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Thakur A, Mei S, Zhang N, Zhang K, Taslakjian B, Lian J, Wu S, Chen B, Solway J, Chen HJ. Pulmonary neuroendocrine cells: crucial players in respiratory function and airway-nerve communication. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1438188. [PMID: 39176384 PMCID: PMC11340541 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1438188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary neuroendocrine cells (PNECs) are unique airway epithelial cells that blend neuronal and endocrine functions, acting as key sensors in the lung. They respond to environmental stimuli like allergens by releasing neuropeptides and neurotransmitters. PNECs stand out as the only lung epithelial cells innervated by neurons, suggesting a significant role in airway-nerve communication via direct neural pathways and hormone release. Pathological conditions such as asthma are linked to increased PNECs counts and elevated calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) production, which may affect neuroprotection and brain function. CGRP is also associated with neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's and Alzheimer's, potentially due to its influence on inflammation and cholinergic activity. Despite their low numbers, PNECs are crucial for a wide range of functions, highlighting the importance of further research. Advances in technology for producing and culturing human PNECs enable the exploration of new mechanisms and cell-specific responses to targeted therapies for PNEC-focused treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhimanyu Thakur
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Shuya Mei
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Noel Zhang
- Canyon Crest Academy, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Kui Zhang
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Boghos Taslakjian
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Jiacee Lian
- School of Health Sciences, Ngee Ann Polytechnic, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shuang Wu
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Bohao Chen
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Julian Solway
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Huanhuan Joyce Chen
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
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Wils T, Backaert W, Jacobs I, Ruysseveldt E, Cremer J, Dilissen E, Bullens DM, Talavera K, Steelant B, Van Gerven L, Martens K, Hellings PW. Rare presence and function of neuroendocrine cells in the nasal mucosa. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1394539. [PMID: 39176088 PMCID: PMC11339793 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1394539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024] Open
Abstract
There is growing evidence that neurogenic inflammation contributes to the pathophysiology of upper airway diseases, with nasal hyperreactivity (NHR) being a key symptom. The rare neuroendocrine cells (NECs) in the epithelium have been linked to the pathophysiology of bronchial and intestinal hyperreactivity, however their presence in the nasal mucosa and their potential role in NHR remains unclear. Therefore, we studied the presence of NECs in the nasal epithelium of controls, allergic rhinitis patients and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps patients, and their link to NHR. The expression of typical NECs markers, CHGA, ASCL1 and CGRP, were evaluated on gene and protein level in human samples using real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), western blot, immunohistochemistry fluorescence staining, RNA scope assay, flow cytometry and single cell RNA-sequencing. Furthermore, the change in peak nasal inspiratory flow after cold dry air provocation and visual analogue scale scores were used to evaluate NHR or disease severity, respectively. Limited gene expression of the NECs markers CHGA and ASCL1 was measured in patients with upper airway diseases and controls. Gene expression of these markers did not correlate with NHR severity nor disease severity. In vitro, CHGA and ASCL1 expression was also evaluated in primary nasal epithelial cell cultures from patients with upper airway disease and controls using RT-qPCR and western blot. Both on gene and protein level only limited CHGA and ASCL1 expression was found. Additionally, NECs were studied in nasal biopsies of patients with upper airway diseases and controls using immunohistochemistry fluorescence staining, RNA scope and flow cytometry. Unlike in ileum samples, CHGA could not be detected in nasal biopsies of patients with upper airway diseases and control subjects. Lastly, single cell RNA-sequencing of upper airway tissue could not identify a NEC cluster. In summary, in contrast to the bronchi and gut, there is only limited evidence for the presence of NECs in the nasal mucosa, and without correlation with NHR, thereby questioning the relevance of NECs in upper airway pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tine Wils
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Group, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wout Backaert
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Group, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Clinical Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Inge Jacobs
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Group, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Diseases, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Emma Ruysseveldt
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Group, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jonathan Cremer
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Group, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ellen Dilissen
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Group, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dominique M. Bullens
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Group, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Karel Talavera
- KU Leuven Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Ion Channel Research Division of Physiology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Brecht Steelant
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Group, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Laura Van Gerven
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Group, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Clinical Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Otorhinolaryngology Rhinology Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Katleen Martens
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Group, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- University of Antwerp (UAntwerp) Department of Bioscience Engineering, Lab of Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Antwerp (UAntwerp), Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Peter W. Hellings
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Group, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Clinical Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- University of Ghent (UGhent) Department of Head and Skin, Upper Airways Research Laboratory, University of Ghent (UGhent), Ghent, Belgium
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3
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Zhang J, Huang WQ, Zhang YR, Liang N, Li NP, Tan GK, Gong SX, Wang AP. Upregulation of eIF2α by m 6A modification accelerates the proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells in MCT-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension rats. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2024; 17:598-608. [PMID: 37973667 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-023-10458-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a malignant cardiovascular disease. Eukaryotic initiation factor 2α (eIF2α) plays an important role in the proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) in hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension (HPH) rats. However, the regulatory mechanism of eIF2α remains poorly understood in PAH rats. Here, we discover eIF2α is markedly upregulated in monocrotaline (MCT)-induced PAH rats, eIF2α can be upregulated by mRNA methylation, and upregulated eIF2α can promote PASMC proliferation in MCT-PAH rats. GSK2606414, eIF2α inhibitor, can downregulate the expression of eIF2α and alleviate PASMC proliferation in MCT-PAH rats. And we further discover the mRNA of eIF2α has a common sequence with N 6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification by bioinformatics analysis, and the expression of METTL3, WTAP, and YTHDF1 is upregulated in MCT-PAH rats. These findings suggest a potentially novel mechanism by which eIF2α is upregulated by m6A modification in MCT-PAH rats, which is involved in the pathogenesis of PAH.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Pulmonary Artery/metabolism
- Pulmonary Artery/pathology
- Pulmonary Artery/drug effects
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-2/metabolism
- Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-2/genetics
- Up-Regulation
- Disease Models, Animal
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Male
- Cells, Cultured
- Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension/metabolism
- Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension/chemically induced
- Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension/pathology
- Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension/physiopathology
- Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension/genetics
- Monocrotaline/toxicity
- Adenosine/analogs & derivatives
- Adenosine/metabolism
- Methylation
- Signal Transduction
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Methyltransferases/metabolism
- Methyltransferases/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience Research, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Qian Huang
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience Research, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Clinical Research, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421002, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Department of Blood Transfusion, the First Affiliated of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570102, Hainan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Rong Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience Research, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Liang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421002, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan-Ping Li
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience Research, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421002, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang-Kai Tan
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience Research, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421002, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shao-Xin Gong
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ai-Ping Wang
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience Research, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
- Institute of Clinical Research, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421002, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
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4
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Griese M, Seidl E. Persistent tachypnea of infancy, neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia of infancy, and pulmonary interstitial glycogenosis: "A3-Specific conditions of undefined etiology". Pediatr Pulmonol 2024. [PMID: 38818882 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.27102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Griese
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, LMU, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Elias Seidl
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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5
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Leonard EM, Porteus CS, Brink D, Milsom WK. Fish gill chemosensing: knowledge gaps and inconsistencies. J Comp Physiol B 2024:10.1007/s00360-024-01553-5. [PMID: 38758303 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-024-01553-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
In this review, we explore the inconsistencies in the data and gaps in our knowledge that exist in what is currently known regarding gill chemosensors which drive the cardiorespiratory reflexes in fish. Although putative serotonergic neuroepithelial cells (NEC) dominate the literature, it is clear that other neurotransmitters are involved (adrenaline, noradrenaline, acetylcholine, purines, and dopamine). And although we assume that these agents act on neurons synapsing with the NECs or in the afferent or efferent limbs of the paths between chemosensors and central integration sites, this process remains elusive and may explain current discrepancies or species differences in the literature. To date it has been impossible to link the distribution of NECs to species sensitivity to different stimuli or fish lifestyles and while the gills have been shown to be the primary sensing site for respiratory gases, the location (gills, oro-branchial cavity or elsewhere) and orientation (external/water or internal/blood sensing) of the NECs are highly variable between species of water and air breathing fish. Much of what has been described so far comes from studies of hypoxic responses in fish, however, changes in CO2, ammonia and lactate have all been shown to elicit cardio-respiratory responses and all have been suggested to arise from stimulation of gill NECs. Our view of the role of NECs is broadening as we begin to understand the polymodal nature of these cells. We begin by presenting the fundamental picture of gill chemosensing that has developed, followed by some key unanswered questions about gill chemosensing in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin M Leonard
- Department of Biology, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Cosima S Porteus
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Deidre Brink
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - William K Milsom
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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6
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Yan B, Lan F, Li J, Wang C, Zhang L. The mucosal concept in chronic rhinosinusitis: Focus on the epithelial barrier. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2024; 153:1206-1214. [PMID: 38295881 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2024.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a common chronic nasal cavity and sinus disease affecting a growing number of individuals worldwide. Recent advances have shifted our understanding of CRS pathophysiology from a physical obstruction model of ventilation and drainage to a mucosal concept that recognizes the complexities of mucosal immunologic variations and cellular aberrations. A growing number of studies have demonstrated the alteration of the epithelial barrier during inflammatory states. Therefore, the current review has focused on the crucial role of epithelial cells within this mucosal framework in CRS, detailing the perturbed epithelial homeostasis, impaired epithelial cell barrier, dysregulated epithelial cell repair processes, and enhanced interactions between epithelial cells and immune cells. Notably, the utilization of novel technologies, such as single-cell transcriptomics, has revealed the novel functions of epithelial barriers, such as inflammatory memory and neuroendocrine functions. Therefore, this review also emphasizes the importance of epithelial inflammatory memory and the necessity of further investigations into neuroendocrine epithelial cells and neurogenic inflammation in CRS. We conclude by contemplating the prospective benefits of epithelial cell-oriented biological treatments, which are currently under investigation in rigorous randomized, double-blind clinical trials in patients with CRS with nasal polyps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Yan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Research Unit of Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Nasal Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Lan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Research Unit of Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Nasal Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jingyun Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Research Unit of Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Nasal Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chengshuo Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Research Unit of Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Nasal Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Luo Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Allergy, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Research Unit of Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Nasal Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
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7
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Candeli N, Dayton T. Investigating pulmonary neuroendocrine cells in human respiratory diseases with airway models. Dis Model Mech 2024; 17:dmm050620. [PMID: 38813849 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.050620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite accounting for only ∼0.5% of the lung epithelium, pulmonary neuroendocrine cells (PNECs) appear to play an outsized role in respiratory health and disease. Increased PNEC numbers have been reported in a variety of respiratory diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma. Moreover, PNECs are the primary cell of origin for lung neuroendocrine cancers, which account for 25% of aggressive lung cancers. Recent research has highlighted the crucial roles of PNECs in lung physiology, including in chemosensing, regeneration and immune regulation. Yet, little is known about the direct impact of PNECs on respiratory diseases. In this Review, we summarise the current associations of PNECs with lung pathologies, focusing on how new experimental disease models, such as organoids derived from human pluripotent stem cells or tissue stem cells, can help us to better understand the contribution of PNECs to respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah Candeli
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) Barcelona, Tissue Biology and Disease Modelling, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Talya Dayton
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) Barcelona, Tissue Biology and Disease Modelling, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
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8
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Galiniak S, Biesiadecki M, Rościszewska-Żukowska I, Rachel M. Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide Level in Cystic Fibrosis Patients. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:565. [PMID: 38792587 PMCID: PMC11122201 DOI: 10.3390/life14050565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) has long been implicated in both the physiology and pathophysiology of the respiratory tract. The objective of our study was to determine the serum concentration of alpha CGRP (αCGRP) in cystic fibrosis (CF) that arises from mutations in the gene responsible for encoding the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein. Currently, there are not many data in the literature about the role of CGRP in CF. The serum level of αCGRP was estimated using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay among 64 patients with CF and 31 healthy controls. The αCGRP concentration in the CF group was 62.51 ± 15.45 pg/mL, while in the control group it was 47.43 ± 8.06 pg/mL (p < 0.001). We also compared the level of αCGRP in CF patients according to the type of CFTR mutation. Homozygotes for ΔF508 had higher αCGRP levels than heterozygotes (67.9 ± 10.2 vs. 54.5 ± 18.3 pg/mL, p < 0.01). The level of this neuropeptide was statistically higher in patients with severe disease than in those with mild CF (p = 0.003) when patients were divided into three groups by spirometry results. αCGRP concentration was not correlated with age, sex, clinical parameters, and pulmonary function test results in the study participants. The results of our study suggest a significant increase in the concentration of αCGRP in the serum of patients with CF compared to the control group. This observation opens interesting possibilities for understanding the role of αCGRP in the context of CF pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Galiniak
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College, Rzeszów University, Warzywna 1a, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland; (M.B.); (I.R.-Ż.); (M.R.)
| | - Marek Biesiadecki
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College, Rzeszów University, Warzywna 1a, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland; (M.B.); (I.R.-Ż.); (M.R.)
| | - Iwona Rościszewska-Żukowska
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College, Rzeszów University, Warzywna 1a, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland; (M.B.); (I.R.-Ż.); (M.R.)
| | - Marta Rachel
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College, Rzeszów University, Warzywna 1a, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland; (M.B.); (I.R.-Ż.); (M.R.)
- Department of Allergology and Cystic Fibrosis, State Hospital 2 in Rzeszow, Lwowska 60, 35-301 Rzeszów, Poland
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9
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Seeholzer LF, Julius D. Neuroendocrine cells initiate protective upper airway reflexes. Science 2024; 384:295-301. [PMID: 38669574 PMCID: PMC11407116 DOI: 10.1126/science.adh5483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Airway neuroendocrine (NE) cells have been proposed to serve as specialized sensory epithelial cells that modulate respiratory behavior by communicating with nearby nerve endings. However, their functional properties and physiological roles in the healthy lung, trachea, and larynx remain largely unknown. In this work, we show that murine NE cells in these compartments have distinct biophysical properties but share sensitivity to two commonly aspirated noxious stimuli, water and acid. Moreover, we found that tracheal and laryngeal NE cells protect the airways by releasing adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) to activate purinoreceptive sensory neurons that initiate swallowing and expiratory reflexes. Our work uncovers the broad molecular and biophysical diversity of NE cells across the airways and reveals mechanisms by which these specialized excitable cells serve as sentinels for activating protective responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura F Seeholzer
- Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - David Julius
- Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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10
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Chen J, Lai X, Song Y, Su X. Neuroimmune recognition and regulation in the respiratory system. Eur Respir Rev 2024; 33:240008. [PMID: 38925790 PMCID: PMC11216688 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0008-2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuroimmune recognition and regulation in the respiratory system is a complex and highly coordinated process involving interactions between the nervous and immune systems to detect and respond to pathogens, pollutants and other potential hazards in the respiratory tract. This interaction helps maintain the health and integrity of the respiratory system. Therefore, understanding the complex interactions between the respiratory nervous system and immune system is critical to maintaining lung health and developing treatments for respiratory diseases. In this review, we summarise the projection distribution of different types of neurons (trigeminal nerve, glossopharyngeal nerve, vagus nerve, spinal dorsal root nerve, sympathetic nerve) in the respiratory tract. We also introduce several types of cells in the respiratory epithelium that closely interact with nerves (pulmonary neuroendocrine cells, brush cells, solitary chemosensory cells and tastebuds). These cells are primarily located at key positions in the respiratory tract, where nerves project to them, forming neuroepithelial recognition units, thus enhancing the ability of neural recognition. Furthermore, we summarise the roles played by these different neurons in sensing or responding to specific pathogens (influenza, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, respiratory syncytial virus, human metapneumovirus, herpes viruses, Sendai parainfluenza virus, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, amoebae), allergens, atmospheric pollutants (smoking, exhaust pollution), and their potential roles in regulating interactions among different pathogens. We also summarise the prospects of bioelectronic medicine as a third therapeutic approach following drugs and surgery, as well as the potential mechanisms of meditation breathing as an adjunct therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Lung Inflammation and Injury, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Unit of Respiratory Infection and Immunity, Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Xiaoyun Lai
- Unit of Respiratory Infection and Immunity, Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Yuanlin Song
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Lung Inflammation and Injury, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Su
- Unit of Respiratory Infection and Immunity, Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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11
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Gardner EE, Earlie EM, Li K, Thomas J, Hubisz MJ, Stein BD, Zhang C, Cantley LC, Laughney AM, Varmus H. Lineage-specific intolerance to oncogenic drivers restricts histological transformation. Science 2024; 383:eadj1415. [PMID: 38330136 PMCID: PMC11155264 DOI: 10.1126/science.adj1415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC) are thought to originate from different epithelial cell types in the lung. Intriguingly, LUAD can histologically transform into SCLC after treatment with targeted therapies. In this study, we designed models to follow the conversion of LUAD to SCLC and found that the barrier to histological transformation converges on tolerance to Myc, which we implicate as a lineage-specific driver of the pulmonary neuroendocrine cell. Histological transformations are frequently accompanied by activation of the Akt pathway. Manipulating this pathway permitted tolerance to Myc as an oncogenic driver, producing rare, stem-like cells that transcriptionally resemble the pulmonary basal lineage. These findings suggest that histological transformation may require the plasticity inherent to the basal stem cell, enabling tolerance to previously incompatible oncogenic driver programs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ethan M. Earlie
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics, and Systems Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
- Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Kate Li
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Jerin Thomas
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Melissa J. Hubisz
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics, and Systems Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
- Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
- Bioinformatics Facility, Institute of Biotechnology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Benjamin D. Stein
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine
| | - Chen Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Lewis C. Cantley
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine
| | - Ashley M. Laughney
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics, and Systems Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
- Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Harold Varmus
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
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12
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Chen Y, Li Z, Ji G, Wang S, Mo C, Ding B. Lung regeneration: diverse cell types and the therapeutic potential. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e494. [PMID: 38405059 PMCID: PMC10885188 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Lung tissue has a certain regenerative ability and triggers repair procedures after injury. Under controllable conditions, lung tissue can restore normal structure and function. Disruptions in this process can lead to respiratory system failure and even death, causing substantial medical burden. The main types of respiratory diseases are chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Multiple cells, such as lung epithelial cells, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and immune cells, are involved in regulating the repair process after lung injury. Although the mechanism that regulates the process of lung repair has not been fully elucidated, clinical trials targeting different cells and signaling pathways have achieved some therapeutic effects in different respiratory diseases. In this review, we provide an overview of the cell type involved in the process of lung regeneration and repair, research models, and summarize molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of lung regeneration and fibrosis. Moreover, we discuss the current clinical trials of stem cell therapy and pharmacological strategies for COPD, IPF, and ARDS treatment. This review provides a reference for further research on the molecular and cellular mechanisms of lung regeneration, drug development, and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutian Chen
- The Department of Endovascular SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Zhen Li
- The Department of Endovascular SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Gaili Ji
- Department of GynecologyThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Shaochi Wang
- Department of Translational MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Chunheng Mo
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Bi‐Sen Ding
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
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13
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Purev E, Bahmed K, Kosmider B. Alveolar Organoids in Lung Disease Modeling. Biomolecules 2024; 14:115. [PMID: 38254715 PMCID: PMC10813493 DOI: 10.3390/biom14010115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Lung organoids display a tissue-specific functional phenomenon and mimic the features of the original organ. They can reflect the properties of the cells, such as morphology, polarity, proliferation rate, gene expression, and genomic profile. Alveolar type 2 (AT2) cells have a stem cell potential in the adult lung. They produce and secrete pulmonary surfactant and proliferate to restore the epithelium after damage. Therefore, AT2 cells are used to generate alveolar organoids and can recapitulate distal lung structures. Also, AT2 cells in human-induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived alveolospheres express surfactant proteins and other factors, indicating their application as suitable models for studying cell-cell interactions. Recently, they have been utilized to define mechanisms of disease development, such as COVID-19, lung cancer, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In this review, we show lung organoid applications in various pulmonary diseases, drug screening, and personalized medicine. In addition, stem cell-based therapeutics and approaches relevant to lung repair were highlighted. We also described the signaling pathways and epigenetic regulation of lung regeneration. It is critical to identify novel regulators of alveolar organoid generations to promote lung repair in pulmonary diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enkhee Purev
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Inflammation, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
- Center for Inflammation and Lung Research, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Karim Bahmed
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Inflammation, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
- Center for Inflammation and Lung Research, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
- Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Beata Kosmider
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Inflammation, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
- Center for Inflammation and Lung Research, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
- Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
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14
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Peloggia J, Lush ME, Tsai YY, Wood C, Piotrowski T. Environmental and molecular control of tissue-specific ionocyte differentiation in zebrafish. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.12.575421. [PMID: 38260427 PMCID: PMC10802608 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.12.575421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Organisms adjust their physiology to cope with environmental fluctuations and maintain fitness. These adaptations occur via genetic changes over multiple generations or through acclimation, a set of reversible phenotypic changes that confer resilience to the individual. Aquatic organisms are subject to dramatic seasonal fluctuations in water salinity, which can affect the function of lateral line mechanosensory hair cells. To maintain hair cell function when salinity decreases, ion-regulating cells, Neuromast-associated ionocytes (Nm ionocytes), increase in number and invade lateral line neuromasts. How environmental changes trigger this adaptive differentiation of Nm ionocytes and how these cells are specified is still unknown. Here, we identify Nm ionocyte progenitors as foxi3a/foxi3b-expressing skin cells and show that their differentiation is associated with sequential activation of different Notch pathway components, which control ionocyte survival. We demonstrate that new Nm ionocytes are rapidly specified by absolute salinity levels, independently of stress response pathways. We further show that Nm ionocyte differentiation is selectively triggered by depletion of specific ions, such as Ca2+ and Na+/Cl-, but not by low K+ levels, and is independent of media osmolarity. Finally, we demonstrate that hair cell activity plays a role in Nm ionocyte recruitment and that systemic factors are not necessary for Nm ionocyte induction. In summary, we have identified how environmental changes activate a signaling cascade that triggers basal skin cell progenitors to differentiate into Nm ionocytes and invade lateral line organs. This adaptive behavior is an example of physiological plasticity that may prove essential for survival in changing climates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Peloggia
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Mark E. Lush
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Ya-Yin Tsai
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Christopher Wood
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Tatjana Piotrowski
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
- Lead Contact
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15
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Patlin B, Schwerdtfeger L, Tobet S. Neuropeptide stimulation of physiological and immunological responses in precision-cut lung slices. Physiol Rep 2023; 11:e15873. [PMID: 37994278 PMCID: PMC10665790 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Organotypic lung slices, sometimes known as precision-cut lung slices (PCLS), provide an environment in which numerous cell types and interactions can be maintained outside the body (ex vivo). PCLS were maintained ex vivo for up to a week and demonstrated health via the presence of neurons, maintenance of tissue morphology, synthesis of mucopolysaccharides, and minimal cell death. Multiple phenotypes of neuronal fibers were present in lung slices with varied size, caliber, and neurotransmitter immunoreactivity. Of the neuropeptides present in fibers, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) was the most prevalent. Exposing PCLS to recombinant CGRP resulted in the proliferation and dispersion of CD19+ B cells in slices taken selectively from females. The number of granules containing immunoreactive (ir) surfactant protein C (SPC), which are representative of alveolar type 2 cells, increased in slices from females within 24 h of exposure to CGRP. Additionally, ir-SPC granule size increased in slices from males and females across 48 h of exposure to CGRP. Exposure of PCLS to exogenous CGRP did not alter the number of solitary pulmonary neuroendocrine cells (PNEC) but did result in neuroendocrine bodies that had significantly more cells. Neuronal fiber numbers were unchanged based on ir-peripherin; however, ir-CGRP became non-detectable in fibers while unchanged in PNECs. The effects of exogenous CGRP provide insight into innate immune and neuroendocrine responses in the lungs that may be partially regulated by neural fibers. The sex-dependent nature of these changes may point to the basis for sex-selective outcomes among respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Patlin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyColorado State UniversityFort CollinsColoradoUSA
| | - L. Schwerdtfeger
- Department of NeurologyHarvard Medical School and Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - S. Tobet
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Biomedical SciencesColorado State UniversityFort CollinsColoradoUSA
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16
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Lin LQ, Zeng HK, Luo YL, Chen DF, Ma XQ, Chen HJ, Song XY, Wu HK, Li SY. Mechanical stretch promotes apoptosis and impedes ciliogenesis of primary human airway basal stem cells. Respir Res 2023; 24:237. [PMID: 37773064 PMCID: PMC10540374 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-023-02528-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Airway basal stem cells (ABSCs) have self-renewal and differentiation abilities. Although an abnormal mechanical environment related to chronic airway disease (CAD) can cause ABSC dysfunction, it remains unclear how mechanical stretch regulates the behavior and structure of ABSCs. Here, we explored the effect of mechanical stretch on primary human ABSCs. METHODS Primary human ABSCs were isolated from healthy volunteers. A Flexcell FX-5000 Tension system was used to mimic the pathological airway mechanical stretch conditions of patients with CAD. ABSCs were stretched for 12, 24, or 48 h with 20% elongation. We first performed bulk RNA sequencing to identify the most predominantly changed genes and pathways. Next, apoptosis of stretched ABSCs was detected with Annexin V-FITC/PI staining and a caspase 3 activity assay. Proliferation of stretched ABSCs was assessed by measuring MKI67 mRNA expression and cell cycle dynamics. Immunofluorescence and hematoxylin-eosin staining were used to demonstrate the differentiation state of ABSCs at the air-liquid interface. RESULTS Compared with unstretched control cells, apoptosis and caspase 3 activation of ABSCs stretched for 48 h were significantly increased (p < 0.0001; p < 0.0001, respectively), and MKI67 mRNA levels were decreased (p < 0.0001). In addition, a significant increase in the G0/G1 population (20.2%, p < 0.001) and a significant decrease in S-phase cells (21.1%, p < 0.0001) were observed. The ratio of Krt5+ ABSCs was significantly higher (32.38% vs. 48.71%, p = 0.0037) following stretching, while the ratio of Ac-tub+ cells was significantly lower (37.64% vs. 21.29%, p < 0.001). Moreover, compared with the control, the expression of NKX2-1 was upregulated significantly after stretching (14.06% vs. 39.51%, p < 0.0001). RNA sequencing showed 285 differentially expressed genes, among which 140 were upregulated and 145 were downregulated, revealing that DDIAS, BIRC5, TGFBI, and NKX2-1 may be involved in the function of primary human ABSCs during mechanical stretch. There was no apparent difference between stretching ABSCs for 24 and 48 h compared with the control. CONCLUSIONS Pathological stretching induces apoptosis of ABSCs, inhibits their proliferation, and disrupts cilia cell differentiation. These features may be related to abnormal regeneration and repair observed after airway epithelium injury in patients with CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Qin Lin
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
- Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, 511495, Guangdong, China
| | - Hai-Kang Zeng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
- Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, 511495, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu-Long Luo
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510799, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Diagnosis, Guangzhou, 510799, Guangdong, China
- Therapy and Rehabilitation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangzhou, 510799, Guangdong, China
- Innovation Centre for Advanced Interdisciplinary Medicine, Guangzhou, 510799, Guangdong, China
| | - Di-Fei Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
- Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, 511495, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao-Qian Ma
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
- Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, 511495, Guangdong, China
| | - Huan-Jie Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
- Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, 511495, Guangdong, China
| | - Xin-Yu Song
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
- Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, 511495, Guangdong, China
| | - Hong-Kai Wu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
- Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, 511495, Guangdong, China
| | - Shi-Yue Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China.
- Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, 511495, Guangdong, China.
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17
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Wang Y, Liu B, Min Q, Yang X, Yan S, Ma Y, Li S, Fan J, Wang Y, Dong B, Teng H, Lin D, Zhan Q, Wu N. Spatial transcriptomics delineates molecular features and cellular plasticity in lung adenocarcinoma progression. Cell Discov 2023; 9:96. [PMID: 37723144 PMCID: PMC10507052 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-023-00591-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Indolent (lepidic) and aggressive (micropapillary, solid, and poorly differentiated acinar) histologic subtypes often coexist within a tumor tissue of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), but the molecular features associated with different subtypes and their transitions remain elusive. Here, we combine spatial transcriptomics and multiplex immunohistochemistry to elucidate molecular characteristics and cellular plasticity of distinct histologic subtypes of LUAD. We delineate transcriptional reprogramming and dynamic cell signaling that determine subtype progression, especially hypoxia-induced regulatory network. Different histologic subtypes exhibit heterogeneity in dedifferentiation states. Additionally, our results show that macrophages are the most abundant cell type in LUAD, and identify different tumor-associated macrophage subpopulations that are unique to each histologic subtype, which might contribute to an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Our results provide a systematic landscape of molecular profiles that drive LUAD subtype progression, and demonstrate potentially novel therapeutic strategies and targets for invasive lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Thoracic Surgery II, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Qingjie Min
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Pathology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Shi Yan
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Thoracic Surgery II, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Thoracic Surgery II, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Shaolei Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Thoracic Surgery II, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Jiawen Fan
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Yaqi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Thoracic Surgery II, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Dong
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Central Laboratory, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Huajing Teng
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Dongmei Lin
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Pathology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Qimin Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China.
- Cancer Institute, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University-Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (PKU-HKUST) Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
- Research Unit of Molecular Cancer Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
- International Cancer Institute, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.
- Soochow University Cancer institute, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Nan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Thoracic Surgery II, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China.
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18
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Lee W, Lee S, Yoon JK, Lee D, Kim Y, Han YB, Kim R, Moon S, Park YJ, Park K, Cha B, Choi J, Kim J, Ha NY, Kim K, Cho S, Cho NH, Desai TJ, Chung JH, Lee JH, Kim JI. A single-cell atlas of in vitro multiculture systems uncovers the in vivo lineage trajectory and cell state in the human lung. Exp Mol Med 2023; 55:1831-1842. [PMID: 37582976 PMCID: PMC10474282 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-01076-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
We present an in-depth single-cell atlas of in vitro multiculture systems on human primary airway epithelium derived from normal and diseased lungs of 27 individual donors. Our large-scale single-cell profiling identified new cell states and differentiation trajectories of rare airway epithelial cell types in human distal lungs. By integrating single-cell datasets of human lung tissues, we discovered immune-primed subsets enriched in lungs and organoids derived from patients with chronic respiratory disease. To demonstrate the full potential of our platform, we further illustrate transcriptomic responses to various respiratory virus infections in vitro airway models. Our work constitutes a single-cell roadmap for the cellular and molecular characteristics of human primary lung cells in vitro and their relevance to human tissues in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woochan Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seyoon Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung-Ki Yoon
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Dakyung Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yuri Kim
- Institute of Endemic Diseases, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeon Bi Han
- Department of Pathology and Translational Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Rokhyun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sungji Moon
- Interdisciplinary Program in Cancer Biology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Jun Park
- Department of Translational Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyunghyuk Park
- Genomic Medicine Institute (GMI), Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bukyoung Cha
- Genomic Medicine Institute (GMI), Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jaeyong Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Juhyun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Na-Young Ha
- Institute of Endemic Diseases, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kwhanmien Kim
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Sukki Cho
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Nam-Hyuk Cho
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Institute of Endemic Diseases, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tushar J Desai
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jin-Haeng Chung
- Department of Pathology and Translational Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.
| | - Joo-Hyeon Lee
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Jong-Il Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
- Interdisciplinary Program in Cancer Biology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
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19
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Zhang T, Xu D, Liu J, Wang M, Duan LJ, Liu M, Meng H, Zhuang Y, Wang H, Wang Y, Lv M, Zhang Z, Hu J, Shi L, Guo R, Xie X, Liu H, Erickson E, Wang Y, Yu W, Dang F, Guan D, Jiang C, Dai X, Inuzuka H, Yan P, Wang J, Babuta M, Lian G, Tu Z, Miao J, Szabo G, Fong GH, Karnoub AE, Lee YR, Pan L, Kaelin WG, Yuan J, Wei W. Prolonged hypoxia alleviates prolyl hydroxylation-mediated suppression of RIPK1 to promote necroptosis and inflammation. Nat Cell Biol 2023; 25:950-962. [PMID: 37400498 PMCID: PMC10617019 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-023-01170-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
The prolyl hydroxylation of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) mediated by the EGLN-pVHL pathway represents a classic signalling mechanism that mediates cellular adaptation under hypoxia. Here we identify RIPK1, a known regulator of cell death mediated by tumour necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1), as a target of EGLN1-pVHL. Prolyl hydroxylation of RIPK1 mediated by EGLN1 promotes the binding of RIPK1 with pVHL to suppress its activation under normoxic conditions. Prolonged hypoxia promotes the activation of RIPK1 kinase by modulating its proline hydroxylation, independent of the TNFα-TNFR1 pathway. As such, inhibiting proline hydroxylation of RIPK1 promotes RIPK1 activation to trigger cell death and inflammation. Hepatocyte-specific Vhl deficiency promoted RIPK1-dependent apoptosis to mediate liver pathology. Our findings illustrate a key role of the EGLN-pVHL pathway in suppressing RIPK1 activation under normoxic conditions to promote cell survival and a model by which hypoxia promotes RIPK1 activation through modulating its proline hydroxylation to mediate cell death and inflammation in human diseases, independent of TNFR1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daichao Xu
- Interdisciplinary Center of Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Jianping Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Li-Juan Duan
- Center for Vascular Biology, Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Min Liu
- Transfusion Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Huyan Meng
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yuan Zhuang
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Huibing Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yingnan Wang
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mingming Lv
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengyi Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jia Hu
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Linyu Shi
- Interdisciplinary Center of Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Guo
- Interdisciplinary Center of Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingxing Xie
- Interdisciplinary Center of Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emily Erickson
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yaru Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenyu Yu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Fabin Dang
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dongxian Guan
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cong Jiang
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xiaoming Dai
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hiroyuki Inuzuka
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peiqiang Yan
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jingchao Wang
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mrigya Babuta
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gewei Lian
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zhenbo Tu
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ji Miao
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gyongyi Szabo
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Guo-Hua Fong
- Center for Vascular Biology, Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Antoine E Karnoub
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Yu-Ru Lee
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lifeng Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - William G Kaelin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Junying Yuan
- Interdisciplinary Center of Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Wenyi Wei
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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20
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Zhang XW, Li JY, Li L, Hu WQ, Tao Y, Gao WY, Ye ZN, Jia HY, Wang JN, Miao XK, Yang WL, Wang R, Mou LY. Neurokinin-1 receptor drives PKCɑ-AURKA/N-Myc signaling to facilitate the neuroendocrine progression of prostate cancer. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:384. [PMID: 37385990 PMCID: PMC10310825 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05894-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
The widespread application of antiandrogen therapies has aroused a significant increase in the incidence of NEPC, a lethal form of the disease lacking efficient clinical treatments. Here we identified a cell surface receptor neurokinin-1 (NK1R) as a clinically relevant driver of treatment-related NEPC (tNEPC). NK1R expression increased in prostate cancer patients, particularly higher in metastatic prostate cancer and treatment-related NEPC, implying a relation with the progression from primary luminal adenocarcinoma toward NEPC. High NK1R level was clinically correlated with accelerated tumor recurrence and poor survival. Mechanical studies identified a regulatory element in the NK1R gene transcription ending region that was recognized by AR. AR inhibition enhanced the expression of NK1R, which mediated the PKCα-AURKA/N-Myc pathway in prostate cancer cells. Functional assays demonstrated that activation of NK1R promoted the NE transdifferentiation, cell proliferation, invasion, and enzalutamide resistance in prostate cancer cells. Targeting NK1R abrogated the NE transdifferentiation process and tumorigenicity in vitro and in vivo. These findings collectively characterized the role of NK1R in tNEPC progression and suggested NK1R as a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Wei Zhang
- School of Life Science Lanzhou University, 222 TianShui South Road, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
- Basic Medical Sciences & Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Jing-Yi Li
- Basic Medical Sciences & Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Departemnt of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of basic medical sciences, Fujian Medical University, 1 Xuefu North Road, Fuzhou, 350122, P. R. China
| | - Lin Li
- School of Life Science Lanzhou University, 222 TianShui South Road, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
- Basic Medical Sciences & Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Qian Hu
- School of Life Science Lanzhou University, 222 TianShui South Road, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
- Basic Medical Sciences & Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Yan Tao
- Key Laboratory of Urological Disease of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Wen-Yan Gao
- School of Life Science Lanzhou University, 222 TianShui South Road, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
- Basic Medical Sciences & Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Zi-Nuo Ye
- School of Life Science Lanzhou University, 222 TianShui South Road, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
- Basic Medical Sciences & Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Hao-Yuan Jia
- School of Life Science Lanzhou University, 222 TianShui South Road, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
- Basic Medical Sciences & Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Nan Wang
- School of Life Science Lanzhou University, 222 TianShui South Road, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
- Basic Medical Sciences & Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Kang Miao
- Basic Medical Sciences & Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Le Yang
- Basic Medical Sciences & Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Rui Wang
- Basic Medical Sciences & Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China.
| | - Ling-Yun Mou
- School of Life Science Lanzhou University, 222 TianShui South Road, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China.
- Basic Medical Sciences & Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China.
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21
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Mikami Y, Grubb BR, Rogers TD, Dang H, Asakura T, Kota P, Gilmore RC, Okuda K, Morton LC, Sun L, Chen G, Wykoff JA, Ehre C, Vilar J, van Heusden C, Livraghi-Butrico A, Gentzsch M, Button B, Stutts MJ, Randell SH, O’Neal WK, Boucher RC. Chronic airway epithelial hypoxia exacerbates injury in muco-obstructive lung disease through mucus hyperconcentration. Sci Transl Med 2023; 15:eabo7728. [PMID: 37285404 PMCID: PMC10664029 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abo7728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Unlike solid organs, human airway epithelia derive their oxygen from inspired air rather than the vasculature. Many pulmonary diseases are associated with intraluminal airway obstruction caused by aspirated foreign bodies, virus infection, tumors, or mucus plugs intrinsic to airway disease, including cystic fibrosis (CF). Consistent with requirements for luminal O2, airway epithelia surrounding mucus plugs in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) lungs are hypoxic. Despite these observations, the effects of chronic hypoxia (CH) on airway epithelial host defense functions relevant to pulmonary disease have not been investigated. Molecular characterization of resected human lungs from individuals with a spectrum of muco-obstructive lung diseases (MOLDs) or COVID-19 identified molecular features of chronic hypoxia, including increased EGLN3 expression, in epithelia lining mucus-obstructed airways. In vitro experiments using cultured chronically hypoxic airway epithelia revealed conversion to a glycolytic metabolic state with maintenance of cellular architecture. Chronically hypoxic airway epithelia unexpectedly exhibited increased MUC5B mucin production and increased transepithelial Na+ and fluid absorption mediated by HIF1α/HIF2α-dependent up-regulation of β and γENaC (epithelial Na+ channel) subunit expression. The combination of increased Na+ absorption and MUC5B production generated hyperconcentrated mucus predicted to perpetuate obstruction. Single-cell and bulk RNA sequencing analyses of chronically hypoxic cultured airway epithelia revealed transcriptional changes involved in airway wall remodeling, destruction, and angiogenesis. These results were confirmed by RNA-in situ hybridization studies of lungs from individuals with MOLD. Our data suggest that chronic airway epithelial hypoxia may be central to the pathogenesis of persistent mucus accumulation in MOLDs and associated airway wall damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Mikami
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Barbara R. Grubb
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Troy D. Rogers
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Hong Dang
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Takanori Asakura
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Pradeep Kota
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Rodney C. Gilmore
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Kenichi Okuda
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Lisa C. Morton
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Ling Sun
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Gang Chen
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Jason A. Wykoff
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Camille Ehre
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Juan Vilar
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Catharina van Heusden
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | | | - Martina Gentzsch
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Brian Button
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - M. Jackson Stutts
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Scott H. Randell
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Wanda K. O’Neal
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Richard C. Boucher
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
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22
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Russo AF, Hay DL. CGRP physiology, pharmacology, and therapeutic targets: migraine and beyond. Physiol Rev 2023; 103:1565-1644. [PMID: 36454715 PMCID: PMC9988538 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00059.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is a neuropeptide with diverse physiological functions. Its two isoforms (α and β) are widely expressed throughout the body in sensory neurons as well as in other cell types, such as motor neurons and neuroendocrine cells. CGRP acts via at least two G protein-coupled receptors that form unusual complexes with receptor activity-modifying proteins. These are the CGRP receptor and the AMY1 receptor; in rodents, additional receptors come into play. Although CGRP is known to produce many effects, the precise molecular identity of the receptor(s) that mediates CGRP effects is seldom clear. Despite the many enigmas still in CGRP biology, therapeutics that target the CGRP axis to treat or prevent migraine are a bench-to-bedside success story. This review provides a contextual background on the regulation and sites of CGRP expression and CGRP receptor pharmacology. The physiological actions of CGRP in the nervous system are discussed, along with updates on CGRP actions in the cardiovascular, pulmonary, gastrointestinal, immune, hematopoietic, and reproductive systems and metabolic effects of CGRP in muscle and adipose tissues. We cover how CGRP in these systems is associated with disease states, most notably migraine. In this context, we discuss how CGRP actions in both the peripheral and central nervous systems provide a basis for therapeutic targeting of CGRP in migraine. Finally, we highlight potentially fertile ground for the development of additional therapeutics and combinatorial strategies that could be designed to modulate CGRP signaling for migraine and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew F Russo
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
- Center for the Prevention and Treatment of Visual Loss, Department of Veterans Affairs Health Center, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Debbie L Hay
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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23
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Myronenko O, Foris V, Crnkovic S, Olschewski A, Rocha S, Nicolls MR, Olschewski H. Endotyping COPD: hypoxia-inducible factor-2 as a molecular "switch" between the vascular and airway phenotypes? Eur Respir Rev 2023; 32:220173. [PMID: 36631133 PMCID: PMC9879331 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0173-2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
COPD is a heterogeneous disease with multiple clinical phenotypes. COPD endotypes can be determined by different expressions of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), which, in combination with individual susceptibility and environmental factors, may cause predominant airway or vascular changes in the lung. The pulmonary vascular phenotype is relatively rare among COPD patients and characterised by out-of-proportion pulmonary hypertension (PH) and low diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide, but only mild-to-moderate airway obstruction. Its histologic feature, severe remodelling of the small pulmonary arteries, can be mediated by HIF-2 overexpression in experimental PH models. HIF-2 is not only involved in the vascular remodelling but also in the parenchyma destruction. Endothelial cells from human emphysema lungs express reduced HIF-2α levels, and the deletion of pulmonary endothelial Hif-2α leads to emphysema in mice. This means that both upregulation and downregulation of HIF-2 have adverse effects and that HIF-2 may represent a molecular "switch" between the development of the vascular and airway phenotypes in COPD. The mechanisms of HIF-2 dysregulation in the lung are only partly understood. HIF-2 levels may be controlled by NAD(P)H oxidases via iron- and redox-dependent mechanisms. A better understanding of these mechanisms may lead to the development of new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleh Myronenko
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Vasile Foris
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria
| | - Slaven Crnkovic
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria
- Division of Physiology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Andrea Olschewski
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Sonia Rocha
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Cell Signalling, Institute of Systems, Molecular, and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Mark R Nicolls
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Horst Olschewski
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria
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24
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Wong SL, Kardia E, Vijayan A, Umashankar B, Pandzic E, Zhong L, Jaffe A, Waters SA. Molecular and Functional Characteristics of Airway Epithelium under Chronic Hypoxia. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076475. [PMID: 37047450 PMCID: PMC10095024 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Localized and chronic hypoxia of airway mucosa is a common feature of progressive respiratory diseases, including cystic fibrosis (CF). However, the impact of prolonged hypoxia on airway stem cell function and differentiated epithelium is not well elucidated. Acute hypoxia alters the transcription and translation of many genes, including the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). CFTR-targeted therapies (modulators) have not been investigated in vitro under chronic hypoxic conditions found in CF airways in vivo. Nasal epithelial cells (hNECs) derived from eight CF and three non-CF participants were expanded and differentiated at the air-liquid interface (26-30 days) at ambient and 2% oxygen tension (hypoxia). Morphology, global proteomics (LC-MS/MS) and function (barrier integrity, cilia motility and ion transport) of basal stem cells and differentiated cultures were assessed. hNECs expanded at chronic hypoxia, demonstrating epithelial cobblestone morphology and a similar proliferation rate to hNECs expanded at normoxia. Hypoxia-inducible proteins and pathways in stem cells and differentiated cultures were identified. Despite the stem cells' plasticity and adaptation to chronic hypoxia, the differentiated epithelium was significantly thinner with reduced barrier integrity. Stem cell lineage commitment shifted to a more secretory epithelial phenotype. Motile cilia abundance, length, beat frequency and coordination were significantly negatively modulated. Chronic hypoxia reduces the activity of epithelial sodium and CFTR ion channels. CFTR modulator drug response was diminished. Our findings shed light on the molecular pathophysiology of hypoxia and its implications in CF. Targeting hypoxia can be a strategy to augment mucosal function and may provide a means to enhance the efficacy of CFTR modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon L Wong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Molecular and Integrative Cystic Fibrosis Research Centre (miCF_RC), University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Egi Kardia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Molecular and Integrative Cystic Fibrosis Research Centre (miCF_RC), University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Abhishek Vijayan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Molecular and Integrative Cystic Fibrosis Research Centre (miCF_RC), University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Bala Umashankar
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Molecular and Integrative Cystic Fibrosis Research Centre (miCF_RC), University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Elvis Pandzic
- Katharina Gaus Light Microscopy Facility, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Ling Zhong
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Adam Jaffe
- Molecular and Integrative Cystic Fibrosis Research Centre (miCF_RC), University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Shafagh A Waters
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Molecular and Integrative Cystic Fibrosis Research Centre (miCF_RC), University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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25
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Brouns I, Adriaensen D, Timmermans JP. The pulmonary neuroepithelial body microenvironment represents an underestimated multimodal component in airway sensory pathways. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2023. [PMID: 36808710 DOI: 10.1002/ar.25171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Exciting new imaging and molecular tools, combined with state-of-the-art genetically modified mouse models, have recently boosted interest in pulmonary (vagal) sensory pathway investigations. In addition to the identification of diverse sensory neuronal subtypes, visualization of intrapulmonary projection patterns attracted renewed attention on morphologically identified sensory receptor end-organs, such as the pulmonary neuroepithelial bodies (NEBs) that have been our area of expertise for the past four decades. The current review aims at providing an overview of the cellular and neuronal components of the pulmonary NEB microenvironment (NEB ME) in mice, underpinning the role of these complexly organized structures in the mechano- and chemosensory potential of airways and lungs. Interestingly, the pulmonary NEB ME additionally harbors different types of stem cells, and emerging evidence suggests that the signal transduction pathways that are active in the NEB ME during lung development and repair also determine the origin of small cell lung carcinoma. Although documented for many years that NEBs appear to be affected in several pulmonary diseases, the current intriguing knowledge on the NEB ME seems to encourage researchers that are new to the field to explore the possibility that these versatile sensor-effector units may be involved in lung pathogenesis or pathobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inge Brouns
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology (CBH), Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Dirk Adriaensen
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology (CBH), Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jean-Pierre Timmermans
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology (CBH), Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Antwerp Centre for Advanced Microscopy (ACAM), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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26
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Planer JD, Morrisey EE. After the Storm: Regeneration, Repair, and Reestablishment of Homeostasis Between the Alveolar Epithelium and Innate Immune System Following Viral Lung Injury. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY 2023; 18:337-359. [PMID: 36270292 PMCID: PMC10875627 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pathmechdis-031621-024344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The mammalian lung has an enormous environmental-epithelial interface that is optimized to accomplish the principal function of the respiratory system, gas exchange. One consequence of evolving such a large surface area is that the lung epithelium is continuously exposed to toxins, irritants, and pathogens. Maintaining homeostasis in this environment requires a delicate balance of cellular signaling between the epithelium and innate immune system. Following injury, the epithelium can be either fully regenerated in form and function or repaired by forming dysplastic scar tissue. In this review, we describe the major mechanisms of damage, regeneration, and repair within the alveolar niche where gas exchange occurs. With a focus on viral infection, we summarize recent work that has established how epithelial proliferation is arrested during infection and how the innate immune system guides its reconstitution during recovery. The consequences of these processes going awry are also considered, with an emphasis on how this will impact postpandemic pulmonary biology and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph D Planer
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; ,
- Penn-CHOP Lung Biology Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Edward E Morrisey
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; ,
- Penn-CHOP Lung Biology Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Penn Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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27
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Extracellular Vesicles' Role in the Pathophysiology and as Biomarkers in Cystic Fibrosis and COPD. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010228. [PMID: 36613669 PMCID: PMC9820204 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In keeping with the extraordinary interest and advancement of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in pathogenesis and diagnosis fields, we herein present an update to the knowledge about their role in cystic fibrosis (CF) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Although CF and COPD stem from a different origin, one genetic and the other acquired, they share a similar pathophysiology, being the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein implied in both disorders. Various subsets of EVs, comprised mainly of microvesicles (MVs) and exosomes (EXOs), are secreted by various cell types that are either resident or attracted in the airways during the onset and progression of CF and COPD lung disease, representing a vehicle for metabolites, proteins and RNAs (especially microRNAs), that in turn lead to events as such neutrophil influx, the overwhelming of proteases (elastase, metalloproteases), oxidative stress, myofibroblast activation and collagen deposition. Eventually, all of these pathomechanisms lead to chronic inflammation, mucus overproduction, remodeling of the airways, and fibrosis, thus operating a complex interplay among cells and tissues. The detection of MVs and EXOs in blood and biological fluids coming from the airways (bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and sputum) allows the consideration of EVs and their cargoes as promising biomarkers for CF and COPD, although clinical expectations have yet to be fulfilled.
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28
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Kuo CS, Darmanis S, Diaz de Arce A, Liu Y, Almanzar N, Wu TTH, Quake SR, Krasnow MA. Neuroendocrinology of the lung revealed by single-cell RNA sequencing. eLife 2022; 11:e78216. [PMID: 36469459 PMCID: PMC9721618 DOI: 10.7554/elife.78216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary neuroendocrine cells (PNECs) are sensory epithelial cells that transmit airway status to the brain via sensory neurons and locally via calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and γ- aminobutyric acid (GABA). Several other neuropeptides and neurotransmitters have been detected in various species, but the number, targets, functions, and conservation of PNEC signals are largely unknown. We used scRNAseq to profile hundreds of the rare mouse and human PNECs. This revealed over 40 PNEC neuropeptide and peptide hormone genes, most cells expressing unique combinations of 5-18 genes. Peptides are packaged in separate vesicles, their release presumably regulated by the distinct, multimodal combinations of sensors we show are expressed by each PNEC. Expression of the peptide receptors predicts an array of local cell targets, and we show the new PNEC signal angiotensin directly activates one subtype of innervating sensory neuron. Many signals lack lung targets so may have endocrine activity like those of PNEC-derived carcinoid tumors. PNECs are an extraordinarily rich and diverse signaling hub rivaling the enteroendocrine system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christin S Kuo
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordUnited States
- Department of Biochemistry and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
| | - Spyros Darmanis
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
| | - Alex Diaz de Arce
- Department of Biochemistry and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
| | - Yin Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
| | - Nicole Almanzar
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordUnited States
| | - Timothy Ting-Hsuan Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
| | - Stephen R Quake
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
- Chan-Zuckerburg BiohubSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Mark A Krasnow
- Department of Biochemistry and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
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29
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Bonavida V, Ghassemi K, Ung G, Inouye K, Thankam FG, Agrawal DK. Novel Approaches to Program Cells to Differentiate into Cardiomyocytes in Myocardial Regeneration. Rev Cardiovasc Med 2022; 23:392. [PMID: 39076655 PMCID: PMC11270456 DOI: 10.31083/j.rcm2312392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
With heart failure (HF) being one of the leading causes of hospitalization and death worldwide, multiple stem cell therapies have been attempted to accelerate the regeneration of the infarct zone. Versatile strategies have emerged to establish the cell candidates of cardiomyocyte lineage for regenerative cardiology. This article illustrates critical insights into the emerging technologies, current approaches, and translational promises on the programming of diverse cell types for cardiac regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Bonavida
- Department of Translational Research, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Kaitlyn Ghassemi
- Department of Translational Research, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Gwendolyn Ung
- Department of Translational Research, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Keiko Inouye
- Department of Translational Research, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Finosh G Thankam
- Department of Translational Research, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Devendra K Agrawal
- Department of Translational Research, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
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30
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Zhang Y, Lan F, Zhang L. Update on pathomechanisms and treatments in allergic rhinitis. Allergy 2022; 77:3309-3319. [PMID: 35892225 DOI: 10.1111/all.15454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a global health problem with increasing prevalence and association with an enormous medical and socioeconomic burden. New recognition of immune cells such as type 2 innate lymphocytes (ILC2s), T helper (Th2) 2 cells, follicular helper T cells, follicular regulatory T cells, regulatory T cells, B cells, dendritic cells, and epithelial cells in AR pathogenesis has been updated in this review paper. An in-depth understanding of the mechanisms underlying AR will aid the identification of biomarkers associated with disease and ultimately provide valuable parameters critical to guide personalized targeted therapy. As the only etiological treatment option for AR, allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) has attracted increasing attention, with evidence for effectiveness of AIT recently demonstrated in several randomized controlled trials and long-term real-life studies. The exploration of biologics as therapeutic options has only involved anti-IgE and anti-type 2 inflammatory agents; however, the cost-effectiveness of these agents remains to be elucidated precisely. In the midst of the currently on-going COVID-19 pandemic, a global life-threatening disease, although some studies have indicated that AR is not a risk factor for severity and mortality of COVID-19, this needs to be confirmed in multi-centre, real-life studies of AR patients from different parts of the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhang
- Department of Allergy, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, China.,Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Lan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, China
| | - Luo Zhang
- Department of Allergy, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, China.,Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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31
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Hill DB, Button B, Rubinstein M, Boucher RC. Physiology and pathophysiology of human airway mucus. Physiol Rev 2022; 102:1757-1836. [PMID: 35001665 PMCID: PMC9665957 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00004.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The mucus clearance system is the dominant mechanical host defense system of the human lung. Mucus is cleared from the lung by cilia and airflow, including both two-phase gas-liquid pumping and cough-dependent mechanisms, and mucus transport rates are heavily dependent on mucus concentration. Importantly, mucus transport rates are accurately predicted by the gel-on-brush model of the mucociliary apparatus from the relative osmotic moduli of the mucus and periciliary-glycocalyceal (PCL-G) layers. The fluid available to hydrate mucus is generated by transepithelial fluid transport. Feedback interactions between mucus concentrations and cilia beating, via purinergic signaling, coordinate Na+ absorptive vs Cl- secretory rates to maintain mucus hydration in health. In disease, mucus becomes hyperconcentrated (dehydrated). Multiple mechanisms derange the ion transport pathways that normally hydrate mucus in muco-obstructive lung diseases, e.g., cystic fibrosis (CF), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), non-CF bronchiectasis (NCFB), and primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD). A key step in muco-obstructive disease pathogenesis is the osmotic compression of the mucus layer onto the airway surface with the formation of adherent mucus plaques and plugs, particularly in distal airways. Mucus plaques create locally hypoxic conditions and produce airflow obstruction, inflammation, infection, and, ultimately, airway wall damage. Therapies to clear adherent mucus with hydrating and mucolytic agents are rational, and strategies to develop these agents are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- David B Hill
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of North Carolina and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Brian Button
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Michael Rubinstein
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Biomedical Engineering, Physics, and Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Richard C Boucher
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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32
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Pulmonary neuroendocrine cells sense succinate to stimulate myoepithelial cell contraction. Dev Cell 2022; 57:2221-2236.e5. [PMID: 36108628 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2022.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary neuroendocrine cells (PNECs) are rare airway cells with potential sensory capacity linked to vagal neurons and immune cells. How PNECs sense and respond to external stimuli remains poorly understood. We discovered PNECs located within pig and human submucosal glands, a tissue that produces much of the mucus that defends the lung. These PNECs sense succinate, an inflammatory molecule in liquid lining the airway surface. The results indicate that succinate migrates down the submucosal gland duct to the acinus, where it triggers apical succinate receptors, causing PNECs to release ATP. The short-range ATP signal stimulates the contraction of myoepithelial cells wrapped tightly around the submucosal glands. Succinate-triggered gland contraction may complement the action of neurotransmitters that induce mucus release but not gland contraction to promote mucus ejection onto the airway surface. These findings identify a local circuit in which rare PNECs within submucosal glands sense an environmental cue to orchestrate the function of airway glands.
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33
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Kotas ME, Moore CM, Gurrola JG, Pletcher SD, Goldberg AN, Alvarez R, Yamato S, Bratcher PE, Shaughnessy CA, Zeitlin PL, Zhang IH, Li Y, Montgomery MT, Lee K, Cope EK, Locksley RM, Seibold MA, Gordon ED. IL-13-programmed airway tuft cells produce PGE2, which promotes CFTR-dependent mucociliary function. JCI Insight 2022; 7:e159832. [PMID: 35608904 PMCID: PMC9310525 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.159832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic type 2 (T2) inflammatory diseases of the respiratory tract are characterized by mucus overproduction and disordered mucociliary function, which are largely attributed to the effects of IL-13 on common epithelial cell types (mucus secretory and ciliated cells). The role of rare cells in airway T2 inflammation is less clear, though tuft cells have been shown to be critical in the initiation of T2 immunity in the intestine. Using bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing of airway epithelium and mouse modeling, we found that IL-13 expanded and programmed airway tuft cells toward eicosanoid metabolism and that tuft cell deficiency led to a reduction in airway prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) concentration. Allergic airway epithelia bore a signature of PGE2 activation, and PGE2 activation led to cystic fibrosis transmembrane receptor-dependent ion and fluid secretion and accelerated mucociliary transport. These data reveal a role for tuft cells in regulating epithelial mucociliary function in the allergic airway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya E. Kotas
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Camille M. Moore
- Center for Genes, Environment, and Health, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Jose G. Gurrola
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Steven D. Pletcher
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Surgical Service, ENT Section, San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Andrew N. Goldberg
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Raquel Alvarez
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Sheyla Yamato
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Preston E. Bratcher
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Pamela L. Zeitlin
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Irene H. Zhang
- Center for Applied Microbiome Sciences, Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA
| | - Yingchun Li
- Center for Genes, Environment, and Health, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Michael T. Montgomery
- Center for Genes, Environment, and Health, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Keehoon Lee
- Center for Applied Microbiome Sciences, Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA
| | - Emily K. Cope
- Center for Applied Microbiome Sciences, Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA
| | - Richard M. Locksley
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Max A. Seibold
- Center for Genes, Environment, and Health, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Erin D. Gordon
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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34
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Zhang N, Xu J, Jiang C, Lu S. Neuro-Immune Regulation in Inflammation and Airway Remodeling of Allergic Asthma. Front Immunol 2022; 13:894047. [PMID: 35784284 PMCID: PMC9245431 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.894047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergic asthma is a common chronic inflammation of the airways and causes airway remodeling eventually. For a long time, investigators have been focusing on the immunological mechanism of asthma. However, in recent years, the role of neuro-regulation in the occurrence of asthma has gradually attracted investigators’ attention. In this review, we firstly describe neuro-immune regulation in inflammation of allergic asthma from two aspects: innate immunity and adaptive immunity. Secondly, we introduce neuro-immune regulation in airway remodeling of asthma. Finally, we prospect the role of pulmonary neuroendocrine cells in the development of asthma. In general, the amount of researches is limited. Further researches on the neural regulation during the occurrence of asthma will help us clarify the mechanism of asthma more comprehensively and find more effective ways to prevent and control asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhang
- National Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnostics and Biotherapy, Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Xi’an, China
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine (IMTM), Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Xi’an, China
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine (IMTM), Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
| | - Congshan Jiang
- National Regional Children’s Medical Center (Northwest), Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine to Pediatric Diseases of Shaanxi Province, Xi’an Key Laboratory of Children’s Health and Diseases, Shaanxi Institute for Pediatric Diseases, Xi’an Children’s Hospital, Affiliated Children’s Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Congshan Jiang, ; Shemin Lu,
| | - Shemin Lu
- National Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnostics and Biotherapy, Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Xi’an, China
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine (IMTM), Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
- National Regional Children’s Medical Center (Northwest), Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine to Pediatric Diseases of Shaanxi Province, Xi’an Key Laboratory of Children’s Health and Diseases, Shaanxi Institute for Pediatric Diseases, Xi’an Children’s Hospital, Affiliated Children’s Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Congshan Jiang, ; Shemin Lu,
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35
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A conserved YAP/Notch/REST network controls the neuroendocrine cell fate in the lungs. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2690. [PMID: 35577801 PMCID: PMC9110333 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30416-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The Notch pathway is a conserved cell-cell communication pathway that controls cell fate decisions. Here we sought to determine how Notch pathway activation inhibits the neuroendocrine cell fate in the lungs, an archetypal process for cell fate decisions orchestrated by Notch signaling that has remained poorly understood at the molecular level. Using intratumoral heterogeneity in small-cell lung cancer as a tractable model system, we uncovered a role for the transcriptional regulators REST and YAP as promoters of the neuroendocrine to non-neuroendocrine transition. We further identified the specific neuroendocrine gene programs repressed by REST downstream of Notch in this process. Importantly, we validated the importance of REST and YAP in neuroendocrine to non-neuroendocrine cell fate switches in both developmental and tissue repair processes in the lungs. Altogether, these experiments identify conserved roles for REST and YAP in Notch-driven inhibition of the neuroendocrine cell fate in embryonic lungs, adult lungs, and lung cancer.
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36
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Caretta A, Mucignat-Caretta C. Not Only COVID-19: Involvement of Multiple Chemosensory Systems in Human Diseases. Front Neural Circuits 2022; 16:862005. [PMID: 35547642 PMCID: PMC9081982 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2022.862005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemosensory systems are deemed marginal in human pathology. In appraising their role, we aim at suggesting a paradigm shift based on the available clinical and experimental data that will be discussed. Taste and olfaction are polymodal sensory systems, providing inputs to many brain structures that regulate crucial visceral functions, including metabolism but also endocrine, cardiovascular, respiratory, and immune systems. Moreover, other visceral chemosensory systems monitor different essential chemical parameters of “milieu intérieur,” transmitting their data to the brain areas receiving taste and olfactory inputs; hence, they participate in regulating the same vital functions. These chemosensory cells share many molecular features with olfactory or taste receptor cells, thus they may be affected by the same pathological events. In most COVID-19 patients, taste and olfaction are disturbed. This may represent only a small portion of a broadly diffuse chemosensory incapacitation. Indeed, many COVID-19 peculiar symptoms may be explained by the impairment of visceral chemosensory systems, for example, silent hypoxia, diarrhea, and the “cytokine storm”. Dysregulation of chemosensory systems may underlie the much higher mortality rate of COVID-19 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) compared to ARDSs of different origins. In chronic non-infectious diseases like hypertension, diabetes, or cancer, the impairment of taste and/or olfaction has been consistently reported. This may signal diffuse chemosensory failure, possibly worsening the prognosis of these patients. Incapacitation of one or few chemosensory systems has negligible effects on survival under ordinary life conditions but, under stress, like metabolic imbalance or COVID-19 pneumonia, the impairment of multiple chemosensory systems may lead to dire consequences during the course of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Caretta
- National Institute for Biostructures and Biosystems (NIBB), Rome, Italy
- Department of Food and Drug Science, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Carla Mucignat-Caretta
- National Institute for Biostructures and Biosystems (NIBB), Rome, Italy
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
- *Correspondence: Carla Mucignat-Caretta,
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Hypoxia Regulates the Self-Renewal of Endometrial Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem-like Cells via Notch Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094613. [PMID: 35563003 PMCID: PMC9104239 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Human endometrium is an incredibly dynamic tissue undergoing cyclic regeneration and shedding during a woman’s reproductive life. Endometrial mesenchymal stromal/stem-like cells (eMSC) contribute to this process. A hypoxic niche with low oxygen levels has been reported in multiple somatic stem cell types. However, the knowledge of hypoxia on eMSC remains limited. In mice, stromal stem/progenitor cells can be identified by the label-retaining technique. We examined the relationship between the label-retaining stromal cells (LRSC) and hypoxia during tissue breakdown in a mouse model of simulated menses. Our results demonstrated that LRSC resided in a hypoxic microenvironment during endometrial breakdown and early repair. Immunofluorescence staining revealed that the hypoxic-located LRSC underwent proliferation and was highly colocalized with Notch1. In vitro studies illustrated that hypoxia activated Notch signaling in eMSC, leading to enhanced self-renewal, clonogenicity and proliferation of cells. More importantly, HIF-1α played an essential role in the hypoxia-mediated maintenance of eMSC through the activation of Notch signaling. In conclusion, our findings show that some endometrial stem/progenitor cells reside in a hypoxic niche during menstruation, and hypoxia can regulate the self-renewal activity of eMSC via Notch signaling.
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38
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Meyers LM, Krawic C, Luczak MW, Zhitkovich A. Vulnerability of HIF1α and HIF2α to damage by proteotoxic stressors. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2022; 445:116041. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2022.116041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Kadota T, Fujita Y, Araya J, Ochiya T, Kuwano K. Extracellular vesicle-mediated cellular crosstalk in lung repair, remodelling and regeneration. Eur Respir Rev 2022; 31:31/163/210106. [PMID: 35082125 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0106-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The unperturbed lung is highly quiescent, with a remarkably low level of cell turnover. However, once damaged, the lung shows an extensive regenerative capacity, with resident progenitor cell populations re-entering the cell cycle and differentiating to promote repair. This quick and dramatic repair response requires interactions among more than 40 different cell lineages in the lung, and defects in any of these processes can lead to various lung pathologies. Understanding the mechanisms of interaction in lung injury, repair and regeneration thus has considerable practical and therapeutic implications. Moreover, therapeutic strategies for replacing lung progenitor cells and their progeny through cell therapy have gained increasing attention. In the last decade, extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes, have been recognised as paracrine mediators through the transfer of biological cargo. Recent work has revealed that EVs are involved in lung homeostasis and diseases. In addition, EVs derived from specific cells or tissues have proven to be a promising cell-free modality for the treatment of lung diseases. This review highlights the EV-mediated cellular crosstalk that regulates lung homeostasis and discusses the potential of EV therapeutics for lung regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsukasa Kadota
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Dept of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Dept of Translational Research for Exosomes, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yu Fujita
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Dept of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan .,Dept of Translational Research for Exosomes, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Araya
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Dept of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ochiya
- Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Kuwano
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Dept of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Miraftabi P, Kirjavainen T, Föhr A, Lohi J, Martelius L. Pathological role of neuroendocrine cells in infants with persistent tachypnoea - are they only bystanders? Acta Paediatr 2022; 111:636-637. [PMID: 34816482 DOI: 10.1111/apa.16192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Päria Miraftabi
- HUS Medical Imaging Center Radiology University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Helsinki Finland
| | - Turkka Kirjavainen
- Department of Pediatrics Children's Hospital University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Helsinki Finland
| | - Anna Föhr
- HUS Medical Imaging Center Radiology University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Helsinki Finland
| | - Jouko Lohi
- Department of Pathology University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Helsinki Finland
| | - Laura Martelius
- HUS Medical Imaging Center Radiology University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Helsinki Finland
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CGRP: A New Endogenous Cell Stemness Maintenance Molecule. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:4107433. [PMID: 35132349 PMCID: PMC8817839 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4107433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells have the ability of self-replication and multidirectional differentiation, but the mechanism of how stem cells “maintain” this ability and how to “decide” to give up this state and differentiate into cells with specific functions is still unknown. The Nobel Prize in physiology and medicine in 2021 was awarded to “temperature and tactile receptor,” which made the pain receptor TRPV1-calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) pathway active again. The activation and blocking technology of CGRP has been applied to many clinical diseases. CGRP gene has complex structure and transcription process, with multiple methylation and other modification sites. It has been considered as a research hotspot and difficulty since its discovery. Drug manipulation of TRPV1 and inhibition of CGRP might improve metabolism and prolong longevity. However, whether the TRPV1-neuropeptide-CGRP pathway is directly or indirectly involved in stem cell self-replication and multidirectional differentiation is unclear. Recent studies have found that CGRP is closely related to the migration and differentiation of tumor stem cells, which may be realized by turning off or turning on the CGRP gene expression in stem cells and activating a variety of ways to regulate stem cell niches. In this study, we reviewed the advances in researches concentrated on the biological effects of CGRP as a new endogenous switching of cell stemness.
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Shah VS, Chivukula RR, Lin B, Waghray A, Rajagopal J. Cystic Fibrosis and the Cells of the Airway Epithelium: What Are Ionocytes and What Do They Do? ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY 2022; 17:23-46. [PMID: 34437820 PMCID: PMC10837786 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pathol-042420-094031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is caused by defects in an anion channel, the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). Recently, a new airway epithelial cell type has been discovered and dubbed the pulmonary ionocyte. Unexpectedly, these ionocytes express higher levels of CFTR than any other airway epithelial cell type. However, ionocytes are not the sole CFTR-expressing airway epithelial cells, and CF-associated disease genes are in fact expressed in multiple airway epithelial cell types. The experimental depletion of ionocytes perturbs epithelial physiology in the mouse trachea, but the role of these rare cells in the pathogenesis of human CF remains mysterious. Ionocytes have been described in diverse tissues(kidney and inner ear) and species (frog and fish). We draw on these prior studies to suggest potential roles of airway ionocytes in health and disease. A complete understanding of ionocytes in the mammalian airway will ultimately depend on cell type-specific genetic manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viral S Shah
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA; , , , ,
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Raghu R Chivukula
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA; , , , ,
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Brian Lin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA; , , , ,
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Avinash Waghray
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA; , , , ,
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Jayaraj Rajagopal
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA; , , , ,
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
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Nino G, Gutierrez M, Rodriguez-Martinez CE. Human neonatal and infant airway epithelial biology: The new frontier for developmental immunology. Expert Rev Respir Med 2022; 16:145-147. [PMID: 35016568 DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2022.2027757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Nino
- Children's National, Washington, 20010-2916 United States
| | - Maria Gutierrez
- Johns Hopkins University, Pediatric Allergy Immunology, Baltimore, United States
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Sun X, Perl AK, Li R, Bell SM, Sajti E, Kalinichenko VV, Kalin TV, Misra RS, Deshmukh H, Clair G, Kyle J, Crotty Alexander LE, Masso-Silva JA, Kitzmiller JA, Wikenheiser-Brokamp KA, Deutsch G, Guo M, Du Y, Morley MP, Valdez MJ, Yu HV, Jin K, Bardes EE, Zepp JA, Neithamer T, Basil MC, Zacharias WJ, Verheyden J, Young R, Bandyopadhyay G, Lin S, Ansong C, Adkins J, Salomonis N, Aronow BJ, Xu Y, Pryhuber G, Whitsett J, Morrisey EE. A census of the lung: CellCards from LungMAP. Dev Cell 2022; 57:112-145.e2. [PMID: 34936882 PMCID: PMC9202574 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The human lung plays vital roles in respiration, host defense, and basic physiology. Recent technological advancements such as single-cell RNA sequencing and genetic lineage tracing have revealed novel cell types and enriched functional properties of existing cell types in lung. The time has come to take a new census. Initiated by members of the NHLBI-funded LungMAP Consortium and aided by experts in the lung biology community, we synthesized current data into a comprehensive and practical cellular census of the lung. Identities of cell types in the normal lung are captured in individual cell cards with delineation of function, markers, developmental lineages, heterogeneity, regenerative potential, disease links, and key experimental tools. This publication will serve as the starting point of a live, up-to-date guide for lung research at https://www.lungmap.net/cell-cards/. We hope that Lung CellCards will promote the community-wide effort to establish, maintain, and restore respiratory health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Anne-Karina Perl
- Division of Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3230 Eden Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Rongbo Li
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Sheila M Bell
- Division of Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Eniko Sajti
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Vladimir V Kalinichenko
- Division of Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3230 Eden Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; Center for Lung Regenerative Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Tanya V Kalin
- Division of Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3230 Eden Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Ravi S Misra
- Department of Pediatrics Division of Neonatology, The University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Hitesh Deshmukh
- Division of Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3230 Eden Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Geremy Clair
- Biological Science Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Jennifer Kyle
- Biological Science Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Laura E Crotty Alexander
- Deparment of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jorge A Masso-Silva
- Deparment of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Joseph A Kitzmiller
- Division of Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Kathryn A Wikenheiser-Brokamp
- Division of Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3230 Eden Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Gail Deutsch
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Laboratories, Seattle Children's Hospital, OC.8.720, 4800 Sand Point Way Northeast, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Minzhe Guo
- Division of Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3230 Eden Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Yina Du
- Division of Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Michael P Morley
- Penn-CHOP Lung Biology Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Michael J Valdez
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Haoze V Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Kang Jin
- Departments of Biomedical Informatics, Developmental Biology, and Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Eric E Bardes
- Departments of Biomedical Informatics, Developmental Biology, and Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jarod A Zepp
- Penn-CHOP Lung Biology Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Terren Neithamer
- Penn-CHOP Lung Biology Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Maria C Basil
- Penn-CHOP Lung Biology Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - William J Zacharias
- Division of Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3230 Eden Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Jamie Verheyden
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Randee Young
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Gautam Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Pediatrics Division of Neonatology, The University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Sara Lin
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Charles Ansong
- Biological Science Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Joshua Adkins
- Biological Science Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Nathan Salomonis
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3230 Eden Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Bruce J Aronow
- Departments of Biomedical Informatics, Developmental Biology, and Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Yan Xu
- Division of Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3230 Eden Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Gloria Pryhuber
- Department of Pediatrics Division of Neonatology, The University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Jeff Whitsett
- Division of Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3230 Eden Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Edward E Morrisey
- Penn-CHOP Lung Biology Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Li G, Liu J, Guan Y, Ji X. The role of hypoxia in stem cell regulation of the central nervous system: From embryonic development to adult proliferation. CNS Neurosci Ther 2021; 27:1446-1457. [PMID: 34817133 PMCID: PMC8611781 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is involved in the regulation of various cell functions in the body, including the regulation of stem cells. The hypoxic microenvironment is indispensable from embryonic development to the regeneration and repair of adult cells. In addition to embryonic stem cells, which need to maintain their self-renewal properties and pluripotency in a hypoxic environment, adult stem cells, including neural stem cells (NSCs), also exist in a hypoxic microenvironment. The subventricular zone (SVZ) and hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) are the main sites of adult neurogenesis in the brain. Hypoxia can promote the proliferation, migration, and maturation of NSCs in these regions. Also, because most neurons in the brain are non-regenerative, stem cell transplantation is considered as a promising strategy for treating central nervous system (CNS) diseases. Hypoxic treatment also increases the effectiveness of stem cell therapy. In this review, we firstly describe the role of hypoxia in different stem cells, such as embryonic stem cells, NSCs, and induced pluripotent stem cells, and discuss the role of hypoxia-treated stem cells in CNS diseases treatment. Furthermore, we highlight the role and mechanisms of hypoxia in regulating adult neurogenesis in the SVZ and DG and adult proliferation of other cells in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaifen Li
- Laboratory of Brain DisordersMinistry of Science and TechnologyCollaborative Innovation Center for Brain DisordersBeijing Institute of Brain DisordersCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Department of NeurosurgeryXuanwu HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Jia Liu
- Laboratory of Brain DisordersMinistry of Science and TechnologyCollaborative Innovation Center for Brain DisordersBeijing Institute of Brain DisordersCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yuying Guan
- Laboratory of Brain DisordersMinistry of Science and TechnologyCollaborative Innovation Center for Brain DisordersBeijing Institute of Brain DisordersCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Department of NeurosurgeryXuanwu HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Xunming Ji
- Laboratory of Brain DisordersMinistry of Science and TechnologyCollaborative Innovation Center for Brain DisordersBeijing Institute of Brain DisordersCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Department of NeurosurgeryXuanwu HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
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46
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Freeland J, Crowell PD, Giafaglione JM, Boutros PC, Goldstein AS. Aging of the progenitor cells that initiate prostate cancer. Cancer Lett 2021; 515:28-35. [PMID: 34052326 PMCID: PMC8494000 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Many organs experience a loss of tissue mass and a decline in regenerative capacity during aging. In contrast, the prostate continues to grow in volume. In fact, age is the most important risk factor for prostate cancer. However, the age-related factors that influence the composition, morphology and molecular features of prostate epithelial progenitor cells, the cells-of-origin for prostate cancer, are poorly understood. Here, we review the evidence that prostate luminal progenitor cells are expanded with age. We explore the age-related changes to the microenvironment that may influence prostate epithelial cells and risk of transformation. Finally, we raise a series of questions about models of aging and regulators of prostate aging which need to be addressed. A fundamental understanding of aging in the prostate will yield critical insights into mechanisms that promote the development of age-related prostatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Freeland
- Molecular Biology Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Preston D Crowell
- Molecular Biology Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Jenna M Giafaglione
- Molecular Biology Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Paul C Boutros
- Departments of Human Genetics & Urology, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center and Institute for Precision Health, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Andrew S Goldstein
- Departments of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology & Urology, Broad Stem Cell Research Center and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, USA.
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47
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Anand H, Ende V, Singh G, Qureshi I, Duong TQ, Mehler MF. Nervous System-Systemic Crosstalk in SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19: A Unique Dyshomeostasis Syndrome. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:727060. [PMID: 34512253 PMCID: PMC8430330 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.727060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with a spectrum of acute neurological syndromes. A subset of these syndromes promotes higher in-hospital mortality than is predicted by traditional parameters defining critical care illness. This suggests that deregulation of components of the central and peripheral nervous systems compromises the interplay with systemic cellular, tissue and organ interfaces to mediate numerous atypical manifestations of COVID-19 through impairments in organismal homeostasis. This unique dyshomeostasis syndrome involves components of the ACE-2/1 lifecycles, renin-angiotensin system regulatory axes, integrated nervous system functional interactions and brain regions differentially sculpted by accelerated evolutionary processes and more primordial homeostatic functions. These biological contingencies suggest a mechanistic blueprint to define long-term neurological sequelae and systemic manifestations such as premature aging phenotypes, including organ fibrosis, tissue degeneration and cancer. Therapeutic initiatives must therefore encompass innovative combinatorial agents, including repurposing FDA-approved drugs targeting components of the autonomic nervous system and recently identified products of SARS-CoV-2-host interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harnadar Anand
- The Saul R. Korey Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Victoria Ende
- Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Gurinder Singh
- Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Irfan Qureshi
- The Saul R. Korey Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
- Biohaven Pharmaceuticals, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Tim Q. Duong
- Department of Radiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, United States
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Mark F. Mehler
- The Saul R. Korey Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
- Institute for Brain Disorders and Neural Regeneration, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
- Rose F. Kennedy Center for Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
- Einstein Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
- Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
- Center for Epigenomics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
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48
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Xu-Chen X, Weinstock J, Rastogi D, Koumbourlis A, Nino G. The airway epithelium during infancy and childhood: A complex multicellular immune barrier. Basic review for clinicians. Paediatr Respir Rev 2021; 38:9-15. [PMID: 34030977 PMCID: PMC8859843 DOI: 10.1016/j.prrv.2021.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The airway epithelium is a complex multicellular layer that extends from the nasopharynx to the small airways. It functions as an immune respiratory barrier during early life that develops, matures, and regenerates to adapt to the changes in the environment. While airway epithelial abnormalities have been identified in several clinical disorders, there is increasing interest in understanding its basic regulation and structure in humans. Indeed, recent advances in technology (e.g. single-cell analysis and new human airway epithelial cell models) have allowed us to identify additional cellular subtypes and functions that overall have greatly improved our understanding of the airway epithelium during health and disease. In this review we summarize key features of the airway epithelium including: 1) multilayer structure and cell heterogeneity; 2) adaptability to different environmental and developmental stimuli; 3) innate recognition; and 4) orchestration of immune responses. We discuss these features with a translational and clinical prospective focusing on the development of human respiratory immunity, particularly during early life.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Gustavo Nino
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Children's National Hospital, George Washington University, Washington, D.C, USA.
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49
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Ward RA, Thompson GR, Villani AC, Li B, Mansour MK, Wuethrich M, Tam JM, Klein BS, Vyas JM. The Known Unknowns of the Immune Response to Coccidioides. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7050377. [PMID: 34065016 PMCID: PMC8151481 DOI: 10.3390/jof7050377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Coccidioidomycosis, otherwise known as Valley Fever, is caused by the dimorphic fungi Coccidioides immitis and C. posadasii. While most clinical cases present with self-limiting pulmonary infection, dissemination of Coccidioides spp. results in prolonged treatment and portends higher mortality rates. While the structure, genome, and niches for Coccidioides have provided some insight into the pathogenesis of disease, the underlying immunological mechanisms of clearance or inability to contain the infection in the lung are poorly understood. This review focuses on the known innate and adaptive immune responses to Coccidioides and highlights three important areas of uncertainty and potential approaches to address them. Closing these gaps in knowledge may enable new preventative and therapeutic strategies to be pursued.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A. Ward
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (R.A.W.); (M.K.M.)
| | - George R. Thompson
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 96817, USA;
| | - Alexandra-Chloé Villani
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (A.-C.V.); (B.L.)
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Bo Li
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (A.-C.V.); (B.L.)
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Michael K. Mansour
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (R.A.W.); (M.K.M.)
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Marcel Wuethrich
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (M.W.); (B.S.K.)
| | - Jenny M. Tam
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Bruce S. Klein
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (M.W.); (B.S.K.)
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Jatin M. Vyas
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (R.A.W.); (M.K.M.)
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-617-643-6444
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50
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Mou H, Yang Y, Riehs MA, Barrios J, Shivaraju M, Haber AL, Montoro DT, Gilmore K, Haas EA, Paunovic B, Rajagopal J, Vargas SO, Haynes RL, Fine A, Cardoso WV, Ai X. Airway basal stem cells generate distinct subpopulations of PNECs. Cell Rep 2021; 35:109011. [PMID: 33882306 PMCID: PMC8140387 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary neuroendocrine cells (PNECs) have crucial roles in airway physiology and immunity by producing bioactive amines and neuropeptides (NPs). A variety of human diseases exhibit PNEC hyperplasia. Given accumulated evidence that PNECs represent a heterogenous population of cells, we investigate how PNECs differ, whether the heterogeneity is similarly present in mouse and human cells, and whether specific disease involves discrete PNECs. Herein, we identify three distinct types of PNECs in human and mouse airways based on single and double positivity for TUBB3 and the established NP markers. We show that the three PNEC types exhibit significant differences in NP expression, homeostatic turnover, and response to injury and disease. We provide evidence that these differences parallel their distinct cell of origin from basal stem cells (BSCs) or other airway epithelial progenitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Mou
- The Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| | - Ying Yang
- Columbia Center for Human Development and Pulmonary Allergy & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Molly A Riehs
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA 02115, USA
| | - Juliana Barrios
- The Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Manjunatha Shivaraju
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Adam L Haber
- Computational Biology and Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Daniel T Montoro
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Kimberly Gilmore
- Division of Neonatology and Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Elisabeth A Haas
- Department of Research, Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA 92123, USA
| | - Brankica Paunovic
- San Diego County Office of the Medical Examiner, San Diego, CA 92123, USA
| | - Jayaraj Rajagopal
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Sara O Vargas
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA 02115, USA
| | - Robin L Haynes
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA 02115, USA
| | - Alan Fine
- Pulmonary Division, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Wellington V Cardoso
- Columbia Center for Human Development and Pulmonary Allergy & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Xingbin Ai
- Division of Neonatology and Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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