1
|
Hejazi NS, Duncan WC, Kheirkhah M, Kowalczyk A, Riedner B, Oppenheimer M, Momenan R, Yuan Q, Kerich M, Goldman D, Zarate CA. Sleep Delta power, age, and sex effects in treatment-resistant depression. J Psychiatr Res 2024; 174:332-339. [PMID: 38697012 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Electroencephalographic (EEG) deficits in slow wave activity or Delta power (0.5-4 Hz) indicate disturbed sleep homeostasis and are hallmarks of depression. Sleep homeostasis is linked to restorative sleep and potential antidepressant response via non-rapid eye movement (NREM) slow wave sleep (SWS) during which neurons undergo essential repair and rejuvenation. Decreased Low Delta power (0.5-2 Hz) was previously reported in individuals with depression. This study investigated power levels in the Low Delta (0.5-<2 Hz), High Delta (2-4 Hz), and Total Delta (0.5-4 Hz) bands and their association with age, sex, and disrupted sleep in treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Mann-Whitney U tests were used to compare the nightly progressions of Total Delta, Low Delta, and High Delta in 100 individuals with TRD and 24 healthy volunteers (HVs). Polysomnographic parameters were also examined, including Total Sleep Time (TST), Sleep Efficiency (SE), and Wake after Sleep Onset (WASO). Individuals with TRD had lower Delta power during the first NREM episode (NREM1) than HVs. The deficiency was observed in the Low Delta band versus High Delta. Females with TRD had higher Delta power than males during the first NREM1 episode, with the most noticeable sex difference observed in Low Delta. In individuals with TRD, Low Delta power correlated with WASO and SE, and High Delta correlated with WASO. Low Delta power deficits in NREM1 were observed in older males with TRD, but not females. These results provide compelling evidence for a link between age, sex, Low Delta power, sleep homeostasis, and non-restorative sleep in TRD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadia S Hejazi
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Wallace C Duncan
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mina Kheirkhah
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Amanda Kowalczyk
- Computational Biology Department, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Brady Riedner
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA
| | - Mark Oppenheimer
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Reza Momenan
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Qiaoping Yuan
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mike Kerich
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David Goldman
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Carlos A Zarate
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wilson DA, Sullivan RM, Smiley JF, Saito M, Raineki C. Developmental alcohol exposure is exhausting: Sleep and the enduring consequences of alcohol exposure during development. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 158:105567. [PMID: 38309498 PMCID: PMC10923002 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Prenatal alcohol exposure is the leading nongenetic cause of human intellectual impairment. The long-term impacts of prenatal alcohol exposure on health and well-being are diverse, including neuropathology leading to behavioral, cognitive, and emotional impairments. Additionally negative effects also occur on the physiological level, such as the endocrine, cardiovascular, and immune systems. Among these diverse impacts is sleep disruption. In this review, we describe how prenatal alcohol exposure affects sleep, and potential mechanisms of those effects. Furthermore, we outline the evidence that sleep disruption across the lifespan may be a mediator of some cognitive and behavioral impacts of developmental alcohol exposure, and thus may represent a promising target for treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Donald A Wilson
- Emotional Brain Institute, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Regina M Sullivan
- Emotional Brain Institute, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - John F Smiley
- Division of Neurochemistry, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA; Department of Psychiatry, New York University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mariko Saito
- Division of Neurochemistry, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA; Department of Psychiatry, New York University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Charlis Raineki
- Department of Psychology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada; Centre for Neuroscience, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Huang L, Zhu W, Li N, Zhang B, Dai W, Li S, Xu H. Functions and mechanisms of adenosine and its receptors in sleep regulation. Sleep Med 2024; 115:210-217. [PMID: 38373361 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2024.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Sleep is a natural and recurring state of life. Long-term insomnia can lead to physical and mental fatigue, inattention, memory loss, anxiety, depression and other symptoms, imposing immense public health and economic burden worldwide. The sleep and awakening regulation system is composed of many nerve nuclei and neurotransmitters in the brain, and it forms a neural network that interacts and restricts each other to regulate the occurrence and maintenance of sleep-wake. Adenosine (AD) is a neurotransmitter in the central nervous system and a driver of sleep. Meanwhile, the functions and mechanisms underlying sleep-promoting effects of adenosine and its receptors are still not entirely clear. However, in recent years, the increasing evidence indicated that adenosine can promote sleep through inhibiting arousal system and activating sleep-promoting system. At the same time, astrocyte-derived adenosine in modulating sleep homeostasis and sleep loss-induced related cognitive and memory deficits plays an important role. This review, therefore, summarizes the current research on the functions and possible mechanisms of adenosine and its receptors in the regulation of sleep and homeostatic control of sleep. Understanding these aspects will provide us better ideas on clinical problems such as insomnia, hypersomnia and other sleep disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lishan Huang
- Geriatric Department, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
| | - Wenwen Zhu
- Geriatric Department, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
| | - Nanxi Li
- Geriatric Department, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
| | - Bin Zhang
- Geriatric Department, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
| | - Wenbin Dai
- Geriatric Department, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
| | - Sen Li
- Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, China.
| | - Houping Xu
- Geriatric Department, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Aeschbach D, Cohen DA, Lockyer BJ, Chellappa SL, Klerman EB. Spontaneous attentional failures reflect multiplicative interactions of chronic sleep loss with acute sleep loss and circadian misalignment. Sleep Health 2024; 10:S89-S95. [PMID: 37689503 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2023.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Acute and chronic sleep loss and circadian timing interact such that, depending on their combination, small or very large performance decrements are observed in tasks of attention. Here, we tested whether such nonlinear interactions extend to a physiological measure of spontaneous visual attentional failures, indicating a fundamental principle of sleep-wake regulation. METHODS Nine healthy volunteers completed an in-laboratory 3-week forced desynchrony protocol consisting of 12 consecutive 42.85-hour cycles with a sleep-wake ratio of 1:3.3. The protocol induced increasing chronic sleep loss, while extended wake (32.85 hours) and sleep episodes (10 hours) occurred at multiple circadian phases. Attentional failure rate was quantified from continuous electrooculograms (number of 30-second epochs with slow eye movements/h of wakefulness) as a function of time since scheduled wake (acute sleep loss), week of study (chronic sleep loss), and circadian (melatonin) phase. RESULTS During the first ∼8 hours awake, attentional failure rate was low, irrespective of the week. During the following wake hours, attentional failure rate increased steadily but at a faster rate in weeks 2 and 3 compared to week 1. The effects of acute and chronic sleep loss on attentional failure rate were magnified during the biological night compared to the biological day. CONCLUSIONS A single extended sleep episode can only temporarily reverse attentional impairment associated with chronic sleep loss. Multiplicative effects of acute and chronic sleep loss-further amplified during the biological night-substantiate the interaction of 2 homeostatic response mechanisms and caution against underestimating their disproportionate combined impact on performance, health, and safety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Aeschbach
- Department of Sleep and Human Factors Research, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center, Cologne, Germany; Institute of Experimental Epileptology and Cognition Research, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany; Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
| | - Daniel A Cohen
- Department of Neurology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
| | - Brandon J Lockyer
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sarah L Chellappa
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Elizabeth B Klerman
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Cajochen C, Reichert CF, Münch M, Gabel V, Stefani O, Chellappa SL, Schmidt C. Ultradian sleep cycles: Frequency, duration, and associations with individual and environmental factors-A retrospective study. Sleep Health 2024; 10:S52-S62. [PMID: 37914631 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2023.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sleep varies between individuals in response to sleep-wake history and various environmental factors, including light and noise. Here we report on the intranight variation of the ultradian nonrapid eye movement-rapid eye movement (NREM-REM) sleep cycle in 369 participants who have contributed to different laboratory studies from 1994 to 2020 at the Centre for Chronobiology, Basel, Switzerland. RESULTS We observed a large interindividual variability in sleep cycle duration, including NREM and REM sleep episodes in healthy participants who were given an 8-hour sleep opportunity at habitual bedtime in controlled laboratory settings. The median sleep cycle duration was 96 minutes out of 6064 polysomnographically-recorded cycles. The number and duration of cycles were not normally distributed, and the distribution became narrower for NREM sleep and wider for REM sleep later in the night. The first cycle was consistently shorter than subsequent cycles, and moderate presleep light or nocturnal noise exposure had no significant effects on ultradian sleep cycle duration. Age and sex significantly affected NREM and REM sleep duration, with older individuals having longer NREM and shorter REM sleep particularly in the end of the night, and females having longer NREM sleep episodes. High sleep pressure (ie, sleep deprivation) and low sleep pressure (ie, multiple naps) altered ultradian sleep cycles, with high sleep pressure leading to longer NREM sleep in the first cycle, and low sleep pressure leading to longer REM sleep episodes. Positive correlations were observed between N2 and NREM duration, and between N1 and REM duration. Weak intrasleep REM sleep homeostasis was also evident in our data set. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that ultradian sleep cycles are endogenous biological rhythms modulated by age, sex, and sleep homeostasis, but not directly responsive to (moderate levels of) environmental cues in healthy good sleepers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Cajochen
- Centre for Chronobiology, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Research Cluster Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences (MCN), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Carolin Franziska Reichert
- Centre for Chronobiology, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Research Cluster Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences (MCN), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mirjam Münch
- Centre for Chronobiology, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Research Cluster Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences (MCN), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Oliver Stefani
- Centre for Chronobiology, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Research Cluster Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences (MCN), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Laxhmi Chellappa
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Christina Schmidt
- Sleep & Chronobiology Group, GIGA-CRC-In Vivo Imaging Research Unit, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; Psychology and Neuroscience of Cognition Research Unit (PsyNCog), Faculty of Psychology, Speech and Language, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang S, Liu L, Liang S, Yang J, Zhang Y, Liu X. Effects of BXSMD on ESR1 and ESR2 expression in CSD female mice. J Ethnopharmacol 2024; 318:116973. [PMID: 37517566 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
ETHNIC PHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Due to the rapid pace of modern society, chronic insomnia has become universal phenomenon. In China, Banxia Shumi Decoction (BXSMD) has been used in treating chronic insomnia for thousands of years, but its chemical composition and action mechanism are still unknown. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aims to explore the chemical composition of BXSMD and its effects on Estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1) and Estrogen receptor 2 (ESR2) in mice with chronic sleep deprivation (CSD). MATERIALS AND METHODS UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS/MS was applied in determining the chemical composition of BXSMD. After 21-day sleep deprivation (SD) in platform water environment, CSD mice model was prepared. By conducting open field test, 24-h autonomic diurnal and nocturnal activity of mice in each group was detected. ELISA was employed to measure the contents of 5-HT, DA, NE, GABA, Glu, and MT. With RT-PCR, Western blot (WB), and immunohistochemistry (IHC), mRNA and protein expressions of ESR1 and ESR2 in the hypothalamus and hippocampus were tested. RESULTS BXSMD included ferulic acid, kaverol, daidzein, apigenin, berberine, adenosine, aesculin, vanillin, naringin, and glycine, which might constitute the material basis forthe improvement of chronic insomnia. With BXSMD, the total moving distance and the rest time in dark period of CSD mice were shortened, while its rest time in light period was increased. Besides, BXSMD enhanced the contents of 5-HT, GABA, and MT in CSD mice, and decreased the contents of Glu, NE, and DA. BXSMD elevated the mRNA of Esr1 and Esr2, and elevated the protein expressions of ESR1 and ESR2 in the hypothalamus and hippocampus of CSD mice. CONCLUSIONS BXSMD contains various chemical components for sleep-wake regulation, with the mechanism of stimulating estrogen signaling pathway by regulating the expressions of ESR1 and ESR2, ultimately realizing the regulation to sleep-wake disorder caused by CSD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shujun Wang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Leilei Liu
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Shuzhi Liang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Jinni Yang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, Shandong Province, PR China.
| | - Xijian Liu
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, Shandong Province, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tabuchi M. Dynamic neuronal instability generates synaptic plasticity and behavior: Insights from Drosophila sleep. Neurosci Res 2024; 198:1-7. [PMID: 37385545 PMCID: PMC11033711 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2023.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
How do neurons encode the information that underlies cognition, internal states, and behavior? This review focuses on the neural circuit mechanisms underlying sleep in Drosophila and, to illustrate the power of addressing neural coding in this system, highlights a specific circuit mediating the circadian regulation of sleep quality. This circuit exhibits circadian cycling of sleep quality, which depends solely on the pattern (not the rate) of spiking. During the night, the stability of spike waveforms enhances the reliability of spike timing in these neurons to promote sleep quality. During the day, instability of the spike waveforms leads to uncertainty of spike timing, which remarkably produces synaptic plasticity to induce arousal. Investigation of the molecular and biophysical basis of these changes was greatly facilitated by its study in Drosophila, revealing direct connections between genes, molecules, spike biophysical properties, neural codes, synaptic plasticity, and behavior. Furthermore, because these patterns of neural activity change with aging, this model system holds promise for understanding the interplay between the circadian clock, aging, and sleep quality. It is proposed here that neurophysiological investigations of the Drosophila brain present an exceptional opportunity to tackle some of the most challenging questions related to neural coding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Tabuchi
- Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Reynolds CM, Short MA, Kahn M, Richardson C, Heath M, Whittall H, Lack L, Gradisar M. Development of evening sleep homeostatic pressure in early adolescent boys. Sleep Med 2023; 110:54-59. [PMID: 37536212 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2023.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
The physiological processes governing sleep regulation show maturational changes during adolescent development. To date, data are available to specify when delays in circadian timing occur; however, no longitudinal data exist to characterize the maturation of the accumulation of sleep pressure across the evening. The aim of this longitudinal study was to test whether this change in evening sleep propensity can be identified during early adolescence. Twenty pre-pubescent boys' (Mage = 10.3, SD = 0.4 years) evening sleep homeostats were assessed using a series of sleep latency tests every hour (7:30 p.m. to 3:30 a.m.) at 6-month intervals across four waves. While results revealed shorter sleep onset latencies with increasing wakefulness (p < .001), this effect was not moderated by study wave (p = .79). Evening sleep propensity thus appears to remain stable in boys during early adolescence. Future studies should expand upon these findings by using larger samples of girls as well as boys across an extended age range during the teenage years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea M Reynolds
- Flinders University, College of Education, Psychology & Social Work, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
| | - Michelle A Short
- Flinders University, College of Education, Psychology & Social Work, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Michal Kahn
- Tel Aviv University, School of Psychological Sciences, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Cele Richardson
- Flinders University, College of Education, Psychology & Social Work, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; University of Western Australia, School of Psychological Science, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Melanie Heath
- Flinders University, College of Education, Psychology & Social Work, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Hannah Whittall
- Flinders University, College of Education, Psychology & Social Work, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Leon Lack
- Flinders University, College of Education, Psychology & Social Work, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Michael Gradisar
- Wink Sleep Pty Ltd, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Sleep Cycle AB, Gothenburg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hartmann C, Kempf A. Mitochondrial control of sleep. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2023; 81:102733. [PMID: 37390796 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2023.102733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
The function of sleep remains one of biology's biggest mysteries. A solution to this problem is likely to come from a better understanding of sleep homeostasis, and in particular of the cellular and molecular processes that sense sleep need and settle sleep debt. Here, we highlight recent work in the fruit fly showing that changes in the mitochondrial redox state of sleep-promoting neurons lie at the heart of a homeostatic sleep-regulatory mechanism. Since the function of homeostatically controlled behaviours is often linked to the regulated variable itself, these findings corroborate with the hypothesis that sleep serves a metabolic function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Celina Hartmann
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anissa Kempf
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Benoit E, Lyons DG, Rihel J. Noradrenergic tone is not required for neuronal activity-induced rebound sleep in zebrafish. J Comp Physiol B 2023:10.1007/s00360-023-01504-6. [PMID: 37480493 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-023-01504-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Sleep pressure builds during wakefulness, but the mechanisms underlying this homeostatic process are poorly understood. One zebrafish model suggests that sleep pressure increases as a function of global neuronal activity, such as during sleep deprivation or acute exposure to drugs that induce widespread brain activation. Given that the arousal-promoting noradrenergic system is important for maintaining heightened neuronal activity during wakefulness, we hypothesised that genetic and pharmacological reduction of noradrenergic tone during drug-induced neuronal activation would dampen subsequent rebound sleep in zebrafish larvae. During stimulant drug treatment, dampening noradrenergic tone with the α2-adrenoceptor agonist clonidine unexpectedly enhanced subsequent rebound sleep, whereas enhancing noradrenergic signalling with a cocktail of α1- and β-adrenoceptor agonists did not enhance rebound sleep. Similarly, CRISPR/Cas9-mediated elimination of the dopamine β-hydroxylase (dbh) gene, which encodes an enzyme required for noradrenalin synthesis, enhanced baseline sleep in larvae but did not prevent additional rebound sleep following acute induction of neuronal activity. Across all drug conditions, c-fos expression immediately after drug exposure correlated strongly with the amount of induced rebound sleep, but was inversely related to the strength of noradrenergic modulatory tone. These results are consistent with a model in which increases in neuronal activity, as reflected by brain-wide levels of c-fos induction, drive a sleep pressure signal that promotes rebound sleep independently of noradrenergic tone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor Benoit
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Declan G Lyons
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Jason Rihel
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Lanza G, Fisicaro F, Cantone M, Pennisi M, Cosentino FII, Lanuzza B, Tripodi M, Bella R, Paulus W, Ferri R. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in primary sleep disorders. Sleep Med Rev 2023; 67:101735. [PMID: 36563570 DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2022.101735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a widely used non-invasive neuromodulatory technique. When applied in sleep medicine, the main hypothesis explaining its effects concerns the modulation of synaptic plasticity and the strength of connections between the brain areas involved in sleep disorders. Recently, there has been a significant increase in the publication of rTMS studies in primary sleep disorders. A multi-database-based search converges on the evidence that rTMS is safe and feasible in chronic insomnia, obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS), restless legs syndrome (RLS), and sleep deprivation-related cognitive deficits, whereas limited or no data are available for narcolepsy, sleep bruxism, and REM sleep behavior disorder. Regarding efficacy, the stimulation of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex bilaterally, right parietal cortex, and dominant primary motor cortex (M1) in insomnia, as well as the stimulation of M1 leg area bilaterally, left primary somatosensory cortex, and left M1 in RLS reduced subjective symptoms and severity scale scores, with effects lasting for up to weeks; conversely, no relevant effect was observed in OSAS and narcolepsy. Nevertheless, several limitations especially regarding the stimulation protocols need to be considered. This review should be viewed as a step towards the further contribution of individually tailored neuromodulatory techniques for sleep disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Lanza
- Department of Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, Catania, Italy; Clinical Neurophysiology Research Unit, Oasi Research Institute-IRCCS, Troina, Italy.
| | - Francesco Fisicaro
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Mariagiovanna Cantone
- Neurology Unit, University Hospital Policlinico "G. Rodolico-San Marco", Catania, Italy; Department of Neurology, Sant'Elia Hospital, ASP Caltanissetta, Caltanissetta, Italy
| | - Manuela Pennisi
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Bartolo Lanuzza
- Department of Neurology IC and Sleep Research Centre, Oasi Research Institute-IRCCS, Troina, Italy
| | - Mariangela Tripodi
- Department of Neurology IC and Sleep Research Centre, Oasi Research Institute-IRCCS, Troina, Italy
| | - Rita Bella
- Department of Medical and Surgical Science and Advanced Technologies, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Walter Paulus
- Department of Neurology, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Raffaele Ferri
- Clinical Neurophysiology Research Unit, Oasi Research Institute-IRCCS, Troina, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
Sleep is a key determinant of healthy and cognitive aging. Sleep patterns change with aging, independent of other factors, and include advanced sleep timing, shortened nocturnal sleep duration, increased frequency of daytime naps, increased number of nocturnal awakenings and time spent awake during the night, and decreased slow-wave sleep. The sleep-related hormone secretion changes with aging. Most changes seem to occur between young and middle adulthood; sleep parameters remain largely unchanged among healthy older adults. The circadian system and sleep homeostatic mechanisms become less robust with normal aging. The causes of sleep disturbances in older adults are multifactorial.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junxin Li
- School of Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, 525 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Michael V Vitiello
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3624 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Nalaka S Gooneratne
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Box 356560, Seattle, WA 98195-6560, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Gefferie SR, Maric A, Critelli H, Gueden S, Kurlemann G, Kurth S, Nosadini M, Plecko B, Ringli M, Rostásy K, Sartori S, Schmitt B, Suppiej A, Van Bogaert P, Wehrle FM, Huber R, Bölsterli BK. Altered EEG markers of synaptic plasticity in a human model of NMDA receptor deficiency: Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis. Neuroimage 2021; 239:118281. [PMID: 34147627 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasticity of synaptic strength and density is a vital mechanism enabling memory consolidation, learning, and neurodevelopment. It is strongly dependent on the intact function of N-Methyl-d-Aspartate Receptors (NMDAR). The importance of NMDAR is further evident as their dysfunction is involved in many diseases such as schizophrenia, Alzheimer's disease, neurodevelopmental disorders, and epilepsies. Synaptic plasticity is thought to be reflected by changes of sleep slow wave slopes across the night, namely higher slopes after wakefulness at the beginning of sleep than after a night of sleep. Hence, a functional NMDAR deficiency should theoretically lead to altered overnight changes of slow wave slopes. Here we investigated whether pediatric patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis, being a very rare but unique human model of NMDAR deficiency due to autoantibodies against receptor subunits, indeed show alterations in this sleep EEG marker for synaptic plasticity. We retrospectively analyzed 12 whole-night EEGs of 9 patients (age 4.3-20.8 years, 7 females) and compared them to a control group of 45 healthy individuals with the same age distribution. Slow wave slopes were calculated for the first and last hour of Non-Rapid Eye Movement (NREM) sleep (factor 'hour') for patients and controls (factor 'group'). There was a significant interaction between 'hour' and 'group' (p = 0.013), with patients showing a smaller overnight decrease of slow wave slopes than controls. Moreover, we found smaller slopes during the first hour in patients (p = 0.022), whereas there was no group difference during the last hour of NREM sleep (p = 0.980). Importantly, the distribution of sleep stages was not different between the groups, and in our main analyses of patients without severe disturbance of sleep architecture, neither was the incidence of slow waves. These possible confounders could therefore not account for the differences in the slow wave slope values, which we also saw in the analysis of the whole sample of EEGs. These results suggest that quantitative EEG analysis of slow wave characteristics may reveal impaired synaptic plasticity in patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis, a human model of functional NMDAR deficiency. Thus, in the future, the changes of sleep slow wave slopes may contribute to the development of electrophysiological biomarkers of functional NMDAR deficiency and synaptic plasticity in general.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvano R Gefferie
- Department of Neuropediatrics, University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland; Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN), 2103 SW, Heemstede, Netherlands
| | - Angelina Maric
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hanne Critelli
- Department of Neuropediatrics, University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland; Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sophie Gueden
- Service de Pédiatrie, CHU d'Angers, 49933, Angers, France
| | | | - Salome Kurth
- Pulmonary Clinic, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Psychology, University of Fribourg, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Margherita Nosadini
- Pediatric Neurology and Neurophysiology Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padua, 35122, Padua, Italy
| | - Barbara Plecko
- Department of Neuropediatrics, University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland; Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of General Pediatrics, Medical University of Graz, 8036, Graz, Austria
| | - Maya Ringli
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Kevin Rostásy
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Children's Hospital Datteln, Witten/Herdecke University, 58448, Datteln/Witten, Germany
| | - Stefano Sartori
- Pediatric Neurology and Neurophysiology Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padua, 35122, Padua, Italy
| | - Bernhard Schmitt
- Department of Neuropediatrics, University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland; Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Agnese Suppiej
- Pediatric Neurology and Neurophysiology Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padua, 35122, Padua, Italy; Department of Medical Sciences, Pediatric Section, University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | - Flavia M Wehrle
- Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland; Child Development Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Reto Huber
- Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland; Child Development Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bigna K Bölsterli
- Department of Neuropediatrics, University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland; Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Milinski L, Fisher SP, Cui N, McKillop LE, Blanco-Duque C, Ang G, Yamagata T, Bannerman DM, Vyazovskiy VV. Waking experience modulates sleep need in mice. BMC Biol 2021; 19:65. [PMID: 33823872 PMCID: PMC8025572 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-021-00982-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Homeostatic regulation of sleep is reflected in the maintenance of a daily balance between sleep and wakefulness. Although numerous internal and external factors can influence sleep, it is unclear whether and to what extent the process that keeps track of time spent awake is determined by the content of the waking experience. We hypothesised that alterations in environmental conditions may elicit different types of wakefulness, which will in turn influence both the capacity to sustain continuous wakefulness as well as the rates of accumulating sleep pressure. To address this, we compared the effects of repetitive behaviours such as voluntary wheel running or performing a simple touchscreen task, with wakefulness dominated by novel object exploration, on sleep timing and EEG slow-wave activity (SWA) during subsequent NREM sleep. RESULTS We find that voluntary wheel running is associated with higher wake EEG theta-frequency activity and results in longer wake episodes, as compared with exploratory behaviour; yet, it does not lead to higher levels of EEG SWA during subsequent NREM sleep in either the frontal or occipital derivation. Furthermore, engagement in a touchscreen task, motivated by food reward, results in lower SWA during subsequent NREM sleep in both derivations, as compared to exploratory wakefulness, even though the total duration of wakefulness is similar. CONCLUSION Overall, our study suggests that sleep-wake behaviour is highly flexible within an individual and that the homeostatic processes that keep track of time spent awake are sensitive to the nature of the waking experience. We therefore conclude that sleep dynamics are determined, to a large degree, by the interaction between the organism and the environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linus Milinski
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford/Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute, Oxford, UK
| | - Simon P Fisher
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford/Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute, Oxford, UK
| | - Nanyi Cui
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford/Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute, Oxford, UK
| | - Laura E McKillop
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford/Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute, Oxford, UK
| | - Cristina Blanco-Duque
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford/Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute, Oxford, UK
| | - Gauri Ang
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Tomoko Yamagata
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - David M Bannerman
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Vladyslav V Vyazovskiy
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford/Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute, Oxford, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Connelly F, Johnsson RD, Aulsebrook AE, Mulder RA, Hall ML, Vyssotski AL, Lesku JA. Urban noise restricts, fragments, and lightens sleep in Australian magpies. Environ Pollut 2020; 267:115484. [PMID: 32882458 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Urban areas are inherently noisy, and this noise can disrupt biological processes as diverse as communication, migration, and reproduction. We investigated how exposure to urban noise affects sleep, a process critical to optimal biological functioning, in Australian magpies (Cracticus tibicen). Eight magpies experimentally exposed to noise in captivity for 24-h spent more time awake, and less time in non-rapid eye movement (non-REM) and REM sleep at night than under quiet conditions. Sleep was also fragmented, with more frequent interruptions by wakefulness, shorter sleep episode durations, and less intense non-REM sleep. REM sleep was particularly sensitive to urban noise. Following exposure to noise, magpies recovered lost sleep by engaging in more, and more intense, non-REM sleep. In contrast, REM sleep showed no rebound. This might indicate a long-term cost to REM sleep loss mediated by noise, or contest hypotheses regarding the functional value of this state. Overall, urban noise has extensive, disruptive impacts on sleep composition, architecture, and intensity in magpies. Future work should consider whether noise-induced sleep restriction and fragmentation have long-term consequences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farley Connelly
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia; School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3086, Australia.
| | - Robin D Johnsson
- School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3086, Australia
| | - Anne E Aulsebrook
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia; School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3086, Australia
| | - Raoul A Mulder
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Michelle L Hall
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia; Bush Heritage Australia, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia; School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - Alexei L Vyssotski
- Institute of Neuroinformatics, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8006, Switzerland
| | - John A Lesku
- School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3086, Australia; Research Centre for Future Landscapes, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3086, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Pavlidis E, Møller RS, Nikanorova M, Kölmel MS, Stendevad P, Beniczky S, Tassinari CA, Rubboli G, Gardella E. Idiopathic encephalopathy related to status epilepticus during slow sleep (ESES) as a "pure" model of epileptic encephalopathy. An electroclinical, genetic, and follow-up study. Epilepsy Behav 2019; 97:244-252. [PMID: 31254844 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2019.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to investigate electroclinical and neuropsychological features, genetic background, and evolution of children with idiopathic encephalopathy with status epilepticus during slow sleep (ESES), including Landau-Kleffner syndrome (LKS). MATERIAL AND METHODS All children diagnosed with idiopathic ESES at the Danish Epilepsy Centre between March 2003 and December 2014 were retrospectively reviewed. Repeated 24-hour electroencephalography (24-h EEG) recordings, neuropsychological assessments, and clinical-neurological evaluation were performed throughout the follow-up in all patients. In 13 children, genetic investigations were performed. RESULTS We collected 24 children (14 males and 10 females). Mean age at ESES diagnosis was 6 years, and mean ESES duration was 2 years and 7 months. Twenty-one children had epileptic seizures. Three children had LKS. Topography of sleep-related EEG epileptic abnormalities was diffuse in 3 subjects, hemispheric in 6, multifocal in 9, and focal in 6. During the active phase of ESES, all children presented with a heterogeneous combination of behavioral and cognitive disturbances. In 14 children, a parallel between severity of the clinical picture and spike-wave index (SWI) was observed. We could not find a strict correlation between the type and severity of neurobehavioral impairment and the side/topography of sleep-related EEG discharges during the active phase of ESES. At the last follow-up, 21 children were in remission from ESES. Complete recovery from neurobehavioral disorders was observed in 5 children. Genetic assessment, performed in 13 children, showed GRIN2A variant in two (15.4%). SIGNIFICANCE Our patients with idiopathic ESES showed a heterogeneous pattern of epileptic seizures, neurobehavioral disorders, and sleep EEG features. Only one-fourth of children completely recovered from the neuropsychological disturbances after ESES remission. Lack of correlation between severity/type of cognitive derangement and SWI and/or topography of sleep EEG epileptic abnormalities may suggest the contribution of additional factors (including impaired sleep homeostasis due to epileptic activity) in the neurobehavioral derangement that characterize ESES.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Pavlidis
- Danish Epilepsy Centre - Filadelfia, Dianalund, Denmark; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Neuroscience, University of Parma, Parma, Italy; Child Neuropsychiatry Service of Carpi, Mental Health Department, AUSL Modena, Carpi, Italy.
| | - Rikke S Møller
- Danish Epilepsy Centre - Filadelfia, Dianalund, Denmark; Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Marina Nikanorova
- Danish Epilepsy Centre - Filadelfia, Dianalund, Denmark; Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | | | - Pia Stendevad
- Danish Epilepsy Centre - Filadelfia, Dianalund, Denmark
| | - Sandor Beniczky
- Danish Epilepsy Centre - Filadelfia, Dianalund, Denmark; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Guido Rubboli
- Danish Epilepsy Centre - Filadelfia, Dianalund, Denmark; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Elena Gardella
- Danish Epilepsy Centre - Filadelfia, Dianalund, Denmark; Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Abstract
This article reviews delayed and advanced sleep-wake phase disorders. Diagnostic procedures include a clinical interview to verify the misalignment of the major nocturnal sleep episode relative to the desired and social-normed timing of sleep, a 3-month or greater duration of the sleep-wake disturbance, and at least a week of sleep diary data consistent with the sleep timing complaint. Treatment options include gradual, daily shifting of the sleep schedule (chronotherapy); shifting circadian phase with properly timed light exposure (phototherapy); or melatonin administration. Future directions are discussed to conclude the article.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Culnan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, 1653 West Congress Parkway, Chicago, IL 60612-3833, USA
| | - Lindsay M McCullough
- Department of Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, 1653 West Congress Parkway, Chicago, IL 60612-3833, USA
| | - James K Wyatt
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, 1653 West Congress Parkway, Chicago, IL 60612-3833, USA. https://twitter.com/Chisleeper
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Briggs C, Bowes SC, Semba K, Hirasawa M. Sleep deprivation-induced pre- and postsynaptic modulation of orexin neurons. Neuropharmacology 2018; 154:50-60. [PMID: 30586566 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Sleep/wake states are controlled by sleep- and wake-promoting systems, and transitions between states are thought to be regulated by their reciprocal inhibition and homeostatic sleep need. Orexin neurons are known to promote wake maintenance and stabilize the sleep/wake switch. Thus, we asked whether orexin neurons are modulated by homeostatic sleep need. Rats were sleep deprived or left undisturbed to rest for 6 h, then acute brain slices were generated for patch clamp recordings. We found that sleep deprivation increased firing and reduced spike frequency adaptation in response to excitatory drive in orexin neurons. These changes were specific to D-type orexin neurons which, unlike H-type orexin neurons, lack A-type current. In D-type orexin neurons, sleep deprivation decreased afterhyperpolarizing potential, which was associated with increased gain, measured as the slope of the input-output relationship. These effects were mimicked by inhibition of SK channels. Furthermore, sleep deprivation resulted in presynaptic inhibition of excitatory inputs to both D-type and H-type orexin neurons, which preferentially affected sparse synaptic inputs while sparing high frequency synaptic activities. Taken together, our results indicate that sleep deprivation modulates the gain control and synaptic gating in orexin neurons. These pre-and postsynaptic changes would tune orexin neurons to strong wake-promoting excitatory signals, while dampening weak synaptic inputs to allow transition to sleep in the absence of such strong signals. These mechanisms are consistent with a role of orexin neurons not only as a key state stabilizer, but also as a homeostatic wake integrator in the sleep/wake switch. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled 'Hypothalamic Control of Homeostasis'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chantalle Briggs
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, 300 Prince Philip Drive, St. John's, NL, A1B 3V6, Canada; Department of Medical Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, 5850 College Street, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Sherri C Bowes
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, 300 Prince Philip Drive, St. John's, NL, A1B 3V6, Canada
| | - Kazue Semba
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, 5850 College Street, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, 5909 Veterans' Memorial Lane, Halifax, NS, B3H 2E2, Canada; Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Faculty of Science, Dalhousie University, 1355 Oxford Street, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Michiru Hirasawa
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, 300 Prince Philip Drive, St. John's, NL, A1B 3V6, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Crowley SJ, Wolfson AR, Tarokh L, Carskadon MA. An update on adolescent sleep: New evidence informing the perfect storm model. J Adolesc 2018; 67:55-65. [PMID: 29908393 DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 302] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The maturation of sleep regulatory systems during adolescence in combination with psychosocial and societal pressures culminate in a "Perfect Storm" of short and ill-timed sleep and the associated consequences for many youngsters. This model, first described by Carskadon in 2011, guides our current thinking of adolescent sleep behavior. Since the original description, the field has moved forward with remarkable pace, and this review aims to summarize recent progress and describe how this new work informs our understanding of sleep regulation and sleep behavior during this developmental time frame.
Collapse
|
20
|
Tkachenko O, Dinges DF. Interindividual variability in neurobehavioral response to sleep loss: A comprehensive review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2018; 89:29-48. [PMID: 29563066 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Stable trait-like responding is well established for neurobehavioral performance measures across repeated exposures to total sleep deprivation and partial chronic sleep restriction. These observed phenotypes are task-dependent, suggesting that there are distinct cognitive profiles of responding with differential vulnerability to sleep loss within the same individual. Numerous factors have been investigated as potential markers of phenotypic vulnerability to the effects of sleep loss but none fully account for this phenomenon. Observed interindividual differences in performance during extended wakefulness may be driven by underlying deficits in the wake-promoting system resulting in greater performance instability due to failure to counteract increased homeostatic pressure. Further work would benefit from a systems approach to the study of interindividual vulnerability in which behavioral, neurobiological, and genetic data are integrated in a larger framework delineating the relationships between genes, proteins, neurobiology, and behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olga Tkachenko
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, 425 S. University Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States.
| | - David F Dinges
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 423 Guardian Drive, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
Sleep patterns change with aging, independent of other factors, and include advanced sleep timing, shortened nocturnal sleep duration, increased frequency of daytime naps, increased number of nocturnal awakenings and time spent awake during the night, and decreased slow wave sleep. Most of these changes seem to occur between young and middle adulthood; sleep parameters remain largely unchanged among healthy older adults. The circadian system and sleep homeostatic mechanisms become less robust with normal aging. The amount and pattern of sleep-related hormone secretion change as well. The causes of sleep disturbances in older adults are multifactorial.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junxin Li
- School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3624 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Michael V Vitiello
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Box 356560, Seattle, WA 98195-6560, USA
| | - Nalaka S Gooneratne
- Geriatrics Division, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology, 3615 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Deboer T. Sleep homeostasis and the circadian clock: Do the circadian pacemaker and the sleep homeostat influence each other's functioning? Neurobiol Sleep Circadian Rhythms 2018; 5:68-77. [PMID: 31236513 PMCID: PMC6584681 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbscr.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep is regulated by a homeostatic and a circadian process. Together these two processes determine most aspects of sleep and related variables like sleepiness and alertness. The two processes are known to be able to work independently, but also to both influence sleep and sleep related variables in an additive or more complex manner. The question remains whether the two processes are directly influencing each other. The present review summarizes evidence from behavioural and electroencephalographic determined sleep, electrophysiology, gene knock out mouse models, and mathematical modelling to explore whether sleep homeostasis can influence circadian clock functioning and vice versa. There is a multitude of data available showing parallel action or influence of sleep homeostatic mechanisms and the circadian clock on several objective and subjective variables related to sleep and alertness. However, the evidence of a direct influence of the circadian clock on sleep homeostatic mechanisms is sparse and more research is needed, particularly applying longer sleep deprivations that include a second night. The strongest evidence of an influence of sleep homeostatic mechanisms on clock functioning comes from sleep deprivation experiments, demonstrating an attenuation of phase shifts of the circadian rhythm to light pulses when sleep homeostatic pressure is increased. The data suggest that the circadian clock is less susceptible to light when sleep pressure is high. The available data indicate that a strong central clock will induce periods of deep sleep, which in turn will strengthen clock function. Both are therefore important for health and wellbeing. Weakening of one will also hamper functioning of the other. Shift work and jet lag are situations where one tries to adapt to zeitgebers in a condition where sleep is compromised. Adaptation to zeitgebers may be improved by introducing nap schedules to reduce sleep pressure, and through that increasing clock susceptibility to light.
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
Although sleep seems an obvious and simple behaviour, it is extremely complex involving numerous interactions both at the neuronal and the molecular levels. While we have gained detailed insight into the molecules and neuronal networks responsible for the circadian organization of sleep and wakefulness, the molecular underpinnings of the homeostatic aspect of sleep regulation are still unknown and the focus of a considerable research effort. In the last 20 years, the development of techniques allowing the simultaneous measurement of hundreds to thousands of molecular targets (i.e. 'omics' approaches) has enabled the unbiased study of the molecular pathways regulated by and regulating sleep. In this chapter, we will review how the different omics approaches, including transcriptomics, epigenomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, have advanced sleep research. We present relevant data in the framework of the two-process model in which circadian and homeostatic processes interact to regulate sleep. The integration of the different omics levels, known as 'systems genetics', will eventually lead to a better understanding of how information flows from the genome, to molecules, to networks, and finally to sleep both in health and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma K O'Callaghan
- Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine and Research Center, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Neuroscience, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Edward W Green
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Paul Franken
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Valérie Mongrain
- Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine and Research Center, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada. .,Department of Neuroscience, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Bersagliere A, Pascual-Marqui RD, Tarokh L, Achermann P. Mapping Slow Waves by EEG Topography and Source Localization: Effects of Sleep Deprivation. Brain Topogr 2017; 31:257-269. [PMID: 28983703 DOI: 10.1007/s10548-017-0595-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Slow waves are a salient feature of the electroencephalogram (EEG) during non-rapid eye movement (non-REM) sleep. The aim of this study was to assess the topography of EEG power and the activation of brain structures during slow wave sleep under normal conditions and after sleep deprivation. Sleep EEG recordings during baseline and recovery sleep after 40 h of sustained wakefulness were analyzed (eight healthy young men, 27 channel EEG). Power maps were computed for the first non-REM sleep episode (where sleep pressure is highest) in baseline and recovery sleep, at frequencies between 0.5 and 2 Hz. Power maps had a frontal predominance at all frequencies between 0.5 and 2 Hz. An additional occipital focus of activity was observed below 1 Hz. Power maps ≤ 1 Hz were not affected by sleep deprivation, whereas an increase in power was observed in the maps ≥ 1.25 Hz. Based on the response to sleep deprivation, low-delta (0.5-1 Hz) and mid-delta activity (1.25-2 Hz) were dissociated. Electrical sources within the cortex of low- and mid-delta activity were estimated using eLORETA. Source localization revealed a predominantly frontal distribution of activity for low-delta and mid-delta activity. Sleep deprivation resulted in an increase in source strength only for mid-delta activity, mainly in parietal and frontal regions. Low-delta activity dominated in occipital and temporal regions and mid-delta activity in limbic and frontal regions independent of the level of sleep pressure. Both, power maps and electrical sources exhibited trait-like aspects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Bersagliere
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstr. 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roberto D Pascual-Marqui
- The KEY Institute for Brain-Mind Research, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Hospital of Psychiatry, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Leila Tarokh
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstr. 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Peter Achermann
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstr. 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
- The KEY Institute for Brain-Mind Research, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Hospital of Psychiatry, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Zurich Center for Interdisciplinary Sleep Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Luppi M, Al-Jahmany AA, Del Vecchio F, Cerri M, Di Cristoforo A, Hitrec T, Martelli D, Perez E, Zamboni G, Amici R. Wake-sleep and cardiovascular regulatory changes in rats made obese by a high-fat diet. Behav Brain Res 2017; 320:347-355. [PMID: 28011172 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is known to be associated with alterations in wake-sleep (WS) architecture and cardiovascular parameters. This study was aimed at assessing the possible influence of diet-induced obesity (DIO) on sleep homeostasis and on the WS state-dependent levels of arterial pressure (AP) and heart rate in the rat. Two groups of age-matched Sprague-Dawley rats were fed either a high-fat hypercaloric diet, leading to DIO, or a normocaloric standard diet (lean controls) for 8 weeks. While under general anesthesia, animals were implanted with instrumentation for the recording of electroencephalogram, electromyogram, arterial pressure, and deep brain temperature. The experimental protocol consisted of 48h of baseline, 12h of gentle handling, enhancing wake and depressing sleep, and 36-h post-handling recovery. Compared to lean controls, DIO rats showed: i) the same amount of rapid-eye movement (REM) and non-REM (NREM) sleep in the rest period, although the latter was characterized by more fragmented episodes; ii) an increase in both REM sleep and NREM sleep in the activity period; iii) a comparable post-handling sleep homeostatic response, in terms of either the degree of Delta power increase during NREM sleep or the quantitative compensation of the REM sleep loss at the end of the 36-h recovery period; iv) significantly higher levels of AP, irrespectively of the different WS states and of the changes in their intensity throughout the experimental protocol. Overall, these changes may be the reflection of a modification in the activity of the hypothalamic areas where WS, autonomic, and metabolic regulations are known to interact.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Luppi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences-Physiology, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Piazza di Porta San Donato, 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Abed A Al-Jahmany
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences-Physiology, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Piazza di Porta San Donato, 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Flavia Del Vecchio
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences-Physiology, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Piazza di Porta San Donato, 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Matteo Cerri
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences-Physiology, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Piazza di Porta San Donato, 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Alessia Di Cristoforo
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences-Physiology, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Piazza di Porta San Donato, 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Timna Hitrec
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences-Physiology, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Piazza di Porta San Donato, 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Davide Martelli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences-Physiology, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Piazza di Porta San Donato, 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy; Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3052, Australia.
| | - Emanuele Perez
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences-Physiology, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Piazza di Porta San Donato, 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Zamboni
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences-Physiology, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Piazza di Porta San Donato, 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Roberto Amici
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences-Physiology, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Piazza di Porta San Donato, 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Skornyakov E, Shattuck NL, Winser MA, Matsangas P, Sparrow AR, Layton ME, Gabehart RJ, Van Dongen HPA. Sleep and performance in simulated Navy watch schedules. Accid Anal Prev 2017; 99:422-427. [PMID: 26691014 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2015.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2015] [Revised: 10/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
To operate Navy ships 24h per day, watchstanding is needed around the clock, with watch periods reflecting a variety of rotating or fixed shift schedules. The 5/15 watch schedule cycles through watch periods with 5h on, 15h off watch, such that watches occur 4h earlier on the clock each day - that is, the watches rotate backward. The timing of sleep varies over 4-day cycles, and sleep is split on some days to accommodate nighttime watchstanding. The 3/9 watch schedule cycles through watch periods with 3h on, 9h off watch, allowing for consistent sleep timing over days. In some sections of the 3/9 watch schedule, sleep may need to be split to accommodate nighttime watchstanding. In both the 5/15 and 3/9 watch schedules, four watch sections alternate to cover the 24h of the day. Here we compared sleep duration, psychomotor vigilance and subjective sleepiness in simulated sections of the 5/15 and 3/9 watch schedules. Fifteen healthy male subjects spent 6 consecutive days (5 nights) in the laboratory. Sleep opportunities were restricted to an average of 6.5h daily. Actigraphically estimated sleep duration was 5.6h per watch day on average, with no significant difference between watch sections. Sleep duration was not reduced when sleep opportunities were split. Psychomotor vigilance degraded over watch days, and tended to be more variable in the 5/15 than in the 3/9 watch sections. These laboratory-based findings suggest that Navy watch schedules are associated with cumulative sleep loss and a build-up of fatigue across days. The fixed watch periods of the 3/9 watch schedule appear to yield more stable performance than the backward rotating watch periods of the 5/15 watch schedule. Optimal performance may require longer and more consistent daily opportunities for sleep than are typically obtained in Navy operations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Skornyakov
- Sleep and Performance Research Center and Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, PO Box 1495, Spokane, WA 99210-1495, USA.
| | - Nita L Shattuck
- Naval Postgraduate School, 1411 Cunningham Road, Monterey, CA 93943, USA.
| | - Michael A Winser
- Sleep and Performance Research Center and Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, PO Box 1495, Spokane, WA 99210-1495, USA.
| | | | - Amy R Sparrow
- Sleep and Performance Research Center and Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, PO Box 1495, Spokane, WA 99210-1495, USA.
| | - Matthew E Layton
- Sleep and Performance Research Center and Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, PO Box 1495, Spokane, WA 99210-1495, USA.
| | - Rylie J Gabehart
- Sleep and Performance Research Center and Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, PO Box 1495, Spokane, WA 99210-1495, USA.
| | - Hans P A Van Dongen
- Sleep and Performance Research Center and Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, PO Box 1495, Spokane, WA 99210-1495, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
O'Callaghan EK, Ballester Roig MN, Mongrain V. Cell adhesion molecules and sleep. Neurosci Res 2016; 116:29-38. [PMID: 27884699 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2016.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) play essential roles in the central nervous system, where some families are involved in synaptic development and function. These synaptic adhesion molecules (SAMs) are involved in the regulation of synaptic plasticity, and the formation of neuronal networks. Recent findings from studies examining the consequences of sleep loss suggest that these molecules are candidates to act in sleep regulation. This review highlights the experimental data that lead to the identification of SAMs as potential sleep regulators, and discusses results supporting that specific SAMs are involved in different aspects of sleep regulation. Further, some potential mechanisms by which SAMs may act to regulate sleep are outlined, and the proposition that these molecules may serve as molecular machinery in the two sleep regulatory processes, the circadian and homeostatic components, is presented. Together, the data argue that SAMs regulate the neuronal plasticity that underlies sleep and wakefulness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma Kate O'Callaghan
- Research Centre and Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, 5400 Gouin West Blvd. Montreal, QC, H4J 1C5, Canada; Department of Neuroscience, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, succ. Centre-Ville, Montreal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Maria Neus Ballester Roig
- Research Centre and Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, 5400 Gouin West Blvd. Montreal, QC, H4J 1C5, Canada; Neurophysiology of Sleep and Biology Rhythms Laboratory, IDISPA (Health Research Foundation Illes Balears), University of Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca 07122, Spain
| | - Valérie Mongrain
- Research Centre and Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, 5400 Gouin West Blvd. Montreal, QC, H4J 1C5, Canada; Department of Neuroscience, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, succ. Centre-Ville, Montreal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada,.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Stephenson R, Caron AM, Famina S. Significance of the zero sum principle for circadian, homeostatic and allostatic regulation of sleep-wake state in the rat. Physiol Behav 2016; 167:35-48. [PMID: 27594095 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Sleep-wake behavior exhibits diurnal rhythmicity, rebound responses to acute total sleep deprivation (TSD), and attenuated rebounds following chronic sleep restriction (CSR). We investigated how these long-term patterns of behavior emerge from stochastic short-term dynamics of state transition. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to TSD (1day×24h, N=9), or CSR (10days×18h TSD, N=7) using a rodent walking-wheel apparatus. One baseline day and one recovery day following TSD and CSR were analyzed. The implications of the zero sum principle were evaluated using a Markov model of sleep-wake state transition. Wake bout duration (a combined function of the probability of wake maintenance and proportional representations of brief and long wake) was a key variable mediating the baseline diurnal rhythms and post-TSD responses of all three states, and the attenuation of the post-CSR rebounds. Post-NREM state transition trajectory was an important factor in REM rebounds. The zero sum constraint ensures that a change in any transition probability always affects bout frequency and cumulative time of at least two, and usually all three, of wakefulness, NREM and REM. Neural mechanisms controlling wake maintenance may play a pivotal role in regulation and dysregulation of all three states.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Stephenson
- University of Toronto, Department of Cell and Systems Biology, 25 Harbord Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G5, Canada.
| | - Aimee M Caron
- University of Toronto, Department of Cell and Systems Biology, 25 Harbord Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G5, Canada
| | - Svetlana Famina
- University of Toronto, Department of Cell and Systems Biology, 25 Harbord Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G5, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Jaaro-Peled H, Altimus C, LeGates T, Cash-Padgett T, Zoubovsky S, Hikida T, Ishizuka K, Hattar S, Mongrain V, Sawa A. Abnormal wake/sleep pattern in a novel gain-of-function model of DISC1. Neurosci Res 2016; 112:63-69. [PMID: 27354230 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2016.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Sleep disturbances are common in psychiatric disorders, but the causal relationship between the two and the underlying genetic factors is unclear. The DISC1 gene is strongly linked to mood disorders and schizophrenia in a Scottish pedigree. In an earlier study we found a sleep homeostasis disturbance in a Drosophila model overexpressing wild-type human DISC1. Here we aimed to explore the relationship between sleep and the DISC1 gene in a mammalian model, a novel transgenic mouse model expressing full-length human DISC1. We assessed circadian rhythms by monitoring wheel running activity under normal 24-h light:dark conditions and in constant darkness and found the DISC1 mice to have normal circadian photoentrainment and normal intrinsic circadian period. We also assessed sleep duration and quality in the DISC1 mice and found that they were awake longer than wild-type controls at baseline with a tendency for lower rebound of delta activity during recovery from a short sleep deprivation. Thus we suggest that DISC1 may be involved in sleep regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Jaaro-Peled
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, United States.
| | - Cara Altimus
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, United States
| | - Tara LeGates
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, United States
| | - Tyler Cash-Padgett
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, United States
| | - Sandra Zoubovsky
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, United States
| | - Takatoshi Hikida
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, United States
| | - Koko Ishizuka
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, United States
| | - Samer Hattar
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, United States.
| | | | - Akira Sawa
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Dallaspezia S, Locatelli C, Lorenzi C, Pirovano A, Colombo C, Benedetti F. Sleep homeostatic pressure and PER3 VNTR gene polymorphism influence antidepressant response to sleep deprivation in bipolar depression. J Affect Disord 2016; 192:64-9. [PMID: 26707349 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Revised: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Combined Total sleep deprivation (TSD) and light therapy (LT) cause a rapid improvement in bipolar depression which has been hypothesized to be paralleled by changes in sleep homeostasis. Recent studies showed that bipolar patients had lower changes of EEG theta power after sleep and responders to antidepressant TSD+LT slept less and showed a lower increase of EEG theta power then non-responders. A polymorphism in PER3 gene has been associated with diurnal preference, sleep structure and homeostatic response to sleep deprivation in healthy subjects. We hypothesized that the individual variability in the homeostatic response to TSD could be a correlate of antidepressant response and be influenced by genetic factors. METHODS We administered three TSD+LT cycles to bipolar depressed patients. Severity of depression was rated on Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. Actigraphic recordings were performed in a group of patients. RESULTS PER3 polymorphism influenced changes in total sleep time (F=2.24; p=0.024): while PER3(4/4) and PER3(4/5) patients showed a reduction in it after treatment, PER3(5/5) subjects showed an increase of about 40min, suggesting a higher homeostatic pressure. The same polymorphism influenced the change of depressive symptomatology during treatment (F=3.72; p=0.028). LIMITATIONS Sleep information was recorded till the day after the end of treatment: a longer period of observation could give more information about the possible maintenance of allostatic adaptation. CONCLUSIONS A higher sleep homeostatic pressure reduced the antidepressant response to TSD+LT, while an allostatic adaptation to sleep loss was associated with better response. This process seems to be under genetic control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Dallaspezia
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Scientific Institute and University Vita-Salute, San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.
| | - Clara Locatelli
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Scientific Institute and University Vita-Salute, San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Lorenzi
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Scientific Institute and University Vita-Salute, San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Adele Pirovano
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Scientific Institute and University Vita-Salute, San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Colombo
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Scientific Institute and University Vita-Salute, San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Benedetti
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Scientific Institute and University Vita-Salute, San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Plante DT, Goldstein MR, Cook JD, Smith R, Riedner BA, Rumble ME, Jelenchick L, Roth A, Tononi G, Benca RM, Peterson MJ. Effects of partial sleep deprivation on slow waves during non-rapid eye movement sleep: A high density EEG investigation. Clin Neurophysiol 2015; 127:1436-1444. [PMID: 26596212 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2015.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Revised: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Changes in slow waves during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep in response to acute total sleep deprivation are well-established measures of sleep homeostasis. This investigation utilized high-density electroencephalography (hdEEG) to examine topographic changes in slow waves during repeated partial sleep deprivation. METHODS Twenty-four participants underwent a 6-day sleep restriction protocol. Spectral and period-amplitude analyses of sleep hdEEG data were used to examine changes in slow wave energy, count, amplitude, and slope relative to baseline. RESULTS Changes in slow wave energy were dependent on the quantity of NREM sleep utilized for analysis, with widespread increases during sleep restriction and recovery when comparing data from the first portion of the sleep period, but restricted to recovery sleep if the entire sleep episode was considered. Period-amplitude analysis was less dependent on the quantity of NREM sleep utilized, and demonstrated topographic changes in the count, amplitude, and distribution of slow waves, with frontal increases in slow wave amplitude, numbers of high-amplitude waves, and amplitude/slopes of low amplitude waves resulting from partial sleep deprivation. CONCLUSIONS Topographic changes in slow waves occur across the course of partial sleep restriction and recovery. SIGNIFICANCE These results demonstrate a homeostatic response to partial sleep loss in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David T Plante
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Psychiatry, Madison, WI, USA.
| | | | - Jesse D Cook
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Psychiatry, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Richard Smith
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Psychiatry, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Brady A Riedner
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Psychiatry, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Meredith E Rumble
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Psychiatry, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Lauren Jelenchick
- University of Minnesota Medical Scientist Training Program, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Andrea Roth
- Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology, Yeshiva University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Giulio Tononi
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Psychiatry, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Ruth M Benca
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Psychiatry, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Michael J Peterson
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Psychiatry, Madison, WI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Varin C, Arthaud S, Salvert D, Gay N, Libourel PA, Luppi PH, Léger L, Fort P. Sleep architecture and homeostasis in mice with partial ablation of melanin-concentrating hormone neurons. Behav Brain Res 2015; 298:100-10. [PMID: 26529469 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2015.10.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Revised: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Recent reports support a key role of tuberal hypothalamic neurons secreting melanin concentrating-hormone (MCH) in the promotion of Paradoxical Sleep (PS). Controversies remain concerning their concomitant involvement in Slow-Wave Sleep (SWS). We studied the effects of their selective loss achieved by an Ataxin 3-mediated ablation strategy to decipher the contribution of MCH neurons to SWS and/or PS. Polysomnographic recordings were performed on male adult transgenic mice expressing Ataxin-3 transgene within MCH neurons (MCH(Atax)) and their wild-type littermates (MCH(WT)) bred on two genetic backgrounds (FVB/N and C57BL/6). Compared to MCH(WT) mice, MCH(Atax) mice were characterized by a significant drop in MCH mRNAs (-70%), a partial loss of MCH-immunoreactive neurons (-30%) and a marked reduction in brain density of MCH-immunoreactive fibers. Under basal condition, such MCH(Atax) mice exhibited higher PS amounts during the light period and a pronounced SWS fragmentation without any modification of SWS quantities. Moreover, SWS and PS rebounds following 4-h total sleep deprivation were quantitatively similar in MCH(Atax)vs. MCH(WT) mice. Additionally, MCH(Atax) mice were unable to consolidate SWS and increase slow-wave activity (SWA) in response to this homeostatic challenge as observed in MCH(WT) littermates. Here, we show that the partial loss of MCH neurons is sufficient to disturb the fine-tuning of sleep. Our data provided new insights into their contribution to subtle process managing SWS quality and its efficiency rather than SWS quantities, as evidenced by the deleterious impact on two powerful markers of sleep depth, i.e., SWS consolidation/fragmentation and SWA intensity under basal condition and under high sleep pressure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Varin
- Neuroscience Research Center of Lyon (CRNL), CNRS UMR 5292, INSERM U1028, SLEEP Team, Lyon, France; Université Claude Bernard, Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Sébastien Arthaud
- Neuroscience Research Center of Lyon (CRNL), CNRS UMR 5292, INSERM U1028, SLEEP Team, Lyon, France; Université Claude Bernard, Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Denise Salvert
- Neuroscience Research Center of Lyon (CRNL), CNRS UMR 5292, INSERM U1028, SLEEP Team, Lyon, France; Université Claude Bernard, Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Nadine Gay
- Neuroscience Research Center of Lyon (CRNL), CNRS UMR 5292, INSERM U1028, SLEEP Team, Lyon, France; Université Claude Bernard, Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Paul-Antoine Libourel
- Neuroscience Research Center of Lyon (CRNL), CNRS UMR 5292, INSERM U1028, SLEEP Team, Lyon, France; Université Claude Bernard, Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Pierre-Hervé Luppi
- Neuroscience Research Center of Lyon (CRNL), CNRS UMR 5292, INSERM U1028, SLEEP Team, Lyon, France; Université Claude Bernard, Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Lucienne Léger
- Neuroscience Research Center of Lyon (CRNL), CNRS UMR 5292, INSERM U1028, SLEEP Team, Lyon, France; Université Claude Bernard, Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Patrice Fort
- Neuroscience Research Center of Lyon (CRNL), CNRS UMR 5292, INSERM U1028, SLEEP Team, Lyon, France; Université Claude Bernard, Lyon 1, Lyon, France.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Abstract
Quality sleep is critical for daily functions of human beings and thus the timing and duration of sleep are tightly controlled. However, rare genetic variants affecting sleep regulatory mechanisms can result in sleep phenotypes of extremely deviated sleep/wake onset time or duration. Using genetic analyses in families with multiple members expressing particular sleep phenotypes, these sleep-associated genetic variants can be identified. Deciphering the nature of these genetic variants using animal models or biochemical methods helps further our understanding of sleep processes. In this chapter, we describe the methods for studying genetics of human sleep behavioral phenotypes.
Collapse
|
34
|
Pace-Schott EF, Spencer RM, Vijayakumar S, Ahmed N, Verga PW, Orr SP, Pitman RK, Milad MR. Extinction of conditioned fear is better learned and recalled in the morning than in the evening. J Psychiatr Res 2013; 47:1776-84. [PMID: 23992769 PMCID: PMC3791331 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2013.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Revised: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Sleep helps emotional memories consolidate and may promote generalization of fear extinction memory. We examined whether extinction learning and memory might differ in the morning and evening due, potentially, to circadian and/or sleep-homeostatic factors. Healthy men (N = 109) in 6 groups completed a 2-session protocol. In Session 1, fear conditioning was followed by extinction learning. Partial reinforcement with mild electric shock produced conditioned skin conductance responses (SCRs) to 2 differently colored lamps (CS+), but not a third color (CS-), within the computer image of a room (conditioning context). One CS+ (CS + E) but not the other (CS + U) was immediately extinguished by un-reinforced presentations in a different room (extinction context). Delay durations of 3 h (within AM or PM), 12 h (morning-to-evening or evening-to-morning) or 24 h (morning-to-morning or evening-to-evening) followed. In Session 2, extinction recall and contextual fear renewal were tested. We observed no significant effects of the delay interval on extinction memory but did observe an effect of time-of-day. Fear extinction was significantly better if learned in the morning (p = .002). Collapsing across CS + type, there was smaller morning differential SCR at both extinction recall (p = .003) and fear renewal (p = .005). Morning extinction recall showed better generalization from the CS + E to CS + U with the response to the CS + U significantly larger than to the CS + E only in the evening (p = .028). Thus, extinction is learned faster and its memory is better generalized in the morning. Cortisol and testosterone showed the expected greater salivary levels in the morning when higher testosterone/cortisol ratio also predicted better extinction learning. Circadian factors may promote morning extinction. Alternatively, evening homeostatic sleep pressure may impede extinction and favor recall of conditioned fear.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edward F. Pace-Schott
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | | | | | - Nafis Ahmed
- Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA
| | - Patrick W. Verga
- Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA
| | - Scott P. Orr
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Roger K. Pitman
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Mohammed R. Milad
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Abstract
Much of the current science on, and mathematical modeling of, dynamic changes in human performance within and between days is dominated by the two-process model of sleep-wake regulation, which posits a neurobiological drive for sleep that varies homeostatically (increasing as a saturating exponential during wakefulness and decreasing in a like manner during sleep), and a circadian process that neurobiologically modulates both the homeostatic drive for sleep and waking alertness and performance. Endogenous circadian rhythms in neurobehavioral functions, including physiological alertness and cognitive performance, have been demonstrated using special laboratory protocols that reveal the interaction of the biological clock with the sleep homeostatic drive. Individual differences in circadian rhythms and genetic and other components underlying such differences also influence waking neurobehavioral functions. Both acute total sleep deprivation and chronic sleep restriction increase homeostatic sleep drive and degrade waking neurobehavioral functions as reflected in sleepiness, attention, cognitive speed, and memory. Recent evidence indicating a high degree of stability in neurobehavioral responses to sleep loss suggests that these trait-like individual differences are phenotypic and likely involve genetic components, including circadian genes. Recent experiments have revealed both sleep homeostatic and circadian effects on brain metabolism and neural activation. Investigation of the neural and genetic mechanisms underlying the dynamically complex interaction between sleep homeostasis and circadian systems is beginning. A key goal of this work is to identify biomarkers that accurately predict human performance in situations in which the circadian and sleep homeostatic systems are perturbed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Namni Goel
- Division of Sleep and Chronobiology, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J. Davis
- Sleep and Performance Research Center, WWAMI Medical Education and Program in Neuroscience, Washington State University, 412 E Spokane Falls Boulevard, Spokane, WA 99210-1495, USA
| | - James M. Krueger
- Sleep and Performance Research Center, WWAMI Medical Education and Program in Neuroscience, Washington State University, 412 E Spokane Falls Boulevard, Spokane, WA 99210-1495, USA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Kuna ST, Maislin G, Pack FM, Staley B, Hachadoorian R, Coccaro EF, Pack AI. Heritability of performance deficit accumulation during acute sleep deprivation in twins. Sleep 2012; 35:1223-33. [PMID: 22942500 DOI: 10.5665/sleep.2074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES To determine if the large and highly reproducible interindividual differences in rates of performance deficit accumulation during sleep deprivation, as determined by the number of lapses on a sustained reaction time test, the Psychomotor Vigilance Task (PVT), arise from a heritable trait. DESIGN Prospective, observational cohort study. SETTING Academic medical center. PARTICIPANTS There were 59 monozygotic (mean age 29.2 ± 6.8 [SD] yr; 15 male and 44 female pairs) and 41 dizygotic (mean age 26.6 ± 7.6 yr; 15 male and 26 female pairs) same-sex twin pairs with a normal polysomnogram. INTERVENTIONS Thirty-eight hr of monitored, continuous sleep deprivation. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS Patients performed the 10-min PVT every 2 hr during the sleep deprivation protocol. The primary outcome was change from baseline in square root transformed total lapses (response time ≥ 500 ms) per trial. Patient-specific linear rates of performance deficit accumulation were separated from circadian effects using multiple linear regression. Using the classic approach to assess heritability, the intraclass correlation coefficients for accumulating deficits resulted in a broad sense heritability (h(2)) estimate of 0.834. The mean within-pair and among-pair heritability estimates determined by analysis of variance-based methods was 0.715. When variance components of mixed-effect multilevel models were estimated by maximum likelihood estimation and used to determine the proportions of phenotypic variance explained by genetic and nongenetic factors, 51.1% (standard error = 8.4%, P < 0.0001) of twin variance was attributed to combined additive and dominance genetic effects. CONCLUSION Genetic factors explain a large fraction of interindividual variance among rates of performance deficit accumulations on PVT during sleep deprivation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel T Kuna
- Department of Medicine and Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|