity; even small changes in selected cells can have a profound impact on an organism's physiology. Here an integrated approach to single-cell chemical sampling and assay are described. Capillary electrophoresis (CE) with laser-induced native fluorescence (LINF) has the sensitivity to characterize natively fluorescent indoles and catechols within individual cells. While the separation and detection approaches are well established, the sampling and injection of individually selected cells requires new approaches. We describe an optimized system that interfaces a single-beam optical trap with CE and multichannel LINF detection. A cell is localized within the trap and then the capillary inlet is positioned near the cell using a computer-controlled micromanipulator. Hydrodynamic injection allows cell lysis to occur within the capillary inlet, followed by the CE separation and LINF detection. The use of multiple emission wavelengths allows improved analyte identification based on differences in analyte fluorescence emission profiles and migration time. The system enables injections of individual rat pinealocytes and quantification of their endogenous indoles, including serotonin, N-acetyl-serotonin, 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid, tryptophol and others. The amounts detected in individual cells incubated in 5-hydroxytryptophan ranged from 10(-14) mol to 10(-16) mol, an order of magnitude higher than observed in untreated pinealocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Cecala
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Stanislav S. Rubakhin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Jennifer W. Mitchell
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Martha U. Gillette
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Jonathan V. Sweedler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
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46
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Nishimura K, Suzuki H, Toyota T, Yomo T. Size control of giant unilamellar vesicles prepared from inverted emulsion droplets. J Colloid Interface Sci 2012; 376:119-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2012.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2011] [Revised: 02/14/2012] [Accepted: 02/15/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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47
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JIANG F, YANG J, WANG ZY, HU N, ZHENG XL, XIE L, YANG Z, CHEN J. Study of Liposome Electrofusion on Microelectrode Array Chip. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2040(11)60540-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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48
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Yasuda M, Iida A, Ito S, Miyasaka H. Fluorescence detection of single guest molecules in ultrasmall droplets of nonpolar solvent. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:345-52. [PMID: 22085976 DOI: 10.1039/c1cp22207d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We have investigated emissive behaviours of individual perylenebisimide derivatives, N,N'-dipropyl-1,6,7,12-tetrakis(4-tert-butylphenoxy)-3,4,9,10-perylenetetra-carboxydiimide (BP-PDI), in single ultrasmall droplets of n-octane at room temperature by using confocal and wide-field microscopic techniques. Single BP-PDIs in the small droplets show no distinguishable blinking in the time courses of fluorescence intensity. This is attributed to small probabilities of the formation of the long-lived ionized state leading to the off-state of the fluorescence. Temporal change in the degree of polarization of fluorescence and wide-field fluorescence images indicated short-time adsorption of the fluorescent molecules at the interfaces between n-octane and watery environments. Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy revealed that the adsorption/desorption processes took place at least in two different time scales, probably due to the difference in the adsorption geometry and/or in the interaction, such as van der Waals interaction and hydrogen bonding, between the dye and the interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masakazu Yasuda
- Division of Frontier Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science and Center for Quantum Materials Science under Extreme Conditions, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
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49
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Hsin TM, Wu K, Chellappan G. Magnetically immobilized nanoporous giant proteoliposomes as a platform for biosensing. Analyst 2012; 137:245-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c1an15565b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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50
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Giant Vesicles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-396534-9.00001-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
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