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Khan R, Pari B, Puszynski K. Comprehensive Bioinformatic Investigation of TP53 Dysregulation in Diverse Cancer Landscapes. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:577. [PMID: 38790205 PMCID: PMC11121236 DOI: 10.3390/genes15050577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
P53 overexpression plays a critical role in cancer pathogenesis by disrupting the intricate regulation of cellular proliferation. Despite its firmly established function as a tumor suppressor, elevated p53 levels can paradoxically contribute to tumorigenesis, influenced by factors such as exposure to carcinogens, genetic mutations, and viral infections. This phenomenon is observed across a spectrum of cancer types, including bladder (BLCA), ovarian (OV), cervical (CESC), cholangiocarcinoma (CHOL), colon adenocarcinoma (COAD), diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBC), esophageal carcinoma (ESCA), head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC), kidney chromophobe (KICH), kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC), liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC), lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC), and uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma (UCEC). This broad spectrum of cancers is often associated with increased aggressiveness and recurrence risk. Effective therapeutic strategies targeting tumors with p53 overexpression require a comprehensive approach, integrating targeted interventions aimed at the p53 gene with conventional modalities such as chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and targeted drugs. In this extensive study, we present a detailed analysis shedding light on the multifaceted role of TP53 across various cancers, with a specific emphasis on its impact on disease-free survival (DFS). Leveraging data from the TCGA database and the GTEx dataset, along with GEPIA, UALCAN, and STRING, we identify TP53 overexpression as a significant prognostic indicator, notably pronounced in prostate adenocarcinoma (PRAD). Supported by compelling statistical significance (p < 0.05), our analysis reveals the distinct influence of TP53 overexpression on DFS outcomes in PRAD. Additionally, graphical representations of overall survival (OS) underscore the notable disparity in OS duration between tumors exhibiting elevated TP53 expression (depicted by the red line) and those with lower TP53 levels (indicated by the blue line). The hazard ratio (HR) further emphasizes the profound impact of TP53 on overall survival. Moreover, our investigation delves into the intricate TP53 protein network, unveiling genes exhibiting robust positive correlations with TP53 expression across 13 out of 27 cancers. Remarkably, negative correlations emerge with pivotal tumor suppressor genes. This network analysis elucidates critical proteins, including SIRT1, CBP, p300, ATM, DAXX, HSP 90-alpha, Mdm2, RPA70, 14-3-3 protein sigma, p53, and ASPP2, pivotal in regulating cell cycle dynamics, DNA damage response, and transcriptional regulation. Our study underscores the paramount importance of deciphering TP53 dynamics in cancer, providing invaluable insights into tumor behavior, disease-free survival, and potential therapeutic avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruby Khan
- Department of Systems Biology and Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland;
| | - Bakht Pari
- Principal, Nursing School, Lady Reading Hospital Peshawar, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan;
| | - Krzysztof Puszynski
- Department of Systems Biology and Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland;
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2
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Amson R, Senff-Ribeiro A, Karafin T, Lespagnol A, Honoré J, Baylot V, Banroques J, Tanner NK, Chamond N, Dimitrov JD, Hoebeke J, Droin NM, Job B, Piard J, Bommer UA, Choi KW, Abdelfatah S, Efferth T, Telerman SB, Geyer FC, Reis-Filho J, Telerman A. TCTP regulates genotoxic stress and tumorigenicity via intercellular vesicular signaling. EMBO Rep 2024; 25:1962-1986. [PMID: 38548973 PMCID: PMC11014985 DOI: 10.1038/s44319-024-00108-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Oncogenic intercellular signaling is regulated by extracellular vesicles (EVs), but the underlying mechanisms remain mostly unclear. Since TCTP (translationally controlled tumor protein) is an EV component, we investigated whether it has a role in genotoxic stress signaling and malignant transformation. By generating a Tctp-inducible knockout mouse model (Tctp-/f-), we report that Tctp is required for genotoxic stress-induced apoptosis signaling via small EVs (sEVs). Human breast cancer cells knocked-down for TCTP show impaired spontaneous EV secretion, thereby reducing sEV-dependent malignant growth. Since Trp53-/- mice are prone to tumor formation, we derived tumor cells from Trp53-/-;Tctp-/f- double mutant mice and describe a drastic decrease in tumori-genicity with concomitant decrease in sEV secretion and content. Remarkably, Trp53-/-;Tctp-/f- mice show highly prolonged survival. Treatment of Trp53-/- mice with sertraline, which inhibits TCTP function, increases their survival. Mechanistically, TCTP binds DDX3, recruiting RNAs, including miRNAs, to sEVs. Our findings establish TCTP as an essential protagonist in the regulation of sEV-signaling in the context of apoptosis and tumorigenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Amson
- Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR), Unité Inserm U981, Bâtiment B2M, 114 rue Édouard-Vaillant, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Andrea Senff-Ribeiro
- Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR), Unité Inserm U981, Bâtiment B2M, 114 rue Édouard-Vaillant, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Teele Karafin
- Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR), Unité Inserm U981, Bâtiment B2M, 114 rue Édouard-Vaillant, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Alexandra Lespagnol
- Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR), Unité Inserm U981, Bâtiment B2M, 114 rue Édouard-Vaillant, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Joane Honoré
- Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR), Unité Inserm U981, Bâtiment B2M, 114 rue Édouard-Vaillant, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Virginie Baylot
- Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR), Unité Inserm U981, Bâtiment B2M, 114 rue Édouard-Vaillant, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Josette Banroques
- Université de Paris Cité & CNRS, Expression Génétique Microbienne, IBPC, 13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie and Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Paris Sciences et Lettres University, CNRS UMR8261, EGM, 75005, Paris, France
| | - N Kyle Tanner
- Université de Paris Cité & CNRS, Expression Génétique Microbienne, IBPC, 13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie and Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Paris Sciences et Lettres University, CNRS UMR8261, EGM, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Chamond
- Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Laboratoire CiTCom - UMR CNRS 8038 Université Paris Descartes 4 Avenue de l'Observatoire, 75270, Paris, France
| | - Jordan D Dimitrov
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Johan Hoebeke
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, UPR CNRS 9021, 15, rue René Descartes, 67084, Strasbourg, France
| | - Nathalie M Droin
- Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR), Unité Inserm U1287, 114 rue Édouard-Vaillant, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Bastien Job
- Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR), Bioinformatics Core Facility, 114 rue Édouard-Vaillant, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Jonathan Piard
- Département de Chimie, Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay, 4 avenue Des Sciences, 91110, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Ulrich-Axel Bommer
- Graduate School of Medicine, Faculty of Science, Medicine & Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Kwang-Wook Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Sara Abdelfatah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Science, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Science, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Felipe Correa Geyer
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), 1275 York Ave, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Jorge Reis-Filho
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), 1275 York Ave, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Adam Telerman
- Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR), Unité Inserm U981, Bâtiment B2M, 114 rue Édouard-Vaillant, 94805, Villejuif, France.
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3
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Honeywell ME, Isidor MS, Harper NW, Fontana RE, Birdsall GA, Cruz-Gordillo P, Porto SA, Jerome M, Fraser CS, Sarosiek KA, Guertin DA, Spinelli JB, Lee MJ. Functional genomic screens with death rate analyses reveal mechanisms of drug action. Nat Chem Biol 2024:10.1038/s41589-024-01584-7. [PMID: 38480981 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-024-01584-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
A common approach for understanding how drugs induce their therapeutic effects is to identify the genetic determinants of drug sensitivity. Because 'chemo-genetic profiles' are performed in a pooled format, inference of gene function is subject to several confounding influences related to variation in growth rates between clones. In this study, we developed Method for Evaluating Death Using a Simulation-assisted Approach (MEDUSA), which uses time-resolved measurements, along with model-driven constraints, to reveal the combination of growth and death rates that generated the observed drug response. MEDUSA is uniquely effective at identifying death regulatory genes. We apply MEDUSA to characterize DNA damage-induced lethality in the presence and absence of p53. Loss of p53 switches the mechanism of DNA damage-induced death from apoptosis to a non-apoptotic death that requires high respiration. These findings demonstrate the utility of MEDUSA both for determining the genetic dependencies of lethality and for revealing opportunities to potentiate chemo-efficacy in a cancer-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan E Honeywell
- Department of Systems Biology, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Marie S Isidor
- Program in Molecular Medicine, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nicholas W Harper
- Department of Systems Biology, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Rachel E Fontana
- Department of Systems Biology, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Gavin A Birdsall
- Department of Systems Biology, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Peter Cruz-Gordillo
- Department of Systems Biology, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Sydney A Porto
- Department of Systems Biology, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Madison Jerome
- Program in Molecular Medicine, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Cameron S Fraser
- John B. Little Center for Radiation Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kristopher A Sarosiek
- John B. Little Center for Radiation Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David A Guertin
- Program in Molecular Medicine, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Jessica B Spinelli
- Program in Molecular Medicine, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Michael J Lee
- Department of Systems Biology, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
- Program in Molecular Medicine, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
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4
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Song B, Yang P, Zhang S. Cell fate regulation governed by p53: Friends or reversible foes in cancer therapy. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2024; 44:297-360. [PMID: 38311377 PMCID: PMC10958678 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. Targeted therapies aimed at key oncogenic driver mutations in combination with chemotherapy and radiotherapy as well as immunotherapy have benefited cancer patients considerably. Tumor protein p53 (TP53), a crucial tumor suppressor gene encoding p53, regulates numerous downstream genes and cellular phenotypes in response to various stressors. The affected genes are involved in diverse processes, including cell cycle arrest, DNA repair, cellular senescence, metabolic homeostasis, apoptosis, and autophagy. However, accumulating recent studies have continued to reveal novel and unexpected functions of p53 in governing the fate of tumors, for example, functions in ferroptosis, immunity, the tumor microenvironment and microbiome metabolism. Among the possibilities, the evolutionary plasticity of p53 is the most controversial, partially due to the dizzying array of biological functions that have been attributed to different regulatory mechanisms of p53 signaling. Nearly 40 years after its discovery, this key tumor suppressor remains somewhat enigmatic. The intricate and diverse functions of p53 in regulating cell fate during cancer treatment are only the tip of the iceberg with respect to its equally complicated structural biology, which has been painstakingly revealed. Additionally, TP53 mutation is one of the most significant genetic alterations in cancer, contributing to rapid cancer cell growth and tumor progression. Here, we summarized recent advances that implicate altered p53 in modulating the response to various cancer therapies, including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy. Furthermore, we also discussed potential strategies for targeting p53 as a therapeutic option for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Song
- Laboratory of Radiation MedicineWest China Second University HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanP. R. China
| | - Ping Yang
- Laboratory of Radiation MedicineWest China Second University HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanP. R. China
| | - Shuyu Zhang
- Laboratory of Radiation MedicineWest China Second University HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanP. R. China
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical CollegeChina National Nuclear Corporation 416 HospitalChengduSichuanP. R. China
- Laboratory of Radiation MedicineNHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Technology Medical TransformationWest China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic MedicineSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanP. R. China
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5
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Matthews ER, Johnson OD, Horn KJ, Gutiérrez JA, Powell SR, Ward MC. Anthracyclines induce cardiotoxicity through a shared gene expression response signature. PLoS Genet 2024; 20:e1011164. [PMID: 38416769 PMCID: PMC10927150 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1011164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
TOP2 inhibitors (TOP2i) are effective drugs for breast cancer treatment. However, they can cause cardiotoxicity in some women. The most widely used TOP2i include anthracyclines (AC) Doxorubicin (DOX), Daunorubicin (DNR), Epirubicin (EPI), and the anthraquinone Mitoxantrone (MTX). It is unclear whether women would experience the same adverse effects from all drugs in this class, or if specific drugs would be preferable for certain individuals based on their cardiotoxicity risk profile. To investigate this, we studied the effects of treatment of DOX, DNR, EPI, MTX, and an unrelated monoclonal antibody Trastuzumab (TRZ) on iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) from six healthy females. All TOP2i induce cell death at concentrations observed in cancer patient serum, while TRZ does not. A sub-lethal dose of all TOP2i induces limited cellular stress but affects calcium handling, a function critical for cardiomyocyte contraction. TOP2i induce thousands of gene expression changes over time, giving rise to four distinct gene expression response signatures, denoted as TOP2i early-acute, early-sustained, and late response genes, and non-response genes. There is no drug- or AC-specific signature. TOP2i early response genes are enriched in chromatin regulators, which mediate AC sensitivity across breast cancer patients. However, there is increased transcriptional variability between individuals following AC treatments. To investigate potential genetic effects on response variability, we first identified a reported set of expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) uncovered following DOX treatment in iPSC-CMs. Indeed, DOX response eQTLs are enriched in genes that respond to all TOP2i. Next, we identified 38 genes in loci associated with AC toxicity by GWAS or TWAS. Two thirds of the genes that respond to at least one TOP2i, respond to all ACs with the same direction of effect. Our data demonstrate that TOP2i induce thousands of shared gene expression changes in cardiomyocytes, including genes near SNPs associated with inter-individual variation in response to DOX treatment and AC-induced cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Renee Matthews
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Omar D. Johnson
- Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Kandace J. Horn
- John Sealy School of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - José A. Gutiérrez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Simon R. Powell
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Michelle C. Ward
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
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Trencsényi G, Csikos C, Képes Z. Targeted Radium Alpha Therapy in the Era of Nanomedicine: In Vivo Results. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:664. [PMID: 38203834 PMCID: PMC10779852 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Targeted alpha-particle therapy using radionuclides with alpha emission is a rapidly developing area in modern cancer treatment. To selectively deliver alpha-emitting isotopes to tumors, targeting vectors, including monoclonal antibodies, peptides, small molecule inhibitors, or other biomolecules, are attached to them, which ensures specific binding to tumor-related antigens and cell surface receptors. Although earlier studies have already demonstrated the anti-tumor potential of alpha-emitting radium (Ra) isotopes-Radium-223 and Radium-224 (223/224Ra)-in the treatment of skeletal metastases, their inability to complex with target-specific moieties hindered application beyond bone targeting. To exploit the therapeutic gains of Ra across a wider spectrum of cancers, nanoparticles have recently been embraced as carriers to ensure the linkage of 223/224Ra to target-affine vectors. Exemplified by prior findings, Ra was successfully bound to several nano/microparticles, including lanthanum phosphate, nanozeolites, barium sulfate, hydroxyapatite, calcium carbonate, gypsum, celestine, or liposomes. Despite the lengthened tumor retention and the related improvement in the radiotherapeutic effect of 223/224Ra coupled to nanoparticles, the in vivo assessment of the radiolabeled nanoprobes is a prerequisite prior to clinical usage. For this purpose, experimental xenotransplant models of different cancers provide a well-suited scenario. Herein, we summarize the latest achievements with 223/224Ra-doped nanoparticles and related advances in targeted alpha radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- György Trencsényi
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Translational Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (G.T.); (C.C.)
| | - Csaba Csikos
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Translational Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (G.T.); (C.C.)
- Gyula Petrányi Doctoral School of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zita Képes
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Translational Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (G.T.); (C.C.)
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Kim AB, Chou SY, Kang S, Kwon E, Inkman M, Szymanski J, Andruska N, Colgan C, Zhang J, Yang JC, Singh N, DeSelm CJ. Intrinsic tumor resistance to CAR T cells is a dynamic transcriptional state that is exploitable with low-dose radiation. Blood Adv 2023; 7:5396-5408. [PMID: 37093643 PMCID: PMC10509663 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2022009543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy represents a major advancement for hematologic malignancies, with some patients achieving long-term remission. However, the majority of treated patients still die of their disease. A consistent predictor of response is tumor quantity, wherein a higher disease burden before CAR T-cell therapy portends a worse prognosis. Focal radiation to bulky sites of the disease can decrease tumor quantity before CAR T-cell therapy, but whether this strategy improves survival is unknown. We find that substantially reducing systemic tumor quantity using high-dose radiation to areas of bulky disease, which is commonly done clinically, is less impactful on overall survival in mice achieved by CAR T cells than targeting all sites of disease with low-dose total tumor irradiation (TTI) before CAR T-cell therapy. This finding highlights another predictor of response, tumor quality, the intrinsic resistance of an individual patient's tumor cells to CAR T-cell killing. Little is known about whether or how an individual tumor's intrinsic resistance may change under different circumstances. We find a transcriptional "death receptor score" that reflects a tumor's intrinsic sensitivity to CAR T cells can be temporarily increased by low-dose TTI, and the timing of this transcriptional change correlates with improved in vivo leukemia control by an otherwise limited number of CAR T cells. This suggests an actionable method for potentially improving outcomes in patients predicted to respond poorly to this promising therapy and highlights that intrinsic tumor attributes may be equally or more important predictors of CAR T-cell response as tumor burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander B. Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Ssu-Yu Chou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Solomon Kang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Eric Kwon
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Matthew Inkman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Jeff Szymanski
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Neal Andruska
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Cian Colgan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Joanna C. Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Nathan Singh
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Carl J. DeSelm
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
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8
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Honeywell ME, Isidor MS, Harper NW, Fontana RE, Cruz-Gordillo P, Porto SA, Fraser CS, Sarosiek KA, Guertin DA, Spinelli JB, Lee MJ. p53 controls choice between apoptotic and non-apoptotic death following DNA damage. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.17.524444. [PMID: 36712034 PMCID: PMC9882237 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.17.524444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
DNA damage can activate apoptotic and non-apoptotic forms of cell death; however, it remains unclear what features dictate which type of cell death is activated. We report that p53 controls the choice between apoptotic and non-apoptotic death following exposure to DNA damage. In contrast to the conventional model, which suggests that p53-deficient cells should be resistant to DNA damage-induced cell death, we find that p53-deficient cells die at high rates following DNA damage, but exclusively using non-apoptotic mechanisms. Our experimental data and computational modeling reveal that non-apoptotic death in p53-deficient cells has not been observed due to use of assays that are either insensitive to cell death, or that specifically score apoptotic cells. Using functional genetic screening - with an analysis that enables computational inference of the drug-induced death rate - we find in p53-deficient cells that DNA damage activates a mitochondrial respiration-dependent form of cell death, called MPT-driven necrosis. Cells deficient for p53 have high basal respiration, which primes MPT-driven necrosis. Finally, using metabolite profiling, we identified mitochondrial activity-dependent metabolic vulnerabilities that can be targeted to potentiate the lethality of DNA damage specifically in p53-deficient cells. Our findings reveal how the dual functions of p53 in regulating mitochondrial activity and the DNA damage response combine to facilitate the choice between apoptotic and non-apoptotic death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan E. Honeywell
- Department of Systems Biology, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605 USA
| | - Marie S. Isidor
- Program in Molecular Medicine, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605 USA
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nicholas W. Harper
- Department of Systems Biology, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605 USA
| | - Rachel E. Fontana
- Department of Systems Biology, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605 USA
| | - Peter Cruz-Gordillo
- Department of Systems Biology, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605 USA
| | - Sydney A. Porto
- Department of Systems Biology, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605 USA
| | - Cameron S. Fraser
- John B. Little Center for Radiation Sciences, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115 USA
| | - Kristopher A. Sarosiek
- John B. Little Center for Radiation Sciences, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115 USA
| | - David A. Guertin
- Program in Molecular Medicine, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605 USA
| | - Jessica B. Spinelli
- Program in Molecular Medicine, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605 USA
| | - Michael J. Lee
- Department of Systems Biology, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605 USA
- Program in Molecular Medicine, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605 USA
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9
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Resnick-Silverman L, Zhou R, Campbell MJ, Leibling I, Parsons R, Manfredi JJ. In vivo RNA-seq and ChIP-seq analyses show an obligatory role for the C terminus of p53 in conferring tissue-specific radiation sensitivity. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112216. [PMID: 36924496 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Thymus and spleen, in contrast to liver, are radiosensitive tissues in which p53-dependent apoptosis is triggered after whole-body radiation in vivo. Combined RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) analyses of radiation-treated mouse organs identifies both shared and tissue-specific p53 transcriptional responses. As expected, the p53 targets shared among thymus and spleen are enriched in apoptotic targets. The inability to upregulate these genes in the liver is not due to reduced gene occupancy. Use of an engineered mouse model shows that deletion of the C terminus of p53 can confer radiation-induced expression of p53 apoptotic targets in the liver with concomitant increased cell death. Global RNA-seq analysis reveals that an additional role of the C terminus is also needed for transcriptional activation of liver-specific p53 targets. It is hypothesized that both suppression of apoptotic gene expression combined with enhanced activation of liver-specific targets confers tissue-specific radio-resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lois Resnick-Silverman
- Department of Oncological Sciences and Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Royce Zhou
- Department of Oncological Sciences and Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; The Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Moray J Campbell
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy at The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Ian Leibling
- Department of Oncological Sciences and Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Ramon Parsons
- Department of Oncological Sciences and Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; The Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - James J Manfredi
- Department of Oncological Sciences and Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; The Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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10
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Garciaz S, Miller T, Collette Y, Vey N. Targeting regulated cell death pathways in acute myeloid leukemia. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2023; 6:151-168. [PMID: 37065864 PMCID: PMC10099605 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2022.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
The use of the BCL2 inhibitor venetoclax has transformed the management of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) who are ineligible for intensive chemotherapy. By triggering intrinsic apoptosis, the drug is an excellent illustration of how our greater understanding of molecular cell death pathways can be translated into the clinic. Nevertheless, most venetoclax-treated patients will relapse, suggesting the need to target additional regulated cell death pathways. To highlight advances in this strategy, we review the recognized regulated cell death pathways, including apoptosis, necroptosis, ferroptosis and autophagy. Next, we detail the therapeutic opportunities to trigger regulated cell death in AML. Finally, we describe the main drug discovery challenges for regulated cell death inducers and their translation into clinical trials. A better knowledge of the molecular pathways regulating cell death represents a promising strategy to develop new drugs to cure resistant or refractory AML patients, particularly those resistant to intrinsic apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Garciaz
- Hematology Department, Integrative Structural and Chemical Biology, Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm U1068, CNRS UMR7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Marseille 13009, France
| | - Thomas Miller
- Integrative Structural and Chemical Biology, Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm U1068, CNRS UMR7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Marseille 13009, France
| | - Yves Collette
- Integrative Structural and Chemical Biology, Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm U1068, CNRS UMR7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Marseille 13009, France
| | - Norbert Vey
- Hematology Department, Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm U1068, CNRS UMR7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Marseille 13009, France
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11
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S S P, M R R. Synergistic effect of p53 gene/DOX intracellular delivery and P-gp inhibition by pullulan thiomers on cancer cells: in vitro and in vivo evaluations. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:1365-1377. [PMID: 36655691 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb01770a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Numerous reports emphasize the inverse relationship between the mutant p53 protein and P-glycoprotein overexpression, which adversely affects the chemosensitivity of cancer cells. In this study, the cationised pullulan polysaccharide was conjugated with dithiobutyric acid (PPDBA) for the intracellular delivery of doxorubicin and the p53 gene. The transfection efficiency of PPDBA using the apoptotic gene p53 and its ability to modulate efflux pumps in the presence and absence of glutathione and the subsequent drug retention were studied in different cell lines. The percentage cell death mediated by the PPDBA/p53 nanoplex (4 : 1 ratio) was 59%, and by DOX alone a 50% cell death was attained at 3.13 μM in C6 cells, but the percentage cell death mediated by PPDBA/p53 (4 : 1) in combination with 1 μM DOX was as high as 98%. The effect of PPDBA II/p53/DOX nanoplexes on the mouse tumor model was evaluated in BALB/c mice which demonstrated good efficacy when compared with the drug or gene alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya S S
- Division of Biosurface Technology, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences & Technology, Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.
| | - Rekha M R
- Division of Biosurface Technology, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences & Technology, Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.
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12
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Hermann AL, Fell GL, Kemény LV, Fung CY, Held KD, Biggs PJ, Rivera PD, Bilbo SD, Igras V, Willers H, Kung J, Gheorghiu L, Hideghéty K, Mao J, Woolf CJ, Fisher DE. β-Endorphin mediates radiation therapy fatigue. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabn6025. [PMID: 36525492 PMCID: PMC9757747 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abn6025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Fatigue is a common adverse effect of external beam radiation therapy in cancer patients. Mechanisms causing radiation fatigue remain unclear, although linkage to skin irradiation has been suggested. β-Endorphin, an endogenous opioid, is synthesized in skin following genotoxic ultraviolet irradiation and acts systemically, producing addiction. Exogenous opiates with the same receptor activity as β-endorphin can cause fatigue. Using rodent models of radiation therapy, exposing tails and sparing vital organs, we tested whether skin-derived β-endorphin contributes to radiation-induced fatigue. Over a 6-week radiation regimen, plasma β-endorphin increased in rats, paralleled by opiate phenotypes (elevated pain thresholds, Straub tail) and fatigue-like behavior, which was reversed in animals treated by the opiate antagonist naloxone. Mechanistically, all these phenotypes were blocked by opiate antagonist treatment and were undetected in either β-endorphin knockout mice or mice lacking keratinocyte p53 expression. These findings implicate skin-derived β-endorphin in systemic effects of radiation therapy. Opioid antagonism may warrant testing in humans as treatment or prevention of radiation-induced fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea L. Hermann
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology and Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Oncotherapy, Doctoral School of Clinical Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gillian L. Fell
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology and Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Lajos V. Kemény
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology and Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- HCEMM-SU Translational Dermatology Research Group, Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Claire Y. Fung
- Radiation Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Kathryn D. Held
- Radiation Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements, 7910 Woodmont Ave, Suite 400, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Peter J. Biggs
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Phillip D. Rivera
- Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Lurie Center for Autism, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston, MA 02421, USA
- Department of Biology, Hope College, Holland, MI 49423, USA
| | - Staci D. Bilbo
- Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Lurie Center for Autism, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston, MA 02421, USA
| | - Vivien Igras
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology and Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Henning Willers
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Jong Kung
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Liliana Gheorghiu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Katalin Hideghéty
- Department of Oncotherapy, Doctoral School of Clinical Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- ELI-ALPS Non Profit Ltd., Szeged, Hungary
| | - Jianren Mao
- MGH Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Clifford J. Woolf
- FM Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - David E. Fisher
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology and Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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13
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Targeting TRAIL Death Receptors in Triple-Negative Breast Cancers: Challenges and Strategies for Cancer Therapy. Cells 2022; 11:cells11233717. [PMID: 36496977 PMCID: PMC9739296 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily member TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) induces apoptosis in cancer cells via death receptor (DR) activation with little toxicity to normal cells or tissues. The selectivity for activating apoptosis in cancer cells confers an ideal therapeutic characteristic to TRAIL, which has led to the development and clinical testing of many DR agonists. However, TRAIL/DR targeting therapies have been widely ineffective in clinical trials of various malignancies for reasons that remain poorly understood. Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) has the worst prognosis among breast cancers. Targeting the TRAIL DR pathway has shown notable efficacy in a subset of TNBC in preclinical models but again has not shown appreciable activity in clinical trials. In this review, we will discuss the signaling components and mechanisms governing TRAIL pathway activation and clinical trial findings discussed with a focus on TNBC. Challenges and potential solutions for using DR agonists in the clinic are also discussed, including consideration of the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of DR agonists, patient selection by predictive biomarkers, and potential combination therapies. Moreover, recent findings on the impact of TRAIL treatment on the immune response, as well as novel strategies to address those challenges, are discussed.
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14
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Saxena K, Carter BZ, Konopleva M. EXABS-147-AML How Do We Overcome Resistance to Venetoclax. CLINICAL LYMPHOMA, MYELOMA & LEUKEMIA 2022; 22 Suppl 2:S55-S57. [PMID: 36164229 DOI: 10.1016/s2152-2650(22)00660-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kapil Saxena
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Dept of Cancer Medicine, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Bing Z Carter
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Dept of Leukemia, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Marina Konopleva
- Montefiore Einstein Cancer Center, Dept of Oncology, 1300 Morris Park Ave, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
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15
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Phillips JL, Buermeyer AB, Nguyen BD, Loehr C, Kolluri SK. Loss of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor increases tumorigenesis in p53-deficient mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2022; 454:116191. [PMID: 35926564 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2022.116191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that regulates cell fate via activation of a diverse set of genes. There are conflicting reports describing the role of AhR in cancer. AhR-knockout mice do not develop tumors spontaneously, yet the AhR can act as a tumor suppressor in certain contexts. Loss of tumor suppression by p53 is common in human cancer. To investigate AhR function in the absence of p53, we generated mice lacking both AhR and p53. Mice deficient for AhR and p53 had shortened lifespan, increased tumorigenesis, and an altered tumor spectrum relative to control mice lacking only p53. In addition, knockout of both AhR and p53 resulted in reduced embryonic survival and neonatal fitness. We also examined the consequences of loss of AhR in p53-heterozygous mice and observed a significantly reduced lifespan and enhanced tumor burden. These findings reveal an important role for the AhR as a tumor suppressor in the absence of p53 signaling and support the development of anti-cancer therapeutics that would promote the tumor suppressive actions of the AhR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Phillips
- Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Environmental & Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, United States of America
| | - Andrew B Buermeyer
- Department of Environmental & Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 897331, United States of America; The Pacific Northwest Center for Translational Environmental Health Research, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Bach D Nguyen
- Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Environmental & Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, United States of America
| | - Christiane Loehr
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 897331, United States of America; The Pacific Northwest Center for Translational Environmental Health Research, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Siva K Kolluri
- Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Environmental & Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, United States of America; The Pacific Northwest Center for Translational Environmental Health Research, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
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16
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Chen L, Cao L, Zhan M, Li J, Wang D, Laurent R, Mignani S, Caminade AM, Majoral JP, Shi X. Engineered Stable Bioactive Per Se Amphiphilic Phosphorus Dendron Nanomicelles as a Highly Efficient Drug Delivery System To Take Down Breast Cancer In Vivo. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:2827-2837. [PMID: 35694854 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c00197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Conventional small molecular chemical drugs always have challenging limitations in cancer therapy due to their high systemic toxicity and low therapeutic efficacy. Nanotechnology has been applied in drug delivery, bringing new promising potential to realize effective cancer treatment. In this context, we develop here a new nanomicellar drug delivery platform generated by amphiphilic phosphorus dendrons (1-C17G3.HCl), which could form micelles for effective encapsulation of a hydrophobic anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX) with a high drug loading content (42.4%) and encapsulation efficiency (96.7%). Owing to the unique dendritic rigid structure and surface hydrophilic groups, large steady void space of micelles can be created for drug encapsulation. The created DOX-loaded micelles with a mean diameter of 26.3 nm have good colloidal stability. Strikingly, we show that the drug-free micelles possess good intrinsic anticancer activity and act collectively with DOX to take down breast cancer cells in vitro and the xenografted tumor model in vivo through upregulation of Bax, PTEN, and p53 proteins for enhanced cell apoptosis. Meanwhile, the resulting 1-C17G3.HCl@DOX micelles significantly abolish the toxicity relevant to the free drug. The findings of this study demonstrate a unique nanomicelle-based drug delivery system created with the self-assembling amphiphilic phosphorus dendrons that may be adapted for chemotherapy of different cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China.,Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination du CNRS, 205 Route de Narbonne, BP 44099, Toulouse Cedex 4 31077, France.,Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, Toulouse Cedex 4 31077, France
| | - Liu Cao
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengsi Zhan
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Li
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Dayuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Régis Laurent
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination du CNRS, 205 Route de Narbonne, BP 44099, Toulouse Cedex 4 31077, France.,Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, Toulouse Cedex 4 31077, France
| | - Serge Mignani
- Université Paris Descartes, PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 860, Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologique, 45, rue des Saints Pères, Paris 75006, France.,CQM - Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, Funchal 9020-105, Portugal
| | - Anne-Marie Caminade
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination du CNRS, 205 Route de Narbonne, BP 44099, Toulouse Cedex 4 31077, France.,Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, Toulouse Cedex 4 31077, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Majoral
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination du CNRS, 205 Route de Narbonne, BP 44099, Toulouse Cedex 4 31077, France.,Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, Toulouse Cedex 4 31077, France
| | - Xiangyang Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China.,CQM - Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, Funchal 9020-105, Portugal
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17
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Marney CB, Anderson ES, Baum R, Schmitt AM. A Unique Spectrum of Spontaneous Tumors in Dino Knockout Mice Identifies Tissue-Specific Requirements for Tumor Suppression. Cells 2022; 11:cells11111818. [PMID: 35681513 PMCID: PMC9180304 DOI: 10.3390/cells11111818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we report that Dino, a lncRNA required for p53 signaling, suppresses spontaneous tumorigenesis in mice. Dino−/− mice develop significantly more malignant tumors than Dino+/+ littermate controls, consisting predominantly of sarcomas, B cell lymphomas and additional rare tumors. While the prevalence of lymphomas and sarcomas in Dino−/− mice is similar to that of mice with p53 loss, important distinctions emerged. p53-null mice predominantly develop T cell lymphomas; however, no spontaneous T cell lymphoma was observed in Dino−/− mice. Rather than being a phenocopy of the p53-null tumor spectrum, spontaneous tumors in Dino−/− mice resemble the spectrum of human cancers in which DINO is recurrently silenced by methylation in a manner that is mutually exclusive with TP53 alterations, suggesting that similar tissues in human and mouse require DINO for tumor suppression. Consistent with a tissue-specific role for Dino in tumor suppression, loss of Dino had no impact on the development of radiation-induced T cell lymphoma and oncogene-driven medulloblastoma, tumors that are accelerated by the loss of p53. Taken together, these data indicate that Dino serves as a potent tumor suppressor molecule specific to a select subset of tissues in mice and humans.
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18
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Ha JH, Prela O, Carpizo DR, Loh SN. p53 and Zinc: A Malleable Relationship. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:895887. [PMID: 35495631 PMCID: PMC9043292 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.895887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A large percentage of transcription factors require zinc to bind DNA. In this review, we discuss what makes p53 unique among zinc-dependent transcription factors. The conformation of p53 is unusually malleable: p53 binds zinc extremely tightly when folded, but is intrinsically unstable in the absence of zinc at 37°C. Whether the wild-type protein folds in the cell is largely determined by the concentration of available zinc. Consequently, zinc dysregulation in the cell as well as a large percentage of tumorigenic p53 mutations can cause p53 to lose zinc, misfold, and forfeit its tumor suppressing activity. We highlight p53’s noteworthy biophysical properties that give rise to its malleability and how proper zinc binding can be restored by synthetic metallochaperones to reactivate mutant p53. The activity and mechanism of metallochaperones are compared to those of other mutant p53-targeted drugs with an emphasis on those that have reached the clinical trial stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeung-Hoi Ha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - Orjola Prela
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Darren R Carpizo
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Stewart N Loh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
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19
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Izutsu M, Domoto T, Kamoshida S, Ohsaki H, Matsuoka H, Umeki Y, Shiogama K, Hirayama M, Suda K, Uyama I. Expression status of p53 and organic cation transporter 1 is correlated with poor response to preoperative chemotherapy in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. World J Surg Oncol 2022; 20:105. [PMID: 35365176 PMCID: PMC8976339 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-022-02571-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a highly malignant neoplasm. DNA-damaging drugs, such as cisplatin (CDDP) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), are most frequently used in preoperative chemotherapy for ESCC. However, the response to preoperative chemotherapy varies among patients. p53, encoded by TP53, participates in apoptotic pathways following chemotherapy with DNA-damaging drugs, and mutation of TP53 contributes to chemoresistance. Organic cation transporter 1 (OCT1) participates in the uptake of CDDP, and its reduced expression is associated with CDDP resistance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the predictive impact of the expression status of p53 and OCT1 in response to preoperative chemotherapy in ESCC. Methods We retrospectively assessed 66 ESCC patients who received preoperative chemotherapy with CDDP/5-FU (CF) or docetaxel/CDDP/5-FU (DCF). p53 and OCT1 expression in pretreatment biopsy specimens was immunohistochemically determined and correlated with histological response to preoperative chemotherapy. Results p53 with wild-type (p53WT-ex) and mutant-type (p53MT-ex) expression patterns was identified in 40.9% and 59.1% of patients, respectively. High expression of OCT1 (OCT1High) was detected in 45.5%, and the remaining 54.5% showed low expression (OCT1Low). In a univariate analysis of the entire cohort, p53MT-ex was significantly correlated with poor response (P = 0.026), whereas OCT1Low showed marginal significance (P = 0.091). In a combined analysis, tumors with either p53MT-ex or OCT1Low showed a significant correlation with poor response compared with tumors with both p53WT-ex and OCT1High (P < 0.001). The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of combined p53/OCT1 were 93.9%, 47.1%, and 81.8%, respectively. Multivariate analysis identified p53 (P = 0.017), OCT1 (P = 0.032), and combined p53/OCT1 (P < 0.001) as independent predictors of histological response. When samples were stratified according to chemotherapy regimen in the univariate analysis, combined p53/OCT1 was the only significant factor for poor response in the CF (P = 0.011) and DCF (P = 0.021) groups, whereas p53 showed no statistical significance. Conclusions Our results suggest that either p53MT-ex or OCT1Low expression in pretreatment biopsy specimens may be a potential predictor of poor response to preoperative chemotherapy with the CF-based regimens in ESCC, although the specificity needs to be improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Izutsu
- Laboratory of Pathology, Department of Medical Biophysics, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 7-10-2 Tomogaoka, Suma-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 654-0142, Japan
| | - Takanori Domoto
- Laboratory of Pathology, Department of Medical Biophysics, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 7-10-2 Tomogaoka, Suma-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 654-0142, Japan
| | - Shingo Kamoshida
- Laboratory of Pathology, Department of Medical Biophysics, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 7-10-2 Tomogaoka, Suma-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 654-0142, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Ohsaki
- Laboratory of Pathology, Department of Medical Biophysics, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 7-10-2 Tomogaoka, Suma-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 654-0142, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Matsuoka
- Department of Surgery, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Yusuke Umeki
- Department of Surgery, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Kazuya Shiogama
- Department of Morphology and Cell Function, Fujita Health University School of Health Sciences, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Masaya Hirayama
- Department of Morphology and Cell Function, Fujita Health University School of Health Sciences, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Koichi Suda
- Department of Surgery, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Ichiro Uyama
- Department of Surgery, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
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20
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Granowicz EM, Jonas BA. Targeting TP53-Mutated Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Research and Clinical Developments. Onco Targets Ther 2022; 15:423-436. [PMID: 35479302 PMCID: PMC9037178 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s265637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
TP53 is a key tumor suppressor gene that plays an important role in regulating apoptosis, senescence, and DNA damage repair in response to cellular stress. Although somewhat rare, TP53-mutated AML has been identified as an important molecular subgroup with a prognosis that is arguably the worst of any. Survival beyond one year is rare after induction chemotherapy with or without consolidative allogeneic stem cell transplant. Although response rates have been improved with hypomethylating agents, outcomes remain particularly poor due to short response duration. Improvements in our understanding of AML genetics and biology have led to a surge in novel treatment options, though the clinical applicability of these agents in TP53-mutated disease remains largely unknown. This review will focus on the epidemiology, molecular characteristics, and clinical significance of TP53 mutations in AML as well as emerging treatment options that are currently being studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric M Granowicz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Brian A Jonas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
- Correspondence: Brian A Jonas, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, 4501 X Street, Suite #3016, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA, Tel +1 916-734-3772, Fax +1 916-734-7946, Email
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21
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Saxena K, DiNardo C, Daver N, Konopleva M. SOHO State of the Art Updates and Next Questions:Harnessing Apoptosis in AML. CLINICAL LYMPHOMA, MYELOMA & LEUKEMIA 2022; 22:133-139. [PMID: 34602371 DOI: 10.1016/j.clml.2021.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The treatment landscape for acute myeloid leukemia has expanded significantly in the past 5 years with the approval of several therapeutic small molecules. While agents such as FLT3 inhibitors and IDH inhibitors are restricted for patients with specific mutations, the selective BCL-2 inhibitor venetoclax combined with a hypomethylating agent or low-dose cytarabine was approved after demonstrating frontline efficacy across a molecularly heterogenous group of patients. Currently, venetoclax is being investigated in combination with multiple other therapies as the role of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway in acute myeloid leukemia continues to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kapil Saxena
- Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Courtney DiNardo
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Naval Daver
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Marina Konopleva
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX.
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22
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Raj S, Jaiswal SK, DePamphilis ML. Cell Death and the p53 Enigma During Mammalian Embryonic Development. Stem Cells 2022; 40:227-238. [PMID: 35304609 PMCID: PMC9199838 DOI: 10.1093/stmcls/sxac003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Twelve forms of programmed cell death (PCD) have been described in mammalian cells, but which of them occurs during embryonic development and the role played by the p53 transcription factor and tumor suppressor remains enigmatic. Although p53 is not required for mouse embryonic development, some studies conclude that PCD in pluripotent embryonic stem cells from mice (mESCs) or humans (hESCs) is p53-dependent whereas others conclude that it is not. Given the importance of pluripotent stem cells as models of embryonic development and their applications in regenerative medicine, resolving this enigma is essential. This review reconciles contradictory results based on the facts that p53 cannot induce lethality in mice until gastrulation and that experimental conditions could account for differences in results with ESCs. Consequently, activation of the G2-checkpoint in mouse ESCs is p53-independent and generally, if not always, results in noncanonical apoptosis. Once initiated, PCD occurs at equivalent rates and to equivalent extents regardless of the presence or absence of p53. However, depending on experimental conditions, p53 can accelerate initiation of PCD in ESCs and late-stage blastocysts. In contrast, DNA damage following differentiation of ESCs in vitro or formation of embryonic fibroblasts in vivo induces p53-dependent cell cycle arrest and senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonam Raj
- National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sushil K Jaiswal
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA,Present address: National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Melvin L DePamphilis
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA,Corresponding author: Melvin L. DePamphilis, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bldg. 6A, Rm 3A15, 6 Center Dr, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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23
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Yu XQ, Zhan YR, Tan J, Hei MW, Zhang S, Zhang J. Construction of GSH-triggered cationic fluoropolymer as two-in-one nanoplatform for combined chemo/gene therapy. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:1308-1318. [DOI: 10.1039/d1tb02602j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The combined chemo-gene therapy has become a promising approach for enhanced anti-cancer treatment. However, effective co-delivery of therapeutic gene and drug into target cells and tissues remains a major obstacle....
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24
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AXL Knock-Out in SNU475 Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells Provides Evidence for Lethal Effect Associated with G2 Arrest and Polyploidization. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413247. [PMID: 34948046 PMCID: PMC8708332 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AXL, a member of the TAM family, is a promising therapeutic target due to its elevated expression in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), particularly in association with acquired drug resistance. Previously, RNA interference was used to study its role in cancer, and several phenotypic changes, including attenuated cell proliferation and decreased migration and invasion, have been reported. The mechanism of action of AXL in HCC is elusive. We first studied the AXL expression in HCC cell lines by real-time PCR and western blot and showed its stringent association with a mesenchymal phenotype. We then explored the role of AXL in mesenchymal SNU475 cells by CRISPR-Cas9 mediated gene knock-out. AXL-depleted HCC cells displayed drastic phenotypic changes, including increased DNA damage response, prolongation of doubling time, G2 arrest, and polyploidization in vitro and loss of tumorigenicity in vivo. Pharmacological inhibition of AXL by R428 recapitulated G2 arrest and polyploidy phenotype. These observations strongly suggest that acute loss of AXL in some mesenchymal HCC cells is lethal and points out that its inhibition may represent a druggable vulnerability in AXL-high HCC patients.
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25
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Jaiswal SK, Raj S, DePamphilis ML. Developmental Acquisition of p53 Functions. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12111675. [PMID: 34828285 PMCID: PMC8622856 DOI: 10.3390/genes12111675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Remarkably, the p53 transcription factor, referred to as “the guardian of the genome”, is not essential for mammalian development. Moreover, efforts to identify p53-dependent developmental events have produced contradictory conclusions. Given the importance of pluripotent stem cells as models of mammalian development, and their applications in regenerative medicine and disease, resolving these conflicts is essential. Here we attempt to reconcile disparate data into justifiable conclusions predicated on reports that p53-dependent transcription is first detected in late mouse blastocysts, that p53 activity first becomes potentially lethal during gastrulation, and that apoptosis does not depend on p53. Furthermore, p53 does not regulate expression of genes required for pluripotency in embryonic stem cells (ESCs); it contributes to ESC genomic stability and differentiation. Depending on conditions, p53 accelerates initiation of apoptosis in ESCs in response to DNA damage, but cell cycle arrest as well as the rate and extent of apoptosis in ESCs are p53-independent. In embryonic fibroblasts, p53 induces cell cycle arrest to allow repair of DNA damage, and cell senescence to prevent proliferation of cells with extensive damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushil K. Jaiswal
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
- National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sonam Raj
- National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
| | - Melvin L. DePamphilis
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
- Correspondence:
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26
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Sharifi-Rad J, Quispe C, Patra JK, Singh YD, Panda MK, Das G, Adetunji CO, Michael OS, Sytar O, Polito L, Živković J, Cruz-Martins N, Klimek-Szczykutowicz M, Ekiert H, Choudhary MI, Ayatollahi SA, Tynybekov B, Kobarfard F, Muntean AC, Grozea I, Daştan SD, Butnariu M, Szopa A, Calina D. Paclitaxel: Application in Modern Oncology and Nanomedicine-Based Cancer Therapy. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:3687700. [PMID: 34707776 PMCID: PMC8545549 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3687700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Paclitaxel is a broad-spectrum anticancer compound, which was derived mainly from a medicinal plant, in particular, from the bark of the yew tree Taxus brevifolia Nutt. It is a representative of a class of diterpene taxanes, which are nowadays used as the most common chemotherapeutic agent against many forms of cancer. It possesses scientifically proven anticancer activity against, e.g., ovarian, lung, and breast cancers. The application of this compound is difficult because of limited solubility, recrystalization upon dilution, and cosolvent-induced toxicity. In these cases, nanotechnology and nanoparticles provide certain advantages such as increased drug half-life, lowered toxicity, and specific and selective delivery over free drugs. Nanodrugs possess the capability to buildup in the tissue which might be linked to enhanced permeability and retention as well as enhanced antitumour influence possessing minimal toxicity in normal tissues. This article presents information about paclitaxel, its chemical structure, formulations, mechanism of action, and toxicity. Attention is drawn on nanotechnology, the usefulness of nanoparticles containing paclitaxel, its opportunities, and also future perspective. This review article is aimed at summarizing the current state of continuous pharmaceutical development and employment of nanotechnology in the enhancement of the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic features of paclitaxel as a chemotherapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Cristina Quispe
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Arturo Prat, Avda. Arturo Prat 2120, Iquique 1110939, Chile
| | - Jayanta Kumar Patra
- Research Institute of Biotechnology & Medical Converged Science, Dongguk University, Goyangsi, Republic of Korea
| | - Yengkhom Disco Singh
- Department of Post-Harvest Technology, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Central Agricultural University, Pasighat, 791102 Arunachal Pradesh, India
| | - Manasa Kumar Panda
- Environment and Sustainability Department, CSIR-Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology, Bhubaneswar, 751013 Odisha, India
| | - Gitishree Das
- Research Institute of Biotechnology & Medical Converged Science, Dongguk University, Goyangsi, Republic of Korea
| | - Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji
- Applied Microbiology, Biotechnology and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Edo University Iyamho, PMB 04, Auchi, Edo State, Nigeria
| | - Olugbenga Samuel Michael
- Cardiometabolic Research Unit, Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, Bowen University, Iwo, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Oksana Sytar
- Department of Plant Biology Department, Institute of Biology, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv 01033, Ukraine
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra 94976, Slovakia
| | - Letizia Polito
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine-DIMES, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo 14, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Jelena Živković
- Institute for Medicinal Plants Research “Dr. Josif Pančić”, Tadeuša Košćuška 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Natália Cruz-Martins
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies (CESPU), Rua Central de Gandra, 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, PRD, Portugal
| | - Marta Klimek-Szczykutowicz
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Halina Ekiert
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Muhammad Iqbal Choudhary
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Seyed Abdulmajid Ayatollahi
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bekzat Tynybekov
- Department of Biodiversity of Bioresources, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Farzad Kobarfard
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ana Covilca Muntean
- Banat's University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine “King Michael I of Romania” from Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Ioana Grozea
- Banat's University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine “King Michael I of Romania” from Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Sevgi Durna Daştan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, 58140 Sivas, Turkey
- Beekeeping Development Application and Research Center, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, 58140 Sivas, Turkey
| | - Monica Butnariu
- Banat's University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine “King Michael I of Romania” from Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Agnieszka Szopa
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Daniela Calina
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
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Shi T, van Soest DMK, Polderman PE, Burgering BMT, Dansen TB. DNA damage and oxidant stress activate p53 through differential upstream signaling pathways. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 172:298-311. [PMID: 34144191 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Stabilization and activation of the p53 tumor suppressor are triggered in response to various cellular stresses, including DNA damaging agents and elevated Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) like H2O2. When cells are exposed to exogenously added H2O2, ATR/CHK1 and ATM/CHK2 dependent DNA damage signaling is switched on, suggesting that H2O2 induces both single and double strand breaks. These collective observations have resulted in the widely accepted model that oxidizing conditions lead to DNA damage that subsequently mediates a p53-dependent response like cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. However, H2O2 also induces signaling through stress-activated kinases (SAPK, e.g., JNK and p38 MAPK) that can activate p53. Here we dissect to what extent these pathways contribute to functional activation of p53 in response to oxidizing conditions. Collectively, our data suggest that p53 can be activated both by SAPK signaling and the DDR independently of each other, and which of these pathways is activated depends on the type of oxidant used. This implies that it could in principle be possible to modulate oxidative signaling to stimulate p53 without inducing collateral DNA damage, thereby limiting mutation accumulation in both healthy and tumor tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Shi
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Molecular Cancer Research, the Netherlands
| | - Daan M K van Soest
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Molecular Cancer Research, the Netherlands
| | | | - Boudewijn M T Burgering
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Molecular Cancer Research, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Universiteitsweg, 100 3584, CG, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Tobias B Dansen
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Molecular Cancer Research, the Netherlands.
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28
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Kong X, Yu D, Wang Z, Li S. Relationship between p53 status and the bioeffect of ionizing radiation. Oncol Lett 2021; 22:661. [PMID: 34386083 PMCID: PMC8299044 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is widely used in the clinical treatment of cancer patients and it may be used alone or in combination with surgery or chemotherapy to inhibit tumor development. However, radiotherapy may at times not kill all cancer cells completely, as certain cells may develop radioresistance that counteracts the effects of radiation. The emergence of radioresistance is associated with the genetic background and epigenetic regulation of cells. p53 is an important tumor suppressor gene that is expressed at low levels in cells. However, when cells are subjected to stress-induced stimulation, the expression level of p53 increases, thereby preventing genomic disruption. This mechanism has important roles in maintaining cell stability and inhibiting carcinogenesis. However, mutation and deletion destroy the anticancer function of p53 and may induce carcinogenesis. In tumor radiotherapy, the status of p53 expression in cancer cells has a close relationship with radiotherapeutic efficacy. Therefore, understanding how p53 expression affects the cellular response to radiation is of great significance for solving the problem of radioresistance and improving radiotherapeutic outcomes. For the present review, the literature was searched for studies published between 1979 and 2021 using the PubMed database (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) with the following key words: Wild-type p53, mutant-type p53, long non-coding RNA, microRNA, gene mutation, radioresistance and radiosensitivity. From the relevant studies retrieved, the association between different p53 mutants and cellular radiosensitivity, as well as the molecular mechanisms of p53 affecting the radiosensitivity of cells, were summarized. The aim of the present study was to provide useful information for understanding and resolving radioresistance, to help clinical researchers develop more accurate treatment strategies and to improve radiotherapeutic outcomes for cancer patients with p53 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Kong
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Dehai Yu
- Laboratory of Cancer Precision Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130061, P.R. China
| | - Zhaoyi Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Sijie Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
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29
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Role of Glycated High Mobility Group Box-1 in Gastric Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105185. [PMID: 34068442 PMCID: PMC8153607 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are produced in response to a high-glucose environment and oxidative stress and exacerbate various diseases. Nε-(Carboxymethyl)lysine (CML) is an AGE that is produced by the glycation of lysine residues of proteins. There are a few reports on alterations in protein function due to CML modification; however, its association with cancer is not clear. We investigated the significance of CML modification in high mobility group box protein-1 (HMGB1), a cytokine that is significantly associated with cancer progression. Treatment of the gastric cancer cell lines TMK1 and MKN74 with glyoxal or glucose resulted in increased CML modification compared to untreated cells. CML-HMGB1 was modified via oxidation and more pronouncedly activated the receptor for AGE and downstream AKT and NF-κB compared to naïve HMGB1 and oxidized HMGB1. CML-HMGB1 bound with reduced affinity to DNA and histone H3, resulting in enhanced extranuclear translocation and extracellular secretion. Treatment of gastric cancer cells with CML-HMGB1 enhanced cell proliferation and invasion, sphere formation, and protection from thapsigargin-induced apoptosis, and decreased 5-FU sensitivity in comparison to HMGB1. Further, CML-HMGB1 was detected at various levels in all the 10 gastric cancer tumor specimens. HMGB1 levels correlated with primary tumor progression and distant metastasis, whereas CML-HMGB1 levels were associated with primary tumor progression, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, and stage. In addition, CML-HMGB1 levels correlated with oxidative stress in cancer tissues and resistance to neoadjuvant therapy. Therefore, CML modification of HMGB1 enhanced the cancer-promoting effect of HMGB1. In this study, CML-HMGB1 has been highlighted as a new therapeutic target, and analysis of the molecular structure of CML-HMGB1 is desired in the future.
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30
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Lei G, Zhang Y, Hong T, Zhang X, Liu X, Mao C, Yan Y, Koppula P, Cheng W, Sood AK, Liu J, Gan B. Ferroptosis as a mechanism to mediate p53 function in tumor radiosensitivity. Oncogene 2021; 40:3533-3547. [PMID: 33927351 PMCID: PMC8141034 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01790-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Ferroptosis, a form of regulated cell death triggered by lipid peroxidation, was recently identified as an important mechanism in radiotherapy (RT)-mediated tumor suppression and radioresistance, although the exact genetic contexts in which to target ferroptosis in RT remains to be defined. p53 is the most commonly mutated gene in human cancers and a major effector to RT. Here, we identify ferroptosis as a critical mechanism to mediate p53 function in tumor radiosensitivity. Mechanistically, RT-mediated p53 activation antagonizes RT-induced SLC7A11 expression and represses glutathione synthesis, thereby promoting RT-induced lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis. p53 deficiency promotes radioresistance in cancer cells or tumors at least partly through SLC7A11-mediated ferroptosis inhibition. Ferroptosis inducers (FINs) that inhibit SLC7A11 exert significant radiosensitizing effects in tumor organoids and patient-derived xenografts with p53 mutation or deficiency. Finally, we show that RT-induced ferroptosis correlates with p53 activation and better clinical outcomes to RT in cancer patients. Together, our study uncovers a previously unappreciated role of ferroptosis in p53-mediated radiosensitization and suggest using FINs in combination with RT to treat p53-mutant cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Lei
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yilei Zhang
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ting Hong
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xudong Zhang
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xiaoguang Liu
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Chao Mao
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yuelong Yan
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Pranavi Koppula
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Weijie Cheng
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Anil K Sood
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jinsong Liu
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Boyi Gan
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA.
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Oxidative Stress in Cancer Cell Metabolism. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10050642. [PMID: 33922139 PMCID: PMC8143540 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10050642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are important in regulating normal cellular processes whereas deregulated ROS leads to the development of a diseased state in humans including cancers. Several studies have been found to be marked with increased ROS production which activates pro-tumorigenic signaling, enhances cell survival and proliferation and drives DNA damage and genetic instability. However, higher ROS levels have been found to promote anti-tumorigenic signaling by initiating oxidative stress-induced tumor cell death. Tumor cells develop a mechanism where they adjust to the high ROS by expressing elevated levels of antioxidant proteins to detoxify them while maintaining pro-tumorigenic signaling and resistance to apoptosis. Therefore, ROS manipulation can be a potential target for cancer therapies as cancer cells present an altered redox balance in comparison to their normal counterparts. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of the generation and sources of ROS within tumor cells, ROS-associated signaling pathways, their regulation by antioxidant defense systems, as well as the effect of elevated ROS production in tumor progression. It will provide an insight into how pro- and anti-tumorigenic ROS signaling pathways could be manipulated during the treatment of cancer.
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32
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Li H, Wang J, Huang K, Zhang T, Gao L, Yang S, Yi W, Niu Y, Liu H, Wang Z, Wang G, Tao K, Wang L, Cai K. Nkx2.5 Functions as a Conditional Tumor Suppressor Gene in Colorectal Cancer Cells via Acting as a Transcriptional Coactivator in p53-Mediated p21 Expression. Front Oncol 2021; 11:648045. [PMID: 33869046 PMCID: PMC8047315 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.648045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
NK2 homeobox 5 (Nkx2.5), a homeobox-containing transcription factor, is associated with a spectrum of congenital heart diseases. Recently, Nkx2.5 was also found to be differentially expressed in several kinds of tumors. In colorectal cancer (CRC) tissue and cells, hypermethylation of Nkx2.5 was observed. However, the roles of Nkx2.5 in CRC cells have not been fully elucidated. In the present study, we assessed the relationship between Nkx2.5 and CRC by analyzing the expression pattern of Nkx2.5 in CRC samples and the adjacent normal colonic mucosa (NCM) samples, as well as in CRC cell lines. We found higher expression of Nkx2.5 in CRC compared with NCM samples. CRC cell lines with poorer differentiation also had higher expression of Nkx2.5. Although this expression pattern makes Nkx2.5 seem like an oncogene, in vitro and in vivo tumor suppressive effects of Nkx2.5 were detected in HCT116 cells by establishing Nkx2.5-overexpressed CRC cells. However, Nkx2.5 overexpression was incapacitated in SW480 cells. To further assess the mechanism, different expression levels and mutational status of p53 were observed in HCT116 and SW480 cells. The expression of p21WAF1/CIP1, a downstream antitumor effector of p53, in CRC cells depends on both expression level and mutational status of p53. Overexpressed Nkx2.5 could elevate the expression of p21WAF1/CIP1 only in CRC cells with wild-type p53 (HCT116), rather than in CRC cells with mutated p53 (SW480). Mechanistically, Nkx2.5 could interact with p53 and increase the transcription of p21WAF1/CIP1 without affecting the expression of p53. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that Nkx2.5 could act as a conditional tumor suppressor gene in CRC cells with respect to the mutational status of p53. The tumor suppressive effect of Nkx2.5 could be mediated by its role as a transcriptional coactivator in wild-type p53-mediated p21WAF1/CIP1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huili Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiliang Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kun Huang
- Institution of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lu Gao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Sai Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wangyang Yi
- Department of General Surgery, The Second People's Hospital of Jingmen, Jingmen, China
| | - Yanfeng Niu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongli Liu
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guobin Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kaixiong Tao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kailin Cai
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Gilleran JA, Yu X, Blayney AJ, Bencivenga AF, Na B, Augeri DJ, Blanden AR, Kimball SD, Loh SN, Roberge JY, Carpizo DR. Benzothiazolyl and Benzoxazolyl Hydrazones Function as Zinc Metallochaperones to Reactivate Mutant p53. J Med Chem 2021; 64:2024-2045. [PMID: 33538587 PMCID: PMC9278656 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We identified a set of thiosemicarbazone (TSC) metal ion chelators that reactivate specific zinc-deficient p53 mutants using a mechanism called zinc metallochaperones (ZMCs) that restore zinc binding by shuttling zinc into cells. We defined biophysical and cellular assays necessary for structure-activity relationship studies using this mechanism. We investigated an alternative class of zinc scaffolds that differ from TSCs by substitution of the thiocarbamoyl moiety with benzothiazolyl, benzoxazolyl, and benzimidazolyl hydrazones. Members of this series bound zinc with similar affinity and functioned to reactivate mutant p53 comparable to the TSCs. Acute toxicity and efficacy assays in rodents demonstrated C1 to be significantly less toxic than the TSCs while demonstrating equivalent growth inhibition. We identified C85 as a ZMC with diminished copper binding that functions as a chemotherapy and radiation sensitizer. We conclude that the benzothiazolyl, benzoxazolyl, and benzimidazolyl hydrazones can function as ZMCs to reactivate mutant p53 in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A. Gilleran
- Rutgers Molecular Design and Synthesis, Office of Research and Economic Development, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Xin Yu
- Program of Surgical Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey and Department of Surgery, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States
| | - Alan J. Blayney
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York 13210, United States
| | - Anthony F. Bencivenga
- Rutgers Molecular Design and Synthesis, Office of Research and Economic Development, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Bing Na
- Program of Surgical Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey and Department of Surgery, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States
| | - David J. Augeri
- Rutgers Molecular Design and Synthesis, Office of Research and Economic Development, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Adam R. Blanden
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York 13210, United States
| | - S. David Kimball
- Rutgers Molecular Design and Synthesis, Office of Research and Economic Development, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Stewart N. Loh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York 13210, United States
| | - Jacques Y. Roberge
- Rutgers Molecular Design and Synthesis, Office of Research and Economic Development, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Darren R. Carpizo
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642, United States; Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14642, United States
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Bi-Functional Radiotheranostics of 188Re-Liposome-Fcy-hEGF for Radio- and Chemo-Therapy of EGFR-Overexpressing Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041902. [PMID: 33672989 PMCID: PMC7918434 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) specific therapeutics is of great importance in cancer treatment. Fcy-hEGF fusion protein, composed of yeast cytosine deaminase (Fcy) and human EGF (hEGF), is capable of binding to EGFR and enzymatically convert 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC) to 1000-fold toxic 5-fluorocuracil (5-FU), thereby inhibiting the growth of EGFR-expressing tumor cells. To develop EGFR-specific therapy, 188Re-liposome-Fcy-hEGF was constructed by insertion of Fcy-hEGF fusion protein onto the surface of liposomes encapsulating of 188Re. Western blotting, MALDI-TOF, column size exclusion and flow cytometry were used to confirm the conjugation and bio-activity of 188Re-liposome-Fcy-hEGF. Cell lines with EGFR expression were subjected to treat with 188Re-liposome-Fcy-hEGF/5-FC in the presence of 5-FC. The 188Re-liposome-Fcy-hEGF/5-FC revealed a better cytotoxic effect for cancer cells than the treatment of liposome-Fcy-hEGF/5-FC or 188Re-liposome-Fcy-hEGF alone. The therapeutics has radio- and chemo-toxicity simultaneously and specifically target to EGFR-expression tumor cells, thereby achieving synergistic anticancer activity.
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Wummer B, Woodworth D, Flores C. Brain stem gliomas and current landscape. J Neurooncol 2021; 151:21-28. [PMID: 33398531 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-020-03655-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE CNS malignancies are currently the most common cause of disease related deaths in children. Although brainstem gliomas are invariably fatal cancers in children, clinical studies against this disease are limited. This review is to lead to a succinct collection of knowledge of known biological mechanisms of this disease and discuss available therapeutics. METHODS A hallmark of brainstem gliomas are mutations in the histone H3.3 with the majority of cases expressing the mutation K27M on histone 3.3. Recent studies using whole genome sequencing have revealed other mutations associated with disease. Current standard clinical practice may merely involve radiation and/or chemotherapy with little hope for long term survival. Here we discuss the potential of new therapies. CONCLUSION Despite the lack of treatment options using frequently practiced clinical techniques, immunotherapeutic strategies have recently been developed to target brainstem gliomas. To target brainstem gliomas, investigators are evaluating the use of broad non-targeted therapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors. Alternatively, others have begun to explore adoptive T cell strategies against these fatal malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Wummer
- Lillian S. Wells Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida Health Center, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Delaney Woodworth
- Lillian S. Wells Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida Health Center, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Catherine Flores
- Lillian S. Wells Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida Health Center, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
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Sadiq Z, Varghese E, Büsselberg D. Cisplatin's dual-effect on the circadian clock triggers proliferation and apoptosis. Neurobiol Sleep Circadian Rhythms 2020; 9:100054. [PMID: 33364523 PMCID: PMC7752721 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbscr.2020.100054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The circadian clock, which generates the internal daily rhythm largely mediated through release of melatonin, can be disrupted in various ways. Multiple factors result in a disruption of the circadian cycle in the clinical context, of interest are anti-cancer drugs such as cisplatin. Cisplatin modulates the circadian clock through two mechanisms: 1) the circadian clock control of DNA excision repair and 2) the effect of circadian clock disruption on apoptosis. Cisplatin can stimulate multiple classified molecules, including DNA repair factors, DNA damage recognition factors and transcription factors in drug resistance and cisplatin-induced signal transduction. These factors interact with each other and can be transformed by DNA damage. Hence, these molecular interactions are intimately involved in cell proliferation and damage-induced apoptosis. Cisplatin has a dual-effect on circadian genes: upregulation of CLOCK expression causes an increase in proliferation but upregulation of BMAL1 expression causes an increase in apoptosis. Therefore, the interference of circadian genes by cisplatin can have multiple, opposing effects on apoptosis and cell proliferation, which may have unintended pro-cancer effects. Melatonin and intracellular Ca2+ also have a dual-effect on cell proliferation and apoptosis and can disrupt circadian rhythms. Cisplatin has a dual-effect on components of the circadian clock, increasing or decreasing cell proliferation and apoptosis. DNA excision repair and apoptosis are controlled by circadian rhythms. When cisplatin is combined with other agents, the effects are enhanced. These findings provide clinicians with the prospect to create effective chrono-cisplatin regimens for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuhair Sadiq
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, P.O. Box, 24144, Qatar
| | - Elizabeth Varghese
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, P.O. Box, 24144, Qatar
| | - Dietrich Büsselberg
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, P.O. Box, 24144, Qatar
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Kumar RJ, Chao HX, Simpson DA, Feng W, Cho MG, Roberts VR, Sullivan AR, Shah SJ, Wozny AS, Fagan-Solis K, Kumar S, Luthman A, Ramsden DA, Purvis JE, Gupta GP. Dual inhibition of DNA-PK and DNA polymerase theta overcomes radiation resistance induced by p53 deficiency. NAR Cancer 2020; 2:zcaa038. [PMID: 33385162 PMCID: PMC7751686 DOI: 10.1093/narcan/zcaa038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
TP53 deficiency in cancer is associated with poor patient outcomes and resistance to DNA damaging therapies. However, the mechanisms underlying treatment resistance in p53-deficient cells remain poorly characterized. Using live cell imaging of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) and cell cycle state transitions, we show that p53-deficient cells exhibit accelerated repair of radiomimetic-induced DSBs arising in S phase. Low-dose DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) inhibition increases the S-phase DSB burden in p53-deficient cells, resulting in elevated rates of mitotic catastrophe. However, a subset of p53-deficient cells exhibits intrinsic resistance to radiomimetic-induced DSBs despite DNA-PK inhibition. We show that p53-deficient cells under DNA-PK inhibition utilize DNA polymerase theta (Pol θ)-mediated end joining repair to promote their viability in response to therapy-induced DSBs. Pol θ inhibition selectively increases S-phase DSB burden after radiomimetic therapy and promotes prolonged G2 arrest. Dual inhibition of DNA-PK and Pol θ restores radiation sensitivity in p53-deficient cells as well as in p53-mutant breast cancer cell lines. Thus, combination targeting of DNA-PK- and Pol θ-dependent end joining repair represents a promising strategy for overcoming resistance to DNA damaging therapies in p53-deficient cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi J Kumar
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Hui Xiao Chao
- Curriculum in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Dennis A Simpson
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Wanjuan Feng
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Min-Guk Cho
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Victoria R Roberts
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Aurora R Sullivan
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Sonam J Shah
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Anne-Sophie Wozny
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Katerina Fagan-Solis
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Adam Luthman
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Dale A Ramsden
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jeremy E Purvis
- Curriculum in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Gaorav P Gupta
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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Shi T, Dansen TB. Reactive Oxygen Species Induced p53 Activation: DNA Damage, Redox Signaling, or Both? Antioxid Redox Signal 2020; 33:839-859. [PMID: 32151151 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Significance: The p53 tumor suppressor has been dubbed the "guardian of genome" because of its various roles in the response to DNA damage such as DNA damage repair, cell cycle arrest, senescence, and apoptosis, all of which are in place to prevent mutations from being passed on down the lineage. Recent Advances: Reactive oxygen species (ROS), for instance hydrogen peroxide derived from mitochondrial respiration, have long been regarded mainly as a major source of cellular damage to DNA and other macromolecules. Critical Issues: More recently, ROS have been shown to also play important physiological roles as second messengers in so-called redox signaling. It is, therefore, not clear whether the observed activation of p53 by ROS is mediated through the DNA damage response, redox signaling, or both. In this review, we will discuss the similarities and differences between p53 activation in response to DNA damage and redox signaling in terms of upstream signaling and downstream transcriptional program activation. Future Directions: Understanding whether and how DNA damage and redox signaling-dependent p53 activation can be dissected could be useful to develop anti-cancer therapeutic p53-reactivation strategies that do not depend on the induction of DNA damage and the resulting additional mutational load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Shi
- Molecular Cancer Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Tobias B Dansen
- Molecular Cancer Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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40
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Targeting cyclooxygenase by indomethacin decelerates progression of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in a xenograft model. Blood Adv 2020; 3:3181-3190. [PMID: 31698450 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2019000473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) develops in the bone marrow in the vicinity of stromal cells known to promote tumor development and treatment resistance. We previously showed that the cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor indomethacin prevents the ability of stromal cells to diminish p53-mediated killing of cocultured ALL cells in vitro, possibly by blocking the production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Here, we propose that PGE2 released by bone marrow stromal cells might be a target for improved treatment of pediatric ALL. We used a xenograft model of human primary ALL cells in nonobese diabetic-scid IL2rγnull mice to show that indomethacin delivered in the drinking water delayed the progression of ALL in vivo. The progression was monitored by noninvasive in vivo imaging of the engrafted leukemic cells, as well as by analyses of CD19+CD10+ leukemic blasts present in spleen or bone marrow at the termination of the experiments. The indomethacin treatment increased the level of p53 in the leukemic cells, implying that COX inhibition might reduce progression of ALL by attenuating protective paracrine PGE2 signaling from bone marrow stroma to leukemic cells.
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Saxena K, Konopleva M. An expert overview of emerging therapies for acute myeloid leukemia: novel small molecules targeting apoptosis, p53, transcriptional regulation and metabolism. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2020; 29:973-988. [PMID: 32746655 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2020.1804856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an aggressive malignancy of clonal myeloid precursor cells. Curative therapy has classically involved the use of intensive induction chemotherapy followed by consolidation with additional chemotherapy or allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant. For many patients, such an approach is prohibitive because of high treatment-related toxicities. Advancements in the molecular understanding of AML have led to the introduction of new targeted therapies that are changing the treatment landscape for AML. AREAS COVERED We review emerging small molecule inhibitors that have shown preclinical efficacy for the treatment of AML. The compounds discussed affect apoptosis, p53-mediated interactions, transcriptional regulation, and cellular metabolism. We performed a literature search of PubMed and primarily included relevant sources published from 2000 to the present, though earlier sources are also referenced. EXPERT OPINION Most clinical trials for AML currently employ novel targeted therapies that demonstrate promising activity in preclinical models. We anticipate that new small molecule inhibitors will continue to enter the clinical realm and alter the treatment paradigm for AML. In a field where clinical advancement was comparatively slow for many years, it appears that we are now starting to see the rapid growth borne out of the deepening molecular understanding of AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kapil Saxena
- Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX, USA
| | - Marina Konopleva
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX, USA
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Ji MT, Nie J, Nie XF, Hu WT, Pei HL, Wan JM, Wang AQ, Zhou GM, Zhang ZL, Chang L, Li BY. 1α,25(OH) 2D 3 Radiosensitizes Cancer Cells by Activating the NADPH/ROS Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:945. [PMID: 32848720 PMCID: PMC7426479 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The radioresistance of tumors affect the outcome of radiotherapy. Accumulating data suggest that 1α,25(OH)2D3 is a potential anti-oncogenic molecule in various cancers. In the present study, we investigated the radiosensitive effects and underlying mechanisms of 1α,25(OH)2D3 in vitro and in vivo. We found that 1α,25(OH)2D3 enhanced the radiosensitivity of lung cancer and ovarian cancer cells by promoting the NADPH oxidase-ROS-apoptosis axis. Compared to the group that only received radiation, the survival fraction and self-renewal capacity of cancer cells treated with a combination of 1α,25(OH)2D3 and radiation were decreased. Both apoptosis and ROS were significantly increased in the combination group compared with the radiation only group. Moreover, N-acetyl-L-cysteine, a scavenger of intracellular ROS, reversed the apoptosis and ROS induced by 1α,25(OH)2D3, indicating that 1α,25(OH)2D3 enhanced the radiosensitivity of cancer cells in vitro by promoting ROS-induced apoptosis. Moreover, our results demonstrated that 1α,25(OH)2D3 promoted the ROS level via activating NADPH oxidase complexes, NOX4, p22phox, and p47phox. In addition, knockdown of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) abolished the radiosensitization of 1α,25(OH)2D3, which confirmed that 1α,25(OH)2D3 radiosensitized tumor cells that depend on VDR. Similarly, our study also evidenced that vitamin D3 enhanced the radiosensitivity of cancer cells in vivo and extended the overall survival of mice with tumors. In summary, these results demonstrate that 1α,25(OH)2D3 enhances the radiosensitivity depending on VDR and activates the NADPH oxidase-ROS-apoptosis axis. Our findings suggest that 1α,25(OH)2D3 in combination with radiation enhances lung and ovarian cell radiosensitivity, potentially providing a novel combination therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Tao Ji
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Soochow University of Public Health, Suzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jing Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xue-Fei Nie
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Soochow University of Public Health, Suzhou, China
| | - Wen-Tao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hai-Long Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jian-Mei Wan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Soochow University of Public Health, Suzhou, China
| | - Ai-Qing Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Soochow University of Public Health, Suzhou, China
| | - Guang-Ming Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zeng-Li Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Soochow University of Public Health, Suzhou, China
| | - Lei Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Bing-Yan Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Soochow University of Public Health, Suzhou, China
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Shen CC, Cheng WY, Lee CH, Dai XJ, Chiao MT, Liang YJ, Hsieh WY, Mao TF, Lin GS, Chen SR, Liu BS, Chen JP. Both p53 codon 72 Arg/Arg and pro/Arg genotypes in glioblastoma multiforme are associated with a better prognosis in bevacizumab treatment. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:709. [PMID: 32727419 PMCID: PMC7391574 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-07210-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has previously been shown that bevacizumab, when added to chemotherapy, improved overall survival in several cancers. In glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), bevacizumab increased progression-free survival and it is widely used for tumor recurrence, though it has failed to improve overall survival (OS) in controlled trials. However, an effective biomarker for predicting the prognosis of bevacizumab treatment has yet to be identified. This study, therefore, aimed to retrospectively analyze the polymorphisms of p53 codon 72 and the clinical characteristics of GBM specimens from Taiwanese patients. METHODS The polymorphisms of p53 codon 72 in 99 patients with GBM treated at Taichung Veterans General Hospital in Taiwan from 2007 to 2017 were analyzed using direct DNA sequencing and PCR-RFLP analysis. RESULTS We found that among these GBM patients, the distribution of codon 72 polymorphisms was 28.3% for proline homozygotes (Pro/Pro), 38.4% for arginine homozygotes (Arg/Arg), and 33.3% for proline/arginine heterozygotes (Pro/Arg). Although the polymorphisms of p53 codon 72 were not directly associated with the overall survival of GBM, both the Arg/Arg and Arg/Pro genotypes were associated with significant benefits in terms of overall survival in patients treated with CCRT plus bevacizumab compared to patients treated with CCRT alone. CONCLUSIONS This pilot study suggests that both the Arg/Arg and Arg/Pro genotypes of p53 codon 72 polymorphism may have value as independent prognostic or predictive parameters for bevacizumab treatment response and failure. Relatedly, the results of the study further demonstrate the utility of stratifying GBM patients according to bevacizumab sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiung-Chyi Shen
- Neurological Institute Head of Department of Neurosurgery Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan. .,Department of Physical Therapy, Hung Kuang University, No. 1650, Taiwan Boulevard Sec. 4 Taichung 407, Taichung, 43302, Taiwan. .,Department of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Department of Game and Product Design, Chienkuo Technology University, Changhua city, Taiwan. .,Basic Medical Education, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Wen-Yu Cheng
- Neurological Institute Head of Department of Neurosurgery Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Physical Therapy, Hung Kuang University, No. 1650, Taiwan Boulevard Sec. 4 Taichung 407, Taichung, 43302, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Hsin Lee
- Neurological Institute Head of Department of Neurosurgery Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Taichung city, Taiwan
| | - Xue-Jun Dai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhangzhou Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Zhangzhou city, China
| | - Ming-Tsang Chiao
- Neurological Institute Head of Department of Neurosurgery Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yea-Jiuen Liang
- Neurological Institute Head of Department of Neurosurgery Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Yu Hsieh
- Neurological Institute Head of Department of Neurosurgery Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tsuo-Fei Mao
- Department of Game and Product Design, Chienkuo Technology University, Changhua city, Taiwan
| | - Guo-Shi Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhangzhou Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Zhangzhou city, China
| | - Shou-Ren Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhangzhou Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Zhangzhou city, China
| | - Bai-Shuan Liu
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jun-Peng Chen
- Biostatistics Task Force, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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Thapa B, Kc R, Uludağ H. TRAIL therapy and prospective developments for cancer treatment. J Control Release 2020; 326:335-349. [PMID: 32682900 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand (TRAIL), an immune cytokine of TNF-family, has received much attention in late 1990s as a potential cancer therapeutics due to its selective ability to induce apoptosis in cancer cells. TRAIL binds to cell surface death receptors, TRAIL-R1 (DR4) and TRAIL-R2 (DR5) and facilitates formation of death-inducing signaling complex (DISC), eventually activating the p53-independent apoptotic cascade. This unique mechanism makes the TRAIL a potential anticancer therapeutic especially for p53-mutated tumors. However, recombinant human TRAIL protein (rhTRAIL) and TRAIL-R agonist monoclonal antibodies (mAb) failed to exert robust anticancer activities due to inherent and/or acquired resistance, poor pharmacokinetics and weak potencies for apoptosis induction. To get TRAIL back on track as a cancer therapeutic, multiple strategies including protein modification, combinatorial approach and TRAIL gene therapy are being extensively explored. These strategies aim to enhance the half-life and bioavailability of TRAIL and synergize with TRAIL action ultimately sensitizing the resistant and non-responsive cells. We summarize emerging strategies for enhanced TRAIL therapy in this review and cover a wide range of recent technologies that will provide impetus to rejuvenate the TRAIL therapeutics in the clinical realm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bindu Thapa
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
| | - Remant Kc
- Department of Chemical & Material Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
| | - Hasan Uludağ
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada; Department of Chemical & Material Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
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45
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Jaiswal SK, Oh JJ, DePamphilis ML. Cell cycle arrest and apoptosis are not dependent on p53 prior to p53-dependent embryonic stem cell differentiation. Stem Cells 2020; 38:1091-1106. [PMID: 32478947 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Previous efforts to determine whether or not the transcription factor and tumor suppressor protein p53 is required for DNA damage-induced apoptosis in pluripotent embryonic stem cells (ESCs) produced contradictory conclusions. To resolve this issue, p53+/+ and p53-/- ESCs derived by two different methods were used to quantify time-dependent changes in nuclear DNA content; annexin-V binding; cell permeabilization; and protein expression, modification, and localization. The results revealed that doxorubicin (Adriamycin [ADR]) concentrations 10 to 40 times less than commonly used in previous studies induced the DNA damage-dependent G2-checkpoint and completed apoptosis within the same time frame, regardless of the presence or absence of p53, p21, and PUMA. Increased ADR concentrations delayed initiation of apoptosis in p53-/- ESCs, but the rates of apoptosis remained equivalent. Similar results were obtained by inducing apoptosis with either staurosporine inhibition of kinase activities or WX8 disruption of lysosome homeostasis. Differentiation of ESCs by LIF deprivation revealed p53-dependent formation of haploid cells, increased genomic stability, and suppression of the G2-checkpoint. Minimal induction of DNA damage now resulted in p53-facilitated apoptosis, but regulation of pluripotent gene expression remained p53-independent. Primary embryonic fibroblasts underwent p53-dependent total cell cycle arrest (a prelude to cell senescence), and p53-independent apoptosis occurred in the presence of 10-fold higher levels of ADR, consistent with previous studies. Taken together, these results reveal that the multiple roles of p53 in cell cycle regulation and apoptosis are first acquired during pluripotent stem cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushil K Jaiswal
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - John J Oh
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Melvin L DePamphilis
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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47
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Kang DY, Sp N, Jo ES, Rugamba A, Hong DY, Lee HG, Yoo JS, Liu Q, Jang KJ, Yang YM. The Inhibitory Mechanisms of Tumor PD-L1 Expression by Natural Bioactive Gallic Acid in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E727. [PMID: 32204508 PMCID: PMC7140102 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12030727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common lung cancer subtype and accounts for more than 80% of all lung cancer cases. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) phosphorylation by binding growth factors such as EGF activates downstream prooncogenic signaling pathways including KRAS-ERK, JAK-STAT, and PI3K-AKT. These pathways promote the tumor progression of NSCLC by inducing uncontrolled cell cycle, proliferation, migration, and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression. New cytotoxic drugs have facilitated considerable progress in NSCLC treatment, but side effects are still a significant cause of mortality. Gallic acid (3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid; GA) is a phenolic natural compound, isolated from plant derivatives, that has been reported to show anticancer effects. We demonstrated the tumor-suppressive effect of GA, which induced the decrease of PD-L1 expression through binding to EGFR in NSCLC. This binding inhibited the phosphorylation of EGFR, subsequently inducing the inhibition of PI3K and AKT phosphorylation, which triggered the activation of p53. The p53-dependent upregulation of miR-34a induced PD-L1 downregulation. Further, we revealed the combination effect of GA and anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody in an NSCLC-cell and peripheral blood mononuclear-cell coculture system. We propose a novel therapeutic application of GA for immunotherapy and chemotherapy in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Young Kang
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (D.Y.K.); (N.S.); (E.S.J.); (A.R.)
| | - Nipin Sp
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (D.Y.K.); (N.S.); (E.S.J.); (A.R.)
| | - Eun Seong Jo
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (D.Y.K.); (N.S.); (E.S.J.); (A.R.)
| | - Alexis Rugamba
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (D.Y.K.); (N.S.); (E.S.J.); (A.R.)
| | - Dae Young Hong
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea;
| | - Hong Ghi Lee
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul 05029, Korea;
| | - Ji-Seung Yoo
- Department of Immunology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-0808, Japan;
| | - Qing Liu
- Jilin Green Food Engineering Research Institute, Changchun 130000, Jilin, China;
| | - Kyoung-Jin Jang
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (D.Y.K.); (N.S.); (E.S.J.); (A.R.)
| | - Young Mok Yang
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (D.Y.K.); (N.S.); (E.S.J.); (A.R.)
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Overexpression of TP53 protein is associated with the lack of adjuvant chemotherapy benefit in patients with stage III colorectal cancer. Mod Pathol 2020; 33:483-495. [PMID: 31471586 DOI: 10.1038/s41379-019-0353-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
TP53 mutations drive colorectal cancer development, with missense mutations frequently leading to accumulation of abnormal TP53 protein. TP53 alterations have been associated with poor prognosis and chemotherapy resistance, but data remain controversial. Here, we examined the predictive utility of TP53 overexpression in the context of current adjuvant treatment practice for patients with stage III colorectal cancer. A prospective cohort of 264 stage III patients was tested for association of TP53 expression with 5-year disease-free survival, grouped by adjuvant treatment. Findings were validated in an independent retrospective cohort of 274 stage III patients. Overexpression of TP53 protein (TP53+) was found in 53% and 52% of cases from the prospective and retrospective cohorts, respectively. Among patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy, TP53+ status was associated with shorter disease-free survival (p ≤ 0.026 for both cohorts), while no difference in outcomes between TP53+ and TP53- cases was observed for patients treated with surgery alone. Considering patients with TP53- tumors, those receiving adjuvant treatment had better outcomes compared with those treated with surgery alone (p ≤ 0.018 for both cohorts), while no treatment benefit was apparent for patients with TP53+ tumors. Combined cohort-stratified analysis adjusted for clinicopathological variables and DNA mismatch repair status confirmed a significant interaction between TP53 expression and adjuvant treatment for disease-free survival (pinteraction = 0.030). For the combined cohort, the multivariate hazard ratio for TP53 overexpression among patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy was 2.03 (95% confidence interval 1.41-2.95, p < 0.001), while the hazard ratio for adjuvant treatment among patients with TP53- tumors was 0.42 (95% confidence interval 0.24-0.71, p = 0.001). Findings were maintained irrespective of tumor location or when restricted to mismatch repair-proficient tumors. Our data suggest that adjuvant chemotherapy benefit in stage III colorectal cancer is restricted to cases with low-level TP53 protein expression. Identifying TP53+ tumors could highlight patients that may benefit from more aggressive treatment or follow-up.
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Aouiche C, Chen B, Shang X. Predicting Stage-Specific Recurrent Aberrations From Somatic Copy Number Dataset. Front Genet 2020; 11:160. [PMID: 32174978 PMCID: PMC7054343 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Exploring the evolution process of cancers and its related complex molecular mechanisms at the genomic level through pathological staging angle is particularly important for providing novel therapeutic strategies most relevant to every cancer patient diagnosed at each stage. This is because the genomic level involving copy number variation (CNV) has been recognized as a critical genetic variation, which has a large influence on the progression of a variety of complex diseases. Great efforts have been devoted to the identification of recurrent aberrations, single genes and individual static pathways related to cancer progression. However, we still have little knowledge about the most important aberrant genes related to the pathology stages and their interconnected pathways from genomic profiles. In this study, we propose an identification framework that allows determining cancer-stages specific patterns dynamically. Firstly, a two-stage GAIA method is employed to identify stage-specific aberrant copy number variants segments. Secondly, stage-specific cancer genes fully located within the aberrant segments are then identified according to the reference annotation dataset. Thirdly, a pathway evolution network is constructed based on the impacted pathways functions and their overlapped genes. The involved significant functions and evolution paths uncovered by this network enabled investigation of the real progression of cancers, and thus facilitated the determination of appropriate clinical settings that will help to assess risk in cancer patients. Those findings at individual levels can be integrated to identify robust biomarkers in cancer progressions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaima Aouiche
- School of Computer Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Bolin Chen
- School of Computer Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Big Data Storage and Management, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China.,Centre for Multidisciplinary Convergence Computing, School of Computer Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xuequn Shang
- School of Computer Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Big Data Storage and Management, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
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Daitoku N, Miyamoto Y, Sakamoto Y, Tokunaga R, Hiyoshi Y, Nagai Y, Iwatsuki M, Iwagami S, Yoshida N, Baba H. Prognostic significance of serum p53 antibody according to KRAS status in metastatic colorectal cancer patients. Int J Clin Oncol 2019; 25:651-659. [PMID: 31834556 DOI: 10.1007/s10147-019-01599-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serum anti-p53 antibody is used clinically as a tumor marker of colorectal cancer. However, its prognostic significance in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) remains unclear. KRAS status may influence the host immune response against tumor progression. In the present study, we investigated the prognostic significance of serum anti-p53 in mCRC patients with wild-type KRAS and mutant KRAS treated with systemic chemotherapy. METHODS A retrospective study of 150 mCRC patients in whom serum anti-p53 antibody was measured before first-line chemotherapy was conducted. The patients were divided into two groups, high p53 and low p53, based on their serum anti-p53 antibody levels. Associations between serum anti-p53 level and clinical outcomes were evaluated in conjunction with KRAS status. RESULTS There were 97 (64.7%) patients with wild-type KRAS and 53 (35.3%) with mutant KRAS. In an analysis of all patients, there was no significant difference in overall survival (OS) between the high p53 and low p53 groups. In patients with mutant KRAS, those in the high p53 group exhibited significantly longer OS than those in the low p53 group (p = 0.017, log-rank test). In the multivariate analysis, serum p53 antibody level was an independent predictor of OS in mCRC patients (high vs. normal; hazard ratio 0.438, 95% confidence interval 0.178-0.974, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Serum anti-p53 antibody level may be an independent predictor of OS in mCRC patients with KRAS mutant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuya Daitoku
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Yuji Miyamoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Yuki Sakamoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Ryuma Tokunaga
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Yukiharu Hiyoshi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Yohei Nagai
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Masaaki Iwatsuki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Shiro Iwagami
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Naoya Yoshida
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Hideo Baba
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan.
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