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Posnjak G, Yin X, Butler P, Bienek O, Dass M, Lee S, Sharp ID, Liedl T. Diamond-lattice photonic crystals assembled from DNA origami. Science 2024; 384:781-785. [PMID: 38753795 DOI: 10.1126/science.adl2733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Colloidal self-assembly allows rational design of structures on the micrometer and submicrometer scale. One architecture that can generate complete three-dimensional photonic bandgaps is the diamond cubic lattice, which has remained difficult to realize at length scales comparable with the wavelength of visible or ultraviolet light. In this work, we demonstrate three-dimensional photonic crystals self-assembled from DNA origami that act as precisely programmable patchy colloids. Our DNA-based nanoscale tetrapods crystallize into a rod-connected diamond cubic lattice with a periodicity of 170 nanometers. This structure serves as a scaffold for atomic-layer deposition of high-refractive index materials such as titanium dioxide, yielding a tunable photonic bandgap in the near-ultraviolet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregor Posnjak
- Faculty of Physics and CeNS, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, München, 80539 Bayern, Germany
| | - Xin Yin
- Faculty of Physics and CeNS, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, München, 80539 Bayern, Germany
| | - Paul Butler
- Walter Schottky Institute, Technical University of Munich, Garching bei München, 85748 Bayern, Germany
- Physics Department, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Garching bei München, 85748 Bayern, Germany
| | - Oliver Bienek
- Walter Schottky Institute, Technical University of Munich, Garching bei München, 85748 Bayern, Germany
- Physics Department, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Garching bei München, 85748 Bayern, Germany
| | - Mihir Dass
- Faculty of Physics and CeNS, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, München, 80539 Bayern, Germany
| | - Seungwoo Lee
- Department of Integrative Energy Engineering (College of Engineering), KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomicrosystem Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- KU Photonics Center, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- Center for Opto-Electronic Materials and Devices, Post-Silicon Semiconductor Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Ian D Sharp
- Walter Schottky Institute, Technical University of Munich, Garching bei München, 85748 Bayern, Germany
- Physics Department, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Garching bei München, 85748 Bayern, Germany
| | - Tim Liedl
- Faculty of Physics and CeNS, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, München, 80539 Bayern, Germany
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2
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Lu W, Krasavin AV, Lan S, Zayats AV, Dai Q. Gradient-induced long-range optical pulling force based on photonic band gap. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2024; 13:93. [PMID: 38653978 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-024-01452-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Optical pulling provides a new degree of freedom in optical manipulation. It is generally believed that long-range optical pulling forces cannot be generated by the gradient of the incident field. Here, we theoretically propose and numerically demonstrate the realization of a long-range optical pulling force stemming from a self-induced gradient field in the manipulated object. In analogy to potential barriers in quantum tunnelling, we use a photonic band gap design in order to obtain the intensity gradients inside a manipulated object placed in a photonic crystal waveguide, thereby achieving a pulling force. Unlike the usual scattering-type optical pulling forces, the proposed gradient-field approach does not require precise elimination of the reflection from the manipulated objects. In particular, the Einstein-Laub formalism is applied to design this unconventional gradient force. The magnitude of the force can be enhanced by a factor of up to 50 at the optical resonance of the manipulated object in the waveguide, making it insensitive to absorption. The developed approach helps to break the limitation of scattering forces to obtain long-range optical pulling for manipulation and sorting of nanoparticles and other nano-objects. The developed principle of using the band gap to obtain a pulling force may also be applied to other types of waves, such as acoustic or water waves, which are important for numerous applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlong Lu
- Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Structure and Fundamental Interactions of Matter, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Functional Materials and Devices, School of Information and Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Alexey V Krasavin
- Department of Physics and London Centre for Nanotechnology, King's College London, London, WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Sheng Lan
- Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Structure and Fundamental Interactions of Matter, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Functional Materials and Devices, School of Information and Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Anatoly V Zayats
- Department of Physics and London Centre for Nanotechnology, King's College London, London, WC2R 2LS, UK.
| | - Qiaofeng Dai
- Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Structure and Fundamental Interactions of Matter, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Functional Materials and Devices, School of Information and Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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3
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Wang C, Cui C, Deng Q, Zhang C, Asahina S, Cao Y, Mai Y, Che S, Han L. Construction of the single-diamond-structured titania scaffold-Recreation of the holy grail photonic structure. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2318072121. [PMID: 38573966 PMCID: PMC11009672 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2318072121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
As one of the most stunning biological nanostructures, the single-diamond (SD) surface discovered in beetles and weevils exoskeletons possesses the widest complete photonic bandgap known to date and is renowned as the "holy grail" of photonic materials. However, the synthesis of SD is difficult due to its thermodynamical instability compared to the energetically favoured bicontinuous double diamond and other easily formed lattices; thus, the artificial fabrication of SD has long been a formidable challenge. Herein, we report a bottom-up approach to fabricate SD titania networks via a one-pot cooperative assembly scenario employing the diblock copolymer poly(ethylene oxide)-block-polystyrene as a soft template and titanium diisopropoxide bis(acetylacetonate) as an inorganic precursor in a mixed solvent, in which the SD scaffold was obtained by kinetically controlled nucleation and growth in the skeletal channels of the diamond minimal surface formed by the polymer matrix. Electron crystallography investigations revealed the formation of tetrahedrally connected SD frameworks with the space group Fd [Formula: see text] m in a polycrystalline anatase form. A photonic bandgap calculation showed that the resulting SD structure has a wide and complete bandgap. This work solves the complex synthetic enigmas and offers a frontier in hyperbolic surfaces, biorelevant materials, next-generation optical devices, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai200092, China
| | - Congcong Cui
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai200092, China
| | - Quanzheng Deng
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai200092, China
| | - Chong Zhang
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai200092, China
| | - Shunsuke Asahina
- Application Planning Group, Japan Electron Optics Laboratory Co Ltd, Akishima, Tokyo196-8558, Japan
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi980-8577, Japan
| | - Yuanyuan Cao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai200237, China
| | - Yiyong Mai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, State Key Laboratory of Composite Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai200240, China
| | - Shunai Che
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai200092, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, State Key Laboratory of Composite Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai200240, China
| | - Lu Han
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai200092, China
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4
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Starczewska A, Kępińska M. Photonic Crystal Structures for Photovoltaic Applications. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:1196. [PMID: 38473667 DOI: 10.3390/ma17051196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Photonic crystals are artificial structures with a spatial periodicity of dielectric permittivity on the wavelength scale. This feature results in a spectral region over which no light can propagate within such a material, known as the photonic band gap (PBG). It leads to a unique interaction between light and matter. A photonic crystal can redirect, concentrate, or even trap incident light. Different materials (dielectrics, semiconductors, metals, polymers, etc.) and 1D, 2D, and 3D architectures (layers, inverse opal, woodpile, etc.) of photonic crystals enable great flexibility in designing the optical response of the material. This opens an extensive range of applications, including photovoltaics. Photonic crystals can be used as anti-reflective and light-trapping surfaces, back reflectors, spectrum splitters, absorption enhancers, radiation coolers, or electron transport layers. This paper presents an overview of the developments and trends in designing photonic structures for different photovoltaic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Starczewska
- Institute of Physics-Center for Science and Education, Silesian University of Technology, Krasińskiego 8, 40-019 Katowice, Poland
| | - Mirosława Kępińska
- Institute of Physics-Center for Science and Education, Silesian University of Technology, Krasińskiego 8, 40-019 Katowice, Poland
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5
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Tuning of Optical Stopband Wavelength and Effective Bandwidth of Gel-Immobilized Colloidal Photonic Crystal Films. Gels 2023; 9:gels9010056. [PMID: 36661822 PMCID: PMC9857892 DOI: 10.3390/gels9010056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
We show that both the optical stopband wavelength and effective bandwidth of films of gel-immobilized loosely packed colloidal photonic crystals can be controlled over a wide range. When the gelation reagent of the charge-stabilized colloidal crystals was photopolymerized under ultraviolet light using different upper- and bottom-light intensities, it resulted in a gel-immobilized colloidal crystal film with a broadened Bragg reflection peak. Moreover, the width of the Bragg peak increased from 30 to 190 nm as the difference between the light intensities increased. Films with wider Bragg peaks exhibited a brighter reflection color because of the superposition of the shifted Bragg reflections. Furthermore, the Bragg wavelength could be varied over a wide range (500-650 nm) while maintaining the same broadened effective bandwidth by varying the swelling solvent concentration. These findings will expand the applicability of colloidal crystals for use in photonic devices and color pigments.
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6
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Ma W, Liu H, He W, Zhang Y, Li Y, Zhao Y, Li C, Zhou L, Shao J, Liu G. Preparation of Acrylic Yarns with Durable Structural Colors Based on Stable Photonic Crystals. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:39750-39759. [PMID: 36385851 PMCID: PMC9647713 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c03672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Structural coloration of photonic crystals (PCs) is considered an ecological and environmental way to achieve colorful textiles. However, constructing PCs with obvious structural colors on traditional flexible yarns is still a great challenge. As a secondary structure that forms textiles, compared with fibers and fabrics, the yarns are rougher, hindering the construction of regular PCs. In this work, the flexible acrylic yarns with vivid structural colors, named PC-based structural color yarns, were prepared by constructing regular PCs via assembling poly(styrene-butyl acrylate-methacrylate) (P(St-BA-MAA)) colloidal microspheres on yarns. Specifically, the properties of P(St-BA-MAA) colloidal microspheres were investigated. The PCs with better structural stability and obvious structural colors were prepared by presetting the acrylic adhesive layer on yarns. Moreover, the color durability and color regulation methods of prepared PC-based structural color yarns were evaluated and discussed. The results showed that the P(St-BA-MAA) colloidal microspheres exhibited even particle sizes, excellent monodispersity, and a typical hard core-soft shell structure. And the glass-transition temperature (T g) of the microspheres was tested to be about 65.6 °C. The cationic acrylate regarded as a pretreatment agent could not only improve the combination between the PC layers and the yarns by acting as a "bridge" but also enhance the structural color effect by smoothing the yarn surface. The results showed that when the mass fraction of cationic acrylate was 3 wt %, the microspheres were beneficial to access regular PCs with obvious structural colors. The PCs with bright structural colors could be constructed on black acrylic yarns, and the colors of yarns were still bright after rubbing and washing tests, indicating that the prepared PC-based structural color yarns have good color fastness. Moreover, the color hue of PC-based structural color yarns could be regulated by adjusting the particle sizes and viewing angles. This study provides strategic support for the structural coloration of flexible materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanbin Ma
- Zhejiang
Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Materials and Manufacturing Technology, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hao Liu
- Zhejiang
Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Materials and Manufacturing Technology, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenyu He
- Zhejiang
Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Materials and Manufacturing Technology, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yunxiao Zhang
- Zhejiang
Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Materials and Manufacturing Technology, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yucheng Li
- Zhejiang
Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Materials and Manufacturing Technology, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Zhejiang
Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Materials and Manufacturing Technology, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chengcai Li
- Zhejiang
Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Materials and Manufacturing Technology, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lan Zhou
- Key
Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology,
Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech
University Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, People’s Republic
of China
| | - Jianzhong Shao
- Key
Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology,
Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech
University Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, People’s Republic
of China
| | - Guojin Liu
- Zhejiang
Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Materials and Manufacturing Technology, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, People’s Republic of China
- Key
Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology,
Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech
University Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, People’s Republic
of China
- Zhejiang
Provincial Innovation Center of Advanced Textile Technology, Shaoxing 312000, China
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7
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Mohamed AG, Elsayed HA, Mehaney A, Aly AH, Sabra W. Transmittance properties of one-dimensional metamaterial nanocomposite photonic crystal in GHz range. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18331. [PMID: 36316428 PMCID: PMC9622818 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21455-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
We have theoretically demonstrated and explored the transmittance characteristics of a one-dimensional binary photonic crystal composed of metamaterial (MM) and nanocomposite (NC) layers. The NC layer was designed from silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) in a host material as Yttrium oxide (Y2O3). Using the transfer matrix approach (TMM), the optical properties of a one-dimensional binary periodic structure having MM and NC layers in the Giga Hertz (GHz) range were examined. The filling fractions of nanoparticles have been explored to see their effect on the effective permittivity of NC materials. Furthermore, the transmittance properties of the suggested structure were investigated at various incident angles for the transverse electric (TE) polarization. In addition to that, different parameters, such as the thickness of the MM layer, the permittivity of the host dielectric material, the filling fraction, and the thickness of the NC layer are also taken into account. We also discussed the effect of these parameters on the width of the photonic bandgap (PBG). With the optimum values of the optical parameters of NC layer, this research could open the way for better photonic crystal circuits, splitters, switches and others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliaa G. Mohamed
- grid.411662.60000 0004 0412 4932TH-PPM Group, Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62521 Egypt
| | - Hussein A. Elsayed
- grid.411662.60000 0004 0412 4932TH-PPM Group, Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62521 Egypt
| | - Ahmed Mehaney
- grid.411662.60000 0004 0412 4932TH-PPM Group, Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62521 Egypt
| | - Arafa H. Aly
- grid.411662.60000 0004 0412 4932TH-PPM Group, Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62521 Egypt
| | - Walied Sabra
- grid.411662.60000 0004 0412 4932TH-PPM Group, Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62521 Egypt
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8
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Bolshakov ES, Schemelev IS, Ivanov AV, Kozlov AA. Photonic Crystals and Their Analogues as Tools for Chemical Analysis. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934822100033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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9
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Kozlov AA, Aksenov AS, Bolshakov ES, Ivanov AV, Flid VR. Colloidal photonic crystals with controlled morphology. Russ Chem Bull 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-022-3627-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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10
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Ishiyama M, Yasuoka K, Asai M. Impact of free energy of polymers on polymorphism of polymer-grafted nanoparticles. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:6318-6325. [PMID: 35904076 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm00311b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal crystals have gathered wide attention as a model material for optical applications because of their feasibility in controlling the propagation of light by their crystal structure and lattice spacing as well as the simplicity of their fabrication. However, due to the simple interaction between colloids, the colloidal crystal structures that can be formed are limited. It is also difficult to adjust the lattice spacing. Furthermore, colloidal crystals are fragile compared to other crystals. In this study, we focused on polymer-grafted nanoparticles (PGNP) as a possible solution to these unresolved issues. We expected that PGNPs, composed of two distinct layers (the hard core of a nanoparticle and the soft corona of grafted polymers on the surface), will demonstrate similar behaviors as star polymers and hard spheres. We also predicted that PGNPs may exhibit polymorphism because the interaction between PGNPs strongly depends upon their grafting density and the length of the grafted polymer chains. Moreover, we expected that crystals made from PGNPs will be structurally tough due to the entanglement of grafted polymers. From exploration of crystal polymorphs of PGNPs by molecular dynamics simulations, we found face-centered cubic (FCC)/hexagonal close-packed (HCP) and body-centered cubic (BCC) crystals, depending on the length of the grafted polymer chains. When the chains were short, PGNPs behaved like hard spheres and crystals were arranged in FCC/HCP structure, much like the phase transition observed in an Alder transition. When the chains were long enough, the increase in the free energy of grafted polymers was no longer negligible and crystals were arranged in BCC structure, which has a lower density than FCC/HCP. When the chains were not too short or long, FCC/HCP structures were first observed when the volume fraction of system was small, but a phase transition occurred when the system was further compressed and the crystals arranged themselves in a BCC structure. These results most likely have laid strong foundations for future simulations and experimental studies of PGNP crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanari Ishiyama
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Kenji Yasuoka
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
- Keio University Global Research Institute, Keio University, 2-15-45, Mita, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8345, Japan.
| | - Makoto Asai
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
- Keio University Global Research Institute, Keio University, 2-15-45, Mita, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8345, Japan.
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11
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Abraham L, Thomas T, Pichumani M. Vivid structural colors of photonic crystals: self-assembly of monodisperse silica nano-colloids synthesized using an anionic surfactant. Chem Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2022.111682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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12
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Three-dimensional photonic topological insulator without spin-orbit coupling. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3499. [PMID: 35715401 PMCID: PMC9205999 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30909-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Spin-orbit coupling, a fundamental mechanism underlying topological insulators, has been introduced to construct the latter's photonic analogs, or photonic topological insulators (PTIs). However, the intrinsic lack of electronic spin in photonic systems leads to various imperfections in emulating the behaviors of topological insulators. For example, in the recently demonstrated three-dimensional (3D) PTI, the topological surface states emerge, not on the surface of a single crystal as in a 3D topological insulator, but along an internal domain wall between two PTIs. Here, by fully abolishing spin-orbit coupling, we design and demonstrate a 3D PTI whose topological surface states are self-guided on its surface, without extra confinement by another PTI or any other cladding. The topological phase follows the original Fu's model for the topological crystalline insulator without spin-orbit coupling. Unlike conventional linear Dirac cones, a unique quadratic dispersion of topological surface states is directly observed with microwave measurement. Our work opens routes to the topological manipulation of photons at the outer surface of photonic bandgap materials.
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13
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Liu H, Wang H, Wang H, Deng J, Ruan Q, Zhang W, Abdelraouf OAM, Ang NSS, Dong Z, Yang JKW, Liu H. High-Order Photonic Cavity Modes Enabled 3D Structural Colors. ACS NANO 2022; 16:8244-8252. [PMID: 35533374 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c01999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
It remains a challenge to directly print arbitrary three-dimensional shapes that exhibit structural colors at the micrometer scale. Woodpile photonic crystals (WPCs) fabricated via two-photon lithography (TPL) are elementary building blocks to produce 3D geometries that generate structural colors due to their ability to exhibit either omnidirectional or anisotropic photonic stop bands. However, existing approaches produce structural colors on WPCs when illuminating from the top, requiring print resolutions beyond the limit of commercial TPL, which necessitates postprocessing techniques. Here, we devised a strategy to support high-order photonic cavity modes upon side illumination on WPCs that surprisingly generate prominent reflectance peaks in the visible spectrum. Based on that, we demonstrate one-step printing of 3D photonic structural colors without requiring postprocessing or subwavelength features. Vivid colors with reflectance peaks exhibiting a full width at half-maximum of ∼25 nm, a maximum reflectance of 50%, a gamut of ∼85% of sRGB, and large viewing angles were achieved. In addition, we also demonstrated voxel-level manipulation and control of colors in arbitrary-shaped 3D objects constituted with WPCs as unit cells, which has potential for applications in dynamic color displays, colorimetric sensing, anti-counterfeiting, and light-matter interaction platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Liu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Hongtao Wang
- Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore, 487372, Singapore
| | - Hao Wang
- Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore, 487372, Singapore
| | - Jie Deng
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Qifeng Ruan
- Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore, 487372, Singapore
| | - Wang Zhang
- Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore, 487372, Singapore
| | - Omar A M Abdelraouf
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Norman Soo Seng Ang
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Zhaogang Dong
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Joel K W Yang
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
- Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore, 487372, Singapore
| | - Hong Liu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
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14
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Wang HX, Chen Y, Guo GY, Kee HY, Jiang JH. Possible realization of optical Dirac points in woodpile photonic crystals. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:17204-17220. [PMID: 36221548 DOI: 10.1364/oe.456614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The simulation of fermionic relativistic physics, e.g., Dirac and Weyl physics, has led to the discovery of many unprecedented phenomena in photonics, of which the optical-frequency realization is, however, still challenging. Here, surprisingly, we discover that the woodpile photonic crystals commonly used for optical frequency applications host exotic fermion-like relativistic degeneracies: a Dirac nodal line and a fourfold quadratic point, as protected by the nonsymmorphic crystalline symmetry. Deforming the woodpile photonic crystal leads to the emergence of type-II Dirac points from the fourfold quadratic point. Such type-II Dirac points can be detected by its anomalous refraction property which is manifested as a giant birefringence in a slab setup. Our findings provide a promising route towards 3D optical Dirac physics in all-dielectric photonic crystals.
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15
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Sun YW, Li ZW, Chen ZQ, Zhu YL, Sun ZY. Colloidal cubic diamond photonic crystals through cooperative self-assembly. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:2654-2662. [PMID: 35311843 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm01770e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal cubic diamond crystals with low-coordinated and staggered structures could display a wide photonic bandgap at low refractive index contrasts, which makes them extremely valuable for photonic applications. However, self-assembly of cubic diamond crystals using simple colloidal building blocks is still considerably challenging, due to their low packing fraction and mechanical instability. Here we propose a new strategy for constructing colloidal cubic diamond crystals through cooperative self-assembly of surface-anisotropic triblock Janus colloids and isotropic colloidal spheres into superlattices. In self-assembly, cooperativity is achieved by tuning the interaction and particle size ratio of colloidal building blocks. The pyrochlore lattice formed by self-assembly of triblock Janus colloids acts as a soft template to direct the packing of colloidal spheres into cubic diamond lattices. Numerical simulations show that this cooperative self-assembly strategy works well in a large range of particle size ratio of these two species. Moreover, photonic band structure calculations reveal that the resulting cubic diamond lattices exhibit wide and complete photonic bandgaps and the width and frequency of the bandgaps can also be easily adjusted by tuning the particle size ratio. Our work will open up a promising avenue toward photonic bandgap materials by cooperative self-assembly employing surface-anisotropic Janus or patchy colloids as a soft template.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Wei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China.
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Zhan-Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China.
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Zi-Qin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China.
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - You-Liang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Zhao-Yan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China.
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
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16
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Lyu Q, Li M, Zhang L, Zhu J. Bioinspired Supramolecular Photonic Composites: Construction and Emerging Applications. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2100867. [PMID: 35255176 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Natural organisms have evolved fascinating structural colors to survive in complex natural environments. Artificial photonic composites developed by imitating the structural colors of organisms have been applied in displaying, sensing, biomedicine, and many other fields. As emerging materials, photonic composites mediated by supramolecular chemistry, namely, supramolecular photonic composites, have been designed and constructed to meet emerging application needs and challenges. This feature article mainly introduces the constructive strategies, properties, and applications of supramolecular photonic composites. First, constructive strategies of supramolecular photonic composites are summarized, including the introduction of supramolecular polymers into colloidal photonic array templates, co-assembly of colloidal particles (CPs) with supramolecular polymers, self-assembly of soft CPs, and compounding photonic elastomers with functional substances via supramolecular interactions. Supramolecular interactions endow photonic composites with attractive properties, such as stimuli-responsiveness and healability. Subsequently, the unique optical and mechanical properties of supramolecular photonic composites are summarized, and their applications in emerging fields, such as colorful coatings, real-time and visual motion monitoring, and biochemical sensors, are introduced. Finally, challenges and perspectives in supramolecular photonic composites are discussed. This feature article provides general strategies and considerations for the design of photonic materials based on supramolecular chemistry. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanqian Lyu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Miaomiao Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Lianbin Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Jintao Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
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17
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Iwata N, Koike T, Tokuhiro K, Sato R, Furumi S. Colloidal Photonic Crystals of Reusable Hydrogel Microparticles for Sensor and Laser Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:57893-57907. [PMID: 34821501 PMCID: PMC8662631 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c16500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Although a wide variety of techniques have been developed to date for the fabrication of high-quality colloidal photonic crystals (CPCs) using monodisperse silica and polystyrene microparticles, poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPA) hydrogel microparticles have rarely been utilized for the preparation of active CPCs despite the intriguing feature of temperature-responsive volume changes. This report describes the promising potential abilities of PNIPA hydrogel microparticles for sensor and laser applications. Monodisperse PNIPA hydrogel microparticles were synthesized by emulsion polymerization, and the microparticle diameter was finely controlled by adjusting the surfactant concentration. Such hydrogel microparticles spontaneously formed uniform CPCs with visible Bragg reflection even in fluid suspensions. The addition of small amounts of ionic substances into the centrifuged and deionized CPC suspensions enabled the on-demand color switching between Bragg reflection and white turbidity with temperature, leading to temperature- and ion-sensing applications. Moreover, our expanding experiments successfully demonstrated the optically excited laser action with a single and narrow peak from CPC suspensions with light-emitting dyes by the photonic band gap effect. After the light-emitting dyes were simply removed from the CPC suspensions by centrifugation, the purified PNIPA hydrogel microparticles were permanently reusable as the CPC laser microcavities to generate the laser action at other wavelengths using different dyes. This study contributes the circular economy concept using reusable hydrogel microparticles for the realization of a sustainable society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Iwata
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty
of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Takeru Koike
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty
of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Kaya Tokuhiro
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty
of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Ryu Sato
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty
of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Seiichi Furumi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty
of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
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18
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Zhang N, Xiang D. Self-assembling of versatile Si 3N 4@SiO 2 nanofibre sponges by direct nitridation of photovoltaic silicon waste. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 419:126385. [PMID: 34175705 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Solar cells based on crystalline silicon wafers have dominated the global photovoltaic market for many years. Unfortunately, a large amount of photovoltaic silicon waste (PSW) also was produced during the process of cutting silicon ingot into silicon wafer. The improperly discarded PSW will bring about serious environmental hazardous problems, so it is highly necessary to safely and effectively recover and utilize PSW. Here, we report self-assembled 3D Si3N4@SiO2 nanofibre sponges utilising PSW as silicon sources for the first time. This kind of ceramic sponge displays excellent compression resilience under a maximum strain of 67% due to the flexibility of the Si3N4@SiO2 nanofibres. The Si3N4@SiO2 nanofibre sponges can withstand high temperatures beyond 1200 °C with negligible weight loss and demonstrates favourable thermal insulation properties. Furthermore, the porous Si3N4@SiO2 nanofibre sponges possess ultra-low dielectric properties, with the minimum dielectric constant and dielectric loss approaching 1 and 0, respectively. In short, a simple and low-cost technology using industrial waste to fabricate versatile Si3N4@SiO2 nanofibre sponges with prominent performance is of great significance for the development and application of 3D ceramic architectures in various industry fields including aerospace, electronic devices and thermal insulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Daoping Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
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19
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Photonic Crystal Enhanced by Metamaterial for Measuring Electric Permittivity in GHz Range. PHOTONICS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/photonics8100416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The rise of broadband cellular networks and 5G networks enable new rates of data transfer. This paper introduces a new design to measure the permittivity in the GHz range of non-magnetic materials. We tested the proposed design with a wide range of materials such as wood, glass, dry concrete, and limestone. The newly proposed design structure has a maximum sensitivity of 0.496 GHz/RIU. Moreover, it can measure permittivities in the range from 1 up to 9. The main component of the designed structure is a defective one-dimensional photonic crystal with a unit cell consisting of metamaterial and silicon. In addition, we demonstrate the role of the metamaterial in enhancing the proposed design and examine the impact of the defect layer thickness on the proposed structure.
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20
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Kim YJ, Kim JH, Jo IS, Pine DJ, Sacanna S, Yi GR. Patchy Colloidal Clusters with Broken Symmetry. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:13175-13183. [PMID: 34392686 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c05123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal clusters are prepared by assembling positively charged cross-linked polystyrene (PS) particles onto negatively charged liquid cores of swollen polymer particles. PS particles at the interface of the liquid core are closely packed around the core due to interfacial wetting. Then, by evaporating solvent in the liquid cores, polymers in the cores are solidified and the clusters are cemented. As the swelling ratio of PS cores increases, cores at the center of colloidal clusters are exposed, forming patchy colloidal clusters. Finally, by density gradient centrifugation, high-purity symmetric colloidal clusters are obtained. When silica-PS core-shell particles are swollen and serve as the liquid cores, hybrid colloidal clusters are obtained in which each silica nanoparticle is relocated to the liquid core interface during the swelling-deswelling process breaking symmetry in colloidal clusters as the silica nanoparticle in the core is comparable in size with the PS particle in the shell. The configuration of colloidal clusters is determined once the number of particles around the liquid core is given, which depends on the size ratio of the liquid core and shell particle. Since hybrid clusters are heavier than PS particles, they can be purified using centrifugation.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Jin Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hyun Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Seong Jo
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - David J Pine
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, New York 11201, United States
| | | | - Gi-Ra Yi
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi 16419, Republic of Korea.,Department of Chemical Engineering, POSTECH, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
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21
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Xu X, Lu J, Yang X. Ultrawide photonic band gaps with the limit of gap-midgap ratio of 200% produced from complete-connected networks. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:21576-21585. [PMID: 34265942 DOI: 10.1364/oe.422985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A kind of one-dimensional (1D) complete-connected network (CCN) is designed and its extraordinary optical property for producing an ultrawide photonic band gap (PBG) is investigated. The gap-midgap ratio formulaes of the largest PBGs created by CCNs are analytically derived, and the results indicate that with the increment of the node number in a unit cell, the number of the loops that can produce antiresonances increases fleetly, and consequently the gap-midgap ratio of the PBG produced by CCNs enlarges rapidly and tends rapidly to the limit at 200%. Moreover, the general transmission formula for 1D CCNs is analytically determined. Due to the periodicity, two types of transmission resonance peaks are generated, and the condition is analytically obtained from the transmission formula. This kind of CCN may have wide applications to design superwide band optical filters, optical devices with large PBGs and strong photonic attenuations, and other related optical communication and optical increment processing devices.
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22
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Kim JH, Liess A, Stolte M, Krause AM, Stepanenko V, Zhong C, Bialas D, Spano F, Würthner F. An Efficient Narrowband Near-Infrared at 1040 nm Organic Photodetector Realized by Intermolecular Charge Transfer Mediated Coupling Based on a Squaraine Dye. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2100582. [PMID: 34060157 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202100582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A highly sensitive short-wave infrared (SWIR, λ > 1000 nm) organic photodiode (OPD) is described based on a well-organized nanocrystalline bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) active layer composed of a dicyanovinyl-functionalized squaraine dye (SQ-H) donor material in combination with PC61 BM. Through thermal annealing, dipolar SQ-H chromophores self-assemble in a nanoscale structure with intermolecular charge transfer mediated coupling, resulting in a redshifted and narrow absorption band at 1040 nm as well as enhanced charge carrier mobility. The optimized OPD exhibits an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 12.3% and a full-width at half-maximum of only 85 nm (815 cm-1 ) at 1050 nm under 0 V, which is the first efficient SWIR OPD based on J-type aggregates. Photoplethysmography application for heart-rate monitoring is successfully demonstrated on flexible substrates without applying reverse bias, indicating the potential of OPDs based on short-range coupled dye aggregates for low-power operating wearable applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Hong Kim
- Universität Würzburg, Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC) and Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), Theodor-Boveri-Weg, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Liess
- Universität Würzburg, Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC) and Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), Theodor-Boveri-Weg, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Stolte
- Universität Würzburg, Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC) and Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), Theodor-Boveri-Weg, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
- Universität Würzburg, Institut für Organische Chemie, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ana-Maria Krause
- Universität Würzburg, Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC) and Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), Theodor-Boveri-Weg, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Vladimir Stepanenko
- Universität Würzburg, Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC) and Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), Theodor-Boveri-Weg, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Chuwei Zhong
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 130 Beury Hall, 1901 N. 13th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA
| | - David Bialas
- Universität Würzburg, Institut für Organische Chemie, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Frank Spano
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 130 Beury Hall, 1901 N. 13th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA
| | - Frank Würthner
- Universität Würzburg, Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC) and Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), Theodor-Boveri-Weg, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
- Universität Würzburg, Institut für Organische Chemie, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
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23
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Cai Z, Li Z, Ravaine S, He M, Song Y, Yin Y, Zheng H, Teng J, Zhang A. From colloidal particles to photonic crystals: advances in self-assembly and their emerging applications. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:5898-5951. [PMID: 34027954 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00706d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Over the last three decades, photonic crystals (PhCs) have attracted intense interests thanks to their broad potential applications in optics and photonics. Generally, these structures can be fabricated via either "top-down" lithographic or "bottom-up" self-assembly approaches. The self-assembly approaches have attracted particular attention due to their low cost, simple fabrication processes, relative convenience of scaling up, and the ease of creating complex structures with nanometer precision. The self-assembled colloidal crystals (CCs), which are good candidates for PhCs, have offered unprecedented opportunities for photonics, optics, optoelectronics, sensing, energy harvesting, environmental remediation, pigments, and many other applications. The creation of high-quality CCs and their mass fabrication over large areas are the critical limiting factors for real-world applications. This paper reviews the state-of-the-art techniques in the self-assembly of colloidal particles for the fabrication of large-area high-quality CCs and CCs with unique symmetries. The first part of this review summarizes the types of defects commonly encountered in the fabrication process and their effects on the optical properties of the resultant CCs. Next, the mechanisms of the formation of cracks/defects are discussed, and a range of versatile fabrication methods to create large-area crack/defect-free two-dimensional and three-dimensional CCs are described. Meanwhile, we also shed light on both the advantages and limitations of these advanced approaches developed to fabricate high-quality CCs. The self-assembly routes and achievements in the fabrication of CCs with the ability to open a complete photonic bandgap, such as cubic diamond and pyrochlore structure CCs, are discussed as well. Then emerging applications of large-area high-quality CCs and unique photonic structures enabled by the advanced self-assembly methods are illustrated. At the end of this review, we outlook the future approaches in the fabrication of perfect CCs and highlight their novel real-world applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyu Cai
- Research Institute for Frontier Science, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China. and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, 117576, Singapore and Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Zhiwei Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Serge Ravaine
- CNRS, Univ. Bordeaux, CRPP, UMR 5031, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Mingxin He
- Department of Physics, Center for Soft Matter Research, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Yanlin Song
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yadong Yin
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Hanbin Zheng
- CNRS, Univ. Bordeaux, CRPP, UMR 5031, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Jinghua Teng
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore 138634, Singapore.
| | - Ao Zhang
- Research Institute for Frontier Science, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China.
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24
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Yang Y, Wang L, Yang H, Li Q. 3D Chiral Photonic Nanostructures Based on Blue‐Phase Liquid Crystals. SMALL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/smsc.202100007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yanzhao Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Tianjin University Tianjin 300350 China
| | - Ling Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Tianjin University Tianjin 300350 China
| | - Huai Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering College of Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Quan Li
- Institute of Advanced Materials and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Southeast University Nanjing 211189 China
- Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute and Chemical Physics Interdisciplinary Program Kent State University Kent OH 44242 USA
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25
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Zhang Y, Zhao M, Wang J, Liu W, Wang B, Hu S, Lu G, Chen A, Cui J, Zhang W, Hsu CW, Liu X, Shi L, Yin H, Zi J. Momentum-space imaging spectroscopy for the study of nanophotonic materials. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2021; 66:824-838. [PMID: 36654139 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2020.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The novel phenomena in nanophotonic materials, such as the angle-dependent reflection and negative refraction effect, are closely related to the photonic dispersions E(p). E(p) describes the relation between energy E and momentum p of photonic eigenmodes, and essentially determines the optical properties of materials. As E(p) is defined in momentum space (k-space), the experimental method to detect the energy distribution, that is the spectrum, in a momentum-resolved manner is highly required. In this review, the momentum-space imaging spectroscopy (MSIS) system is presented, which can directly study the spectral information in momentum space. Using the MSIS system, the photonic dispersion can be captured in one shot with high energy and momentum resolution. From the experimental momentum-resolved spectrum data, other key features of photonic eigenmodes, such as quality factors and polarization states, can also be extracted through the post-processing algorithm based on the coupled mode theory. In addition, the interference configurations of the MSIS system enable the measurement of coherence properties and phase information of nanophotonic materials, which is important for the study of light-matter interaction and beam shaping with nanostructures. The MSIS system can give the comprehensive information of nanophotonic materials, and is greatly useful for the study of novel photonic phenomena and the development of nanophotonic technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Zhang
- Department of Physics, Key Laboratory of Micro- and Nano-Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), and State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Maoxiong Zhao
- Department of Physics, Key Laboratory of Micro- and Nano-Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), and State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jiajun Wang
- Department of Physics, Key Laboratory of Micro- and Nano-Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), and State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Wenzhe Liu
- Department of Physics, Key Laboratory of Micro- and Nano-Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), and State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Physics, Key Laboratory of Micro- and Nano-Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), and State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Songting Hu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Optical Metrology for Nano-fabrication (SERCOM), Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Guopeng Lu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Optical Metrology for Nano-fabrication (SERCOM), Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Ang Chen
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Optical Metrology for Nano-fabrication (SERCOM), Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jing Cui
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Optical Metrology for Nano-fabrication (SERCOM), Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Weiyi Zhang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Optical Metrology for Nano-fabrication (SERCOM), Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Chia Wei Hsu
- Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Xiaohan Liu
- Department of Physics, Key Laboratory of Micro- and Nano-Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), and State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Physics, Key Laboratory of Micro- and Nano-Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), and State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Optical Metrology for Nano-fabrication (SERCOM), Shanghai 200433, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Haiwei Yin
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Optical Metrology for Nano-fabrication (SERCOM), Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Jian Zi
- Department of Physics, Key Laboratory of Micro- and Nano-Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), and State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
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26
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Zhang B, Tan D, Wang Z, Liu X, Xu B, Gu M, Tong L, Qiu J. Self-organized phase-transition lithography for all-inorganic photonic textures. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2021; 10:93. [PMID: 33927184 PMCID: PMC8085003 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-021-00534-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Realizing general processing applicable to various materials by one basic tool has long been considered a distant dream. Fortunately, ultrafast laser-matter interaction has emerged as a highly universal platform with unprecedented optical phenomena and provided implementation paths for advanced manufacturing with novel functionalities. Here, we report the establishment of a three-dimensional (3D) focal-area interference field actively induced by a single ultrafast laser in transparent dielectrics. Relying on this, we demonstrate a radically new approach of self-organized phase-transition lithography (SOPTL) to achieve super-resolution construction of embedded all-inorganic photonic textures with extremely high efficiency. The generated textures exhibit a tunable photonic bandgap (PBG) in a wide range from ~1.3 to ~2 μm. More complicated interlaced textures with adjustable structural features can be fabricated within a few seconds, which is not attainable with any other conventional techniques. Evidence suggests that the SOPTL is extendable to more than one material system. This study augments light-matter interaction physics, offers a promising approach for constructing robust photonic devices, and opens up a new research direction in advanced lithography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dezhi Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Zhuo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaofeng Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, China
| | - Beibei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, China
| | - Min Gu
- Centre for Artificial-Intelligence Nanophotonics, School of Optical Science and Engineering, Shanghai University of Science and Technology, 200093, Shanghai, China
| | - Limin Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianrong Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, China.
- CAS Center for Excellence in Ultra-intense Laser Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 201800, Shanghai, China.
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27
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Jiang J, Liu F, Shen Q, Tao S. The role of sodium in stabilizing tin-lead (Sn-Pb) alloyed perovskite quantum dots. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY. A 2021; 9:12087-12098. [PMID: 34123383 PMCID: PMC8148221 DOI: 10.1039/d1ta00955a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Narrow-bandgap CsSn x Pb1-x I3 perovskite quantum dots (QDs) show great promise for optoelectronic applications owing to their reduced use of toxic Pb, improved phase stability, and tunable band gaps in the visible and near-infrared range. The use of small ions has been proven beneficial in enhancing the stability and photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of perovskite QDs. The introduction of sodium (Na) has succeeded in boosting the PLQY of CsSn0.6Pb0.4I3 QDs. Unfortunately, the initial PLQY of the Na-doped QDs undergoes a fast degradation after one-day storage in solution, hindering their practical applications. Using density functional theory (DFT) calculations and ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations, we study the effect of Na ions on the strength of surface bonds, defect formation energies, and the interactions between surface ligands and perovskite QDs. Our results suggest that Na ions enhance the covalent bonding of surface tin-iodine bonds and form strong ionic bonding with the neighboring iodine anions, thus suppressing the formation of I and Sn vacancies. Furthermore, Na ions also enhance the binding strength of the surface ligands with the perovskite QD surface. However, according to our AIMD simulations, the enhanced surface ligand binding is only effective on a selected surface configuration. While the position of Na ions remains intact on a CsI-terminated surface, they diffuse vigorously on an MI2-terminated surface. As a result, the positive effect of Na vanishes with time, explaining the relatively short lifetime of the experimentally obtained high PLQYs. Our results indicate that engineering the surface termination of the QDs could be the next step in maintaining the favorable effect of Na doping for a high and stable PLQY of Sn-Pb QDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junke Jiang
- Materials Simulation and Modelling, Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
- Center for Computational Energy Research, Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology Eindhoven 5600 MB The Netherlands
| | - Feng Liu
- Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University Qingdao 266237 P. R. China
| | - Qing Shen
- Faculty of Informatics and Engineering, The University of Electro-Communications 1-5-1 Chofugaoka Tokyo 182-8585 Japan
| | - Shuxia Tao
- Materials Simulation and Modelling, Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
- Center for Computational Energy Research, Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology Eindhoven 5600 MB The Netherlands
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28
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Torrijos-Morán L, Griol A, García-Rupérez J. Slow light bimodal interferometry in one-dimensional photonic crystal waveguides. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2021; 10:16. [PMID: 33446632 PMCID: PMC7809049 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-020-00460-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Strongly influenced by the advances in the semiconductor industry, the miniaturization and integration of optical circuits into smaller devices has stimulated considerable research efforts in recent decades. Among other structures, integrated interferometers play a prominent role in the development of photonic devices for on-chip applications ranging from optical communication networks to point-of-care analysis instruments. However, it has been a long-standing challenge to design extremely short interferometer schemes, as long interaction lengths are typically required for a complete modulation transition. Several approaches, including novel materials or sophisticated configurations, have been proposed to overcome some of these size limitations but at the expense of increasing fabrication complexity and cost. Here, we demonstrate for the first time slow light bimodal interferometric behaviour in an integrated single-channel one-dimensional photonic crystal. The proposed structure supports two electromagnetic modes of the same polarization that exhibit a large group velocity difference. Specifically, an over 20-fold reduction in the higher-order-mode group velocity is experimentally shown on a straightforward all-dielectric bimodal structure, leading to a remarkable optical path reduction compared to other conventional interferometers. Moreover, we experimentally demonstrate the significant performance improvement provided by the proposed bimodal photonic crystal interferometer in the creation of an ultra-compact optical modulator and a highly sensitive photonic sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Torrijos-Morán
- Nanophotonics Technology Center, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Amadeu Griol
- Nanophotonics Technology Center, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jaime García-Rupérez
- Nanophotonics Technology Center, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022, Valencia, Spain.
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29
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Jeon SW, Kwon K, Han SW, Kim YS, Cho YW, Lim HT, Moon S, Shin H, Jung H. Diamond photonic crystal mirror with a partial bandgap by two 2D photonic crystal layers. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:39048-39057. [PMID: 33379462 DOI: 10.1364/oe.413172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, photonic crystals with a partial bandgap are demonstrated in the visible region using single-crystal diamonds. Quasi-three-dimensional photonic crystal structures are fabricated in the surface of the single-crystal diamonds using a tetrahedron Faraday cage that enables angled dry etching in three directions simultaneously. The reflection spectra can be controlled by varying the lattice constant of the photonic crystals. In addition, nitrogen-vacancy center single-photon sources are implanted on top of the diamond photonic crystals, and doubled collection efficiency from the light sources is achieved.
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30
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Maimouni I, Morvaridi M, Russo M, Lui G, Morozov K, Cossy J, Florescu M, Labousse M, Tabeling P. Micrometric Monodisperse Solid Foams as Complete Photonic Bandgap Materials. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:32061-32068. [PMID: 32530594 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c04031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Solid foams with micrometric pores are used in different fields (filtering, 3D cell culture, etc.), but today, controlling their foam geometry at the pore level, their internal structure, and the monodispersity, along with their mechanical properties, is still a challenge. Existing attempts to create such foams suffer either from slow speed or size limitations (above 80 μm). In this work, by using a temperature-regulated microfluidic process, 3D solid foams with highly monodisperse open pores (PDI lower than 5%), with sizes ranging from 5 to 400 μm and stiffnesses spanning 2 orders of magnitude, are created for the first time. These features open the way for exciting applications, in cell culture, filtering, optics, etc. Here, the focus is set on photonics. Numerically, these foams are shown to open a 3D complete photonic bandgap, with a critical index of 2.80, thus compatible with the use of rutile TiO2. In the field of photonics, such structures represent the first physically realizable self-assembled FCC (face-centered cubic) structure that possesses this functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilham Maimouni
- Microfluidique, MEMS et Nanostructures, Institut Pierre-Gilles de Gennes, CNRS UMR 8231, ESPCI Paris and Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL) Research University, Paris 75005, France
| | - Maryam Morvaridi
- Microfluidique, MEMS et Nanostructures, Institut Pierre-Gilles de Gennes, CNRS UMR 8231, ESPCI Paris and Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL) Research University, Paris 75005, France
| | - Maria Russo
- Microfluidique, MEMS et Nanostructures, Institut Pierre-Gilles de Gennes, CNRS UMR 8231, ESPCI Paris and Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL) Research University, Paris 75005, France
- Molecular, Macromolecular Chemistry and Materials, ESPCI Paris, PSL University, CNRS, Paris 75005, France
| | - Gianluc Lui
- Advanced Technology Institute and Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - Konstantin Morozov
- Department of Chemical Engineering Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Janine Cossy
- Molecular, Macromolecular Chemistry and Materials, ESPCI Paris, PSL University, CNRS, Paris 75005, France
| | - Marian Florescu
- Advanced Technology Institute and Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - Matthieu Labousse
- Gulliver, CNRS UMR 7083, ESPCI Paris and Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL) Research University, Paris 75005, France
| | - Patrick Tabeling
- Microfluidique, MEMS et Nanostructures, Institut Pierre-Gilles de Gennes, CNRS UMR 8231, ESPCI Paris and Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL) Research University, Paris 75005, France
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31
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Vyatskikh A, Ng RC, Edwards B, Briggs RM, Greer JR. Additive Manufacturing of High-Refractive-Index, Nanoarchitected Titanium Dioxide for 3D Dielectric Photonic Crystals. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:3513-3520. [PMID: 32338926 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c00454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Additive manufacturing at small scales enables advances in micro- and nanoelectromechanical systems, micro-optics, and medical devices. Materials that lend themselves to AM at the nanoscale, especially for optical applications, are limited. State-of-the-art AM processes for high-refractive-index materials typically suffer from high porosity and poor repeatability and require complex experimental procedures. We developed an AM process to fabricate complex 3D architectures out of fully dense titanium dioxide (TiO2) with a refractive index of 2.3 and nanosized critical dimensions. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis proves this material to be rutile phase of nanocrystalline TiO2, with an average grain size of 110 nm and <1% porosity. Proof-of-concept woodpile architectures with 300-600 nm beam dimensions exhibit a full photonic band gap centered at 1.8-2.9 μm, as revealed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and supported by plane wave expansion simulations. The developed AM process enables advances in 3D MEMS, micro-optics, and prototyping of 3D dielectric PhCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Vyatskikh
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Ryan C Ng
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Bryce Edwards
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Ryan M Briggs
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, California 91109, United States
| | - Julia R Greer
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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32
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Nagata Y, Michishio K, Iizuka T, Kikutani H, Chiari L, Tanaka F, Nagashima Y. Motion-Induced Transition of Positronium through a Static Periodic Magnetic Field in the Sub-THz Region. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:173202. [PMID: 32412271 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.173202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Atoms moving in a static periodic field experience a time-dependent oscillating field in their own rest frame. By tuning the frequency, an atomic transition can be induced. So far, this type of transition has been demonstrated in the EUV region or at higher frequencies by crystalline fields and in the microwave region by artificial fields. Here, we present the observation of the transition of positronium (Ps) in the sub-THz region by using an energy-tunable Ps beam with a multilayered magnetic grating. This grating produces a microsized periodic field, whose amplitude corresponds to a huge energy flux of ∼100 MW cm^{-2}, resulting in the efficient magnetic dipole transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Nagata
- Department of Physics, Tokyo University of Science, 162-8601 Tokyo, Japan
| | - K Michishio
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 305-8568 Ibaraki, Japan
| | - T Iizuka
- Department of Physics, Tokyo University of Science, 162-8601 Tokyo, Japan
| | - H Kikutani
- Department of Physics, Tokyo University of Science, 162-8601 Tokyo, Japan
| | - L Chiari
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Chiba University, 263-8522 Chiba, Japan
| | - F Tanaka
- Department of Physics, Tokyo University of Science, 162-8601 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Y Nagashima
- Department of Physics, Tokyo University of Science, 162-8601 Tokyo, Japan
- Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
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33
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Tang W, Chen C. Hydrogel-Based Colloidal Photonic Crystal Devices for Glucose Sensing. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E625. [PMID: 32182870 PMCID: PMC7182902 DOI: 10.3390/polym12030625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes, a common epidemic disease, is increasingly hazardous to human health. Monitoring body glucose concentrations for the prevention and therapy of diabetes has become very important. Hydrogel-based responsive photonic crystal (PC) materials are noninvasive options for glucose detection. This article reviews glucose-sensing materials/devices composed of hydrogels and colloidal photonic crystals (CPCs), including the construction of 2D/3D CPCs and 2D/3D hydrogel-based CPCs (HCPCs). The development and mechanisms of glucose-responsive hydrogels and the achieved technologies of HCPC glucose sensors were also concluded. This review concludes by showing a perspective for the future design of CPC glucose biosensors with functional hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwei Tang
- Modern Service Department, College of International Vocational Education, Shanghai Polytechnic University, Shanghai 201209, China;
| | - Cheng Chen
- School of Environmental and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, Shanghai Polytechnic University, Shanghai 201209, China
- Research Center of Resource Recycling Science and Engineering, Shanghai Polytechnic University, Shanghai 201209, China
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34
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Sarkar S, Samanta K, Joseph J. Method for single-shot fabrication of chiral woodpile photonic structures using phase-controlled interference lithography. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:4347-4361. [PMID: 32122089 DOI: 10.1364/oe.384987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this report, we propose a large-area, scalable and reconfigurable single-shot optical fabrication method using phase-controlled interference lithography (PCIL) to realize submicrometer chiral woodpile photonic structures. This proposed technique involves a 3 + 3 double-cone geometry with beams originated from a computed phase mask displayed on a single spatial light modulator. Simulation studies show the filtering response of such structures for linearly polarized plane wave illumination, with structural features tunable through a single parameter of interference angle. Further, these single chiral woodpile structures show dual chirality on illumination with both right circularly and left circularly polarized light through simulation. Experimentally fabricated patterns on photoresist show resemblance to the desired chiral woodpile structures.
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35
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Adhikary M, Uppu R, Harteveld CAM, Grishina DA, Vos WL. Experimental probe of a complete 3D photonic band gap. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:2683-2698. [PMID: 32121951 DOI: 10.1364/oe.28.002683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The identification of a complete three-dimensional (3D) photonic band gap in real crystals typically employs theoretical or numerical models that invoke idealized crystal structures. Such an approach is prone to false positives (gap wrongly assigned) or false negatives (gap missed). Therefore, we propose a purely experimental probe of the 3D photonic band gap that pertains to any class of photonic crystals. We collect reflectivity spectra with a large aperture on exemplary 3D inverse woodpile structures that consist of two perpendicular nanopore arrays etched in silicon. We observe intense reflectivity peaks (R>90%) typical of high-quality crystals with broad stopbands. A resulting parametric plot of s-polarized versus p-polarized stopband width is linear ("y=x"), a characteristic of a 3D photonic band gap, as confirmed by simulations. By scanning the focus across the crystal, we track the polarization-resolved stopbands versus the volume fraction of high-index material and obtain many more parametric data to confirm that the high-NA stopband corresponds to the photonic band gap. This practical probe is model-free and provides fast feedback on the advanced nanofabrication needed for 3D photonic crystals and stimulates practical applications of band gaps in 3D silicon nanophotonics and photonic integrated circuits, photovoltaics, cavity QED, and quantum information processing.
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36
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Chen IT, Schappell E, Zhang X, Chang CH. Continuous roll-to-roll patterning of three-dimensional periodic nanostructures. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2020; 6:22. [PMID: 34567637 PMCID: PMC8433208 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-020-0133-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we introduce a roll-to-roll system that can continuously print three-dimensional (3D) periodic nanostructures over large areas. This approach is based on Langmuir-Blodgett assembly of colloidal nanospheres, which diffract normal incident light to create a complex intensity pattern for near-field nanolithography. The geometry of the 3D nanostructure is defined by the Talbot effect and can be precisely designed by tuning the ratio of the nanosphere diameter to the exposure wavelength. Using this system, we have demonstrated patterning of 3D photonic crystals with a 500 nm period on a 50 × 200 mm2 flexible substrate, with a system throughput of 3 mm/s. The patterning yield is quantitatively analyzed by an automated electron beam inspection method, demonstrating long-term repeatability of an up to 88% yield over a 4-month period. The inspection method can also be employed to examine pattern uniformity, achieving an average yield of up to 78.6% over full substrate areas. The proposed patterning method is highly versatile and scalable as a nanomanufacturing platform and can find application in nanophotonics, nanoarchitected materials, and multifunctional nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Te Chen
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA
| | - Elizabeth Schappell
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA
| | - Xiaolong Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA
| | - Chih-Hao Chang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA
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37
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Grishina D, Harteveld CAM, Pacureanu A, Devashish D, Lagendijk A, Cloetens P, Vos WL. X-ray Imaging of Functional Three-Dimensional Nanostructures on Massive Substrates. ACS NANO 2019; 13:13932-13939. [PMID: 31829557 PMCID: PMC6933814 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b05519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the performance of three-dimensional (3D) nanostructures, it is vital to study their internal structure with a methodology that keeps the device fully functional and ready for further integration. To this aim, we introduce here traceless X-ray tomography (TXT) that combines synchrotron X-ray holographic tomography with high X-ray photon energies (17 keV) in order to study nanostructures "as is" on massive silicon substrates. The combined strengths of TXT are a large total sample size to field-of-view ratio and a large penetration depth. We study exemplary 3D photonic band gap crystals made by CMOS-compatible means and obtain real space 3D density distributions with 55 nm spatial resolution. TXT identifies why nanostructures that look similar in electron microscopy have vastly different nanophotonic functionality: one "good" crystal with a broad photonic gap reveals 3D periodicity as designed; a second "bad" structure without a gap reveals a buried void, and a third "ugly" one without gap is shallow due to fabrication errors. Thus, TXT serves to nondestructively differentiate between the possible reasons of not finding the designed and expected performance and is therefore a powerful tool to critically assess 3D functional nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana
A. Grishina
- Complex
Photonic Systems (COPS), MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis A. M. Harteveld
- Complex
Photonic Systems (COPS), MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | | | - D. Devashish
- Complex
Photonic Systems (COPS), MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Ad Lagendijk
- Complex
Photonic Systems (COPS), MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Cloetens
- ESRF-The
European Synchrotron, CS40220, 38043 Grenoble, France
| | - Willem L. Vos
- Complex
Photonic Systems (COPS), MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
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38
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Cai Y, Jiao X, Chen X, Wang X, Feng S, Wang Z, Wang Y. Low threshold optically pumped lasing from MEH-PPV quasi-periodic photonic crystal microcavity. APPLIED OPTICS 2019; 58:4853-4857. [PMID: 31503800 DOI: 10.1364/ao.58.004853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
An optically pumped two-dimensional organic quasi-crystal microcavity laser is demonstrated based on conjugated polymer poly(2-methoxy, 5-(2'-3ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylene vinylene) (MEH-PPV). The optical resonator consists of the octagonal quasi-crystal for light localization in-plane by the bandgap effect and the distributed Bragg reflector introduced between the slab-substrate interface by inhibiting the scattering and absorption of light in the substrate to achieve vertical confinement of the light. A modified point-defect traps and localizes photons into the microcavity, forcing the wave oscillation along the vertical waveguide. The experimental results show that the single-mode lasing action by optical pumping is observed at 602.2 nm with an FWHM of 0.7 nm. The threshold of lasing is lowered to 6.9 μJ/pulse.
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39
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Shen X, Wu P, Schäfer CG, Guo J, Wang C. Ultrafast assembly of nanoparticles to form smart polymeric photonic crystal films: a new platform for quick detection of solution compositions. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:1253-1261. [PMID: 30603749 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr08544g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Photonic crystals (PCs) are an important subset of photonic materials with specific optical properties, which can be utilized for structural color printing, anti-counterfeiting technologies, chemical sensors and so on. However, the fabrication of scalable, high-quality and uniform photonic crystal films at room temperature still remains a big challenge. Herein, a fast, energy efficient and scalable process is reported for the first time. A high-quality polymeric photonic crystal film can be fabricated from the uniform core/shell particle slurry within several seconds by a calendering process. The obtained crystalline structure can be rapidly captured by photo-curing, and the resultant PC films show extremely strong iridescent tunable structural colors. Because the as-designed PC film matrix is sensitive to solutions with different solubility parameters, a prototype demo sensor is firstly set up for quick detection of the composition of the alcohol/H2O mixture as a model of white spirits, which has the feature of reversible and linear quantitative sensing performance. In addition, the as-prepared PC film is further developed as an inexpensive test strip showing quick detection of ethanol/octane mixtures (possessing different solubility parameters) as a model of ethanol gasoline. This facile, scalable and energy efficient fabrication procedure is exceedingly promising for high-throughput production, showing great potential for industrialization of PC sensors and detectors. The combination of uniform particles and a dispersion medium can be potentially designed for different stimuli responsive systems, which is beneficial for applications ranging from sensing, anti-counterfeiting, to some special optical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuqing Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, China.
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40
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Wang X, Guo X, Ye J, Zheng N, Kohli P, Choi D, Zhang Y, Xie Z, Zhang Q, Luan H, Nan K, Kim BH, Xu Y, Shan X, Bai W, Sun R, Wang Z, Jang H, Zhang F, Ma Y, Xu Z, Feng X, Xie T, Huang Y, Zhang Y, Rogers JA. Freestanding 3D Mesostructures, Functional Devices, and Shape-Programmable Systems Based on Mechanically Induced Assembly with Shape Memory Polymers. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1805615. [PMID: 30370605 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201805615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Capabilities for controlled formation of sophisticated 3D micro/nanostructures in advanced materials have foundational implications across a broad range of fields. Recently developed methods use stress release in prestrained elastomeric substrates as a driving force for assembling 3D structures and functional microdevices from 2D precursors. A limitation of this approach is that releasing these structures from their substrate returns them to their original 2D layouts due to the elastic recovery of the constituent materials. Here, a concept in which shape memory polymers serve as a means to achieve freestanding 3D architectures from the same basic approach is introduced, with demonstrated ability to realize lateral dimensions, characteristic feature sizes, and thicknesses as small as ≈500, 10, and 5 µm simultaneously, and the potential to scale to much larger or smaller dimensions. Wireless electronic devices illustrate the capacity to integrate other materials and functional components into these 3D frameworks. Quantitative mechanics modeling and experimental measurements illustrate not only shape fixation but also capabilities that allow for structure recovery and shape programmability, as a form of 4D structural control. These ideas provide opportunities in fields ranging from micro-electromechanical systems and microrobotics, to smart intravascular stents, tissue scaffolds, and many others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueju Wang
- Simpson Querrey Institute and Feinberg Medical School, Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Xiaogang Guo
- Center for Mechanics and Materials, Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Jilong Ye
- Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Ning Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Punit Kohli
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA
| | - Dongwhi Choi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, South Korea
| | - Yi Zhang
- Simpson Querrey Institute and Feinberg Medical School, Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Department of Biomedical, Biological and Chemical Engineering, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Zhaoqian Xie
- Departments of Civil and Environmental Engineering Mechanical Engineering, and Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Qihui Zhang
- Simpson Querrey Institute and Feinberg Medical School, Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Haiwen Luan
- Departments of Civil and Environmental Engineering Mechanical Engineering, and Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Kewang Nan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Bong Hoon Kim
- Simpson Querrey Institute and Feinberg Medical School, Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Yameng Xu
- Simpson Querrey Institute and Feinberg Medical School, Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Xiwei Shan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Wubin Bai
- Simpson Querrey Institute and Feinberg Medical School, Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Rujie Sun
- Bristol Composites Institute (ACCIS), University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TR, UK
| | - Zizheng Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Hokyung Jang
- Simpson Querrey Institute and Feinberg Medical School, Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Fan Zhang
- Center for Mechanics and Materials, Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Yinji Ma
- Center for Mechanics and Materials, Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Xu
- Center for Mechanics and Materials, Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
- The State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing and Systems Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Xue Feng
- Center for Mechanics and Materials, Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Tao Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Yonggang Huang
- Departments of Civil and Environmental Engineering Mechanical Engineering, and Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Yihui Zhang
- Center for Mechanics and Materials, Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - John A Rogers
- Simpson Querrey Institute and Feinberg Medical School, Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Biomedical Engineering, Neurological Surgery, Chemistry, Mechanical Engineering, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
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Fabrication of Si/graphene/Si Double Heterostructures by Semiconductor Wafer Bonding towards Future Applications in Optoelectronics. NANOMATERIALS 2018; 8:nano8121048. [PMID: 30558134 PMCID: PMC6316097 DOI: 10.3390/nano8121048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A Si/graphene/Si planar double heterostructure has been fabricated by means of semiconductor wafer bonding. The interfacial mechanical stability and interlayer electrical connection have been verified for the structure. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first realization of a monolayer-cored double heterostructure. In addition, a double heterostructure with bilayer graphene has been prepared for bandgap generation and tuning by application of a bias voltage. These structures move towards the realization of versatile graphene optoelectronics, such as an electrically pumped graphene laser. Our Si/graphene/Si double heterostructure is positioned to form a new basis for next-generation nanophotonic devices with high photon and carrier confinements, earth abundance (C, Si), environmental safety (C, Si), and excellent optical and electrical controllability by silicon clads.
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Chen X, Xu H, Hua C, Zhao J, Li Y, Song Y. Synthesis of Silica Microspheres-Inspired by the Formation of Ice Crystals-With High Homogeneous Particle Sizes and Their Applications in Photonic Crystals. MATERIALS 2018; 11:ma11102017. [PMID: 30340331 PMCID: PMC6213217 DOI: 10.3390/ma11102017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Silica microspheres (SMs) must possess the performances of desirable monodispersity, narrow particle size distribution, and high sphericity for preparing photonic crystals (PCs) and other materials such as microspheres reference material, etc. We have adopted the techniques of increasing reactant concentration and raising the temperature to improve the synthesis rate of SMs, gaining inspiration from the formation mechanism of ice crystals. SMs with uniform particle sizes (polydispersity index less than 0.05) and good spherical features were fabricated through homogeneous nucleation. The mathematical relationship between particle sizes of SMs and reactant concentrations is further fitted. High accuracy of the regression equation is verified by an F-test and verification experiment. Highly ordered PCs (the stacking fault is about 1.5%, and the point defect is about 10−3) with dense stacked opal structures have been obtained by self-assembly of SMs. In addition, highly ordered PCs (the stacking fault is about 3%, and the point defect is about 10−3) with non-dense packed opal structure and inverse opal structure were successfully prepared. PCs of inverse opal structure were used to examine their response characteristics to identify ethanol, exhibiting good performance. Our research may provide significant inspiration for the development of other sorts of microspheres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Hongbo Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Chunxia Hua
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Jiupeng Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Yao Li
- Center for Composite Materials and Structure, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Ying Song
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.
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43
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Wang X, Wang Z, Bai L, Wang H, Kang L, Werner DH, Xu M, Li B, Li J, Yu XF. Vivid structural colors from long-range ordered and carbon-integrated colloidal photonic crystals. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:27001-27013. [PMID: 30469776 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.027001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A facile strategy to prepare high-quality colloidal photonic crystals (PCs) with good visibility is proposed. Based on a high refractive-index material (zinc sulfide), highly monodispersed colloidal particles are successfully produced and assembled into long-range ordered crystalline colloidal arrays. The carbon-based materials are in situ incorporated with the long-range ordered colloidal PCs, which endows PCs with the combined characteristics to simultaneously achieve an intense photonic stop band and excellent control of incoherent light scattering. Owing to these merits, the obtained ZnS colloidal PCs have demonstrated strong brightness with the maximum reflectivity of 98%. Moreover, the coloration, saturation, and viewing angle are all improved. This study provides a straightforward and cost-effective strategy to create structural colors with high-quality visibility, which is expected to facilitate future applications of colloidal PCs.
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44
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Law CS, Lim SY, Abell AD, Marsal LF, Santos A. Structural tailoring of nanoporous anodic alumina optical microcavities for enhanced resonant recirculation of light. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:14139-14152. [PMID: 29999512 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr04263b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A comprehensive study about the structural engineering of high quality nanoporous anodic alumina optical microcavities (NAA-μCVs) fabricated by rationally designed anodisation strategies to enhance the light-confining capabilities of these photonic crystal (PC) structures is presented. Two types of NAA-μCV architectures are produced: (i) GIF-NAA-μCVs composed of a cavity layer featuring straight nanopores that is sandwiched between two gradient-index filters (GIFs) with sinusoidally modulated porosity in depth, and (ii) DBR-NAA-μCVs formed by sandwiching a cavity layer with straight nanopores between two distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs), in which the porosity is engineered in a stepwise fashion. The geometric features of GIF-NAA-μCVs and DBR-NAA-μCVs are engineered and optimised through a systematic modification of the anodisation parameters (i.e. cavity anodisation time, cavity anodisation current density, anodisation period and number of anodisation pulses, and pore widening time). This methodology enables fine-tuning of the optical properties of GIF-NAA-μCVs and DBR-NAA-μCVs, such as quality factor and position and width of resonance band, to generate NAA-μCVs with unprecedented quality factors (i.e. 170 ± 8 and 206 ± 10 for the first and second order resonance bands - threefold and fourfold quality enhancement as compared to previous studies). Our results demonstrate that an optimal design of the geometric features and the nanoporous architecture of NAA-μCVs can significantly enhance resonant recirculation of light within these PC structures, creating new opportunities to develop ultrasensitive optical platforms, highly selective optical filters, and other photonic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl Suwen Law
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, 5005 Adelaide, Australia and Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing (IPAS), The University of Adelaide, 5005 Adelaide, Australia. and ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP), The University of Adelaide, 5005 Adelaide, Australia
| | - Siew Yee Lim
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, 5005 Adelaide, Australia and Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing (IPAS), The University of Adelaide, 5005 Adelaide, Australia. and ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP), The University of Adelaide, 5005 Adelaide, Australia
| | - Andrew D Abell
- Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing (IPAS), The University of Adelaide, 5005 Adelaide, Australia. and ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP), The University of Adelaide, 5005 Adelaide, Australia and Department of Chemistry, The University of Adelaide, 5005 Adelaide, Australia
| | - Lluís F Marsal
- Department of Electronic, Electric, and Automatics Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Abel Santos
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, 5005 Adelaide, Australia and Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing (IPAS), The University of Adelaide, 5005 Adelaide, Australia. and ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP), The University of Adelaide, 5005 Adelaide, Australia
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45
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Lim SY, Law CS, Markovic M, Kirby JK, Abell AD, Santos A. Engineering the Slow Photon Effect in Photoactive Nanoporous Anodic Alumina Gradient-Index Filters for Photocatalysis. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:24124-24136. [PMID: 29939009 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b05946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we explore for the first time the capabilities of nanoporous anodic alumina gradient-index filters (NAA-GIFs) functionalized with titanium dioxide (TiO2) photoactive layers to enhance photon-to-electron conversion rates and improve the efficiency of photocatalytic reactions by "slow photon" effect. A set of NAA-GIFs was fabricated by sinusoidal pulse anodization, in which a systematic modification of various anodization parameters (i.e., pore widening time, anodization period, and anodization time) enables the fine-tuning of the photonic stopband (PSB) of these nanoporous photonic crystals (PCs) across the spectral regions. The surface of NAA-GIFs was chemically modified with photoactive layers of TiO2 to create a composite photoactive material with precisely engineered optical properties. The photocatalytic performance of TiO2-functionalized NAA-GIFs was assessed by studying the photodegradation of three model organic dyes (i.e., methyl orange, Rhodamine B, and methylene blue) with well-defined absorption bands across different spectral regions under simulated irradiation conditions. Our study demonstrates that when the edges of characteristic PSB of TiO2-modified NAA-GIFs are completely or partially aligned with the absorption band of the organic dyes, the photodegradation rate is enhanced due to "slow photon" effect. A rational design of the photocatalyst material with respect to the organic dye is demonstrated to be optimal to speed up photocatalytic reactions by an efficient management of photons from high-irradiance spectral regions. This provides new opportunities to develop high-performing photocatalytic materials for efficient photocatalysis with broad applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siew Yee Lim
- School of Chemical Engineering , The University of Adelaide , Adelaide , South Australia 5005 , Australia
- Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing (IPAS) , The University of Adelaide , Adelaide , South Australia 5005 , Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP) , The University of Adelaide , Adelaide , South Australia 5005 , Australia
| | - Cheryl Suwen Law
- School of Chemical Engineering , The University of Adelaide , Adelaide , South Australia 5005 , Australia
- Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing (IPAS) , The University of Adelaide , Adelaide , South Australia 5005 , Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP) , The University of Adelaide , Adelaide , South Australia 5005 , Australia
| | - Marijana Markovic
- School of Agriculture Food and Wine , The University of Adelaide , Adelaide , South Australia 5064 , Australia
- CSIRO Land and Water , Adelaide , South Australia 5064 , Australia
| | - Jason K Kirby
- CSIRO Land and Water , Adelaide , South Australia 5064 , Australia
| | - Andrew D Abell
- Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing (IPAS) , The University of Adelaide , Adelaide , South Australia 5005 , Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP) , The University of Adelaide , Adelaide , South Australia 5005 , Australia
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Adelaide , Adelaide , South Australia 5005 , Australia
| | - Abel Santos
- School of Chemical Engineering , The University of Adelaide , Adelaide , South Australia 5005 , Australia
- Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing (IPAS) , The University of Adelaide , Adelaide , South Australia 5005 , Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP) , The University of Adelaide , Adelaide , South Australia 5005 , Australia
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Wang F, Cheng YZ, Wang X, Zhang YN, Nie Y, Gong RZ. Narrow Band Filter at 1550 nm Based on Quasi-One-Dimensional Photonic Crystal with a Mirror-Symmetric Heterostructure. MATERIALS 2018; 11:ma11071099. [PMID: 29954147 PMCID: PMC6073759 DOI: 10.3390/ma11071099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we present a high-efficiency narrow band filter (NBF) based on quasi-one-dimensional photonic crystal (PC) with a mirror symmetric heterostructure. Similarly to the Fabry-Perot-like resonance cavity, the alternately-arranged dielectric layers on both sides act as the high reflectance and the junction layers used as the defect mode of the quasi-one-dimensional PC, which can be designed as a NBF. The critical conditions for the narrow pass band with high transmittance are demonstrated and analyzed by simulation and experiment. The simulation results indicate that the transmission peak of the quasi-one-dimensional PC-based NBF is up to 95.99% at the telecommunication wavelength of 1550 nm, which agrees well with the experiment. Furthermore, the influences of the periodicity and thickness of dielectric layers on the transmission properties of the PC-based NBF also have been studied numerically. Due to its favorable properties of PC-based NBF, it is can be found to have many potential applications, such as detection, sensing, and communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Yong Zhi Cheng
- Engineering Research Center for Metallurgical Automation and Detecting Technology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China.
| | - Xian Wang
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Yi Nan Zhang
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Yan Nie
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Rong Zhou Gong
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
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Engineering of Hybrid Nanoporous Anodic Alumina Photonic Crystals by Heterogeneous Pulse Anodization. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9455. [PMID: 29930341 PMCID: PMC6013466 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27775-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we present an advanced nanofabrication approach, so-called ‘heterogeneous pulse anodization’ (HPA), in which galvanostatic stepwise and apodized sinusoidal pulse anodizations are combined in a single process. This novel anodization method enables the precise optical engineering of the characteristic photonic stopbands (PSBs) of nanoporous anodic alumina photonic crystals (NAA-PCs). The resulting structures are hybrid PCs (Hy-NAA-PCs) composed of distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs) and apodized gradient-index filters (APO-GIFs) embedded within the same PC structure. The modification of various anodization parameters such as anodization period, relative and total anodization time, structural arrangement of PCs within Hy-NAA-PCs, and pore widening time allows the fine-tuning of the PSBs’ features (i.e. number, position and bandwidth of central wavelength) across the spectral regions. The effects of these fabrication parameters are systematically assessed, revealing that the positions of the characteristic transmission bands of Hy-NAA-PCs are highly controllable. Our study provides a comprehensive rationale towards the development of unique Hy-NAA-PCs with controllable optical properties, which could open new opportunities for a plethora of applications.
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48
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Ultraviolet Laser Lithography of Titania Photonic Crystals for Terahertz-Wave Modulation. MATERIALS 2018; 11:ma11050835. [PMID: 29783660 PMCID: PMC5978212 DOI: 10.3390/ma11050835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) microphotonic crystals with a diamond structure composed of titania microlattices were fabricated using ultraviolet laser lithography, and the bandgap properties in the terahertz (THz) electromagnetic-wave frequency region were investigated. An acrylic resin paste with titania fine particle dispersions was used as the raw material for additive manufacturing. By scanning a spread paste surface with an ultraviolet laser beam, two-dimensional solid patterns were dewaxed and sintered. Subsequently, 3D structures with a relative density of 97% were created via layer lamination and joining. A titania diamond lattice with a lattice constant density of 240 µm was obtained. The properties of the electromagnetic wave were measured using a THz time-domain spectrometer. In the transmission spectra for the Γ-X direction, a forbidden band was observed from 0.26 THz to 0.44 THz. The frequency range of the bandgap agreed well with calculated results obtained using the plane⁻wave expansion method. Additionally, results of a simulation via transmission-line modeling indicated that a localized mode can be obtained by introducing a plane defect between twinned diamond lattice structures.
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49
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Greer JR, Park J. Additive Manufacturing of Nano- and Microarchitected Materials. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:2187-2188. [PMID: 29635920 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b00724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
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50
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Epstein I, Suchowski H, Weisman D, Remez R, Arie A. Observation of linear plasmonic breathers and adiabatic elimination in a plasmonic multi-level coupled system. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:1433-1442. [PMID: 29402017 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.001433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We provide experimental and numerical demonstrations of plasmonic propagation dynamics in a multi-level coupled system, and present the first observation of plasmonic breathers propagating in such systems. The effect is observed both for the simplest symmetric case of a thin metal layer surrounded by two identical dielectrics, and also for a more complex system that includes five and more layers. By a careful choice of the permittivities and thicknesses of the intermediate layers, we can adiabatically eliminate the plasmonic waves in all the intermediate interfaces, thus enabling efficient vertical delivery and extraction of plasmonic signals between the top layer and deeply buried layers. The observation relies on controlling the excited mode by breaking the symmetry of excitation, which is crucial for obtaining the results experimentally. We also observe this breathing effect for transversely shaped plasmonic beams, with Hermite-Gauss, Airy and Weber wavefronts, that despite the oscillatory nature of propagation in such systems, still preserve all their unique wavefront properties. Finally, we show that such approaches can be extended to plasmonic propagation in a general multi-layered system, opening a path for efficient three-dimensional integrated plasmonic circuitry.
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