1
|
Bou Ghanem GO, Wareham LK, Calkins DJ. Addressing neurodegeneration in glaucoma: Mechanisms, challenges, and treatments. Prog Retin Eye Res 2024; 100:101261. [PMID: 38527623 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2024.101261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness globally. The disease causes vision loss due to neurodegeneration of the retinal ganglion cell (RGC) projection to the brain through the optic nerve. Glaucoma is associated with sensitivity to intraocular pressure (IOP). Thus, mainstay treatments seek to manage IOP, though many patients continue to lose vision. To address neurodegeneration directly, numerous preclinical studies seek to develop protective or reparative therapies that act independently of IOP. These include growth factors, compounds targeting metabolism, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agents, and neuromodulators. Despite success in experimental models, many of these approaches fail to translate into clinical benefits. Several factors contribute to this challenge. Firstly, the anatomic structure of the optic nerve head differs between rodents, nonhuman primates, and humans. Additionally, animal models do not replicate the complex glaucoma pathophysiology in humans. Therefore, to enhance the success of translating these findings, we propose two approaches. First, thorough evaluation of experimental targets in multiple animal models, including nonhuman primates, should precede clinical trials. Second, we advocate for combination therapy, which involves using multiple agents simultaneously, especially in the early and potentially reversible stages of the disease. These strategies aim to increase the chances of successful neuroprotective treatment for glaucoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ghazi O Bou Ghanem
- Vanderbilt Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Lauren K Wareham
- Vanderbilt Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - David J Calkins
- Vanderbilt Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wei SL, Yang CL, Si WY, Dong J, Zhao XL, Zhang P, Li H, Wang CC, Zhang M, Li XL, Duan RS. Altered serum levels of cytokines in patients with myasthenia gravis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23745. [PMID: 38192761 PMCID: PMC10772159 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disease characterized by generalized skeletal muscle contraction weakness due to autoantibodies targeting neural-muscular junctions. Here, we investigated the relationship between key cytokines and MG type, disease course, antibodies, and comorbidities. Method Cytokine levels in serum samples collected from MG (n = 45) and healthy control (HC, n = 38) patients from January 2020 to June 2022 were quantified via flow cytometry. Results Levels of IL-6 were higher in the MG group versus healthy individuals (p = 0.026) and in patients with generalized versus ocular MG (p = 0.019). IL-6 levels were positively correlated with QMG score. In patients with MG with both AChR and Titin antibodies, serum levels of sFas and granulysin were higher than in those with AChR alone (p = 0.036, and p = 0.028, respectively). LOMG had a reduction in serum levels of IL-2 compared to EOMG (p = 0.036). LOMG patients with diabetes had lower serum levels of IL-2, IL-4, and IFN-γ (p = 0.044, p = 0.038, and p = 0.047, respectively) versus those without diabetes. sFas in the MG with Abnormal thymus were reduced compared to those in MG with Normal thymus (p = 0.008). Conclusions This study revealed a positive correlation between IL-6 level and MG status. Serum cytokine levels of the AChR + Titin MG group differed from those of the AChR group. LOMG had a lower IL-2 level. Comorbidities affect some cytokines in peripheral blood in MG serum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Li Wei
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250014, PR China
| | - Chun-Lin Yang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan 250014, PR China
- Shandong Institute of Neuroimmunology, Jinan 250014, PR China
- Shandong Provincial Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Jinan 250014, PR China
| | - Wei-Yue Si
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250014, PR China
| | - Jing Dong
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan 250014, PR China
| | - Xue-Lu Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan 250014, PR China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan 250014, PR China
- Shandong Institute of Neuroimmunology, Jinan 250014, PR China
- Shandong Provincial Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Jinan 250014, PR China
| | - Heng Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan 250014, PR China
- Shandong Institute of Neuroimmunology, Jinan 250014, PR China
- Shandong Provincial Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Jinan 250014, PR China
| | - Cong-Cong Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan 250014, PR China
- Shandong Institute of Neuroimmunology, Jinan 250014, PR China
- Shandong Provincial Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Jinan 250014, PR China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan 250014, PR China
- Shandong Institute of Neuroimmunology, Jinan 250014, PR China
- Shandong Provincial Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Jinan 250014, PR China
| | - Xiao-Li Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan 250014, PR China
- Shandong Institute of Neuroimmunology, Jinan 250014, PR China
- Shandong Provincial Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Jinan 250014, PR China
| | - Rui-Sheng Duan
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250014, PR China
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan 250014, PR China
- Shandong Institute of Neuroimmunology, Jinan 250014, PR China
- Shandong Provincial Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Jinan 250014, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang Y, Du L, Wang C, Jiang Z, Duan Q, Li Y, Xie Z, He Z, Sun Y, Huang L, Lu L, Wen C. Neddylation is a novel therapeutic target for lupus by regulating double negative T cell homeostasis. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:18. [PMID: 38221551 PMCID: PMC10788348 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01709-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), a severe autoimmune disorder, is characterized by systemic inflammatory response, autoantibody accumulation and damage to organs. The dysregulation of double-negative (DN) T cells is considered as a crucial commander during SLE. Neddylation, a significant type of protein post-translational modification (PTM), has been well-proved to regulate T cell-mediated immune response. However, the function of neddylation in SLE is still unknown. Here, we reported that neddylation inactivation with MLN4924, a specific inhibitor of NEDD8-activating enzyme E1 (NAE1), or genetic abrogation of Ube2m in T cells decreased DN T cell accumulation and attenuated murine lupus development. Further investigations revealed that inactivation of neddylation blocked Bim ubiquitination degradation and maintained Bim level in DN T cells, contributing to the apoptosis of the accumulated DN T cells in lupus mice. Then double knockout (KO) lupus-prone mice (Ube2m-/-Bim-/-lpr) were generated and results showed that loss of Bim reduced Ube2m deficiency-induced apoptosis in DN T cells and reversed the alleviated lupus progression. Our findings identified that neddylation inactivation promoted Bim-mediated DN T cell apoptosis and attenuated lupus progression. Clinically, we also found that in SLE patients, the proportion of DN T cells was raised and their apoptosis was reduced. Moreover, compared to healthy groups, SLE patients exhibited decreased Bim levels and elevated Cullin1 neddylation levels. Meantime, the inhibition of neddylation induced Bim-dependent apoptosis of DN T cells isolated from SLE patients. Altogether, our findings provide the direct evidence about the function of neddylation during lupus, suggesting a promising therapeutic approach for this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese medicine rheumatology of Zhejiang Province, Research Institute of Chinese Medical Clinical Foundation and Immunology, College of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Lijun Du
- Key Laboratory of Chinese medicine rheumatology of Zhejiang Province, Research Institute of Chinese Medical Clinical Foundation and Immunology, College of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Chenxi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese medicine rheumatology of Zhejiang Province, Research Institute of Chinese Medical Clinical Foundation and Immunology, College of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Zhangsheng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese medicine rheumatology of Zhejiang Province, Research Institute of Chinese Medical Clinical Foundation and Immunology, College of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Qingchi Duan
- Key Laboratory of Chinese medicine rheumatology of Zhejiang Province, Research Institute of Chinese Medical Clinical Foundation and Immunology, College of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Yiping Li
- Key Laboratory of Chinese medicine rheumatology of Zhejiang Province, Research Institute of Chinese Medical Clinical Foundation and Immunology, College of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Zhijun Xie
- Key Laboratory of Chinese medicine rheumatology of Zhejiang Province, Research Institute of Chinese Medical Clinical Foundation and Immunology, College of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Zhixing He
- Key Laboratory of Chinese medicine rheumatology of Zhejiang Province, Research Institute of Chinese Medical Clinical Foundation and Immunology, College of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Yi Sun
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education) of the Second Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310029, China
- Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029, China
| | - Lin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese medicine rheumatology of Zhejiang Province, Research Institute of Chinese Medical Clinical Foundation and Immunology, College of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
| | - Liwei Lu
- Department of Pathology and Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- Chongqing International Institute for Immunology, Chongqing, 400038, China.
| | - Chengping Wen
- Key Laboratory of Chinese medicine rheumatology of Zhejiang Province, Research Institute of Chinese Medical Clinical Foundation and Immunology, College of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Jiang T, Xia Y, Wang W, Zhao J, Liu W, Liu S, Shi S, Li B, He X, Jin Y. Apoptotic bodies inhibit inflammation by PDL1-PD1-mediated macrophage metabolic reprogramming. Cell Prolif 2024; 57:e13531. [PMID: 37553821 PMCID: PMC10771117 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis triggers immunoregulation to prevent and suppress inflammation and autoimmunity. However, the mechanism by which apoptotic cells modulate immune responses remains largely elusive. In the context of allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) transplantation, long-term immunoregulation is observed in the host despite the short survive of the injected MSCs. In this study, utilizing a mouse model of acute lung injury (ALI), we demonstrate that apoptotic bodies (ABs) released by transplanted human umbilical cord MSCs (UC-MSCs) convert the macrophages from a pro-inflammatory to an anti-inflammatory state, thereby ameliorating the disease. Mechanistically, we identify the expression of programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PDL1) on the membrane of UC-MSCs-derived ABs, which interacts with programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1) on host macrophages. This interaction leads to the reprogramming of macrophage metabolism, shifting from glycolysis to mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation via the Erk-dependent pathway in ALI. Importantly, we have reproduced the PDL1-PD1 effects of ABs on metabolic switch using alveolar macrophages from patients with ALI, suggesting the potential clinical implications of developing therapeutic strategies for the patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Yanmin Xia
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of StomatologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Wenzhe Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of StomatologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Jinbo Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Wenhao Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Shiyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of StomatologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Songtao Shi
- South China Center of Craniofacial Stem Cell Research, Guanghua School of StomatologySun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Bei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of StomatologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Xiaoning He
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of StomatologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Yan Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of StomatologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Crescenzi E, Mellone S, Gragnano G, Iaccarino A, Leonardi A, Pacifico F. NGAL Mediates Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma Cells Survival Through FAS/CD95 Inhibition. Endocrinology 2023; 165:bqad190. [PMID: 38091978 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqad190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), a siderophore-mediated iron binding protein, is highly expressed in human anaplastic thyroid carcinomas (ATCs) where it plays pleiotropic protumorigenic roles including that of a prosurvival protein. Here we show that NGAL inhibits FAS/CD95 death receptor to control ATC cell survival. FAS/CD95 expression in human specimens from patients with ATC and in ATC-derived cell lines negatively correlate with NGAL expression. Silencing of NGAL in ATC cells leads to FAS/CD95 upregulation, whereas NGAL overexpression determines the opposite effect. As a result, an agonist anti-FAS/CD95 antibody induces cell death in NGAL-silenced cells while it is ineffective on NGAL-overexpressing cells. Interestingly, the inhibitory activity of NGAL on FAS/CD95 is due to its iron carrier property given that perturbing iron homeostasis of NGAL-proficient and -deficient ATC cells directly influences FAS/CD95 expression. Accordingly, conditioned media containing a mutant form of NGAL unable to bind siderophores cannot rescue cells from FAS/CD95-dependent death, whereas NGAL wild type-containing conditioned media abolish the effects of the agonist antibody. We also find that downregulation of FAS/CD95 expression is mediated by iron-dependent NGAL suppression of p53 transcriptional activity. Our results indicate that NGAL contributes to ATC cell survival by iron-mediated inhibition of p53-dependent FAS/CD95 expression and suggest that restoring FAS/CD95 by NGAL suppression could be a helpful strategy to kill ATC cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elvira Crescenzi
- Istituto di Endocrinologia ed Oncologia Sperimentale, CNR, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Stefano Mellone
- Istituto di Endocrinologia ed Oncologia Sperimentale, CNR, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Gianluca Gragnano
- Dipartimento di Salute Pubblica, "Federico II" University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonino Iaccarino
- Dipartimento di Salute Pubblica, "Federico II" University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Leonardi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, "Federico II" University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Pacifico
- Istituto di Endocrinologia ed Oncologia Sperimentale, CNR, 80131 Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lindrova I, Kolackova M, Svadlakova T, Vankova R, Chmelarova M, Rosecka M, Jozifkova E, Sembera M, Krejsek J, Slezak R. Unsolved mystery of Fas: mononuclear cells may have trouble dying in patients with Sjögren's syndrome. BMC Immunol 2023; 24:12. [PMID: 37353767 PMCID: PMC10288785 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-023-00544-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with Sjögren's syndrome, like other patients with autoimmune disorders, display dysregulation in the function of their immune system. Fas and Fas Ligand (FasL) are among the dysregulated proteins. METHODS We studied Fas and FasL on IL-2Rα+ cells and in serum of patients with Sjögren's syndrome (n = 16) and healthy individuals (n = 16); both from same ethnic and geographical background. We used flow cytometry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent for this purpose. We also measured the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax by reverse transcription quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) and percentage of apoptotic and dead cells using Annexin V and 7-AAD staining in lymphocytes. RESULTS FasL was increased in patients' T and B cells while Fas was increased in patients' monocytes, T and B cells. No signs of increased apoptosis were found. sFas and sFasL in patients' serum were increased, although the increase in sFasL was not significant. We suspect an effect of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory therapy on B cells, explaining the decrease of the percentage Fas+ B cells found within our samples. In healthy individuals, there was a noticeable pattern in the expression of FasL which mutually correlated to populations of mononuclear cells; this correlation was absent in the patients with Sjögren's syndrome. CONCLUSIONS Mononuclear cells expressing IL-2Rα+ had upregulated Fas in Sjögren's syndrome. However, the rate of apoptosis based on Annexin V staining and the Bcl-2/Bax expression was not observed in mononuclear cells. We suspect a functional role of abnormal levels of Fas and FasL which has not been cleared yet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irena Lindrova
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University and University Hospital, Sokolska 581, 500 05, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Kolackova
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Simkova 870, 500 03, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| | - Tereza Svadlakova
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Simkova 870, 500 03, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Radka Vankova
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Simkova 870, 500 03, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Marcela Chmelarova
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, University Hospital, Sokolska 581, 500 05, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Rosecka
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Simkova 870, 500 03, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Jozifkova
- Department of Biology, Jan Evangelista Purkyne University, Za Valcovnou 1000/8, 400 96, Usti and Labem, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Sembera
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University and University Hospital, Sokolska 581, 500 05, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Krejsek
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Simkova 870, 500 03, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Radovan Slezak
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University and University Hospital, Sokolska 581, 500 05, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Guo Z, Li Z, Zhang M, Bao M, He B, Zhou X. LncRNA FAS-AS1 upregulated by its genetic variation rs6586163 promotes cell apoptosis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma through regulating mitochondria function and Fas splicing. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8218. [PMID: 37217794 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35502-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a common head and neck malignant with a high incidence in Southern China. Genetic aberrations play a vital role in the pathogenesis, progression and prognosis of NPC. In the present study, we elucidated the underlying mechanism of FAS-AS1 and its genetic variation rs6586163 in NPC. We demonstrated that FAS-AS1 rs6586163 variant genotype carriers were associated with lower risk of NPC (CC vs. AA, OR = 0.645, P = 0.006) and better overall survival (AC + CC vs. AA, HR = 0.667, P = 0.030). Mechanically, rs6586163 increased the transcriptional activity of FAS-AS1 and contributed to ectopic overexpression of FAS-AS1 in NPC. rs6586163 also exhibited an eQTL trait and the genes affected by rs6586163 were enriched in apoptosis related signaling pathway. FAS-AS1 was downregulated in NPC tissues and over-expression of FAS-AS1 was associated with early clinical stage and better short-term treatment efficacy for NPC patients. Overexpression of FAS-AS1 inhibited NPC cell viability and promoted cell apoptosis. GSEA analysis of RNA-seq data suggested FAS-AS1 participate in mitochondria regulation and mRNA alternative splicing. Transmission electron microscopic examination verified that the mitochondria was swelled, the mitochondrial cristae was fragmented or disappeared, and their structures were destroyed in FAS-AS1 overexpressed cells. Furthermore, we identified HSP90AA1, CS, BCL2L1, SOD2 and PPARGC1A as the top 5 hub genes of FAS-AS1 regulated genes involved in mitochondria function. We also proved FAS-AS1 could affect Fas splicing isoform sFas/mFas expression ratio, and apoptotic protein expression, thus leading to increased apoptosis. Our study provided the first evidence that FAS-AS1 and its genetic polymorphism rs6586163 triggered apoptosis in NPC, which might have a potential as new biomarkers for NPC susceptibility and prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Guo
- Academician Workstation, Changsha Medical University, LeiFeng Avenue No.1501, Changsha, 410219, People's Republic of China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of the Fundamental and Clinical Research on Functional Nucleic Acid, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, 410219, People's Republic of China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of the Research and Development of Novel Pharmaceutical Preparations, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, 410219, People's Republic of China
| | - ZiBo Li
- Academician Workstation, Changsha Medical University, LeiFeng Avenue No.1501, Changsha, 410219, People's Republic of China
| | - MengLing Zhang
- School of Stomatology, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, 410219, People's Republic of China
| | - MeiHua Bao
- Academician Workstation, Changsha Medical University, LeiFeng Avenue No.1501, Changsha, 410219, People's Republic of China
| | - BinSheng He
- Academician Workstation, Changsha Medical University, LeiFeng Avenue No.1501, Changsha, 410219, People's Republic of China
| | - XiaoLong Zhou
- Academician Workstation, Changsha Medical University, LeiFeng Avenue No.1501, Changsha, 410219, People's Republic of China.
- Hunan Key Laboratory of the Fundamental and Clinical Research on Functional Nucleic Acid, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, 410219, People's Republic of China.
- Hunan Key Laboratory of the Research and Development of Novel Pharmaceutical Preparations, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, 410219, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Costa F, Beltrami E, Mellone S, Sacchetti S, Boggio E, Gigliotti CL, Stoppa I, Dianzani U, Rolla R, Giordano M. Genes and Microbiota Interaction in Monogenic Autoimmune Disorders. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1127. [PMID: 37189745 PMCID: PMC10135656 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11041127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Monogenic autoimmune disorders represent an important tool to understand the mechanisms behind central and peripheral immune tolerance. Multiple factors, both genetic and environmental, are known to be involved in the alteration of the immune activation/immune tolerance homeostasis typical of these disorders, making it difficult to control the disease. The latest advances in genetic analysis have contributed to a better and more rapid diagnosis, although the management remains confined to the treatment of clinical manifestations, as there are limited studies on rare diseases. Recently, the correlation between microbiota composition and the onset of autoimmune disorders has been investigated, thus opening up new perspectives on the cure of monogenic autoimmune diseases. In this review, we will summarize the main genetic features of both organ-specific and systemic monogenic autoimmune diseases, reporting on the available literature data on microbiota alterations in these patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Federica Costa
- Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (F.C.); (S.S.); (E.B.); (C.L.G.); (I.S.); (R.R.); (M.G.)
| | - Eleonora Beltrami
- Maggiore della Carità University Hospital, 28100 Novara, Italy; (E.B.); (S.M.)
| | - Simona Mellone
- Maggiore della Carità University Hospital, 28100 Novara, Italy; (E.B.); (S.M.)
| | - Sara Sacchetti
- Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (F.C.); (S.S.); (E.B.); (C.L.G.); (I.S.); (R.R.); (M.G.)
| | - Elena Boggio
- Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (F.C.); (S.S.); (E.B.); (C.L.G.); (I.S.); (R.R.); (M.G.)
| | - Casimiro Luca Gigliotti
- Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (F.C.); (S.S.); (E.B.); (C.L.G.); (I.S.); (R.R.); (M.G.)
| | - Ian Stoppa
- Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (F.C.); (S.S.); (E.B.); (C.L.G.); (I.S.); (R.R.); (M.G.)
| | - Umberto Dianzani
- Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (F.C.); (S.S.); (E.B.); (C.L.G.); (I.S.); (R.R.); (M.G.)
- Maggiore della Carità University Hospital, 28100 Novara, Italy; (E.B.); (S.M.)
| | - Roberta Rolla
- Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (F.C.); (S.S.); (E.B.); (C.L.G.); (I.S.); (R.R.); (M.G.)
- Maggiore della Carità University Hospital, 28100 Novara, Italy; (E.B.); (S.M.)
| | - Mara Giordano
- Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (F.C.); (S.S.); (E.B.); (C.L.G.); (I.S.); (R.R.); (M.G.)
- Maggiore della Carità University Hospital, 28100 Novara, Italy; (E.B.); (S.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
ElHady AK, El-Gamil DS, Abadi AH, Abdel-Halim M, Engel M. An overview of cdc2-like kinase 1 (Clk1) inhibitors and their therapeutic indications. Med Res Rev 2023; 43:343-398. [PMID: 36262046 DOI: 10.1002/med.21928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decade, Clk1 has been identified as a promising target for the treatment of various diseases, in which deregulated alternative splicing plays a role. First small molecules targeting Clk1 are in clinical trials for the treatment of solid cancer, where variants of oncogenic proteins derived from alternative splicing promote tumor progression. Since many infectious pathogens hi-jack the host cell's splicing machinery to ensure efficient replication, further indications in this area are under investigation, such as Influenza A, HIV-1 virus, and Trypanosoma infections, and more will likely be discovered in the future. In addition, Clk1 was found to contribute to the progression of Alzheimer's disease through causing an imbalance of tau splicing products. Interestingly, homozygous Clk1 knockout mice showed a rather mild phenotype, opposed to what might be expected in view of the profound role of Clk1 in alternative splicing. A major drawback of most Clk1 inhibitors is their insufficient selectivity; in particular, Dyrk kinases and haspin were frequently identified as off-targets, besides the other Clk isoforms. Only few inhibitors were shown to be selective over Dyrk1A and haspin, whereas no Clk1 inhibitor so far achieved selectivity over the Clk4 isoform. In this review, we carefully compiled all Clk1 inhibitors from the scientific literature and summarized their structure-activity relationships (SAR). In addition, we critically discuss the available selectivity data and describe the inhibitor's efficacy in cellular models, if reported. Thus, we provide a comprehensive overview on the current state of Clk1 drug discovery and highlight the most promising chemotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed K ElHady
- Department of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire Hosted by Global Academic Foundation, New Administrative Capital, Cairo, Egypt.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dalia S El-Gamil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ashraf H Abadi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohammad Abdel-Halim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Matthias Engel
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Apoptotic extracellular vesicles are metabolized regulators nurturing the skin and hair. Bioact Mater 2023; 19:626-641. [PMID: 35600968 PMCID: PMC9109130 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Over 300 billion of cells die every day in the human body, producing a large number of endogenous apoptotic extracellular vesicles (apoEVs). Also, allogenic stem cell transplantation, a commonly used therapeutic approach in current clinical practice, generates exogenous apoEVs. It is well known that phagocytic cells engulf and digest apoEVs to maintain the body's homeostasis. In this study, we show that a fraction of exogenous apoEVs is metabolized in the integumentary skin and hair follicles. Mechanistically, apoEVs activate the Wnt/β-catenin pathway to facilitate their metabolism in a wave-like pattern. The migration of apoEVs is enhanced by treadmill exercise and inhibited by tail suspension, which is associated with the mechanical force-regulated expression of DKK1 in circulation. Furthermore, we show that exogenous apoEVs promote wound healing and hair growth via activation of Wnt/β-catenin pathway in skin and hair follicle mesenchymal stem cells. This study reveals a previously unrecognized metabolic pathway of apoEVs and opens a new avenue for exploring apoEV-based therapy for skin and hair disorders. Exogenous infused apoEVs are partly metabolized from the integumentary skin and hair follicles. ApoEVs activate Wnt/β-catenin pathway to facilitate their elimination in a wave-like pattern. Exercise can enhance apoEV metabolism through Wnt/β-catenin pathway. MSC-derived apoEVs promote wound healing and hair growth.
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhang Y, Jin T, Dou Z, Wei B, Zhang B, Sun C. The dual role of the CD95 and CD95L signaling pathway in glioblastoma. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1029737. [PMID: 36505426 PMCID: PMC9730406 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1029737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Binding of CD95, a cell surface death receptor, to its homologous ligand CD95L, transduces a cascade of downstream signals leading to apoptosis crucial for immune homeostasis and immune surveillance. Although CD95 and CD95L binding classically induces programmed cell death, most tumor cells show resistance to CD95L-induced apoptosis. In some cancers, such as glioblastoma, CD95-CD95L binding can exhibit paradoxical functions that promote tumor growth by inducing inflammation, regulating immune cell homeostasis, and/or promoting cell survival, proliferation, migration, and maintenance of the stemness of cancer cells. In this review, potential mechanisms such as the expression of apoptotic inhibitor proteins, decreased activity of downstream elements, production of nonapoptotic soluble CD95L, and non-apoptotic signals that replace apoptotic signals in cancer cells are summarized. CD95L is also expressed by other types of cells, such as endothelial cells, polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells, cancer-associated fibroblasts, and tumor-associated microglia, and macrophages, which are educated by the tumor microenvironment and can induce apoptosis of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, which recognize and kill cancer cells. The dual role of the CD95-CD95L system makes targeted therapy strategies against CD95 or CD95L in glioblastoma difficult and controversial. In this review, we also discuss the current status and perspective of clinical trials on glioblastoma based on the CD95-CD95L signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanrui Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Taian Jin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhangqi Dou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Boxing Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Buyi Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Buyi Zhang, ; Chongran Sun,
| | - Chongran Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China,Key Laboratory of Precise Treatment and Clinical Translational Research of Neurological Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China,Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China,*Correspondence: Buyi Zhang, ; Chongran Sun,
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Thupakula S, Nimmala SSR, Ravula H, Chekuri S, Padiya R. Emerging biomarkers for the detection of cardiovascular diseases. Egypt Heart J 2022; 74:77. [PMID: 36264449 PMCID: PMC9584006 DOI: 10.1186/s43044-022-00317-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been continuously increasing, and this trend is projected to continue. CVD is rapidly becoming a significant public health issue. Every year there is a spike in hospital cases of CVD, a critical health concern in lower- and middle-income countries. Based on identification of novel biomarkers, it would be necessary to study and evaluate the diagnostic requirements or CVD to expedite early detection. Main body The literature review was written using a wide range of sources, such as well-known medical journals, electronic databases, manuscripts, texts, and other writings from the university library. After that, we analysed the specific markers of CVD and compiled a systematic review. A growing body of clinical research aims to identify people who are at risk for cardiovascular disease by looking for biomolecules. A small number of biomarkers have been shown to be useful and reliable in medicine. Biomarkers can be used for a variety of clinical applications, such as predicting heart disease risk, diagnosing disease, or predicting outcomes. As a result of the ability for a single molecule to act as a biomarker, its usefulness in medicine is expected to increase significantly. Conclusions Based on assessing the current trends in the application of CVD markers, we discussed and described the requirements for the application of CVD biomarkers in coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, rheumatic heart disease, and other cardiovascular illnesses. Furthermore, the current review focuses on biomarkers for CVD and the procedures that should be considered to establish the comprehensive nature of the expression of biomarkers for cardiovascular illness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sreenu Thupakula
- grid.412419.b0000 0001 1456 3750Department of Biochemistry, Osmania University, Amberpet, Hyderabad, Telangana 500007 India
| | - Shiva Shankar Reddy Nimmala
- grid.412419.b0000 0001 1456 3750Department of Biochemistry, Osmania University, Amberpet, Hyderabad, Telangana 500007 India
| | - Haritha Ravula
- grid.18048.350000 0000 9951 5557Department of Plant Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Gopanpalle, Hyderabad, Telangana 500019 India
| | - Sudhakar Chekuri
- grid.412419.b0000 0001 1456 3750Department of Genetics, Osmania University, Amberpet, Hyderabad, Telangana 500007 India
| | - Raju Padiya
- grid.412419.b0000 0001 1456 3750Department of Biochemistry, Osmania University, Amberpet, Hyderabad, Telangana 500007 India
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Hatch ST, Smargon AA, Yeo GW. Engineered U1 snRNAs to modulate alternatively spliced exons. Methods 2022; 205:140-148. [PMID: 35764245 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2022.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternative splicing accounts for a considerable portion of transcriptomic diversity, as most protein-coding genes are spliced into multiple mRNA isoforms. However, errors in splicing patterns can give rise to mis-splicing with pathological consequences, such as the congenital diseases familial dysautonomia, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, and spinal muscular atrophy. Small nuclear RNA (snRNA) components of the U snRNP family have been proposed as a therapeutic modality for the treatment of mis-splicing. U1 snRNAs offer great promise, with prior studies demonstrating in vivo efficacy, suggesting additional preclinical development is merited. Improvements in enabling technologies, including screening methodologies, gene delivery vectors, and relevant considerations from gene editing approaches justify further advancement of U1 snRNA as a therapeutic and research tool. With the goal of providing a user-friendly protocol, we compile and demonstrate a methodological toolkit for sequence-specific targeted perturbation of alternatively spliced pre-mRNA with engineered U1 snRNAs. We observe robust modulation of endogenous pre-mRNA transcripts targeted in two contrasting splicing contexts, SMN2 exon 7 and FAS exon 6, exhibiting the utility and applicability of engineered U1 snRNA to both inclusion and exclusion of targeted exons. We anticipate that these demonstrations will contribute to the usability of U1 snRNA in investigating splicing modulation in eukaryotic cells, increasing accessibility to the broader research community.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel T Hatch
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Stem Cell Program, University of California San Diego, Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, USA; Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Aaron A Smargon
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Stem Cell Program, University of California San Diego, Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, USA; Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Gene W Yeo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Stem Cell Program, University of California San Diego, Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, USA; Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Chen S, Zhang C, Shen L, Hu J, Chen X, Yu Y. Noncoding RNAs in cataract formation: star molecules emerge in an endless stream. Pharmacol Res 2022; 184:106417. [PMID: 36038044 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
For decades, research on the pathological mechanism of cataracts has usually focused on the abnormal protein changes caused by a series of risk factors. However, an entire class of molecules, termed non-coding RNA (ncRNA), was discovered in recent years and proven to be heavily involved in cataract formation. Recent studies have recognized the key regulatory roles of ncRNAs in cataracts by shaping cellular activities such as proliferation, apoptosis, migration and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). This review summarizes our current insight into the biogenesis, properties and functions of ncRNAs and then discusses the development of research on ncRNAs in cataracts. Considering the significant role of ncRNA in cataract formation, research on novel associated regulatory mechanisms is urgently needed, and the development of therapeutic alternatives for the treatment of cataracts seems promising.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silong Chen
- Eye Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chengshou Zhang
- Eye Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lifang Shen
- Eye Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianghua Hu
- Eye Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, China; Department of Ophthalmology, Jiande Branch, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiangjun Chen
- Eye Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, China; Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 268 Kaixuan Road, China.
| | - Yibo Yu
- Eye Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Qiao Y, Shi Q, Yuan X, Ding J, Li X, Shen M, Huang S, Chen Z, Wang L, Zhao Y, He X. RNA binding protein RALY activates the cholesterol synthesis pathway through an MTA1 splicing switch in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Lett 2022; 538:215711. [PMID: 35490918 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Alternative splicing is an important RNA processing event that contributes to RNA complexity and protein diversity in cancer. Accumulating evidence demonstrates the essential roles of some alternatively spliced genes in carcinogenesis. However, the potential roles of alternatively spliced genes in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are still largely unknown. Here we showed that the HnRNP Associated with Lethal Yellow Protein Homolog (RALY) gene is upregulated and associated with poor outcomes in HCC patients. RALY acts as a tumor-promoting factor by cooperating with splicing factor 3b subunit 3 (SF3B3) and modulating the splicing switch of Metastasis Associated 1 (MTA1) from MTA-S to MTA1-L. Normally, MTA1-S inhibits cell proliferation by reducing the transcription of cholesterol synthesis genes. In HCC, RALY and SF3B3 cooperate to regulate the MTA1 splicing switch, leading to a reduction in the MTA1-S level, and alleviating the inhibitory effect of MTA1-S on cholesterol synthesis genes, thus promoting HCC cell proliferation. In conclusion, our results revealed that the RALY-SF3B3/MTA1/cholesterol synthesis pathway contributes essentially to hepatic carcinogenesis and could serve as a promising therapeutic target for HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yejun Qiao
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qili Shi
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xu Yuan
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jie Ding
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xinrong Li
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Mengting Shen
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Shenglin Huang
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhiao Chen
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Yingjun Zhao
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Xianghuo He
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Sakowska J, Arcimowicz Ł, Jankowiak M, Papak I, Markiewicz A, Dziubek K, Kurkowiak M, Kote S, Kaźmierczak-Siedlecka K, Połom K, Marek-Trzonkowska N, Trzonkowski P. Autoimmunity and Cancer-Two Sides of the Same Coin. Front Immunol 2022; 13:793234. [PMID: 35634292 PMCID: PMC9140757 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.793234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune disease results from the immune response against self-antigens, while cancer develops when the immune system does not respond to malignant cells. Thus, for years, autoimmunity and cancer have been considered as two separate fields of research that do not have a lot in common. However, the discovery of immune checkpoints and the development of anti-cancer drugs targeting PD-1 (programmed cell death receptor 1) and CTLA-4 (cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4) pathways proved that studying autoimmune diseases can be extremely helpful in the development of novel anti-cancer drugs. Therefore, autoimmunity and cancer seem to be just two sides of the same coin. In the current review, we broadly discuss how various regulatory cell populations, effector molecules, genetic predisposition, and environmental factors contribute to the loss of self-tolerance in autoimmunity or tolerance induction to cancer. With the current paper, we also aim to convince the readers that the pathways involved in cancer and autoimmune disease development consist of similar molecular players working in opposite directions. Therefore, a deep understanding of the two sides of immune tolerance is crucial for the proper designing of novel and selective immunotherapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Sakowska
- Department of Medical Immunology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Łukasz Arcimowicz
- International Centre for Cancer Vaccine Science, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Martyna Jankowiak
- Department of Medical Immunology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Ines Papak
- International Centre for Cancer Vaccine Science, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Markiewicz
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Dziubek
- International Centre for Cancer Vaccine Science, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Kurkowiak
- International Centre for Cancer Vaccine Science, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Sachin Kote
- International Centre for Cancer Vaccine Science, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | | | - Karol Połom
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Natalia Marek-Trzonkowska
- International Centre for Cancer Vaccine Science, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Cellular Therapies, Department of Family Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Piotr Trzonkowski
- Department of Medical Immunology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
SRSF6 Regulates the Alternative Splicing of the Apoptotic Fas Gene by Targeting a Novel RNA Sequence. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14081990. [PMID: 35454897 PMCID: PMC9025165 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14081990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Alternative splicing (AS) produces multiple mRNA isoforms from a gene to make a large number of proteins. Fas (Apo-1/CD95) pre-mRNA, a member of TNF receptor family that mediates apoptosis, can generate pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic proteins through AS. Here, we identified SRSF6 as an essential regulator protein in Fas AS. We further located a new functional target sequence of SRSF6 in Fas splicing. In addition, our large-scale RNA-seq analysis using GTEX and TCGA indicated that while SRSF6 expression was correlated with Fas expression in normal tissues, the correlation was disrupted in tumors. Our results suggest a novel regulatory mechanisms of Fas AS. Abstract Alternative splicing (AS) is a procedure during gene expression that allows the production of multiple mRNAs from a single gene, leading to a larger number of proteins with various functions. The alternative splicing (AS) of Fas (Apo-1/CD95) pre-mRNA can generate membrane-bound or soluble isoforms with pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic functions. SRSF6, a member of the Serine/Arginine-rich protein family, plays essential roles in both constitutive and alternative splicing. Here, we identified SRSF6 as an important regulatory protein in Fas AS. The cassette exon inclusion of Fas was decreased by SRSF6-targeting shRNA treatment, but increased by SRSF6 overexpression. The deletion and substitution mutagenesis of the Fas minigene demonstrated that the UGCCAA sequence in the cassette exon of the Fas gene causes the functional disruption of SRSF6, indicating that these sequences are essential for SRSF6 function in Fas splicing. In addition, biotin-labeled RNA-pulldown and immunoblotting analysis showed that SRSF6 interacted with these RNA sequences. Mutagenesis in the splice-site strength alteration demonstrated that the 5′ splice-site, but not the 3′ splice-site, was required for the SRSF6 regulation of Fas pre-mRNA. In addition, a large-scale RNA-seq analysis using GTEX and TCGA indicated that while SRSF6 expression was correlated with Fas expression in normal tissues, the correlation was disrupted in tumors. Furthermore, high SRSF6 expression was linked to the high expression of pro-apoptotic and immune activation genes. Therefore, we identified a novel RNA target with 5′ splice-site dependence of SRSF6 in Fas pre-mRNA splicing, and a correlation between SRSF6 and Fas expression.
Collapse
|
18
|
Para R, Romero R, Gomez-Lopez N, Tarca AL, Panaitescu B, Done B, Hsu R, Pacora P, Hsu CD. Maternal circulating concentrations of soluble Fas and Elabela in early- and late-onset preeclampsia. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2022; 35:316-329. [PMID: 32008387 PMCID: PMC10544759 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2020.1716720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The Fas/Fas ligand (FASL) system and Elabela-apelin receptor signaling pathways are implicated in the pathophysiology of preeclampsia. The aim of the current study was to investigate whether a model combining the measurement of sFas and Elabela in the maternal circulation may serve as a clinical biomarker for early- and/or late-onset preeclampsia more effectively than measures of each biomarker individually. METHODS Blood samples were collected from 214 women in the following groups: (1) normal pregnancy sampled <34 weeks of gestation (n = 56); (2) patients who developed early-onset preeclampsia (n = 54); (3) normal pregnancy sampled ≥34 weeks of gestation (n = 52); (4) patients who developed late-onset preeclampsia (n = 52). Maternal circulating soluble Fas and Elabela concentrations were determined using sensitive and validated immunoassays. Two sample t-tests, multivariate logistic regression, and receiver operating characteristic curves were used for analyses. RESULTS (1) Women with early-onset preeclampsia, and those with late-onset preeclampsia with placental lesions of maternal vascular malperfusion, had increased concentrations of sFas compared to their gestational age-matched normal controls; (2) women with late-onset preeclampsia, but not those with early-onset preeclampsia, had increased concentrations of Elabela compared to their gestational age-matched counterparts; and (3) an increase in both Elabela and sFas concentrations was more strongly associated with late-onset preeclampsia than early-onset preeclampsia relative to models including either of the markers alone. CONCLUSIONS A combined model of maternal sFas and Elabela concentrations provides a stronger association with late-onset preeclampsia than either protein alone. This finding demonstrates the possibility to improve the classification of late-onset preeclampsia by combining the results of both molecular biomarkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Para
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Roberto Romero
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Nardhy Gomez-Lopez
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Adi L. Tarca
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Wayne State University College of Engineering, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Bogdan Panaitescu
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Bogdan Done
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Richard Hsu
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Percy Pacora
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Chaur-Dong Hsu
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Blake D, Radens CM, Ferretti MB, Gazzara MR, Lynch KW. Alternative splicing of apoptosis genes promotes human T cell survival. eLife 2022; 11:80953. [PMID: 36264057 PMCID: PMC9625086 DOI: 10.7554/elife.80953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternative splicing occurs in the vast majority of human genes, giving rise to distinct mRNA and protein isoforms. We, and others, have previously identified hundreds of genes that change their isoform expression upon T cell activation via alternative splicing; however, how these changes link activation input with functional output remains largely unknown. Here, we investigate how costimulation of T cells through the CD28 receptor impacts alternative splicing in T cells activated through the T cell receptor (TCR, CD3) and find that while CD28 signaling alone has minimal impact on splicing, it enhances the extent of change for up to 20% of TCR-induced alternative splicing events. Interestingly, a set of CD28-enhanced splicing events occur within genes encoding key components of the apoptotic signaling pathway; namely caspase-9, Bax, and Bim. Using both CRISPR-edited cells and antisense oligos to force expression of specific isoforms, we show for all three of these genes that the isoform induced by CD3/CD28 costimulation promotes resistance to apoptosis, and that changes in all three genes together function combinatorially to further promote cell viability. Finally, we show that the JNK signaling pathway, induced downstream of CD3/CD28 costimulation, is required for each of these splicing events, further highlighting their co-regulation. Together, these findings demonstrate that alternative splicing is a key mechanism by which costimulation of CD28 promotes viability of activated T cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Davia Blake
- Immunology Graduate Group, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States,Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Caleb M Radens
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Max B Ferretti
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Matthew R Gazzara
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States,Department of Genetics, University of PennsylvaniaPhildelphiaUnited States
| | - Kristen W Lynch
- Immunology Graduate Group, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States,Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
The Differences in the Levels of Oxidative Status Marker and Soluble CD95 in Patients with Moderate to Severe COPD during an Exacerbation and a Stable Period. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:2105406. [PMID: 34925689 PMCID: PMC8677381 DOI: 10.1155/2021/2105406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Studying the features of changes in markers of oxidative stress (OS) and inflammation indicators in COPD patients depending on the degree of bronchial obstruction is one of the priority directions for improving the prognosis and monitoring of the course of this pathology. We conducted a comparative investigation of changes in markers of OS and apoptosis at the systemic and local levels in patients with moderate to severe COPD during exacerbation and stable phase. 105 patients with COPD aged 46-67 and 21 healthy nonsmoking volunteers comparable in age were examined. COPD patients were divided into four groups: moderate COPD (GOLDII) during the exacerbation (GOLDIIex,
) and in the stable phase (GOLDIIst,
), severe COPD (GOLDIII) during the exacerbation (GOLDIIIex,
), and in the stable phase (GOLDIIIst,
). We studied the levels of such lipid peroxidation (LPO) products as diene conjugates (DC) and Schiff bases (SB) and parameters of induced chemiluminescence (Imax, total light sum-S, Imax/S) in blood serum, as well as sCD95 concentration in blood and exhaled breath condensate (EBC). The relationship between the values of the OS system indicators with sCD95, as well as with the parameters of lung function, was investigated. Multidirectional changes in OS indicator levels in COPD patients depending on the severity of obstructive airway disorders have been established. The maximum values of DC (
), Imax (
RLU), and Imax/S (
) were typical for patients with moderate COPD, while the highest SB level (
RU) was observed in severe COPD during an exacerbation. The exacerbation of the disease was characterized by an increase in DC concentration in both GOLDIIex (
RU) and GOLDIIIex (
RU) compared to the stable moderate and severe COPD (
RU and
RU, respectively,
). The established decrease in high values of DC, Imax, Imax/S, and sCD95 and an increase in SB concentration in GOLD III can serve as quantitative indicators of the prognosis of the severity of the disease. The serum concentration of sCD95 in GOLDIIex (
U/ml) and GOLDIIst (
U/ml) did not differ from the control group (
U/ml,
). In patients with
during the exacerbation and stable phase, the serum levels of Imax/S (
and
) and sCD95 (
U/ml and
U/ml) were lower than the values of healthy volunteers (
and
U/ml, respectively,
). A positive correlation between sCD95 concentration and airway obstruction degree in all examined COPD patients was established. The revealed numerous associations between sCD95 and OS marker levels in GOLDIII indicate a relationship between systemic radical stress and apoptosis processes both in the respiratory tract and the whole body under conditions of severe inflammation. The established correlations between the values of DC, Imax, and sCD95 in the blood serum and the lung function parameters in all studied patients allow us to consider these indicators as additional prognostic indicators of disease intensification. Our work results help clarify the participation and detail of FRO and apoptosis processes in developing pathophysiological features in moderate to severe COPD in different periods and, accordingly, improve the efficiency of diagnosis and treatment of the disease.
Collapse
|
21
|
Sulejmani O, Grunewald L, Andersch L, Schwiebert S, Klaus A, Winkler A, Astrahantseff K, Eggert A, Henssen AG, Schulte JH, Anders K, Künkele A. Inhibiting Lysine Demethylase 1A Improves L1CAM-Specific CAR T Cell Therapy by Unleashing Antigen-Independent Killing via the FAS-FASL Axis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13215489. [PMID: 34771652 PMCID: PMC8583435 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Solid tumor cells can lose or heterogeneously express antigens to become resistant to chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy. Here, we explore whether epigenetic manipulation to unleash antigen-independent killing mechanisms can overcome this hurdle. KDM1A is overexpressed in many cancers and removes lysine methylation on histones that keeps the DNA firmly packed to selectively activate or repress gene activity, depending on the specific lysine target. KDM1A also regulates the expression of nonhistone proteins. We inhibited KDM1A in the childhood tumor, neuroblastoma, to increase FAS expression on tumor cells. The FAS receptor can be triggered to induce cell death when bound by the FAS ligand on CAR and other activated T cells present in the tumor environment, even if the tumor cells lack the target antigen. FAS upregulation via KDM1A inhibition sensitized neuroblastoma cells to FAS-FASL-mediated killing and augmented CAR T cell therapy against antigen-poor or even antigen-negative neuroblastoma. Abstract Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has emerged as a promising treatment strategy, however, therapeutic success against solid tumors such as neuroblastoma remains modest. Recurrence of antigen-poor tumor variants often ultimately results in treatment failure. Using antigen-independent killing mechanisms such as the FAS receptor (FAS)-FAS ligand (FASL) axis through epigenetic manipulation may be a way to counteract the escape achieved by antigen downregulation. Analysis of public RNA-sequencing data from primary neuroblastomas revealed that a particular epigenetic modifier, the histone lysine demethylase 1A (KDM1A), correlated negatively with FAS expression. KDM1A is known to interact with TP53 to repress TP53-mediated transcriptional activation of genes, including FAS. We showed that pharmacologically blocking KDM1A activity in neuroblastoma cells with the small molecule inhibitor, SP-2509, increased FAS cell-surface expression in a strictly TP53-dependent manner. FAS upregulation sensitized neuroblastoma cells to FAS-FASL-dependent killing and augmented L1CAM-directed CAR T cell therapy against antigen-poor or even antigen-negative tumor cells in vitro. The improved therapeutic response was abrogated when the FAS-FASL interaction was abolished with an antagonistic FAS antibody. Our results show that KDM1A inhibition unleashes an antigen-independent killing mechanism via the FAS-FASL axis to make tumor cell variants that partially or totally suppress antigen expression susceptible to CAR T cell therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ornela Sulejmani
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universiät zu Berlin, 10353 Berlin, Germany; (O.S.); (L.G.); (L.A.); (S.S.); (A.K.); (A.W.); (K.A.); (A.E.); (A.G.H.); (J.H.S.)
| | - Laura Grunewald
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universiät zu Berlin, 10353 Berlin, Germany; (O.S.); (L.G.); (L.A.); (S.S.); (A.K.); (A.W.); (K.A.); (A.E.); (A.G.H.); (J.H.S.)
| | - Lena Andersch
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universiät zu Berlin, 10353 Berlin, Germany; (O.S.); (L.G.); (L.A.); (S.S.); (A.K.); (A.W.); (K.A.); (A.E.); (A.G.H.); (J.H.S.)
| | - Silke Schwiebert
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universiät zu Berlin, 10353 Berlin, Germany; (O.S.); (L.G.); (L.A.); (S.S.); (A.K.); (A.W.); (K.A.); (A.E.); (A.G.H.); (J.H.S.)
| | - Anika Klaus
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universiät zu Berlin, 10353 Berlin, Germany; (O.S.); (L.G.); (L.A.); (S.S.); (A.K.); (A.W.); (K.A.); (A.E.); (A.G.H.); (J.H.S.)
| | - Annika Winkler
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universiät zu Berlin, 10353 Berlin, Germany; (O.S.); (L.G.); (L.A.); (S.S.); (A.K.); (A.W.); (K.A.); (A.E.); (A.G.H.); (J.H.S.)
| | - Kathy Astrahantseff
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universiät zu Berlin, 10353 Berlin, Germany; (O.S.); (L.G.); (L.A.); (S.S.); (A.K.); (A.W.); (K.A.); (A.E.); (A.G.H.); (J.H.S.)
| | - Angelika Eggert
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universiät zu Berlin, 10353 Berlin, Germany; (O.S.); (L.G.); (L.A.); (S.S.); (A.K.); (A.W.); (K.A.); (A.E.); (A.G.H.); (J.H.S.)
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 10117 Berlin, Germany;
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anton G. Henssen
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universiät zu Berlin, 10353 Berlin, Germany; (O.S.); (L.G.); (L.A.); (S.S.); (A.K.); (A.W.); (K.A.); (A.E.); (A.G.H.); (J.H.S.)
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 10117 Berlin, Germany;
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Lindenberger Weg 80, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Johannes H. Schulte
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universiät zu Berlin, 10353 Berlin, Germany; (O.S.); (L.G.); (L.A.); (S.S.); (A.K.); (A.W.); (K.A.); (A.E.); (A.G.H.); (J.H.S.)
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 10117 Berlin, Germany;
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kathleen Anders
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 10117 Berlin, Germany;
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Annette Künkele
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universiät zu Berlin, 10353 Berlin, Germany; (O.S.); (L.G.); (L.A.); (S.S.); (A.K.); (A.W.); (K.A.); (A.E.); (A.G.H.); (J.H.S.)
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 10117 Berlin, Germany;
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0)30-450-616178
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Tsai KN, Ou JHJ. Hepatitis B virus e antigen and viral persistence. Curr Opin Virol 2021; 51:158-163. [PMID: 34717215 PMCID: PMC8643334 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2021.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) e antigen (HBeAg) was discovered in the sera of HBV patients nearly 50 years ago. It is not essential for HBV to infect or replicate in hepatocytes. Earlier clinical studies suggested that this antigen might play an important role for HBV to establish persistence in babies after its mother-to-child transmission. Subsequent clinical studies also suggested that HBeAg might have immunomodulatory activities. In recent years, a large body of information on how HBeAg might modulate host immunity was published. In this review, we summarize recent research progresses on the immunomodulatory activities of HBeAg and discuss how these activities of HBeAg may promote HBV persistence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kuen-Nan Tsai
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, 2011 Zonal Avenue, HMR-401, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Jing-Hsiung James Ou
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, 2011 Zonal Avenue, HMR-401, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Anisul M, Shilts J, Schwartzentruber J, Hayhurst J, Buniello A, Shaikho Elhaj Mohammed E, Zheng J, Holmes M, Ochoa D, Carmona M, Maranville J, Gaunt TR, Emilsson V, Gudnason V, McDonagh EM, Wright GJ, Ghoussaini M, Dunham I. A proteome-wide genetic investigation identifies several SARS-CoV-2-exploited host targets of clinical relevance. eLife 2021; 10:e69719. [PMID: 34402426 PMCID: PMC8457835 DOI: 10.7554/elife.69719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The virus SARS-CoV-2 can exploit biological vulnerabilities (e.g. host proteins) in susceptible hosts that predispose to the development of severe COVID-19. Methods To identify host proteins that may contribute to the risk of severe COVID-19, we undertook proteome-wide genetic colocalisation tests, and polygenic (pan) and cis-Mendelian randomisation analyses leveraging publicly available protein and COVID-19 datasets. Results Our analytic approach identified several known targets (e.g. ABO, OAS1), but also nominated new proteins such as soluble Fas (colocalisation probability >0.9, p=1 × 10-4), implicating Fas-mediated apoptosis as a potential target for COVID-19 risk. The polygenic (pan) and cis-Mendelian randomisation analyses showed consistent associations of genetically predicted ABO protein with several COVID-19 phenotypes. The ABO signal is highly pleiotropic, and a look-up of proteins associated with the ABO signal revealed that the strongest association was with soluble CD209. We demonstrated experimentally that CD209 directly interacts with the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2, suggesting a mechanism that could explain the ABO association with COVID-19. Conclusions Our work provides a prioritised list of host targets potentially exploited by SARS-CoV-2 and is a precursor for further research on CD209 and FAS as therapeutically tractable targets for COVID-19. Funding MAK, JSc, JH, AB, DO, MC, EMM, MG, ID were funded by Open Targets. J.Z. and T.R.G were funded by the UK Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit (MC_UU_00011/4). JSh and GJW were funded by the Wellcome Trust Grant 206194. This research was funded in part by the Wellcome Trust [Grant 206194]. For the purpose of open access, the author has applied a CC BY public copyright licence to any Author Accepted Manuscript version arising from this submission.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Anisul
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome CampusCambridgeUnited Kingdom
- Open Targets, Wellcome Genome CampusHinxtonUnited Kingdom
| | - Jarrod Shilts
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome CampusCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Jeremy Schwartzentruber
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome CampusCambridgeUnited Kingdom
- Open Targets, Wellcome Genome CampusHinxtonUnited Kingdom
| | - James Hayhurst
- Open Targets, Wellcome Genome CampusHinxtonUnited Kingdom
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome CampusCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Annalisa Buniello
- Open Targets, Wellcome Genome CampusHinxtonUnited Kingdom
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome CampusCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Jie Zheng
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Department of Population Health Sciences, University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Michael Holmes
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit (MRC PHRU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - David Ochoa
- Open Targets, Wellcome Genome CampusHinxtonUnited Kingdom
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome CampusCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Miguel Carmona
- Open Targets, Wellcome Genome CampusHinxtonUnited Kingdom
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome CampusCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Tom R Gaunt
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Department of Population Health Sciences, University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Valur Emilsson
- Icelandic Heart AssociationKopavogurIceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of IcelandReykjavikIceland
| | - Vilmundur Gudnason
- Icelandic Heart AssociationKopavogurIceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of IcelandReykjavikIceland
| | - Ellen M McDonagh
- Open Targets, Wellcome Genome CampusHinxtonUnited Kingdom
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome CampusCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Gavin J Wright
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome CampusCambridgeUnited Kingdom
- Department of Biology, York Biomedical Research Institute, Hull York Medical School, University of YorkYorkUnited Kingdom
| | - Maya Ghoussaini
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome CampusCambridgeUnited Kingdom
- Open Targets, Wellcome Genome CampusHinxtonUnited Kingdom
| | - Ian Dunham
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome CampusCambridgeUnited Kingdom
- Open Targets, Wellcome Genome CampusHinxtonUnited Kingdom
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome CampusCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Blake D, Lynch KW. The three as: Alternative splicing, alternative polyadenylation and their impact on apoptosis in immune function. Immunol Rev 2021; 304:30-50. [PMID: 34368964 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The latest advances in next-generation sequencing studies and transcriptomic profiling over the past decade have highlighted a surprising frequency of genes regulated by RNA processing mechanisms in the immune system. In particular, two control steps in mRNA maturation, namely alternative splicing and alternative polyadenylation, are now recognized to occur in the vast majority of human genes. Both have the potential to alter the identity of the encoded protein, as well as control protein abundance or even protein localization or association with other factors. In this review, we will provide a summary of the general mechanisms by which alternative splicing (AS) and alternative polyadenylation (APA) occur, their regulation within cells of the immune system, and their impact on immunobiology. In particular, we will focus on how control of apoptosis by AS and APA is used to tune cell fate during an immune response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Davia Blake
- Immunology Graduate Group and the Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kristen W Lynch
- Immunology Graduate Group and the Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Soluble CD95L in cancers and chronic inflammatory disorders, a new therapeutic target? Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1876:188596. [PMID: 34324950 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Although CD95L (also known as FasL) is still predominantly considered as a death ligand that induces apoptosis in infected and transformed cells, substantial evidence indicate that it can also trigger non-apoptotic signaling pathways whose pathophysiological roles remain to be fully elucidated. The transmembrane ligand CD95L belongs to the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily. After cleavage by metalloprotease, its soluble form (s-CD95L) fails to trigger the apoptotic program but instead induces signaling pathways promoting the aggressiveness of certain inflammatory disorders such as autoimmune diseases and cancers. We propose to evaluate the various pathologies in which the metalloprotease-cleaved CD95L is accumulated and analyze whether this soluble ligand may play a significant role in the pathology progression. Based on the TNFα-targeting therapeutics, we envision that targeting the soluble form of CD95L may represent a very attractive therapeutic option in the pathologies depicted herein.
Collapse
|
26
|
Zhang K, Yin Y, Pei C, Wu C. MicroRNA-124 regulates lens epithelial cell apoptosis by affecting Fas alternative splicing by targeting polypyrimidine tract-binding protein in age-related cataract. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2021; 49:591-605. [PMID: 34008270 DOI: 10.1111/ceo.13946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Age-related cataract (ARC) is a primary cause of visual blindness worldwide. Lens epithelial cell (LEC) apoptosis, in which Fas plays an essential role, is a vital cytological basis for cataractogenesis. However, the regulatory mechanism of Fas-dependent LEC apoptosis is not well understood. This study aimed to investigate whether MicroRNA (miRNA)-124 can regulate LEC apoptosis by targeting polypyrimidine tract-binding protein (PTB) and thereby affecting Fas alternative splicing in ARC. METHODS Lens capsule samples from patients with ARC and cornea donors with a transparent lens were collected. HLE-B3 cells were cultured and treated with hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) to establish an apoptosis model in LECs. The expression of miRNA-124, PTB, Fas, and Fas isoforms in tissues and cell lines was assessed by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), western blotting, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and flow cytometry. The miRNA-124 mimic and inhibitor were transfected into HLE-B3 cells, and the effects of the miRNA-124/PTB/Fas pathway in LECs were assessed by analysis of their related targets. RESULTS High expression of miRNA-124 and membrane Fas (mFas) mRNA and decreased PTB expression were observed in the lens capsule samples. In cells undergoing H2 O2 -induced apoptosis, mFas expression was increased, accompanied by decreased PTB and increased miRNA-124 expression. Subsequently, miRNA-124 upregulation suppressed PTB expression, elevated the mFas level without affecting total Fas expression and promoted apoptosis; miRNA-124 downregulation exerted the opposite effects. CONCLUSION This study revealed that miRNA-124 promotes LEC apoptosis in ARC by upregulating mFas through targeted inhibition of PTB. Moreover, the identification of the miRNA-124/PTB/Fas pathway provides novel insight into Fas-dependent LEC apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyun Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yue Yin
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Cheng Pei
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Changrui Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Li S, Liu Y, Li J, Zhao X, Yu D. Mechanisms of Ferroptosis and Application to Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Treatments. DNA Cell Biol 2021; 40:720-732. [PMID: 33979530 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2021.0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Many kinds of cancer cells are intrinsically sensitive to ferroptosis, and research interest regarding ferroptosis has been sparked by its significant role in many detrimental diseases. Ferroptosis is a novel type of iron-dependent cell death mediated by accumulation of reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation. Furthermore, a large number of small agents can induce ferroptosis in numerous kinds of cancer cells, including prostate cancer, pancreatic cancer, breast cancer, lymphomas, and renal cancer. These insights may help discover novel approaches for cancer therapeutic strategies; however, there is considerable uncertainty regarding ferroptosis in head and neck cancer (HNC). So far, no review of the current studies on this topic has been published. Therefore, we here elaborate the mechanisms of ferroptosis and summarize the latest findings regarding its role in HNC according to current literature. The respective findings shed light on the role of ferroptosis in HNC treatment with a number of important implications for future practice in HNC management, as outlined in this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Li
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinqiu Li
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Zhao
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Yu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Vincent FB, Kandane-Rathnayake R, Koelmeyer R, Harris J, Hoi AY, Mackay F, Morand EF. Associations of serum soluble Fas and Fas ligand (FasL) with outcomes in systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus Sci Med 2021; 7:7/1/e000375. [PMID: 32546562 PMCID: PMC7299016 DOI: 10.1136/lupus-2019-000375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Objective Fas/Fas ligand (FasL) and B cell-activating factor (BAFF) signalling have pivotal roles in SLE pathogenesis. We investigated the clinical associations of serum concentrations of soluble Fas (sFas) and soluble FasL (sFasL) in SLE and their relationship with BAFF. Methods Serum sFas and sFasL were quantified by multiplex assay, and BAFF by ELISA, in 118 patients with SLE and 17 healthy controls (HC). SLE disease activity and organ damage were assessed using the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index 2000 (SLEDAI-2K) and the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics Damage Index. Results sFas, sFasL and BAFF were detectable in all samples. Serum sFas and sFasL were significantly higher in SLE compared with HC. In univariable regression analyses, patients with active renal disease and those with flare had significantly higher levels of sFas compared with those without. High serum BAFF in patients with SLE was associated with increased sFas but not sFasL. The association between sFas and renal disease remained significant after adjusting for BAFF, but the association with flare attenuated. High sFas levels were associated with increased time-adjusted mean SLEDAI-2K, even after adjusting for BAFF, and with higher odds of flare over time. In contrast, high sFasL was associated with reduced organ damage over time. Serum sFasL/sFas ratio was negatively associated with active overall disease, flare and organ damage. Conclusions Serum sFas is associated with active renal SLE, and active disease and flare over time, while sFasL/sFas ratio is negatively associated with disease activity and organ damage accrual. Treatments correcting abnormal levels of sFas/FasL may be worthy of evaluation in SLE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabien B Vincent
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rangi Kandane-Rathnayake
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rachel Koelmeyer
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - James Harris
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alberta Y Hoi
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Fabienne Mackay
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Central Clinical School, Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct (AMREP), Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Eric F Morand
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Association between FAS gene -670 A/G and -1377 G/A polymorphisms and the risk of autoimmune diseases: a meta-analysis. Biosci Rep 2021; 40:221503. [PMID: 31840751 PMCID: PMC6944657 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20191197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: FAS plays a critical role in the extrinsic apoptosis pathway in autoimmune diseases. Previous studies investigating the association between FAS gene −670 A/G and −1377 G/A polymorphisms and the risk of autoimmune diseases reported controversial results. We performed the meta-analysis to evaluate the possible association. Methods: Relevant studies were identified by searching the PubMed, Embase, CNKI, and Wanfang databases up to December 2018. Odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to determine the association. Results: A total of 43 articles including 67 studies (52 studies for FAS −670 A/G and 15 studies for −1377 G/A) were included in the meta-analysis. Our meta-analysis showed that the FAS −670 A/G polymorphism was associated with the risk of autoimmune diseases (GG vs. GA: OR = 1.079, 95% CI = 1.004–1.160, P=0.038), especially in Caucasians (GG vs. GA: OR = 1.12, 95% CI = 1.03–1.23, P=0.012), Asians (G vs. A: OR = 0.89, 95% CI = 0.83–0.96, P=0.002), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) (G vs. A: OR = 0.85, 95% CI = 0.77–0.94, P=0.001), multiple sclerosis (MS) (GG+GA vs. AA: OR = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.70–0.99, P=0.043), systemic sclerosis (SSc) (GG vs. GA: OR = 1.20, 95% CI = 1.07–1.36, P=0.003) and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) (G vs. A: OR = 1.45, 95% CI = 1.10–1.90, P=0.008); the FAS −1377 G/A polymorphism was associated with the risk of autoimmune diseases (A vs. G: OR = 1.11, 95% CI = 1.03–1.20, P=0.008), especially in Asians (A vs. G: OR = 1.15, 95% CI = 1.05–1.25, P=0.002) and high quality studies (A vs. G: OR = 1.14, 95% CI = 1.05–1.24, P=0.002). Conclusion: This meta-analysis demonstrated that the FAS –670A/G and –1377 G/A polymorphisms were associated with the risk of autoimmune diseases.
Collapse
|
30
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW TCRαβ+CD4-CD8- double-negative T (DNT) cells, a principal subset of mature T lymphocytes, have been closely linked with autoimmune/inflammatory conditions. However, controversy persists regarding their ontogeny and function. Here, we present an overview on DNT cells in different autoimmune diseases to advance a deeper understanding of the contribution of this population to disease pathogenesis. RECENT FINDINGS DNT cells have been characterized in various chronic inflammatory diseases and they have been proposed to display pathogenic or regulatory function. The tissue location of DNT cells and the effector cytokines they produce bespeak to their active involvement in chronic inflammatory diseases. SUMMARY By producing various cytokines, expanded DNT cells in inflamed tissues contribute to the pathogenesis of a variety of autoimmune inflammatory diseases. However, it is unclear whether this population represents a stable lineage consisting of different subsets similar to CD4+ T helper cell subset. Better understanding of the possible heterogeneity and plasticity of DNT cells is needed to reveal interventional therapeutic opportunities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Natua S, Ashok C, Shukla S. Hypoxia-induced alternative splicing in human diseases: the pledge, the turn, and the prestige. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:2729-2747. [PMID: 33386889 PMCID: PMC11072330 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03727-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Maintenance of oxygen homeostasis is an indispensable criterion for the existence of multicellular life-forms. Disruption of this homeostasis due to inadequate oxygenation of the respiring tissues leads to pathological hypoxia, which acts as a significant stressor in several pathophysiological conditions including cancer, cardiovascular defects, bacterial infections, and neurological disorders. Consequently, the hypoxic tissues develop necessary adaptations both at the tissue and cellular level. The cellular adaptations involve a dramatic alteration in gene expression, post-transcriptional and post-translational modification of gene products, bioenergetics, and metabolism. Among the key responses to oxygen-deprivation is the skewing of cellular alternative splicing program. Herein, we discuss the current concepts of oxygen tension-dependent alternative splicing relevant to various pathophysiological conditions. Following a brief description of cellular response to hypoxia and the pre-mRNA splicing mechanism, we outline the impressive number of hypoxia-elicited alternative splicing events associated with maladies like cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and neurological disorders. Furthermore, we discuss how manipulation of hypoxia-induced alternative splicing may pose promising strategies for novel translational diagnosis and therapeutic interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Subhashis Natua
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal, 462066, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Cheemala Ashok
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal, 462066, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Sanjeev Shukla
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal, 462066, Madhya Pradesh, India.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Zhao D, Li C, Yang X, Yan W, Zhang Y. Elevated soluble Tim-3 correlates with disease activity of systemic lupus erythematosus. Autoimmunity 2021; 54:97-103. [PMID: 33641540 DOI: 10.1080/08916934.2021.1891535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing molecule-3(Tim-3) has been found to play important roles in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), but whether sTim-3 is involved in the development of SLE remains unknown. In this study, we firstly observed an increased expression of plasma sTim-3 in SLE patients, especially active SLE patients. The plasma sTim-3 levels were positively correlated with anti-dsDNA, SLEDAI score, ESR, and urine albumin. The plasma sTim-3 levels were negatively correlated with C3 and C4. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) values indicated that the plasma sTim-3 level was significantly discriminative of early active SLE from stable SLE and HC with high sensitivity and specificity. The present results suggest that sTim-3 might serve as a potential biomarker for promising the disease activity of SLE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Di Zhao
- Department of Clinical laboratory, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, China.,Key Laboratory of Tumor Marker Translational Medicine, Shandong Provincial Medicine and Health, Ji'nan, China
| | - Chunhao Li
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji'nan, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- Department of Clinical laboratory, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, China.,Key Laboratory of Tumor Marker Translational Medicine, Shandong Provincial Medicine and Health, Ji'nan, China
| | - Wenjiang Yan
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Clinical laboratory, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, China.,Key Laboratory of Tumor Marker Translational Medicine, Shandong Provincial Medicine and Health, Ji'nan, China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Gachpazan M, Akhlaghipour I, Rahimi HR, Saburi E, Mojarrad M, Abbaszadegan MR, Moghbeli M. Genetic and molecular biology of systemic lupus erythematosus among Iranian patients: an overview. AUTO- IMMUNITY HIGHLIGHTS 2021; 12:2. [PMID: 33516274 PMCID: PMC7847600 DOI: 10.1186/s13317-020-00144-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a clinicopathologically heterogeneous chronic autoimmune disorder affecting different organs and tissues. It has been reported that there is an increasing rate of SLE incidence among Iranian population. Moreover, the Iranian SLE patients have more severe clinical manifestations compared with other countries. Therefore, it is required to introduce novel methods for the early detection of SLE in this population. Various environmental and genetic factors are involved in SLE progression. MAIN BODY In present review we have summarized all of the reported genes which have been associated with clinicopathological features of SLE among Iranian patients. CONCLUSIONS Apart from the reported cytokines and chemokines, it was interestingly observed that the apoptosis related genes and non-coding RNAs were the most reported genetic abnormalities associated with SLE progression among Iranians. This review clarifies the genetics and molecular biology of SLE progression among Iranian cases. Moreover, this review paves the way of introducing an efficient panel of genetic markers for the early detection and better management of SLE in this population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meisam Gachpazan
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Iman Akhlaghipour
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Rahimi
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ehsan Saburi
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Majid Mojarrad
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Abbaszadegan
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Meysam Moghbeli
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Huang KK, Huang J, Wu JKL, Lee M, Tay ST, Kumar V, Ramnarayanan K, Padmanabhan N, Xu C, Tan ALK, Chan C, Kappei D, Göke J, Tan P. Long-read transcriptome sequencing reveals abundant promoter diversity in distinct molecular subtypes of gastric cancer. Genome Biol 2021; 22:44. [PMID: 33482911 PMCID: PMC7821541 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-021-02261-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deregulated gene expression is a hallmark of cancer; however, most studies to date have analyzed short-read RNA sequencing data with inherent limitations. Here, we combine PacBio long-read isoform sequencing (Iso-Seq) and Illumina paired-end short-read RNA sequencing to comprehensively survey the transcriptome of gastric cancer (GC), a leading cause of global cancer mortality. RESULTS We performed full-length transcriptome analysis across 10 GC cell lines covering four major GC molecular subtypes (chromosomal unstable, Epstein-Barr positive, genome stable and microsatellite unstable). We identify 60,239 non-redundant full-length transcripts, of which > 66% are novel compared to current transcriptome databases. Novel isoforms are more likely to be cell line and subtype specific, expressed at lower levels with larger number of exons, with longer isoform/coding sequence lengths. Most novel isoforms utilize an alternate first exon, and compared to other alternative splicing categories, are expressed at higher levels and exhibit higher variability. Collectively, we observe alternate promoter usage in 25% of detected genes, with the majority (84.2%) of known/novel promoter pairs exhibiting potential changes in their coding sequences. Mapping these alternate promoters to TCGA GC samples, we identify several cancer-associated isoforms, including novel variants of oncogenes. Tumor-specific transcript isoforms tend to alter protein coding sequences to a larger extent than other isoforms. Analysis of outcome data suggests that novel isoforms may impart additional prognostic information. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide a rich resource of full-length transcriptome data for deeper studies of GC and other gastrointestinal malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kie Kyon Huang
- Programme in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857 Singapore
| | - Jiawen Huang
- Programme in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857 Singapore
| | - Jeanie Kar Leng Wu
- Programme in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857 Singapore
| | - Minghui Lee
- Programme in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857 Singapore
| | - Su Ting Tay
- Programme in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857 Singapore
| | - Vikrant Kumar
- Programme in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857 Singapore
| | - Kalpana Ramnarayanan
- Programme in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857 Singapore
| | - Nisha Padmanabhan
- Programme in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857 Singapore
| | - Chang Xu
- Programme in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857 Singapore
| | - Angie Lay Keng Tan
- Programme in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857 Singapore
| | - Charlene Chan
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599 Singapore
| | - Dennis Kappei
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599 Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117596 Singapore
| | - Jonathan Göke
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, 138672 Singapore
| | - Patrick Tan
- Programme in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857 Singapore
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599 Singapore
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, 138672 Singapore
- SingHealth/Duke-NUS Institute of Precision Medicine, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, 169609 Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Bastos Ferreira AP, Cassilhas APP, Moura P, Sampaio Rocha-Filho PA. Intrinsic and Extrinsic Cell Apoptotic Pathways in Patients with HTLV-1-Associated Myelopathy/Tropical Spastic Paraparesis: A Systematic Review. Viral Immunol 2021; 34:380-391. [PMID: 33470891 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2020.0131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to verify the influence of intrinsic and extrinsic cell apoptotic pathways on the inhibition of cellular apoptosis in patients with tropical spastic paralysis/myelopathy related to human T cell lymphotropic virus type 1. The databases accessed were PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, and Web of Science. Neither the time of publishing nor the language of the articles was limited. The descriptors used for this systematic literature review were: Tropical Paraparesis, Proto-Oncogenic Protein C, Bcl-2, Bcl-X Protein, Bax protein, Fas ligand (FasL) protein, Fas receptor, TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand and Fas-associated protein with death domain (FADD)-like apoptosis regulating. The search resulted in 546 articles from which 9 articles were selected for analysis; ranging from serum levels of Bcl-2, Fas and tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and the levels of cellular expression of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL the TCD4+ lymphocytes accessed by western blot. Most studies accessed either gene expression or polymorphism of Fas, FasL, and TRAIL in patients with HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP), whereas one study used flow cytometry and fluorescence to determine Fas expression. Increased Bcl-xL expression inhibited T lymphocyte apoptosis, whereas Bcl-2, serum levels, and cellular expression did not influence T lymphocyte apoptosis and serum levels of Fas were significantly higher and associated with markers of leukocyte activation in patients with HAM/TSP. In addition, Fas polymorphism (FAS-670AA) was associated with higher proviral load. There is a need for additional research on this issue since the number of patients was small and the studies presented higher heterogeneity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Patrícia Bastos Ferreira
- Post-graduation Program in Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (POSNEURO), Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, Brazil
| | | | | | - Pedro Augusto Sampaio Rocha-Filho
- Post-graduation Program in Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (POSNEURO), Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, Brazil.,Division of Neuropsychiatry, Centro de Ciências Médicas, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Zhang XB, Hu YC, Cheng P, Zhou HY, Chen XY, Wu D, Zhang RH, Yu DC, Gao XD, Shi JT, Zhang K, Li SL, Song PJ, Wang KP. Targeted therapy for intervertebral disc degeneration: inhibiting apoptosis is a promising treatment strategy. Int J Med Sci 2021; 18:2799-2813. [PMID: 34220308 PMCID: PMC8241771 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.59171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration (IDD) is a multifactorial pathological process associated with low back pain (LBP). The pathogenesis is complicated, and the main pathological changes are IVD cell apoptosis and extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation. Apoptotic cell loss leads to ECM degradation, which plays an essential role in IDD pathogenesis. Apoptosis regulation may be a potential attractive therapeutic strategy for IDD. Previous studies have shown that IVD cell apoptosis is mainly induced by the death receptor pathway, mitochondrial pathway, and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) pathway. This article mainly summarizes the factors that induce IDD and apoptosis, the relationship between the three apoptotic pathways and IDD, and potential therapeutic strategies. Preliminary animal and cell experiments show that targeting apoptotic pathway genes or drug inhibition can effectively inhibit IVD cell apoptosis and slow IDD progression. Targeted apoptotic pathway inhibition may be an effective strategy to alleviate IDD at the gene level. This manuscript provides new insights and ideas for IDD therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Bo Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China.,Department of Orthopedics, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an, Shanxi, 710000, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Disease Research of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China
| | - Yi-Cun Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Disease Research of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China
| | - Peng Cheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Disease Research of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China
| | - Hai-Yu Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China.,Xigu District People's Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China
| | - Xiang-Yi Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Disease Research of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China
| | - Ding Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Disease Research of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China
| | - Rui-Hao Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Disease Research of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China
| | - De-Chen Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Disease Research of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China
| | - Xi-Dan Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Disease Research of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China
| | - Jin-Tao Shi
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Disease Research of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Disease Research of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China
| | - Shao-Long Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Disease Research of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China
| | - Peng-Jie Song
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Disease Research of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China
| | - Ke-Ping Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China.,Xigu District People's Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Abu N, Othman N, Ab Razak NS, Bakarurraini NAAR, Nasir SN, Soh JEC, Mazlan L, Azman ZAM, Jamal R. Extracellular Vesicles Derived From Colorectal Cancer Affects CD8 T Cells: An Analysis Based on Body Mass Index. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:564648. [PMID: 33324632 PMCID: PMC7726136 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.564648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most widely diagnosed cancers worldwide. It has been shown that the body-mass index (BMI) of the patients could influence the tumor microenvironment, treatment response, and overall survival rates. Nevertheless, the mechanism on how BMI affects the tumorigenesis process, particularly the tumor microenvironment is still elusive. Herein, we postulate that extracellular vesicles (EVs) from CRC patients and non-CRC volunteers with different BMI could affect immune cells differently, in CD8 T cells particularly. We isolated the EVs from the archived serum of CRC patients with high and low BMI, as well as healthy controls with similar BMI status. The EVs were further characterized via electron microscopy, western blot and dynamic light scattering. Then, functional analysis was performed on CD8 T cells including apoptosis, cell proliferation, gene expression profiling and cytokine release upon co-incubation with the different EVs. Our results suggest that CRC-derived EVs were able to regulate the CD8 T cells. In some assays, low BMI EVs were functionally different than high BMI EVs. This study highlights the possible difference in the regulatory mechanism of cancer patients-derived EVs, especially on CD8 T cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadiah Abu
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, UKM Medical Center, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Norahayu Othman
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, UKM Medical Center, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nur' Syahada Ab Razak
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, UKM Medical Center, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Siti Nurmi Nasir
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, UKM Medical Center, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Joanne Ern Chi Soh
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, UKM Medical Center, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Luqman Mazlan
- Department of Surgery, UKM Medical Center, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Zairul Azwan Mohd Azman
- Department of Surgery, UKM Medical Center, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rahman Jamal
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, UKM Medical Center, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Feng W, Zhao P, Zheng X, Hu Z, Liu J. Profiling Novel Alternative Splicing within Multiple Tissues Provides Useful Insights into Porcine Genome Annotation. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11121405. [PMID: 33255998 PMCID: PMC7760890 DOI: 10.3390/genes11121405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternative splicing (AS) is a process during gene expression that results in a single gene coding for different protein variants. AS contributes to transcriptome and proteome diversity. In order to characterize AS in pigs, genome-wide transcripts and AS events were detected using RNA sequencing of 34 different tissues in Duroc pigs. In total, 138,403 AS events and 29,270 expressed genes were identified. An alternative donor site was the most common AS form and accounted for 44% of the total AS events. The percentage of the other three AS forms (exon skipping, alternative acceptor site, and intron retention) was approximately 19%. The results showed that the most common AS events involving alternative donor sites could produce different transcripts or proteins that affect the biological processes. The expression of genes with tissue-specific AS events showed that gene functions were consistent with tissue functions. AS increased proteome diversity and resulted in novel proteins that gained or lost important functional domains. In summary, these findings extend porcine genome annotation and highlight roles that AS could play in determining tissue identity.
Collapse
|
39
|
Martin BT, Malmstrom RD, Amaro RE, Wüthrich K. OCRE Domains of Splicing Factors RBM5 and RBM10: Tyrosine Ring-Flip Frequencies Determined by Integrated Use of 1 H NMR Spectroscopy and Molecular Dynamics Simulations. Chembiochem 2020; 22:565-570. [PMID: 32975902 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202000517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The 55-residue OCRE domains of the splicing factors RBM5 and RBM10 contain 15 tyrosines in compact, globular folds. At 25 °C, all 15 tyrosines show symmetric 1 H NMR spectra, with averaged signals for the pairs of δ- and ϵ-ring hydrogens. At 4 °C, two tyrosines were identified as showing 1 H NMR line-broadening due to lowered frequency of the ring-flipping. For the other 13 tyrosine rings, it was not evident, from the 1 H NMR data alone, whether they were either all flipping at high frequencies, or whether slowed flipping went undetected due to small chemical-shift differences between pairs of exchanging ring hydrogen atoms. Here, we integrate 1 H NMR spectroscopy and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to determine the tyrosine ring-flip frequencies. In the RBM10-OCRE domain, we found that, for 11 of the 15 tyrosines, these frequencies are in the range 2.0×106 to 1.3×108 s-1 , and we established an upper limit of <1.0×106 s-1 for the remaining four residues. The experimental data and the MD simulation are mutually supportive, and their combined use extends the analysis of aromatic ring-flip events beyond the limitations of routine 1 H NMR line-shape analysis into the nanosecond frequency range.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bryan T Martin
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, MB 44, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.,Present address: Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Robert D Malmstrom
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.,National Biomedical Computation Resource, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.,5820 Nancy Ridge Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Rommie E Amaro
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.,National Biomedical Computation Resource, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Kurt Wüthrich
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, MB 44, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.,Institute for Molecular Biology and Biophysics, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Qiu C, Ge Z, Cui W, Yu L, Li J. Human Amniotic Epithelial Stem Cells: A Promising Seed Cell for Clinical Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207730. [PMID: 33086620 PMCID: PMC7594030 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Perinatal stem cells have been regarded as an attractive and available cell source for medical research and clinical trials in recent years. Multiple stem cell types have been identified in the human placenta. Recent advances in knowledge on placental stem cells have revealed that human amniotic epithelial stem cells (hAESCs) have obvious advantages and can be used as a novel potential cell source for cellular therapy and clinical application. hAESCs are known to possess stem-cell-like plasticity, immune-privilege, and paracrine properties. In addition, non-tumorigenicity and a lack of ethical concerns are two major advantages compared with embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). All of the characteristics mentioned above and other additional advantages, including easy accessibility and a non-invasive application procedure, make hAESCs a potential ideal cell type for use in both research and regenerative medicine in the near future. This review article summarizes current knowledge on the characteristics, therapeutic potential, clinical advances and future challenges of hAESCs in detail.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Qiu
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and College of Life Sciences-iCell Biotechnology Regenerative Biomedicine Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (C.Q.); (W.C.)
| | - Zhen Ge
- Institute of Materia Medica, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310013, China;
| | - Wenyu Cui
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and College of Life Sciences-iCell Biotechnology Regenerative Biomedicine Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (C.Q.); (W.C.)
| | - Luyang Yu
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and College of Life Sciences-iCell Biotechnology Regenerative Biomedicine Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (C.Q.); (W.C.)
- Correspondence: (L.Y.); (J.L.)
| | - Jinying Li
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and College of Life Sciences-iCell Biotechnology Regenerative Biomedicine Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (C.Q.); (W.C.)
- Correspondence: (L.Y.); (J.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
de Freitas Siqueira Silva ERD, Neto NMA, de Oliveira Bezerra D, de Moura Dantas SMM, dos Santos Silva L, da Silva AA, de Moura CRC, Júnior ALG, Braz DC, Costa JRF, de Carvalho Leite YK, de Carvalho MAM. Renal Progenitor Cells Have Higher Genetic Stability and Lower Oxidative Stress than Mesenchymal Stem Cells during In Vitro Expansion. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:6470574. [PMID: 32695258 PMCID: PMC7368932 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6470574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In vitro senescence of multipotent cells has been commonly associated with DNA damage induced by oxidative stress. These changes may vary according to the sources of production and the studied lineages, which raises questions about the effect of growing time on genetic stability. This study is aimed at evaluating the evolution of genetic stability, viability, and oxidative stress of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCBMsu) and renal progenitor cells of the renal cortex (RPCsu) of swine (Sus scrofa domesticus) in culture passages. P2, P5, and P9 were used for MSCBMsu and P1, P2, and P3 for RPCsu obtained by thawing. The experimental groups were submitted to MTT, apoptosis and necrosis assays, comet test, and reactive substance measurements of thiobarbituric acid (TBARS), nitrite, reduced glutathione (GSH), and catalase. The MTT test curve showed a mean viability of 1.14 ± 0.62 and 1.12 ± 0.54, respectively, for MSCBMsu and RPCsu. The percentages of MSCBMsu and RPCsu were presented, respectively, for apoptosis, an irregular and descending behavior, and necrosis, ascending and irregular. The DNA damage index showed higher intensity among the MSCBMsu in the P5 and P9 passages (p < 0.05). In the TBARS evaluation, there was variation among the lines of RPCsu and MSCBMsu, presenting the last most significant variations (p < 0.05). In the nitrite values, we identified only among the lines, in the passages P1 and P2, with the highest averages displayed by the MSCBMsu lineage (p < 0.05). The measurement of antioxidant system activity showed high standards, identifying differences only for GSH values, in the RPCsu lineage, in P3 (p < 0.05). This study suggests that the maintenance of cell culture in the long term induces lower regulation of oxidative stress, and RPCsu presents higher genetic stability and lower oxidative stress than MSCBMsu during in vitro expansion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Napoleão Martins Argôlo Neto
- Integrated Nucleus of Morphology and Stem Cell Research (NUPCelt), Center for Agrarian Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, Brazil
| | | | | | - Lucilene dos Santos Silva
- Integrated Nucleus of Morphology and Stem Cell Research (NUPCelt), Center for Agrarian Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, Brazil
| | - Avelar Alves da Silva
- Integrated Nucleus of Morphology and Stem Cell Research (NUPCelt), Center for Agrarian Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, Brazil
| | - Charlys Rhands Coelho de Moura
- Integrated Nucleus of Morphology and Stem Cell Research (NUPCelt), Center for Agrarian Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Yulla Klinger de Carvalho Leite
- Integrated Nucleus of Morphology and Stem Cell Research (NUPCelt), Center for Agrarian Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, Brazil
| | - Maria Acelina Martins de Carvalho
- Integrated Nucleus of Morphology and Stem Cell Research (NUPCelt), Center for Agrarian Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Wasai S, Sato M, Maehara M, Toyoda E, Uchiyama R, Takahashi T, Okada E, Iwasaki Y, Suzuki S, Watanabe M. Characteristics of autologous protein solution and leucocyte-poor platelet-rich plasma for the treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10572. [PMID: 32601400 PMCID: PMC7324396 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67099-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has received attention as a treatment for patients with osteoarthritis of the knee (OAK), a chronic degenerative disease, to bridge the gap between conservative and surgical treatments. Here, we investigated the differences in the humoral factors present in two types of PRP purified using the Autologous Protein Solution (APS) kit (group Z; leucocyte-rich PRP) or the Cellaid Serum Collection Set P type (group J; leucocyte-poor [LP]-PRP). Differences in humoral factors between healthy subjects (n = 10) and OAK patients (n = 12; group Z = 6, group J = 6), and the relationship between humoral factors and clinical outcome scores were investigated. Both anti-inflammatory and inflammatory cytokines were highly enriched in APS. The concentrations of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, platelet-derived growth factor, fibroblast growth factor, soluble TNF-receptor 2, soluble Fas and transforming growth factor-β1 were higher in group Z, while the total amounts were higher in group J. The concentration of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist was positively correlated with the magnitude of change in the clinical outcome score and may contribute to improving knee-joint function. This is the first description of the humoral factors in APS and LP-PRP prepared from healthy subjects or OAK patients of Asian descent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiho Wasai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Surgical Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan.,Center for Musculoskeletal innovative Research and Advancement (C-MiRA), Tokai University, Graduate School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Masato Sato
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Surgical Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan. .,Center for Musculoskeletal innovative Research and Advancement (C-MiRA), Tokai University, Graduate School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan.
| | - Miki Maehara
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Surgical Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan.,Center for Musculoskeletal innovative Research and Advancement (C-MiRA), Tokai University, Graduate School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Eriko Toyoda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Surgical Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan.,Center for Musculoskeletal innovative Research and Advancement (C-MiRA), Tokai University, Graduate School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Ryoka Uchiyama
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Surgical Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan.,Center for Musculoskeletal innovative Research and Advancement (C-MiRA), Tokai University, Graduate School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Takumi Takahashi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Surgical Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan.,Center for Musculoskeletal innovative Research and Advancement (C-MiRA), Tokai University, Graduate School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Eri Okada
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Surgical Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan.,Center for Musculoskeletal innovative Research and Advancement (C-MiRA), Tokai University, Graduate School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Iwasaki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Surgical Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan.,Center for Musculoskeletal innovative Research and Advancement (C-MiRA), Tokai University, Graduate School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Satoko Suzuki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Surgical Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan.,Center for Musculoskeletal innovative Research and Advancement (C-MiRA), Tokai University, Graduate School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Masahiko Watanabe
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Surgical Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan.,Center for Musculoskeletal innovative Research and Advancement (C-MiRA), Tokai University, Graduate School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
López-Jornet P, Aznar C, Ceron J, Asta T. Salivary biomarkers in breast cancer: a cross-sectional study. Support Care Cancer 2020; 29:889-896. [PMID: 32529492 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-020-05561-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM The objective was to evaluate the diagnostic value of salivary biomarkers in breast cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS A prospective study was carried out of 91 consecutive breast cancer patients and 60 controls without neoplastic disease. Demographic data were recorded, along with the Hospital Anxiety Depression (HAD), risk for development periodontal diseases questionnaire and Mini-Nutritional Assessment (MNA) scores, and the TNM classification and stage of the primary tumor. Unstimulated basal saliva samples were collected and stored at - 80 °C until analysis. RESULTS The mean salivary CA125 concentration was 102.1 pg/ml in the control group and 267.6 pg/ml in the breast cancer group (p = 0.005). The soluble Fas (sFas) concentration in turn was 84.1 pg/ml and 145.9 pg/ml, respectively (p = 0.008). None of the biomarkers was related to questionnaire-assessed risk for development of periodontal diseases. The area under the ROC curve was 0.68 for CA125 (95% CI, 0.05-0.56) and 0.67 for sFas (95% CI, 0.08-0.55). CONCLUSIONS The salivary biomarkers CA125 and sFas appear to be promising tools in the diagnosis of breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pía López-Jornet
- Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, Hospital Morales Meseguer, Clínica Odontológica, Marqués del los Vélez s/n, 30008, Murcia, Spain.
- Hospital Morales Meseguer, Clínica Odontológica Universitaria, Medicina Oral, 2 planta ADV, Marques de los velez s/n, 30008, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Cristina Aznar
- Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, Hospital Morales Meseguer, Clínica Odontológica, Marqués del los Vélez s/n, 30008, Murcia, Spain
| | - Jose Ceron
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence Campus Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Tvarijonaviciute Asta
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence Campus Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Sayad A, Taheri M, Sadeghpour S, Omrani MD, Shams B, Mirzajani S, Arsang-Jang S, Houshmand B, Amid R, Gholami L, Ghafouri-Fard S. Exploring the role of long non-coding RNAs in periodontitis. Meta Gene 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2020.100687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
|
45
|
Zhong X, Zhang H, Zhu Y, Liang Y, Yuan Z, Li J, Li J, Li X, Jia Y, He T, Zhu J, Sun Y, Jiang W, Zhang H, Wang C, Ke Z. Circulating tumor cells in cancer patients: developments and clinical applications for immunotherapy. Mol Cancer 2020; 19:15. [PMID: 31980023 PMCID: PMC6982393 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-020-1141-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer metastasis is the leading cause of cancer-related death. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are shed into the bloodstream from either primary or metastatic tumors during an intermediate stage of metastasis. In recent years, immunotherapy has also become an important focus of cancer research. Thus, to study the relationship between CTCs and immunotherapy is extremely necessary and valuable to improve the treatment of cancer. In this review, based on the advancements of CTC isolation technologies, we mainly discuss the clinical applications of CTCs in cancer immunotherapy and the related immune mechanisms of CTC formation. In order to fully understand CTC formation, sufficiently and completely understood molecular mechanism based on the different immune cells is critical. This understanding is a promising avenue for the development of effective immunotherapeutic strategies targeting CTCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Zhong
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hangtian Zhang
- School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuqing Liang
- The Dietrich School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Zhuolin Yuan
- School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiachen Li
- School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing Li
- School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xin Li
- School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yifan Jia
- School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tian He
- School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiangyuan Zhu
- School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wengting Jiang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Precision Medicine Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Cheng Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of medicine, The Fifth Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China.
| | - Zunfu Ke
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
- Precision Medicine Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Sun G, Jin H, Zhang C, Meng H, Zhao X, Wei D, Ou X, Wang Q, Li S, Wang T, Sun X, Shi W, Tian D, Liu K, Xu H, Tian Y, Li X, Guo W, Jia J, Zhang Z, Zhang D. OX40 Regulates Both Innate and Adaptive Immunity and Promotes Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis. Cell Rep 2019; 25:3786-3799.e4. [PMID: 30590049 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Both innate and adaptive immune cells are involved in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), but the crosstalk between innate and adaptive immunity is largely unknown. Here we show that compared with WT mice, OX40-/- mice exhibit decreased liver fat accumulation, lobular inflammation, and focal necrosis after feeding with diets that induce NASH. Mechanistically, OX40 deficiency suppresses Th1 and Th17 differentiation, and OX40 deficiency in T cells inhibits monocyte migration, antigen presentation, and M1 polarization. Soluble OX40 stimulation alone upregulates antigen presentation, chemokine receptor expression, and proinflammatory cytokine secretion by liver monocytes. Furthermore, plasma soluble OX40 levels are positively associated with NASH in humans, suggesting clinical relevance of the findings. In conclusion, we show a mechanism for T cell regulation of innate immune cells. OX40 is a key regulator of both intrahepatic innate and adaptive immunity, generates two-way signals, and promotes both proinflammatory monocyte and macrophage and T cell function, resulting in NASH development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guangyong Sun
- Experimental and Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China; Beijing Clinical Research Institute, Beijing, 100050, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Tolerance Induction and Organ Protection in Transplantation, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Hua Jin
- Experimental and Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China; Beijing Clinical Research Institute, Beijing, 100050, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Tolerance Induction and Organ Protection in Transplantation, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Chunpan Zhang
- Experimental and Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China; Beijing Clinical Research Institute, Beijing, 100050, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Tolerance Induction and Organ Protection in Transplantation, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Hua Meng
- General Surgery Department, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China; National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Xinyan Zhao
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Dan Wei
- General Surgery Department, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China; National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Xiaojuan Ou
- National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing, 100050, China; Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Qianyi Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing, 100050, China; Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Shuxiang Li
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Tianqi Wang
- Experimental and Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China; Beijing Clinical Research Institute, Beijing, 100050, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Tolerance Induction and Organ Protection in Transplantation, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Xiaojing Sun
- Experimental and Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China; Beijing Clinical Research Institute, Beijing, 100050, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Tolerance Induction and Organ Protection in Transplantation, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Wen Shi
- Experimental and Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China; Beijing Clinical Research Institute, Beijing, 100050, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Tolerance Induction and Organ Protection in Transplantation, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Dan Tian
- Experimental and Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China; Beijing Clinical Research Institute, Beijing, 100050, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Tolerance Induction and Organ Protection in Transplantation, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Kai Liu
- Experimental and Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China; Beijing Clinical Research Institute, Beijing, 100050, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Tolerance Induction and Organ Protection in Transplantation, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Hufeng Xu
- Experimental and Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China; Beijing Clinical Research Institute, Beijing, 100050, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Tolerance Induction and Organ Protection in Transplantation, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yue Tian
- Experimental and Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China; Beijing Clinical Research Institute, Beijing, 100050, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Tolerance Induction and Organ Protection in Transplantation, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Xinmin Li
- Experimental and Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China; Beijing Clinical Research Institute, Beijing, 100050, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Tolerance Induction and Organ Protection in Transplantation, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Wei Guo
- General Surgery Department, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China; National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Jidong Jia
- National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing, 100050, China; Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Liver Cirrhosis, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Zhongtao Zhang
- General Surgery Department, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China; National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Dong Zhang
- Experimental and Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China; Beijing Clinical Research Institute, Beijing, 100050, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Tolerance Induction and Organ Protection in Transplantation, Beijing, 100050, China; National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing, 100050, China.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Choo Z, Loh AHP, Chen ZX. Destined to Die: Apoptosis and Pediatric Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11111623. [PMID: 31652776 PMCID: PMC6893512 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11111623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis (programmed cell death) is a systematic and coordinated cellular process that occurs in physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Sidestepping or resisting apoptosis is a distinct characteristic of human cancers including childhood malignancies. This review dissects the apoptosis pathways implicated in pediatric tumors. Understanding these pathways not only unraveled key molecules that may serve as potential targets for drug discovery, but also molecular nodes that integrate with other signaling networks involved in processes such as development. This review presents current knowledge of the complex regulatory system that governs apoptosis with respect to other processes in pediatric cancers, so that fresh insights may be derived regarding treatment resistance or for more effective treatment options.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhang'e Choo
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore.
| | - Amos Hong Pheng Loh
- VIVA-KKH Pediatric Brain and Solid Tumor Program, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore 229899, Singapore.
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore 229899, Singapore.
| | - Zhi Xiong Chen
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore.
- VIVA-KKH Pediatric Brain and Solid Tumor Program, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore 229899, Singapore.
- National University Cancer Institute, Singapore, Singapore 119074, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Iron homeostasis and iron-regulated ROS in cell death, senescence and human diseases. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2019; 1863:1398-1409. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2019.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
49
|
Liu W, Guo TF, Jing ZT, Tong QY. Repression of Death Receptor-Mediated Apoptosis of Hepatocytes by Hepatitis B Virus e Antigen. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2019; 189:2181-2195. [PMID: 31449776 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2019.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) e antigen (HBeAg) is associated with viral persistence and pathogenesis. Resistance of HBV-infected hepatocytes to apoptosis is seen as one of the primary promotors for HBV chronicity and malignancy. Fas receptor/ligand (Fas/FasL) and the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) system plays a key role in hepatic death during HBV infection. We found that HBeAg mediates resistance of hepatocytes to FasL or TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Introduction of HBeAg into human hepatocytes rendered resistance to FasL or TRAIL cytotoxicity in a p53-dependent manner. HBeAg further inhibited the expression of p53, total Fas, membrane-bound Fas, TNF receptor superfamily member 10a, and TNF receptor superfamily member 10b at both mRNA and protein levels. In contrast, HBeAg enhanced the expression of soluble forms of Fas through facilitation of Fas alternative mRNA splicing. In a mouse model, expression of HBeAg in mice injected with recombinant adenovirus-associated virus 8 inhibited agonistic anti-Fas antibody-induced hepatic apoptosis. Xenograft tumorigenicity assay also found that HBeAg-induced carcinogenesis was resistant to the proapoptotic effect of TRAIL and chemotherapeutic drugs. These results indicate that HBeAg may prevent hepatocytes from FasL and TRAIL-induced apoptosis by regulating the expression of the proapoptotic and antiapoptotic forms of death receptors, which may contribute to the survival and persistence of infected hepatocytes during HBV infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Institute of Digestive Disease, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China; Department of Gastroenterology, Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang, China.
| | - Teng-Fei Guo
- Institute of Digestive Disease, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Zhen-Tang Jing
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qiao-Yun Tong
- Institute of Digestive Disease, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China; Department of Gastroenterology, Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Hardwick SA, Joglekar A, Flicek P, Frankish A, Tilgner HU. Getting the Entire Message: Progress in Isoform Sequencing. Front Genet 2019; 10:709. [PMID: 31475029 PMCID: PMC6706457 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The advent of second-generation sequencing and its application to RNA sequencing have revolutionized the field of genomics by allowing quantification of gene expression, as well as the definition of transcription start/end sites, exons, splice sites and RNA editing sites. However, due to the sequencing of fragments of cDNAs, these methods have not given a reliable picture of complete RNA isoforms. Third-generation sequencing has filled this gap and allows end-to-end sequencing of entire RNA/cDNA molecules. This approach to transcriptomics has been a "niche" technology for a couple of years but now is becoming mainstream with many different applications. Here, we review the background and progress made to date in this rapidly growing field. We start by reviewing the progressive realization that alternative splicing is omnipresent. We then focus on long-noncoding RNA isoforms and the distinct combination patterns of exons in noncoding and coding genes. We consider the implications of the recent technologies of direct RNA sequencing and single-cell isoform RNA sequencing. Finally, we discuss the parameters that define the success of long-read RNA sequencing experiments and strategies commonly used to make the most of such data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon A. Hardwick
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, NY, United States
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Anoushka Joglekar
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, NY, United States
| | - Paul Flicek
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Adam Frankish
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Hagen U. Tilgner
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, NY, United States
| |
Collapse
|