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Huo A, Wang J, Li Q, Li M, Qi Y, Yin Q, Luo W, Shi J, Cong Q. Molecular mechanisms underlying microglial sensing and phagocytosis in synaptic pruning. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:1284-1290. [PMID: 37905877 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.385854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Microglia are the main non-neuronal cells in the central nervous system that have important roles in brain development and functional connectivity of neural circuits. In brain physiology, highly dynamic microglial processes are facilitated to sense the surrounding environment and stimuli. Once the brain switches its functional states, microglia are recruited to specific sites to exert their immune functions, including the release of cytokines and phagocytosis of cellular debris. The crosstalk of microglia between neurons, neural stem cells, endothelial cells, oligodendrocytes, and astrocytes contributes to their functions in synapse pruning, neurogenesis, vascularization, myelination, and blood-brain barrier permeability. In this review, we highlight the neuron-derived "find-me," "eat-me," and "don't eat-me" molecular signals that drive microglia in response to changes in neuronal activity for synapse refinement during brain development. This review reveals the molecular mechanism of neuron-microglia interaction in synaptic pruning and presents novel ideas for the synaptic pruning of microglia in disease, thereby providing important clues for discovery of target drugs and development of nervous system disease treatment methods targeting synaptic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anran Huo
- Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University; Institute of Neuroscience and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jiali Wang
- Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University; Institute of Neuroscience and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qi Li
- Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University; Institute of Neuroscience and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Mengqi Li
- Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University; Institute of Neuroscience and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yuwan Qi
- Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University; Institute of Neuroscience and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qiao Yin
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Weifeng Luo
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jijun Shi
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qifei Cong
- Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University; Institute of Neuroscience and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
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Li D, Wang Y, Guo Y, Wang W. Bioinformatics analysis reveals multiple functional changes in astrocytes in temporal lobe epilepsy. Brain Res 2024; 1831:148820. [PMID: 38417653 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.148820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Epilepsy is a prevalent chronic neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures and brain dysfunction. Existing antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) mainly act on neurons and provide symptomatic control of seizures, but they do not modify the progression of epilepsy and may cause serious adverse effects. Increasing evidence suggests that reactive astrogliosis is critical in the pathophysiology of epilepsy. However, the function of reactive astrocytes in epilepsy has not been thoroughly explored. To provide a new perspective on the role of reactive astrocytes in epileptogenesis, we identified human astrocyte-specific genes and found 131 of these genes significantly differentially expressed in human temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) datasets. Multiple astrocytic functions, such as cell adhesion, cell morphogenesis, actin filament-based process, apoptotic cell clearance and response to oxidative stress, were found to be promoted. Moreover, multiple altered astrocyte-specific genes were enriched in phagocytosis, perisynaptic astrocyte processes (PAPs), plasticity, and synaptic functions. Nine hub genes (ERBB2, GFAP, NOTCH2, ITGAV, ABCA1, AQP4, LRP1, GJA1, and YAP1) were identified by protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis. The correlation between the expression of these hub genes and seizure frequency, as well as epilepsy-related factors, including inflammatory mediators, complement factors, glutamate excitotoxicity and astrocyte reactivity, were analyzed. Additionally, upstream transcription factors of the hub genes were predicted. Finally, astrogliosis and the expression of the hub genes were validated in an epileptic rat model. Our findings reveal the various changes in astrocyte function associated with epilepsy and provide candidate astrocyte-specific genes that could be potential antiepileptogenic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxiao Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 215 Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China; Neurological Laboratory of Hebei Province, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 215 Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China
| | - Yufeng Wang
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Yansu Guo
- Beijing Geriatric Healthcare Center, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Municipal Geriatric Medical Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Weiping Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 215 Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China; Neurological Laboratory of Hebei Province, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 215 Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China.
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Costanza M, Ciotti A, Consonni A, Cipelletti B, Cattalini A, Cagnoli C, Baggi F, de Curtis M, Colciaghi F. CNS autoimmune response in the MAM/pilocarpine rat model of epileptogenic cortical malformation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2319607121. [PMID: 38635635 PMCID: PMC11047071 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2319607121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of seizures in epilepsy syndromes associated with malformations of cortical development (MCDs) has traditionally been attributed to intrinsic cortical alterations resulting from abnormal network excitability. However, recent analyses at single-cell resolution of human brain samples from MCD patients have indicated the possible involvement of adaptive immunity in the pathogenesis of these disorders. By exploiting the MethylAzoxyMethanol (MAM)/pilocarpine (MP) rat model of drug-resistant epilepsy associated with MCD, we show here that the occurrence of status epilepticus and subsequent spontaneous recurrent seizures in the malformed, but not in the normal brain, are associated with the outbreak of a destructive autoimmune response with encephalitis-like features, involving components of both cell-mediated and humoral immune responses. The MP brain is characterized by blood-brain barrier dysfunction, marked and persisting CD8+ T cell invasion of the brain parenchyma, meningeal B cell accumulation, and complement-dependent cytotoxicity mediated by antineuronal antibodies. Furthermore, the therapeutic treatment of MP rats with the immunomodulatory drug fingolimod promotes both antiepileptogenic and neuroprotective effects. Collectively, these data show that the MP rat could serve as a translational model of epileptogenic cortical malformations associated with a central nervous system autoimmune response. This work indicates that a preexisting brain maldevelopment predisposes to a secondary autoimmune response, which acts as a precipitating factor for epilepsy and suggests immune intervention as a therapeutic option to be further explored in epileptic syndromes associated with MCDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Costanza
- Neuro-Oncology Unit, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan20133, Italy
| | - Arianna Ciotti
- Epilepsy Unit, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan20133, Italy
| | - Alessandra Consonni
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan20133, Italy
| | - Barbara Cipelletti
- Epilepsy Unit, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan20133, Italy
| | - Alessandro Cattalini
- Epilepsy Unit, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan20133, Italy
| | - Cinzia Cagnoli
- Epilepsy Unit, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan20133, Italy
| | - Fulvio Baggi
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan20133, Italy
| | - Marco de Curtis
- Epilepsy Unit, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan20133, Italy
| | - Francesca Colciaghi
- Epilepsy Unit, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan20133, Italy
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Zhao D, Huang ZK, Liang Y, Li ZJ, Zhang XW, Li KH, Wu H, Zhang XD, Li CS, An D, Sun X, An MX, Shi JX, Bao YJ, Tian L, Wang DF, Wu AH, Chen YH, Zhao WD. Monocytes Release Pro-Cathepsin D to Drive Blood-to-Brain Transcytosis in Diabetes. Circ Res 2024; 134:e17-e33. [PMID: 38420756 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.123.323622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microvascular complications are the major outcome of type 2 diabetes progression, and the underlying mechanism remains to be determined. METHODS High-throughput RNA sequencing was performed using human monocyte samples from controls and diabetes. The transgenic mice expressing human CTSD (cathepsin D) in the monocytes was constructed using CD68 promoter. In vivo 2-photon imaging, behavioral tests, immunofluorescence, transmission electron microscopy, Western blot analysis, vascular leakage assay, and single-cell RNA sequencing were performed to clarify the phenotype and elucidate the molecular mechanism. RESULTS Monocytes expressed high-level CTSD in patients with type 2 diabetes. The transgenic mice expressing human CTSD in the monocytes showed increased brain microvascular permeability resembling the diabetic microvascular phenotype, accompanied by cognitive deficit. Mechanistically, the monocytes release nonenzymatic pro-CTSD to upregulate caveolin expression in brain endothelium triggering caveolae-mediated transcytosis, without affecting the paracellular route of brain microvasculature. The circulating pro-CTSD activated the caveolae-mediated transcytosis in brain endothelial cells via its binding with low-density LRP1 (lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1). Importantly, genetic ablation of CTSD in the monocytes exhibited a protective effect against the diabetes-enhanced brain microvascular transcytosis and the diabetes-induced cognitive impairment. CONCLUSIONS These findings uncover the novel role of circulatory pro-CTSD from monocytes in the pathogenesis of cerebral microvascular lesions in diabetes. The circulatory pro-CTSD is a potential target for the intervention of microvascular complications in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhao
- Department of Developmental Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China (D.Z., Z.-K.H., Y.L., Z.-J.L., X.-W.Z., H.W., C.-S.L., X.S., M.-X.A., J.-X.S., Y.-H.C., W.-D.Z.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China (D.Z., K.-H.L., X.-D.Z., Y.-J.B.)
| | - Zeng-Kang Huang
- Department of Developmental Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China (D.Z., Z.-K.H., Y.L., Z.-J.L., X.-W.Z., H.W., C.-S.L., X.S., M.-X.A., J.-X.S., Y.-H.C., W.-D.Z.)
| | - Yu Liang
- Department of Developmental Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China (D.Z., Z.-K.H., Y.L., Z.-J.L., X.-W.Z., H.W., C.-S.L., X.S., M.-X.A., J.-X.S., Y.-H.C., W.-D.Z.)
| | - Zhi-Jun Li
- Department of Developmental Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China (D.Z., Z.-K.H., Y.L., Z.-J.L., X.-W.Z., H.W., C.-S.L., X.S., M.-X.A., J.-X.S., Y.-H.C., W.-D.Z.)
| | - Xue-Wei Zhang
- Department of Developmental Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China (D.Z., Z.-K.H., Y.L., Z.-J.L., X.-W.Z., H.W., C.-S.L., X.S., M.-X.A., J.-X.S., Y.-H.C., W.-D.Z.)
| | - Kun-Hang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China (D.Z., K.-H.L., X.-D.Z., Y.-J.B.)
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Developmental Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China (D.Z., Z.-K.H., Y.L., Z.-J.L., X.-W.Z., H.W., C.-S.L., X.S., M.-X.A., J.-X.S., Y.-H.C., W.-D.Z.)
| | - Xu-Dong Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China (D.Z., K.-H.L., X.-D.Z., Y.-J.B.)
| | - Chen-Sheng Li
- Department of Developmental Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China (D.Z., Z.-K.H., Y.L., Z.-J.L., X.-W.Z., H.W., C.-S.L., X.S., M.-X.A., J.-X.S., Y.-H.C., W.-D.Z.)
| | - Dong An
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shenyang Jianzhu University, China (D.A.)
| | - Xue Sun
- Department of Developmental Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China (D.Z., Z.-K.H., Y.L., Z.-J.L., X.-W.Z., H.W., C.-S.L., X.S., M.-X.A., J.-X.S., Y.-H.C., W.-D.Z.)
| | - Ming-Xin An
- Department of Developmental Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China (D.Z., Z.-K.H., Y.L., Z.-J.L., X.-W.Z., H.W., C.-S.L., X.S., M.-X.A., J.-X.S., Y.-H.C., W.-D.Z.)
| | - Jun-Xiu Shi
- Department of Developmental Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China (D.Z., Z.-K.H., Y.L., Z.-J.L., X.-W.Z., H.W., C.-S.L., X.S., M.-X.A., J.-X.S., Y.-H.C., W.-D.Z.)
| | - Yi-Jun Bao
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China (D.Z., K.-H.L., X.-D.Z., Y.-J.B.)
| | - Li Tian
- Department of Gerontology (L.T., D.-F.W.), Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Di-Fei Wang
- Department of Gerontology (L.T., D.-F.W.), Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - An-Hua Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery (A.-H.W.), Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yu-Hua Chen
- Department of Developmental Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China (D.Z., Z.-K.H., Y.L., Z.-J.L., X.-W.Z., H.W., C.-S.L., X.S., M.-X.A., J.-X.S., Y.-H.C., W.-D.Z.)
| | - Wei-Dong Zhao
- Department of Developmental Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China (D.Z., Z.-K.H., Y.L., Z.-J.L., X.-W.Z., H.W., C.-S.L., X.S., M.-X.A., J.-X.S., Y.-H.C., W.-D.Z.)
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Alkaslasi MR, Lloyd EYH, Gable AS, Silberberg H, Yarur HE, Tsai VS, Tejeda HA, Le Pichon CE. The transcriptional response of cortical neurons to concussion reveals divergent fates after injury. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.26.581939. [PMID: 38463961 PMCID: PMC10925231 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.26.581939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a risk factor for neurodegeneration, however little is known about how different neuron types respond to this kind of injury. In this study, we follow neuronal populations over several months after a single mild TBI (mTBI) to assess long ranging consequences of injury at the level of single, transcriptionally defined neuronal classes. We find that the stress responsive Activating Transcription Factor 3 (ATF3) defines a population of cortical neurons after mTBI. We show that neurons that activate ATF3 upregulate stress-related genes while repressing many genes, including commonly used markers for these cell types. Using an inducible reporter linked to ATF3, we genetically mark damaged cells to track them over time. Notably, we find that a population in layer V undergoes cell death acutely after injury, while another in layer II/III survives long term and retains the ability to fire action potentials. To investigate the mechanism controlling layer V neuron death, we genetically silenced candidate stress response pathways. We found that the axon injury responsive kinase MAP3K12, also known as dual leucine zipper kinase (DLK), is required for the layer V neuron death. This work provides a rationale for targeting the DLK signaling pathway as a therapeutic intervention for traumatic brain injury. Beyond this, our novel approach to track neurons after a mild, subclinical injury can inform our understanding of neuronal susceptibility to repeated impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mor R. Alkaslasi
- Unit on the Development of Neurodegeneration, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Eliza Y. H. Lloyd
- Unit on the Development of Neurodegeneration, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Austin S. Gable
- Unit on the Development of Neurodegeneration, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hanna Silberberg
- Unit on the Development of Neurodegeneration, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hector E. Yarur
- Unit on Neuromodulation and Synaptic Integration, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Valerie S. Tsai
- Unit on Neuromodulation and Synaptic Integration, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hugo A. Tejeda
- Unit on Neuromodulation and Synaptic Integration, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Claire E. Le Pichon
- Unit on the Development of Neurodegeneration, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Liu Y, Jia N, Tang C, Long H, Wang J. Microglia in Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis: A Hub in Epilepsy. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04022-w. [PMID: 38366306 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04022-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
There is growing concern about the role of the microbiota-gut-brain axis in neurological illnesses, and it makes sense to consider microglia as a critical component of this axis in the context of epilepsy. Microglia, which reside in the central nervous system, are dynamic guardians that monitor brain homeostasis. Microglia receive information from the gut microbiota and function as hubs that may be involved in triggering epileptic seizures. Vagus nerve bridges the communication in the axis. Essential axis signaling molecules, such as gamma-aminobutyric acid, 5-hydroxytryptamin, and short-chain fatty acids, are currently under investigation for their participation in drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE). In this review, we explain how vagus nerve connects the gut microbiota to microglia in the brain and discuss the emerging concepts derived from this interaction. Understanding microbiota-gut-brain axis in epilepsy brings hope for DRE therapies. Future treatments can focus on the modulatory effect of the axis and target microglia in solving DRE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyang Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
- The First Clinical Medicine College, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Neural Networks Surgery Team, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ningkang Jia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
- Neural Networks Surgery Team, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- The Second Clinical Medicine College, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuqi Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
- The First Clinical Medicine College, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Neural Networks Surgery Team, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Long
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
- The First Clinical Medicine College, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
- The First Clinical Medicine College, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
- Neural Networks Surgery Team, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Green TRF, Carey SD, Mannino G, Craig JA, Rowe RK, Zielinski MR. Sleep, inflammation, and hemodynamics in rodent models of traumatic brain injury. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1361014. [PMID: 38426017 PMCID: PMC10903352 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1361014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can induce dysregulation of sleep. Sleep disturbances include hypersomnia and hyposomnia, sleep fragmentation, difficulty falling asleep, and altered electroencephalograms. TBI results in inflammation and altered hemodynamics, such as changes in blood brain barrier permeability and cerebral blood flow. Both inflammation and altered hemodynamics, which are known sleep regulators, contribute to sleep impairments post-TBI. TBIs are heterogenous in cause and biomechanics, which leads to different molecular and symptomatic outcomes. Animal models of TBI have been developed to model the heterogeneity of TBIs observed in the clinic. This review discusses the intricate relationship between sleep, inflammation, and hemodynamics in pre-clinical rodent models of TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tabitha R. F. Green
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Sean D. Carey
- Veterans Affairs (VA) Boston Healthcare System, West Roxbury, MA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, West Roxbury, MA, United States
| | - Grant Mannino
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - John A. Craig
- Veterans Affairs (VA) Boston Healthcare System, West Roxbury, MA, United States
| | - Rachel K. Rowe
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Mark R. Zielinski
- Veterans Affairs (VA) Boston Healthcare System, West Roxbury, MA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, West Roxbury, MA, United States
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8
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Wen J, Wang L, Cheng J, Ma T, Wen Q, Li C, Zou Y, Wan X, Wu J, Liu J. Time-series transcriptome reveals inflammatory signature in monocytes and neutrophils following acute heat exposure in mine rescuers. Physiol Rep 2024; 12:e15946. [PMID: 38339831 PMCID: PMC10858336 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Occupational exposure to extreme high temperatures and the increasing global temperatures necessitates a deeper understanding of the impact of heat exposure on human health. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the response of monocytes and neutrophils to heat exposure in occupational population remain to be fully elucidated. This study used longitudinal transcriptome to assess the impact of acute heat exposure (50°C for 30 min) in 10 subjects from a mine rescue team before acute heat exposure (baseline) and at 5 min, 30 min, 1 h, and 24 h after acute heat exposure (recovery). The time-series analysis revealed a coordinated molecular choreography of changes involving inflammation, coagulation, extracellular matrix, and energy metabolism. Importantly, the study characterized the inflammatory signature associated with heat exposure in monocytes and neutrophils, as evidenced by the rapid activation of the inflammation-related transcriptome following heat exposure. Additionally, we pinpointed potential regulators, such as NR4A1, FOSL1, EGR3, and ATF3. In summary, the study suggested that the initial response to heat stress in monocytes and neutrophils from mine rescue team member was primarily characterized by a pro-inflammatory stress response, which could potentially lead to the development of inflammation and ultimately result in a systemic inflammatory response in heatstroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jirui Wen
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery/Deep Underground Space Medical Center, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
- State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Construction and Healthy Operation and Maintenance of Deep Underground EngineeringSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Ling Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery/Deep Underground Space Medical Center, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
- State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Construction and Healthy Operation and Maintenance of Deep Underground EngineeringSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Juan Cheng
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery/Deep Underground Space Medical Center, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Tengfei Ma
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery/Deep Underground Space Medical Center, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Qiao Wen
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery/Deep Underground Space Medical Center, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Can Li
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery/Deep Underground Space Medical Center, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Yuhao Zou
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery/Deep Underground Space Medical Center, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Xuehong Wan
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery/Deep Underground Space Medical Center, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
- Med‐X Center for ManufacturingSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Jiang Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery/Deep Underground Space Medical Center, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
- State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Construction and Healthy Operation and Maintenance of Deep Underground EngineeringSichuan UniversityChengduChina
- Med‐X Center for ManufacturingSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Jifeng Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery/Deep Underground Space Medical Center, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
- State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Construction and Healthy Operation and Maintenance of Deep Underground EngineeringSichuan UniversityChengduChina
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9
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Hu Y, Tao W. Current perspectives on microglia-neuron communication in the central nervous system: Direct and indirect modes of interaction. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00006-7. [PMID: 38195039 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incessant communication that takes place between microglia and neurons is essential the development, maintenance, and pathogenesis of the central nervous system (CNS). As mobile phagocytic cells, microglia serve a critical role in surveilling and scavenging the neuronal milieu to uphold homeostasis. AIM OF REVIEW This review aims to discuss the various mechanisms that govern the interaction between microglia and neurons, from the molecular to the organ system level, and to highlight the importance of these interactions in the development, maintenance, and pathogenesis of the CNS. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW Recent research has revealed that microglia-neuron interaction is vital for regulating fundamental neuronal functions, such as synaptic pruning, axonal remodeling, and neurogenesis. The review will elucidate the intricate signaling pathways involved in these interactions, both direct and indirect, to provide a better understanding of the fundamental mechanisms of brain function. Furthermore, gaining insights into these signals could lead to the development of innovative therapies for neural disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Hu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 220023, China; School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Weiwei Tao
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 220023, China; School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
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10
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Bielanin JP, Metwally SAH, Paruchuri SS, Sun D. An overview of mild traumatic brain injuries and emerging therapeutic targets. Neurochem Int 2024; 172:105655. [PMID: 38072207 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2023.105655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/01/2024]
Abstract
The majority of traumatic brain injuries (TBIs), approximately 90%, are classified as mild (mTBIs). Globally, an estimated 4 million injuries occur each year from concussions or mTBIs, highlighting their significance as a public health crisis. TBIs can lead to substantial long-term health consequences, including an increased risk of developing Alzheimer's Disease, Parkinson's Disease (PD), chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), and nearly doubling one's risk of suicide. However, the current management of mTBIs in clinical practice and the available treatment options are limited. There exists an unmet need for effective therapy. This review addresses various aspects of mTBIs based on the most up-to-date literature review, with the goal of stimulating translational research to identify new therapeutic targets and improve our understanding of pathogenic mechanisms. First, we provide a summary of mTBI symptomatology and current diagnostic parameters such as the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) for classifying mTBIs or concussions, as well as the utility of alternative diagnostic parameters, including imaging techniques like MRI with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and serum biomarkers such as S100B, NSE, GFAP, UCH-L1, NFL, and t-tau. Our review highlights several pre-clinical concussion models employed in the study of mTBIs and the underlying cellular mechanisms involved in mTBI-related pathogenesis, including axonal damage, demyelination, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Finally, we examine a selection of new therapeutic targets currently under investigation in pre-clinical models. These targets may hold promise for clinical translation and address the pressing need for more effective treatments for mTBIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Bielanin
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA; Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Shamseldin A H Metwally
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA; Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Satya S Paruchuri
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA; Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Dandan Sun
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA; Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA; Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
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11
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Loison V, Voskobiynyk Y, Lindquist B, Necula D, Longrois D, Paz J, Holcman D. Mapping general anesthesia states based on electro-encephalogram transition phases. Neuroimage 2024; 285:120498. [PMID: 38135170 PMCID: PMC10792552 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cortical electro-encephalography (EEG) served as the clinical reference for monitoring unconsciousness during general anesthesia. The existing EEG-based monitors classified general anesthesia states as underdosed, adequate, or overdosed, lacking predictive power due to the absence of transition phases among these states. In response to this limitation, we undertook an analysis of the EEG signal during isoflurane-induced general anesthesia in mice. Adopting a data-driven approach, we applied signal processing techniques to track θ- and δ-band dynamics, along with iso-electric suppressions. Combining this approach with machine learning, we successfully developed an automated algorithm. The findings of our study revealed that the dampening of the δ-band occurred several minutes before the onset of significant iso-electric suppression episodes. Furthermore, a distinct γ-frequency oscillation was observed, persisting for several minutes during the recovery phase subsequent to isoflurane-induced overdose. As a result of our research, we generated a map summarizing multiple brain states and their transitions, offering a tool for predicting and preventing overdose during general anesthesia. The transition phases identified, along with the developed algorithm, have the potential to be generalized, enabling clinicians to prevent inadequate anesthesia and, consequently, tailor anesthetic regimens to individual patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Loison
- Group of Data Modeling and Computational Biology, Institut de Biologie (IBENS), École Normale Supérieure CNRS, Université PSL Paris, France
| | - Y Voskobiynyk
- Gladstone Institutes, USA; Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - B Lindquist
- Gladstone Institutes, USA; Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - D Necula
- Gladstone Institutes, USA; Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - D Longrois
- Département d'Anesthésie-Réanimation, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - J Paz
- Gladstone Institutes, USA; Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - D Holcman
- Group of Data Modeling and Computational Biology, Institut de Biologie (IBENS), École Normale Supérieure CNRS, Université PSL Paris, France; DAMPT, University of Cambridge and Churchill College, CB30DS, Cambridge, UK.
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12
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Wilton DK, Mastro K, Heller MD, Gergits FW, Willing CR, Fahey JB, Frouin A, Daggett A, Gu X, Kim YA, Faull RLM, Jayadev S, Yednock T, Yang XW, Stevens B. Microglia and complement mediate early corticostriatal synapse loss and cognitive dysfunction in Huntington's disease. Nat Med 2023; 29:2866-2884. [PMID: 37814059 PMCID: PMC10667107 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-023-02566-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a devastating monogenic neurodegenerative disease characterized by early, selective pathology in the basal ganglia despite the ubiquitous expression of mutant huntingtin. The molecular mechanisms underlying this region-specific neuronal degeneration and how these relate to the development of early cognitive phenotypes are poorly understood. Here we show that there is selective loss of synaptic connections between the cortex and striatum in postmortem tissue from patients with HD that is associated with the increased activation and localization of complement proteins, innate immune molecules, to these synaptic elements. We also found that levels of these secreted innate immune molecules are elevated in the cerebrospinal fluid of premanifest HD patients and correlate with established measures of disease burden.In preclinical genetic models of HD, we show that complement proteins mediate the selective elimination of corticostriatal synapses at an early stage in disease pathogenesis, marking them for removal by microglia, the brain's resident macrophage population. This process requires mutant huntingtin to be expressed in both cortical and striatal neurons. Inhibition of this complement-dependent elimination mechanism through administration of a therapeutically relevant C1q function-blocking antibody or genetic ablation of a complement receptor on microglia prevented synapse loss, increased excitatory input to the striatum and rescued the early development of visual discrimination learning and cognitive flexibility deficits in these models. Together, our findings implicate microglia and the complement cascade in the selective, early degeneration of corticostriatal synapses and the development of cognitive deficits in presymptomatic HD; they also provide new preclinical data to support complement as a therapeutic target for early intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel K Wilton
- F. M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, US.
| | - Kevin Mastro
- F. M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, US
| | - Molly D Heller
- F. M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, US
| | - Frederick W Gergits
- F. M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, US
| | - Carly Rose Willing
- F. M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, US
| | - Jaclyn B Fahey
- F. M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, US
| | - Arnaud Frouin
- F. M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, US
| | - Anthony Daggett
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Gu
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yejin A Kim
- F. M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, US
| | - Richard L M Faull
- Department of Anatomy with Radiology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Suman Jayadev
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ted Yednock
- Annexon Biosciences, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - X William Yang
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Beth Stevens
- F. M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, US.
- Stanley Center, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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13
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Richards T, Perron JC, Patel K, Wurpel J, Reznik SE, Schanne F. Therapeutic Intervention of Neuroinflammatory Alzheimer Disease Model by Inhibition of Classical Complement Pathway with the Use of Anti-C1r Loaded Exosomes. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3399248. [PMID: 37886595 PMCID: PMC10602145 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3399248/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex neurodegenerative disease associated with memory decline, cognitive impairment, amyloid plaque formation and tau tangles. Neuroinflammation has been shown to be a precursor to apparent amyloid plaque accumulation and subsequent synaptic loss and cognitive decline. In this study, the ability of a novel, small molecule, T-ALZ01, to inhibit neuroinflammatory processes was analyzed. T-ALZ01, an inhibitor of complement component C1r, demonstrated a significant reduction in the levels of the inflammatory cytokines, IL-6 and TNF-α in vitro. An LPS-induced animal model, whereby animals were injected intraperitoneally with 0.5 mg/kg LPS, was used to analyze the effect of T-ALZ01 on neuroinflammation in vivo. Moreover, exosomes (nanosized, endogenous extracellular vehicles) were used as drug delivery vehicles to facilitate intranasal administration of T-ALZ01 across the blood-brain barrier. T-ALZ01 demonstrated significant reduction in degenerating neurons and the activation of resident microglia and astrocytes, as well as inflammatory markers in vivo. This study demonstrates a significant use of small molecule complement inhibitors via exosome drug delivery as a possible therapeutic in disorders characterized by neuroinflammation, such AD.
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14
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Kareem S, Jacob A, Mathew J, Quigg RJ, Alexander JJ. Complement: Functions, location and implications. Immunology 2023; 170:180-192. [PMID: 37222083 PMCID: PMC10524990 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The complement system, an arm of the innate immune system plays a critical role in both health and disease. The complement system is highly complex with dual possibilities, helping or hurting the host, depending on the location and local microenvironment. The traditionally known functions of complement include surveillance, pathogen recognition, immune complex trafficking, processing and pathogen elimination. The noncanonical functions of the complement system include their roles in development, differentiation, local homeostasis and other cellular functions. Complement proteins are present in both, the plasma and on the membranes. Complement activation occurs both extra- and intracellularly, which leads to considerable pleiotropy in their activity. In order to design more desirable and effective therapies, it is important to understand the different functions of complement, and its location-based and tissue-specific responses. This manuscript will provide a brief overview into the complex nature of the complement cascade, outlining some of their complement-independent functions, their effects at different locale, and their implication in disease settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samer Kareem
- Department of Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States
| | - Alexander Jacob
- Department of Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States
| | - John Mathew
- Department of Rheumatology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Richard J Quigg
- Department of Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States
| | - Jessy J Alexander
- Department of Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States
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15
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Yang Q, Zhang L, Li M, Xu Y, Chen X, Yuan R, Ou X, He M, Liao M, Zhang L, Dai H, Lv M, Xie X, Liang W, Chen X. Single-nucleus transcriptomic mapping uncovers targets for traumatic brain injury. Genome Res 2023; 33:1818-1832. [PMID: 37730437 PMCID: PMC10691476 DOI: 10.1101/gr.277881.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
The subventricular zone (SVZ) is a neurogenic niche that contributes to homeostasis and repair after brain injury. However, the effects of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) on the divergence of the regulatory DNA landscape within the SVZ and its link to functional alterations remain unexplored. In this study, we mapped the transcriptome atlas of murine SVZ and its responses to mTBI at the single-cell level. We observed cell-specific gene expression changes following mTBI and unveiled diverse cell-to-cell interaction networks that influence a wide array of cellular processes. Moreover, we report novel neurogenesis lineage trajectories and related key transcription factors, which we validate through loss-of-function experiments. Specifically, we validate the role of Tcf7l1, a cell cycle gene regulator, in promoting neural stem cell differentiation toward the neuronal lineage after mTBI, providing a potential target for regenerative medicine. Overall, our study profiles an SVZ transcriptome reference map, which underlies the differential cellular behavior in response to mTBI. The identified key genes and pathways that may ameliorate brain damage or facilitate neural repair serve as a comprehensive resource for drug discovery in the context of mTBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyun Yang
- Department of Forensic Genetics, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
- West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lingxuan Zhang
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Manrui Li
- Department of Forensic Genetics, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Yang Xu
- Department of Forensic Genetics, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Xiaogang Chen
- Department of Forensic Pathology and Forensic Clinical Medicine, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Ruixuan Yuan
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Xiaofeng Ou
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Min He
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Miao Liao
- Department of Forensic Genetics, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hao Dai
- Department of Forensic Pathology and Forensic Clinical Medicine, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Meili Lv
- Department of Immunology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Xiaoqi Xie
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China;
| | - Weibo Liang
- Department of Forensic Genetics, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China;
| | - Xiameng Chen
- Department of Forensic Pathology and Forensic Clinical Medicine, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China;
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16
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Xing Y, Zhang D, Fang L, Wang J, Liu C, Wu D, Liu X, Wang X, Min W. Complement in Human Brain Health: Potential of Dietary Food in Relation to Neurodegenerative Diseases. Foods 2023; 12:3580. [PMID: 37835232 PMCID: PMC10572247 DOI: 10.3390/foods12193580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The complement pathway is a major component of the innate immune system, which is critical for recognizing and clearing pathogens that rapidly react to defend the body against external pathogens. Many components of this pathway are expressed throughout the brain and play a beneficial role in synaptic pruning in the developing central nervous system (CNS). However, excessive complement-mediated synaptic pruning in the aging or injured brain may play a contributing role in a wide range of neurodegenerative diseases. Complement Component 1q (C1q), an initiating recognition molecule of the classical complement pathway, can interact with a variety of ligands and perform a range of functions in physiological and pathophysiological conditions of the CNS. This review considers the function and immunomodulatory mechanisms of C1q; the emerging role of C1q on synaptic pruning in developing, aging, or pathological CNS; the relevance of C1q; the complement pathway to neurodegenerative diseases; and, finally, it summarizes the foods with beneficial effects in neurodegenerative diseases via C1q and complement pathway and highlights the need for further research to clarify these roles. This paper aims to provide references for the subsequent study of food functions related to C1q, complement, neurodegenerative diseases, and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihang Xing
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (Y.X.); (D.Z.); (L.F.); (J.W.); (C.L.); (D.W.); (X.L.)
| | - Dingwen Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (Y.X.); (D.Z.); (L.F.); (J.W.); (C.L.); (D.W.); (X.L.)
| | - Li Fang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (Y.X.); (D.Z.); (L.F.); (J.W.); (C.L.); (D.W.); (X.L.)
| | - Ji Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (Y.X.); (D.Z.); (L.F.); (J.W.); (C.L.); (D.W.); (X.L.)
| | - Chunlei Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (Y.X.); (D.Z.); (L.F.); (J.W.); (C.L.); (D.W.); (X.L.)
| | - Dan Wu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (Y.X.); (D.Z.); (L.F.); (J.W.); (C.L.); (D.W.); (X.L.)
| | - Xiaoting Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (Y.X.); (D.Z.); (L.F.); (J.W.); (C.L.); (D.W.); (X.L.)
| | - Xiyan Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (Y.X.); (D.Z.); (L.F.); (J.W.); (C.L.); (D.W.); (X.L.)
| | - Weihong Min
- College of Food and Health, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
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17
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Yu C, Deng XJ, Xu D. Microglia in epilepsy. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 185:106249. [PMID: 37536386 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is one of most common chronic neurological disorders, and the antiseizure medications developed by targeting neurocentric mechanisms have not effectively reduced the proportion of patients with drug-resistant epilepsy. Further exploration of the cellular or molecular mechanism of epilepsy is expected to provide new options for treatment. Recently, more and more researches focus on brain network components other than neurons, among which microglia have attracted much attention for their diverse biological functions. As the resident immune cells of the central nervous system, microglia have highly plastic transcription, morphology and functional characteristics, which can change dynamically in a context-dependent manner during the progression of epilepsy. In the pathogenesis of epilepsy, highly reactive microglia interact with other components in the epileptogenic network by performing crucial functions such as secretion of soluble factors and phagocytosis, thus continuously reshaping the landscape of the epileptic brain microenvironment. Indeed, microglia appear to be both pro-epileptic and anti-epileptic under the different spatiotemporal contexts of disease, rendering interventions targeting microglia biologically complex and challenging. This comprehensive review critically summarizes the pathophysiological role of microglia in epileptic brain homeostasis alterations and explores potential therapeutic or modulatory targets for epilepsy targeting microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Yu
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430022, China
| | - Xue-Jun Deng
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430022, China
| | - Da Xu
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430022, China.
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18
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Wu D, Cui Y, Cao Y, Wang Y, Zhang J, Guo Y, Yuan B. Clinical implications and mechanism of complement C1q in polymyositis. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s12010-023-04692-7. [PMID: 37624510 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04692-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Polymyositis (PM) is the most common autoimmune disease in neurology and among muscle disorders; it is of great significance to thoroughly understand the mechanism of PM to find new diagnosis and treatment methods. This research intends to elucidate the clinical implications and mechanisms of complement C1q in polymyositis (PM). One hundred fifteen PM patients (research group, RG) and 120 healthy subjects (control group, CG) who visited our hospital between March 2017 and March 2020 were selected. Peripheral blood C1q and creatine kinase (CK) levels of both groups were measured, and their correlations with clinical symptoms and prognostic recurrence of PM. Additionally, to further understand the mechanism of action of C1q in PM, we purchased BALB/c mice and grouped them as follows: control group with normal feeding, PM group with PM modeling, intervention group with PM modeling, and intraperitoneal injection of gC1qR monoclonal antibody 60.11, a C1q protein receptor. Inflammatory factors and muscle histopathology were detected in all groups of mice. Finally, rat macrophages (mø) were isolated, and changes in the biological behavior of mø were observed after silencing the expression of gC1qR. Serum C1q and CK were both higher in RG than in CG, with favorable diagnostic effects on PM (P < 0.05). C1q and CK increased in symptomatic anti-ribonuclear protein antibody (RNP)-positive patients but decreased in anti Jo-1 antibody (Jo-1)- and anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-positive patients (P < 0.05). PM mice were observed with elevated gC1qR, while model mice exhibited severe infiltration of inflammatory cells in muscle tissue, increased pro-IFs, and reduced anti-IFs, and the animals in the intervention group showed improved conditions (P < 0.05). Finally, it was found that CD68, CD86 protein, and invasion capacity of gC1qR-sh-transfected cells decreased, while CD206 and CD163 increased (P < 0.05). C1q is elevated in PM and is strongly linked to the pathological process of PM. Inhibition of gC1qR expression reduced inflammatory infiltration in PM mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital, Neuropsychiatric Institute, School of Medicine, Southeast University, No. 87, Dingjiaqiao, Gulou District, Nanjing, 210003, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Cui
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chest Branch of Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing, 210000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yujia Cao
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital, Neuropsychiatric Institute, School of Medicine, Southeast University, No. 87, Dingjiaqiao, Gulou District, Nanjing, 210003, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanjuan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital, Neuropsychiatric Institute, School of Medicine, Southeast University, No. 87, Dingjiaqiao, Gulou District, Nanjing, 210003, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jinhua Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital, Neuropsychiatric Institute, School of Medicine, Southeast University, No. 87, Dingjiaqiao, Gulou District, Nanjing, 210003, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yijing Guo
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital, Neuropsychiatric Institute, School of Medicine, Southeast University, No. 87, Dingjiaqiao, Gulou District, Nanjing, 210003, Jiangsu, China
| | - Baoyu Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital, Neuropsychiatric Institute, School of Medicine, Southeast University, No. 87, Dingjiaqiao, Gulou District, Nanjing, 210003, Jiangsu, China.
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19
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Schartz ND, Liang HY, Carvalho K, Chu SH, Mendoza-Arvilla A, Petrisko TJ, Gomez-Arboledas A, Mortazavi A, Tenner AJ. C5aR1 antagonism suppresses inflammatory glial gene expression and alters cellular signaling in an aggressive Alzheimer's model. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.22.554306. [PMID: 37662399 PMCID: PMC10473603 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.22.554306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia in older adults, and the need for effective, sustainable therapeutic targets is imperative. Pharmacologic inhibition of C5aR1 reduces plaque load, gliosis and memory deficits in animal models. However, the cellular basis underlying this neuroprotection and which processes were the consequence of amyloid reduction vs alteration of the response to amyloid were unclear. In the Arctic model, the C5aR1 antagonist PMX205 did not reduce plaque load, but deficits in short-term memory in female mice were prevented. Hippocampal single cell and single nucleus RNA-seq clusters revealed C5aR1 dependent and independent gene expression and cell-cell communication. Microglial clusters containing neurotoxic disease-associated microglial genes were robustly upregulated in Arctic mice and drastically reduced with PMX205 treatment, while genes in microglia clusters that were overrepresented in the Arctic-PMX205 vs Arctic group were associated with synapse organization and transmission and learning. PMX205 treatment also reduced some A-1 astrocyte genes. In spite of changes in transcript levels, overall protein levels of some reactive glial markers were relatively unchanged by C5aR1 antagonism, as were clusters associated with protective responses to injury. C5aR1 inhibition promoted signaling pathways associated with cell growth and repair, such as TGFβ and FGF, in Arctic mice, while suppressing inflammatory pathways including PROS, Pecam1, and EPHA. In conclusion, pharmacologic C5aR1 inhibition prevents cognitive loss, limits microglial polarization to a detrimental inflammatory state and permits neuroprotective responses, as well as leaving protective functions of complement intact, making C5aR1 antagonism an attractive therapeutic strategy for individuals with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole D. Schartz
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Heidi Y. Liang
- Department of Developmental & Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Klebea Carvalho
- Department of Developmental & Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Shu-Hui Chu
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Adrian Mendoza-Arvilla
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Tiffany J. Petrisko
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Angela Gomez-Arboledas
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Ali Mortazavi
- Department of Developmental & Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Andrea J. Tenner
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92697
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20
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Kyyriäinen J, Andrade P, Hämäläinen E, Pitkänen A. Sleep Disturbance and Severe Hydrocephalus in a Normally Behaving Wistar Rat With Traumatic Brain Injury. Neurotrauma Rep 2023; 4:384-395. [PMID: 37350791 PMCID: PMC10282974 DOI: 10.1089/neur.2022.0090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
We report on a case study of a Wistar rat that was investigated in detail because it exhibited no N3 sleep in electroencephalography (EEG) after lateral fluid-percussion injury (FPI)-induced traumatic brain injury (TBI). The rat (#112) belonged to a cohort of 28 adult Wistar rats exposed to lateral FPI. Rats were monitored by continuous video EEG for 30 days to follow-up on the evolution of sleep disturbances. The beam walking test was used to measure post-TBI functional recovery. Severity of the cortical lesion area, total brain volume, and cortical volume were measured from histological brain sections. Rat #112 had a normal body and skull appearance. Its baseline body weight did not differ from that of the rest of the cohort. At baseline, rat #112 crossed the beam in 6.3 sec (score range for the rest of the cohort, 4.7-44.3) and showed no evident slipping of the paws, scoring a 5.3 (score range for the rest of cohort, 4.3-6.0). On day 30 post-TBI, however, rat #112 was the only rat with a score of 0 on the beam. Histological analysis at 30 days post-TBI revealed a small 0.6-mm2 post-TBI lesion in the somatosensory cortex (lesion size range for the rest of the cohort, 1.2-10.9). The brain volume of rat #112 was 2-fold larger than the mean volume of the rest of the cohort (1592 vs. 758 mm3), the ventricles were remarkably enlarged, and the layered cerebral cortex was very thin. Analysis of the sleep EEG revealed that rat #112 had rapid eye movement sleep and wakefulness, but no N3 sleep, during the 72-h EEG epoch analyzed. This case report demonstrates that brain abnormalities presumably unrelated to the impact-induced cortical lesion, such as presumed pre-existing hydrocephalus, may worsen TBI-induced behavioral and electrographical outcome measures and complicate the assessment of the cause of the abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenni Kyyriäinen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Pedro Andrade
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Elina Hämäläinen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Asla Pitkänen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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21
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Chung HY, Wickel J, Hahn N, Mein N, Schwarzbrunn M, Koch P, Ceanga M, Haselmann H, Baade-Büttner C, von Stackelberg N, Hempel N, Schmidl L, Groth M, Andreas N, Götze J, Coldewey SM, Bauer M, Mawrin C, Dargvainiene J, Leypoldt F, Steinke S, Wang ZQ, Hust M, Geis C. Microglia mediate neurocognitive deficits by eliminating C1q-tagged synapses in sepsis-associated encephalopathy. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eabq7806. [PMID: 37235660 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abq7806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is a severe and frequent complication of sepsis causing delirium, coma, and long-term cognitive dysfunction. We identified microglia and C1q complement activation in hippocampal autopsy tissue of patients with sepsis and increased C1q-mediated synaptic pruning in a murine polymicrobial sepsis model. Unbiased transcriptomics of hippocampal tissue and isolated microglia derived from septic mice revealed an involvement of the innate immune system, complement activation, and up-regulation of lysosomal pathways during SAE in parallel to neuronal and synaptic damage. Microglial engulfment of C1q-tagged synapses could be prevented by stereotactic intrahippocampal injection of a specific C1q-blocking antibody. Pharmacologically targeting microglia by PLX5622, a CSF1-R inhibitor, reduced C1q levels and the number of C1q-tagged synapses, protected from neuronal damage and synapse loss, and improved neurocognitive outcome. Thus, we identified complement-dependent synaptic pruning by microglia as a crucial pathomechanism for the development of neuronal defects during SAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha-Yeun Chung
- Section of Translational Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena 07747, Germany
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena 07747, Germany
| | - Jonathan Wickel
- Section of Translational Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena 07747, Germany
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena 07747, Germany
| | - Nina Hahn
- Section of Translational Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena 07747, Germany
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena 07747, Germany
| | - Nils Mein
- Section of Translational Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena 07747, Germany
| | - Meike Schwarzbrunn
- Section of Translational Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena 07747, Germany
| | - Philipp Koch
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena 07745, Germany
| | - Mihai Ceanga
- Section of Translational Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena 07747, Germany
| | - Holger Haselmann
- Section of Translational Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena 07747, Germany
| | - Carolin Baade-Büttner
- Section of Translational Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena 07747, Germany
| | - Nikolai von Stackelberg
- Section of Translational Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena 07747, Germany
| | - Nina Hempel
- Section of Translational Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena 07747, Germany
| | - Lars Schmidl
- Section of Translational Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena 07747, Germany
| | - Marco Groth
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena 07745, Germany
| | - Nico Andreas
- Institute of Immunology, Jena University Hospital, Jena 07743, Germany
| | - Juliane Götze
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Jena 07747, Germany
- Septomics Research Center, Jena University Hospital, Jena 07745, Germany
| | - Sina M Coldewey
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena 07747, Germany
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Jena 07747, Germany
- Septomics Research Center, Jena University Hospital, Jena 07745, Germany
| | - Michael Bauer
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena 07747, Germany
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Jena 07747, Germany
| | - Christian Mawrin
- Department of Neuropathology, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Section of Pathology, Institute of Forensic Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Jena 07749, Germany
| | | | - Frank Leypoldt
- Neuroimmunology, Institute of Clinical Chemistry, UKSH, Kiel/Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Christian-Albrechts University, Kiel 24105, Germany
| | - Stephan Steinke
- Department Medical Biotechnology, Institute of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Zhao-Qi Wang
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena 07745, Germany
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena 07745, Germany
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Michael Hust
- Department Medical Biotechnology, Institute of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Christian Geis
- Section of Translational Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena 07747, Germany
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena 07747, Germany
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22
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Zhang W, Ding L, Zhang M, Zheng S, Ma R, Gong J, Mao H, Xu H, Xu P, Zhang Y. Dietary intake of α-ketoglutarate ameliorates α-synuclein pathology in mouse models of Parkinson's disease. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:155. [PMID: 37204481 PMCID: PMC11073026 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04807-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive movement disorder characterized by dopaminergic (DA) neuron degeneration and the existence of Lewy bodies formed by misfolded α-synuclein. Emerging evidence supports the benefits of dietary interventions in PD due to their safety and practicality. Previously, dietary intake of α-ketoglutarate (AKG) was proved to extend the lifespan of various species and protect mice from frailty. However, the mechanism of dietary AKG's effects in PD remains undetermined. In the present study, we report that an AKG-based diet significantly ameliorated α-synuclein pathology, and rescued DA neuron degeneration and impaired DA synapses in adeno-associated virus (AAV)-loaded human α-synuclein mice and transgenic A53T α-synuclein (A53T α-Syn) mice. Moreover, AKG diet increased nigral docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) levels and DHA supplementation reproduced the anti-α-synuclein effects in the PD mouse model. Our study reveals that AKG and DHA induced microglia to phagocytose and degrade α-synuclein via promoting C1q and suppressed pro-inflammatory reactions. Furthermore, results indicate that modulating gut polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism and microbiota Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group in the gut-brain axis may underlie AKG's benefits in treating α-synucleinopathy in mice. Together, our findings propose that dietary intake of AKG is a feasible and promising therapeutic approach for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Liuyan Ding
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Mengran Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
- School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310024, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Shaohui Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
- School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310024, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Runfang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
- School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310024, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Junwei Gong
- Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Hengxu Mao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Huaxi Xu
- Institute for Brain Science and Disease, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Pingyi Xu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
| | - Yunlong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China.
- School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310024, China.
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, 310024, China.
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23
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Veremeyko T, Jiang R, He M, Ponomarev ED. Complement C4-deficient mice have a high mortality rate during PTZ-induced epileptic seizures, which correlates with cognitive problems and the deficiency in the expression of Egr1 and other immediate early genes. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1170031. [PMID: 37234916 PMCID: PMC10206007 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1170031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Complement system plays an important role in the immune defense against pathogens; however, recent studies demonstrated an important role of complement subunits C1q, C4, and C3 in normal functions of the central nervous system (CNS) such as non-functional synapse elimination (synapse pruning), and during various neurologic pathologies. Humans have two forms of C4 protein encoded by C4A and C4B genes that share 99.5% homology, while mice have only one C4B gene that is functionally active in the complement cascade. Overexpression of the human C4A gene was shown to contribute to the development of schizophrenia by mediating extensive synapse pruning through the activation C1q-C4-C3 pathway, while C4B deficiency or low levels of C4B expression were shown to relate to the development of schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorders possibly via other mechanisms not related to synapse elimination. To investigate the potential role of C4B in neuronal functions not related to synapse pruning, we compared wildtype (WT) mice with C3- and C4B- deficient animals for their susceptibility to pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)- induced epileptic seizures. We found that C4B (but not C3)-deficient mice were highly susceptible to convulsant and subconvulsant doses of PTZ when compared to WT controls. Further gene expression analysis revealed that in contrast to WT or C3-deficient animals, C4B-deficient mice failed to upregulate expressions of multiple immediate early genes (IEGs) Egrs1-4, c-Fos, c-Jus, FosB, Npas4, and Nur77 during epileptic seizures. Moreover, C4B-deficient mice had low levels of baseline expression of Egr1 on mRNA and protein levels, which was correlated with the cognitive problems of these animals. C4-deficient animals also failed to upregulate several genes downstream of IEGs such as BDNF and pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF. Taken together, our study demonstrates a new role of C4B in the regulation of expression of IEGs and their downstream targets during CNS insults such as epileptic seizures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana Veremeyko
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
- Chinese University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research of Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Rongcai Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post Neuro-Injury Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin, China
| | - Mingliang He
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Eugene D. Ponomarev
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
- Chinese University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research of Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
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24
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Cao K, Qiu L, Lu X, Wu W, Hu Y, Cui Z, Jiang C, Luo Y, Shao Y, Xi W, Zeng LH, Xu H, Ma H, Zhang Z, Peng J, Duan S, Gao Z. Microglia modulate general anesthesia through P2Y 12 receptor. Curr Biol 2023:S0960-9822(23)00529-8. [PMID: 37167975 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
General anesthesia (GA) is an unconscious state produced by anesthetic drugs, which act on neurons to cause overall suppression of neuronal activity in the brain. Recent studies have revealed that GA also substantially enhances the dynamics of microglia, the primary brain immune cells, with increased process motility and territory surveillance. However, whether microglia are actively involved in GA modulation remains unknown. Here, we report a previously unrecognized role for microglia engaging in multiple GA processes. We found that microglial ablation reduced the sensitivity of mice to anesthetics and substantially shortened duration of loss of righting reflex (LORR) or unconsciousness induced by multiple anesthetics, thereby promoting earlier emergence from GA. Microglial repopulation restored the regular anesthetic recovery, and chemogenetic activation of microglia prolonged the duration of LORR. In addition, anesthesia-accompanying analgesia and hypothermia were also attenuated after microglial depletion. Single-cell RNA sequencing analyses showed that anesthesia prominently affected the transcriptional levels of chemotaxis and migration-related genes in microglia. By pharmacologically targeting different microglial motility pathways, we found that blocking P2Y12 receptor (P2Y12R) reduced the duration of LORR of mice. Moreover, genetic ablation of P2Y12R in microglia also promoted quicker recovery in mice from anesthesia, verifying the importance of microglial P2Y12R in anesthetic regulation. Our work presents the first evidence that microglia actively participate in multiple processes of GA through P2Y12R-mediated signaling and expands the non-immune roles of microglia in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelei Cao
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Neurology of Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science and Brain-Machine Integration, State Key Laboratory of Brain-Machine Intelligence, Zhejiang University, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou 311121, China; NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Liyao Qiu
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Neurology of Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science and Brain-Machine Integration, State Key Laboratory of Brain-Machine Intelligence, Zhejiang University, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou 311121, China; NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xuan Lu
- Spine Lab, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Weiying Wu
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Neurology of Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science and Brain-Machine Integration, State Key Laboratory of Brain-Machine Intelligence, Zhejiang University, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou 311121, China; NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yaling Hu
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Neurology of Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science and Brain-Machine Integration, State Key Laboratory of Brain-Machine Intelligence, Zhejiang University, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou 311121, China; NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhicheng Cui
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Chao Jiang
- Spine Lab, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Yuxiang Luo
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Neurology of Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science and Brain-Machine Integration, State Key Laboratory of Brain-Machine Intelligence, Zhejiang University, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou 311121, China; NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yujin Shao
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Neurology of Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science and Brain-Machine Integration, State Key Laboratory of Brain-Machine Intelligence, Zhejiang University, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou 311121, China; NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Wang Xi
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and Technology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Ling-Hui Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Han Xu
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Neurology of Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science and Brain-Machine Integration, State Key Laboratory of Brain-Machine Intelligence, Zhejiang University, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou 311121, China; NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Huan Ma
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Neurology of Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science and Brain-Machine Integration, State Key Laboratory of Brain-Machine Intelligence, Zhejiang University, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou 311121, China; NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhi Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Jiyun Peng
- Institute of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, China
| | - Shumin Duan
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Neurology of Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science and Brain-Machine Integration, State Key Laboratory of Brain-Machine Intelligence, Zhejiang University, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou 311121, China; NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Zhihua Gao
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Neurology of Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science and Brain-Machine Integration, State Key Laboratory of Brain-Machine Intelligence, Zhejiang University, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou 311121, China; NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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25
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Gschwind T, Zeine A, Raikov I, Markowitz JE, Gillis WF, Felong S, Isom LL, Datta SR, Soltesz I. Hidden behavioral fingerprints in epilepsy. Neuron 2023; 111:1440-1452.e5. [PMID: 36841241 PMCID: PMC10164063 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
Epilepsy is a major disorder affecting millions of people. Although modern electrophysiological and imaging approaches provide high-resolution access to the multi-scale brain circuit malfunctions in epilepsy, our understanding of how behavior changes with epilepsy has remained rudimentary. As a result, screening for new therapies for children and adults with devastating epilepsies still relies on the inherently subjective, semi-quantitative assessment of a handful of pre-selected behavioral signs of epilepsy in animal models. Here, we use machine learning-assisted 3D video analysis to reveal hidden behavioral phenotypes in mice with acquired and genetic epilepsies and track their alterations during post-insult epileptogenesis and in response to anti-epileptic drugs. These results show the persistent reconfiguration of behavioral fingerprints in epilepsy and indicate that they can be employed for rapid, automated anti-epileptic drug testing at scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tilo Gschwind
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Ayman Zeine
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ivan Raikov
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | | - Winthrop F Gillis
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sylwia Felong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Lori L Isom
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | | | - Ivan Soltesz
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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26
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Cao K, Hu Y, Gao Z. Sense to Tune: Engaging Microglia with Dynamic Neuronal Activity. Neurosci Bull 2023; 39:553-556. [PMID: 36577882 PMCID: PMC10043096 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-022-01010-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kelei Cao
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Neurology of The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science and Brain-Machine Integration, State Key Laboratory of Brain-Machine Intelligence, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yaling Hu
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Neurology of The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- Liangzhu Laboratory, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science and Brain-Machine Integration, State Key Laboratory of Brain-Machine Intelligence, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 311121, China.
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Zhihua Gao
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Neurology of The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- Liangzhu Laboratory, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science and Brain-Machine Integration, State Key Laboratory of Brain-Machine Intelligence, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 311121, China.
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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27
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De Schepper S, Ge JZ, Crowley G, Ferreira LSS, Garceau D, Toomey CE, Sokolova D, Rueda-Carrasco J, Shin SH, Kim JS, Childs T, Lashley T, Burden JJ, Sasner M, Sala Frigerio C, Jung S, Hong S. Perivascular cells induce microglial phagocytic states and synaptic engulfment via SPP1 in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease. Nat Neurosci 2023; 26:406-415. [PMID: 36747024 PMCID: PMC9991912 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-023-01257-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by synaptic loss, which can result from dysfunctional microglial phagocytosis and complement activation. However, what signals drive aberrant microglia-mediated engulfment of synapses in AD is unclear. Here we report that secreted phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1/osteopontin) is upregulated predominantly by perivascular macrophages and, to a lesser extent, by perivascular fibroblasts. Perivascular SPP1 is required for microglia to engulf synapses and upregulate phagocytic markers including C1qa, Grn and Ctsb in presence of amyloid-β oligomers. Absence of Spp1 expression in AD mouse models results in prevention of synaptic loss. Furthermore, single-cell RNA sequencing and putative cell-cell interaction analyses reveal that perivascular SPP1 induces microglial phagocytic states in the hippocampus of a mouse model of AD. Altogether, we suggest a functional role for SPP1 in perivascular cells-to-microglia crosstalk, whereby SPP1 modulates microglia-mediated synaptic engulfment in mouse models of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastiaan De Schepper
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Judy Z Ge
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Gerard Crowley
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Laís S S Ferreira
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Christina E Toomey
- The Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, Department of Clinical and Movement Neuroscience, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neuroscience, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Dimitra Sokolova
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Javier Rueda-Carrasco
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sun-Hye Shin
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology (IRB), Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Jung-Seok Kim
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology (IRB), Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Thomas Childs
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Tammaryn Lashley
- The Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, Department of Clinical and Movement Neuroscience, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Department of Neurodegenerative diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Jemima J Burden
- Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Carlo Sala Frigerio
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Steffen Jung
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology (IRB), Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Soyon Hong
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK.
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28
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Neuroinflammation microenvironment sharpens seizure circuit. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 178:106027. [PMID: 36736598 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A large set of inflammatory molecules and their receptors are induced in epileptogenic foci of patients with pharmacoresistant epilepsies of structural etiologies or with refractory status epilepticus. Studies in animal models mimicking these clinical conditions have shown that the activation of specific inflammatory signallings in forebrain neurons or glial cells may modify seizure thresholds, thus contributing to both ictogenesis and epileptogenesis. The search for mechanisms underlying these effects has highlighted that inflammatory mediators have CNS-specific neuromodulatory functions, in addition to their canonical activation of immune responses for pathogen recognition and clearance. This review reports the neuromodulatory effects of inflammatory mediators and how they contribute to alter the inhibitory/excitatory balance in neural networks that underlie seizures. In particular, we describe key findings related to the ictogenic role of prototypical inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and TNF) and danger signals (HMGB1), their modulatory effects of neuronal excitability, and the mechanisms underlying these effects. It will be discussed how harnessing these neuromodulatory properties of immune mediators may lead to novel therapies to control drug-resistant seizures.
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29
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Xu X, Yang M, Zhang B, Dong J, Zhuang Y, Ge Q, Niu F, Liu B. HIF-1α participates in secondary brain injury through regulating neuroinflammation. Transl Neurosci 2023; 14:20220272. [PMID: 36815939 PMCID: PMC9921917 DOI: 10.1515/tnsci-2022-0272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
A deeper understanding of the underlying biological mechanisms of secondary brain injury induced by traumatic brain injury (TBI) will greatly advance the development of effective treatments for patients with TBI. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) is a central regulator of cellular response to hypoxia. In addition, growing evidence shows that HIF-1α plays the important role in TBI-induced changes in biological processes; however, detailed functional mechanisms are not completely known. The aim of the present work was to further explore HIF-1α-mediated events after TBI. To this end, next-generation sequencing, coupled with cellular and molecular analysis, was adopted to interrogate vulnerable events in a rat controlled cortical impact model of TBI. The results demonstrated that TBI induced accumulation of HIF-1α at the peri-injury site at 24 h post-injury, which was associated with neuronal loss. Moreover, gene set enrichment analysis unveiled that neuroinflammation, especially an innate inflammatory response, was significantly evoked by TBI, which could be attenuated by the inhibition of HIF-1α. Furthermore, the inhibition of HIF-1α could mitigate the activation of microglia and astrocytes. Taken together, all these data implied that HIF-1α might contribute to secondary brain injury through regulating neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojian Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Injury, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Mengshi Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Injury, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Injury, Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, No. 119 South Fourth Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Injury, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Injury, Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, No. 119 South Fourth Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Jinqian Dong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Injury, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Injury, Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, No. 119 South Fourth Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Yuan Zhuang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Injury, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Injury, Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, No. 119 South Fourth Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Qianqian Ge
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Injury, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Injury, Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, No. 119 South Fourth Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Fei Niu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Injury, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Baiyun Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Injury, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Injury, Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, No. 119 South Fourth Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, China,Nerve Injury and Repair Center of Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
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30
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Kemper C, Ferreira VP, Paz JT, Holers VM, Lionakis MS, Alexander JJ. Complement: The Road Less Traveled. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2023; 210:119-125. [PMID: 36596217 PMCID: PMC10038130 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The complement field has recently experienced a strong resurgence of interest because of the unexpected discovery of new complement functions extending complement's role beyond immunity and pathogen clearance, a growing list of diseases in which complement plays a role, and the proliferation of complement therapeutics. Importantly, although the majority of complement components in the circulation are generated by the liver and activated extracellularly, complement activation unexpectedly also occurs intracellularly across a broad range of cells. Such cell-autonomous complement activation can engage intracellular complement receptors, which then drive noncanonical cell-specific effector functions. Thus, much remains to be discovered about complement biology. In this brief review, we focus on novel noncanonical activities of complement in its "classic areas of operation" (kidney and brain biology, infection, and autoimmunity), with an outlook on the next generation of complement-targeted therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Kemper
- Complement and Inflammation Research Section, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Viviana P Ferreira
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH
| | - Jeanne T Paz
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco CA
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
- Neurosciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - V Michael Holers
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Michail S Lionakis
- Fungal Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; and
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31
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Hu ZP, Wu F, Du YH, Ye M. Association between serum complement 1q and the associated factors of acute ischemic stroke in patients with type 2 diabetes. Hum Exp Toxicol 2023; 42:9603271231188291. [PMID: 37550830 DOI: 10.1177/09603271231188291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine the association between serum complement 1q (C1q) and the associated factors of acute ischemic stroke in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). METHODS The baseline clinical variables of the participants were collected, and the levels of blood lipids, blood sugar, inflammatory cytokines, and C1q in the three groups were then compared. The variables which affected the associated factors of acute ischemic stroke in T2DM cases were determined. RESULTS The levels of C1q in the DAIS group were increased significantly compared with those in the T2DM group. Receiver operating characteristic curve analyses showed that the AUC for C1q and the combined diagnosis of acute ischemic stroke were 0.830 (95%CI 0.747-0.914), with a sensitivity of 0.854 and specificity of 0.780. The results of Pearson's correlation analyses demonstrated that C1q was associated positively with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), fasting blood glucose (PBG), 2-h postprandial blood glucose (2h PG), and high-sensitive C reaction protein (hs-CRP) (all p < .05). Stratified analysis showed that there was a positive relationship between C1q and the associated factors of acute ischemic stroke for partial LDL-C, and hs-CRP strata. Logistic model analysis suggested that C1q was an independent risk factor for acute ischemic stroke in patients with T2DM. After adjusting for potential confounders, a one-standard deviation (SD) increase in C1q level was strongly related to an approximately 1.5-fold increased risk of acute ischemic stroke in cases with a hs-CRP ≥1.78 mg/L. CONCLUSION In DAIS patients, the levels of C1q were increased significantly and were an independent associated factor which affected the occurrence of acute ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Ping Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Central Hospital of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi, China
| | - Fang Wu
- Rehabilitation Medical Center, The Central Hospital of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi, China
| | - Yuan-Hong Du
- Rehabilitation Medical Center, The Central Hospital of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi, China
| | - Mao Ye
- Department of Endocrinology, The Central Hospital of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi, China
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32
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T cells drive aging of the brain. Nat Immunol 2023; 24:12-13. [PMID: 36596892 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-022-01390-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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33
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Zhang W, Chen Y, Pei H. C1q and central nervous system disorders. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1145649. [PMID: 37033981 PMCID: PMC10076750 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1145649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
C1q is a crucial component of the complement system, which is activated through the classical pathway to perform non-specific immune functions, serving as the first line of defense against pathogens. C1q can also bind to specific receptors to carry out immune and other functions, playing a vital role in maintaining immune homeostasis and normal physiological functions. In the developing central nervous system (CNS), C1q functions in synapse formation and pruning, serving as a key player in the development and homeostasis of neuronal networks in the CNS. C1q has a close relationship with microglia and astrocytes, and under their influence, C1q may contribute to the development of CNS disorders. Furthermore, C1q can also have independent effects on neurological disorders, producing either beneficial or detrimental outcomes. Most of the evidence for these functions comes from animal models, with some also from human specimen studies. C1q is now emerging as a promising target for the treatment of a variety of diseases, and clinical trials are already underway for CNS disorders. This article highlights the role of C1q in CNS diseases, offering new directions for the diagnosis and treatment of these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Zhang
- Department of Emergency Intensive Care Unit, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of General Practice, Xingyang Sishui Central Health Center, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuan Chen
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hui Pei
- Department of Emergency Intensive Care Unit, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Hui Pei,
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34
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Wu M, Chen K, Jiang M, Xie F, Cao X, Chen L, Chen Z, Yin X. High plasma complement C4 levels as a novel predictor of clinical outcome in intracerebral hemorrhage. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1103278. [PMID: 36891553 PMCID: PMC9986541 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1103278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The complement cascade is activated and contributes to the brain injury after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Complement component 4 (C4), an important component of complement cascade, has been associated with severity of neurological impairment that occurs during ICH. However, the correlation of plasma complement C4 levels with hemorrhagic severity and clinical outcome in ICH patients has not been reported. Materials and methods This study is a monocentric, real-world, cohort study. In this study, we measured the plasma complement C4 levels of 83 ICH patients and 78 healthy controls. The hematoma volume, the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score, the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score, and the permeability surface (PS) were used to assess and quantify neurological deficit following ICH. Logistic regression analysis was configured to determine the independent relation of plasma complement C4 levels to hemorrhagic severity and clinical outcomes. The contribution of complement C4 to secondary brain injury (SBI) was assessed by changes in plasma C4 levels between admission and at day 7 after ICH. Results There was a significant elevation of plasma complement C4 levels in ICH patients than in healthy controls (40.48 ± 1.07 vs. 35.25 ± 0.60, p < 0.0001), and the plasma complement C4 levels were closely related to the hemorrhagic severity. Moreover, plasma complement C4 levels of patients were positively correlated with the hematoma volume (r = 0.501, p < 0.001), NIHSS score (r = 0.362, p < 0.001), the GCS score (r = -0.490, p < 0.001), and PS (r = 0.683, p = 0.045) following ICH. Logistic regression analysis also confirmed that patients with high plasma complement C4 levels show a poor clinical outcome after ICH (p < 0.001). Meanwhile, the elevated plasma levels at day 7 after ICH indicated the correlation of complement C4 with SBI (p < 0.01). Conclusion Plasma complement C4 levels are significantly elevated in ICH patients and positively correlated with the illness severity. Thus, these findings highlight the importance of complement C4 in brain injury after ICH and provide a novel predictor of clinical outcome for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moxin Wu
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, China.,Jiujiang Clinical Precision Medicine Research Center, Jiujiang, China
| | - Kai Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Min Jiang
- Jiujiang Clinical Precision Medicine Research Center, Jiujiang, China
| | - Fusheng Xie
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, China
| | - Xianming Cao
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, China
| | - Zhiying Chen
- Jiujiang Clinical Precision Medicine Research Center, Jiujiang, China.,Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, China
| | - Xiaoping Yin
- Jiujiang Clinical Precision Medicine Research Center, Jiujiang, China.,Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, China
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35
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Evidence of Chronic Complement Activation in Asymptomatic Pediatric Brain Injury Patients: A Pilot Study. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 10:children10010045. [PMID: 36670596 PMCID: PMC9856304 DOI: 10.3390/children10010045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Physical insult from a mild Traumatic Brain Injury (mTBI) leads to changes in blood flow in the brain and measurable changes in white matter, suggesting a physiological basis for chronic symptom presentation. Post-traumatic headache (PTH) is frequently reported by persons after an mTBI that may persist beyond the acute period (>3 months). It remains unclear whether ongoing inflammation may contribute to the clinical trajectory of PTH. We recruited a cohort of pediatric subjects with PTH who had an acute or a persistent clinical trajectory, each around the 3-month post-injury time point, as well as a group of age and sex-matched healthy controls. We collected salivary markers of mRNA expression as well as brain imaging and psychological testing. The persistent PTH group showed the highest levels of psychological burden and pain symptom reporting. Our data suggest that the acute and persistent PTH cohort had elevated levels of complement factors relative to healthy controls. The greatest change in mRNA expression was found in the acute-PTH cohort wherein the complement cascade and markers of vascular health showed a prominent role for C1Q in PTH pathophysiology. These findings (1) underscore a prolonged engagement of what is normally a healthy response and (2) show that a persistent PTH symptom trajectory may parallel a poorly regulated inflammatory response.
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36
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Catron MA, Howe RK, Besing GLK, St. John EK, Potesta CV, Gallagher MJ, Macdonald RL, Zhou C. Sleep slow-wave oscillations trigger seizures in a genetic epilepsy model of Dravet syndrome. Brain Commun 2022; 5:fcac332. [PMID: 36632186 PMCID: PMC9830548 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcac332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep is the preferential period when epileptic spike-wave discharges appear in human epileptic patients, including genetic epileptic seizures such as Dravet syndrome with multiple mutations including SCN1A mutation and GABAA receptor γ2 subunit Gabrg2Q390X mutation in patients, which presents more severe epileptic symptoms in female patients than male patients. However, the seizure onset mechanism during sleep still remains unknown. Our previous work has shown that the sleep-like state-dependent homeostatic synaptic potentiation can trigger epileptic spike-wave discharges in one transgenic heterozygous Gabrg2+/Q390X knock-in mouse model.1 Here, using this heterozygous knock-in mouse model, we hypothesized that slow-wave oscillations themselves in vivo could trigger epileptic seizures. We found that epileptic spike-wave discharges in heterozygous Gabrg2+/Q390X knock-in mice exhibited preferential incidence during non-rapid eye movement sleep period, accompanied by motor immobility/facial myoclonus/vibrissal twitching and more frequent spike-wave discharge incidence appeared in female heterozygous knock-in mice than male heterozygous knock-in mice. Optogenetically induced slow-wave oscillations in vivo significantly increased epileptic spike-wave discharge incidence in heterozygous Gabrg2+/Q390X knock-in mice with longer duration of non-rapid eye movement sleep or quiet-wakeful states. Furthermore, suppression of slow-wave oscillation-related homeostatic synaptic potentiation by 4-(diethylamino)-benzaldehyde injection (i.p.) greatly attenuated spike-wave discharge incidence in heterozygous knock-in mice, suggesting that slow-wave oscillations in vivo did trigger seizure activity in heterozygous knock-in mice. Meanwhile, sleep spindle generation in wild-type littermates and heterozygous Gabrg2+/Q390X knock-in mice involved the slow-wave oscillation-related homeostatic synaptic potentiation that also contributed to epileptic spike-wave discharge generation in heterozygous Gabrg2+/Q390X knock-in mice. In addition, EEG spectral power of delta frequency (0.1-4 Hz) during non-rapid eye movement sleep was significantly larger in female heterozygous Gabrg2+/Q390X knock-in mice than that in male heterozygous Gabrg2+/Q390X knock-in mice, which likely contributes to the gender difference in seizure incidence during non-rapid eye movement sleep/quiet-wake states of human patients. Overall, all these results indicate that slow-wave oscillations in vivo trigger the seizure onset in heterozygous Gabrg2+/Q390X knock-in mice, preferentially during non-rapid eye movement sleep period and likely generate the sex difference in seizure incidence between male and female heterozygous Gabrg2+/Q390X knock-in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mackenzie A Catron
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Neuroscience Graduate Program, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Rachel K Howe
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Gai-Linn K Besing
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Emily K St. John
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | | | - Martin J Gallagher
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Neuroscience Graduate Program, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Robert L Macdonald
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Neuroscience Graduate Program, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Chengwen Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Neuroscience Graduate Program, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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37
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Qiao N, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Liu X. Synergistic regulation of microglia differentiation by CD93 and integrin β1 in the rat pneumococcal meningitis model. Immunol Lett 2022; 251-252:63-74. [PMID: 36336138 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2022.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae is the main bacterial pathogen of meningitis worldwide, which has a high mortality rate and survivors are prone to central nervous system (CNS) sequelae. In this regard, microglia activation has been associated with injury to the CNS. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between CD93, integrin β1, and microglia activation. In the rat pneumococcal meningitis model, we found significant increases of CD93 and integrin β1 expression and differentiation of M1 phenotype microglia. Furthermore, we showed in vitro siRNA-mediated downregulation of CD93 and integrin β1 expression after infecting highly aggressive proliferating immortalized (HAPI) microglia cells with S. pneumoniae. We observed differentiation of S. pneumonia-infected HAPI microglia cells to the M1 phenotype and significant release of soluble CD93 (sCD93) and integrin β1 expression. Complement C1q and metalloproteinases promoted sCD93 release. We also showed that downregulation of CD93 significantly reduced differentiation to M1 microglia and increased differentiation to M2 microglia. However, addition of recombinant CD93 may regulate microglia differentiation to the M1 phenotype. Furthermore, the downregulation of integrin β1 resulted in downregulation of the CD93 protein. In conclusion, interaction between integrin β1 and CD93 promotes differentiation of microglia to the M1 phenotype, increases the release of pro-inflammatory factors, and leads to nervous system injury in pneumococcal meningitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nana Qiao
- Department of Pediatrics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Jinghui Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Ya Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Xinjie Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.
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38
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Yednock T, Fong DS, Lad EM. C1q and the classical complement cascade in geographic atrophy secondary to age-related macular degeneration. Int J Retina Vitreous 2022; 8:79. [PMID: 36348407 PMCID: PMC9641935 DOI: 10.1186/s40942-022-00431-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Geographic atrophy (GA) secondary to age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a retinal neurodegenerative disorder. Human genetic data support the complement system as a key component of pathogenesis in AMD, which has been further supported by pre-clinical and recent clinical studies. However, the involvement of the different complement pathways (classical, lectin, alternative), and thus the optimal complement inhibition target, has yet to be fully defined. There is evidence that C1q, the initiating molecule of the classical pathway, is a key driver of complement activity in AMD. C1q is expressed locally by infiltrating phagocytic cells and C1q-activating ligands are present at disease onset and continue to accumulate with disease progression. The accumulation of C1q on photoreceptor synapses with age and disease is consistent with its role in synapse elimination and neurodegeneration that has been observed in other neurodegenerative disorders. Furthermore, genetic deletion of C1q, local pharmacologic inhibition within the eye, or genetic deletion of downstream C4 prevents photoreceptor cell damage in mouse models. Hence, targeting the classical pathway in GA could provide a more specific therapeutic approach with potential for favorable efficacy and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ted Yednock
- Annexon Biosciences, 1400 Sierra Point Parkway Building C, 2nd Floor, Brisbane, CA, 94005, USA
| | - Donald S Fong
- Annexon Biosciences, 1400 Sierra Point Parkway Building C, 2nd Floor, Brisbane, CA, 94005, USA.
| | - Eleonora M Lad
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, 2351 Erwin Rd, Durham, NC, 27705, USA
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Bibineyshvili Y, Schiff ND, Calderon DP. Dexmedetomidine-mediated sleep phase modulation ameliorates motor and cognitive performance in a chronic blast-injured mouse model. Front Neurol 2022; 13:1040975. [DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.1040975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple studies have shown that blast injury is followed by sleep disruption linked to functional sequelae. It is well established that improving sleep ameliorates such functional deficits. However, little is known about longitudinal brain activity changes after blast injury. In addition, the effects of directly modulating the sleep/wake cycle on learning task performance after blast injury remain unclear. We hypothesized that modulation of the sleep phase cycle in our injured mice would improve post-injury task performance. Here, we have demonstrated that excessive sleep electroencephalographic (EEG) patterns are accompanied by prominent motor and cognitive impairment during acute stage after secondary blast injury (SBI) in a mouse model. Over time we observed a transition to more moderate and prolonged sleep/wake cycle disturbances, including changes in theta and alpha power. However, persistent disruptions of the non-rapid eye movement (NREM) spindle amplitude and intra-spindle frequency were associated with lasting motor and cognitive deficits. We, therefore, modulated the sleep phase of injured mice using subcutaneous (SC) dexmedetomidine (Dex), a common, clinically used sedative. Dex acutely improved intra-spindle frequency, theta and alpha power, and motor task execution in chronically injured mice. Moreover, dexmedetomidine ameliorated cognitive deficits a week after injection. Our results suggest that SC Dex might potentially improve impaired motor and cognitive behavior during daily tasks in patients that are chronically impaired by blast-induced injuries.
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40
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Schulz K, Trendelenburg M. C1q as a target molecule to treat human disease: What do mouse studies teach us? Front Immunol 2022; 13:958273. [PMID: 35990646 PMCID: PMC9385197 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.958273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The complement system is a field of growing interest for pharmacological intervention. Complement protein C1q, the pattern recognition molecule at the start of the classical pathway of the complement cascade, is a versatile molecule with additional non-canonical actions affecting numerous cellular processes. Based on observations made in patients with hereditary C1q deficiency, C1q is protective against systemic autoimmunity and bacterial infections. Accordingly, C1q deficient mice reproduce this phenotype with susceptibility to autoimmunity and infections. At the same time, beneficial effects of C1q deficiency on disease entities such as neurodegenerative diseases have also been described in murine disease models. This systematic review provides an overview of all currently available literature on the C1q knockout mouse in disease models to identify potential target diseases for treatment strategies focusing on C1q, and discusses potential side-effects when depleting and/or inhibiting C1q.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Schulz
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Division of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Kristina Schulz,
| | - Marten Trendelenburg
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Division of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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41
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Eyolfson E, Carr T, Fraunberger E, Khan A, Clark I, Mychasiuk R, Lohman AW. Repeated mild traumatic brain injuries in mice cause age- and sex-specific alterations in dendritic spine density. Exp Neurol 2022; 357:114172. [PMID: 35863503 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.114172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Mild traumatic brain injuries (mTBI) plague the human population and their prevalence is increasing annually. More so, repeated mTBIs (RmTBI) are known to manifest and compound neurological deficits in vulnerable populations. Age at injury and sex are two important factors influencing RmTBI pathophysiology, but we continue to know little about the specific effects of RmTBI in youth and females. In this study, we directly quantified the effects of RmTBI on adolescent and adult, male and female mice, with a closed-head lateral impact model. We report age- and sex-specific neurobehavioural deficits in motor function and working memory, microglia responses to injury, and the subsequent changes in dendritic spine density in select brain regions. Specifically, RmTBI caused increased footslips in adult male mice as assessed in a beam walk assay and significantly reduced the time spent with a novel object in adolescent male and female mice. RmTBIs caused a significant reduction in microglia density in male mice in the motor cortex, but not female mice. Finally, RmTBI significantly reduced dendritic spine density in the agranular insular cortex (a region of the prefrontal cortex in mice) and increased dendritic spine density in the adolescent male motor cortex. Together, the data provided in this study sheds new light on the heterogeneity in RmTBI-induced behavioural, glial, and neuronal architecture changes dependent on age and sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Eyolfson
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute (ACHRI), Calgary, AB, Canada.
| | - Thomas Carr
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute (ACHRI), Calgary, AB, Canada; Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Hotchkiss Brain Institute (HBI), University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
| | - Erik Fraunberger
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute (ACHRI), Calgary, AB, Canada; Hotchkiss Brain Institute (HBI), University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
| | - Asher Khan
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Hotchkiss Brain Institute (HBI), University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
| | - Isabel Clark
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute (ACHRI), Calgary, AB, Canada; Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Hotchkiss Brain Institute (HBI), University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
| | - Richelle Mychasiuk
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute (ACHRI), Calgary, AB, Canada; Hotchkiss Brain Institute (HBI), University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Alexander W Lohman
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute (ACHRI), Calgary, AB, Canada; Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Hotchkiss Brain Institute (HBI), University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
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42
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Cho FS, Vainchtein ID, Voskobiynyk Y, Morningstar AR, Aparicio F, Higashikubo B, Ciesielska A, Broekaart DWM, Anink JJ, van Vliet EA, Yu X, Khakh BS, Aronica E, Molofsky AV, Paz JT. Enhancing GAT-3 in thalamic astrocytes promotes resilience to brain injury in rodents. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabj4310. [PMID: 35857628 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abj4310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory processes induced by brain injury are important for recovery; however, when uncontrolled, inflammation can be deleterious, likely explaining why most anti-inflammatory treatments have failed to improve neurological outcomes after brain injury in clinical trials. In the thalamus, chronic activation of glial cells, a proxy of inflammation, has been suggested as an indicator of increased seizure risk and cognitive deficits that develop after cortical injury. Furthermore, lesions in the thalamus, more than other brain regions, have been reported in patients with viral infections associated with neurological deficits, such as SARS-CoV-2. However, the extent to which thalamic inflammation is a driver or by-product of neurological deficits remains unknown. Here, we found that thalamic inflammation in mice was sufficient to phenocopy the cellular and circuit hyperexcitability, enhanced seizure risk, and disruptions in cortical rhythms that develop after cortical injury. In our model, down-regulation of the GABA transporter GAT-3 in thalamic astrocytes mediated this neurological dysfunction. In addition, GAT-3 was decreased in regions of thalamic reactive astrocytes in mouse models of cortical injury. Enhancing GAT-3 in thalamic astrocytes prevented seizure risk, restored cortical states, and was protective against severe chemoconvulsant-induced seizures and mortality in a mouse model of traumatic brain injury, emphasizing the potential of therapeutically targeting this pathway. Together, our results identified a potential therapeutic target for reducing negative outcomes after brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances S Cho
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Ilia D Vainchtein
- Department of Psychiatry/Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Yuliya Voskobiynyk
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | | | - Francisco Aparicio
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Bryan Higashikubo
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | | | - Diede W M Broekaart
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, Netherlands
| | - Jasper J Anink
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, Netherlands
| | - Erwin A van Vliet
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, Netherlands.,Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Center for Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1098 XH, Netherlands
| | - Xinzhu Yu
- Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Baljit S Khakh
- Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Eleonora Aronica
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, Netherlands.,Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN), Heemstede 2103 SW, Netherlands
| | - Anna V Molofsky
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.,Department of Psychiatry/Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.,Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Jeanne T Paz
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.,Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
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43
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Wang Z, Wu X, Yan T, Liu M, Yu W, Du Q, Hu W, Zheng Y, Zhang Z, Wang K, Dong X. Elevated Plasma Complement C1q Levels Contribute to a Poor Prognosis After Acute Primary Intracerebral Hemorrhage: A Prospective Cohort Study. Front Immunol 2022; 13:920754. [PMID: 35812425 PMCID: PMC9259799 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.920754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The complement cascade is activated early following intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and causes acute brain injury. We intended to explore the effects of plasma complement component 1q (C1q) levels on hemorrhagic severity and functional outcome in ICH patients. Methods In this prospective cohort study, we measured the plasma C1q levels of 101 ICH patients and 101 healthy controls. The Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score and hematoma volume were used to assess the ICH severity. Poor prognosis was referred to as a Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) score of 1-3 at three months following a stroke. A multivariate logistic regression model was configured to determine the independent relation of plasma C1q levels to severity and poor prognosis. Under receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, prognostic capability of plasma C1q levels was evaluated. Results There was a significant elevation of plasma C1q levels in patients, as compared to controls [median (percentiles 25th-75th), 225.04 mg/l (156.10-280.15 mg/l) versus 88.18 mg/l (70.12-117.69 mg/l); P<0.001]. Plasma C1q levels of patients were independently related to GCS score (t =-3.281, P=0.001) and hematoma volume (t = 2.401, P=0.018), and were highly correlated with the GOS score at 3 months post-stroke (r=-0.658, P<0.001). Plasma C1q levels were obviously higher in poor prognosis patients than in other remainders (median percentiles 25th-75th), 278.40 mg/l (213.81-340.05 mg/l) versus 174.69 mg/l (141.21-239.93 mg/l); P<0.001). Under the ROC curve, plasma C1q levels significantly discriminated the development of poor prognosis (area under ROC curve 0.795; 95% confidence interval, 0.703–0.869; P<0.001). Using maximum Youden method, plasma C1q levels > 270.11 mg/l distinguished patients at risk of poor prognosis at 3 months with 56.52% sensitivity and 94.55% specificity. Meanwhile, the prognostic predictive ability of plasma C1q levels was equivalent to those of GCS score and hematoma volume (both P>0.05). Moreover, plasma C1q levels > 270.11 mg/l independently predicted a poor prognosis at 3 months (odds ratio, 4.821; 95% confidence interval, 1.211-19.200; P=0.026). Conclusion Plasma C1q levels are closely related to the illness severity and poor prognosis of ICH at 3 months. Hence, complement C1q may play an important role in acute brain injury after ICH and plasma C1q may represent a promising prognostic predictor of ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zefan Wang
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wu
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tian Yan
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ming Liu
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenhua Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Quan Du
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongke Zheng
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zuyong Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xixi Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Keyi Wang
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqiao Dong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoqiao Dong,
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44
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Parker SE, Bellingham MC, Woodruff TM. Complement drives circuit modulation in the adult brain. Prog Neurobiol 2022; 214:102282. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2022.102282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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45
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Barahona RA, Morabito S, Swarup V, Green KN. Cortical diurnal rhythms remain intact with microglial depletion. Sci Rep 2022; 12:114. [PMID: 34997092 PMCID: PMC8742049 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04079-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia are subject to change in tandem with the endogenously generated biological oscillations known as our circadian rhythm. Studies have shown microglia harbor an intrinsic molecular clock which regulates diurnal changes in morphology and influences inflammatory responses. In the adult brain, microglia play an important role in the regulation of condensed extracellular matrix structures called perineuronal nets (PNNs), and it has been suggested that PNNs are also regulated in a circadian and diurnal manner. We sought to determine whether microglia mediate the diurnal regulation of PNNs via CSF1R inhibitor dependent microglial depletion in C57BL/6J mice, and how the absence of microglia might affect cortical diurnal gene expression rhythms. While we observe diurnal differences in microglial morphology, where microglia are most ramified at the onset of the dark phase, we do not find diurnal differences in PNN intensity. However, PNN intensity increases across many brain regions in the absence of microglia, supporting a role for microglia in the regulation of PNNs. Here, we also show that cortical diurnal gene expression rhythms are intact, with no cycling gene changes without microglia. These findings demonstrate a role for microglia in the maintenance of PNNs, but not in the maintenance of diurnal rhythms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocio A Barahona
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, 3208 Biological Sciences III, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Samuel Morabito
- Mathematical, Computational and Systems Biology (MCSB) Program, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Vivek Swarup
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, 3208 Biological Sciences III, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Kim N Green
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, 3208 Biological Sciences III, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
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46
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Das M, Mao W, Shao E, Tamhankar S, Yu GQ, Yu X, Ho K, Wang X, Wang J, Mucke L. Interdependence of neural network dysfunction and microglial alterations in Alzheimer's disease-related models. iScience 2021; 24:103245. [PMID: 34755090 PMCID: PMC8561005 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonconvulsive epileptiform activity and microglial alterations have been detected in people with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related mouse models. However, the relationship between these abnormalities remains to be elucidated. We suppressed epileptiform activity by treatment with the antiepileptic drug levetiracetam or by genetic ablation of tau and found that these interventions reversed or prevented aberrant microglial gene expression in brain tissues of aged human amyloid precursor protein transgenic mice, which simulate several key aspects of AD. The most robustly modulated genes included multiple factors previously implicated in AD pathogenesis, including TREM2, the hypofunction of which increases disease risk. Genetic reduction of TREM2 exacerbated epileptiform activity after mice were injected with kainate. We conclude that AD-related epileptiform activity markedly changes the molecular profile of microglia, inducing both maladaptive and adaptive alterations in their activities. Increased expression of TREM2 seems to support microglial activities that counteract this type of network dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Das
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Wenjie Mao
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Eric Shao
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Soniya Tamhankar
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Gui-Qiu Yu
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Xinxing Yu
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Kaitlyn Ho
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Xin Wang
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Jiaming Wang
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Lennart Mucke
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Neurology and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
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47
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Necula D, Cho FS, He A, Paz JT. Secondary thalamic neuroinflammation after focal cortical stroke and traumatic injury mirrors corticothalamic functional connectivity. J Comp Neurol 2021; 530:998-1019. [PMID: 34633669 PMCID: PMC8957545 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
While cortical injuries, such as traumatic brain injury (TBI) and neocortical stroke, acutely disrupt the neocortex, most of their consequent disabilities reflect secondary injuries that develop over time. Thalamic neuroinflammation has been proposed to be a biomarker of cortical injury and of the long-term cognitive and neurological deficits that follow. However, the extent to which thalamic neuroinflammation depends on the type of cortical injury or its location remains unknown. Using two mouse models of focal neocortical injury that do not directly damage subcortical structures-controlled cortical impact and photothrombotic ischemic stroke-we found that chronic neuroinflammation in the thalamic region mirrors the functional connections with the injured cortex, and that sensory corticothalamic regions may be more likely to sustain long-term damage than nonsensory circuits. Currently, heterogeneous clinical outcomes complicate treatment. Understanding how thalamic inflammation depends on the injury site can aid in predicting features of subsequent deficits and lead to more effective, customized therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deanna Necula
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, California, USA.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.,Department of Neurology and the Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Frances S Cho
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, California, USA.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.,Department of Neurology and the Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Andrea He
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jeanne T Paz
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, California, USA.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.,Department of Neurology and the Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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