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Glass DR, Mayer-Blackwell K, Ramchurren N, Parks KR, Duran GE, Wright AK, Bastidas Torres AN, Islas L, Kim YH, Fling SP, Khodadoust MS, Newell EW. Multi-omic profiling reveals the endogenous and neoplastic responses to immunotherapies in cutaneous T cell lymphoma. Cell Rep Med 2024; 5:101527. [PMID: 38670099 PMCID: PMC11148639 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2024.101527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Cutaneous T cell lymphomas (CTCLs) are skin cancers with poor survival rates and limited treatments. While immunotherapies have shown some efficacy, the immunological consequences of administering immune-activating agents to CTCL patients have not been systematically characterized. We apply a suite of high-dimensional technologies to investigate the local, cellular, and systemic responses in CTCL patients receiving either mono- or combination anti-PD-1 plus interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) therapy. Neoplastic T cells display no evidence of activation after immunotherapy. IFN-γ induces muted endogenous immunological responses, while anti-PD-1 elicits broader changes, including increased abundance of CLA+CD39+ T cells. We develop an unbiased multi-omic profiling approach enabling discovery of immune modules stratifying patients. We identify an enrichment of activated regulatory CLA+CD39+ T cells in non-responders and activated cytotoxic CLA+CD39+ T cells in leukemic patients. Our results provide insights into the effects of immunotherapy in CTCL patients and a generalizable framework for multi-omic analysis of clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Glass
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
| | - Koshlan Mayer-Blackwell
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Nirasha Ramchurren
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Cancer Immunotherapy Trials Network, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - K Rachael Parks
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - George E Duran
- Division of Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Anna K Wright
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Cancer Immunotherapy Trials Network, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | | | - Laura Islas
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Youn H Kim
- Division of Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Steven P Fling
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Cancer Immunotherapy Trials Network, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Michael S Khodadoust
- Division of Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Evan W Newell
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
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2
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Shen Y, Qiu Y, Duan ZQ, Li YX, Wang Y, Zhang YY, Zhu BH, Yu XH, Tan XL, Chen W, Zhuang Y, Zou QM, Ma DY, Peng LS. CD39 hi identifies an exhausted tumor-reactive CD8 + T cell population associated with tumor progression in human gastric cancer. Pharmacol Res 2024; 202:107122. [PMID: 38428703 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
The ectonucleotidase CD39 has been regarded as a promising immune checkpoint in solid tumors. However, the expression of CD39 by tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells as well as their potential roles and clinical implications in human gastric cancer (GC) remain largely unknown. Here, we found that GC-infiltrating CD8+ T cells contained a fraction of CD39hi cells that constituted about 6.6% of total CD8+ T cells in tumors. These CD39hi cells enriched for GC-infiltrating CD8+ T cells with features of exhaustion in transcriptional, phenotypic, metabolic and functional profiles. Additionally, GC-infiltrating CD39hiCD8+ T cells were also identified for tumor-reactive T cells, as these cells expanded in vitro were able to recognize autologous tumor organoids and induced more tumor cell apoptosis than those of expanded their CD39int and CD39-CD8+ counterparts. Furthermore, CD39 enzymatic activity controlled GC-infiltrating CD39hiCD8+ T cell effector function, and blockade of CD39 efficiently enhanced their production of cytokines IFN-γ and TNF-α. Finally, high percentages of GC-infiltrating CD39hiCD8+ T cells correlated with tumor progression and independently predicted patients' poor overall survival. These findings provide novel insights into the association of CD39 expression level on CD8+ T cells with their features and potential clinical implications in GC, and empowering those exhausted tumor-reactive CD39hiCD8+ T cells through CD39 inhibition to circumvent the suppressor program may be an attractive therapeutic strategy against GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Shen
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan Province 637000, China; National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yuan Qiu
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Zhen-Quan Duan
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan Province 637000, China; National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yu-Xian Li
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan Province 637000, China; National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Bao-Hang Zhu
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Yu
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China; College of Pharmacy, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Xue-Ling Tan
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China; College of Pharmacy, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Weisan Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Yuan Zhuang
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Quan-Ming Zou
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Dai-Yuan Ma
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan Province 637000, China.
| | - Liu-Sheng Peng
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
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3
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Reschke R, Deitert B, Enk AH, Hassel JC. The role of tissue-resident memory T cells as mediators for response and toxicity in immunotherapy-treated melanoma-two sides of the same coin? Front Immunol 2024; 15:1385781. [PMID: 38562921 PMCID: PMC10982392 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1385781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM cells) have become an interesting subject of study for antitumor immunity in melanoma and other solid tumors. In the initial phases of antitumor immunity, they maintain an immune equilibrium and protect against challenges with tumor cells and the formation of primary melanomas. In metastatic settings, they are a prime target cell population for immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) because they highly express inhibitory checkpoint molecules such as PD-1, CTLA-4, or LAG-3. Once melanoma patients are treated with ICI, TRM cells residing in the tumor are reactivated and expand. Tumor killing is achieved by secreting effector molecules such as IFN-γ. However, off-target effects are also observed. Immune-related adverse events, such as those affecting barrier organs like the skin, can be mediated by ICI-induced TRM cells. Therefore, a detailed understanding of this memory T-cell type is obligatory to better guide and improve immunotherapy regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Reschke
- Department of Dermatology, National Center for Tumor Diseases Heidelberg (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Benjamin Deitert
- Institute for Tumor Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alex H. Enk
- Department of Dermatology, National Center for Tumor Diseases Heidelberg (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jessica C. Hassel
- Department of Dermatology, National Center for Tumor Diseases Heidelberg (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
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4
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Isaacs JF, Degefu HN, Chen T, Kleist SA, Musial SC, Ford MA, Searles TG, Lin CC, Skorput AGJ, Shirai K, Turk MJ, Zanazzi GJ, Rosato PC. CD39 is expressed on functional effector and tissue resident memory CD8+ T cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.15.585252. [PMID: 38559200 PMCID: PMC10980075 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.15.585252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The ecto-ATPase CD39 is expressed on exhausted CD8+ T cells in chronic viral infection and has been proposed as a marker of tumor-specific CD8+ T cells in cancer, but the role of CD39 in an effector and memory T cell response has not been clearly defined. We report that CD39 is expressed on antigen-specific CD8+ short-lived effector cells (SLECs), while it's co-ecto-enzyme, CD73, is found on memory precursor effector cells (MPEC) in vivo . Inhibition of CD39 enzymatic activity during in vitro T cell priming enhances MPEC differentiation in vivo after transfer and infection. The enriched MPEC phenotype is associated with enhanced tissue resident memory (T RM ) establishment in the brain and salivary gland following an acute intranasal viral infection, suggesting that CD39 ATPase activity plays a role in memory CD8+ T cell differentiation. We also show that CD39 is expressed on human and murine T RM across several non-lymphoid tissues and melanoma, while CD73 is expressed on both circulating and resident memory subsets in mice. In contrast to exhausted CD39+ T cells in chronic infection, CD39+ T RM are fully functional when stimulated ex vivo with cognate antigen. This work further expands the identity of CD39 beyond a T cell exhaustion marker.
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5
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Meng J, Tan JYT, Joseph CR, Ye J, Lim JCT, Goh D, Xue Y, Lim X, Koh VCY, Wee F, Tay TKY, Chan JY, Ng CCY, Iqbal J, Lau MC, Lim HE, Toh HC, Teh BT, Dent RA, Tan PH, Yeong JPS. The Prognostic Value of CD39 as a Marker of Tumor-Specific T Cells in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer in Asian Women. J Transl Med 2024; 104:100303. [PMID: 38103870 DOI: 10.1016/j.labinv.2023.100303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has a poor prognosis with limited therapeutic options available for affected patients. Efforts are ongoing to identify surrogate markers for tumor-specific CD8+ T cells that can predict the response to immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapies, such as programmed cell death protein 1 or programmed cell death ligand-1 blockade. We have previously identified tumor-specific CD39+CD8+ T cells in non-small cell lung cancer that might help predict patient responses to programmed cell death protein 1 or programmed cell death ligand-1 blockade. Based on this finding, we conducted a comparative interrogation of TNBC in an Asian cohort to evaluate the potential of CD39 as a surrogate marker of tumor-specific CD8+ T cells. Using ICI-treated TNBC mouse models (n = 24), flow cytometric analyses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes revealed that >99% of tumor-specific CD8+ T cells also expressed CD39. To investigate the relationship between CD39+CD8+ T-cell density and CD39 expression with disease prognosis, we performed multiplex immunohistochemistry staining on treatment-naive human TNBC tissues (n = 315). We saw that the proportion of CD39+CD8+ T cells in human TNBC tumors correlated with improved overall survival, as did the densities of other CD39+ immune cell infiltrates, such as CD39+CD68+ macrophages. Finally, increased CD39 expression on CD8+ T cells was also found to predict the response to ICI therapy (pembrolizumab) in a separate cohort of 11 TNBC patients. These findings support the potential of CD39+CD8+ T-cell density as a prognostic factor in Asian TNBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Meng
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Jing Ying Tira Tan
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Republic of Singapore; National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Craig Ryan Joseph
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Jiangfeng Ye
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Jeffrey Chun Tatt Lim
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Denise Goh
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Yuezhen Xue
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Xinru Lim
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Valerie Cui Yun Koh
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Felicia Wee
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Timothy Kwang Yong Tay
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | | | | | - Jabed Iqbal
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Republic of Singapore; Department of Anatomical Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Mai Chan Lau
- Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Hsuen Elaine Lim
- National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Han Chong Toh
- National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Bin Tean Teh
- National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Rebecca Alexandra Dent
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Republic of Singapore; National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore.
| | - Puay Hoon Tan
- KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Republic of Singapore; Luma Women's Imaging Centre/Medical Centre, Singapore, Republic of Singapore.
| | - Joe Poh Sheng Yeong
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore, Republic of Singapore; Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Republic of Singapore; National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore; Department of Anatomical Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Republic of Singapore.
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6
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Ryu H, Bi TM, Pulliam TH, Sarkar K, Church CD, Kumar N, Mayer-Blackwell K, Jani S, Ramchurren N, Hansen UK, Hadrup SR, Fling SP, Koelle DM, Nghiem P, Newell EW. Merkel cell polyomavirus-specific and CD39 +CLA + CD8 T cells as blood-based predictive biomarkers for PD-1 blockade in Merkel cell carcinoma. Cell Rep Med 2024; 5:101390. [PMID: 38340724 PMCID: PMC10897544 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Merkel cell carcinoma is a skin cancer often driven by Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) with high rates of response to anti-PD-1 therapy despite low mutational burden. MCPyV-specific CD8 T cells are implicated in anti-PD-1-associated immune responses and provide a means to directly study tumor-specific T cell responses to treatment. Using mass cytometry and combinatorial tetramer staining, we find that baseline frequencies of blood MCPyV-specific cells correlated with response and survival. Frequencies of these cells decrease markedly during response to therapy. Phenotypes of MCPyV-specific CD8 T cells have distinct expression patterns of CD39, cutaneous lymphocyte-associated antigen (CLA), and CD103. Correspondingly, overall bulk CD39+CLA+ CD8 T cell frequencies in blood correlate with MCPyV-specific cell frequencies and similarly predicted favorable clinical outcomes. Conversely, frequencies of CD39+CD103+ CD8 T cells are associated with tumor burden and worse outcomes. These cell subsets can be useful as biomarkers and to isolate blood-derived tumor-specific T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heeju Ryu
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Timothy M Bi
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Thomas H Pulliam
- Department of Medicine, Division of Dermatology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Korok Sarkar
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Candice D Church
- Department of Medicine, Division of Dermatology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nandita Kumar
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Lab Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Saumya Jani
- Department of Medicine, Division of Dermatology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Lab Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nirasha Ramchurren
- Cancer Immunotherapy Trails Network, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ulla K Hansen
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Sine R Hadrup
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Steven P Fling
- Cancer Immunotherapy Trails Network, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - David M Koelle
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Lab Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Paul Nghiem
- Department of Medicine, Division of Dermatology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Evan W Newell
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Lab Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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7
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Lv LL, Wang HB, Zhang YX, Zhai JW, Shen Y, Qu QX, Chen C. CD39 identifies a specific CD8 + T cell population in lung adenocarcinoma-related metastatic pleural effusion. BMC Immunol 2023; 24:53. [PMID: 38087217 PMCID: PMC10717623 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-023-00590-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant pleural effusion (MPE), which is a complex microenvironment that contains numerous immune and tumour signals, is common in lung cancer. Gene alterations, such as driver gene mutations, are believed to affect the components of tumour immunity in the microenvironment (TIME) of non-small-cell lung cancer. In this study, we have shown that pleural CD39 + CD8 + T cells are selectively elevated in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) with wild-type epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFRwt) compared to those with newly diagnosed mutant EGFR (EGFRmu). Furthermore, these CD39 + CD8 + T cells are more prevalent in MPE with acquired resistance to EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (AR-EGFR-TKIs). Our analysis reveals that pleural CD39 + CD8 + T cells exhibit an exhausted phenotype while still retaining cytolytic function. Additionally, they have a higher T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire clonality compared to CD39-CD8 + T cells, which is a unique characteristic of LUAD-related MPE. Further investigation has shown that TCR-Vβ clonality tends to be more enhanced in pleural CD39 + CD8 + T cells from MPE with AR-EGFR-TKIs. In summary, we have identified a subset of CD8 + T cells expressing CD39 in MPE, which may potentially be tumour-reactive CD8 + T cells. This study provides new insights into the dynamic immune composition of the EGFRmu tumour microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei-Lei Lv
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 899 Pinghai Road, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Hong-Bin Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 899 Pinghai Road, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Yao-Xin Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 899 Pinghai Road, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Jia-Wei Zhai
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 899 Pinghai Road, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Yu Shen
- Clinical Immunology Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 178 Ganjiang Road, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Qiu-Xia Qu
- Clinical Immunology Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 178 Ganjiang Road, Suzhou, 215006, China.
| | - Cheng Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 899 Pinghai Road, Suzhou, 215006, China.
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8
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Trotter TN, Dagotto CE, Serra D, Wang T, Yang X, Acharya CR, Wei J, Lei G, Lyerly HK, Hartman ZC. Dormant tumors circumvent tumor-specific adaptive immunity by establishing a Treg-dominated niche via DKK3. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e174458. [PMID: 37847565 PMCID: PMC10721325 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.174458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Approximately 30% of breast cancer survivors deemed free of disease will experience locoregional or metastatic recurrence even up to 30 years after initial diagnosis, yet how residual/dormant tumor cells escape immunity elicited by the primary tumor remains unclear. We demonstrate that intrinsically dormant tumor cells are indeed recognized and lysed by antigen-specific T cells in vitro and elicit robust immune responses in vivo. However, despite close proximity to CD8+ killer T cells, dormant tumor cells themselves support early accumulation of protective FoxP3+ T regulatory cells (Tregs), which can be targeted to reduce tumor burden. These intrinsically dormant tumor cells maintain a hybrid epithelial/mesenchymal state that is associated with immune dysfunction, and we find that the tumor-derived, stem cell/basal cell protein Dickkopf WNT signaling pathway inhibitor 3 (DKK3) is critical for Treg inhibition of CD8+ T cells. We also demonstrate that DKK3 promotes immune-mediated progression of proliferative tumors and is significantly associated with poor survival and immunosuppression in human breast cancers. Together, these findings reveal that latent tumors can use fundamental mechanisms of tolerance to alter the T cell microenvironment and subvert immune detection. Thus, targeting these pathways, such as DKK3, may help render dormant tumors susceptible to immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - H. Kim Lyerly
- Department of Surgery, and
- Department of Pathology/Integrative Immunobiology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Zachary C. Hartman
- Department of Surgery, and
- Department of Pathology/Integrative Immunobiology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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9
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Abstract
T cells can acquire a broad spectrum of differentiation states following activation. At the extreme ends of this continuum are short-lived cells equipped with effector machinery and more quiescent, long-lived cells with heightened proliferative potential and stem cell-like developmental plasticity. The latter encompass stem-like exhausted T cells and memory T cells, both of which have recently emerged as key determinants of cancer immunity and response to immunotherapy. Here, we discuss key similarities and differences in the regulation and function of stem-like exhausted CD8+ T cells and memory CD8+ T cells, and consider their context-specific contributions to protective immunity in diverse outcomes of cancer, including tumour escape, long-term control and eradication. Finally, we emphasize how recent advances in the understanding of the molecular regulation of stem-like exhausted T cells and memory T cells are being explored for clinical benefit in cancer immunotherapies such as checkpoint inhibition, adoptive cell therapy and vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Gebhardt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Simone L Park
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Immunology and Immune Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ian A Parish
- Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.
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10
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Zhang Z, Zhu XQ, Yang F, Lai NN, Zhu L, Cole K, Hu BY, Li TE, Zhu Y, Zhang LM, Wang S, Zheng Y, Mao H, Zhao Y, Bruns C, Vago R, Tu B, Wong JWH, Fu DL, Qin LX, Dong QZ. Single-cell mapping reveals several immune subsets associated with liver metastasis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. MED 2023; 4:728-743.e7. [PMID: 37633269 DOI: 10.1016/j.medj.2023.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identifying a metastasis-correlated immune cell composition within the tumor microenvironment (TME) of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) will help to develop promising and innovative therapeutic strategies. However, the dynamics of immune cell lineages in the TME of advanced PDAC remains elusive. METHODS Twenty-six samples from 11 patients (including 11 primary tumor tissues, 10 blood, and 5 lymph nodes) with different stages were used to develop a multiscale immune profile. High-dimensional single-cell analysis with mass cytometry was performed to search for metastasis-correlated immune changes in the microenvironment. The findings were further validated by published single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data and multiplex fluorescent immunohistochemistry. FINDINGS High-dimensional single-cell profiling revealed that the three immune-relevant sites formed a distinct immune atlas. Interestingly, the PDAC microenvironment with the potential for metastatic spread to the liver was characterized by a decreased proportion of CD103+PD-1+CD39+ T cells with cytotoxic and exhausted functional status and an increased proportion of CD73+ macrophages. Analysis of scRNA-seq data of PDAC further confirmed the identified subsets and revealed strong potential interactions via various ligand-receptor pairs between the identified T subsets and the macrophages. Moreover, stratified patients with different immune compositions correlated with clinical outcomes of PDAC. CONCLUSIONS Our study uncovered metastasis-correlated immune changes, suggesting that ecosystem-based patient classification in PDAC will facilitate the identification of candidates likely to benefit from immunotherapy. FUNDING This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China, the Shanghai International Science and Technology Collaboration Program, the Shanghai Sailing Program, and the Key Laboratory of diagnosis and treatment of severe hepato-pancreatic diseases of Zhejiang Province.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Qiang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Feng Yang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Nan-Nan Lai
- Key Laboratory of Whole-period Monitoring and Precise Intervention of Digestive Cancer, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Le Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kathryn Cole
- Division of Oncology and Hematology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Bei-Yuan Hu
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tian-En Li
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu-Min Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Whole-period Monitoring and Precise Intervention of Digestive Cancer, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shun Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huarong Mao
- Key Laboratory of Whole-period Monitoring and Precise Intervention of Digestive Cancer, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- General, Visceral and Cancer Surgery, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christiane Bruns
- General, Visceral and Cancer Surgery, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Razi Vago
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Bo Tu
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Jason W H Wong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - De-Liang Fu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Lun-Xiu Qin
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Qiong-Zhu Dong
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Whole-period Monitoring and Precise Intervention of Digestive Cancer, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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11
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Luo H, Wang W, Mai J, Yin R, Cai X, Li Q. The nexus of dynamic T cell states and immune checkpoint blockade therapy in the periphery and tumor microenvironment. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1267918. [PMID: 37881432 PMCID: PMC10597640 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1267918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapies, that is, using monoclonal antibodies to reinvigorate tumor-reactive, antigen-specific T cells from the inhibitory effects of CTLA-4, PD-1 and PD-L1 immune checkpoints, have revolutionized the therapeutic landscape of modern oncology. However, only a subset of patients can benefit from the ICB therapy. Biomarkers associated with ICB response, resistance and prognosis have been subjected to intensive research in the past decade. Early studies focused on the analysis of tumor specimens and their residing microenvironment. However, biopsies can be challenging to obtain in clinical practice, and do not reflect the dynamic changes of immunological parameters during the ICB therapy. Recent studies have investigated profiles of antigen-specific T cells derived from the peripheral compartment using multi-omics approaches. By tracking the clonotype and diversity of tumor-reactive T cell receptor repertoire, these studies collectively establish that de novo priming of antigen-specific T cells in peripheral blood occurs throughout the course of ICB, whereas preexisting T cells prior to ICB are exhausted to various degrees. Here, we review what is known about ICB-induced T cell phenotypic and functional changes in cancer patients both within the tumor microenvironment and in the peripheral compartment. A better understanding of parameters influencing the response to ICBs will provide rationales for developing novel diagnostics and combinatorial therapeutic strategies to maximize the clinical efficacies of ICB therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Luo
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Laboratory Medicine and Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Development and Related Diseases of Women and Children Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Center of Growth, Metabolism and Aging, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wenxiang Wang
- Xinxiang Central Hospital, The Fourth Clinical College of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Jia Mai
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Laboratory Medicine and Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Development and Related Diseases of Women and Children Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Center of Growth, Metabolism and Aging, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Rutie Yin
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Laboratory Medicine and Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Development and Related Diseases of Women and Children Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Center of Growth, Metabolism and Aging, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xuyu Cai
- Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qintong Li
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Laboratory Medicine and Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Development and Related Diseases of Women and Children Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Center of Growth, Metabolism and Aging, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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12
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Kinker GS, Vitiello GAF, Diniz AB, Cabral-Piccin MP, Pereira PHB, Carvalho MLR, Ferreira WAS, Chaves AS, Rondinelli A, Gusmão AF, Defelicibus A, Dos Santos GO, Nunes WA, Claro LCL, Bernardo TM, Nishio RT, Pacheco AM, Laus AC, Arantes LMRB, Fleck JL, de Jesus VHF, de Moricz A, Weinlich R, Coimbra FJF, de Lima VCC, Medina TDS. Mature tertiary lymphoid structures are key niches of tumour-specific immune responses in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas. Gut 2023; 72:1927-1941. [PMID: 37230755 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2022-328697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To better understand the immune microenvironment of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDACs), here we explored the relevance of T and B cell compartmentalisation into tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) for the generation of local antitumour immunity. DESIGN We characterised the functional states and spatial organisation of PDAC-infiltrating T and B cells using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), flow cytometry, multicolour immunofluorescence, gene expression profiling of microdissected TLSs, as well as in vitro assays. In addition, we performed a pan-cancer analysis of tumour-infiltrating T cells using scRNA-seq and sc T cell receptor sequencing datasets from eight cancer types. To evaluate the clinical relevance of our findings, we used PDAC bulk RNA-seq data from The Cancer Genome Atlas and the PRINCE chemoimmunotherapy trial. RESULTS We found that a subset of PDACs harbours fully developed TLSs where B cells proliferate and differentiate into plasma cells. These mature TLSs also support T cell activity and are enriched with tumour-reactive T cells. Importantly, we showed that chronically activated, tumour-reactive T cells exposed to fibroblast-derived TGF-β may act as TLS organisers by producing the B cell chemoattractant CXCL13. Identification of highly similar subsets of clonally expanded CXCL13 + tumour-infiltrating T cells across multiple cancer types further indicated a conserved link between tumour-antigen recognition and the allocation of B cells within sheltered hubs in the tumour microenvironment. Finally, we showed that the expression of a gene signature reflecting mature TLSs was enriched in pretreatment biopsies from PDAC patients with longer survival after receiving different chemoimmunotherapy regimens. CONCLUSION We provided a framework for understanding the biological role of PDAC-associated TLSs and revealed their potential to guide the selection of patients for future immunotherapy trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Wallax Augusto Silva Ferreira
- International Research Center, A.C.Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
- Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua, Brazil
| | | | - Amanda Rondinelli
- International Research Center, A.C.Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ricardo Tadashi Nishio
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Santa Casa de Misericórdia do Estado de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adhemar Monteiro Pacheco
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Santa Casa de Misericórdia do Estado de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Laus
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, Brazil
| | | | - Julia Lima Fleck
- Mines Saint-Etienne, Univ Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, UMR 6158 LIMOS, Centre CIS, Saint-Etienne, France
| | | | - André de Moricz
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Santa Casa de Misericórdia do Estado de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Tiago da Silva Medina
- International Research Center, A.C.Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Oncogenomics and Therapeutic Innovation, São Paulo, Brazil
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13
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Zareinejad M, Mehdipour F, Roshan-Zamir M, Faghih Z, Ghaderi A. Dual Functions of T Lymphocytes in Breast Carcinoma: From Immune Protection to Orchestrating Tumor Progression and Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4771. [PMID: 37835465 PMCID: PMC10571747 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15194771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer type in women and the second leading cause of death. Despite recent advances, the mortality rate of BC is still high, highlighting a need to develop new treatment strategies including the modulation of the immune system and immunotherapies. In this regard, understanding the complex function of the involved immune cells and their crosstalk with tumor cells is of great importance. T-cells are recognized as the most important cells in the tumor microenvironment and are divided into several subtypes including helper, cytotoxic, and regulatory T-cells according to their transcription factors, markers, and functions. This article attempts to provide a comprehensive review of the role of T-cell subsets in the prognosis and treatment of patients with BC, and crosstalk between tumor cells and T-cells. The literature overwhelmingly contains controversial findings mainly due to the plasticity of T-cell subsets within the inflammatory conditions and the use of different panels for their phenotyping. However, investigating the role of T-cells in BC immunity depends on a variety of factors including tumor types or subtypes, the stage of the disease, the localization of the cells in the tumor tissue and the presence of different cells or cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Zahra Faghih
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71348-45505, Iran; (M.Z.); (F.M.); (M.R.-Z.)
| | - Abbas Ghaderi
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71348-45505, Iran; (M.Z.); (F.M.); (M.R.-Z.)
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14
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Kunes RZ, Walle T, Land M, Nawy T, Pe'er D. Supervised discovery of interpretable gene programs from single-cell data. Nat Biotechnol 2023:10.1038/s41587-023-01940-3. [PMID: 37735262 PMCID: PMC10958532 DOI: 10.1038/s41587-023-01940-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Factor analysis decomposes single-cell gene expression data into a minimal set of gene programs that correspond to processes executed by cells in a sample. However, matrix factorization methods are prone to technical artifacts and poor factor interpretability. We address these concerns with Spectra, an algorithm that combines user-provided gene programs with the detection of novel programs that together best explain expression covariation. Spectra incorporates existing gene sets and cell-type labels as prior biological information, explicitly models cell type and represents input gene sets as a gene-gene knowledge graph using a penalty function to guide factorization toward the input graph. We show that Spectra outperforms existing approaches in challenging tumor immune contexts, as it finds factors that change under immune checkpoint therapy, disentangles the highly correlated features of CD8+ T cell tumor reactivity and exhaustion, finds a program that explains continuous macrophage state changes under therapy and identifies cell-type-specific immune metabolic programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell Z Kunes
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Statistics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Thomas Walle
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Virotherapy, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Max Land
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tal Nawy
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dana Pe'er
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA.
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15
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Ramirez DE, Mohamed A, Huang YH, Turk MJ. In the right place at the right time: tissue-resident memory T cells in immunity to cancer. Curr Opin Immunol 2023; 83:102338. [PMID: 37229984 PMCID: PMC10631801 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2023.102338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Tissue-resident memory (Trm) cells have recently emerged as essential components of the immune response to cancer. Here, we highlight new studies that demonstrate how CD8+ Trm cells are ideally suited to accumulate in tumors and associated tissues, to recognize a wide range of tumor antigens (Ags), and to persist as durable memory. We discuss compelling evidence that Trm cells maintain potent recall function and serve as principal mediators of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapeutic efficacy in patients. Finally, we propose that Trm and circulating memory T-cell compartments together form a formidable barrier against metastatic cancer. These studies affirm Trm cells as potent, durable, and necessary mediators of cancer immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delaney E Ramirez
- Dartmouth Cancer Center and the Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, USA
| | - Asmaa Mohamed
- Dartmouth Cancer Center and the Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, USA
| | - Yina H Huang
- Dartmouth Cancer Center and the Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, USA
| | - Mary Jo Turk
- Dartmouth Cancer Center and the Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, USA.
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16
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Koppensteiner L, Mathieson L, Pattle S, Dorward DA, O'Connor R, Akram AR. Location of CD39 + T cell subpopulations within tumors predict differential outcomes in non-small cell lung cancer. J Immunother Cancer 2023; 11:e006770. [PMID: 37648263 PMCID: PMC10471883 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2023-006770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE An improved mechanistic understanding of immunosuppressive pathways in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is important to develop novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Here, we investigate the prognostic significance of the ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73 in NSCLC. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The expression and localization of CD39, CD73 and CD103 was digitally quantified in a cohort of 162 early treatment naïve NSCLC patients using multiplex-immunofluorescence and related to patient outcome. Expression among different cell-populations was assessed via flow cytometry. Targeted RNA-Seq was performed on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from digested NSCLC tumor tissue and single-cell RNA-Seq data was analyzed to investigate the functional significance of CD39+ T cell populations. RESULTS We demonstrate that flow cytometry of early untreated NSCLC patients shows an upregulation of CD39 expression in the tumor tissue among natural killer (NK) cells, fibroblasts and T cells. CD73 expression is mainly found among fibroblasts and Epcam+cells in the tumor tissue. Multiplex Immunofluorescence in a cohort of 162 early untreated NSCLC patients demonstrates that CD39 expression is mainly localized in the tumor stroma while CD73 expression is equally distributed between tumor nest and stroma, and high expression of CD39 and CD73 in the tumor stroma is associated with poor recurrence-free survival (RFS) at 5 years. Additionally, we find that CD8+T cells located in the tumor nest express CD103 and the density of CD39+CD103+CD8+ T cells in the tumor nest predicts improved RFS at 5 years. Targeted RNA-Seq shows that the tumor microenvironment of NSCLC upregulates regulatory pathways in CD4+ T cells and exhaustion in CD8+ T cells, and analysis of a single cell RNA sequencing dataset shows that CD39+CD4+ cells are enriched in Treg signature gene-sets, and CD39+CD103+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte show gene signatures indicative of an exhausted cytotoxic phenotype with upregulated expression of CXCL13. CONCLUSIONS Knowledge of patterns of distribution and location are required to understand the prognostic impact of CD39+ T cell populations in NSCLC. This study provides an improved understanding of spatial and functional characteristics of CD39+ T cells and their significance to patient outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Layla Mathieson
- Centre for Inflammation Research, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Samuel Pattle
- Department of Pathology, Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Richard O'Connor
- Centre for Inflammation Research, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ahsan R Akram
- Centre for Inflammation Research, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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17
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Abstract
Recent advances in cancer immunotherapy - ranging from immune-checkpoint blockade therapy to adoptive cellular therapy and vaccines - have revolutionized cancer treatment paradigms, yet the variability in clinical responses to these agents has motivated intense interest in understanding how the T cell landscape evolves with respect to response to immune intervention. Over the past decade, the advent of multidimensional single-cell technologies has provided the unprecedented ability to dissect the constellation of cell states of lymphocytes within a tumour microenvironment. In particular, the rapidly expanding capacity to definitively link intratumoural phenotypes with the antigen specificity of T cells provided by T cell receptors (TCRs) has now made it possible to focus on investigating the properties of T cells with tumour-specific reactivity. Moreover, the assessment of TCR clonality has enabled a molecular approach to track the trajectories, clonal dynamics and phenotypic changes of antitumour T cells over the course of immunotherapeutic intervention. Here, we review the current knowledge on the cellular states and antigen specificities of antitumour T cells and examine how fine characterization of T cell dynamics in patients has provided meaningful insights into the mechanisms underlying effective cancer immunotherapy. We highlight those T cell subsets associated with productive T cell responses and discuss how diverse immunotherapies might leverage the pre-existing tumour-reactive T cell pool or instruct de novo generation of antitumour specificities. Future studies aimed at elucidating the factors associated with the elicitation of productive antitumour T cell immunity are anticipated to instruct the design of more efficacious treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Oliveira
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Catherine J Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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18
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Donkor M, Choe J, Reid DM, Quinn B, Pulse M, Ranjan A, Chaudhary P, Jones HP. Nasal Tumor Vaccination Protects against Lung Tumor Development by Induction of Resident Effector and Memory Anti-Tumor Immune Responses. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020445. [PMID: 36839766 PMCID: PMC9958580 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung metastasis is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Here, we show that intranasal delivery of our engineered CpG-coated tumor antigen (Tag)-encapsulated nanoparticles (NPs)-nasal nano-vaccine-significantly reduced lung colonization by intravenous challenge of an extra-pulmonary tumor. Protection against tumor-cell lung colonization was linked to the induction of localized mucosal-associated effector and resident memory T cells as well as increased bronchiolar alveolar lavage-fluid IgA and serum IgG antibody responses. The nasal nano-vaccine-induced T-cell-mediated antitumor mucosal immune response was shown to increase tumor-specific production of IFN-γ and granzyme B by lung-derived CD8+ T cells. These findings demonstrate that our engineered nasal nano-vaccine has the potential to be used as a prophylactic approach prior to the seeding of tumors in the lungs, and thereby prevent overt lung metastases from existing extra pulmonary tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Donkor
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Jamie Choe
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Danielle Marie Reid
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Byron Quinn
- Department of Biology, Langston University, Langston, OK 73050, USA
| | - Mark Pulse
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Amalendu Ranjan
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Pankaj Chaudhary
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Harlan P. Jones
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(817)-735-2448
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Predictive Biomarkers for Response to Immunotherapy in Triple Negative Breast Cancer: Promises and Challenges. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12030953. [PMID: 36769602 PMCID: PMC9917763 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12030953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly heterogeneous disease with a poor prognosis and a paucity of therapeutic options. In recent years, immunotherapy has emerged as a new treatment option for patients with TNBC. However, this therapeutic evolution is paralleled by a growing need for biomarkers which allow for a better selection of patients who are most likely to benefit from this immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-based regimen. These biomarkers will not only facilitate a better optimization of treatment strategies, but they will also avoid unnecessary side effects in non-responders, and limit the increasing financial toxicity linked to the use of these agents. Huge efforts have been deployed to identify predictive biomarkers for the ICI, but until now, the fruits of this labor remained largely unsatisfactory. Among clinically validated biomarkers, only programmed death-ligand 1 protein (PD-L1) expression has been prospectively assessed in TNBC trials. In addition to this, microsatellite instability and a high tumor mutational burden are approved as tumor agnostic biomarkers, but only a small percentage of TNBC fits this category. Furthermore, TNBC should no longer be approached as a single biological entity, but rather as a complex disease with different molecular, clinicopathological, and tumor microenvironment subgroups. This review provides an overview of the validated and evolving predictive biomarkers for a response to ICI in TNBC.
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