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Das M, Mao W, Voskobiynyk Y, Necula D, Lew I, Petersen C, Zahn A, Yu GQ, Yu X, Smith N, Sayed FA, Gan L, Paz JT, Mucke L. Alzheimer risk-increasing TREM2 variant causes aberrant cortical synapse density and promotes network hyperexcitability in mouse models. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 186:106263. [PMID: 37591465 PMCID: PMC10681293 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The R47H variant of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) increases the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD). To investigate potential mechanisms, we analyzed knockin mice expressing human TREM2-R47H from one mutant mouse Trem2 allele. TREM2-R47H mice showed increased seizure activity in response to an acute excitotoxin challenge, compared to wildtype controls or knockin mice expressing the common variant of human TREM2. TREM2-R47H also increased spontaneous thalamocortical epileptiform activity in App knockin mice expressing amyloid precursor proteins bearing autosomal dominant AD mutations and a humanized amyloid-β sequence. In mice with or without such App modifications, TREM2-R47H increased the density of putative synapses in cortical regions without amyloid plaques. TREM2-R47H did not affect synaptic density in hippocampal regions with or without plaques. We conclude that TREM2-R47H increases AD-related network hyperexcitability and that it may do so, at least in part, by causing an imbalance in synaptic densities across brain regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Das
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Wenjie Mao
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Yuliya Voskobiynyk
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Deanna Necula
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Irene Lew
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Cathrine Petersen
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Allie Zahn
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Gui-Qiu Yu
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Xinxing Yu
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Nicholas Smith
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Faten A Sayed
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Li Gan
- Helen and Robert Appel Alzheimer's Disease Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jeanne T Paz
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Neurology and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Lennart Mucke
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Neurology and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
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Lindquist BE, Voskobiynyk Y, Goodspeed K, Paz JT. Patient-derived SLC6A1 variant S295L results in an epileptic phenotype similar to haploinsufficient mice. Epilepsia 2023; 64:e214-e221. [PMID: 37501613 PMCID: PMC10592270 DOI: 10.1111/epi.17731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
The solute carrier family 6 member 1 (SLC6A1) gene encodes GAT-1, a γ-aminobutyric acid transporter expressed on astrocytes and inhibitory neurons. Mutations in SLC6A1 are associated with epilepsy and developmental disorders, including motor and social impairments, but variant-specific animal models are needed to elucidate mechanisms. Here, we report electrocorticographic (ECoG) recordings and clinical data from a patient with a variant in SLC6A1 that encodes GAT-1 with a serine-to-leucine substitution at amino acid 295 (S295L), who was diagnosed with childhood absence epilepsy. Next, we show that mice bearing the S295L mutation (GAT-1S295L/+ ) have spike-and-wave discharges with motor arrest consistent with absence-type seizures, similar to GAT-1+/- mice. GAT-1S295L/+ and GAT-1+/- mice follow the same pattern of pharmacosensitivity, being bidirectionally modulated by ethosuximide (200 mg/kg ip) and the GAT-1 antagonist NO-711 (10 mg/kg ip). By contrast, GAT-1-/- mice were insensitive to both ethosuximide and NO-711 at the doses tested. In conclusion, ECoG findings in GAT-1S295L/+ mice phenocopy GAT-1 haploinsufficiency and provide a useful preclinical model for drug screening and gene therapy investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britta E. Lindquist
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, 94158 USA
- University of California, San Francisco, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
| | - Yuliya Voskobiynyk
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, 94158 USA
- University of California, San Francisco, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
| | | | - Jeanne T. Paz
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, 94158 USA
- University of California, San Francisco, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
- Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA
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Voskobiynyk Y, Paz JT. AI-nalyzing Mouse Behavior to Combat Epilepsy. Epilepsy Curr 2023; 23:315-317. [PMID: 37901783 PMCID: PMC10601027 DOI: 10.1177/15357597231185215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Hidden Behavioral Fingerprints in Epilepsy Gschwind T, Zeine A, Raikov I, Markowitz JE, Gillis WF, Felong S, Isom LL, Datta SR, Soltesz I. Neuron . 2023;111(9):1440-1452.e5. doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2023.02.003 . PMID: 36841241; PMCID: PMC10164063 Epilepsy is a major disorder affecting millions of people. Although modern electrophysiological and imaging approaches provide high-resolution access to the multi-scale brain circuit malfunctions in epilepsy, our understanding of how behavior changes with epilepsy has remained rudimentary. As a result, screening for new therapies for children and adults with devastating epilepsies still relies on the inherently subjective, semi-quantitative assessment of a handful of pre-selected behavioral signs of epilepsy in animal models. Here, we use machine learning-assisted 3D video analysis to reveal hidden behavioral phenotypes in mice with acquired and genetic epilepsies and track their alterations during post-insult epileptogenesis and in response to anti-epileptic drugs. These results show the persistent reconfiguration of behavioral fingerprints in epilepsy and indicate that they can be employed for rapid, automated anti-epileptic drug testing at scale.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeanne T Paz
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, University of California, San Francisco, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute, Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience
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4
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Lindquist BE, Timbie C, Voskobiynyk Y, Paz JT. Thalamocortical circuits in generalized epilepsy: Pathophysiologic mechanisms and therapeutic targets. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 181:106094. [PMID: 36990364 PMCID: PMC10192143 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Generalized epilepsy affects 24 million people globally; at least 25% of cases remain medically refractory. The thalamus, with widespread connections throughout the brain, plays a critical role in generalized epilepsy. The intrinsic properties of thalamic neurons and the synaptic connections between populations of neurons in the nucleus reticularis thalami and thalamocortical relay nuclei help generate different firing patterns that influence brain states. In particular, transitions from tonic firing to highly synchronized burst firing mode in thalamic neurons can cause seizures that rapidly generalize and cause altered awareness and unconsciousness. Here, we review the most recent advances in our understanding of how thalamic activity is regulated and discuss the gaps in our understanding of the mechanisms of generalized epilepsy syndromes. Elucidating the role of the thalamus in generalized epilepsy syndromes may lead to new opportunities to better treat pharmaco-resistant generalized epilepsy by thalamic modulation and dietary therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britta E Lindquist
- UCSF Department of Neurology, Division of Neurocritical Care, United States of America; UCSF Department of Neurology, Division of Pediatric Epilepsy, United States of America; UCSF Department of Neurology, United States of America
| | - Clare Timbie
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, United States of America; UCSF Department of Neurology, Division of Pediatric Epilepsy, United States of America; UCSF Department of Neurology, United States of America
| | - Yuliya Voskobiynyk
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, United States of America; UCSF Department of Neurology, United States of America
| | - Jeanne T Paz
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, United States of America; UCSF Department of Neurology, United States of America; Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, UCSF, United States of America.
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5
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Kemper C, Ferreira VP, Paz JT, Holers VM, Lionakis MS, Alexander JJ. Complement: The Road Less Traveled. J Immunol 2023; 210:119-125. [PMID: 36596217 PMCID: PMC10038130 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The complement field has recently experienced a strong resurgence of interest because of the unexpected discovery of new complement functions extending complement's role beyond immunity and pathogen clearance, a growing list of diseases in which complement plays a role, and the proliferation of complement therapeutics. Importantly, although the majority of complement components in the circulation are generated by the liver and activated extracellularly, complement activation unexpectedly also occurs intracellularly across a broad range of cells. Such cell-autonomous complement activation can engage intracellular complement receptors, which then drive noncanonical cell-specific effector functions. Thus, much remains to be discovered about complement biology. In this brief review, we focus on novel noncanonical activities of complement in its "classic areas of operation" (kidney and brain biology, infection, and autoimmunity), with an outlook on the next generation of complement-targeted therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Kemper
- Complement and Inflammation Research Section, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Viviana P Ferreira
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH
| | - Jeanne T Paz
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco CA
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
- Neurosciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - V Michael Holers
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Michail S Lionakis
- Fungal Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; and
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Han RT, Vainchtein ID, Schlachetzki JC, Cho FS, Dorman LC, Ahn E, Kim DK, Barron JJ, Nakao-Inoue H, Molofsky AB, Glass CK, Paz JT, Molofsky AV. Microglial pattern recognition via IL-33 promotes synaptic refinement in developing corticothalamic circuits in mice. J Exp Med 2022; 220:213758. [PMID: 36520518 PMCID: PMC9757845 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20220605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia are critical regulators of brain development that engulf synaptic proteins during postnatal synapse remodeling. However, the mechanisms through which microglia sense the brain environment are not well defined. Here, we characterized the regulatory program downstream of interleukin-33 (IL-33), a cytokine that promotes microglial synapse remodeling. Exposing the developing brain to a supraphysiological dose of IL-33 altered the microglial enhancer landscape and increased binding of stimulus-dependent transcription factors including AP-1/FOS. This induced a gene expression program enriched for the expression of pattern recognition receptors, including the scavenger receptor MARCO. CNS-specific deletion of IL-33 led to increased excitatory/inhibitory synaptic balance, spontaneous absence-like epileptiform activity in juvenile mice, and increased seizure susceptibility in response to chemoconvulsants. We found that MARCO promoted synapse engulfment, and Marco-deficient animals had excess thalamic excitatory synapses and increased seizure susceptibility. Taken together, these data define coordinated epigenetic and functional changes in microglia and uncover pattern recognition receptors as potential regulators of postnatal synaptic refinement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael T. Han
- Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences/Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA,Rafael T. Han:
| | - Ilia D. Vainchtein
- Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences/Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Frances S. Cho
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA,Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA,Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Leah C. Dorman
- Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences/Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA,Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Eunji Ahn
- Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences/Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Dong Kyu Kim
- Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences/Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jerika J. Barron
- Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences/Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Hiromi Nakao-Inoue
- Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences/Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ari B. Molofsky
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Christopher K. Glass
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA,Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jeanne T. Paz
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA,Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA,Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA,Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Anna V. Molofsky
- Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences/Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA,Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA,Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA,Correspondence to Anna V. Molofsky:
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7
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Cho FS, Vainchtein ID, Voskobiynyk Y, Morningstar AR, Aparicio F, Higashikubo B, Ciesielska A, Broekaart DWM, Anink JJ, van Vliet EA, Yu X, Khakh BS, Aronica E, Molofsky AV, Paz JT. Enhancing GAT-3 in thalamic astrocytes promotes resilience to brain injury in rodents. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabj4310. [PMID: 35857628 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abj4310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory processes induced by brain injury are important for recovery; however, when uncontrolled, inflammation can be deleterious, likely explaining why most anti-inflammatory treatments have failed to improve neurological outcomes after brain injury in clinical trials. In the thalamus, chronic activation of glial cells, a proxy of inflammation, has been suggested as an indicator of increased seizure risk and cognitive deficits that develop after cortical injury. Furthermore, lesions in the thalamus, more than other brain regions, have been reported in patients with viral infections associated with neurological deficits, such as SARS-CoV-2. However, the extent to which thalamic inflammation is a driver or by-product of neurological deficits remains unknown. Here, we found that thalamic inflammation in mice was sufficient to phenocopy the cellular and circuit hyperexcitability, enhanced seizure risk, and disruptions in cortical rhythms that develop after cortical injury. In our model, down-regulation of the GABA transporter GAT-3 in thalamic astrocytes mediated this neurological dysfunction. In addition, GAT-3 was decreased in regions of thalamic reactive astrocytes in mouse models of cortical injury. Enhancing GAT-3 in thalamic astrocytes prevented seizure risk, restored cortical states, and was protective against severe chemoconvulsant-induced seizures and mortality in a mouse model of traumatic brain injury, emphasizing the potential of therapeutically targeting this pathway. Together, our results identified a potential therapeutic target for reducing negative outcomes after brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances S Cho
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Ilia D Vainchtein
- Department of Psychiatry/Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Yuliya Voskobiynyk
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | | | - Francisco Aparicio
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Bryan Higashikubo
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | | | - Diede W M Broekaart
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, Netherlands
| | - Jasper J Anink
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, Netherlands
| | - Erwin A van Vliet
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, Netherlands.,Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Center for Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1098 XH, Netherlands
| | - Xinzhu Yu
- Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Baljit S Khakh
- Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Eleonora Aronica
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, Netherlands.,Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN), Heemstede 2103 SW, Netherlands
| | - Anna V Molofsky
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.,Department of Psychiatry/Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.,Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Jeanne T Paz
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.,Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
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8
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Mishra NK, Engel J, Liebeskind DS, Sharma VK, Hirsch LJ, Kasner SE, French JA, Devinsky O, Friedman A, Dawson J, Quinn TJ, Selim M, de Havenon A, Yasuda CL, Cendes F, Benninger F, Zaveri HP, Burneo JG, Srivastava P, Bhushan Singh M, Bhatia R, Vishnu VY, Bentes C, Ferro J, Weiss S, Sivaraju A, Kim JA, Galovic M, Gilmore EJ, Pitkänen A, Davis K, Sansing LH, Sheth KN, Paz JT, Singh A, Sheth S, Worrall BB, Grotta JC, Casillas-Espinos PM, Chen Z, Nicolo JP, Yan B, Kwan P. International Post Stroke Epilepsy Research Consortium (IPSERC): A consortium to accelerate discoveries in preventing epileptogenesis after stroke. Epilepsy Behav 2022; 127:108502. [PMID: 34968775 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2021.108502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jerome Engel
- Department of Neurology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA
| | - David S Liebeskind
- Department of Neurology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Vijay K Sharma
- YLL School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and Division of Neurology, National University Health System, Singapore
| | | | - Scott E Kasner
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Jacqueline A French
- Department of Neurology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York City, USA
| | - Orrin Devinsky
- Department of Neurology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York City, USA
| | - Alon Friedman
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel; Department of Medical Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Jesse Dawson
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Terence J Quinn
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Magdy Selim
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | | | - Clarissa L Yasuda
- Department of Neurology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando Cendes
- Department of Neurology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Felix Benninger
- Department of Neurology, Rabin Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Jorge G Burneo
- Epilepsy Program, Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, and Neuroepidemiology Unit, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Padma Srivastava
- Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Mamta Bhushan Singh
- Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rohit Bhatia
- Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - V Y Vishnu
- Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Carla Bentes
- Department of Neurology, University of Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Jose Ferro
- Department of Neurology, University of Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Shennan Weiss
- Department of Neurology, State University of New York (SUNY) Downstate, NY, USA
| | | | - Jennifer A Kim
- Department of Neurology, Yale University, New Haven, USA
| | - Marian Galovic
- Department of Neurology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Asla Pitkänen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kathryn Davis
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | | | - Kevin N Sheth
- Department of Neurology, Yale University, New Haven, USA
| | - Jeanne T Paz
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, USA; Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | - Anuradha Singh
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, NY, USA
| | - Sunil Sheth
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, Houston, USA
| | - Bradford B Worrall
- Departments of Neurology and Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
| | - James C Grotta
- Department of Neurology, Memorial-Hermann Texas Medical Center, Houston, USA
| | - Pablo M Casillas-Espinos
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Departments of Neurology and Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Zhibin Chen
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Departments of Neurology and Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - John-Paul Nicolo
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Departments of Neurology and Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Bernard Yan
- Departments of Neurology and Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Patrick Kwan
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Departments of Neurology and Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.
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9
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Necula D, Cho FS, He A, Paz JT. Secondary thalamic neuroinflammation after focal cortical stroke and traumatic injury mirrors corticothalamic functional connectivity. J Comp Neurol 2021; 530:998-1019. [PMID: 34633669 PMCID: PMC8957545 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
While cortical injuries, such as traumatic brain injury (TBI) and neocortical stroke, acutely disrupt the neocortex, most of their consequent disabilities reflect secondary injuries that develop over time. Thalamic neuroinflammation has been proposed to be a biomarker of cortical injury and of the long-term cognitive and neurological deficits that follow. However, the extent to which thalamic neuroinflammation depends on the type of cortical injury or its location remains unknown. Using two mouse models of focal neocortical injury that do not directly damage subcortical structures-controlled cortical impact and photothrombotic ischemic stroke-we found that chronic neuroinflammation in the thalamic region mirrors the functional connections with the injured cortex, and that sensory corticothalamic regions may be more likely to sustain long-term damage than nonsensory circuits. Currently, heterogeneous clinical outcomes complicate treatment. Understanding how thalamic inflammation depends on the injury site can aid in predicting features of subsequent deficits and lead to more effective, customized therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deanna Necula
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, California, USA.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.,Department of Neurology and the Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Frances S Cho
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, California, USA.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.,Department of Neurology and the Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Andrea He
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jeanne T Paz
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, California, USA.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.,Department of Neurology and the Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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10
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Holden SS, Grandi FC, Aboubakr O, Higashikubo B, Cho FS, Chang AH, Forero AO, Morningstar AR, Mathur V, Kuhn LJ, Suri P, Sankaranarayanan S, Andrews-Zwilling Y, Tenner AJ, Luthi A, Aronica E, Corces MR, Yednock T, Paz JT. Complement factor C1q mediates sleep spindle loss and epileptic spikes after mild brain injury. Science 2021; 373:eabj2685. [PMID: 34516796 DOI: 10.1126/science.abj2685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie S Holden
- Neurosciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.,Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.,Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.,Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN), 2103 SW Heemstede, Netherlands
| | - Fiorella C Grandi
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.,Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, CH-1005 Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Oumaima Aboubakr
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.,Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Bryan Higashikubo
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.,Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Frances S Cho
- Neurosciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.,Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.,Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, CH-1005 Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Andrew H Chang
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.,Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Alejandro Osorio Forero
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, CH-1005 Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Neuropathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Allison R Morningstar
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.,Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Vidhu Mathur
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.,Annexon Biosciences, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Logan J Kuhn
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.,Annexon Biosciences, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Poojan Suri
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.,Annexon Biosciences, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Sethu Sankaranarayanan
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.,Annexon Biosciences, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Yaisa Andrews-Zwilling
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.,Annexon Biosciences, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Andrea J Tenner
- Neurosciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.,Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Anita Luthi
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, CH-1005 Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Neuropathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Eleonora Aronica
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.,Department of Neuropathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN), 2103 SW Heemstede, Netherlands
| | - M Ryan Corces
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.,Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, CH-1005 Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Ted Yednock
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.,Annexon Biosciences, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Jeanne T Paz
- Neurosciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.,Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.,Annexon Biosciences, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.,Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN), 2103 SW Heemstede, Netherlands.,The Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, and The Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
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11
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Hoseini MS, Higashikubo B, Cho FS, Chang AH, Clemente-Perez A, Lew I, Ciesielska A, Stryker MP, Paz JT. Gamma rhythms and visual information in mouse V1 specifically modulated by somatostatin + neurons in reticular thalamus. eLife 2021; 10:e61437. [PMID: 33843585 PMCID: PMC8064751 DOI: 10.7554/elife.61437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Visual perception in natural environments depends on the ability to focus on salient stimuli while ignoring distractions. This kind of selective visual attention is associated with gamma activity in the visual cortex. While the nucleus reticularis thalami (nRT) has been implicated in selective attention, its role in modulating gamma activity in the visual cortex remains unknown. Here, we show that somatostatin- (SST) but not parvalbumin-expressing (PV) neurons in the visual sector of the nRT preferentially project to the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN), and modulate visual information transmission and gamma activity in primary visual cortex (V1). These findings pinpoint the SST neurons in nRT as powerful modulators of the visual information encoding accuracy in V1 and represent a novel circuit through which the nRT can influence representation of visual information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmood S Hoseini
- University of California, San Francisco, Department of PhysiologySan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Bryan Higashikubo
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological DiseaseSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Frances S Cho
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological DiseaseSan FranciscoUnited States
- University of California, San Francisco, Neurosciences Graduate ProgramSan FranciscoUnited States
- University of California, San Francisco, Department of NeurologySan FranciscoUnited States
- Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Andrew H Chang
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological DiseaseSan FranciscoUnited States
- University of California, San Francisco, Department of NeurologySan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Alexandra Clemente-Perez
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological DiseaseSan FranciscoUnited States
- University of California, San Francisco, Neurosciences Graduate ProgramSan FranciscoUnited States
- University of California, San Francisco, Department of NeurologySan FranciscoUnited States
- Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Irene Lew
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological DiseaseSan FranciscoUnited States
- University of California, San Francisco, Department of NeurologySan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Agnieszka Ciesielska
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological DiseaseSan FranciscoUnited States
- University of California, San Francisco, Department of NeurologySan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Michael P Stryker
- University of California, San Francisco, Department of PhysiologySan FranciscoUnited States
- University of California, San Francisco, Neurosciences Graduate ProgramSan FranciscoUnited States
- Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Jeanne T Paz
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological DiseaseSan FranciscoUnited States
- University of California, San Francisco, Neurosciences Graduate ProgramSan FranciscoUnited States
- University of California, San Francisco, Department of NeurologySan FranciscoUnited States
- Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
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12
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Johnson ECB, Ho K, Yu GQ, Das M, Sanchez PE, Djukic B, Lopez I, Yu X, Gill M, Zhang W, Paz JT, Palop JJ, Mucke L. Behavioral and neural network abnormalities in human APP transgenic mice resemble those of App knock-in mice and are modulated by familial Alzheimer's disease mutations but not by inhibition of BACE1. Mol Neurodegener 2020; 15:53. [PMID: 32921309 PMCID: PMC7489007 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-020-00393-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most frequent and costly neurodegenerative disorder. Although diverse lines of evidence suggest that the amyloid precursor protein (APP) is involved in its causation, the precise mechanisms remain unknown and no treatments are available to prevent or halt the disease. A favorite hypothesis has been that APP contributes to AD pathogenesis through the cerebral accumulation of the amyloid-β peptide (Aβ), which is derived from APP through sequential proteolytic cleavage by BACE1 and γ-secretase. However, inhibitors of these enzymes have failed in clinical trials despite clear evidence for target engagement. METHODS To further elucidate the roles of APP and its metabolites in AD pathogenesis, we analyzed transgenic mice overexpressing wildtype human APP (hAPP) or hAPP carrying mutations that cause autosomal dominant familial AD (FAD), as well as App knock-in mice that do not overexpress hAPP but have two mouse App alleles with FAD mutations and a humanized Aβ sequence. RESULTS Although these lines of mice had marked differences in cortical and hippocampal levels of APP, APP C-terminal fragments, soluble Aβ, Aβ oligomers and age-dependent amyloid deposition, they all developed cognitive deficits as well as non-convulsive epileptiform activity, a type of network dysfunction that also occurs in a substantive proportion of humans with AD. Pharmacological inhibition of BACE1 effectively reduced levels of amyloidogenic APP C-terminal fragments (C99), soluble Aβ, Aβ oligomers, and amyloid deposits in transgenic mice expressing FAD-mutant hAPP, but did not improve their network dysfunction and behavioral abnormalities, even when initiated at early stages before amyloid deposits were detectable. CONCLUSIONS hAPP transgenic and App knock-in mice develop similar pathophysiological alterations. APP and its metabolites contribute to AD-related functional alterations through complex combinatorial mechanisms that may be difficult to block with BACE inhibitors and, possibly, also with other anti-Aβ treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik C. B. Johnson
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, 1650 Owens Street, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA
- Department of Neurology and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA
| | - Kaitlyn Ho
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, 1650 Owens Street, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA
| | - Gui-Qiu Yu
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, 1650 Owens Street, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA
| | - Melanie Das
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, 1650 Owens Street, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA
| | - Pascal E. Sanchez
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, 1650 Owens Street, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA
| | - Biljana Djukic
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, 1650 Owens Street, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA
| | - Isabel Lopez
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, 1650 Owens Street, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA
| | - Xinxing Yu
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, 1650 Owens Street, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA
| | - Michael Gill
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, 1650 Owens Street, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA
| | - Weiping Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University Metabolic Diseases Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jeanne T. Paz
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, 1650 Owens Street, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA
- Department of Neurology and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA
| | - Jorge J. Palop
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, 1650 Owens Street, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA
- Department of Neurology and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA
| | - Lennart Mucke
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, 1650 Owens Street, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA
- Department of Neurology and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA
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13
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Pai ELL, Chen J, Fazel Darbandi S, Cho FS, Chen J, Lindtner S, Chu JS, Paz JT, Vogt D, Paredes MF, Rubenstein JLR. Maf and Mafb control mouse pallial interneuron fate and maturation through neuropsychiatric disease gene regulation. eLife 2020; 9:e54903. [PMID: 32452758 PMCID: PMC7282818 DOI: 10.7554/elife.54903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Maf (c-Maf) and Mafb transcription factors (TFs) have compensatory roles in repressing somatostatin (SST+) interneuron (IN) production in medial ganglionic eminence (MGE) secondary progenitors in mice. Maf and Mafb conditional deletion (cDKO) decreases the survival of MGE-derived cortical interneurons (CINs) and changes their physiological properties. Herein, we show that (1) Mef2c and Snap25 are positively regulated by Maf and Mafb to drive IN morphological maturation; (2) Maf and Mafb promote Mef2c expression which specifies parvalbumin (PV+) INs; (3) Elmo1, Igfbp4 and Mef2c are candidate markers of immature PV+ hippocampal INs (HIN). Furthermore, Maf/Mafb neonatal cDKOs have decreased CINs and increased HINs, that express Pnoc, an HIN specific marker. Our findings not only elucidate key gene targets of Maf and Mafb that control IN development, but also identify for the first time TFs that differentially regulate CIN vs. HIN production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Ling-Lin Pai
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Jin Chen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Siavash Fazel Darbandi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Frances S Cho
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Department of Neurology, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone InstitutesSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Jiapei Chen
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone InstitutesSan FranciscoUnited States
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Susan Lindtner
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Julia S Chu
- Department of Neurology, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Jeanne T Paz
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Department of Neurology, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone InstitutesSan FranciscoUnited States
- The Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Daniel Vogt
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, Michigan State UniversityGrand RapidsUnited States
| | - Mercedes F Paredes
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Department of Neurology, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- The Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - John LR Rubenstein
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- The Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
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14
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Ritter-Makinson S, Clemente-Perez A, Higashikubo B, Cho FS, Holden SS, Bennett E, Chkhaidze A, Eelkman Rooda OHJ, Cornet MC, Hoebeek FE, Yamakawa K, Cilio MR, Delord B, Paz JT. Augmented Reticular Thalamic Bursting and Seizures in Scn1a-Dravet Syndrome. Cell Rep 2020; 26:54-64.e6. [PMID: 30605686 PMCID: PMC6555418 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of function in the Scn1a gene leads to a severe epileptic encephalopathy called Dravet syndrome (DS). Reduced excitability in cortical inhibitory neurons is thought to be the major cause of DS seizures. Here, in contrast, we show enhanced excitability in thalamic inhibitory neurons that promotes the non-convulsive seizures that are a prominent yet poorly understood feature of DS. In a mouse model of DS with a loss of function in Scn1a, reticular thalamic cells exhibited abnormally long bursts of firing caused by the downregulation of calcium-activated potassium SK channels. Our study supports a mechanism in which loss of SK activity causes the reticular thalamic neurons to become hyperexcitable and promote non-convulsive seizures in DS. We propose that reduced excitability of inhibitory neurons is not global in DS and that non-GABAergic mechanisms such as SK channels may be important targets for treatment. In a mouse model of Dravet syndrome (DS) resulting from voltage-gated sodium channel deficiency, Ritter-Makinson et al. find that inhibitory neurons of the reticular thalamic nucleus are paradoxically hyperexcitable due to compensatory reductions in a potassium SK current. Boosting this SK current treats nonconvulsive seizures in DS mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Ritter-Makinson
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Alexandra Clemente-Perez
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Neurosciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Bryan Higashikubo
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Frances S Cho
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Neurosciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Stephanie S Holden
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Neurosciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Eric Bennett
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Ana Chkhaidze
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Oscar H J Eelkman Rooda
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosurgery, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marie-Coralie Cornet
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Catholic University of Louvain, Louvain, Belgium
| | - Freek E Hoebeek
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosurgery, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; NIDOD Institute, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht and Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Kazuhiro Yamakawa
- Laboratory for Neurogenetics, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako, Japan
| | - Maria Roberta Cilio
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Bruno Delord
- Institut des Systèmes Intelligents et de Robotique (ISIR), Sorbonne University, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Jeanne T Paz
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Neurosciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
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15
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Pai ELL, Vogt D, Clemente-Perez A, McKinsey GL, Cho FS, Hu JS, Wimer M, Paul A, Fazel Darbandi S, Pla R, Nowakowski TJ, Goodrich LV, Paz JT, Rubenstein JLR. Mafb and c-Maf Have Prenatal Compensatory and Postnatal Antagonistic Roles in Cortical Interneuron Fate and Function. Cell Rep 2020; 26:1157-1173.e5. [PMID: 30699346 PMCID: PMC6602795 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Mafb and c-Maf transcription factor (TF) expression is enriched in medial ganglionic eminence (MGE) lineages, beginning in late-secondary progenitors and continuing into mature parvalbumin (PV+) and somatostatin (SST+) interneurons. However, the functions of Maf TFs in MGE development remain to be elucidated. Herein, Mafb and c-Maf were conditionally deleted, alone and together, in the MGE and its lineages. Analyses of Maf mutant mice revealed redundant functions of Mafb and c-Maf in secondary MGE progenitors, where they repress the generation of SST+ cortical and hippocampal interneurons. By contrast, Mafb and c-Maf have distinct roles in postnatal cortical interneuron (CIN) morphological maturation, synaptogenesis, and cortical circuit integration. Thus, Mafb and c-Maf have redundant and opposing functions at different steps in CIN development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Ling-Lin Pai
- Nina Ireland Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Daniel Vogt
- Nina Ireland Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Alexandra Clemente-Perez
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Gabriel L McKinsey
- Nina Ireland Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Frances S Cho
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Jia Sheng Hu
- Nina Ireland Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Matt Wimer
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Anirban Paul
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Siavash Fazel Darbandi
- Nina Ireland Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Ramon Pla
- Nina Ireland Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Tomasz J Nowakowski
- Department of Anatomy, Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Lisa V Goodrich
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jeanne T Paz
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - John L R Rubenstein
- Nina Ireland Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
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16
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Vainchtein ID, Chin G, Cho FS, Kelley KW, Miller JG, Chien EC, Liddelow SA, Nguyen PT, Nakao-Inoue H, Dorman LC, Akil O, Joshita S, Barres BA, Paz JT, Molofsky AB, Molofsky AV. Astrocyte-derived interleukin-33 promotes microglial synapse engulfment and neural circuit development. Science 2018; 359:1269-1273. [PMID: 29420261 DOI: 10.1126/science.aal3589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 367] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Neuronal synapse formation and remodeling are essential to central nervous system (CNS) development and are dysfunctional in neurodevelopmental diseases. Innate immune signals regulate tissue remodeling in the periphery, but how this affects CNS synapses is largely unknown. Here, we show that the interleukin-1 family cytokine interleukin-33 (IL-33) is produced by developing astrocytes and is developmentally required for normal synapse numbers and neural circuit function in the spinal cord and thalamus. We find that IL-33 signals primarily to microglia under physiologic conditions, that it promotes microglial synapse engulfment, and that it can drive microglial-dependent synapse depletion in vivo. These data reveal a cytokine-mediated mechanism required to maintain synapse homeostasis during CNS development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilia D Vainchtein
- Department of Psychiatry/Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Gregory Chin
- Department of Psychiatry/Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Frances S Cho
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Kevin W Kelley
- Department of Psychiatry/Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - John G Miller
- Department of Psychiatry/Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Elliott C Chien
- Department of Psychiatry/Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Shane A Liddelow
- Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Phi T Nguyen
- Department of Psychiatry/Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Hiromi Nakao-Inoue
- Department of Psychiatry/Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Leah C Dorman
- Department of Psychiatry/Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Omar Akil
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Satoru Joshita
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan.,Research Center for Next Generation Medicine, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Ben A Barres
- Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Jeanne T Paz
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Ari B Molofsky
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Anna V Molofsky
- Department of Psychiatry/Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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17
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Sorokin JM, Paz JT, Huguenard JR. Absence seizure susceptibility correlates with pre-ictal β oscillations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 110:372-381. [PMID: 28576554 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphysparis.2017.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Absence seizures are generalized, cortico-thalamo-cortical (CTC) high power electroencephalographic (EEG) or electrocorticographic (ECoG) events that initiate and terminate suddenly. ECoG recordings of absence seizures in animal models of genetic absence epilepsy show a sudden spike-wave-discharge (SWD) onset that rapidly emerges from normal ECoG activity. However, given that absence seizures occur most often during periods of drowsiness or quiet wakefulness, we wondered whether SWD onset correlates with pre-ictal changes in network activity. To address this, we analyzed ECoG recordings of both spontaneous and induced SWDs in rats with genetic absence epilepsy. We discovered that the duration and intensity of spontaneous SWDs positively correlate with pre-ictal 20-40Hz (β) spectral power and negatively correlate with 4-7Hz (Ø) power. In addition, the output of thalamocortical neurons decreases within the same pre-ictal window of time. In separate experiments we found that the propensity for SWD induction was correlated with pre-ictal β power. These results argue that CTC networks undergo a pre-seizure state transition, possibly due to a functional reorganization of cortical microcircuits, which leads to the generation of absence seizures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan M Sorokin
- Stanford Neurosciences Graduate Training Program, United States; Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, United States
| | - Jeanne T Paz
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, United States; Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, United States
| | - John R Huguenard
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, United States.
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18
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Hiu T, Farzampour Z, Paz JT, Wang EHJ, Badgely C, Olson A, Micheva KD, Wang G, Lemmens R, Tran KV, Nishiyama Y, Liang X, Hamilton SA, O'Rourke N, Smith SJ, Huguenard JR, Bliss TM, Steinberg GK. Enhanced phasic GABA inhibition during the repair phase of stroke: a novel therapeutic target. Brain 2015; 139:468-80. [PMID: 26685158 PMCID: PMC4805083 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awv360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischaemic stroke is the leading cause of severe long-term disability yet lacks drug therapies that promote the repair phase of recovery. This repair phase of stroke occurs days to months after stroke onset and involves brain remapping and plasticity within the peri-infarct zone. Elucidating mechanisms that promote this plasticity is critical for the development of new therapeutics with a broad treatment window. Inhibiting tonic (extrasynaptic) GABA signalling during the repair phase was reported to enhance functional recovery in mice suggesting that GABA plays an important function in modulating brain repair. While tonic GABA appears to suppress brain repair after stroke, less is known about the role of phasic (synaptic) GABA during the repair phase. We observed an increase in postsynaptic phasic GABA signalling in mice within the peri-infarct cortex specific to layer 5; we found increased numbers of α1 receptor subunit-containing GABAergic synapses detected using array tomography, and an associated increased efficacy of spontaneous and miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents in pyramidal neurons. Furthermore, we demonstrate that enhancing phasic GABA signalling using zolpidem, a Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved GABA-positive allosteric modulator, during the repair phase improved behavioural recovery. These data identify potentiation of phasic GABA signalling as a novel therapeutic strategy, indicate zolpidem’s potential to improve recovery, and underscore the necessity to distinguish the role of tonic and phasic GABA signalling in stroke recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Hiu
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA 2 Stanford Stroke Centre, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Zoya Farzampour
- 3 Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jeanne T Paz
- 3 Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA 4 Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease and University of California, San Francisco San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Eric Hou Jen Wang
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA 2 Stanford Stroke Centre, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Corrine Badgely
- 3 Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Andrew Olson
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kristina D Micheva
- 5 Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Gordon Wang
- 5 Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Robin Lemmens
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA 2 Stanford Stroke Centre, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA 6 KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology; VIB - Vesalius Research Center University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Neurology, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kevin V Tran
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA 2 Stanford Stroke Centre, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Yasuhiro Nishiyama
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA 2 Stanford Stroke Centre, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Xibin Liang
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA 2 Stanford Stroke Centre, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Scott A Hamilton
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA 2 Stanford Stroke Centre, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Nancy O'Rourke
- 5 Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Stephen J Smith
- 5 Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - John R Huguenard
- 3 Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Tonya M Bliss
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA 2 Stanford Stroke Centre, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Gary K Steinberg
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA 2 Stanford Stroke Centre, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA 3 Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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19
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Paz JT, Huguenard JR. Microcircuits and their interactions in epilepsy: is the focus out of focus? Nat Neurosci 2015; 18:351-9. [PMID: 25710837 DOI: 10.1038/nn.3950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Epileptic seizures represent dysfunctional neural networks dominated by excessive and/or hypersynchronous activity. Recent progress in the field has outlined two concepts regarding mechanisms of seizure generation, or ictogenesis. First, all seizures, even those associated with what have historically been thought of as 'primary generalized' epilepsies, appear to originate in local microcircuits and then propagate from that initial ictogenic zone. Second, seizures propagate through cerebral networks and engage microcircuits in distal nodes, a process that can be weakened or even interrupted by suppressing activity in such nodes. We describe various microcircuit motifs, with a special emphasis on one that has been broadly implicated in several epilepsies: feed-forward inhibition. Furthermore, we discuss how, in the dynamic network in which seizures propagate, focusing on circuit 'choke points' remote from the initiation site might be as important as that of the initial dysfunction, the seizure 'focus'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne T Paz
- Gladstone Institutes and University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - John R Huguenard
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
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20
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Hiu T, Bliss TM, Farzampour Z, Paz JT, Olson A, Micheva KD, Wang EH, Wang G, Manley N, Nishiyama Y, Arac A, O’Rourke N, Huguenard JR, Smith SJ, Steinberg GK, Tran K. Abstract TP105: Increaed GABA
A
Mediated Synaptic Activity and Structural Remodeling in Peri-infarct Cortex Layer 5 in the Post-stroke Rodent Brain. Stroke 2013. [DOI: 10.1161/str.44.suppl_1.atp105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Introduction:
The mechanisms of functional recovery after stroke are thought to be based on structural and functional changes in brain circuits adjacent to or connected with the stroke site. Deciphering these changes at the synaptic level is key to understanding the re-organization of the synaptic circuitry. Here we use a combined approach of i) array tomography to determine the composition of GABA synapses in the post-stroke mouse brain, with ii) electrophysiology to determine whether stroke leads to functional changes in GABA
A
receptor-mediated neurotransmission.
Methods:
A cortical lesion was induced in 12-week-old C57BL/6J male mice using the distal middle cerebral artery occlusion model of ischemia. For array tomography, small tissue was removed from the peri-infarct cortex and ribbons of serial ultrathin sections were obtained. Ribbons were stained with antibodies for synaptic markers. Analysis of the resultant staining pattern was used to quantify GABAergic synapses. In addition, whole-cell patch clamp recordings from acute neocortical brain slices were performed to evaluate GABA-mediated synaptic signaling in the peri-infarct cortex. Behavior was evaluated weekly.
Results:
At 1 week post-stroke, the array tomography data revealed an increase in the density and proportion of alpha1 subunit-containing GABAergic synapses in layer 5 of the peri-infarct cortex (Density: 0.064 vs 0.036 synapses/μm3. Proportion: 15.3 vs 9.1 %, p<0.05, n=6); no changes were observed in layer2/3. Changes in GABA synapses were transient and returned to basal levels by 1 month. Electrophysiological recordings at 1 week post-stroke showed that GABA
A
receptor-mediated currents were enhanced in layer 5, but not in layer 2/3. These changes were specific to the pyramidal neurons. Behavioral impairment after stroke was observed only at 1 week compared to sham mice (p<0.05, n=10).
Conclusion:
Our results suggest that stroke leads to an increased expression of functional GABA
A
receptors in peri-infarct neocortex and that these changes are layer- and cell type-specific. These synaptic changes may represent a mechanism of post-stroke functional recovery and remapping of surviving circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Hiu
- Dept of Neurosurgery and Stanford Stroke Cntr, Stanford Univ Sch of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Tonya M Bliss
- Dept of Neurosurgery and Stanford Stroke Cntr, Stanford Univ Sch of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Zoya Farzampour
- Dept of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford Univ Sch of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Jeanne T Paz
- Dept of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford Univ Sch of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Andrew Olson
- Stanford Institute for Neuro-Innovation and Translational Neurosciences, Stanford Univ Sch of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Kristina D Micheva
- Dept of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford Univ Sch of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Eric H Wang
- Dept of Neurosurgery and Stanford Stroke Cntr, Stanford Univ Sch of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Gordon Wang
- Dept of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford Univ Sch of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Nathan Manley
- Dept of Neurosurgery and Stanford Stroke Cntr, Stanford Univ Sch of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Yasuhiro Nishiyama
- Dept of Neurosurgery and Stanford Stroke Cntr, Stanford Univ Sch of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Ahmet Arac
- Dept of Neurosurgery and Stanford Stroke Cntr, Stanford Univ Sch of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Nancy O’Rourke
- Dept of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford Univ Sch of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - John R Huguenard
- Dept of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford Univ Sch of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Stephen J Smith
- Dept of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford Univ Sch of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Gary K Steinberg
- Dept of Neurosurgery and Stanford Stroke Cntr, Stanford Univ Sch of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Kevin Tran
- Dept of Neurosurgery and Stanford Stroke Cntr, Stanford Univ Sch of Medicine, Stanford, CA
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21
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Paz JT, Davidson TJ, Frechette ES, Delord B, Parada I, Peng K, Deisseroth K, Huguenard JR. Closed-loop optogenetic control of thalamus as a tool for interrupting seizures after cortical injury. Nat Neurosci 2012. [PMID: 23143518 DOI: 10.1038/nn.3269).] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cerebrocortical injuries such as stroke are a major source of disability. Maladaptive consequences can result from post-injury local reorganization of cortical circuits. For example, epilepsy is a common sequela of cortical stroke, but the mechanisms responsible for seizures following cortical injuries remain unknown. In addition to local reorganization, long-range, extra-cortical connections might be critical for seizure maintenance. In rats, we found that the thalamus, a structure that is remote from, but connected to, the injured cortex, was required to maintain cortical seizures. Thalamocortical neurons connected to the injured epileptic cortex underwent changes in HCN channel expression and became hyperexcitable. Targeting these neurons with a closed-loop optogenetic strategy revealed that reducing their activity in real-time was sufficient to immediately interrupt electrographic and behavioral seizures. This approach is of therapeutic interest for intractable epilepsy, as it spares cortical function between seizures, in contrast with existing treatments, such as surgical lesioning or drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne T Paz
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
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22
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Paz JT, Davidson TJ, Frechette ES, Delord B, Parada I, Peng K, Deisseroth K, Huguenard JR. Closed-loop optogenetic control of thalamus as a tool for interrupting seizures after cortical injury. Nat Neurosci 2012; 16:64-70. [PMID: 23143518 PMCID: PMC3700812 DOI: 10.1038/nn.3269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 386] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Accepted: 10/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cerebrocortical injuries, such as stroke, are a major source of disability. Maladaptive consequences can result from post-injury local reorganization of cortical circuits. For example, epilepsy is a common sequela of cortical stroke, yet mechanisms responsible for seizures following cortical injuries remain unknown. In addition to local reorganization, long-range, extra-cortical connections might be critical for seizure maintenance. Here we report in rats the first evidence that the thalamus – a structure remote from but connected to the injured cortex – is required to maintain cortical seizures. Thalamocortical neurons connected to the injured epileptic cortex undergo changes in HCN channel expression and become hyperexcitable. Targeting these neurons with a closed-loop optogenetic strategy demonstrates that reducing their activity in real-time is sufficient to immediately interrupt electrographic and behavioral seizures. This approach is of therapeutic interest for intractable epilepsy, since it spares cortical function between seizures, in contrast to existing treatments such as surgical lesioning or drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne T Paz
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
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23
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Paz JT, Bryant AS, Peng K, Fenno L, Yizhar O, Frankel WN, Deisseroth K, Huguenard JR. A new mode of corticothalamic transmission revealed in the Gria4(-/-) model of absence epilepsy. Nat Neurosci 2011; 14:1167-73. [PMID: 21857658 DOI: 10.1038/nn.2896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2010] [Accepted: 06/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cortico-thalamo-cortical circuits mediate sensation and generate neural network oscillations associated with slow-wave sleep and various epilepsies. Cortical input to sensory thalamus is thought to mainly evoke feed-forward synaptic inhibition of thalamocortical (TC) cells via reticular thalamic nucleus (nRT) neurons, especially during oscillations. This relies on a stronger synaptic strength in the cortico-nRT pathway than in the cortico-TC pathway, allowing the feed-forward inhibition of TC cells to overcome direct cortico-TC excitation. We found a systemic and specific reduction in strength in GluA4-deficient (Gria4(-/-)) mice of one excitatory synapse of the rhythmogenic cortico-thalamo-cortical system, the cortico-nRT projection, and observed that the oscillations could still be initiated by cortical inputs via the cortico-TC-nRT-TC pathway. These results reveal a previously unknown mode of cortico-thalamo-cortical transmission, bypassing direct cortico-nRT excitation, and describe a mechanism for pathological oscillation generation. This mode could be active under other circumstances, representing a previously unknown channel of cortico-thalamo-cortical information processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne T Paz
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
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24
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Yizhar O, Fenno LE, Prigge M, Schneider F, Davidson TJ, O'Shea DJ, Sohal VS, Goshen I, Finkelstein J, Paz JT, Stehfest K, Fudim R, Ramakrishnan C, Huguenard JR, Hegemann P, Deisseroth K. Neocortical excitation/inhibition balance in information processing and social dysfunction. Nature 2011; 477:171-8. [PMID: 21796121 DOI: 10.1038/nature10360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1639] [Impact Index Per Article: 126.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2010] [Accepted: 07/10/2011] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Severe behavioural deficits in psychiatric diseases such as autism and schizophrenia have been hypothesized to arise from elevations in the cellular balance of excitation and inhibition (E/I balance) within neural microcircuitry. This hypothesis could unify diverse streams of pathophysiological and genetic evidence, but has not been susceptible to direct testing. Here we design and use several novel optogenetic tools to causally investigate the cellular E/I balance hypothesis in freely moving mammals, and explore the associated circuit physiology. Elevation, but not reduction, of cellular E/I balance within the mouse medial prefrontal cortex was found to elicit a profound impairment in cellular information processing, associated with specific behavioural impairments and increased high-frequency power in the 30-80 Hz range, which have both been observed in clinical conditions in humans. Consistent with the E/I balance hypothesis, compensatory elevation of inhibitory cell excitability partially rescued social deficits caused by E/I balance elevation. These results provide support for the elevated cellular E/I balance hypothesis of severe neuropsychiatric disease-related symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ofer Yizhar
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
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25
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Charpier S, Beurrier C, Paz JT. The Subthalamic Nucleus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-374767-9.00015-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
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26
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Paz JT, Mahon S, Tiret P, Genet S, Delord B, Charpier S. Multiple forms of activity-dependent intrinsic plasticity in layer V cortical neurones in vivo. J Physiol 2009; 587:3189-205. [PMID: 19433575 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2009.169334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Synaptic plasticity is classically considered as the neuronal substrate for learning and memory. However, activity-dependent changes in neuronal intrinsic excitability have been reported in several learning-related brain regions, suggesting that intrinsic plasticity could also participate to information storage. Compared to synaptic plasticity, there has been little exploration of the properties of induction and expression of intrinsic plasticity in an intact brain. Here, by the means of in vivo intracellular recordings in the rat we have examined how the intrinsic excitability of layer V motor cortex pyramidal neurones is altered following brief periods of repeated firing. Changes in membrane excitability were assessed by modifications in the discharge frequency versus injected current (F-I) curves. Most (approximately 64%) conditioned neurones exhibited a long-lasting intrinsic plasticity, which was expressed either by selective changes in the current threshold or in the slope of the F-I curve, or by concomitant changes in both parameters. These modifications in the neuronal input-output relationship led to a global increase or decrease in intrinsic excitability. Passive electrical membrane properties were unaffected by the intracellular conditioning, indicating that intrinsic plasticity resulted from modifications of voltage-gated ion channels. These results demonstrate that neocortical pyramidal neurones can express in vivo a bidirectional use-dependent intrinsic plasticity, modifying their sensitivity to weak inputs and/or the gain of their input-output function. These multiple forms of experience-dependent intrinsic changes, which expand the computational abilities of individual neurones, could shape new network dynamics and thus might participate in the formation of mnemonic motor engrams.
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