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Mizuta K, Sato M. Multiphoton imaging of hippocampal neural circuits: techniques and biological insights into region-, cell-type-, and pathway-specific functions. NEUROPHOTONICS 2024; 11:033406. [PMID: 38464393 PMCID: PMC10923542 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.11.3.033406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Significance The function of the hippocampus in behavior and cognition has long been studied primarily through electrophysiological recordings from freely moving rodents. However, the application of optical recording methods, particularly multiphoton fluorescence microscopy, in the last decade or two has dramatically advanced our understanding of hippocampal function. This article provides a comprehensive overview of techniques and biological findings obtained from multiphoton imaging of hippocampal neural circuits. Aim This review aims to summarize and discuss the recent technical advances in multiphoton imaging of hippocampal neural circuits and the accumulated biological knowledge gained through this technology. Approach First, we provide a brief overview of various techniques of multiphoton imaging of the hippocampus and discuss its advantages, drawbacks, and associated key innovations and practices. Then, we review a large body of findings obtained through multiphoton imaging by region (CA1 and dentate gyrus), cell type (pyramidal neurons, inhibitory interneurons, and glial cells), and cellular compartment (dendrite and axon). Results Multiphoton imaging of the hippocampus is primarily performed under head-fixed conditions and can reveal detailed mechanisms of circuit operation owing to its high spatial resolution and specificity. As the hippocampus lies deep below the cortex, its imaging requires elaborate methods. These include imaging cannula implantation, microendoscopy, and the use of long-wavelength light sources. Although many studies have focused on the dorsal CA1 pyramidal cells, studies of other local and inter-areal circuitry elements have also helped provide a more comprehensive picture of the information processing performed by the hippocampal circuits. Imaging of circuit function in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease and other brain disorders such as autism spectrum disorder has also contributed greatly to our understanding of their pathophysiology. Conclusions Multiphoton imaging has revealed much regarding region-, cell-type-, and pathway-specific mechanisms in hippocampal function and dysfunction in health and disease. Future technological advances will allow further illustration of the operating principle of the hippocampal circuits via the large-scale, high-resolution, multimodal, and minimally invasive imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kotaro Mizuta
- RIKEN BDR, Kobe, Japan
- New York University Abu Dhabi, Department of Biology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Masaaki Sato
- Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Neuropharmacology, Sapporo, Japan
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2
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Xiao S, Cunningham WJ, Kondabolu K, Lowet E, Moya MV, Mount RA, Ravasio C, Bortz E, Shaw D, Economo MN, Han X, Mertz J. Large-scale deep tissue voltage imaging with targeted-illumination confocal microscopy. Nat Methods 2024:10.1038/s41592-024-02275-w. [PMID: 38840033 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-024-02275-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Voltage imaging with cellular specificity has been made possible by advances in genetically encoded voltage indicators. However, the kilohertz rates required for voltage imaging lead to weak signals. Moreover, out-of-focus fluorescence and tissue scattering produce background that both undermines the signal-to-noise ratio and induces crosstalk between cells, making reliable in vivo imaging in densely labeled tissue highly challenging. We describe a microscope that combines the distinct advantages of targeted illumination and confocal gating while also maximizing signal detection efficiency. The resulting benefits in signal-to-noise ratio and crosstalk reduction are quantified experimentally and theoretically. Our microscope provides a versatile solution for enabling high-fidelity in vivo voltage imaging at large scales and penetration depths, which we demonstrate across a wide range of imaging conditions and different genetically encoded voltage indicator classes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Xiao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
| | | | | | - Eric Lowet
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Maria V Moya
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rebecca A Mount
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cara Ravasio
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emma Bortz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dana Shaw
- Graduate Program for Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Neurophotonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael N Economo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Neurophotonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xue Han
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Neurophotonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jerome Mertz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Neurophotonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
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3
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Csillag V, Noble JC, Calvigioni D, Reinius B, Fuzik J. All-optical voltage imaging-guided postsynaptic single-cell transcriptome profiling with Voltage-Seq. Nat Protoc 2024:10.1038/s41596-024-01005-y. [PMID: 38834919 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-024-01005-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Neuronal pathways recruit large postsynaptic populations and maintain connections via distinct postsynaptic response types (PRTs). Until recently, PRTs were accessible as a selection criterion for single-cell RNA sequencing only through probing by low-throughput whole-cell electrophysiology. To overcome these limitations and target neurons on the basis of specific PRTs for soma collection and subsequent single-cell RNA sequencing, we developed Voltage-Seq using the genetically encoded voltage indicator Voltron in acute brain slices from mice. We also created an onsite analysis tool, VoltView, to guide soma collection of specific PRTs using a classifier based on a previously acquired database of connectomes from multiple animals. Here we present our procedure for preparing the optical path, the imaging setup and detailing the imaging and analysis steps, as well as a complete procedure for sequencing library preparation. This enables researchers to conduct our high-throughput all-optical synaptic assay and to obtain single-cell transcriptomic data from selected postsynaptic neurons. This also allows researchers to resolve the connectivity ratio of a specific pathway and explore the diversity of PRTs within that connectome. Furthermore, combining high throughput with quick analysis gives unique access to find specific connections within a large postsynaptic connectome. Voltage-Seq also allows the investigation of correlations between connectivity and gene expression changes in a postsynaptic cell-type-specific manner for both excitatory and inhibitory connections. The Voltage-Seq workflow can be completed in ~6 weeks, including 4-5 weeks for viral expression of the Voltron sensor. The technique requires knowledge of basic laboratory techniques, micromanipulator handling skills and experience in molecular biology and bioinformatics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Csillag
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J C Noble
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Björn Reinius
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - János Fuzik
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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4
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Zhang J, Newman J, Wang Z, Qian Y, Feliciano-Ramos P, Guo W, Honda T, Chen ZS, Linghu C, Etienne-Cummings R, Fossum E, Boyden E, Wilson M. Pixel-wise programmability enables dynamic high-SNR cameras for high-speed microscopy. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4480. [PMID: 38802338 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48765-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
High-speed wide-field fluorescence microscopy has the potential to capture biological processes with exceptional spatiotemporal resolution. However, conventional cameras suffer from low signal-to-noise ratio at high frame rates, limiting their ability to detect faint fluorescent events. Here, we introduce an image sensor where each pixel has individually programmable sampling speed and phase, so that pixels can be arranged to simultaneously sample at high speed with a high signal-to-noise ratio. In high-speed voltage imaging experiments, our image sensor significantly increases the output signal-to-noise ratio compared to a low-noise scientific CMOS camera (~2-3 folds). This signal-to-noise ratio gain enables the detection of weak neuronal action potentials and subthreshold activities missed by the standard scientific CMOS cameras. Our camera with flexible pixel exposure configurations offers versatile sampling strategies to improve signal quality in various experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Jonathan Newman
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Zeguan Wang
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Yong Qian
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Pedro Feliciano-Ramos
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Wei Guo
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Takato Honda
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Zhe Sage Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Changyang Linghu
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ralph Etienne-Cummings
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Eric Fossum
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Edward Boyden
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Matthew Wilson
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
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Minoshima M, Reja SI, Hashimoto R, Iijima K, Kikuchi K. Hybrid Small-Molecule/Protein Fluorescent Probes. Chem Rev 2024; 124:6198-6270. [PMID: 38717865 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Hybrid small-molecule/protein fluorescent probes are powerful tools for visualizing protein localization and function in living cells. These hybrid probes are constructed by diverse site-specific chemical protein labeling approaches through chemical reactions to exogenous peptide/small protein tags, enzymatic post-translational modifications, bioorthogonal reactions for genetically incorporated unnatural amino acids, and ligand-directed chemical reactions. The hybrid small-molecule/protein fluorescent probes are employed for imaging protein trafficking, conformational changes, and bioanalytes surrounding proteins. In addition, fluorescent hybrid probes facilitate visualization of protein dynamics at the single-molecule level and the defined structure with super-resolution imaging. In this review, we discuss development and the bioimaging applications of fluorescent probes based on small-molecule/protein hybrids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masafumi Minoshima
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan
| | - Shahi Imam Reja
- Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, 2-1, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan
| | - Ryu Hashimoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan
| | - Kohei Iijima
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan
| | - Kazuya Kikuchi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan
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Brown MP, Verma S, Palmer I, Guerrero Zuniga A, Mehta A, Rosensweig C, Keles MF, Wu MN. A subclass of evening cells promotes the switch from arousal to sleep at dusk. Curr Biol 2024; 34:2186-2199.e3. [PMID: 38723636 PMCID: PMC11111347 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Animals exhibit rhythmic patterns of behavior that are shaped by an internal circadian clock and the external environment. Although light intensity varies across the day, there are particularly robust differences at twilight (dawn/dusk). These periods are also associated with major changes in behavioral states, such as the transition from arousal to sleep. However, the neural mechanisms by which time and environmental conditions promote these behavioral transitions are poorly defined. Here, we show that the E1 subclass of Drosophila evening clock neurons promotes the transition from arousal to sleep at dusk. We first demonstrate that the cell-autonomous clocks of E2 neurons primarily drive and adjust the phase of evening anticipation, the canonical behavior associated with "evening" clock neurons. We next show that conditionally silencing E1 neurons causes a significant delay in sleep onset after dusk. However, rather than simply promoting sleep, activating E1 neurons produces time- and light-dependent effects on behavior. Activation of E1 neurons has no effect early in the day but then triggers arousal before dusk and induces sleep after dusk. Strikingly, these activation-induced phenotypes depend on the presence of light during the day. Despite their influence on behavior around dusk, in vivo voltage imaging of E1 neurons reveals that their spiking rate and pattern do not significantly change throughout the day. Moreover, E1-specific clock ablation has no effect on arousal or sleep. Thus, we suggest that, rather than specifying "evening" time, E1 neurons act, in concert with other rhythmic neurons, to promote behavioral transitions at dusk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew P Brown
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Shubha Verma
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Isabelle Palmer
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | | | - Anuradha Mehta
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Clark Rosensweig
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60201, USA
| | - Mehmet F Keles
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Mark N Wu
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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7
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Brooks FP, Davis HC, Wong-Campos JD, Cohen AE. Optical constraints on two-photon voltage imaging. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.11.18.567441. [PMID: 38014011 PMCID: PMC10680948 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.18.567441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Significance Genetically encoded voltage indicators (GEVIs) are a valuable tool for studying neural circuits in vivo, but the relative merits and limitations of one-photon (1P) vs. two-photon (2P) voltage imaging are not well characterized. Aim We consider the optical and biophysical constraints particular to 1P and 2P voltage imaging and compare the imaging properties of commonly used GEVIs under 1P and 2P excitation. Approach We measure brightness and voltage sensitivity of voltage indicators from commonly used classes under 1P and 2P illumination. We also measure the decrease in fluorescence as a function of depth in mouse brain. We develop a simple model of the number of measurable cells as a function of reporter properties, imaging parameters, and desired signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). We then discuss how the performance of voltage imaging would be affected by sensor improvements and by recently introduced advanced imaging modalities. Results Compared to 1P excitation, 2P excitation requires ~104-fold more illumination power per cell to produce similar photon count rates. For voltage imaging with JEDI-2P in mouse cortex with a target SNR of 10 (spike height:baseline shot noise), a measurement bandwidth of 1 kHz, a thermally limited laser power of 200 mW, and an imaging depth of > 300 μm, 2P voltage imaging using an 80 MHz source can record from no more 12 cells simultaneously. Conclusions Due to the stringent photon-count requirements of voltage imaging and the modest voltage sensitivity of existing reporters, 2P voltage imaging in vivo faces a stringent tradeoff between shot noise and tissue photodamage. 2P imaging of hundreds of neurons with high SNR at depth > 300 μm will require either major improvements in 2P GEVIs or qualitatively new approaches to imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Phil Brooks
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University
| | - Hunter C Davis
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University
| | | | - Adam E Cohen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University
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8
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Mukherjee A, Huang Y, Elgeti J, Oh S, Abreu JG, Rebecca Neliat A, Schüttler J, Su DD, Catherine Benites N, Liu X, Peshkin L, Barboiu M, Stocker H, Kirschner MW, Basan M. Membrane potential as master regulator of cellular mechano-transduction. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.11.02.565386. [PMID: 37961564 PMCID: PMC10635089 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.02.565386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
The establishment of membrane potential is a property of all living cells1. Nevertheless, its physiological role in non-excitable cells is poorly understood. Resting membrane potential is typically considered fixed for a given cell type and under tight homeostatic control2. Contrary to this widely accepted opinion, we found that membrane potential can be a dynamic property that reflects mechanical forces acting on the cell. We show that important mechano-sensing pathways, like YAP, JNK and p383-7, are directly controlled by membrane potential. Moreover, we show that mechano-transduction via membrane potential plays a critical role in the homeostasis of epithelial tissues, setting cellular biomass density and cell number density by controlling proliferation and cell elimination. We find that mechanical stretching results in a wave of depolarization during wound healing that enhances the efficiency of wound closure. Together these data are explained by a biophysical model that demonstrates that membrane potential is physically coupled to mechanical pressure and cellular biomass density, thereby providing a quasi-instantaneous, global readout of the biophysical state of the cell. Membrane potential in turn regulates cell growth, resulting in homeostatic feedback control of biomass density and cell number density in tissues. Mechano-transduction via membrane potential may be an ancient homeostatic mechanism for cell density, cell size and growth control in multi-cellular organisms and its misregulation may play a role in tumorigenesis.
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9
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Zhang J, Newman J, Wang Z, Qian Y, Feliciano-Ramos P, Guo W, Honda T, Chen ZS, Linghu C, Etienne-Cummings R, Fossum E, Boyden E, Wilson M. Pixel-wise programmability enables dynamic high-SNR cameras for high-speed microscopy. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.06.27.546748. [PMID: 37425952 PMCID: PMC10327006 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.27.546748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
High-speed wide-field fluorescence microscopy has the potential to capture biological processes with exceptional spatiotemporal resolution. However, conventional cameras suffer from low signal-to-noise ratio at high frame rates, limiting their ability to detect faint fluorescent events. Here, we introduce an image sensor where each pixel has individually programmable sampling speed and phase, so that pixels can be arranged to simultaneously sample at high speed with a high signal-to-noise ratio. In high-speed voltage imaging experiments, our image sensor significantly increases the output signal-to-noise ratio compared to a low-noise scientific CMOS camera (~2-3 folds). This signal-to-noise ratio gain enables the detection of weak neuronal action potentials and subthreshold activities missed by the standard scientific CMOS cameras. Our camera with flexible pixel exposure configurations offers versatile sampling strategies to improve signal quality in various experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jonathan Newman
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Zeguan Wang
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Yong Qian
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Pedro Feliciano-Ramos
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Wei Guo
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Takato Honda
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Zhe Sage Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Changyang Linghu
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ralph Etienne-Cummings
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Eric Fossum
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Edward Boyden
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Matthew Wilson
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
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Seenivasan P, Basak R, Narayanan R. Cross-strata co-occurrence of ripples with theta-frequency oscillations in the hippocampus of foraging rats. J Physiol 2024; 602:2315-2341. [PMID: 38654581 PMCID: PMC7615956 DOI: 10.1113/jp284629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Brain rhythms have been postulated to play central roles in animal cognition. A prominently reported dichotomy of hippocampal rhythms links theta-frequency oscillations (4-12 Hz) and ripples (120-250 Hz) exclusively to preparatory and consummatory behaviours, respectively. However, because of the differential power expression of these two signals across hippocampal strata, such exclusivity requires validation through analyses of simultaneous multi-strata recordings. We assessed co-occurrence of theta-frequency oscillations with ripples in multi-channel recordings of extracellular potentials across hippocampal strata from foraging rats. We detected all ripple events from an identified stratum pyramidale (SP) channel. We then defined theta epochs based on theta oscillations detected from the stratum lacunosum-moleculare (SLM) or the stratum radiatum (SR). We found ∼20% of ripple events (in SP) to co-occur with theta epochs identified from SR/SLM channels, defined here as theta ripples. Strikingly, when theta epochs were instead identified from the SP channel, such co-occurrences were significantly reduced because of a progressive reduction in theta power along the SLM-SR-SP axis. Behaviourally, we found most theta ripples to occur during immobile periods, with comparable theta power during exploratory and immobile theta epochs. Furthermore, the progressive reduction in theta power along the SLM-SR-SP axis was common to exploratory and immobile periods. Finally, we found a strong theta-phase preference of theta ripples within the fourth quadrant [3π/2 - 2π] of the associated theta oscillation. The prevalence of theta ripples expands the potential roles of ripple-frequency oscillations to span the continuum of encoding, retrieval and consolidation, achieved through interactions with theta oscillations. KEY POINTS: The brain manifests oscillations in recorded electrical potentials, with different frequencies of oscillation associated with distinct behavioural states. A prominently reported dichotomy assigns theta-frequency oscillations (4-12 Hz) and ripples (120-250 Hz) recorded in the hippocampus to be exclusively associated with preparatory and consummatory behaviours, respectively. Our multi-strata recordings from the rodent hippocampus coupled with cross-strata analyses provide direct quantitative evidence for the occurrence of ripple events nested within theta oscillations. These results highlight the need for an analysis pipeline that explicitly accounts for the specific strata where individual oscillatory power is high, in analysing simultaneously recorded data from multiple strata. Our observations open avenues for investigations involving cross-strata interactions between theta oscillations and ripples across different behavioural states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavithraa Seenivasan
- Cellular Neurophysiology Laboratory, Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Reshma Basak
- Cellular Neurophysiology Laboratory, Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Rishikesh Narayanan
- Cellular Neurophysiology Laboratory, Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
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Wu W, Yan K, He Z, Zhang L, Dong Y, Wu B, Liu H, Wang S, Zhang F. 2X-Rhodamine: A Bright and Fluorogenic Scaffold for Developing Near-Infrared Chemigenetic Indicators. J Am Chem Soc 2024. [PMID: 38605649 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c03485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Chemigenetic fusion of synthetic dyes with genetically encoded protein tags presents a promising avenue for in vivo imaging. However, its full potential has been hindered by the lack of bright and fluorogenic dyes operating in the "tissue transparency" near-infrared window (NIR, 700-1700 nm). Here, we report 2X-rhodamine (2XR), a novel bright scaffold that allows for the development of live-cell-compatible, NIR-excited variants with strong fluorogenicity beyond 1000 nm. 2XR utilizes a rigidified π-skeleton featuring dual atomic bridges and functions via a spiro-based fluorogenic mechanism. This design affords longer wavelengths, higher quantum yield (ΦF = 0.11), and enhanced fluorogenicity in water when compared to the phosphine oxide-cored, or sulfone-cored rhodamine, the NIR fluorogenic benchmarks currently used. We showcase their bright performance in video-rate dynamic imaging and targeted deep-tissue molecular imaging in vivo. Notably, we develop a 2XR variant, 2XR715-HTL, an NIR fluorogenic ligand for the HaloTag protein, enabling NIR genetically encoded calcium sensing and the first demonstration of in vivo chemigenetic labeling beyond 1000 nm. Our work expands the library of NIR fluorogenic tools, paving the way for in vivo imaging and sensing with the chemigenetic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiao Wu
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials and iChem, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Kui Yan
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials and iChem, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zuyang He
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials and iChem, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials and iChem, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yuyao Dong
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials and iChem, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Bin Wu
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials and iChem, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Hongyue Liu
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials and iChem, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Shangfeng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials and iChem, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials and iChem, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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Brooks FP, Davis HC, Park P, Qi Y, Cohen AE. Photophysics-informed two-photon voltage imaging using FRET-opsin voltage indicators. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.01.587540. [PMID: 38617370 PMCID: PMC11014499 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.01.587540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Microbial rhodopsin-derived genetically encoded voltage indicators (GEVIs) are powerful tools for mapping bioelectrical dynamics in cell culture and in live animals. Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET)-opsin GEVIs use voltage-dependent changes in opsin absorption to modulate the fluorescence of an attached fluorophore, achieving high brightness, speed, and voltage sensitivity. However, the voltage sensitivity of most FRET-opsin GEVIs has been reported to decrease or vanish under two-photon (2P) excitation. Here we investigated the photophysics of the FRET-opsin GEVIs Voltron1 and 2. We found that the voltage sensitivity came from a photocycle intermediate, not from the opsin ground state. The voltage sensitivities of both GEVIs were nonlinear functions of illumination intensity; for Voltron1, the sensitivity reversed sign under low-intensity illumination. Using photocycle-optimized 2P illumination protocols, we demonstrate 2P voltage imaging with Voltron2 in barrel cortex of a live mouse. These results open the door to high-speed 2P voltage imaging of FRET-opsin GEVIs in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Pojeong Park
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University
| | - Yitong Qi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University
| | - Adam E. Cohen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University
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13
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Song C, Matlashov ME, Shcherbakova DM, Antic SD, Verkhusha VV, Knöpfel T. Characterization of two near-infrared genetically encoded voltage indicators. NEUROPHOTONICS 2024; 11:024201. [PMID: 38090225 PMCID: PMC10712888 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.11.2.024201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Significance Efforts starting more than 20 years ago led to increasingly well performing genetically encoded voltage indicators (GEVIs) for optical imaging at wavelengths < 600 nm . Although optical imaging in the > 600 nm wavelength range has many advantages over shorter wavelength approaches for mesoscopic in vivo monitoring of neuronal activity in the mammalian brain, the availability and evaluation of well performing near-infrared GEVIs are still limited. Aim Here, we characterized two recent near-infrared GEVIs, Archon1 and nirButterfly, to support interested tool users in selecting a suitable near-infrared GEVI for their specific research question requirements. Approach We characterized side-by-side the brightness, sensitivity, and kinetics of both near-infrared GEVIs in a setting focused on population imaging. Results We found that nirButterfly shows seven-fold higher brightness than Archon1 under the same conditions and faster kinetics than Archon1 for population imaging without cellular resolution. But Archon1 showed larger signals than nirButterfly. Conclusions Neither GEVI characterized here surpasses in all three key parameters (brightness, kinetics, and sensitivity), so there is no unequivocal preference for one of the two. Our side-by-side characterization presented here provides new information for future in vitro and ex vivo experimental designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Song
- Imperial College, Laboratory for Neuronal Circuit Dynamics, London, United Kingdom
- Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Mikhail E. Matlashov
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Department of Genetics, Bronx, New York, United States
| | - Daria M. Shcherbakova
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Department of Genetics, Bronx, New York, United States
| | - Srdjan D. Antic
- Institute for Systems Genomics, UConn Health, Department of Neuroscience, Farmington, Connecticut, United States
| | - Vladislav V. Verkhusha
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Department of Genetics, Bronx, New York, United States
- University of Helsinki, Medicum, Faculty of Medicine, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Thomas Knöpfel
- Imperial College, Laboratory for Neuronal Circuit Dynamics, London, United Kingdom
- Hong Kong Baptist University, Laboratory for Neuronal Circuit Dynamics, Hong Kong, China
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14
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Castillo-Velasquez C, Matamala E, Becerra D, Orio P, Brauchi SE. Optical recordings of organellar membrane potentials and the components of membrane conductance in lysosomes. J Physiol 2024; 602:1637-1654. [PMID: 38625711 DOI: 10.1113/jp283825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The eukaryotic cell is highly compartmentalized with organelles. Owing to their function in transporting metabolites, metabolic intermediates and byproducts of metabolic activity, organelles are important players in the orchestration of cellular function. Recent advances in optical methods for interrogating the different aspects of organellar activity promise to revolutionize our ability to dissect cellular processes with unprecedented detail. The transport activity of organelles is usually coupled to the transport of charged species; therefore, it is not only associated with the metabolic landscape but also entangled with membrane potentials. In this context, the targeted expression of fluorescent probes for interrogating organellar membrane potential (Ψorg) emerges as a powerful approach, offering less-invasive conditions and technical simplicity to interrogate cellular signalling and metabolism. Different research groups have made remarkable progress in adapting a variety of optical methods for measuring and monitoring Ψorg. These approaches include using potentiometric dyes, genetically encoded voltage indicators, hybrid fluorescence resonance energy transfer sensors and photoinduced electron transfer systems. These studies have provided consistent values for the resting potential of single-membrane organelles, such as lysosomes, the Golgi and the endoplasmic reticulum. We can foresee the use of dynamic measurements of Ψorg to study fundamental problems in organellar physiology that are linked to serious cellular disorders. Here, we present an overview of the available techniques, a survey of the resting membrane potential of internal membranes and, finally, an open-source mathematical model useful to interpret and interrogate membrane-bound structures of small volume by using the lysosome as an example.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Castillo-Velasquez
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channel-Associated Diseases (MiNICAD), Valdivia, Chile
| | - Ella Matamala
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channel-Associated Diseases (MiNICAD), Valdivia, Chile
| | - Diego Becerra
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Patricio Orio
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Sebastian E Brauchi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channel-Associated Diseases (MiNICAD), Valdivia, Chile
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15
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Pham TG, Wu J. Recent advances in methods for live-cell RNA imaging. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:5537-5545. [PMID: 38414383 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr00129j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
As one of the most fundamental building blocks of life, RNA plays critical roles in diverse biological processes, from X chromosome inactivation, genome stability maintenance, to embryo development. Being able to visualize the localization and dynamics of RNA can provide critical insights into these fundamental processes. In this review, we provide an overview of current methods for live-cell RNA imaging with a focus on methods for visualizing RNA in living mammalian cells with single-molecule resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tien G Pham
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA.
| | - Jiahui Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA.
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16
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Doszyn O, Dulski T, Zmorzynska J. Diving into the zebrafish brain: exploring neuroscience frontiers with genetic tools, imaging techniques, and behavioral insights. Front Mol Neurosci 2024; 17:1358844. [PMID: 38533456 PMCID: PMC10963419 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2024.1358844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The zebrafish (Danio rerio) is increasingly used in neuroscience research. Zebrafish are relatively easy to maintain, and their high fecundity makes them suitable for high-throughput experiments. Their small, transparent embryos and larvae allow for easy microscopic imaging of the developing brain. Zebrafish also share a high degree of genetic similarity with humans, and are amenable to genetic manipulation techniques, such as gene knockdown, knockout, or knock-in, which allows researchers to study the role of specific genes relevant to human brain development, function, and disease. Zebrafish can also serve as a model for behavioral studies, including locomotion, learning, and social interactions. In this review, we present state-of-the-art methods to study the brain function in zebrafish, including genetic tools for labeling single neurons and neuronal circuits, live imaging of neural activity, synaptic dynamics and protein interactions in the zebrafish brain, optogenetic manipulation, and the use of virtual reality technology for behavioral testing. We highlight the potential of zebrafish for neuroscience research, especially regarding brain development, neuronal circuits, and genetic-based disorders and discuss its certain limitations as a model.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - J. Zmorzynska
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology in Warsaw (IIMCB), Warsaw, Poland
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17
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Zhao Y, Wan J, Li Y. Genetically encoded sensors for in vivo detection of neurochemicals relevant to depression. J Neurochem 2024. [PMID: 38468468 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.16046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Depressive disorders are a common and debilitating form of mental illness with significant impacts on individuals and society. Despite the high prevalence, the underlying causes and mechanisms of depressive disorders are still poorly understood. Neurochemical systems, including serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine, have been implicated in the development and perpetuation of depressive symptoms. Current treatments for depression target these neuromodulator systems, but there is a need for a better understanding of their role in order to develop more effective treatments. Monitoring neurochemical dynamics during depressive symptoms is crucial for gaining a better a understanding of their involvement in depressive disorders. Genetically encoded sensors have emerged recently that offer high spatial-temporal resolution and the ability to monitor neurochemical dynamics in real time. This review explores the neurochemical systems involved in depression and discusses the applications and limitations of current monitoring tools for neurochemical dynamics. It also highlights the potential of genetically encoded sensors for better characterizing neurochemical dynamics in depression-related behaviors. Furthermore, potential improvements to current sensors are discussed in order to meet the requirements of depression research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
| | - Jinxia Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
| | - Yulong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
- National Biomedical Imaging Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
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18
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Shimoda Y, Leite M, Graham RT, Marvin JS, Hasseman J, Kolb I, Looger LL, Magloire V, Kullmann DM. Extracellular glutamate and GABA transients at the transition from interictal spiking to seizures. Brain 2024; 147:1011-1024. [PMID: 37787057 PMCID: PMC10907087 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awad336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Focal epilepsy is associated with intermittent brief population discharges (interictal spikes), which resemble sentinel spikes that often occur at the onset of seizures. Why interictal spikes self-terminate whilst seizures persist and propagate is incompletely understood. We used fluorescent glutamate and GABA sensors in an awake rodent model of neocortical seizures to resolve the spatiotemporal evolution of both neurotransmitters in the extracellular space. Interictal spikes were accompanied by brief glutamate transients which were maximal at the initiation site and rapidly propagated centrifugally. GABA transients lasted longer than glutamate transients and were maximal ∼1.5 mm from the focus where they propagated centripetally. Prior to seizure initiation GABA transients were attenuated, whilst glutamate transients increased, consistent with a progressive failure of local inhibitory restraint. As seizures increased in frequency, there was a gradual increase in the spatial extent of spike-associated glutamate transients associated with interictal spikes. Neurotransmitter imaging thus reveals a progressive collapse of an annulus of feed-forward GABA release, allowing seizures to escape from local inhibitory restraint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiteru Shimoda
- Department of Clinical & Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Marco Leite
- Department of Clinical & Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Robert T Graham
- Department of Clinical & Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Jonathan S Marvin
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
| | - Jeremy Hasseman
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
| | - Ilya Kolb
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
| | - Loren L Looger
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
| | - Vincent Magloire
- Department of Clinical & Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Dimitri M Kullmann
- Department of Clinical & Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK
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19
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Tsytsarev V, Sopova JV, Leonova EI, Inyushin M, Markina AA, Chirinskaite AV, Volnova AB. Neurophotonic methods in approach to in vivo animal epileptic models: Advantages and limitations. Epilepsia 2024; 65:600-614. [PMID: 38115808 PMCID: PMC10948300 DOI: 10.1111/epi.17870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Neurophotonic technology is a rapidly growing group of techniques that are based on the interactions of light with natural or genetically modified cells of the neural system. New optical technologies make it possible to considerably extend the tools of neurophysiological research, from the visualization of functional activity changes to control of brain tissue excitability. This opens new perspectives for studying the mechanisms underlying the development of human neurological diseases. Epilepsy is one of the most common brain disorders; it is characterized by recurrent seizures and affects >1% of the world's population. However, how seizures occur, spread, and terminate in a healthy brain is still unclear. Therefore, it is extremely important to develop appropriate models to accurately explore the causal relationship of epileptic activity. The use of neurophotonic technologies in epilepsy research falls into two broad categories: the visualization of neural epileptic activity, and the direct optical influence on neurons to induce or suppress epileptic activity. An optogenetic variant of the classical kindling model of epileptic seizures, in which activatable cells are genetically defined, is called optokindling. Research is also underway concerning the application of neurophotonic techniques for suppressing epileptic activity, aiming to bring these methods into clinical practice. This review aims to systematize and describe new approaches that use combinations of different neurophotonic methods to work with in vivo models of epilepsy. These approaches overcome many of the shortcomings associated with classical animal models of epilepsy and thus increase the effectiveness of developing new diagnostic methods and antiepileptic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vassiliy Tsytsarev
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Department of Neurobiology 20 Penn St, HSF-2, 21201 MD, Baltimore, United States
| | - Julia V. Sopova
- Center of Transgenesis and Genome Editing, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Elena I. Leonova
- Center of Transgenesis and Genome Editing, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Mikhail Inyushin
- School of Medicine, Universidad Central del Caribe, Bayamon, PR 00956, USA
| | - Alisa A. Markina
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, Saint Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Angelina V. Chirinskaite
- Center of Transgenesis and Genome Editing, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anna B. Volnova
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, Saint Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
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20
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Huppertz MC, Wilhelm J, Grenier V, Schneider MW, Falt T, Porzberg N, Hausmann D, Hoffmann DC, Hai L, Tarnawski M, Pino G, Slanchev K, Kolb I, Acuna C, Fenk LM, Baier H, Hiblot J, Johnsson K. Recording physiological history of cells with chemical labeling. Science 2024; 383:890-897. [PMID: 38386755 DOI: 10.1126/science.adg0812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Recordings of the physiological history of cells provide insights into biological processes, yet obtaining such recordings is a challenge. To address this, we introduce a method to record transient cellular events for later analysis. We designed proteins that become labeled in the presence of both a specific cellular activity and a fluorescent substrate. The recording period is set by the presence of the substrate, whereas the cellular activity controls the degree of the labeling. The use of distinguishable substrates enabled the recording of successive periods of activity. We recorded protein-protein interactions, G protein-coupled receptor activation, and increases in intracellular calcium. Recordings of elevated calcium levels allowed selections of cells from heterogeneous populations for transcriptomic analysis and tracking of neuronal activities in flies and zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus-Carsten Huppertz
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstrasse 29, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jonas Wilhelm
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstrasse 29, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Vincent Grenier
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstrasse 29, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin W Schneider
- Department Genes - Circuits - Behavior, Max Planck Institute for Biological Intelligence, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Tjalda Falt
- Active Sensing, Max Planck Institute for Biological Intelligence, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Nicola Porzberg
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstrasse 29, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David Hausmann
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dirk C Hoffmann
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Neurology and Neurooncology Program, National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ling Hai
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Neurology and Neurooncology Program, National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Bioinformatics and Omics Data Analytics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Miroslaw Tarnawski
- Protein Expression and Characterization Facility, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstrasse 29, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gabriela Pino
- Chica and Heinz Schaller Foundation, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 307, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Krasimir Slanchev
- Department Genes - Circuits - Behavior, Max Planck Institute for Biological Intelligence, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Ilya Kolb
- GENIE Project Team, Janelia Research Campus, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
| | - Claudio Acuna
- Chica and Heinz Schaller Foundation, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 307, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lisa M Fenk
- Active Sensing, Max Planck Institute for Biological Intelligence, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Herwig Baier
- Department Genes - Circuits - Behavior, Max Planck Institute for Biological Intelligence, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Julien Hiblot
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstrasse 29, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kai Johnsson
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstrasse 29, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering (ISIC), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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21
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Kasuba KC, Buccino AP, Bartram J, Gaub BM, Fauser FJ, Ronchi S, Kumar SS, Geissler S, Nava MM, Hierlemann A, Müller DJ. Mechanical stimulation and electrophysiological monitoring at subcellular resolution reveals differential mechanosensation of neurons within networks. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024:10.1038/s41565-024-01609-1. [PMID: 38378885 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-024-01609-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
A growing consensus that the brain is a mechanosensitive organ is driving the need for tools that mechanically stimulate and simultaneously record the electrophysiological response of neurons within neuronal networks. Here we introduce a synchronized combination of atomic force microscopy, high-density microelectrode array and fluorescence microscopy to monitor neuronal networks and to mechanically characterize and stimulate individual neurons at piconewton force sensitivity and nanometre precision while monitoring their electrophysiological activity at subcellular spatial and millisecond temporal resolution. No correlation is found between mechanical stiffness and electrophysiological activity of neuronal compartments. Furthermore, spontaneously active neurons show exceptional functional resilience to static mechanical compression of their soma. However, application of fast transient (∼500 ms) mechanical stimuli to the neuronal soma can evoke action potentials, which depend on the anchoring of neuronal membrane and actin cytoskeleton. Neurons show higher responsivity, including bursts of action potentials, to slower transient mechanical stimuli (∼60 s). Moreover, transient and repetitive application of the same compression modulates the neuronal firing rate. Seemingly, neuronal networks can differentiate and respond to specific characteristics of mechanical stimulation. Ultimately, the developed multiparametric tool opens the door to explore manifold nanomechanobiological responses of neuronal systems and new ways of mechanical control.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Julian Bartram
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin M Gaub
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Felix J Fauser
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Sydney Geissler
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michele M Nava
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Hierlemann
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Daniel J Müller
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Basel, Switzerland.
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22
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Liao Z, Gonzalez KC, Li DM, Yang CM, Holder D, McClain NE, Zhang G, Evans SW, Chavarha M, Yi J, Makinson CD, Lin MZ, Losonczy A, Negrean A. Functional architecture of intracellular oscillations in hippocampal dendrites. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.12.579750. [PMID: 38405778 PMCID: PMC10888786 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.12.579750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Fast electrical signaling in dendrites is central to neural computations that support adaptive behaviors. Conventional techniques lack temporal and spatial resolution and the ability to track underlying membrane potential dynamics present across the complex three-dimensional dendritic arbor in vivo. Here, we perform fast two-photon imaging of dendritic and somatic membrane potential dynamics in single pyramidal cells in the CA1 region of the mouse hippocampus during awake behavior. We study the dynamics of subthreshold membrane potential and suprathreshold dendritic events throughout the dendritic arbor in vivo by combining voltage imaging with simultaneous local field potential recording, post hoc morphological reconstruction, and a spatial navigation task. We systematically quantify the modulation of local event rates by locomotion in distinct dendritic regions and report an advancing gradient of dendritic theta phase along the basal-tuft axis, then describe a predominant hyperpolarization of the dendritic arbor during sharp-wave ripples. Finally, we find spatial tuning of dendritic representations dynamically reorganizes following place field formation. Our data reveal how the organization of electrical signaling in dendrites maps onto the anatomy of the dendritic tree across behavior, oscillatory network, and functional cell states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenrui Liao
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, United States
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, United States
| | - Kevin C Gonzalez
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, United States
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, United States
| | - Deborah M Li
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, United States
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, United States
| | - Catalina M Yang
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, United States
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, United States
| | - Donald Holder
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, United States
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, United States
| | - Natalie E McClain
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, United States
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, United States
| | - Guofeng Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University, Stanford, United States
| | - Stephen W Evans
- Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University, Stanford, United States
| | - Mariya Chavarha
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, United States
| | - Jane Yi
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, United States
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, United States
| | - Christopher D Makinson
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, United States
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, United States
| | - Michael Z Lin
- Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University, Stanford, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, United States
| | - Attila Losonczy
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, United States
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, United States
- Kavli Institute for Brain Science, Columbia University, New York, United States
| | - Adrian Negrean
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, United States
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, United States
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23
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Zhao H, Xie J, Wu S, Zhao X, Sánchez OF, Min S, Rochet JC, Freeman JL, Yuan C. Elevated parkinsonism pathological markers in dopaminergic neurons with developmental exposure to atrazine. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 908:168307. [PMID: 37949145 PMCID: PMC10843769 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Atrazine (ATZ) is one of the most used herbicides in the US and a known endocrine disruptor. ATZ is frequently detected in drinking water, especially in Midwestern regions of the United States, exceeding the EPA regulation of maximum contamination level (MCL) of 3 ppb. Epidemiology studies have suggested an association between ATZ exposure and neurodegeneration. Less, however, is known about the neurotoxic mechanism of ATZ, particularly for exposures at a developmental stage. Here, we exposed floor plate progenitors (FPPs) derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) to low concentrations of ATZ at 0.3 and 3 ppb for two days followed by differentiation into dopaminergic (DA) neurons in ATZ-free medium. We then examined the morphology, activity, pathological protein aggregation, and transcriptomic changes of differentiated DA neurons. We observed significant decrease in the complexity of neurite network, increase of neuronal activity, and elevated tau- and α-synuclein (aSyn) pathologies after ATZ exposure. The ATZ-induced neuronal changes observed here align with pathological characteristics in Parkinson's disease (PD). Transcriptomic analysis further corroborates our findings; and collectively provides a strong evidence base that low-concentration ATZ exposure during development can elicit increased risk of neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhao
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States of America
| | - Junkai Xie
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States of America
| | - Shichen Wu
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States of America
| | - Xihui Zhao
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States of America
| | - Oscar F Sánchez
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States of America
| | - Sehong Min
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States of America
| | - Jean-Christophe Rochet
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States of America; Purdue Institute of Integrated Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States of America
| | - Jennifer L Freeman
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States of America; Purdue Institute of Integrated Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States of America
| | - Chongli Yuan
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States of America; Purdue Institute of Integrated Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States of America; Purdue Center of Cancer Research, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States of America.
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24
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Tabuchi M. Dynamic neuronal instability generates synaptic plasticity and behavior: Insights from Drosophila sleep. Neurosci Res 2024; 198:1-7. [PMID: 37385545 PMCID: PMC11033711 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2023.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
How do neurons encode the information that underlies cognition, internal states, and behavior? This review focuses on the neural circuit mechanisms underlying sleep in Drosophila and, to illustrate the power of addressing neural coding in this system, highlights a specific circuit mediating the circadian regulation of sleep quality. This circuit exhibits circadian cycling of sleep quality, which depends solely on the pattern (not the rate) of spiking. During the night, the stability of spike waveforms enhances the reliability of spike timing in these neurons to promote sleep quality. During the day, instability of the spike waveforms leads to uncertainty of spike timing, which remarkably produces synaptic plasticity to induce arousal. Investigation of the molecular and biophysical basis of these changes was greatly facilitated by its study in Drosophila, revealing direct connections between genes, molecules, spike biophysical properties, neural codes, synaptic plasticity, and behavior. Furthermore, because these patterns of neural activity change with aging, this model system holds promise for understanding the interplay between the circadian clock, aging, and sleep quality. It is proposed here that neurophysiological investigations of the Drosophila brain present an exceptional opportunity to tackle some of the most challenging questions related to neural coding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Tabuchi
- Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States.
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25
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Wang Z, Zhang J, Symvoulidis P, Guo W, Zhang L, Wilson MA, Boyden ES. Imaging the voltage of neurons distributed across entire brains of larval zebrafish. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.15.571964. [PMID: 38168290 PMCID: PMC10760087 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.15.571964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Neurons interact in networks distributed throughout the brain. Although much effort has focused on whole-brain calcium imaging, recent advances in genetically encoded voltage indicators (GEVIs) raise the possibility of imaging voltage of neurons distributed across brains. To achieve this, a microscope must image at high volumetric rate and signal-to-noise ratio. We present a remote scanning light-sheet microscope capable of imaging GEVI-expressing neurons distributed throughout entire brains of larval zebrafish at a volumetric rate of 200.8 Hz. We measured voltage of ∼1/3 of the neurons of the brain, distributed throughout. We observed that neurons firing at different times during a sequence were located at different brain locations, for sequences elicited by a visual stimulus, which mapped onto locations throughout the optic tectum, as well as during stimulus-independent bursts, which mapped onto locations in the cerebellum and medulla. Whole-brain voltage imaging may open up frontiers in the fundamental operation of neural systems.
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26
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Zhou ZC, Gordon-Fennell A, Piantadosi SC, Ji N, Smith SL, Bruchas MR, Stuber GD. Deep-brain optical recording of neural dynamics during behavior. Neuron 2023; 111:3716-3738. [PMID: 37804833 PMCID: PMC10843303 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
In vivo fluorescence recording techniques have produced landmark discoveries in neuroscience, providing insight into how single cell and circuit-level computations mediate sensory processing and generate complex behaviors. While much attention has been given to recording from cortical brain regions, deep-brain fluorescence recording is more complex because it requires additional measures to gain optical access to harder to reach brain nuclei. Here we discuss detailed considerations and tradeoffs regarding deep-brain fluorescence recording techniques and provide a comprehensive guide for all major steps involved, from project planning to data analysis. The goal is to impart guidance for new and experienced investigators seeking to use in vivo deep fluorescence optical recordings in awake, behaving rodent models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Charles Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Center for Neurobiology of Addiction, Pain, and Emotion, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Adam Gordon-Fennell
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Center for Neurobiology of Addiction, Pain, and Emotion, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Sean C Piantadosi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Center for Neurobiology of Addiction, Pain, and Emotion, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Na Ji
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Spencer LaVere Smith
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Michael R Bruchas
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Center for Neurobiology of Addiction, Pain, and Emotion, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| | - Garret D Stuber
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Center for Neurobiology of Addiction, Pain, and Emotion, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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27
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Leemann S, Schneider-Warme F, Kleinlogel S. Cardiac optogenetics: shining light on signaling pathways. Pflugers Arch 2023; 475:1421-1437. [PMID: 38097805 PMCID: PMC10730638 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-023-02892-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
In the early 2000s, the field of neuroscience experienced a groundbreaking transformation with the advent of optogenetics. This innovative technique harnesses the properties of naturally occurring and genetically engineered rhodopsins to confer light sensitivity upon target cells. The remarkable spatiotemporal precision offered by optogenetics has provided researchers with unprecedented opportunities to dissect cellular physiology, leading to an entirely new level of investigation. Initially revolutionizing neuroscience, optogenetics quickly piqued the interest of the wider scientific community, and optogenetic applications were expanded to cardiovascular research. Over the past decade, researchers have employed various optical tools to observe, regulate, and steer the membrane potential of excitable cells in the heart. Despite these advancements, achieving control over specific signaling pathways within the heart has remained an elusive goal. Here, we review the optogenetic tools suitable to control cardiac signaling pathways with a focus on GPCR signaling, and delineate potential applications for studying these pathways, both in healthy and diseased hearts. By shedding light on these exciting developments, we hope to contribute to the ongoing progress in basic cardiac research to facilitate the discovery of novel therapeutic possibilities for treating cardiovascular pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siri Leemann
- Institute of Physiology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
- Institute for Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, University Heart Center Freiburg - Bad Krozingen, and Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Franziska Schneider-Warme
- Institute for Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, University Heart Center Freiburg - Bad Krozingen, and Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sonja Kleinlogel
- Institute of Physiology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Translational Medicine Neuroscience, Basel, Switzerland
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28
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Lee CH, Park YK, Lee K. Recent strategies for neural dynamics observation at a larger scale and wider scope. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 240:115638. [PMID: 37647685 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
The tremendous technical progress in neuroscience offers opportunities to observe a more minor or/and broader dynamic picture of the brain. Moreover, the large-scale neural activity of individual neurons enables the dissection of detailed mechanistic links between neural populations and behaviors. To measure neural activity in-vivo, multi-neuron recording, and neuroimaging techniques are employed and developed to acquire more neurons. The tools introduced concurrently recorded dozens to hundreds of neurons in the coordinated brain regions and elucidated the neuronal ensembles from a massive population perspective of diverse neurons at cellular resolution. In particular, the increasing spatiotemporal resolution of neuronal monitoring across the whole brain dramatically facilitates our understanding of additional nervous system functions in health and disease. Here, we will introduce state-of-the-art neuroscience tools involving large-scale neural population recording and the long-range connections spanning multiple brain regions. Their synergic effects provide to clarify the controversial circuitry underlying neuroscience. These challenging neural tools present a promising outlook for the fundamental dynamic interplay across levels of synaptic cellular, circuit organization, and brain-wide. Hence, more observations of neural dynamics will provide more clues to elucidate brain functions and push forward innovative technology at the intersection of neural engineering disciplines. We hope this review will provide insight into the use or development of recent neural techniques considering spatiotemporal scales of brain observation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Hak Lee
- Department of Brain Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology (DGIST), Daegu, South Korea
| | - Young Kwon Park
- Department of Brain Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology (DGIST), Daegu, South Korea
| | - Kwang Lee
- Department of Brain Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology (DGIST), Daegu, South Korea.
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29
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Si D, Li Q, Bao Y, Zhang J, Wang L. Fluorogenic and Cell-Permeable Rhodamine Dyes for High-Contrast Live-Cell Protein Labeling in Bioimaging and Biosensing. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202307641. [PMID: 37483077 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202307641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
The advancement of fluorescence microscopy techniques has opened up new opportunities for visualizing proteins and unraveling their functions in living biological systems. Small-molecule organic dyes, which possess exceptional photophysical properties, small size, and high photostability, serve as powerful fluorescent reporters in protein imaging. However, achieving high-contrast live-cell labeling of target proteins with conventional organic dyes remains a considerable challenge in bioimaging and biosensing due to their inadequate cell permeability and high background signal. Over the past decade, a novel generation of fluorogenic and cell-permeable dyes has been developed, which have substantially improved live-cell protein labeling by fine-tuning the reversible equilibrium between a cell-permeable, nonfluorescent spirocyclic state (unbound) and a fluorescent zwitterion (protein-bound) of rhodamines. In this review, we present the mechanism and design strategies of these fluorogenic and cell-permeable rhodamines, as well as their applications in bioimaging and biosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongjuan Si
- School of Pharmacy, Endoscopy Center and Endoscopy Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Zhangheng Road 826, Shanghai, China
| | - Quanlin Li
- School of Pharmacy, Endoscopy Center and Endoscopy Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Zhangheng Road 826, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifan Bao
- School of Pharmacy, Endoscopy Center and Endoscopy Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Zhangheng Road 826, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingye Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Endoscopy Center and Endoscopy Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Zhangheng Road 826, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Endoscopy Center and Endoscopy Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Zhangheng Road 826, Shanghai, China
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30
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Ciabatti E, González-Rueda A, de Malmazet D, Lee H, Morgese F, Tripodi M. Genomic stability of self-inactivating rabies. eLife 2023; 12:e83459. [PMID: 37921437 PMCID: PMC10666929 DOI: 10.7554/elife.83459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Transsynaptic viral vectors provide means to gain genetic access to neurons based on synaptic connectivity and are essential tools for the dissection of neural circuit function. Among them, the retrograde monosynaptic ΔG-Rabies has been widely used in neuroscience research. A recently developed engineered version of the ΔG-Rabies, the non-toxic self-inactivating (SiR) virus, allows the long term genetic manipulation of neural circuits. However, the high mutational rate of the rabies virus poses a risk that mutations targeting the key genetic regulatory element in the SiR genome could emerge and revert it to a canonical ΔG-Rabies. Such revertant mutations have recently been identified in a SiR batch. To address the origin, incidence and relevance of these mutations, we investigated the genomic stability of SiR in vitro and in vivo. We found that "revertant" mutations are rare and accumulate only when SiR is extensively amplified in vitro, particularly in suboptimal production cell lines that have insufficient levels of TEV protease activity. Moreover, we confirmed that SiR-CRE, unlike canonical ΔG-Rab-CRE or revertant-SiR-CRE, is non-toxic and that revertant mutations do not emerge in vivo during long-term experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hassal Lee
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular BiologyCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Fabio Morgese
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular BiologyCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Marco Tripodi
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular BiologyCambridgeUnited Kingdom
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31
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Roland PE. How far neuroscience is from understanding brains. Front Syst Neurosci 2023; 17:1147896. [PMID: 37867627 PMCID: PMC10585277 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2023.1147896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The cellular biology of brains is relatively well-understood, but neuroscientists have not yet generated a theory explaining how brains work. Explanations of how neurons collectively operate to produce what brains can do are tentative and incomplete. Without prior assumptions about the brain mechanisms, I attempt here to identify major obstacles to progress in neuroscientific understanding of brains and central nervous systems. Most of the obstacles to our understanding are conceptual. Neuroscience lacks concepts and models rooted in experimental results explaining how neurons interact at all scales. The cerebral cortex is thought to control awake activities, which contrasts with recent experimental results. There is ambiguity distinguishing task-related brain activities from spontaneous activities and organized intrinsic activities. Brains are regarded as driven by external and internal stimuli in contrast to their considerable autonomy. Experimental results are explained by sensory inputs, behavior, and psychological concepts. Time and space are regarded as mutually independent variables for spiking, post-synaptic events, and other measured variables, in contrast to experimental results. Dynamical systems theory and models describing evolution of variables with time as the independent variable are insufficient to account for central nervous system activities. Spatial dynamics may be a practical solution. The general hypothesis that measurements of changes in fundamental brain variables, action potentials, transmitter releases, post-synaptic transmembrane currents, etc., propagating in central nervous systems reveal how they work, carries no additional assumptions. Combinations of current techniques could reveal many aspects of spatial dynamics of spiking, post-synaptic processing, and plasticity in insects and rodents to start with. But problems defining baseline and reference conditions hinder interpretations of the results. Furthermore, the facts that pooling and averaging of data destroy their underlying dynamics imply that single-trial designs and statistics are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Per E. Roland
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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32
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Jia BZ, Qi Y, Wong-Campos JD, Megason SG, Cohen AE. A bioelectrical phase transition patterns the first vertebrate heartbeats. Nature 2023; 622:149-155. [PMID: 37758945 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06561-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
A regular heartbeat is essential to vertebrate life. In the mature heart, this function is driven by an anatomically localized pacemaker. By contrast, pacemaking capability is broadly distributed in the early embryonic heart1-3, raising the question of how tissue-scale activity is first established and then maintained during embryonic development. The initial transition of the heart from silent to beating has never been characterized at the timescale of individual electrical events, and the structure in space and time of the early heartbeats remains poorly understood. Using all-optical electrophysiology, we captured the very first heartbeat of a zebrafish and analysed the development of cardiac excitability and conduction around this singular event. The first few beats appeared suddenly, had irregular interbeat intervals, propagated coherently across the primordial heart and emanated from loci that varied between animals and over time. The bioelectrical dynamics were well described by a noisy saddle-node on invariant circle bifurcation with action potential upstroke driven by CaV1.2. Our work shows how gradual and largely asynchronous development of single-cell bioelectrical properties produces a stereotyped and robust tissue-scale transition from quiescence to coordinated beating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bill Z Jia
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Systems, Synthetic and Quantitative Biology PhD Program, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Yitong Qi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - J David Wong-Campos
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sean G Megason
- Department of Systems Biology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Adam E Cohen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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33
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Eom M, Han S, Park P, Kim G, Cho ES, Sim J, Lee KH, Kim S, Tian H, Böhm UL, Lowet E, Tseng HA, Choi J, Lucia SE, Ryu SH, Rózsa M, Chang S, Kim P, Han X, Piatkevich KD, Choi M, Kim CH, Cohen AE, Chang JB, Yoon YG. Statistically unbiased prediction enables accurate denoising of voltage imaging data. Nat Methods 2023; 20:1581-1592. [PMID: 37723246 PMCID: PMC10555843 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-023-02005-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Here we report SUPPORT (statistically unbiased prediction utilizing spatiotemporal information in imaging data), a self-supervised learning method for removing Poisson-Gaussian noise in voltage imaging data. SUPPORT is based on the insight that a pixel value in voltage imaging data is highly dependent on its spatiotemporal neighboring pixels, even when its temporally adjacent frames alone do not provide useful information for statistical prediction. Such dependency is captured and used by a convolutional neural network with a spatiotemporal blind spot to accurately denoise voltage imaging data in which the existence of the action potential in a time frame cannot be inferred by the information in other frames. Through simulations and experiments, we show that SUPPORT enables precise denoising of voltage imaging data and other types of microscopy image while preserving the underlying dynamics within the scene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minho Eom
- School of Electrical Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungjae Han
- School of Electrical Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Pojeong Park
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Gyuri Kim
- School of Electrical Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Seo Cho
- School of Electrical Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jueun Sim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang-Han Lee
- Department of Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonghoon Kim
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - He Tian
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Urs L Böhm
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Einstein Center for Neurosciences, NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Charité University of Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eric Lowet
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hua-An Tseng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jieun Choi
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- KAIST Institute for Health Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Stephani Edwina Lucia
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- KAIST Institute for Health Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hyun Ryu
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Márton Rózsa
- Allen Institute for Neural Dynamics, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sunghoe Chang
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Pilhan Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- KAIST Institute for Health Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Xue Han
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kiryl D Piatkevich
- Research Center for Industries of the Future and School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, China
| | - Myunghwan Choi
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol-Hee Kim
- Department of Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Adam E Cohen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jae-Byum Chang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Gyu Yoon
- School of Electrical Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
- KAIST Institute for Health Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Semiconductor System Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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34
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Ouyang X, Jia N, Luo J, Li L, Xue J, Bu H, Xie G, Wan Y. DNA Nanoribbon-Assisted Intracellular Biosynthesis of Fluorescent Gold Nanoclusters for Cancer Cell Imaging. JACS AU 2023; 3:2566-2577. [PMID: 37772173 PMCID: PMC10523492 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Metal nanoclusters (NCs) have emerged as a promising class of fluorescent probes for cellular imaging due to their high resistance to photobleaching and low toxicity. Nevertheless, their widespread use in clinical diagnosis is limited by their unstable intracellular fluorescence. In this study, we develop an intracellularly biosynthesized fluorescent probe, DNA nanoribbon-gold NCs (DNR/AuNCs), for long-term cellular tracking. Our results show that DNR/AuNCs exhibit a 4-fold enhancement of intracellular fluorescence intensity compared to free AuNCs. We also investigated the mechanism underlying the fluorescence enhancement of AuNCs by DNRs. Our findings suggest that the higher synthesis efficiency and stability of AuNCs in the lysosome may contribute to their fluorescence enhancement, which enables long-term (up to 15 days) fluorescence imaging of cancer cells (enhancement of ∼60 times compared to free AuNCs). Furthermore, we observe similar results with other metal NCs, confirming the generality of the DNR-assisted biosynthesis approach for preparing highly bright and stable fluorescent metal NCs for cancer cell imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyuan Ouyang
- Xi’an
Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Structure and Materials,
Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of Ministry
of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710127, P. R. China
| | - Nan Jia
- Xi’an
Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Structure and Materials,
Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of Ministry
of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710127, P. R. China
| | - Jing Luo
- Key
Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China
(Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710069, PR China
| | - Le Li
- Xi’an
Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Structure and Materials,
Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of Ministry
of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710127, P. R. China
| | - Jiangshan Xue
- Key
Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China
(Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710069, PR China
| | - Huaiyu Bu
- Key
Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China
(Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710069, PR China
| | - Gang Xie
- Xi’an
Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Structure and Materials,
Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of Ministry
of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710127, P. R. China
| | - Ying Wan
- School
of Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing University
of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
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35
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Cai C, Dong C, Friedrich J, Rozsa M, Pnevmatikakis EA, Giovannucci A. FIOLA: an accelerated pipeline for fluorescence imaging online analysis. Nat Methods 2023; 20:1417-1425. [PMID: 37679524 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-023-01964-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Optical microscopy methods such as calcium and voltage imaging enable fast activity readout of large neuronal populations using light. However, the lack of corresponding advances in online algorithms has slowed progress in retrieving information about neural activity during or shortly after an experiment. This gap not only prevents the execution of real-time closed-loop experiments, but also hampers fast experiment-analysis-theory turnover for high-throughput imaging modalities. Reliable extraction of neural activity from fluorescence imaging frames at speeds compatible with indicator dynamics and imaging modalities poses a challenge. We therefore developed FIOLA, a framework for fluorescence imaging online analysis that extracts neuronal activity from calcium and voltage imaging movies at speeds one order of magnitude faster than state-of-the-art methods. FIOLA exploits algorithms optimized for parallel processing on GPUs and CPUs. We demonstrate reliable and scalable performance of FIOLA on both simulated and real calcium and voltage imaging datasets. Finally, we present an online experimental scenario to provide guidance in setting FIOLA parameters and to highlight the trade-offs of our approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changjia Cai
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering UNC/NCSU, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Cynthia Dong
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering UNC/NCSU, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Computer Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Marton Rozsa
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA
| | | | - Andrea Giovannucci
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering UNC/NCSU, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Closed-Loop Engineering for Advanced Rehabilitation (CLEAR), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
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36
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Hellweg L, Edenhofer A, Barck L, Huppertz MC, Frei MS, Tarnawski M, Bergner A, Koch B, Johnsson K, Hiblot J. A general method for the development of multicolor biosensors with large dynamic ranges. Nat Chem Biol 2023; 19:1147-1157. [PMID: 37291200 PMCID: PMC10449634 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-023-01350-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent biosensors enable the study of cell physiology with spatiotemporal resolution; yet, most biosensors suffer from relatively low dynamic ranges. Here, we introduce a family of designed Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) pairs with near-quantitative FRET efficiencies based on the reversible interaction of fluorescent proteins with a fluorescently labeled HaloTag. These FRET pairs enabled the straightforward design of biosensors for calcium, ATP and NAD+ with unprecedented dynamic ranges. The color of each of these biosensors can be readily tuned by changing either the fluorescent protein or the synthetic fluorophore, which enables simultaneous monitoring of free NAD+ in different subcellular compartments following genotoxic stress. Minimal modifications of these biosensors furthermore allow their readout to be switched to fluorescence intensity, fluorescence lifetime or bioluminescence. These FRET pairs thus establish a new concept for the development of highly sensitive and tunable biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Hellweg
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anna Edenhofer
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lucas Barck
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Magnus-Carsten Huppertz
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michelle S Frei
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Miroslaw Tarnawski
- Protein Expression and Characterization Facility, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andrea Bergner
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Birgit Koch
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kai Johnsson
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering (ISIC), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Julien Hiblot
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg, Germany.
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37
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Weber TD, Moya MV, Kılıç K, Mertz J, Economo MN. High-speed multiplane confocal microscopy for voltage imaging in densely labeled neuronal populations. Nat Neurosci 2023; 26:1642-1650. [PMID: 37604887 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-023-01408-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Genetically encoded voltage indicators (GEVIs) hold immense potential for monitoring neuronal population activity. To date, best-in-class GEVIs rely on one-photon excitation. However, GEVI imaging of dense neuronal populations remains difficult because out-of-focus background fluorescence produces low contrast and excess noise when paired with conventional one-photon widefield imaging methods. To address this challenge, we developed an imaging system capable of efficient, high-contrast GEVI imaging at near-kHz rates and demonstrate it for in vivo and ex vivo imaging applications in the mouse neocortex. Our approach uses simultaneous multiplane imaging to monitor activity within contiguous tissue volumes with no penalty in speed or requirement for high excitation power. This approach, multi-Z imaging with confocal detection (MuZIC), permits high signal-to-noise ratio voltage imaging in densely labeled neuronal populations and is compatible with imaging through micro-optics. Moreover, it minimizes artifacts associated with concurrent imaging and optogenetic photostimulation for all-optical electrophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy D Weber
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maria V Moya
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kıvılcım Kılıç
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Neurophotonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jerome Mertz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Neurophotonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael N Economo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
- Neurophotonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
- Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
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38
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Csillag V, Bizzozzero MH, Noble JC, Reinius B, Fuzik J. Voltage-Seq: all-optical postsynaptic connectome-guided single-cell transcriptomics. Nat Methods 2023; 20:1409-1416. [PMID: 37474808 PMCID: PMC10482676 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-023-01965-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the routing of neuronal information requires the functional characterization of connections. Neuronal projections recruit large postsynaptic ensembles with distinct postsynaptic response types (PRTs). PRT is typically probed by low-throughput whole-cell electrophysiology and is not a selection criterion for single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq). To overcome these limitations and target neurons based on specific PRTs for soma harvesting and subsequent scRNA-seq, we created Voltage-Seq. We established all-optical voltage imaging and recorded the PRT of 8,347 neurons in the mouse periaqueductal gray (PAG) evoked by the optogenetic activation of ventromedial hypothalamic (VMH) terminals. PRTs were classified and spatially resolved in the entire VMH-PAG connectome. We built an onsite analysis tool named VoltView to navigate soma harvesting towards target PRTs guided by a classifier that used the VMH-PAG connectome database as a reference. We demonstrated Voltage-seq by locating VMH-driven γ-aminobutyric acid-ergic neurons in the PAG, guided solely by the onsite classification in VoltView.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Csillag
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - J C Noble
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Björn Reinius
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - János Fuzik
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
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39
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Chai F, Cheng D, Nasu Y, Terai T, Campbell RE. Maximizing the performance of protein-based fluorescent biosensors. Biochem Soc Trans 2023; 51:1585-1595. [PMID: 37431791 PMCID: PMC10586770 DOI: 10.1042/bst20221413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent protein (FP)-based biosensors are genetically encoded tools that enable the imaging of biological processes in the context of cells, tissues, or live animals. Though widely used in biological research, practically all existing biosensors are far from ideal in terms of their performance, properties, and applicability for multiplexed imaging. These limitations have inspired researchers to explore an increasing number of innovative and creative ways to improve and maximize biosensor performance. Such strategies include new molecular biology methods to develop promising biosensor prototypes, high throughput microfluidics-based directed evolution screening strategies, and improved ways to perform multiplexed imaging. Yet another approach is to effectively replace components of biosensors with self-labeling proteins, such as HaloTag, that enable the biocompatible incorporation of synthetic fluorophores or other ligands in cells or tissues. This mini-review will summarize and highlight recent innovations and strategies for enhancing the performance of FP-based biosensors for multiplexed imaging to advance the frontiers of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu Chai
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Dazhou Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yusuke Nasu
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0075, Japan
| | - Takuya Terai
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Robert E. Campbell
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
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40
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Meng X, Ganapathy S, van Roemburg L, Post M, Brinks D. Voltage Imaging with Engineered Proton-Pumping Rhodopsins: Insights from the Proton Transfer Pathway. ACS PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY AU 2023; 3:320-333. [PMID: 37520318 PMCID: PMC10375888 DOI: 10.1021/acsphyschemau.3c00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Voltage imaging using genetically encoded voltage indicators (GEVIs) has taken the field of neuroscience by storm in the past decade. Its ability to create subcellular and network level readouts of electrical dynamics depends critically on the kinetics of the response to voltage of the indicator used. Engineered microbial rhodopsins form a GEVI subclass known for their high voltage sensitivity and fast response kinetics. Here we review the essential aspects of microbial rhodopsin photocycles that are critical to understanding the mechanisms of voltage sensitivity in these proteins and link them to insights from efforts to create faster, brighter and more sensitive microbial rhodopsin-based GEVIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Meng
- Department
of Imaging Physics, Delft University of
Technology, 2628 CJ Delft, The
Netherlands
| | - Srividya Ganapathy
- Department
of Imaging Physics, Delft University of
Technology, 2628 CJ Delft, The
Netherlands
- Department
of Pediatrics & Cellular and Molecular Medicine, UCSD School of Medicine, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Lars van Roemburg
- Department
of Imaging Physics, Delft University of
Technology, 2628 CJ Delft, The
Netherlands
| | - Marco Post
- Department
of Imaging Physics, Delft University of
Technology, 2628 CJ Delft, The
Netherlands
| | - Daan Brinks
- Department
of Imaging Physics, Delft University of
Technology, 2628 CJ Delft, The
Netherlands
- Department
of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University
Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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41
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Xiao S, Cunningham WJ, Kondabolu K, Lowet E, Moya MV, Mount R, Ravasio C, Economo MN, Han X, Mertz J. Large-scale deep tissue voltage imaging with targeted illumination confocal microscopy. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.21.548930. [PMID: 37502929 PMCID: PMC10370169 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.21.548930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Voltage imaging with cellular specificity has been made possible by the tremendous advances in genetically encoded voltage indicators (GEVIs). However, the kilohertz rates required for voltage imaging lead to weak signals. Moreover, out-of-focus fluorescence and tissue scattering produce background that both undermines signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and induces crosstalk between cells, making reliable in vivo imaging in densely labeled tissue highly challenging. We describe a microscope that combines the distinct advantages of targeted illumination and confocal gating, while also maximizing signal detection efficiency. The resulting benefits in SNR and crosstalk reduction are quantified experimentally and theoretically. Our microscope provides a versatile solution for enabling high-fidelity in vivo voltage imaging at large scales and penetration depths, which we demonstrate across a wide range of imaging conditions and different GEVI classes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Xiao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston MA 02215
| | | | | | - Eric Lowet
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston MA 02215
| | - Maria V. Moya
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston MA 02215
| | - Rebecca Mount
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston MA 02215
| | - Cara Ravasio
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston MA 02215
| | - Michael N. Economo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston MA 02215
- Neurophotonics Center, Boston University, Boston MA, 02215
| | - Xue Han
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston MA 02215
- Neurophotonics Center, Boston University, Boston MA, 02215
| | - Jerome Mertz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston MA 02215
- Neurophotonics Center, Boston University, Boston MA, 02215
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42
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Zheng Y, Li Y. Past, present, and future of tools for dopamine detection. Neuroscience 2023:S0306-4522(23)00295-6. [PMID: 37419404 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Dopamine (DA) is a critical neuromodulator involved in various brain functions. To understand how DA regulates neural circuits and behaviors in the physiological and pathological conditions, it is essential to have tools that enable the direct detection of DA dynamics in vivo. Recently, genetically encoded DA sensors based on G protein-coupled receptors revolutionized this field, as it allows us to track in vivo DA dynamic with unprecedented spatial-temporal resolution, high molecular specificity, and sub-second kinetics. In this review, we first summarize traditional DA detection methods. Then we focus on the development of genetically encoded DA sensors and feature its significance to understanding dopaminergic neuromodulation across diverse behaviors and species. Finally, we present our perspectives about the future direction of the next-generation DA sensors and extend their potential applications. Overall, this review offers a comprehensive perspective on the past, present, and future of DA detection tools, with important implications for the study of DA functions in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zheng
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, 100871 Beijing, China
| | - Yulong Li
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, 100871 Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences, 100871 Beijing, China; PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, 100871 Beijing, China; National Biomedical Imaging Center, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, China.
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43
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Platisa J, Ye X, Ahrens AM, Liu C, Chen IA, Davison IG, Tian L, Pieribone VA, Chen JL. High-speed low-light in vivo two-photon voltage imaging of large neuronal populations. Nat Methods 2023; 20:1095-1103. [PMID: 36973547 PMCID: PMC10894646 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-023-01820-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring spiking activity across large neuronal populations at behaviorally relevant timescales is critical for understanding neural circuit function. Unlike calcium imaging, voltage imaging requires kilohertz sampling rates that reduce fluorescence detection to near shot-noise levels. High-photon flux excitation can overcome photon-limited shot noise, but photobleaching and photodamage restrict the number and duration of simultaneously imaged neurons. We investigated an alternative approach aimed at low two-photon flux, which is voltage imaging below the shot-noise limit. This framework involved developing positive-going voltage indicators with improved spike detection (SpikeyGi and SpikeyGi2); a two-photon microscope ('SMURF') for kilohertz frame rate imaging across a 0.4 mm × 0.4 mm field of view; and a self-supervised denoising algorithm (DeepVID) for inferring fluorescence from shot-noise-limited signals. Through these combined advances, we achieved simultaneous high-speed deep-tissue imaging of more than 100 densely labeled neurons over 1 hour in awake behaving mice. This demonstrates a scalable approach for voltage imaging across increasing neuronal populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Platisa
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- The John B. Pierce Laboratory, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Xin Ye
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Neurophotonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Chang Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Ian G Davison
- Neurophotonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lei Tian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Neurophotonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vincent A Pieribone
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
- The John B. Pierce Laboratory, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Jerry L Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
- Neurophotonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
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44
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Tian H, Davis HC, Wong-Campos JD, Park P, Fan LZ, Gmeiner B, Begum S, Werley CA, Borja GB, Upadhyay H, Shah H, Jacques J, Qi Y, Parot V, Deisseroth K, Cohen AE. Video-based pooled screening yields improved far-red genetically encoded voltage indicators. Nat Methods 2023; 20:1082-1094. [PMID: 36624211 PMCID: PMC10329731 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-022-01743-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Video-based screening of pooled libraries is a powerful approach for directed evolution of biosensors because it enables selection along multiple dimensions simultaneously from large libraries. Here we develop a screening platform, Photopick, which achieves precise phenotype-activated photoselection over a large field of view (2.3 × 2.3 mm, containing >103 cells, per shot). We used the Photopick platform to evolve archaerhodopsin-derived genetically encoded voltage indicators (GEVIs) with improved signal-to-noise ratio (QuasAr6a) and kinetics (QuasAr6b). These GEVIs gave improved signals in cultured neurons and in live mouse brains. By combining targeted in vivo optogenetic stimulation with high-precision voltage imaging, we characterized inhibitory synaptic coupling between individual cortical NDNF (neuron-derived neurotrophic factor) interneurons, and excitatory electrical synapses between individual hippocampal parvalbumin neurons. The QuasAr6 GEVIs are powerful tools for all-optical electrophysiology and the Photopick approach could be adapted to evolve a broad range of biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Tian
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Hunter C Davis
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - J David Wong-Campos
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Pojeong Park
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Linlin Z Fan
- Department of Bioengineering, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin Gmeiner
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Shahinoor Begum
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yitong Qi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Vicente Parot
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Institute for Biological and Medical Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Karl Deisseroth
- Department of Bioengineering, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MA, USA
| | - Adam E Cohen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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45
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Bowman AJ, Huang C, Schnitzer MJ, Kasevich MA. Wide-field fluorescence lifetime imaging of neuron spiking and subthreshold activity in vivo. Science 2023; 380:1270-1275. [PMID: 37347862 PMCID: PMC10361454 DOI: 10.1126/science.adf9725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
The development of voltage-sensitive fluorescent probes suggests fluorescence lifetime as a promising readout for electrical activity in biological systems. Existing approaches fail to achieve the speed and sensitivity required for voltage imaging in neuroscience applications. We demonstrated that wide-field electro-optic fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (EO-FLIM) allows lifetime imaging at kilohertz frame-acquisition rates, spatially resolving action potential propagation and subthreshold neural activity in live adult Drosophila. Lifetime resolutions of <5 picoseconds at 1 kilohertz were achieved for single-cell voltage recordings. Lifetime readout is limited by photon shot noise, and the method provides strong rejection of motion artifacts and technical noise sources. Recordings revealed local transmembrane depolarizations, two types of spikes with distinct fluorescence lifetimes, and phase locking of spikes to an external mechanical stimulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J. Bowman
- Physics Department, Stanford University; 382 Via Pueblo Mall, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Cheng Huang
- James H. Clark Center, Stanford University; 318 Campus Dr., Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Present Address: Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Mark J. Schnitzer
- James H. Clark Center, Stanford University; 318 Campus Dr., Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- CNC Program, Stanford University; Stanford, CA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University; Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Mark A. Kasevich
- Physics Department, Stanford University; 382 Via Pueblo Mall, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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46
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Aseyev N, Ivanova V, Balaban P, Nikitin E. Current Practice in Using Voltage Imaging to Record Fast Neuronal Activity: Successful Examples from Invertebrate to Mammalian Studies. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:648. [PMID: 37367013 DOI: 10.3390/bios13060648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
The optical imaging of neuronal activity with potentiometric probes has been credited with being able to address key questions in neuroscience via the simultaneous recording of many neurons. This technique, which was pioneered 50 years ago, has allowed researchers to study the dynamics of neural activity, from tiny subthreshold synaptic events in the axon and dendrites at the subcellular level to the fluctuation of field potentials and how they spread across large areas of the brain. Initially, synthetic voltage-sensitive dyes (VSDs) were applied directly to brain tissue via staining, but recent advances in transgenic methods now allow the expression of genetically encoded voltage indicators (GEVIs), specifically in selected neuron types. However, voltage imaging is technically difficult and limited by several methodological constraints that determine its applicability in a given type of experiment. The prevalence of this method is far from being comparable to patch clamp voltage recording or similar routine methods in neuroscience research. There are more than twice as many studies on VSDs as there are on GEVIs. As can be seen from the majority of the papers, most of them are either methodological ones or reviews. However, potentiometric imaging is able to address key questions in neuroscience by recording most or many neurons simultaneously, thus providing unique information that cannot be obtained via other methods. Different types of optical voltage indicators have their advantages and limitations, which we focus on in detail. Here, we summarize the experience of the scientific community in the application of voltage imaging and try to evaluate the contribution of this method to neuroscience research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolay Aseyev
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Butlerova 5A, Moscow 117485, Russia
| | - Violetta Ivanova
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Butlerova 5A, Moscow 117485, Russia
| | - Pavel Balaban
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Butlerova 5A, Moscow 117485, Russia
| | - Evgeny Nikitin
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Butlerova 5A, Moscow 117485, Russia
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47
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Megwa OF, Pascual LM, Günay C, Pulver SR, Prinz AA. Temporal dynamics of Na/K pump mediated memory traces: insights from conductance-based models of Drosophila neurons. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1154549. [PMID: 37284663 PMCID: PMC10239822 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1154549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Sodium potassium ATPases (Na/K pumps) mediate long-lasting, dynamic cellular memories that can last tens of seconds. The mechanisms controlling the dynamics of this type of cellular memory are not well understood and can be counterintuitive. Here, we use computational modeling to examine how Na/K pumps and the ion concentration dynamics they influence shape cellular excitability. In a Drosophila larval motor neuron model, we incorporate a Na/K pump, a dynamic intracellular Na+ concentration, and a dynamic Na+ reversal potential. We probe neuronal excitability with a variety of stimuli, including step currents, ramp currents, and zap currents, then monitor the sub- and suprathreshold voltage responses on a range of time scales. We find that the interactions of a Na+-dependent pump current with a dynamic Na+ concentration and reversal potential endow the neuron with rich response properties that are absent when the role of the pump is reduced to the maintenance of constant ion concentration gradients. In particular, these dynamic pump-Na+ interactions contribute to spike rate adaptation and result in long-lasting excitability changes after spiking and even after sub-threshold voltage fluctuations on multiple time scales. We further show that modulation of pump properties can profoundly alter a neuron's spontaneous activity and response to stimuli by providing a mechanism for bursting oscillations. Our work has implications for experimental studies and computational modeling of the role of Na/K pumps in neuronal activity, information processing in neural circuits, and the neural control of animal behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Obinna F. Megwa
- Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | | | - Cengiz Günay
- School of Science and Technology, Georgia Gwinnett College, Lawrenceville, GA, United States
| | - Stefan R. Pulver
- School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom
| | - Astrid A. Prinz
- Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
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48
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Abdelfattah AS, Zheng J, Singh A, Huang YC, Reep D, Tsegaye G, Tsang A, Arthur BJ, Rehorova M, Olson CVL, Shuai Y, Zhang L, Fu TM, Milkie DE, Moya MV, Weber TD, Lemire AL, Baker CA, Falco N, Zheng Q, Grimm JB, Yip MC, Walpita D, Chase M, Campagnola L, Murphy GJ, Wong AM, Forest CR, Mertz J, Economo MN, Turner GC, Koyama M, Lin BJ, Betzig E, Novak O, Lavis LD, Svoboda K, Korff W, Chen TW, Schreiter ER, Hasseman JP, Kolb I. Sensitivity optimization of a rhodopsin-based fluorescent voltage indicator. Neuron 2023; 111:1547-1563.e9. [PMID: 37015225 PMCID: PMC10280807 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
The ability to optically image cellular transmembrane voltages at millisecond-timescale resolutions can offer unprecedented insight into the function of living brains in behaving animals. Here, we present a point mutation that increases the sensitivity of Ace2 opsin-based voltage indicators. We use the mutation to develop Voltron2, an improved chemigeneic voltage indicator that has a 65% higher sensitivity to single APs and 3-fold higher sensitivity to subthreshold potentials than Voltron. Voltron2 retained the sub-millisecond kinetics and photostability of its predecessor, although with lower baseline fluorescence. In multiple in vitro and in vivo comparisons with its predecessor across multiple species, we found Voltron2 to be more sensitive to APs and subthreshold fluctuations. Finally, we used Voltron2 to study and evaluate the possible mechanisms of interneuron synchronization in the mouse hippocampus. Overall, we have discovered a generalizable mutation that significantly increases the sensitivity of Ace2 rhodopsin-based sensors, improving their voltage reporting capability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jihong Zheng
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA; GENIE Project Team, Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA
| | - Amrita Singh
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA
| | - Yi-Chieh Huang
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Daniel Reep
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA; GENIE Project Team, Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA
| | - Getahun Tsegaye
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA; GENIE Project Team, Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA
| | - Arthur Tsang
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA; GENIE Project Team, Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA
| | - Benjamin J Arthur
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA
| | - Monika Rehorova
- Department of Physiology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Carl V L Olson
- Department of Physiology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Yichun Shuai
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA
| | - Lixia Zhang
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA
| | - Tian-Ming Fu
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA
| | - Daniel E Milkie
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA
| | - Maria V Moya
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Timothy D Weber
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew L Lemire
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA
| | | | - Natalie Falco
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA
| | - Qinsi Zheng
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA
| | - Jonathan B Grimm
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA
| | - Mighten C Yip
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Deepika Walpita
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Allan M Wong
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA; GENIE Project Team, Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA
| | - Craig R Forest
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jerome Mertz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael N Economo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Glenn C Turner
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA; GENIE Project Team, Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA
| | - Minoru Koyama
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA
| | - Bei-Jung Lin
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Eric Betzig
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA; Departments of Molecular and Cell Biology and Physics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA; Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Ondrej Novak
- Department of Physiology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Luke D Lavis
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA
| | - Karel Svoboda
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA
| | - Wyatt Korff
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA; GENIE Project Team, Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA
| | - Tsai-Wen Chen
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Eric R Schreiter
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA; GENIE Project Team, Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA.
| | - Jeremy P Hasseman
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA; GENIE Project Team, Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA.
| | - Ilya Kolb
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA; GENIE Project Team, Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA.
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49
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Fan CH, Tsai HC, Tsai YS, Wang HC, Lin YC, Chiang PH, Wu N, Chou MH, Ho YJ, Lin ZH, Yeh CK. Selective Activation of Cells by Piezoelectric Molybdenum Disulfide Nanosheets with Focused Ultrasound. ACS NANO 2023; 17:9140-9154. [PMID: 37163347 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c12438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
An accurate method for neural stimulation within the brain could be very useful for treating brain circuit dysfunctions and neurological disorders. With the aim of developing such a method, this study investigated the use of piezoelectric molybdenum disulfide nanosheets (MoS2 NS) to remotely convert ultrasound energy into localized electrical stimulation in vitro and in vivo. The application of ultrasound to cells surrounding MoS2 NS required only a single pulse of 2 MHz ultrasound (400 kPa, 1,000,000 cycles, and 500 ms pulse duration) to elicit significant responses in 37.9 ± 7.4% of cells in terms of fluxes of calcium ions without detectable cellular damage. The proportion of responsive cells was mainly influenced by the acoustic pressure, number of ultrasound cycles, and concentration of MoS2 NS. Tests using appropriate blockers revealed that voltage-gated membrane channels were activated. In vivo data suggested that, with ultrasound stimulation, neurons closest to the MoS2 NS were 3-fold more likely to present c-Fos expression than cells far from the NS. The successful activation of neurons surrounding MoS2 NS suggests that this represents a method with high spatial precision for selectively modulating one or several targeted brain circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Hsiang Fan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City 701401, Taiwan
- Medical Device Innovation Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City 701401, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Chieh Tsai
- Division of Neurosurgery, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City 333423, Taiwan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Sheng Tsai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City 300044, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Chu Wang
- Department of Medical Science, Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City 300044, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chun Lin
- Department of Medical Science, Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City 300044, Taiwan
| | - Po-Han Chiang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu City 30010, Taiwan
| | - Nan Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City 300044, Taiwan
| | - Min-Hwa Chou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City 300044, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ju Ho
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu City 30010, Taiwan
| | - Zong-Hong Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Kuang Yeh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City 300044, Taiwan
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50
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Kiral FR, Cakir B, Tanaka Y, Kim J, Yang WS, Wehbe F, Kang YJ, Zhong M, Sancer G, Lee SH, Xiang Y, Park IH. Generation of ventralized human thalamic organoids with thalamic reticular nucleus. Cell Stem Cell 2023; 30:677-688.e5. [PMID: 37019105 PMCID: PMC10329908 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2023.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Human brain organoids provide unique platforms for modeling several aspects of human brain development and pathology. However, current brain organoid systems mostly lack the resolution to recapitulate the development of finer brain structures with subregional identity, including functionally distinct nuclei in the thalamus. Here, we report a method for converting human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) into ventral thalamic organoids (vThOs) with transcriptionally diverse nuclei identities. Notably, single-cell RNA sequencing revealed previously unachieved thalamic patterning with a thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN) signature, a GABAergic nucleus located in the ventral thalamus. Using vThOs, we explored the functions of TRN-specific, disease-associated genes patched domain containing 1 (PTCHD1) and receptor tyrosine-protein kinase (ERBB4) during human thalamic development. Perturbations in PTCHD1 or ERBB4 impaired neuronal functions in vThOs, albeit not affecting the overall thalamic lineage development. Together, vThOs present an experimental model for understanding nuclei-specific development and pathology in the thalamus of the human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferdi Ridvan Kiral
- Department of Genetics, Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Bilal Cakir
- Department of Genetics, Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Yoshiaki Tanaka
- Department of Medicine, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H1T 2M4, Canada
| | - Jonghun Kim
- Department of Genetics, Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Woo Sub Yang
- Department of Genetics, Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Fabien Wehbe
- Department of Medicine, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H1T 2M4, Canada
| | - Young-Jin Kang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Mei Zhong
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Gizem Sancer
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Sang-Hun Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Yangfei Xiang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China.
| | - In-Hyun Park
- Department of Genetics, Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
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