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Hartquist CM, Li B, Zhang JH, Yu Z, Lv G, Shin J, Boriskina SV, Chen G, Zhao X, Lin S. Reversible two-way tuning of thermal conductivity in an end-linked star-shaped thermoset. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5590. [PMID: 38961059 PMCID: PMC11222444 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49354-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Polymeric thermal switches that can reversibly tune and significantly enhance their thermal conductivities are desirable for diverse applications in electronics, aerospace, automotives, and medicine; however, they are rarely achieved. Here, we report a polymer-based thermal switch consisting of an end-linked star-shaped thermoset with two independent thermal conductivity tuning mechanisms-strain and temperature modulation-that rapidly, reversibly, and cyclically modulate thermal conductivity. The end-linked star-shaped thermoset exhibits a strain-modulated thermal conductivity enhancement up to 11.5 at a fixed temperature of 60 °C (increasing from 0.15 to 2.1 W m-1 K-1). Additionally, it demonstrates a temperature-modulated thermal conductivity tuning ratio up to 2.3 at a fixed stretch of 2.5 (increasing from 0.17 to 0.39 W m-1 K-1). When combined, these two effects collectively enable the end-linked star-shaped thermoset to achieve a thermal conductivity tuning ratio up to 14.2. Moreover, the end-linked star-shaped thermoset demonstrates reversible tuning for over 1000 cycles. The reversible two-way tuning of thermal conductivity is attributed to the synergy of aligned amorphous chains, oriented crystalline domains, and increased crystallinity by elastically deforming the end-linked star-shaped thermoset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chase M Hartquist
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Buxuan Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - James H Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Zhaohan Yu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Guangxin Lv
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jungwoo Shin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Svetlana V Boriskina
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Xuanhe Zhao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Shaoting Lin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
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2
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Su Y, He Z, Jiang R, Zhang J. Observation of Linear Magnetoresistance in MoO 2. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:915. [PMID: 38869538 PMCID: PMC11173525 DOI: 10.3390/nano14110915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Magnetoresistance, the change in resistance with applied magnetic fields, is crucial to the magnetic sensor technology. Linear magnetoresistance has been intensively studied in semimetals and semiconductors. However, the air-stable oxides with a large linear magnetoresistance are highly desirable but remain to be fully explored. In this paper, we report the direct observation of linear magnetoresistance in polycrystalline MoO2 without any sign of saturation up to 7 T under 50 K. Interestingly, the linear magnetoresistance reaches as large as 1500% under 7 T at 2 K. The linear field dependence is in great contrast to the parabolic behavior observed in single-crystal MoO2, probably due to phonon scattering near the grain boundaries. Our results pave the way to comprehending magneto-transport behavior in oxides and their potential applications in magnetic sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Su
- Marine Engineering College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China; (Z.H.); (R.J.); (J.Z.)
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3
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Xie Y, Guo F, Tong W, Chang H. Magnetic Field-driven Insulator-Metal Transition and Colossal Magnetoresistance of Metamagnetic Semiconductor Mercury Thiodichromite Crystals. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:4160-4167. [PMID: 38388157 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c03969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
A facile method is developed to efficiently prepare metamagnetic mercury thiodichromite (HgCr2S4, HCS) polycrystals and single crystals, and their transport properties are studied. The resistivity of the as-prepared HCS polycrystal shows a semiconducting behavior and no magnetic field dependence in the whole temperature range. In contrast, the annealing treatment of the HCS polycrystal induces gigantic changes: an insulator-metal transition is driven by a magnetic field of 5 T, leading to colossal magnetoresistance (CMR) as high as ∼104. The HCS single crystal grown by a newly developed facile method displays similar properties with a larger CMR up to 106-107. First-principles calculation demonstrates a large spin splitting of band structures, providing the possibility of magnetic polaron existence, which is further evidenced by electron spin resonance spectra. Thus, the insulator-metal transition and CMR can be explained in a magnetic polaronic scenario. This work opens a new window for CMR-based spintronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanmiao Xie
- School of Microelectronic and Material Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, LiuZhou 545006, China
- Liuzhou Key Laboratory of New Energy Vehicle Power Lithium Battery, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, LiuZhou 545006, China
| | - Fei Guo
- School of Microelectronic and Material Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, LiuZhou 545006, China
- Liuzhou Key Laboratory of New Energy Vehicle Power Lithium Battery, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, LiuZhou 545006, China
| | - Wei Tong
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Haixin Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Material Process and Die & Mold Technology, School of Material Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
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4
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Hu Y, Liang J, Gu Y, Yang S, Zhang W, Tie Z, Ma J, Jin Z. Sandwiched Epitaxy Growth of 2D Single-Crystalline Hexagonal Bismuthene Nanoflakes for Electrocatalytic CO 2 Reduction. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:10512-10521. [PMID: 37930183 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c03310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) bismuthene is predicted to possess intriguing physical properties, but its preparation remains challenging due to the high surface energy constraint. Herein, we report a sandwiched epitaxy growth strategy for the controllable preparation of 2D bismuthene between a Cu foil substrate and a h-BN covering layer. The top h-BN layer plays a crucial role in suppressing the structural transformation of bismuthene and compensating for the charge transfer from the bismuthene to the Cu(111) surface. The bismuthene nanoflakes present a superior thermal stability up to 500 °C in air, attributed to the passivation effect of the h-BN layer. Moreover, the bismuthene nanoflakes demonstrate an ultrahigh faradaic efficiency of 96.3% for formate production in the electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction, which is among the highest reported for Bi-based electrocatalysts. This study offers a promising approach to simultaneously synthesize and protect 2D bismuthene nanoflakes, which can be extended to other 2D materials with a high surface energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P. R. China
| | - Junchuan Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P. R. China
| | - Yuming Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P. R. China
| | - Songyuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P. R. China
| | - Wenjun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P. R. China
| | - Zuoxiu Tie
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P. R. China
- Jiangsu BTR Nano Technology Co., Ltd., Changzhou, Jiangsu 213200, P. R. China
- Nanjing Tieming Energy Technology Co., Ltd., Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, P. R. China
- Suzhou Tierui New Energy Technology Co., Ltd., Suzhou, Jiangsu 215228, P. R. China
| | - Jing Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P. R. China
| | - Zhong Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P. R. China
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5
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Geng L, Du Q, Li M, Yin B, Luo Z, Zhao J. The s-p Nonhybrid Nature Causes Adaptive Superatomic States of Bismuth Clusters. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202300167. [PMID: 37358027 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202300167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
We report a joint experimental and theoretical study on the stability and reactivity of Bin + (n=5-33) clusters. The alternating odd-even effect on the reaction rates of Bin + clusters with NO is observed, and Bi7 + finds the most inertness. First-principles calculation results reveal that the lowest energy structures of Bi6-9 + exhibit quasi-spherical geometry pertaining to the jellium shell model; however, the Bin + (n≥10) clusters adopt assembly structures. The prominent stability of Bi7 + is associated with its highly symmetric structure and superatomic states with a magic number of 34e closed shell. For the first time, we demonstrate that the unique s-p nonhybrid feature in bismuth rationalizes the stability of Bi6-9 + clusters within the jellium model, by filling the 6s electrons into the superatomic orbitals (forming "s-band"). Interestingly, the stability of 18e "s-band" coincides with the compact structure for Bin + at n≤9 but assembly structures for n≥10, showing an accommodation of the s electrons to the geometric structure. The atomic p-orbitals also allow to form superatomic orbitals at higher energy levels, contributing to the preferable structures of tridentate binding units. We illustrate the s-p nonhybrid nature accommodates the structure and superatomic states of bismuth clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Geng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS) State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Qiuying Du
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 11602, P. R. China
| | - Mengxu Li
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 11602, P. R. China
| | - Baoqi Yin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS) State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Zhixun Luo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS) State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jijun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 11602, P. R. China
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6
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Meng M, Liu S, Song D, Zhang X, Du H, Huang H, Liu H, Sun Z, Mei C, Yang H, Tian H, Lu Y, Zhang Y, Li J, Zhao Y. Magnetotransport property of oxygen-annealed Fe 1+yTe thin films. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2023; 35:305701. [PMID: 37102208 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/acce15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Fe-based superconductors are one of the current research focuses. FeTe is unique in the series of FeSe1-xTex, since it is nonsuperconducting near the FeTe side in the phase diagram in contrast to the presence of superconductivity in other region. However, FeTe thin films become superconducting after oxygen annealing and the mechanism remains elusive. Here, we report the temperature dependences of resistivity, Hall effect and magnetoresistance (MR) of a series of FeTe thin films with different amounts of excess Fe and oxygen. These properties show dramatic changes with excess Fe and oxygen incorporation. We found the Hall coefficients are positive for the oxygen-annealed samples, in contrast to the transition from positive to negative below 50 K for the vacuum-annealed samples. For all samples, both the resistivity and Hall coefficient show a dramatic drop, respectively, at around 50 K-75 K, implying coexistence of superconductivity and antiferromagnetic order for the oxygen-annealed samples. The vacuum-annealed samples show both positive and negative values of MR depending on temperature, while negative MR dominates for the oxygen-annealed samples. We also found that oxygen annealing reduces the excess Fe in FeTe, which has been neglected before. The results are discussed in terms of several contributions, and a comparison is made between the oxygen-annealed FeTe thin films and FeSe1-xTex. This work is helpful for shedding light on the understanding of oxygen-annealed FeTe thin films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Meng
- Department of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
- Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Siqian Liu
- Department of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
- Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongsheng Song
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
- Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Haifeng Du
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions, High Magnetic Field Laboratory of Chinese Academy of Sciences, and University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230031, People's Republic of China
| | - Haoliang Huang
- Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Huaying Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Special Artificial Microstructure Materials and Technology, School of Physics Science and engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhangao Sun
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenguang Mei
- Department of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
- Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Huaixin Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Huanfang Tian
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Yalin Lu
- Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuzhong Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Special Artificial Microstructure Materials and Technology, School of Physics Science and engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianqi Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Yonggang Zhao
- Department of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
- Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
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7
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Switzer JA, Banik A. Epitaxial Electrodeposition of Ordered Inorganic Materials. Acc Chem Res 2023. [PMID: 37093217 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.3c00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
ConspectusThe quality of technological materials generally improves as the crystallographic order is increased. This is particularly true in semiconductor materials, as evidenced by the huge impact that bulk single crystals of silicon have had on electronics. Another approach to producing highly ordered materials is the epitaxial growth of crystals on a single-crystal surface that determines their orientation. Epitaxy can be used to produce films and nanostructures of materials with a level of perfection that approaches that of single crystals. It may be used to produce materials that cannot be grown as large single crystals due to either economic or technical constraints. Epitaxial growth is typically limited to ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) techniques such as molecular beam epitaxy and other vapor deposition methods. In this Account, we will discuss the use of electrodeposition to produce epitaxial films of inorganic materials in aqueous solution under ambient conditions. In addition to lower capital costs than UHV deposition, electrodeposition offers additional levels of control due to solution additives that may adsorb on the surface, solution pH, and, especially, the applied overpotential. We show, for instance, that chiral morphologies of the achiral materials CuO and calcite can be produced by electrodepositing the materials in the presence of chiral agents such as tartaric acid.Inorganic compound materials are electrodeposited by an electrochemical-chemical mechanism in which solution precursors are electrochemically oxidized or reduced in the presence of molecules or ions that react with the redox product to form an insoluble species that deposits on the electrode surface. We present examples of reaction schemes for the electrodeposition of transparent hole conductors such as CuI and CuSCN, the magnetic material Fe3O4, oxygen evolution catalysts such as Co(OH)2, CoOOH, and Co3O4, and the n-type semiconducting oxide ZnO. These materials can all be electrodeposited as epitaxial films or nanostructures onto single-crystal surfaces. Examples of epitaxial growth are given for the growth of films of CuI(111) on Si(111) and nanowires of CuSCN(001) on Au(111). Both are large mismatch systems, and the epitaxy is explained by invoking coincidence site lattices in which x unit meshes of the film overlap with y unit meshes of the substrate.We also discuss the epitaxial lift-off of single-crystal-like foils of metals such as Au(111) and Cu(100) that can be used as flexible substrates for the epitaxial growth of semiconductors. The metals are grown on a Si wafer with a sacrificial SiOx interlayer that can be removed by chemical etching. The goal is to move beyond the planar structure of conventional Si-based chips to produce flexible electronic devices such as wearable solar cells, sensors, and flexible displays. A scheme is shown for the epitaxial lift-off of wafer-scale foils of the transparent hole conductor CuSCN.Finally, we offer some perspectives on possible future work in this area. One question we have not answered in our previous work is whether these epitaxial films and nanostructures can be grown with the level of perfection that is achieved in UHV. Another area that is ripe for exploration is the epitaxial electrodeposition of metal-organic framework materials from solution precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay A Switzer
- Department of Chemistry and Graduate Center for Materials Research, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409-1170, United States
| | - Avishek Banik
- Department of Chemistry and Graduate Center for Materials Research, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409-1170, United States
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8
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Xin N, Lourembam J, Kumaravadivel P, Kazantsev AE, Wu Z, Mullan C, Barrier J, Geim AA, Grigorieva IV, Mishchenko A, Principi A, Fal'ko VI, Ponomarenko LA, Geim AK, Berdyugin AI. Giant magnetoresistance of Dirac plasma in high-mobility graphene. Nature 2023; 616:270-274. [PMID: 37045919 PMCID: PMC10097601 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-05807-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
The most recognizable feature of graphene's electronic spectrum is its Dirac point, around which interesting phenomena tend to cluster. At low temperatures, the intrinsic behaviour in this regime is often obscured by charge inhomogeneity1,2 but thermal excitations can overcome the disorder at elevated temperatures and create an electron-hole plasma of Dirac fermions. The Dirac plasma has been found to exhibit unusual properties, including quantum-critical scattering3-5 and hydrodynamic flow6-8. However, little is known about the plasma's behaviour in magnetic fields. Here we report magnetotransport in this quantum-critical regime. In low fields, the plasma exhibits giant parabolic magnetoresistivity reaching more than 100 per cent in a magnetic field of 0.1 tesla at room temperature. This is orders-of-magnitude higher than magnetoresistivity found in any other system at such temperatures. We show that this behaviour is unique to monolayer graphene, being underpinned by its massless spectrum and ultrahigh mobility, despite frequent (Planckian limit) scattering3-5,9-14. With the onset of Landau quantization in a magnetic field of a few tesla, where the electron-hole plasma resides entirely on the zeroth Landau level, giant linear magnetoresistivity emerges. It is nearly independent of temperature and can be suppressed by proximity screening15, indicating a many-body origin. Clear parallels with magnetotransport in strange metals12-14 and so-called quantum linear magnetoresistance predicted for Weyl metals16 offer an interesting opportunity to further explore relevant physics using this well defined quantum-critical two-dimensional system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Xin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - James Lourembam
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Piranavan Kumaravadivel
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - A E Kazantsev
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Zefei Wu
- National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Ciaran Mullan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Julien Barrier
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Alexandra A Geim
- National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - I V Grigorieva
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - A Mishchenko
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - A Principi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - V I Fal'ko
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - L A Ponomarenko
- Department of Physics, University of Lancaster, Lancaster, UK.
| | - A K Geim
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
- National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Alexey I Berdyugin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
- National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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9
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Zhu Y, Jiang Q, Zhang J, Ma Y. Recent Progress of Organic Semiconductor Materials in Spintronics. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202201125. [PMID: 36510771 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202201125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Spintronics, a new discipline focusing on the spin-dependent transport process of electrons, has been developing rapidly. Spin valves are the most significant carriers of spintronics utilizing the spin freedom of electrons. It is expected to pierce "Moore's Law" and become the core component in processors of the next generation. Organic semiconductors advance in their adjustable band gap, weak spin-orbit coupling and hyperfine interaction, excellent film-forming property, having enormous promise for spin valves. Here, the principle of spin valves is introduced, and the history and progress in organic spin injection and transport materials are summarized. Then we analyze the influence of spinterface on device performance and introduce reliable methods of constructing organic spin valves. Finally, the challenges for spin valves are discussed, and the future is proposed. We aim to draw the attention of researchers to organic spin valves and promote further research in spintronics through this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanuo Zhu
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Qinglin Jiang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Jiang Zhang
- Department of Physics, South China University of Technology 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Yuguang Ma
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510640, P. R. China
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10
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Lu H, Liu W, Wang H, Liu X, Zhang Y, Yang D, Pi X. Molecular beam epitaxy growth and scanning tunneling microscopy study of 2D layered materials on epitaxial graphene/silicon carbide. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 34:132001. [PMID: 36563353 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/acae28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Since the advent of atomically flat graphene, two-dimensional (2D) layered materials have gained extensive interest due to their unique properties. The 2D layered materials prepared on epitaxial graphene/silicon carbide (EG/SiC) surface by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) have high quality, which can be directly applied without further transfer to other substrates. Scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy (STM/STS) with high spatial resolution and high-energy resolution are often used to study the morphologies and electronic structures of 2D layered materials. In this review, recent progress in the preparation of various 2D layered materials that are either monoelemental or transition metal dichalcogenides on EG/SiC surface by MBE and their STM/STS investigations are introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials & School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Advanced Semiconductors & Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Power Semiconductor Materials and Devices, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311200, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenji Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials & School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Haolin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials & School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials & School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Advanced Semiconductors & Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Power Semiconductor Materials and Devices, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311200, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiqiang Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering & College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Deren Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials & School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Advanced Semiconductors & Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Power Semiconductor Materials and Devices, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311200, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Pi
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials & School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Advanced Semiconductors & Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Power Semiconductor Materials and Devices, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311200, People's Republic of China
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11
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Zhao X, Liu D, Gao M, Yan XW, Ma F, Lu ZY. A two-dimensional topological nodal-line material MgN 4 with extremely large magnetoresistance. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:14191-14198. [PMID: 36125028 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr02873e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Using first-principles calculations, we predict a stable two-dimensional atomically thin material MgN4. This material has a perfect intrinsic electron-hole compensation characteristic with high carrier mobility, making it a promising candidate material with extremely large magnetoresistance. As the magnetic field increases, the magnetoresistance of the monolayer MgN4 will show a quadratic dependence on the strength of the magnetic field without saturation. Furthermore, nontrivial topological properties are also found in this material. In the absence of spin-orbit coupling, the monolayer MgN4 belongs to a topological nodal-line material, in which the band crossings form a closed saddle-shape nodal-ring near the Fermi level in the Brillouin zone. Once the spin-orbit coupling is considered, a small local energy gap is opened along the nodal ring, resulting in a topological insulator defined on a curved Fermi surface with 2 = 1. The combination of two-dimensional single-atomic-layer thickness, an extremely large magnetoresistance effect, and topological non-trivial properties in the monolayer MgN4 makes it an excellent platform for designing novel multi-functional devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlei Zhao
- The Center for Advanced Quantum Studies and Department of Physics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Dapeng Liu
- College of Physics and Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Shandong 273165, China.
| | - Miao Gao
- Department of Physics, School of Physical Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Xun-Wang Yan
- College of Physics and Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Shandong 273165, China.
| | - Fengjie Ma
- The Center for Advanced Quantum Studies and Department of Physics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Zhong-Yi Lu
- Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
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12
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Niu R, Zhu WK. Materials and possible mechanisms of extremely large magnetoresistance: a review. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2021; 34:113001. [PMID: 34794134 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac3b24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Magnetoresistance (MR) is a characteristic that the resistance of a substance changes with the external magnetic field, reflecting various physical origins and microstructures of the substance. A large MR, namely a huge response to a low external field, has always been a useful functional feature in industrial technology and a core goal pursued by physicists and materials scientists. Conventional large MR materials are mainly manganites, whose colossal MR (CMR) can be as high as -90%. The dominant mechanism is attributed to spin configuration aligned by the external field, which reduces magnetic scattering and thus resistance. In recent years, some new systems have shown an extremely large unsaturated MR (XMR). Unlike ordinary metals, the positive MR of these systems can reach 103%-108% and is persistent under super high magnetic fields. The XMR materials are mainly metals or semimetals, distributed in high-mobility topological or non-topological systems, and some are magnetic, which suggests a wide range of application scenarios. Various mechanisms have been proposed for the potential physical origin of XMR, including electron-hole compensation, steep band, ultrahigh mobility, high residual resistance ratio, topological fermions, etc. It turns out that some mechanisms play a leading role in certain systems, while more are far from clearly defined. In addition, the researches on XMR are largely overlapped or closely correlated with other recently rising physics and materials researches, such as topological matters and two-dimensional (2D) materials, which makes elucidating the mechanism of XMR even more important. Moreover, the disclosed novel properties will lay a broad and solid foundation for the design and development of functional devices. In this review, we will discuss several aspects in the following order: (I) introduction, (II) XMR materials and classification, (III) proposed mechanisms for XMR, (IV) correlation with other systems (featured), and (V) conclusions and outlook.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Niu
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - W K Zhu
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, People's Republic of China
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13
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Leng D, Wang T, Li Y, Huang Z, Wang H, Wan Y, Pei X, Wang J. Plasmonic Bismuth Nanoparticles: Thiolate Pyrolysis Synthesis, Size-Dependent LSPR Property, and Their Oxidation Behavior. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:17258-17267. [PMID: 34708656 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c02621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Plasmonics, especially the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) in non-noble metal bismuth nanoparticles (Bi NPs), and its spectral features and applications have stimulated increasing research interest in recent years. However, the lack of mature methods to prepare Bi NPs with a well-controlled size and/or shape significantly limits the experimental investigations concerning the LSPR optical properties. Herein, we realize the size-tunable synthesis of nearly monodisperse spherical Bi NPs through a thiolate pyrolysis reaction in solution. The instantaneous thermolysis of a layered molecular intermediate, bismuth dodecanethiolate [Bi(SC12H25)3], results in a classical LaMer mechanism for the nucleation and growth of Bi NPs, allowing for a precise size control from 65 to 205 nm in the average diameter. The diameter tunability enables a systematic study on the size dependence of LSPR optical properties of Bi NPs, and we observe rich ultraviolet-visible-near-infrared spectral responses arising from the LSPR absorption and scattering of Bi NPs as their size varies, which will greatly benefit the light harvesting and manipulation in the solar spectrum. Furthermore, we find that a complete oxidation occurs to Bi NPs under air flow at the temperature when they melt and accordingly generate metastable tetragonal-phase β-Bi2O3 NPs that show an optical band gap of 2.15 eV and interesting temperature-dependent β → α → δ → (γ + β) polymorphic transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dehui Leng
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Tingting Wang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - YingFen Li
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Zibin Huang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Huimin Wang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Yixin Wan
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Xiaoxiao Pei
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Junli Wang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
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14
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Joh H, Fan DE. Materials and Schemes of Multimodal Reconfigurable Micro/Nanomachines and Robots: Review and Perspective. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2101965. [PMID: 34410023 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202101965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Mechanically programmable, reconfigurable micro/nanoscale materials that can dynamically change their mechanical properties or behaviors, or morph into distinct assemblies or swarms in response to stimuli have greatly piqued the interest of the science community due to their unprecedented potentials in both fundamental research and technological applications. To date, a variety of designs of hard and soft materials, as well as actuation schemes based on mechanisms including chemical reactions and magnetic, acoustic, optical, and electric stimuli, have been reported. Herein, state-of-the-art micro/nanostructures and operation schemes for multimodal reconfigurable micro/nanomachines and swarms, as well as potential new materials and working principles, challenges, and future perspectives are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyungmok Joh
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Donglei Emma Fan
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
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15
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Influence of Bi3+ doping on structural, optical and photocatalytic degradation properties of NiWO4 nanocrystals. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2020.121892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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16
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Sun X, Zhao H, Chen J, Zhong W, Zhu B, Tao L. Effects of the thickness and laser irradiation on the electrical properties of e-beam evaporated 2D bismuth. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:2648-2657. [PMID: 33496296 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr06062c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) bismuth is expected to yield exotic electrical properties for various nanoelectronics, despite the difficulty in large-area preparation and property tuning directly on a device substrate. This work reports electron beam (e-beam) evaporation of large-area 2D bismuth directly on SiO2/Si with an electrical conductivity of ∼105 S m-1 and a field effect carrier mobility of ∼235 cm2 V-1 s-1 at room temperature, comparable to those of the molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) counterparts with a similar thickness. Interestingly, the electrical conductivity of 2D bismuth changes when exposed to laser irradiation that possibly induced an increase of the defect concentration, indicating a potential photo-sensor application. The electrical response of 2D bismuth can be modified either by laser irradiation or by varying the layer thickness. Due to the dimension and surface state effects in 2D bismuth, the layer thickness has a strong influence on the carrier concentration and mobility. Inspiringly, a simultaneous increase of the electrical conductivity and the Seebeck coefficient was achieved in 2D bismuth, which is preferred for thermoelectric performance but rarely reported. Our results provided a more accessible platform than MBE to produce decent quality 2D bismuth and similar Xenes with tunable electrical properties for various nanoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinghao Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallic Materials, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China.
| | - Hanliu Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallic Materials, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China. and Center for 2D Materials, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Jiayi Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallic Materials, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China.
| | - Wen Zhong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallic Materials, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China.
| | - Beibei Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallic Materials, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China.
| | - Li Tao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallic Materials, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China. and Center for 2D Materials, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
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17
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Weak Antilocalization Tailor-Made by System Topography in Large Scale Bismuth Antidot Arrays. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13153246. [PMID: 32707828 PMCID: PMC7436095 DOI: 10.3390/ma13153246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Using a two-carriers model and the Hikami-Larkin-Nagaoka (HLN) theory, we investigate the influence of large area patterning on magnetotransport properties in bismuth thin films with a thickness of 50 nm. The patterned systems have been produced by means of nanospheres lithography complemented by RF-plasma etching leading to highly ordered antidot arrays with the hexagonal symmetry and a variable antidot size. Simultaneous measurements of transverse and longitudinal magnetoresistance in a broad temperature range provided comprehensive data on transport properties and enabled us to extract the values of charge carrier densities and mobilities. Weak antilocalization signatures observed at low temperatures provided information on spin-orbit scattering length ranging from 20 to 30 nm, elastic scattering length of approx. 60 nm, and strong dependence on temperature phase coherence length. We show that in the absence of antidots the charge carrier transport follow 2-dimensional behavior and the dimensionality for phase-coherent processes changes from two to three dimensions at temperature higher than 10 K. For the antidot arrays, however, a decrease of the power law dephasing exponent is observed which is a sign of the 1D-2D crossover caused by the geometry of the system. This results in changes of scattering events probability and phase coherence lengths depending on the antidot diameters, which opens up opportunity to tailor the magnetotransport characteristics.
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18
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Early-Stage Growth Mechanism and Synthesis Conditions-Dependent Morphology of Nanocrystalline Bi Films Electrodeposited from Perchlorate Electrolyte. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10061245. [PMID: 32605084 PMCID: PMC7353111 DOI: 10.3390/nano10061245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Bi nanocrystalline films were formed from perchlorate electrolyte (PE) on Cu substrate via electrochemical deposition with different duration and current densities. The microstructural, morphological properties, and elemental composition were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis (EDX). The optimal range of current densities for Bi electrodeposition in PE using polarization measurements was demonstrated. For the first time, it was shown and explained why, with a deposition duration of 1 s, co-deposition of Pb and Bi occurs. The correlation between synthesis conditions and chemical composition and microstructure for Bi films was discussed. The analysis of the microstructure evolution revealed the changing mechanism of the films’ growth from pillar-like (for Pb-rich phase) to layered granular form (for Bi) with deposition duration rising. This abnormal behavior is explained by the appearance of a strong Bi growth texture and coalescence effects. The investigations of porosity showed that Bi films have a closely-packed microstructure. The main stages and the growth mechanism of Bi films in the galvanostatic regime in PE with a deposition duration of 1–30 s are proposed.
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19
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Wang AQ, Ye XG, Yu DP, Liao ZM. Topological Semimetal Nanostructures: From Properties to Topotronics. ACS NANO 2020; 14:3755-3778. [PMID: 32286783 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b07990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Characterized by bulk Dirac or Weyl cones and surface Fermi-arc states, topological semimetals have sparked enormous research interest in recent years. The nanostructures, with large surface-to-volume ratio and easy field-effect gating, provide ideal platforms to detect and manipulate the topological quantum states. Exotic physical properties originating from these topological states endow topological semimetals attractive for future topological electronics (topotronics). For example, the linear energy dispersion relation is promising for broadband infrared photodetectors, the spin-momentum locking nature of topological surface states is valuable for spintronics, and the topological superconductivity is highly desirable for fault-tolerant qubits. For real-life applications, topological semimetals in the form of nanostructures are necessary in terms of convenient fabrication and integration. Here, we review the recent progresses in topological semimetal nanostructures and start with the quantum transport properties. Then topological semimetal-based electronic devices are introduced. Finally, we discuss several important aspects that should receive great effort in the future, including controllable synthesis, manipulation of quantum states, topological field effect transistors, spintronic applications, and topological quantum computation.
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Affiliation(s)
- An-Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xing-Guo Ye
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Da-Peng Yu
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zhi-Min Liao
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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20
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Yan Z, Liu H, Hao Z, Yu M, Chen X, Chen J. Electrodeposition of (hydro)oxides for an oxygen evolution electrode. Chem Sci 2020; 11:10614-10625. [PMID: 34094316 PMCID: PMC8162381 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc01532f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Electrochemical water splitting is a promising technology for hydrogen production and sustainable energy conversion, but the electrolyzers that are currently available do not have anodic electrodes that are robust enough and highly active for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Electrodeposition provides a feasible route for preparing freestanding OER electrodes with high active site utilization, fast mass transport and a simple fabrication process, which is highly attractive from both academic and commercial points of view. This minireview focuses on the recent electrodeposition strategies for metal (hydro)oxide design and water oxidation applications. First, the intrinsic advantages of electrodeposition in comparison with traditional technologies are introduced. Then, the unique properties and underlying principles of electrodeposited metal (hydro)oxides in the OER are unveiled. In parallel, illustrative examples of the latest advances in materials structural design, controllable synthesis, and mechanism understanding through the electrochemical synthesis of (hydro)oxides are presented. Finally, the latest representative OER mechanism and electrodeposition routes for OER catalysts are briefly overviewed. Such observations provide new insights into freestanding (hydro)oxides electrodes prepared via electrodeposition, which show significant practical application potential in water splitting devices. We hope that this review will provide inspiration for researchers and stimulate the development of water splitting technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Yan
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center, College of Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Huanhuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center, College of Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Zhimeng Hao
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center, College of Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Meng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center, College of Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center, College of Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Jun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center, College of Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
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21
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Shahbazi MA, Faghfouri L, Ferreira MPA, Figueiredo P, Maleki H, Sefat F, Hirvonen J, Santos HA. The versatile biomedical applications of bismuth-based nanoparticles and composites: therapeutic, diagnostic, biosensing, and regenerative properties. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:1253-1321. [PMID: 31998912 DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00283a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Studies of nanosized forms of bismuth (Bi)-containing materials have recently expanded from optical, chemical, electronic, and engineering fields towards biomedicine, as a result of their safety, cost-effective fabrication processes, large surface area, high stability, and high versatility in terms of shape, size, and porosity. Bi, as a nontoxic and inexpensive diamagnetic heavy metal, has been used for the fabrication of various nanoparticles (NPs) with unique structural, physicochemical, and compositional features to combine various properties, such as a favourably high X-ray attenuation coefficient and near-infrared (NIR) absorbance, excellent light-to-heat conversion efficiency, and a long circulation half-life. These features have rendered bismuth-containing nanoparticles (BiNPs) with desirable performance for combined cancer therapy, photothermal and radiation therapy (RT), multimodal imaging, theranostics, drug delivery, biosensing, and tissue engineering. Bismuth oxyhalides (BiOx, where X is Cl, Br or I) and bismuth chalcogenides, including bismuth oxide, bismuth sulfide, bismuth selenide, and bismuth telluride, have been heavily investigated for therapeutic purposes. The pharmacokinetics of these BiNPs can be easily improved via the facile modification of their surfaces with biocompatible polymers and proteins, resulting in enhanced colloidal stability, extended blood circulation, and reduced toxicity. Desirable antibacterial effects, bone regeneration potential, and tumor growth suppression under NIR laser radiation are the main biomedical research areas involving BiNPs that have opened up a new paradigm for their future clinical translation. This review emphasizes the synthesis and state-of-the-art progress related to the biomedical applications of BiNPs with different structures, sizes, and compositions. Furthermore, a comprehensive discussion focusing on challenges and future opportunities is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad-Ali Shahbazi
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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22
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Pan T, Feng W, Cheng C, Lin S, Fang J, Zhu X, Chen Y, Fang Z. Bismuth Nanobowl/Bismuth Oxides, a Hybrid Material for Efficient Adsorption and Visible‐light‐driven Photodegradation of Organic Pollutants. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201904653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Pan
- School of Environment South China Normal University, University Town Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Weihua Feng
- School of Environment South China Normal University, University Town Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Cong Cheng
- School of Environment South China Normal University, University Town Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Sili Lin
- School of Environment South China Normal University, University Town Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Jianzhang Fang
- School of Environment South China Normal University, University Town Guangzhou 510006 China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment South China Normal University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Ximiao Zhu
- School of Environment South China Normal University, University Town Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Yi Chen
- School of Environment South China Normal University, University Town Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Zhanqiang Fang
- School of Environment South China Normal University, University Town Guangzhou 510006 China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment South China Normal University Guangzhou 510006 China
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23
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Giurlani W, Cavallini M, Picca RA, Cioffi N, Passaponti M, Fontanesi C, Lavacchi A, Innocenti M. Underpotential‐Assisted Electrodeposition of Highly Crystalline and Smooth Thin Film of Bismuth. ChemElectroChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201901678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Walter Giurlani
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”Università degli Studi di Firenze via della Lastruccia 3 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Italy
| | | | - Rosaria Anna Picca
- Department of ChemistryUniversità degli Studi di Bari “Aldo Moro” via Edoardo Orabona 4 70126 Bari Italy
| | - Nicola Cioffi
- Department of ChemistryUniversità degli Studi di Bari “Aldo Moro” via Edoardo Orabona 4 70126 Bari Italy
| | - Maurizio Passaponti
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”Università degli Studi di Firenze via della Lastruccia 3 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Italy
| | - Claudio Fontanesi
- Department of Engineering “Enzo Ferrari”Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia Via Pietro Vivarelli 10 41125 Modena Italy
| | | | - Massimo Innocenti
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”Università degli Studi di Firenze via della Lastruccia 3 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Italy
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Wang N, Dai YX, Wang TL, Yang HZ, Qi Y. Investigation of growth characteristics and semimetal-semiconductor transition of polycrystalline bis-muth thin films. IUCRJ 2020; 7:49-57. [PMID: 31949904 PMCID: PMC6949596 DOI: 10.1107/s2052252519015458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The preferred orientation growth characteristics and surface roughness of polycrystalline bis-muth (Bi) thin films fabricated on glass substrates using the molecular beam epitaxy method were investigated at temperatures ranging from 18 to 150°C. The crystallization and morphology were analyzed in detail and the polycrystalline metal film structure-zone model (SZM) was modified to fit the polycrystalline Bi thin film. The boundary temperature between Zone T and Zone II in the SZM shifted to higher temperatures with the increase in film thickness or the decrease of growth rate. Furthermore, the effect of the thickness and surface roughness on the transport properties was investigated, especially for Bi thin films in Zone II. A two-transport channels model was adopted to reveal the influence of the film thickness on the competition between the metallic surface states and the semiconducting bulk states, which is consistent with the results of Bi single-crystal films. Therefore, the polycrystalline Bi thin films are expected to replace the single-crystal films in the application of spintronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wang
- Department of Materials Physics and Chemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Rolling and Automation, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu-Xiang Dai
- Department of Materials Physics and Chemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Rolling and Automation, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tian-Lin Wang
- Department of Materials Physics and Chemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Rolling and Automation, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hua-Zhe Yang
- Department of Biophysics, School of Fundamental Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Qi
- Department of Materials Physics and Chemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Rolling and Automation, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, People’s Republic of China
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25
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Goncharova AS, Napolskii KS, Skryabina OV, Stolyarov VS, Levin EE, Egorov SV, Eliseev AA, Kasumov YA, Ryazanov VV, Tsirlina GA. Bismuth nanowires: electrochemical fabrication, structural features, and transport properties. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:14953-14964. [PMID: 32588006 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp01111h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Electrochemical aspects of Bi electrocrystallization from a bath containing bismuth nitrate in a mixture of ethylene glycol and water are addressed. Bismuth nanowires with diameters of 50-120 nm and a length of up to a few dozen microns were prepared by electrodeposition into the pores of anodic aluminium oxide templates. Crystal structure and morphology of electrodeposited materials were characterized using electron microscopy, selected area electron diffraction, and X-ray diffraction analysis. Factors affecting the formation of single or polycrystalline nanowires and their crystallographic orientation are discussed. The prospects of electrodeposited Bi nanostructures for microelectronics are illustrated by the quantitative resistivity measurements of highly texturized Bi nanowires with a diameter of ca. 100 nm and a length varying from 160 to 990 nm in a temperature range from 300 to 1.2 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna S Goncharova
- Department of Materials Science, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Kirill S Napolskii
- Department of Materials Science, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation. and Department of Chemistry, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Olga V Skryabina
- Institute of Solid State Physics, 142432, Chernogolovka, Russian Federation and Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141700, Dolgoprudny, Russian Federation
| | - Vasily S Stolyarov
- Institute of Solid State Physics, 142432, Chernogolovka, Russian Federation and Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141700, Dolgoprudny, Russian Federation and Department of Fundamental Physical and Chemical Engineering, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation and Dukhov Research Institute of Automatics (VNIIA), Sushchevskaya 22, 127055, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Eduard E Levin
- Department of Chemistry, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation and FSRC "Crystallography and Photonics" RAS, Leninskiy Prospekt 59, 119333, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Sergey V Egorov
- Institute of Solid State Physics, 142432, Chernogolovka, Russian Federation
| | - Andrei A Eliseev
- Department of Materials Science, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Yusif A Kasumov
- Institute of Microelectronics Technology and High Purity Materials, 142432, Chernogolovka, Russian Federation
| | - Valery V Ryazanov
- Institute of Solid State Physics, 142432, Chernogolovka, Russian Federation and Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141700, Dolgoprudny, Russian Federation
| | - Galina A Tsirlina
- Department of Chemistry, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation and Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141700, Dolgoprudny, Russian Federation
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26
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Liang Z, Teal D, Fan DE. Light programmable micro/nanomotors with optically tunable in-phase electric polarization. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5275. [PMID: 31754176 PMCID: PMC6872749 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13255-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To develop active nanomaterials that can instantly respond to external stimuli with designed mechanical motions is an important step towards the realization of nanorobots. Herein, we present our finding of a versatile working mechanism that allows instantaneous change of alignment direction and speed of semiconductor nanowires in an external electric field with simple visible-light exposure. The light induced alignment switch can be cycled over hundreds of times and programmed to express words in Morse code. With theoretical analysis and simulation, the working principle can be attributed to the optically tuned real-part (in-phase) electrical polarization of a semiconductor nanowire in aqueous suspension. The manipulation principle is exploited to create a new type of microscale stepper motor that can readily switch between in-phase and out-phase modes, and agilely operate independent of neighboring motors with patterned light. This work could inspire the development of new types of micro/nanomachines with individual and reconfigurable maneuverability for many applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zexi Liang
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Daniel Teal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Donglei Emma Fan
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.
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27
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Du L, Lu D, Li J, Yang K, Yang L, Huang B, Yi J, Yi Q, Miao L, Qi X, Zhao C, Zhong J, Wen S. Broadband Nonlinear Optical Response of Single-Crystalline Bismuth Thin Film. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:35863-35870. [PMID: 31430114 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b10354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Bismuth (Bi), a topological material, where many interesting condensed matter phenomena have been observed, possesses unique physical properties when its thickness is reduced to thin film. Here, we prepared the highly stable, single-crystalline, continuous Bi thin film via the vapor deposition (VD) method and found that the Bi thin film can exhibit broadband, ultrafast nonlinear optical response with low saturable intensity ranging from the near-infrared to mid-infrared spectral range under strong excitation. Moreover, we demonstrated that the Bi thin film was favorable to act as a nonlinear pulse modulator toward a high performance pulsed laser operating in optical communication and mid-infrared wavelengths. The experimental results highlight the prospects of Bi thin film as broadband pulsed modulators and may open new avenues toward advanced Bi-based broadband photonic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Du
- Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education & Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Structural Physics and Devices, School of Physics and Electronics , Hunan University , Changsha 410082 , China
| | - Donglin Lu
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Energy Materials and Devices, Laboratory for Quantum Engineering and Micro-Nano Energy Technology, and School of Physics and Optoelectronics , Xiangtan University , Xiangtan 411105 , China
| | - Jie Li
- Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education & Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Structural Physics and Devices, School of Physics and Electronics , Hunan University , Changsha 410082 , China
| | - Ke Yang
- Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education & Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Structural Physics and Devices, School of Physics and Electronics , Hunan University , Changsha 410082 , China
| | - Lingling Yang
- Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education & Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Structural Physics and Devices, School of Physics and Electronics , Hunan University , Changsha 410082 , China
| | - Bin Huang
- Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education & Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Structural Physics and Devices, School of Physics and Electronics , Hunan University , Changsha 410082 , China
| | - Jun Yi
- Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education & Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Structural Physics and Devices, School of Physics and Electronics , Hunan University , Changsha 410082 , China
| | - Qian Yi
- Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education & Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Structural Physics and Devices, School of Physics and Electronics , Hunan University , Changsha 410082 , China
| | - Lili Miao
- Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education & Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Structural Physics and Devices, School of Physics and Electronics , Hunan University , Changsha 410082 , China
| | - Xiang Qi
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Energy Materials and Devices, Laboratory for Quantum Engineering and Micro-Nano Energy Technology, and School of Physics and Optoelectronics , Xiangtan University , Xiangtan 411105 , China
| | - Chujun Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education & Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Structural Physics and Devices, School of Physics and Electronics , Hunan University , Changsha 410082 , China
| | - Jianxin Zhong
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Energy Materials and Devices, Laboratory for Quantum Engineering and Micro-Nano Energy Technology, and School of Physics and Optoelectronics , Xiangtan University , Xiangtan 411105 , China
| | - Shuangchun Wen
- Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education & Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Structural Physics and Devices, School of Physics and Electronics , Hunan University , Changsha 410082 , China
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28
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Zhang C, Ni Z, Zhang J, Yuan X, Liu Y, Zou Y, Liao Z, Du Y, Narayan A, Zhang H, Gu T, Zhu X, Pi L, Sanvito S, Han X, Zou J, Shi Y, Wan X, Savrasov SY, Xiu F. Ultrahigh conductivity in Weyl semimetal NbAs nanobelts. NATURE MATERIALS 2019; 18:482-488. [PMID: 30886399 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-019-0320-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In two-dimensional (2D) systems, high mobility is typically achieved in low-carrier-density semiconductors and semimetals. Here, we discover that the nanobelts of Weyl semimetal NbAs maintain a high mobility even in the presence of a high sheet carrier density. We develop a growth scheme to synthesize single crystalline NbAs nanobelts with tunable Fermi levels. Owing to a large surface-to-bulk ratio, we argue that a 2D surface state gives rise to the high sheet carrier density, even though the bulk Fermi level is located near the Weyl nodes. A surface sheet conductance up to 5-100 S per □ is realized, exceeding that of conventional 2D electron gases, quasi-2D metal films, and topological insulator surface states. Corroborated by theory, we attribute the origin of the ultrahigh conductance to the disorder-tolerant Fermi arcs. The evidenced low-dissipation property of Fermi arcs has implications for both fundamental study and potential electronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhuoliang Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinglei Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions, High Magnetic Field Laboratory of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Xiang Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanwen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing, China
| | - Yichao Zou
- Materials Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Zhiming Liao
- Materials Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Yongping Du
- Department of Applied Physics and Institution of Energy and Microstructure, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | | | - Hongming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing, China
| | - Tiancheng Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuesong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Pi
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions, High Magnetic Field Laboratory of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Stefano Sanvito
- School of Physics and CRANN Institute, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Xiaodong Han
- Beijing Key Laboratory and Institute of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Materials, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Zou
- Materials Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Yi Shi
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing, China
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiangang Wan
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing, China
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Sergey Y Savrasov
- Department of Physics, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Faxian Xiu
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing, China.
- Institute for Nanoelectronic Devices and Quantum Computing, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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29
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Beladi-Mousavi SM, Khezri B, Krejčová L, Heger Z, Sofer Z, Fisher AC, Pumera M. Recoverable Bismuth-Based Microrobots: Capture, Transport, and On-Demand Release of Heavy Metals and an Anticancer Drug in Confined Spaces. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:13359-13369. [PMID: 30925065 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b19408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Self-propelled microrobots are seen as the next step of micro- and nanotechnology. The biomedical and environmental applications of these robots in the real world need their motion in the confined environments, such as in veins or spaces between the grains of soil. Here, self-propelled trilayer microrobots have been prepared using electrodeposition techniques, coupling unique properties of green bismuth (Bi) with a layered crystal structure, magnetic nickel (Ni), and a catalytic platinum (Pt) layer. These Bi-based microrobots are investigated as active self-propelled platforms that can load, transfer, and release both doxorubicin (DOX), as a widely used anticancer drug, and arsenic (As) and chromium (Cr), as hazardous heavy metals. The significantly high loading capability for such variable cargoes is due to the high surface area provided by the rhombohedral layered crystal structure of bismuth, as well as the defects introduced through the oxide layer formed on the surface of bismuth. The drug release is based on an ultrafast electroreductive mechanism in which the electron injection into microrobots and consequently into the loaded objects causes an electrostatic repulsion between them and thus an ultrafast release of the loaded cargos. Remarkably, we have presented magnetic control of the Bi-based microrobots inside a microfluidic system equipped with an electrochemical setup as a proof-of-concept to demonstrate (i) heavy metals/DOX loading, (ii) a targeted transport system, (iii) the on-demand release mechanism, and (iv) the recovery of the robots for further usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyyed Mohsen Beladi-Mousavi
- Center for the Advanced Functional Nanorobots, Department of Inorganic Chemistry , University of Chemistry and Technology , Technická 5 , 166 28 Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Bahareh Khezri
- Center for the Advanced Functional Nanorobots, Department of Inorganic Chemistry , University of Chemistry and Technology , Technická 5 , 166 28 Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Ludmila Krejčová
- Center for the Advanced Functional Nanorobots, Department of Inorganic Chemistry , University of Chemistry and Technology , Technická 5 , 166 28 Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Zbyněk Heger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Mendel University in Brno , Zemedelska 1 , CZ-613 00 Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Sofer
- Center for the Advanced Functional Nanorobots, Department of Inorganic Chemistry , University of Chemistry and Technology , Technická 5 , 166 28 Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Adrian C Fisher
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology , University of Cambridge , New Museums Site, Pembroke Street , Cambridge CB2 3RA , U.K
| | - Martin Pumera
- Center for the Advanced Functional Nanorobots, Department of Inorganic Chemistry , University of Chemistry and Technology , Technická 5 , 166 28 Prague , Czech Republic
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , Yonsei University , 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu , Seoul 03722 , Korea
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30
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Chen Y, Summers B, Dahal A, Lauter V, Vignale G, Singh DK. Field and Current Control of the Electrical Conductivity of an Artificial 2D Honeycomb Lattice. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1808298. [PMID: 30811683 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201808298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The conductivity of a neodymium-based artificial honeycomb lattice undergoes dramatic changes upon application of magnetic fields and currents. These changes are attributed to a redistribution of magnetic charges that are formed at the vertices of the honeycomb due to the nonvanishing net flux of magnetization from adjacent magnetic elements. It is suggested that the application of a large magnetic field or a current causes a transition from a disordered state, in which magnetic charges are distributed at random, to an ordered state, in which they are regularly arranged on the sites of two interpenetrating triangular Wigner crystals. The field and current tuning of electrical properties are highly desirable functionalities for spintronics applications. Consequently, a new spintronics research platform can be envisaged using artificial magnetic honeycomb lattices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyao Chen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Brock Summers
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Ashutosh Dahal
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Valeria Lauter
- Neutron Scattering Division, Neutron Sciences Directorate, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Giovanni Vignale
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Deepak K Singh
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
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31
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Lee CH, Lin KM, Tang YH, Wu BY, Ma MH, Li WH. Evidence of High-Temperature Superconductivity at 18 K in Nanosized Rhombohedral Bi Enhanced by Ni-Doping. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:4627-4635. [PMID: 31459650 PMCID: PMC6648466 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b02984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Superconductivity in bulk rhombohedral Bi has recently been detected to appear below 0.53 mK and 5.2 μT. Here, we unambiguously demonstrate that superconductivity in rhombohedral Bi can be greatly enhanced by incorporating Ni ions onto the Bi sites and reducing the size to the nanometer scale. The superconducting transition temperature T C of 12 nm rhombohedral Bi nanoparticles (NPs) reaches 4 K at ambient pressure. T C is significantly enhanced to reach 7, 12, and 18 K in 6, 8, and 10% Ni-doped Bi NPs, respectively, where superconductivity is found to coexist with ferromagnetism. Ni-doping causes a significant amount of electronic charges to shift toward the interconnecting regions between neighboring Bi ions. First-principles calculations reveal that the Ni ions serve as charge and spin suppliers for the developments of superconductivity and ferromagnetism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Hung Lee
- Department of Physics, National
Central University, Jhongli 32001, Taiwan
| | | | - Yu-Hui Tang
- Department of Physics, National
Central University, Jhongli 32001, Taiwan
| | - Bo-Yong Wu
- Department of Physics, National
Central University, Jhongli 32001, Taiwan
| | - Ma-Hsuan Ma
- Department of Physics, National
Central University, Jhongli 32001, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hsien Li
- Department of Physics, National
Central University, Jhongli 32001, Taiwan
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32
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Wu S, Chen R, Zhang S, Babu BH, Yue Y, Zhu H, Yang Z, Chen C, Chen W, Huang Y, Fang S, Liu T, Han L, Chen W. A chemically inert bismuth interlayer enhances long-term stability of inverted perovskite solar cells. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1161. [PMID: 30858370 PMCID: PMC6411982 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09167-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term stability remains a key issue impeding the commercialization of halide perovskite solar cells (HPVKSCs). The diffusion of molecules and ions causes irreversible degradation to photovoltaic device performance. Here, we demonstrate a facile strategy for producing highly stable HPVKSCs by using a thin but compact semimetal Bismuth interlayer. The Bismuth film acts as a robust permeation barrier that both insulates the perovskite from intrusion by undesirable external moisture and protects the metal electrode from iodine corrosion. The Bismuth-interlayer-based devices exhibit greatly improved stability when subjected to humidity, thermal and light stresses. The unencapsulated device retains 88% of its initial efficiency in ambient air in the dark for over 6000 h; the devices maintain 95% and 97% of their initial efficiencies after 85 °C thermal aging and light soaking in nitrogen atmosphere for 500 h, respectively. These sound stability parameters are among the best for planar structured HPVKSCs reported to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohang Wu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, 430074, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, 430074, Wuhan, China
| | - Shasha Zhang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, 430074, Wuhan, China
| | - B Hari Babu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Nanobiomechanics, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Youfeng Yue
- Electronics and Photonics Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, 305-8565, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hongmei Zhu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, 430074, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhichun Yang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, 430074, Wuhan, China
| | - Chuanliang Chen
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, 430074, Wuhan, China
| | - Weitao Chen
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, 430074, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuqian Huang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, 430074, Wuhan, China
| | - Shaoying Fang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, 430074, Wuhan, China
| | - Tianlun Liu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, 430074, Wuhan, China
| | - Liyuan Han
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240, Shanghai, China.
| | - Wei Chen
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, 430074, Wuhan, China.
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Nanobiomechanics, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China.
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33
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Chang B, Zhong Y, Ai Z, Zhang J, Shi D, Zhang K, Shao Y, Shen J, Huang B, Zhang L, Wu Y, Hao X. A universal and controllable strategy of constructing transition-metal nitride heterostructures for highly enhanced bifunctional electrocatalysis. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj02736j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A family of transition-metal nitride heterostructures were synthesized by a universal and controllable method to remedy the drawbacks of ordinary bifunctional electrocatalysts.
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34
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Moral-Vico J, Casañ-Pastor N, Camón A, Pobes C, Jáudenes R, Strichovanec P, Fàbrega L. Microstructure and electrical transport in electrodeposited Bi films. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2018.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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35
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Hu L, Kang L, Yang J, Huang B, Liu F. Significantly enhanced magnetoresistance in monolayer WTe 2via heterojunction engineering: a first-principles study. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:22231-22236. [PMID: 30465685 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr04391d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The large non-saturating magnetoresistance (MR) of bulk WTe2 is known to be greatly reduced in thin films with decreasing thickness. In this study, based on first-principles calculations, we demonstrate that 2D WTe2 bonded to graphene, through a WTe2/graphene van der Waals (vdW) heterojunction, can exhibit a significantly enhanced MR, which can be even larger than that of bulk WTe2. Moreover, the MR shows a strong stacking-orientation-dependent behavior, which facilitates a tunable MR effect. Our findings illustrate a new route to enhancing the MR of WTe2 and other 2D semimetals via heterojunction engineering, which is useful for a range of applications in information technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Hu
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing 100193, China
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36
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Parke SM, Hupf E, Matharu GK, de Aguiar I, Xu L, Yu H, Boone MP, de Souza GLC, McDonald R, Ferguson MJ, He G, Brown A, Rivard E. Aerobic Solid State Red Phosphorescence from Benzobismole Monomers and Patternable Self-Assembled Block Copolymers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:14841-14846. [PMID: 30239084 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201809357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of the first bismuth-containing macromolecules that exhibit phosphorescence in the solid state and in the presence of oxygen is reported. These red emissive high molecular weight polymers (>300 kDa) feature benzobismoles appended to a hydrocarbon scaffold, and were built via an efficient ring-opening metathesis (ROMP) protocol. Moreover, our general procedure readily allows for the formation of cross-linked networks and block copolymers. Attaining stable red phosphorescence with non-toxic elements remains a challenge and, thus, our new class of soluble (processable) polymeric phosphor is of great interest. Furthermore, the formation of bismuth-rich cores within organic-inorganic block copolymer spherical micelles is possible, leading to patterned arrays of bismuth in the film state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Parke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Dr., Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Emanuel Hupf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Dr., Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Gunwant K Matharu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Dr., Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Inara de Aguiar
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, 78060-900, Brazil
| | - Letian Xu
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710054, People's Republic of China
| | - Haoyang Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Dr., Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Michael P Boone
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Dr., Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Gabriel L C de Souza
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, 78060-900, Brazil
| | - Robert McDonald
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Dr., Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Michael J Ferguson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Dr., Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Gang He
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710054, People's Republic of China
| | - Alex Brown
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Dr., Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Eric Rivard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Dr., Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada
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37
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Parke SM, Hupf E, Matharu GK, de Aguiar I, Xu L, Yu H, Boone MP, de Souza GLC, McDonald R, Ferguson MJ, He G, Brown A, Rivard E. Aerobic Solid State Red Phosphorescence from Benzobismole Monomers and Patternable Self-Assembled Block Copolymers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201809357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M. Parke
- Department of Chemistry; University of Alberta; 11227 Saskatchewan Dr. Edmonton Alberta T6G 2G2 Canada
| | - Emanuel Hupf
- Department of Chemistry; University of Alberta; 11227 Saskatchewan Dr. Edmonton Alberta T6G 2G2 Canada
| | - Gunwant K. Matharu
- Department of Chemistry; University of Alberta; 11227 Saskatchewan Dr. Edmonton Alberta T6G 2G2 Canada
| | - Inara de Aguiar
- Departamento de Química; Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso; Cuiabá Mato Grosso 78060-900 Brazil
| | - Letian Xu
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an Shaanxi Province 710054 People's Republic of China
| | - Haoyang Yu
- Department of Chemistry; University of Alberta; 11227 Saskatchewan Dr. Edmonton Alberta T6G 2G2 Canada
| | - Michael P. Boone
- Department of Chemistry; University of Alberta; 11227 Saskatchewan Dr. Edmonton Alberta T6G 2G2 Canada
| | - Gabriel L. C. de Souza
- Departamento de Química; Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso; Cuiabá Mato Grosso 78060-900 Brazil
| | - Robert McDonald
- Department of Chemistry; University of Alberta; 11227 Saskatchewan Dr. Edmonton Alberta T6G 2G2 Canada
| | - Michael J. Ferguson
- Department of Chemistry; University of Alberta; 11227 Saskatchewan Dr. Edmonton Alberta T6G 2G2 Canada
| | - Gang He
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an Shaanxi Province 710054 People's Republic of China
| | - Alex Brown
- Department of Chemistry; University of Alberta; 11227 Saskatchewan Dr. Edmonton Alberta T6G 2G2 Canada
| | - Eric Rivard
- Department of Chemistry; University of Alberta; 11227 Saskatchewan Dr. Edmonton Alberta T6G 2G2 Canada
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38
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Hu T, Hui X, Zhang X, Liu X, Ma D, Wei R, Xu K, Ma F. Nanostructured Bi Grown on Epitaxial Graphene/SiC. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:5679-5684. [PMID: 30212218 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b02246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Controllable growth of metal nanostructures on epitaxial graphene (EG) is particularly interesting and important for the applications in electric devices. Bi nanostructures on EG/SiC are fabricated through thermal decomposition of SiC and subsequent low-flux evaporation of Bi. The orientation, atomic structure, and thickness-dependent electronic states of Bi are investigated by scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy. It is found that metallic Bi nanoflakes and nanorods prefer to grow on the SiC buffer layer region with higher diffusion barrier, but Bi nanoribbons are formed on regularly ordered EG. Although the thicker Bi nanoribbons of 11 monolayers on EG are still metallic, the thinner ones become semiconducting owing to the interfacial effect. This indicates that the electronic states and physical properties of Bi are substrate-dependent. The results are helpful for the design of Bi- and graphene-based electronic and spintronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingwei Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049 , Shaanxi , China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Suzhou 215123 , Jiangsu , China
| | - Xin Hui
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049 , Shaanxi , China
| | - Xiaohe Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049 , Shaanxi , China
| | - Xiangtai Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049 , Shaanxi , China
| | - Dayan Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049 , Shaanxi , China
| | - Ran Wei
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450001 , China
| | - Kewei Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049 , Shaanxi , China
- Department of Physics and Opt-electronic Engineering , Xi'an University of Arts and Science , Xi'an 710065 , Shaanxi , China
| | - Fei Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049 , Shaanxi , China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Suzhou 215123 , Jiangsu , China
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39
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Abstract
The rapidly expanding class of quantum materials known as topological semimetals (TSMs) displays unique transport properties, including a striking dependence of resistivity on applied magnetic field, that are of great interest for both scientific and technological reasons. So far, many possible sources of extraordinarily large nonsaturating magnetoresistance have been proposed. However, experimental signatures that can identify or discern the dominant mechanism and connect to available theories are scarce. Here we present the magnetic susceptibility (χ), the tangent of the Hall angle ([Formula: see text]), along with magnetoresistance in four different nonmagnetic semimetals with high mobilities, NbP, TaP, NbSb2, and TaSb2, all of which exhibit nonsaturating large magnetoresistance (MR). We find that the distinctly different temperature dependences, [Formula: see text], and the values of [Formula: see text] in phosphides and antimonates serve as empirical criteria to sort the MR from different origins: NbP and TaP are uncompensated semimetals with linear dispersion, in which the nonsaturating magnetoresistance arises due to guiding center motion, while NbSb2 and TaSb2 are compensated semimetals, with a magnetoresistance emerging from nearly perfect charge compensation of two quadratic bands. Our results illustrate how a combination of magnetotransport and susceptibility measurements may be used to categorize the increasingly ubiquitous nonsaturating large magnetoresistance in TSMs.
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40
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Yan Z, Sun H, Chen X, Liu H, Zhao Y, Li H, Xie W, Cheng F, Chen J. Anion insertion enhanced electrodeposition of robust metal hydroxide/oxide electrodes for oxygen evolution. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2373. [PMID: 29915288 PMCID: PMC6006371 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04788-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrochemical deposition is a facile strategy to prepare functional materials but suffers from limitation in thin films and uncontrollable interface engineering. Here we report a universal electrosynthesis of metal hydroxides/oxides on varied substrates via reduction of oxyacid anions. On graphitic substrates, we find that the insertion of nitrate ion in graphene layers significantly enhances the electrodeposit–support interface, resulting in high mass loading and super hydrophilic/aerophobic properties. For the electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction, the nanocrystalline cerium dioxide and amorphous nickel hydroxide co-electrodeposited on graphite exhibits low overpotential (177 mV@10 mA cm−2) and sustains long-term durability (over 300 h) at a large current density of 1000 mA cm−2. In situ Raman and operando X-ray diffraction unravel that the integration of cerium promotes the formation of electrocatalytically active gamma-phase nickel oxyhydroxide with exposed (003) facets. Therefore, combining anion intercalation with cathodic electrodeposition allows building robust electrodes with high electrochemical performance. Electrodeposition provides a facile fabrication means for electrochemical devices but weak substrate-deposit interactions cause poor performance. Here, authors utilize anion insertion within graphitic layers to improve the material interfaces and construct highly active O2-evolving electrocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Yan
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Hongming Sun
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Huanhuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yaran Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Haixia Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Wei Xie
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Fangyi Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
| | - Jun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
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41
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Nanobismuth: Fabrication, Optical, and Plasmonic Properties—Emerging Applications. JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1155/2018/3250932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Along the twentieth century, the electronic properties of bismuth have been widely studied, especially in relation with its magnetoresistive and thermoelectric responses. In this context, a particular emphasis has been made on electronic confinement effects in bismuth nanostructures (or nanobismuth). In the recent years, the optical properties of bismuth nanostructures are focusing a growing interest. An increasing number of reports point at the potential of such nanostructures to support plentiful optical resonances over an ultrabroad spectral range: “interband plasmonic” resonances in the ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared; dielectric Mie resonances in mid- and far-infrared; and conventional free-carrier plasmonic resonances in the far-infrared and terahertz. With the aim to provide a comprehensive basis for exploiting the full optical potential of bismuth nanostructures, we review the current progress in their controlled fabrication, the trends reported (from theoretical calculations and experimental observations) for their optical and plasmonic response, and their emerging applications, including photocatalysis and switchable metamaterials.
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42
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Pressure induced superconductivity bordering a charge-density-wave state in NbTe 4 with strong spin-orbit coupling. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6298. [PMID: 29674609 PMCID: PMC5908920 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24572-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Transition-metal chalcogenides host various phases of matter, such as charge-density wave (CDW), superconductors, and topological insulators or semimetals. Superconductivity and its competition with CDW in low-dimensional compounds have attracted much interest and stimulated considerable research. Here we report pressure induced superconductivity in a strong spin-orbit (SO) coupled quasi-one-dimensional (1D) transition-metal chalcogenide NbTe4, which is a CDW material under ambient pressure. With increasing pressure, the CDW transition temperature is gradually suppressed, and superconducting transition, which is fingerprinted by a steep resistivity drop, emerges at pressures above 12.4 GPa. Under pressure p = 69 GPa, zero resistance is detected with a transition temperature Tc = 2.2 K and an upper critical field μ0Hc2 = 2 T. We also find large magnetoresistance (MR) up to 102% at low temperatures, which is a distinct feature differentiating NbTe4 from other conventional CDW materials.
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43
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Yan L, Xia B, Zhang Q, Kuang G, Xu H, Liu J, Liu PN, Lin N. Stabilizing and Organizing Bi 3 Cu 4 and Bi 7 Cu 12 Nanoclusters in Two-Dimensional Metal-Organic Networks. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:4617-4621. [PMID: 29446200 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201800906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Multinuclear heterometallic nanoclusters with controllable stoichiometry and structure are anticipated to possess promising catalytic, magnetic, and optical properties. Heterometallic nanoclusters with precise stoichiometry of Bi3 Cu4 and Bi7 Cu12 can be stabilized in the scaffold of two-dimensional metal-organic networks on a Cu(111) surface through on-surface metallosupramolecular self-assembly processes. The atomic structures of the nanoclusters were resolved using scanning tunneling microscopy and density functional theory calculations. The nanoclusters feature highly symmetric planar hexagonal shapes and core-shell charge modulation. The clusters are arranged as triangular lattices with a periodicity that can be tuned by choosing molecules of different size. This work shows that on-surface metallosupramolecular self-assembly creates unique possibilities for the design and synthesis of multinuclear heterometallic nanoclusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linghao Yan
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bowen Xia
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology of China, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiushi Zhang
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Guowen Kuang
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hu Xu
- Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology of China, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry and Institute of Fine Chemicals, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai, China
| | - Pei Nian Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry and Institute of Fine Chemicals, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai, China
| | - Nian Lin
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
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44
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Mishchenko KV, Mikhailov YI, Yukhin YM. Obtaining Metallic Bismuth in Condensed Media Composed of Formates. RUSS J APPL CHEM+ 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070427218040067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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45
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Yan L, Xia B, Zhang Q, Kuang G, Xu H, Liu J, Liu PN, Lin N. Stabilizing and Organizing Bi
3
Cu
4
and Bi
7
Cu
12
Nanoclusters in Two‐Dimensional Metal–Organic Networks. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201800906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Linghao Yan
- Department of Physics The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Hong Kong China
| | - Bowen Xia
- Department of Physics The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Hong Kong China
- Department of Physics Southern University of Science and Technology of China, Nanshan District Shenzhen Guangdong China
| | - Qiushi Zhang
- Department of Physics The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Hong Kong China
| | - Guowen Kuang
- Department of Physics The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Hong Kong China
| | - Hu Xu
- Department of Physics Southern University of Science and Technology of China, Nanshan District Shenzhen Guangdong China
| | - Jun Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry and Institute of Fine Chemicals East China University of Science and Technology Meilong Road 130 Shanghai China
| | - Pei Nian Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry and Institute of Fine Chemicals East China University of Science and Technology Meilong Road 130 Shanghai China
| | - Nian Lin
- Department of Physics The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Hong Kong China
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46
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Abstract
According to an earlier Abrikosov model, a positive, nonsaturating, linear magnetoresistivity (LMR) is expected in clean, low-carrier-density metals when measured at very low temperatures and under very high magnetic fields. Recently, a vast class of materials were shown to exhibit extraordinary high LMR but at conditions that deviate sharply from the above-mentioned Abrikosov-type conditions. Such deviations are often considered within either classical Parish-Littlewood scenario of random-conductivity network or within a quantum scenario of small-effective mass or low carriers at tiny pockets neighboring the Fermi surface. This work reports on a manifestation of novel example of a robust, but moderate, LMR up to ∼100 K in the diamagnetic, layered, compensated, semimetallic CaAl2Si2. We carried out extensive and systematic characterization of baric and thermal evolution of LMR together with first-principles electronic structure calculations based on density functional theory. Our analyses revealed strong correlations among the main parameters of LMR and, in addition, a presence of various transition/crossover events based on which a P - T phase diagram was constructed. We discuss whether CaAl2Si2 can be classified as a quantum Abrikosov or classical Parish-Littlewood LMR system.
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47
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Zhang S, Guo S, Chen Z, Wang Y, Gao H, Gómez-Herrero J, Ares P, Zamora F, Zhu Z, Zeng H. Recent progress in 2D group-VA semiconductors: from theory to experiment. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:982-1021. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00125h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 595] [Impact Index Per Article: 99.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This review provides recent theoretical and experimental progress in the fundamental properties, electronic modulations, fabrications and applications of 2D group-VA materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengli Zhang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Advanced Display Materials and Devices
- Ministry of Industry and Information Technology
- Institute of Optoelectronics & Nanomaterials
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing
| | - Shiying Guo
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Advanced Display Materials and Devices
- Ministry of Industry and Information Technology
- Institute of Optoelectronics & Nanomaterials
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing
| | - Zhongfang Chen
- Department of Chemistry
- Institute for Functional Nanomaterials
- University of Puerto Rico
- San Juan
- USA
| | - Yeliang Wang
- Institute of Physics and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- China
| | - Hongjun Gao
- Institute of Physics and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- China
| | - Julio Gómez-Herrero
- Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
- Madrid E 28049
- Spain
| | - Pablo Ares
- Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
- Madrid E 28049
- Spain
| | - Félix Zamora
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
- Madrid E 28049
- Spain
| | - Zhen Zhu
- Materials Department
- University of California
- Santa Barbara
- USA
| | - Haibo Zeng
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Advanced Display Materials and Devices
- Ministry of Industry and Information Technology
- Institute of Optoelectronics & Nanomaterials
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing
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48
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Zhang J, Ji WJ, Xu J, Geng XY, Zhou J, Gu ZB, Yao SH, Zhang ST. Giant positive magnetoresistance in half-metallic double-perovskite Sr 2CrWO 6 thin films. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2017; 3:e1701473. [PMID: 29119138 PMCID: PMC5669608 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1701473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Magnetoresistance (MR) is the magnetic field-induced change of electrical resistance. The MR effect not only has wide applications in hard drivers and sensors but also is a long-standing scientific issue for complex interactions. Ferromagnetic/ferrimagnetic oxides generally show negative MR due to the magnetic field-induced spin order. We report the unusually giant positive MR up to 17,200% (at 2 K and 7 T) in 12-nm Sr2CrWO6 thin films, which show metallic behavior with high carrier density of up to 2.26 × 1028 m-3 and high mobility of 5.66 × 104 cm2 V-1 s-1. The possible mechanism is that the external magnetic field suppresses the long-range antiferromagnetic order to form short-range antiferromagnetic fluctuations, which enhance electronic scattering and lead to the giant positive MR. The high mobility may also have contributions to the positive MR. These results not only experimentally confirm that the giant positive MR can be realized in oxides but also open up new opportunities for developing and understanding the giant positive MR in oxides.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jian Zhou
- Corresponding author. (J.Z.); (S.-T.Z.)
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49
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Yang L, Zhang Y, Li H, Liu H. Controllable synthesis of metallic Bi from commercial Bi2O3 via one-pot solvothermal reduction method. Chin J Chem Eng 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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50
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Hussain N, Liang T, Zhang Q, Anwar T, Huang Y, Lang J, Huang K, Wu H. Ultrathin Bi Nanosheets with Superior Photoluminescence. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2017; 13:1701349. [PMID: 28762634 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201701349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite substantial progress in the science and technology of 2D nanomaterials, facile fabrication of ultrathin 2D metals remains challenging. Herein, an efficient hot-pressing method is developed to fabricate free-standing ultrathin Bi nanosheets from Bi nanoparticles. Highly crystalline Bi nanosheets with thickness as low as ≈2 nm and area of more than several micrometers are successfully fabricated on silicon substrates. The ultrathin Bi nanosheets exhibit morphology and structural dependent enhanced broad range photoemission in visible region of spectrum. Our cost-effective hot-pressing strategy may open an insight for production, application, and deficient fundamental understanding of other 2D semimetals/metalloids and noble metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveed Hussain
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Tongxiang Liang
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Qingyun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Tauseef Anwar
- Energy Research Centre, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Ya Huang
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jiangliang Lang
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Kai Huang
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Hui Wu
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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