1
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Yulisti M, Hidayat AS, Firdausy CM, Mu'awanah U, Kurniasari N, Nurjati E. Effects of eco-friendly fishing gears on fishermen's welfare and sustainable fisheries: Lessons learned from Indonesia. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 198:115888. [PMID: 38101063 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
The eco-friendly fishing gears (EFFGs) have been widely suggested as fishing gears for sustainable blue economy development. This study aims to examine the effects of the utilization of the EFFGs of blue swimming crab (BSC) on fishermen's welfare and sustainable fisheries by taking Indonesia as a case study. The number of fishermen randomly sampled was 647. The method used to analyze the data was the Endogenous Switching Regression model. The results showed that factors that have significant positive effects on fishermen's decision to adopt the EFFGs are the membership of fishermen in fisheries groups, credit access to financial sources, decision synchronization, financial capability, and fishers' perception of environmental uncertainty. Meanwhile, the complexity of fishing gears and buyer pressure have significant negative effects on fishermen's decisions to adopt EFFGs. The results also confirmed that the welfare of BSC's fishermen is better off and received positive benefits for the preservation and regeneration of resources by using the EFFGs compared to the non-EFFGs. Therefore, the application of the EFFGs for BSC fisheries supports the sustainable blue economy development goals and needs to be recommended for other coastal areas in developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maharani Yulisti
- Research Center for Marine and Fisheries Socio-Economics, Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries, Indonesia
| | - Agus Syarip Hidayat
- Research Center for Industrial Economy, Trade, and Services, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Indonesia.
| | - Carunia Mulya Firdausy
- Research Center for Industrial Economy, Trade, and Services, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Indonesia; Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Tarumanagara, Indonesia.
| | - Ummi Mu'awanah
- Research Center for Industrial Economy, Trade, and Services, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Indonesia.
| | - Nendah Kurniasari
- Research Center for Marine and Fisheries Socio-Economics, Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries, Indonesia
| | - Eka Nurjati
- Research Center for Behavioral Economics and Circular, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Indonesia.
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2
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Liu H, Peng D, Yang HJ, Mu Y, Zhu Y. Exploring the evolution of sustainable fisheries development: Focusing on ecological, environmental and management issues. ECOL INFORM 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoinf.2023.102004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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3
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Comparison of the Gill Microbiome of Retail Oysters from Two Geographical Locations Exhibited Distinct Microbial Signatures: A Pilot Study for Potential Future Applications for Monitoring Authenticity of Their Origins. Appl Microbiol 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/applmicrobiol3010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The oyster industry is a significant component of United States aquaculture and is vulnerable to various food frauds. In addition to species substitution, mislabeling of oyster geographical origin is performed for economic gains. The geographical origin misrepresentations are performed to claim a famed region of origin known for its unique flavor profile. DNA barcoding is the gold standard method for identifying seafood species but has limited resolution to the species level. This pilot study was conducted to characterize and compare the oyster gill microbiome as an alternative approach for tracking oysters’ origin. Commercially available raw east coast oysters (Crassostrea virginica) from two distinct geographical locations were purchased. Genomic DNA isolated from the gills was processed for microbiome analysis. The data revealed distinct microbiome signatures among the two sample sets. Oysters from Louisiana showed the presence of eighteen unique bacterial genera, whereas Maryland oysters showed a higher abundance of twelve genera. Findings from this study demonstrate the applicability of microbiome analysis as an emerging alternative approach for identifying geographical origin misrepresentations.
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4
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Ota Y, Singh GG, Clark T, Schutter MS, Swartz W, Cisneros-Montemayor AM. Finding logic models for sustainable marine development that deliver on social equity. PLoS Biol 2022; 20:e3001841. [PMID: 36251652 PMCID: PMC9576085 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Sustainable development is often represented as contributing to desirable outcomes across economic, environmental, and social goals, yet policies and interventions attempting to deliver sustainable development often disagree on the order in which these categories of goals should be addressed. In this Essay, we identify and review 5 approaches (called logic models) for sustainable development in ocean systems based on existing policies and interventions and consider the evidence for their contributions to equity—the ultimate goal of sustainable development according to the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Two of the 5 logic models prioritize economic growth and lead to social and environmental benefits, 2 prioritize environmental health as a prerequisite for sustainable economic and social benefits, and the final logic model is community driven and prioritizes social dimensions. Looking towards the 2030 maturation of the SDGs, we will need to understand what models are best suited to deliver on equity gains and prevent future inequities in development and how best to operationalize them. Pursuing sustainable ocean development is not controversial, but the approaches towards it often are. This Essay provides an initial assessment of competing models to achieve sustainable development, and their ability to deliver on the promise of “leaving no one behind”.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitaka Ota
- Ocean Nexus, School of Marine and Environmental Affairs, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Gerald G. Singh
- Ocean Nexus, School of Environmental Studies, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Timothy Clark
- Ocean Nexus, Department of Sociology, Catawba College, Salisbury, North Carolina, United States of America
| | | | - Wilf Swartz
- Ocean Nexus, Marine Affairs Program, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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5
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Hicks CC, Gephart JA, Koehn JZ, Nakayama S, Payne HJ, Allison EH, Belhbib D, Cao L, Cohen PJ, Fanzo J, Fluet-Chouinard E, Gelcich S, Golden CD, Gorospe KD, Isaacs M, Kuempel CD, Lee KN, MacNeil MA, Maire E, Njuki J, Rao N, Sumaila UR, Selig ER, Thilsted SH, Wabnitz CCC, Naylor RL. Rights and representation support justice across aquatic food systems. NATURE FOOD 2022; 3:851-861. [PMID: 37117898 DOI: 10.1038/s43016-022-00618-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Injustices are prevalent in food systems, where the accumulation of vast wealth is possible for a few, yet one in ten people remain hungry. Here, for 194 countries we combine aquatic food production, distribution and consumption data with corresponding national policy documents and, drawing on theories of social justice, explore whether barriers to participation explain unequal distributions of benefits. Using Bayesian models, we find economic and political barriers are associated with lower wealth-based benefits; countries produce and consume less when wealth, formal education and voice and accountability are lacking. In contrast, social barriers are associated with lower welfare-based benefits; aquatic foods are less affordable where gender inequality is greater. Our analyses of policy documents reveal a frequent failure to address political and gender-based barriers. However, policies linked to more just food system outcomes centre principles of human rights, specify inclusive decision-making processes and identify and challenge drivers of injustice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jessica A Gephart
- Department of Environmental Science, American University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - J Zachary Koehn
- Stanford Center for Ocean Solutions, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Hanna J Payne
- Stanford Center for Ocean Solutions, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Dyhia Belhbib
- Ecotrust Canada, Vancouver, British Colombia, Canada
| | - Ling Cao
- School of Oceanography, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Philippa J Cohen
- WorldFish, Batu Maung, Penang, Malaysia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Jessica Fanzo
- Berman Institute of Bioethics and Nitze School of Advanced International Studies, Johns Hopkins University, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Stefan Gelcich
- Instituto Milenio en Socio-ecologia Costera (SECOS), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Center of Applied Ecology and Sustainability, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Christopher D Golden
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kelvin D Gorospe
- Department of Environmental Science, American University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Moenieba Isaacs
- Institute for Poverty, Land and Agrarian Studies (PLAAS), University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Caitlin D Kuempel
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kai N Lee
- Stanford Center for Ocean Solutions, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - M Aaron MacNeil
- Ocean Frontier Institute, Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Eva Maire
- Department of Environmental Science, American University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Jemimah Njuki
- International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, DC, USA
- UN Women, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nitya Rao
- School of International Development, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - U Rashid Sumaila
- Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Colombia, Canada
- School of Public Policy and Global Affairs, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Colombia, Canada
- LESTARI, National University of Malaysia (International Distinguished Professor), Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Elizabeth R Selig
- Stanford Center for Ocean Solutions, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Colette C C Wabnitz
- Stanford Center for Ocean Solutions, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Colombia, Canada
| | - Rosamond L Naylor
- Department of Global Environmental Policy and Center on Food Security and the Environment, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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6
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Schiller L, Bailey M, Bodwitch H, Sinan H, Auld G. Evaluating the roles and reach of philanthropic foundations in sustainability efforts for tuna. CONSERVATION SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/csp2.12751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Laurenne Schiller
- School of Public Policy and Administration Carleton University Ottawa Canada
- Department of Biology Carleton University Ottawa Canada
| | - Megan Bailey
- Marine Affairs Program Dalhousie University Halifax Canada
- Nippon Foundation Ocean Nexus Center, EarthLab University of Washington Seattle Washington USA
| | - Hekia Bodwitch
- Marine Affairs Program Dalhousie University Halifax Canada
- Nippon Foundation Ocean Nexus Center, EarthLab University of Washington Seattle Washington USA
| | - Hussain Sinan
- Marine Affairs Program Dalhousie University Halifax Canada
- Nippon Foundation Ocean Nexus Center, EarthLab University of Washington Seattle Washington USA
| | - Graeme Auld
- School of Public Policy and Administration Carleton University Ottawa Canada
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7
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Belhabib D, Le Billon P. Fish crimes in the global oceans. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabj1927. [PMID: 35319979 PMCID: PMC8942372 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abj1927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study provides a global assessment of the linkages between observed fisheries-related offenses across the world's oceans between 2000 and 2020. We analyze data from the largest existing repository with 6853 events reporting offenses across 18 fishing-related categories, including illegal fishing, human rights abuses, and smuggling. We find that at least 33% of all recorded offenses are associated with 450 industrial vessels and 20 companies originating from China, the EU, and tax haven jurisdictions. We observe links between various types of offenses for 779 vessels, with such "transversal criminality" involving 2000 offenses and crimes globally. This study demonstrates the ability to identify offenders and patterns of behaviors threatening fisheries sustainability at a global level and countries most vulnerable to transversal criminality. In light of concerns for widespread underreporting and impunity, we call for greater information sharing, interagency cooperation, and stringent enforcement to bring to account major offenders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dyhia Belhabib
- Ecotrust Canada, 312 Main St., Vancouver, BC V6A 2T2, Canada
- Nautical Crime Investigation Services, 777, Queens Rd. West, North Vancouver, BC V7N2L4, Canada
| | - Philippe Le Billon
- Department of Geography, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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8
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Asche F, Yang B, Gephart JA, Smith MD, Anderson JL, Camp EV, Garlock TM, Love DC, Oglend A, Straume HM. China's seafood imports-Not for domestic consumption? Science 2022; 375:386-388. [PMID: 35084951 DOI: 10.1126/science.abl4756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Asche
- School of Forest, Fisheries, and Geomatics Sciences and Food Systems Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Department of Safety, Economics and Planning, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Bixuan Yang
- Food and Resource Economics Department and Food Systems Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jessica A Gephart
- Department of Environmental Science, American University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Martin D Smith
- Nicholas School of the Environment and Department of Economics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - James L Anderson
- Food and Resource Economics Department and Food Systems Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Edward V Camp
- School of Forest, Fisheries, and Geomatics Sciences and Food Systems Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Taryn M Garlock
- School of Forest, Fisheries, and Geomatics Sciences and Food Systems Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - David C Love
- Johns Hopkins Center for a Livable Future and Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Atle Oglend
- Department of Safety, Economics and Planning, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
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9
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Longo CS, Buckley L, Good SD, Gorham TM, Koerner L, Lees S, Liow SY, Oloruntuyi O, Schley D, Rice J, Currey RJC. A Perspective on the Role of Eco-Certification in Eliminating Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated Fishing. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.637228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing activities threaten marine biodiversity, livelihoods, food security, and human rights across the globe. Often occurring in waters that are difficult to control, and across multi-sector, transboundary, value chains that are hard to regulate, such a complex and heterogeneous problem requires multiple strategies beyond sovereign nations’ legislation alone. Here we explore the mechanisms through which eco-certification, by fostering private-public and cross-jurisdiction cooperation, can incentivize fishers to adopt best practices in harvesting and ecosystem impacts mitigation, increase the transparency of fishery operations and accountability to suppliers. The Marine Stewardship Council (MSC) sets globally recognized standards for fisheries sustainability and supply chain assurance, based on the FAO Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries. Building on the MSC experience of over 400 certified fisheries representing 18% of global wild marine catch, we analyze examples and available information on the changes achieved by the seafood industry through engagement with the program, with particular focus on the elimination or reduction of illegal, unreported or unregulated fishing practices. We propose here that different, interlinked mechanisms come into play: the Standards provide best practice guidelines for improved catch documentation, monitoring, control and surveillance (MCS), and strengthening regulations. These lead to change either through (1) direct improvements required for fisheries to achieve the certificate (e.g., in Fishery Improvement Projects) or, (2) once certified, to maintain the certificate, or (3) as an emergent effect of the engagement process itself, requiring stakeholder cooperation and transparent information-sharing leading to a greater culture of compliance, and (4), as an effect of strengthening chain of custody documentation and standardizing it across jurisdictions. We also discuss limitations, such as the capacity for fisheries in low-income regions to embark on the management and social reform required, and evolving challenges in seafood sustainability, such as ethical concerns for forced and child labor and shark finning. While not the single silver bullet against such a complex problem, we argue that certification is an important tool in addressing IUU fishing.
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10
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Kittinger JN, Bernard M, Finkbeiner E, Murphy E, Obregon P, Klinger DH, Schoon ML, Dooley KJ, Gerber LR. Applying a jurisdictional approach to support sustainable seafood. CONSERVATION SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/csp2.386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- John N. Kittinger
- Conservation International Center for Oceans Honolulu Hawaii USA
- Global Futures Laboratory & School of Sustainability Arizona State University Tempe Arizona USA
- Conservation International Betty and Gordon Moore Center for Science Arlington Virginia USA
| | - Miranda Bernard
- School of Life Sciences, Life Sciences Center Arizona State University Tempe Arizona USA
| | - Elena Finkbeiner
- Conservation International Center for Oceans Honolulu Hawaii USA
| | - Erin Murphy
- School of Life Sciences, Life Sciences Center Arizona State University Tempe Arizona USA
| | - Pablo Obregon
- Conservation International Center for Oceans Honolulu Hawaii USA
| | - Dane H. Klinger
- Conservation International Center for Oceans Honolulu Hawaii USA
- Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health Harvard University Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Michael L. Schoon
- Global Futures Laboratory & School of Sustainability Arizona State University Tempe Arizona USA
- School of Sustainability Arizona State University Tempe Arizona USA
| | - Kevin J. Dooley
- The Sustainability Consortium Julie Ann Wrigley Global Institute of Sustainability, Arizona State University Scottsdale Arizona USA
| | - Leah R. Gerber
- School of Life Sciences, Life Sciences Center Arizona State University Tempe Arizona USA
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11
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Shannon L, Waller L. A Cursory Look at the Fishmeal/Oil Industry From an Ecosystem Perspective. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.645023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
By supporting the fishmeal industry, are we competing with marine predators? Should we be taking away food from marine predators to subsidize agriculture? If not for human consumption, should forage fish be left in the sea for predators? Are there more sustainable alternatives to fishmeal; can the fishing industry be part of developing these? These are all pressing questions being posed by marine scientists, particularly in the light of the increasing aquaculture industry and associated increasing demand in recent decades for fishmeal and oil to sustain cultured fish. We concisely summarize the global context of marine sourced fishmeal and then use the South African marine ecosystem as a working example. This article draws on research into the trophic role of forage fish in marine ecosystems and ponders whether a reduced demand for fishmeal, given increasing global pressures such as climate change, could benefit marine ecosystems, fisheries on predatory species, and vulnerable marine predators.
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12
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Love DC, Allison EH, Asche F, Belton B, Cottrell RS, Froehlich HE, Gephart JA, Hicks CC, Little DC, Nussbaumer EM, Pinto da Silva P, Poulain F, Rubio A, Stoll JS, Tlusty MF, Thorne-Lyman AL, Troell M, Zhang W. Emerging COVID-19 impacts, responses, and lessons for building resilience in the seafood system. GLOBAL FOOD SECURITY 2021; 28:100494. [PMID: 34513582 PMCID: PMC8417121 DOI: 10.1016/j.gfs.2021.100494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent lockdowns are creating health and economic crises that threaten food and nutrition security. The seafood sector provides important sources of nutrition and employment, especially in low-income countries, and is highly globalized allowing shocks to propagate. We studied COVID-19-related disruptions, impacts, and responses to the seafood sector from January through May 2020, using a food system resilience 'action cycle' framework as a guide. We find that some supply chains, market segments, companies, small-scale actors and civil society have shown initial signs of greater resilience than others. COVID-19 has also highlighted the vulnerability of certain groups working in- or dependent on the seafood sector. We discuss early coping and adaptive responses combined with lessons from past shocks that could be considered when building resilience in the sector. We end with strategic research needs to support learning from COVID-19 impacts and responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Love
- Center for a Livable Future, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21202, USA
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | | | - Frank Asche
- Food Systems Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611-057, USA
- Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611-057, USA
- Department of Safety, Economics and Planning, University of Stavanger, 4036, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Ben Belton
- WorldFish, Bayan Lepas, Pulau Pinang, 11960, Malaysia
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Resource Economics, Michigan State University, MI, USA
| | - Richard S Cottrell
- National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93101, USA
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Halley E Froehlich
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
- Environmental Studies, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Jessica A Gephart
- Department of Environmental Science, American University, Washington DC, 20016, USA
| | - Christina C Hicks
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA14YW, UK
| | - David C Little
- Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK94LA, Scotland, UK
| | - Elizabeth M Nussbaumer
- Center for a Livable Future, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21202, USA
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Patricia Pinto da Silva
- NOAA Fisheries, Northeast Fisheries Science Center, 166 Water Street, Woods Hole, MA, 02543, USA
| | - Florence Poulain
- Fisheries and Aquaculture Officer, Fisheries and Aquaculture Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Joshua S Stoll
- School of Marine Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME, 04469, USA
| | - Michael F Tlusty
- School for the Environment, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, 02125, USA
| | - Andrew L Thorne-Lyman
- Center for a Livable Future, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21202, USA
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Center for Human Nutrition, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Max Troell
- Beijer Institute of Ecological Economics, The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, 104 05, Stockholm, Sweden
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Wenbo Zhang
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
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13
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Abstract
Forced labor in fisheries is increasingly recognized as a human rights crisis. Until recently, its extent was poorly understood and no tools existed for systematically detecting forced labor risk on individual fishing vessels on a global scale. Here we use satellite data and machine learning to identify these high-risk vessels and find widespread risk of forced labor in the world’s fishing fleet. This information provides new opportunities for unique market, enforcement, and policy interventions. This also provides a proof of concept for how remotely sensed dynamic individual behavior can be used to infer forced labor abuses. While forced labor in the world’s fishing fleet has been widely documented, its extent remains unknown. No methods previously existed for remotely identifying individual fishing vessels potentially engaged in these abuses on a global scale. By combining expertise from human rights practitioners and satellite vessel monitoring data, we show that vessels reported to use forced labor behave in systematically different ways from other vessels. We exploit this insight by using machine learning to identify high-risk vessels from among 16,000 industrial longliner, squid jigger, and trawler fishing vessels. Our model reveals that between 14% and 26% of vessels were high-risk, and also reveals patterns of where these vessels fished and which ports they visited. Between 57,000 and 100,000 individuals worked on these vessels, many of whom may have been forced labor victims. This information provides unprecedented opportunities for novel interventions to combat this humanitarian tragedy. More broadly, this research demonstrates a proof of concept for using remote sensing to detect forced labor abuses.
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15
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Abstract
Human wellbeing relies on the Biosphere, including natural resources provided by ocean ecosystems. As multiple demands and stressors threaten the ocean, transformative change in ocean governance is required to maintain the contributions of the ocean to people. Here we illustrate how transition theory can be applied to ocean governance. We demonstrate how current economic and social systems can adapt to existing pressures and shift towards ocean stewardship through incorporation of niche innovations within and across economic sectors and stakeholder communities. These novel approaches support an emergent but purposeful transition and suggest a clear path to a thriving and vibrant relationship between humans and the ocean. Oceans provide important natural resources, but the management and governance of the ocean is complex and the ecosystem is suffering as a result. The authors discuss current barriers to sustainable ocean governance and suggest pathways forward. Oceans provide important natural resources, but the management and governance of the ocean is complex and the ecosystem is suffering as a result. The authors discuss current barriers to sustainable ocean governance and suggest pathways forward.
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16
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Liu X, Teixeira JS, Ner S, Ma KV, Petronella N, Banerjee S, Ronholm J. Exploring the Potential of the Microbiome as a Marker of the Geographic Origin of Fresh Seafood. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:696. [PMID: 32362885 PMCID: PMC7181054 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Geographic food fraud – misrepresenting the geographic origin of a food item, is very difficult to detect, and therefore this type of fraud tends to go undetected. This potentially negatively impacts the health of Canadians and economic success of our seafood industry. Surveillance studies have shown that up to a significant portion of commercially sold seafood items in Canada are mislabeled or otherwise misrepresented in some way. The current study aimed to determine if the microbiome of fresh shellfish could be used as an accurate marker of harvest location. Total DNA was extracted from the homogenate of 25 batches of fresh soft-shell clams (Mya arenaria) harvested in 2015 and 2018 from two locations on the East Coast of Canada and the microbiome of each homogenate was characterized using 16S rRNA targeted amplicon sequencing. Clams harvested from Nova Scotia in both years had a higher abundance of Proteobacteria and Acidobacteria (p < 0.05), but a lower abundance of Actinobacteria (p < 0.05) than those from Quebec. Alpha-diversity also differed significantly between sites. Samples harvested from Nova Scotia had greater diversity (p < 0.0001) than those from Quebec. Beta-diversity analysis showed that the microbial community composition was significantly different between the samples from Nova Scotia and Quebec and indicated that 16S rRNA targeted amplicon sequencing might be an effective tool for elucidating the geographic origin of unprocessed shellfish. To evaluate if the microbiome of shellfish experiences a loss of microbial diversity during processing and storage – which would limit the ability of this technique to link retail samples to geographic origin, 10 batches of retail clams purchased from grocery stores were also examined. Microbial diversity and species richness was significantly lower in retail clams, and heavily dominated by Proteobacteria, a typical spoilage organism for fresh seafood, this may make determining the geographic origin of seafood items more difficult in retail clams than in freshly harvested clams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoji Liu
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, Canada
| | | | - Saurabh Ner
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Jennifer Ronholm
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, Canada
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17
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Korzik ML, Austin HM, Cooper B, Jasperse C, Tan G, Richards E, Spencer ET, Steinwand B, Fodrie FJ, Bruno JF. Marketplace shrimp mislabeling in North Carolina. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0229512. [PMID: 32163430 PMCID: PMC7067418 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Seafood mislabeling occurs in a wide range of seafood products worldwide, resulting in public distrust, economic fraud, and health risks for consumers. We quantified the extent of shrimp mislabeling in coastal and inland North Carolina. We used standard DNA barcoding procedures to determine the species identity of 106 shrimp sold as “local” by 60 vendors across North Carolina. Thirty-four percent of the purchased shrimp was mislabeled, and surprisingly the percentage did not differ significantly between coastal and inland counties. One third of product incorrectly marketed as “local” was in fact whiteleg shrimp: an imported and globally farmed species native to the eastern Pacific, not found in North Carolina waters. In addition to the negative ecosystem consequences of shrimp farming (e.g., the loss of mangrove forests and the coastal buffering they provide), North Carolina fishers—as with local fishers elsewhere—are negatively impacted when vendors label farmed, frozen, and imported shrimp as local, fresh, and wild-caught.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan L. Korzik
- The Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Hannah M. Austin
- The Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Brittany Cooper
- The Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Caroline Jasperse
- The Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Grace Tan
- The Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Emilie Richards
- The Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Erin T. Spencer
- Environment, Ecology, and Energy Program, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Blaire Steinwand
- The Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - F. Joel Fodrie
- Institute of Marine Sciences, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Morehead City, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - John F. Bruno
- The Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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18
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Jouffray JB, Blasiak R, Norström AV, Österblom H, Nyström M. The Blue Acceleration: The Trajectory of Human Expansion into the Ocean. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oneear.2019.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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19
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Marschke M, Campbell D, Armitage D. Precarious livelihoods: Examining the intersection of fish work and ecological change in coastal Jamaica. PEOPLE AND NATURE 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pan3.10061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Marschke
- School of International Development and Global Studies University of Ottawa Ottawa ON Canada
| | - Donovan Campbell
- Department of Geography & Geology University of the West Indies Kingston Jamaica
| | - Derek Armitage
- School of Environment, Resources and Sustainability University of Waterloo Waterloo ON Canada
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20
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Jouffray JB, Crona B, Wassénius E, Bebbington J, Scholtens B. Leverage points in the financial sector for seafood sustainability. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaax3324. [PMID: 31616789 PMCID: PMC6774725 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aax3324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Can finance contribute to seafood sustainability? This is an increasingly relevant question given the projected growth of seafood markets and the magnitude of social and environmental challenges associated with seafood production. As more capital enters the seafood industry, it becomes crucial that investments steer the sector toward improved sustainability, as opposed to fueling unsustainable working conditions and overexploitation of resources. Using a mixed-methods approach, we map where different financial mechanisms are most salient along a seafood firm's development trajectory and identify three leverage points that can redirect capital toward more sustainable practices: loan covenants, stock exchange listing rules, and shareholder activism. We argue that seafood sustainability requirements need to be integrated into traditional financial services and propose key research avenues for academic, policy, and practice communities. While our study focuses on the role of finance in seafood sustainability, the insights developed are also of high relevance to other extractive industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Baptiste Jouffray
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Global Economic Dynamics and the Biosphere Academy Programme, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
- Corresponding author.
| | - Beatrice Crona
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Global Economic Dynamics and the Biosphere Academy Programme, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emmy Wassénius
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Global Economic Dynamics and the Biosphere Academy Programme, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan Bebbington
- University of Birmingham Business School, Birmingham, UK
| | - Bert Scholtens
- Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- School of Management, University of St Andrews, Gateway, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife, Scotland, UK
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21
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Gopi K, Mazumder D, Sammut J, Saintilan N. Determining the provenance and authenticity of seafood: A review of current methodologies. Trends Food Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2019.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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22
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Abstract
Transformations towards sustainability are needed to address many of the earth’s profound environmental and social challenges. Yet, actions taken to deliberately shift social–ecological systems towards more sustainable trajectories can have substantial social impacts and exclude people from decision-making processes. The concept of just transformations makes explicit a need to consider social justice in the process of shifting towards sustainability. In this paper, we draw on the transformations, just transitions, and social justice literature to advance a pragmatic framing of just transformations that includes recognitional, procedural and distributional considerations. Decision-making processes to guide just transformations need to consider these three factors before, during and after the transformation period. We offer practical and methodological guidance to help navigate just transformations in environmental management and sustainability policies and practice. The framing of just transformations put forward here might be used to inform decision making in numerous marine and terrestrial ecosystems, in rural and urban environments, and at various scales from local to global. We argue that sustainability transformations cannot be considered a success unless social justice is a central concern.
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23
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Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Practices of the Largest Seafood Suppliers in the Wild Capture Fisheries Sector: From Vision to Action. SUSTAINABILITY 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/su11082254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Corporate social responsibility (CSR) in the seafood industry is on the rise. Because of increasing public awareness and non-governmental organization (NGO) campaigns, seafood buyers have made various commitments to improve the sustainability of their wild seafood sourcing. As part of this effort, seafood suppliers have developed their own CSR programs in order to meet buyers’ sourcing requirements. However, the CSR of these companies, many of which are mid-supply chain or vertically integrated, remain largely invisible and unstudied. In order to better understand how mid-chain seafood suppliers engage in sustainability efforts, we reviewed the CSR practices of the 25 largest seafood companies globally (by revenue) that deal with wild seafood products. Based on literature, existing frameworks, and initial data analysis, we developed a structured framework to identify and categorize practices based on the issues addressed and the approach used. We found companies implement CSR to address four key areas, and through various activities that fit into five categories: Power; Practices; Partnerships; Public policy; and Philanthropy. One of the biggest gaps identified in this study is the lack of accountability mechanisms, as well as robust and consistent accounting of impacts. Indeed, many companies express commitments without clear goals and structures in place to ensure implementation. Therefore, improvements in seafood company performance on social and environmental aspects may not only require creating a better business case for CSR, but also require ensuring that companies have the necessary processes and structures in place through public oversights and regulations.
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The role of human rights in implementing socially responsible seafood. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0210241. [PMID: 30682056 PMCID: PMC6347265 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Sustainability standards for seafood mainly address environmental performance criteria and are less concerned with the welfare of fisheries workers who produce the seafood. Yet human rights violations such as slavery and human trafficking are widespread in fisheries around the world, and underscore the need for certification bodies and other seafood supply chain actors to improve social performance, in addition to addressing environmental challenges. Calls for socially responsible seafood have referenced human rights law and policy frameworks to shape the guiding principles of socially responsible seafood and to provide the legal machinery to implement these aspirations, but practical guidance on how to achieve this is lacking. To provide clarity on this challenge, we reviewed the literature concerning human rights in the seafood supply chain, and prepared an analysis of opportunities and challenges to implement socially responsible seafood through relevant human rights, legal and policy instruments. We observe that human rights laws are generally framed in favour of addressing violations of civil and political rights, but there remains considerable scope for applying economic, social and cultural (ESC) rights in this context. Other challenges include weakly defined ESC rights infringements, a lack of straightforward mechanisms to enforce human rights entitlements, and practical difficulties such as resources to support and secure rights. On the positive side, governments can draw on international instruments to inspire national policies and legislation to eliminate illegalities from the seafood supply chain. However, for socially responsible seafood principles to translate into tangible actions, these objectives must be rooted in clear legal obligations and be supported by sufficient national capacity and political will.
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Abstract
Marine fisheries are in crisis, requiring twice the fishing effort of the 1950s to catch the same quantity of fish, and with many fleets operating beyond economic or ecological sustainability. A possible consequence of diminishing returns in this race to fish is serious labour abuses, including modern slavery, which exploit vulnerable workers to reduce costs. Here, we use the Global Slavery Index (GSI), a national-level indicator, as a proxy for modern slavery and labour abuses in fisheries. GSI estimates and fisheries governance are correlated at the national level among the major fishing countries. Furthermore, countries having documented labour abuses at sea share key features, including higher levels of subsidised distant-water fishing and poor catch reporting. Further research into modern slavery in the fisheries sector is needed to better understand how the issue relates to overfishing and fisheries policy, as well as measures to reduce risk in these labour markets. There have been growing concerns about the exploitation of workers in the fisheries sectors. Here, Tickler et al. use a country-level metric of slavery to determine the risk of fisheries-level slavery across 20 countries, and find it rises as unreported catch increases and mean value of catch decreases.
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26
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Abstract
Sustainability of global fisheries is a growing concern. The United Nations has identified three pillars of sustainability: economic development, social development, and environmental protection. The fisheries literature suggests that there are two key trade-offs among these pillars of sustainability. First, poor ecological health of a fishery reduces economic profits for fishers, and second, economic profitability of individual fishers undermines the social objectives of fishing communities. Although recent research has shown that management can reconcile ecological and economic objectives, there are lingering concerns about achieving positive social outcomes. We examined trade-offs among the three pillars of sustainability by analyzing the Fishery Performance Indicators, a unique dataset that scores 121 distinct fishery systems worldwide on 68 metrics categorized by social, economic, or ecological outcomes. For each of the 121 fishery systems, we averaged the outcome measures to create overall scores for economic, ecological, and social performance. We analyzed the scores and found that they were positively associated in the full sample. We divided the data into subsamples that correspond to fisheries management systems with three categories of access-open access, access rights, and harvest rights-and performed a similar analysis. Our results show that economic, social, and ecological objectives are at worst independent and are mutually reinforcing in both types of managed fisheries. The implication is that rights-based management systems should not be rejected on the basis of potentially negative social outcomes; instead, social considerations should be addressed in the design of these systems.
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27
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Nakamura K, Bishop L, Ward T, Pramod G, Thomson DC, Tungpuchayakul P, Srakaew S. Seeing slavery in seafood supply chains. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2018; 4:e1701833. [PMID: 30050983 PMCID: PMC6059758 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1701833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The seafood supply chain is often long and fragmented, and slavery is a tenacious problem. The vast majority of workers are engaged in the early stages of production and often employed through subcontracts or brokers. We hypothesized that food companies could identify risks and implement improvements by adding a labor safety dimension to their tracking and traceability systems. We designed a five-point framework-the Labor Safe Screen-and tested it for 118 products. The framework combines the use of technology in existing platforms with the collection of industry data and authoritative human rights data. Eighteen food companies used three or more components of the framework and systematically documented their supply chains, engaged suppliers, and cross-checked results. The companies were able to identify areas where working conditions met minimum principles, were unknown, or were inadequate. Three companies also incorporated direct worker feedback to focus resources and improve working conditions. We conclude that food companies can effectively and efficiently assess and reduce risks of forced labor in seafood supply chains-not to claim "no slavery" but to greatly improve their awareness of the labor conditions in the making of the products they trade and to identify feasible targets for further diligence and remedies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina Nakamura
- Sustainability Incubator, Honolulu, HI 96816, USA
- Corresponding author.
| | - Lori Bishop
- Lori Bishop Consulting, San Luis Obispo, CA 93401, USA
| | - Trevor Ward
- University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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28
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Van Holt T, Weisman W, Käll S, Crona B, Vergara R. What does popular media have to tell us about the future of seafood? Ann N Y Acad Sci 2018; 1421:46-61. [PMID: 29727023 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We examined ∼300 newspaper and business-oriented articles published over a 10-year period to assess trends in how seafood "sustainability" is talked about. We mapped key concepts relating to seafood sustainability as the word was used. We asked if the reports provided evidence that perceptions of problems or solutions for sustainability in seafood have changed over time. What were emergent areas of interest, and what concepts relevant to sustainable fisheries and seafood were absent in the reports? The number of reports concerning sustainability that focused on the middle of the supply chain (e.g., primary processors and importers) increased over time; certification was cited as both part of sustainability problems and a solution. We observed very little change over time in the kinds of fishery and seafood problems reported in the media sampled; themes consistently focused on environmental aspects of fisheries (social wellbeing aspects did not appear in the sample as linked with the term "sustainability"); and very few media reports on sustainable seafood cited aquaculture as a solution. We discuss the gap between what many researchers may perceive as the state-of-the-art of ideas and communication in seafood sustainability, and what appeared empirically in media during the period under study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sofia Käll
- Kungliga Vetenskapsakademien-Global Economic Dynamics and the Biosphere Program, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Beatrice Crona
- Kungliga Vetenskapsakademien-Global Economic Dynamics and the Biosphere Program, Stockholm, Sweden
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29
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Blanchard JL, Watson RA, Fulton EA, Cottrell RS, Nash KL, Bryndum-Buchholz A, Büchner M, Carozza DA, Cheung WWL, Elliott J, Davidson LNK, Dulvy NK, Dunne JP, Eddy TD, Galbraith E, Lotze HK, Maury O, Müller C, Tittensor DP, Jennings S. Linked sustainability challenges and trade-offs among fisheries, aquaculture and agriculture. Nat Ecol Evol 2017; 1:1240-1249. [PMID: 29046559 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-017-0258-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Fisheries and aquaculture make a crucial contribution to global food security, nutrition and livelihoods. However, the UN Sustainable Development Goals separate marine and terrestrial food production sectors and ecosystems. To sustainably meet increasing global demands for fish, the interlinkages among goals within and across fisheries, aquaculture and agriculture sectors must be recognized and addressed along with their changing nature. Here, we assess and highlight development challenges for fisheries-dependent countries based on analyses of interactions and trade-offs between goals focusing on food, biodiversity and climate change. We demonstrate that some countries are likely to face double jeopardies in both fisheries and agriculture sectors under climate change. The strategies to mitigate these risks will be context-dependent, and will need to directly address the trade-offs among Sustainable Development Goals, such as halting biodiversity loss and reducing poverty. Countries with low adaptive capacity but increasing demand for food require greater support and capacity building to transition towards reconciling trade-offs. Necessary actions are context-dependent and include effective governance, improved management and conservation, maximizing societal and environmental benefits from trade, increased equitability of distribution and innovation in food production, including continued development of low input and low impact aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia L Blanchard
- Institute for Marine & Antarctic Studies (IMAS), University of Tasmania, GPO Box 252-49, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia. .,Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, GPO Box 252-49, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia.
| | - Reg A Watson
- Institute for Marine & Antarctic Studies (IMAS), University of Tasmania, GPO Box 252-49, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia.,Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, GPO Box 252-49, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia
| | - Elizabeth A Fulton
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, GPO Box 252-49, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia.,CSIRO Oceans & Atmosphere, GPO Box 1538, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia
| | - Richard S Cottrell
- Institute for Marine & Antarctic Studies (IMAS), University of Tasmania, GPO Box 252-49, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia.,Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, GPO Box 252-49, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia
| | - Kirsty L Nash
- Institute for Marine & Antarctic Studies (IMAS), University of Tasmania, GPO Box 252-49, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia.,Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, GPO Box 252-49, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia
| | | | - Matthias Büchner
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Telegraphenberg A31, 14473, Potsdam, Germany
| | - David A Carozza
- Department of Mathematics, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - William W L Cheung
- Changing Ocean Research Unit, Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, The University of British Columbia, AERL, 2202 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Joshua Elliott
- University of Chicago Computation Institute, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Lindsay N K Davidson
- Earth to Ocean Research Group, Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Nicholas K Dulvy
- Earth to Ocean Research Group, Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - John P Dunne
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ, 08540, USA
| | - Tyler D Eddy
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, PO Box 15000, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada.,Changing Ocean Research Unit, Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, The University of British Columbia, AERL, 2202 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Eric Galbraith
- Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals (ICTA) and Department of Mathematics, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Spain.,ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Heike K Lotze
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, PO Box 15000, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Olivier Maury
- IRD, UMR 248 MARBEC, Av Jean Monnet CS 30171, 34203, SETE cedex, France
| | - Christoph Müller
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Telegraphenberg A31, 14473, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Derek P Tittensor
- United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre, 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge, CB3 0DL, UK
| | - Simon Jennings
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Lowestoft Laboratory, Lowestoft, NR33 0HT, UK.,School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK.,International Council for the Exploration of the Sea, H.C. Andersens Blvd 44-46, 1553, København V, Denmark
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