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Biersack B, Höpfner M. Emerging role of MYB transcription factors in cancer drug resistance. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2024; 7:15. [PMID: 38835346 PMCID: PMC11149108 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2023.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Decades ago, the viral myeloblastosis oncogene v-myb was identified as a gene responsible for the development of avian leukemia. However, the relevance of MYB proteins for human cancer diseases, in particular for solid tumors, remained basically unrecognized for a very long time. The human family of MYB transcription factors comprises MYB (c-MYB), MYBL2 (b-MYB), and MYBL1 (a-MYB), which are overexpressed in several cancers and are associated with cancer progression and resistance to anticancer drugs. In addition to overexpression, the presence of activated MYB-fusion proteins as tumor drivers was described in certain cancers. The identification of anticancer drug resistance mediated by MYB proteins and their underlying mechanisms are of great importance in understanding failures of current therapies and establishing new and more efficient therapy regimens. In addition, new drug candidates targeting MYB transcription factor activity and signaling have emerged as a promising class of potential anticancer therapeutics that could tackle MYB-dependent drug-resistant cancers in a more selective way. This review describes the correlation of MYB transcription factors with the formation and persistence of cancer resistance to various approved and investigational anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Biersack
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth 95440, Germany
| | - Michael Höpfner
- Institute for Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin 10117, Germany
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2
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Al-Akhras A, Hage Chehade C, Narang A, Swami U. PARP Inhibitors in Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: Unraveling the Therapeutic Landscape. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:198. [PMID: 38398706 PMCID: PMC10890352 DOI: 10.3390/life14020198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The treatment landscape of metastatic prostate cancer (mPCa) is rapidly evolving with the recent approvals of poly-ADP ribose polymerase inhibitors (PARPis) as monotherapy or as part of combination therapy with androgen receptor pathway inhibitors in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Already part of the therapeutic armamentarium in different types of advanced cancers, these molecules have shaped a new era in mPCa by targeting genomic pathways altered in these patients, leading to promising responses. These agents act by inhibiting poly-ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) enzymes involved in repairing single-strand breaks in the DNA. Based on the PROfound and TRITON3 trials, olaparib and rucaparib were respectively approved as monotherapy in pretreated patients with mCRPC and alterations in prespecified genes. The combinations of olaparib with abiraterone (PROpel) and niraparib with abiraterone (MAGNITUDE) were approved as first-line options in patients with mCRPC and alterations in BRCA1/2, whereas the combination of talazoparib with enzalutamide (TALAPRO-2) was approved in the same setting in patients with alterations in any of the HRR genes, which are found in around a quarter of patients with advanced prostate cancer. Additional trials are already underway to assess these agents in an earlier hormone-sensitive setting. Future directions will include refining the treatment sequencing in patients with mCRPC in the clinic while taking into account the financial toxicity as well as the potential side effects encountered with these therapies and elucidating their mechanism of action in patients with non-altered HRR genes. Herein, we review the biological rationale behind using PARPis in mCRPC and the key aforementioned clinical trials that paved the way for these approvals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashaar Al-Akhras
- Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan;
| | - Chadi Hage Chehade
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; (C.H.C.); (A.N.)
| | - Arshit Narang
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; (C.H.C.); (A.N.)
| | - Umang Swami
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; (C.H.C.); (A.N.)
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Chao Z, Wang Z, Li L, Jiang Y, Tang Y, Wang Y, Hao X, Zhang C, Guo X, Yu W, Cheng F, Wang Z. Poly (ADP-ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors in Patients with Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:2198. [PMID: 38138301 PMCID: PMC10744677 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59122198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Context: Several recent randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have reported on the survival benefits of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) compared to standard-of-care (SOC) treatment (enzalutamide, abiraterone, or docetaxel) in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). However, there is a limited integrated analysis of high-quality evidence comparing the efficacy and safety of PARPi and SOC treatments in this context. Objective: This study aims to comprehensively analyze the survival benefits and adverse events associated with PARPi and SOC treatments through a head-to-head meta-analysis in mCRPC. Evidence acquisition: A systematic review search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Clinical trials, and the Central Cochrane Registry in July 2023. RCTs were assessed following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The systematic review was prospectively registered on PROSPERO (CRD42023441034). Evidence synthesis: A total of 8 studies, encompassing 2341 cases in the PARPi treatment arm and 1810 cases in the controlled arm, were included in the qualitative synthesis. The hazard ratio (HR) for radiographic progression-free survival (rPFS) and overall survival (OS) were 0.74 (95% CI, 0.61-0.90) and 0.89 (95% CI, 0.80-0.99), respectively, in the intention-to-treatment patients. For subgroup analysis, HRs for rPFS and OS in the BRCA-mutated subgroup were 0.39 (95% CI, 0.28-0.55) and 0.62 (95% CI, 0.38-0.99), while in the HRR-mutated subgroup, HR for rPFS was 0.57 (95% CI, 0.48-0.69) and for OS was 0.77 (95% CI, 0.64-0.93). The odds ratio (OR) for all grades of adverse events (AEs) and AEs with severity of at least grade 3 were 3.86 (95% CI, 2.53-5.90) and 2.30 (95% CI, 1.63-3.26), respectively. Conclusions: PARP inhibitors demonstrate greater effectiveness than SOC treatments in HRR/BRCA-positive patients with mCRPC. Further research is required to explore ways to reduce adverse event rates and investigate the efficacy of HRR/BRCA-negative patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Chao
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; (Z.C.)
| | - Zefeng Wang
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Le Li
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; (Z.C.)
| | - Yi Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yunxing Tang
- Department of Interventional Radiology and Vascular Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Yanan Wang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; (Z.C.)
| | - Xiaodong Hao
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; (Z.C.)
| | - Chunyu Zhang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; (Z.C.)
| | - Xiangdong Guo
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; (Z.C.)
| | - Weimin Yu
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Fan Cheng
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Zhihua Wang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; (Z.C.)
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Yang X, Zhao J, Wei D, Feng T, Guo P, Li Q, Wang Y, Han Y, Li M, Jiang Y, Luo Y. Enzalutamide combination with Arsenic trioxide suppresses the progression of castration-resistant prostate cancer. J Chemother 2023; 35:760-770. [PMID: 37011019 DOI: 10.1080/1120009x.2023.2194183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
The study aimed to investigate the anti-tumor effects and underlying mechanisms of Enzalutamide (ENZ) and Arsenic trioxide (ATO) co-treatment on castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). The effects on C4-2B cells were initially evaluated by colony formation assay, FACS analysis, and DNA fragmentation detection. Bioinformatics methods including mRNA-sequencing and gene enrichment analysis were used to screen the underlying target genes and pathways related to their actions. Western blot was employed to assess the expression levels of protein-related angiogenesis, apoptosis, DNA repair, and the screened genes. Finally, the effects were further verified in subcutaneous tumor models and tissue sections from the xenografts. It was found that not only could ENZ combination with ATO significantly inhibit cell proliferation and angiogenesis, but also induce cell arrest and apoptosis in C4-2B cells. In addition, interruption of the DNA damage repair-related pathways also occurred as a result of their combined effects. Western blot analysis further suggested that proteins involved in these pathways, especially P-ATR and P-CHEK1 were significantly reduced. In addition, their combination also inhibited the tumor growth of xenografts. Altogether, ENZ combination with ATO synergistically improved the therapeutic effects and suppressed CRPC progression through regulation of the ATR-CHEK1-CDC25C pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobing Yang
- Department of Urology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiahui Zhao
- Department of Urology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Dechao Wei
- Department of Urology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Feng
- Department of Urology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Pengju Guo
- Department of Urology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiankun Li
- Department of Urology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongxing Wang
- Department of Urology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yili Han
- Department of Urology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Mingchuan Li
- Department of Urology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongguang Jiang
- Department of Urology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Luo
- Department of Urology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Wang ZQ, Zhang ZC, Wu YY, Pi YN, Lou SH, Liu TB, Lou G, Yang C. Bromodomain and extraterminal (BET) proteins: biological functions, diseases, and targeted therapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:420. [PMID: 37926722 PMCID: PMC10625992 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01647-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BET proteins, which influence gene expression and contribute to the development of cancer, are epigenetic interpreters. Thus, BET inhibitors represent a novel form of epigenetic anticancer treatment. Although preliminary clinical trials have shown the anticancer potential of BET inhibitors, it appears that these drugs have limited effectiveness when used alone. Therefore, given the limited monotherapeutic activity of BET inhibitors, their use in combination with other drugs warrants attention, including the meaningful variations in pharmacodynamic activity among chosen drug combinations. In this paper, we review the function of BET proteins, the preclinical justification for BET protein targeting in cancer, recent advances in small-molecule BET inhibitors, and preliminary clinical trial findings. We elucidate BET inhibitor resistance mechanisms, shed light on the associated adverse events, investigate the potential of combining these inhibitors with diverse therapeutic agents, present a comprehensive compilation of synergistic treatments involving BET inhibitors, and provide an outlook on their future prospects as potent antitumor agents. We conclude by suggesting that combining BET inhibitors with other anticancer drugs and innovative next-generation agents holds great potential for advancing the effective targeting of BET proteins as a promising anticancer strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Qiang Wang
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Zhao-Cong Zhang
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Yu-Yang Wu
- School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ya-Nan Pi
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Sheng-Han Lou
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Tian-Bo Liu
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Ge Lou
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150086, China.
| | - Chang Yang
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150086, China.
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Giesen A, Baekelandt L, Devlies W, Devos G, Dumez H, Everaerts W, Claessens F, Joniau S. Double trouble for prostate cancer: synergistic action of AR blockade and PARPi in non-HRR mutated patients. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1265812. [PMID: 37810962 PMCID: PMC10551452 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1265812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common cancer in men worldwide. Despite better and more intensive treatment options in earlier disease stages, a large subset of patients still progress to metastatic castration-resistant PCa (mCRPC). Recently, poly-(ADP-ribose)-polymerase (PARP)-inhibitors have been introduced in this setting. The TALAPRO-2 and PROpel trials both showed a marked benefit of PARPi in combination with an androgen receptor signaling inhibitor (ARSI), compared with an ARSI alone in both the homologous recombination repair (HRR)-mutated, as well as in the HRR-non-mutated subgroup. In this review, we present a comprehensive overview of how maximal AR-blockade via an ARSI in combination with a PARPi has a synergistic effect at the molecular level, leading to synthetic lethality in both HRR-mutated and HRR-non-mutated PCa patients. PARP2 is known to be a cofactor of the AR complex, needed for decompacting the chromatin and start of transcription of AR target genes (including HRR genes). The inhibition of PARP thus reinforces the effect of an ARSI. The deep androgen deprivation caused by combining androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) with an ARSI, induces an HRR-like deficient state, often referred to as "BRCA-ness". Further, PARPi will prevent the repair of single-strand DNA breaks, leading to the accumulation of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). Due to the induced HRR-deficient state, DSBs cannot be repaired, leading to apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Giesen
- Department of Urology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Loïc Baekelandt
- Department of Urology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wout Devlies
- Department of Urology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Catholic University Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gaëtan Devos
- Department of Urology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Herlinde Dumez
- Department of Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wouter Everaerts
- Department of Urology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Frank Claessens
- Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Catholic University Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Steven Joniau
- Department of Urology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Catholic University Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
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Adams MN, Croft LV, Urquhart A, Saleem MAM, Rockstroh A, Duijf PHG, Thomas PB, Ferguson GP, Najib IM, Shah ET, Bolderson E, Nagaraj S, Williams ED, Nelson CC, O'Byrne KJ, Richard DJ. hSSB1 (NABP2/OBFC2B) modulates the DNA damage and androgen-induced transcriptional response in prostate cancer. Prostate 2023; 83:628-640. [PMID: 36811381 PMCID: PMC10953336 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Activation and regulation of androgen receptor (AR) signaling and the DNA damage response impact the prostate cancer (PCa) treatment modalities of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) and radiotherapy. Here, we have evaluated a role for human single-strand binding protein 1 (hSSB1/NABP2) in modulation of the cellular response to androgens and ionizing radiation (IR). hSSB1 has defined roles in transcription and maintenance of genome stability, yet little is known about this protein in PCa. METHODS We correlated hSSB1 with measures of genomic instability across available PCa cases from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Microarray and subsequent pathway and transcription factor enrichment analysis were performed on LNCaP and DU145 prostate cancer cells. RESULTS Our data demonstrate that hSSB1 expression in PCa correlates with measures of genomic instability including multigene signatures and genomic scars that are reflective of defects in the repair of DNA double-strand breaks via homologous recombination. In response to IR-induced DNA damage, we demonstrate that hSSB1 regulates cellular pathways that control cell cycle progression and the associated checkpoints. In keeping with a role for hSSB1 in transcription, our analysis revealed that hSSB1 negatively modulates p53 and RNA polymerase II transcription in PCa. Of relevance to PCa pathology, our findings highlight a transcriptional role for hSSB1 in regulating the androgen response. We identified that AR function is predicted to be impacted by hSSB1 depletion, whereby this protein is required to modulate AR gene activity in PCa. CONCLUSIONS Our findings point to a key role for hSSB1 in mediating the cellular response to androgen and DNA damage via modulation of transcription. Exploiting hSSB1 in PCa might yield benefits as a strategy to ensure a durable response to ADT and/or radiotherapy and improved patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark N. Adams
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Translational Research InstituteQueensland University of TechnologyWoolloongabbaQueenslandAustralia
| | - Laura V. Croft
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Translational Research InstituteQueensland University of TechnologyWoolloongabbaQueenslandAustralia
| | - Aaron Urquhart
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Translational Research InstituteQueensland University of TechnologyWoolloongabbaQueenslandAustralia
| | | | - Anja Rockstroh
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Translational Research InstituteQueensland University of TechnologyWoolloongabbaQueenslandAustralia
| | - Pascal H. G. Duijf
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Translational Research InstituteQueensland University of TechnologyWoolloongabbaQueenslandAustralia
- Centre for Data ScienceQueensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
- Institute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
- Department of Medical GeneticsOslo University HospitalOsloNorway
- Diamantina InstituteThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Patrick B. Thomas
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Translational Research InstituteQueensland University of TechnologyWoolloongabbaQueenslandAustralia
- Queensland Bladder Cancer InitiativeWoolloongabbaQueenslandAustralia
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre – QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Genevieve P. Ferguson
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Translational Research InstituteQueensland University of TechnologyWoolloongabbaQueenslandAustralia
| | - Idris Mohd Najib
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Translational Research InstituteQueensland University of TechnologyWoolloongabbaQueenslandAustralia
| | - Esha T. Shah
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Translational Research InstituteQueensland University of TechnologyWoolloongabbaQueenslandAustralia
| | - Emma Bolderson
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Translational Research InstituteQueensland University of TechnologyWoolloongabbaQueenslandAustralia
| | - Shivashankar Nagaraj
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Translational Research InstituteQueensland University of TechnologyWoolloongabbaQueenslandAustralia
| | - Elizabeth D. Williams
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Translational Research InstituteQueensland University of TechnologyWoolloongabbaQueenslandAustralia
- Queensland Bladder Cancer InitiativeWoolloongabbaQueenslandAustralia
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre – QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Colleen C. Nelson
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Translational Research InstituteQueensland University of TechnologyWoolloongabbaQueenslandAustralia
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre – QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Kenneth J. O'Byrne
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Translational Research InstituteQueensland University of TechnologyWoolloongabbaQueenslandAustralia
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre – QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
- Cancer ServicesPrincess Alexandra HospitalWoolloongabbaQueenslandAustralia
| | - Derek J. Richard
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Translational Research InstituteQueensland University of TechnologyWoolloongabbaQueenslandAustralia
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Stentenbach M, Ermer JA, Rudler DL, Perks KL, Raven SA, Lee RG, McCubbin T, Marcellin E, Siira SJ, Rackham O, Filipovska A. Multi-omic profiling reveals an RNA processing rheostat that predisposes to prostate cancer. EMBO Mol Med 2023:e17463. [PMID: 37093546 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202317463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed malignancy and the third leading cause of cancer deaths. GWAS have identified variants associated with prostate cancer susceptibility; however, mechanistic and functional validation of these mutations is lacking. We used CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing to introduce a missense variant identified in the ELAC2 gene, which encodes a dually localised nuclear and mitochondrial RNA processing enzyme, into the mouse Elac2 gene as well as to generate a prostate-specific knockout of Elac2. These mutations caused enlargement and inflammation of the prostate and nodule formation. The Elac2 variant or knockout mice on the background of the transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate (TRAMP) model show that Elac2 mutation with a secondary genetic insult exacerbated the onset and progression of prostate cancer. Multiomic profiling revealed defects in energy metabolism that activated proinflammatory and tumorigenic pathways as a consequence of impaired noncoding RNA processing and reduced protein synthesis. Our physiologically relevant models show that the ELAC2 variant is a predisposing factor for prostate cancer and identify changes that underlie the pathogenesis of this cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maike Stentenbach
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Judith A Ermer
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Danielle L Rudler
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Kara L Perks
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Samuel A Raven
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Richard G Lee
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Tim McCubbin
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Esteban Marcellin
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Stefan J Siira
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Oliver Rackham
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
- Telethon Kids Institute, Northern Entrance, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Aleksandra Filipovska
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Telethon Kids Institute, Northern Entrance, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia
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9
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Quinn Z, Leiby B, Sonpavde G, Choudhury AD, Sweeney C, Einstein D, Szmulewitz R, Sartor O, Knudsen K, Yang ESH, Kelly WK. Phase I Study of Niraparib in Combination with Radium-223 for the Treatment of Metastatic Castrate-Resistant Prostate Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2023; 29:50-59. [PMID: 36321991 PMCID: PMC9812873 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-22-2526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify the safety of niraparib, a PARP inhibitor, in combination with Radium-223 for the treatment of metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) in men without known BRCA mutations. PATIENTS AND METHODS Men with progressive mCPRC following ≥1 line of androgen receptor (AR)-targeted therapy and bone metastases but no documented BRCA-1 or BRCA-2 alterations or bulky visceral disease were included. Niraparib dose was escalated in combination with standard dosing of Radium-223 using a time-to-event continual reassessment method. The highest dose level with a DLT probability <20% was defined as MTD. Secondary endpoints included PSA change and progression-free survival. Exploratory analyses included assessing DNA mutations found in ctDNA as well as gene expression changes assessed in whole blood samples. RESULTS Thirty patients were treated with niraparib and radium-223: 13 patients received 100 mg, 12 received 200 mg, and 5 patients received 300 mg of niraparib. There were six DLT events: two (13%) for neutropenia, two (13%) for thrombocytopenia, whereas fatigue and nausea each occurred once (3%). Anemia (2/13%) and neutropenia (2/13%) were the most common grade 3 adverse events. For patients with prior chemotherapy exposure, the MTD was 100 mg, whereas the MTD for chemotherapy naïve patients was 200 mg. Whole blood gene expression of PAX5 and CD19 was higher in responders and ARG-1, IL2R, and FLT3 expression was higher in nonresponders. CONCLUSIONS Combining niraparib with Radium-223 in patients with mCRPC was safe; however, further studies incorporating biomarkers will better elucidate the role of combinations of PARP inhibitors with DNA damaging and other agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Quinn
- Thomas Jefferson University, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Philadelphia PA
| | - Benjamin Leiby
- Thomas Jefferson University, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Philadelphia PA
| | - Guru Sonpavde
- Lank Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston MA
| | - Atish D Choudhury
- Lank Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston MA
| | - Christopher Sweeney
- Lank Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston MA
| | | | | | - Oliver Sartor
- Tulane University School of Medicine, Tulane Cancer Center, New Orleans, LA
| | - Karen Knudsen
- Thomas Jefferson University, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Philadelphia PA
| | - Eddy Shih-Hsin Yang
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, Birmingham, AL
| | - Wm. Kevin Kelly
- Thomas Jefferson University, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Philadelphia PA
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10
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Acharya S, Anand S, Khan MA, Zubair H, Srivastava SK, Singh S, Singh AP. Biphasic transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation of MYB by androgen signaling mediates its growth control in prostate cancer. J Biol Chem 2022; 299:102725. [PMID: 36410437 PMCID: PMC9791434 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
MYB, a proto-oncogene, is overexpressed in prostate cancer (PCa) and promotes its growth, aggressiveness, and resistance to androgen-deprivation therapy. Here, we examined the effect of androgen signaling on MYB expression and delineated the underlying molecular mechanisms. Paralleling a dichotomous effect on growth, low-dose androgen induced MYB expression at both transcript and protein levels, whereas it was suppressed in high-dose androgen-treated PCa cells. Interestingly, treatment with both low- and high-dose androgen transcriptionally upregulated MYB by increasing the binding of androgen receptor to the MYB promoter. In a time-course assay, androgen induced MYB expression at early time points followed by a sharp decline in high-dose androgen-treated cells due to decreased stability of MYB mRNA. Additionally, profiling of MYB-targeted miRNAs demonstrated significant induction of miR-150 in high-dose androgen-treated PCa cells. We observed a differential binding of androgen receptor on miR-150 promoter with significantly greater occupancy recorded in high-dose androgen-treated cells than those treated with low-dose androgen. Functional inhibition of miR-150 relieved MYB suppression by high-dose androgen, while miR-150 mimic abolished MYB induction by low-dose androgen. Furthermore, MYB-silencing or miR-150 mimic transfection suppressed PCa cell growth induced by low-dose androgen, whereas miR-150 inhibition rescued PCa cells from growth repression by high-dose androgen. Similarly, we observed that MYB silencing suppressed the expression of androgen-responsive, cell cycle-related genes in low-dose androgen-treated cells, while miR-150 inhibition increased their expression in cells treated with high-dose androgen. Overall, these findings reveal novel androgen-mediated mechanisms of MYB regulation that support its biphasic growth control in PCa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srijan Acharya
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA; Cancer Biology Program, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Shashi Anand
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA; Cancer Biology Program, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Mohammad Aslam Khan
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA; Cancer Biology Program, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Haseeb Zubair
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA; Cancer Biology Program, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Sanjeev Kumar Srivastava
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA; Cancer Biology Program, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Seema Singh
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA; Cancer Biology Program, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Ajay Pratap Singh
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA; Cancer Biology Program, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA.
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11
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Srivastava SK, Khan MA, Anand S, Zubair H, Deshmukh SK, Patel GK, Singh S, Andrews J, Wang B, Carter JE, Singh AP. MYB interacts with androgen receptor, sustains its ligand-independent activation and promotes castration resistance in prostate cancer. Br J Cancer 2022; 126:1205-1214. [PMID: 34837075 PMCID: PMC9023474 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-021-01641-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aberrant activation of androgen receptor signalling following castration therapy is a common clinical observation in prostate cancer (PCa). Earlier, we demonstrated the role of MYB overexpression in androgen-depletion resistance and PCa aggressiveness. Here, we investigated MYB-androgen receptor (AR) crosstalk and its functional significance. METHODS Interaction and co-localization of MYB and AR were examined by co-immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence analyses, respectively. Protein levels were measured by immunoblot analysis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The role of MYB in ligand-independent AR transcriptional activity and combinatorial gene regulation was studied by promoter-reporter and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. The functional significance of MYB in castration resistance was determined using an orthotopic mouse model. RESULTS MYB and AR interact and co-localize in the PCa cells. MYB-overexpressing PCa cells retain AR in the nucleus even when cultured under androgen-deprived conditions. AR transcriptional activity is also sustained in MYB-overexpressing cells in the absence of androgens. MYB binds and promotes AR occupancy to the KLK3 promoter. MYB-overexpressing PCa cells exhibit greater tumorigenicity when implanted orthotopically and quickly regain growth following castration leading to shorter mice survival, compared to those carrying low-MYB-expressing prostate tumours. CONCLUSIONS Our findings reveal a novel MYB-AR crosstalk in PCa and establish its role in castration resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeev Kumar Srivastava
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36617, USA
- Cancer Biology Program, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36604, USA
| | - Mohammad Aslam Khan
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36617, USA
- Cancer Biology Program, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36604, USA
| | - Shashi Anand
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36617, USA
- Cancer Biology Program, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36604, USA
| | - Haseeb Zubair
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36617, USA
- Cancer Biology Program, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36604, USA
| | - Sachin Kumar Deshmukh
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36617, USA
- Cancer Biology Program, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36604, USA
| | - Girijesh Kumar Patel
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36617, USA
- Cancer Biology Program, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36604, USA
| | - Seema Singh
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36617, USA
- Cancer Biology Program, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36604, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36688, USA
| | - Joel Andrews
- Bioimaging Core Facility, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36604, USA
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36688, USA
| | - James Elliot Carter
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36617, USA
| | - Ajay Pratap Singh
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36617, USA.
- Cancer Biology Program, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36604, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36688, USA.
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12
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Wu K, Liang J, Shao Y, Xiong S, Feng S, Li X. Evaluation of the Efficacy of PARP Inhibitors in Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:777663. [PMID: 34975480 PMCID: PMC8718674 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.777663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors have breakthrough designations for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). We performed a meta-analysis of current clinical trials to evaluate the efficacy of PARP inhibitors in mCRPC patients based on their genetic status. Methods: On August 2020, PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Web of Science were searched for phase II/III clinical studies on PARP inhibitors in mCRPC patients. Data were extracted independently by two investigators and analyzed using Review Manager software version 5.3. Primary endpoints included overall response rate (ORR) and progression-free survival (PFS). Results: Nine clinical trials were identified and analyzed for the clinical benefit of PARP inhibitors in mCRPC patients (n = 1,219). Pooled analyses demonstrated that PARP inhibitors could provide a significant improvement of ORR and PFS in patients with homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) when compared with non-HRD patients. Within the HRD subgroup, BRCA mutation patients achieved significantly higher ORR [odds ratio (OR): 9.97, 95% confidence interval (CI): 6.08-16.35] and PFS rates at 12 months (OR: 3.23, 95% CI: 1.71-6.10) when compared with BRCA wild-type patients. Furthermore, patients harboring HRD without BRCA mutations have a higher objective response after PARP inhibitor treatment compared with non-HRD patients. Conclusion: PARP inhibitor is an effective treatment option for mCRPC patients with mutations in genes related to the HR DNA repair pathway when compared with non-HRD patients. In addition to BRCA mutations, other HRD-related gene aberrations may also be used as novel biomarkers to predict the efficacy of PARP inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Xiang Li
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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13
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Chen YX, Tan LM, Gong JP, Huang MS, Yin JY, Zhang W, Zhou HH, Liu ZQ. Response prediction biomarkers and drug combinations of PARP inhibitors in prostate cancer. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2021; 42:1970-1980. [PMID: 33589795 PMCID: PMC8632930 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-020-00604-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
PARP inhibitors are a group of inhibitors targeting poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARP1 or PARP2) involved in DNA repair and transcriptional regulation, which may induce synthetic lethality in BRCAness tumors. Systematic analyzes of genomic sequencing in prostate cancer show that ~10%-19% of patients with primary prostate cancer have inactivated DNA repair genes, with a notably higher proportion of 23%-27% in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). These characteristic genomic alterations confer possible vulnerability to PARP inhibitors in patients with mCRPC who benefit only modestly from other therapies. However, only a small proportion of patients with mCRPC shows sensitivity to PARP inhibitors, and these sensitive patients cannot be fully identified by existing response prediction biomarkers. In this review, we provide an overview of the potential response prediction biomarkers and synergistic combinations studied in the preclinical and clinical stages, which may expand the population of patients with prostate cancer who may benefit from PARP inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Xin Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Engineering Research Center for Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Li-Ming Tan
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second People's Hospital of Huaihua City, Huaihua, 418000, China
| | - Jian-Ping Gong
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second People's Hospital of Huaihua City, Huaihua, 418000, China
| | - Ma-Sha Huang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Engineering Research Center for Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Ji-Ye Yin
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Engineering Research Center for Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Engineering Research Center for Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Hong-Hao Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Engineering Research Center for Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Zhao-Qian Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Engineering Research Center for Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China.
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14
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Yokobori K, Kawasaki Y, Sekine Y, Nobusawa S, Sakaki T, Negishi M, Kakizaki S. Androgen receptor phosphorylated at Ser815: The expression and function in the prostate and tumor-derived cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 194:114794. [PMID: 34715066 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Androgen is beneficial for the prostate with normal functions but creates a risk for prostate cancer progression. How androgen receptor (AR) mediates these various androgen actions remains elusive. AR conserves a phosphorylation motif within its ligand-binding domain throughout species. Here, we have found AR phosphorylated at Ser815 (P-AR) is expressed in normal tissues of both human and mouse prostates. P-AR begins expression in association with prostatic development and castration decreases its expression levels in the mouse prostate. Functional analysis of AR in prostate cancer PC-3 cells showed ligand-induced AR nuclear translocation and transactivation were disturbed by its phosphorylation at Ser815. Moreover, P-AR suppressed oncogenic AKT signaling suggesting a suppressive function for prostate cancer development. In fact, AR phosphorylation levels progressively decrease in human prostates as cancer worsens. These findings showed androgen might utilize P-AR to self-antagonize oncogenic signals and cancer progression believed to be regulated by non-phosphorylated AR (NonP-AR). By differing its target genes and signal regulations from those of NonP-AR, P-AR co-expression with NonP-AR may be the molecular basis for androgen to balance its actions and to control disease developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Yokobori
- Pharmacogenetics Section, Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
| | - Yuki Kawasaki
- Laboratory of Public Health, Faculty of Pharmacy, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, Takasaki, Gunma 370-0033, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Sekine
- Department of Urology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Sumihito Nobusawa
- Department of Human Pathology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Sakaki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398, Japan
| | - Masahiko Negishi
- Pharmacogenetics Section, Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
| | - Satoru Kakizaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan; Department of Clinical Research, National Hospital Organization Takasaki General Medical Center, Takasaki, Gunma 370-0829, Japan
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15
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Berchuck JE, Viscuse PV, Beltran H, Aparicio A. Clinical considerations for the management of androgen indifferent prostate cancer. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2021; 24:623-637. [PMID: 33568748 PMCID: PMC8353003 DOI: 10.1038/s41391-021-00332-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many systemic therapies for advanced prostate cancer work by disrupting androgen receptor signaling. Androgen indifferent prostate cancer (AIPC) variants, including aggressive variant prostate cancer (AVPC), neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC), and double-negative prostate cancer (DNPC), are increasingly common and often overlapping resistance phenotypes following treatment with androgen receptor signaling inhibitors in men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer and are associated with poor outcomes. Understanding the underlying biology and identifying effective therapies for AIPC is paramount for improving survival for men with prostate cancer. METHODS In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on AIPC variants, including our current understanding of the clinical, morphologic, and molecular features as well as current therapeutic approaches. We also explore emerging therapies and biomarkers aimed at improving outcomes for men with AIPC. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Establishing consensus definitions, developing novel biomarkers for early and accurate detection, further characterization of molecular drivers of each phenotype, and developing effective therapies will be critical to improving outcomes for men with AIPC. Significant progress has been made toward defining the clinical and molecular characteristics of AVPC, NEPC, and DNPC. Novel diagnostic approaches, including cell-free DNA, circulating tumor cells, and molecular imaging are promising tools for detecting AIPC in clinical practice. Building on previous treatment advances, several clinical trials are underway evaluating novel therapeutic approaches in patients with AIPC informed by an understanding of variant-specific biology. In this review, we discuss how these recent and ongoing studies will help to improve diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy for men with AIPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob E Berchuck
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paul V Viscuse
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Himisha Beltran
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Ana Aparicio
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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16
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Overexpression of CXCR7 is a Novel Indicator for Enzalutamide Resistance in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Patients. DISEASE MARKERS 2021; 2021:6649579. [PMID: 34413914 PMCID: PMC8369184 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6649579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background To evaluate whether the overexpression of chemokine receptor-7 (CXCR7) in prostatic tissues obtained from men with Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (CRPC) is associated with resistance to enzalutamide (Enza). Methods Based on the inclusion criteria of CRPC in EAU guidelines, all eligible patients treated in our hospital from January 2015 to December 2019 were included. Cases underwent radical prostatectomy, docetaxel-based chemotherapy, or new endocrine therapies (including Enza or abiraterone), and cases with severe cardiopulmonary disease or other malignant tumors were excluded. After immunohistochemical staining for CXCR7 expression in prostatic biopsy tissues, all enrolled cases were divided into two groups, namely, the CXCR7-positive group and the CXCR7-negative group. And then, PSA response to Enza treatment was recorded in detail and comparatively analyzed. In addition, the Cox proportional hazard modeling and the Kaplan-Meier analysis were used to determine PSA progression-free survival (PSAP-FS) and clinical or radiographic progression-free survival (CRP-FS) in this cohort. Results A total of 79 CRPC individuals were enrolled and evaluated in this study. Median follow-up durations were 24 months (range, 12-42) in the CXCR7-positive group (n = 47) and 28.5 months (range, 12-42) in the CXCR7-negative group (n = 32). The patients with lower CXCR7 expression showed much better PSA response to Enza treatment. There was 84.4% of CXCR7- cases showing decreasing PSA response, while there were 71.4% in the CXCR7/1+ group and 31.2% in the CXCR7/2+ group, respectively. All patients in the CXCR7/3+ group showed increasing PSA response to Enza treatment. And the percentage of patients whose PSA decreased over 50% is significantly higher in the CXCR7-negative group than in the CXCR7-positive group (68.8% vs. 8.5%, P < 0.001), and the percentage of patients whose PSA decreased over 90% is also remarkably higher in the CXCR7-negative group (43.8% vs. 0, P < 0.001). The Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated that the oncologic outcomes of CXCR7-negative patients were improved much significantly by Enza treatment in comparison with those of CXCR7-positive patients. Significantly increased median PSAP-FS (21 months vs. 6 months, P < 0.0001) and CRP-FS (27 months vs. 9 months, P < 0.0001) were obtained in the CXCR7-negative group. The further stratified analysis in all CXCR7-positive patients demonstrated that the patients with higher CXCR7 expression showed much worse outcome. The median time of PSAP-FS was 21 months in the CXCR7/1+ group, 9 months in the CXCR7/2+ group, and 6 months in the CXCR7/3+ group, while the median time of CRP-FS was 21 months in the CXCR7/1+ group, 12 months in the CXCR7/2+ group, and 6 months in the CXCR7/3+ group, respectively. Conclusion Overexpression of CXCR7 induced by an AR antagonist in CRPC patients displays much better treatment response to Enza. CXCR7 might be a novel therapeutic target gene for CRPC patients.
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Labanca E, Bizzotto J, Sanchis P, Anselmino N, Yang J, Shepherd PDA, Paez A, Antico-Arciuch V, Lage-Vickers S, Hoang AG, Tang X, Raso MG, Titus M, Efstathiou E, Cotignola J, Araujo J, Logothetis C, Vazquez E, Navone N, Gueron G. Prostate cancer castrate resistant progression usage of non-canonical androgen receptor signaling and ketone body fuel. Oncogene 2021; 40:6284-6298. [PMID: 34584218 PMCID: PMC8566229 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-02008-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) that progresses after androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) remains incurable. The underlying mechanisms that account for the ultimate emergence of resistance to ADT, progressing to castrate-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), include those that reactivate androgen receptor (AR), or those that are entirely independent or cooperate with androgen signaling to underlie PCa progression. The intricacy of metabolic pathways associated with PCa progression spurred us to develop a metabolism-centric analysis to assess the metabolic shift occurring in PCa that progresses with low AR expression. We used PCa patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) to assess the metabolic changes after castration of tumor-bearing mice and subsequently confirmed main findings in human donor tumor that progressed after ADT. We found that relapsed tumors had a significant increase in fatty acids and ketone body (KB) content compared with baseline. We confirmed that critical ketolytic enzymes (ACAT1, OXCT1, BDH1) were dysregulated after castrate-resistant progression. Further, these enzymes are increased in the human donor tissue after progressing to ADT. In an in silico approach, increased ACAT1, OXCT1, BDH1 expression was also observed for a subset of PCa patients that relapsed with low AR and ERG (ETS-related gene) expression. Further, expression of these factors was also associated with decreased time to biochemical relapse and decreased progression-free survival. Our studies reveal the key metabolites fueling castration resistant progression in the context of a partial or complete loss of AR dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefania Labanca
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology and the David H. Koch Center for Applied Research of Genitourinary Cancers, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Juan Bizzotto
- grid.7345.50000 0001 0056 1981Laboratorio de Inflamación y Cáncer, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina ,grid.7345.50000 0001 0056 1981CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Buenos Aires, CP1428 Argentina
| | - Pablo Sanchis
- grid.7345.50000 0001 0056 1981Laboratorio de Inflamación y Cáncer, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina ,grid.7345.50000 0001 0056 1981CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Buenos Aires, CP1428 Argentina
| | - Nicolas Anselmino
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology and the David H. Koch Center for Applied Research of Genitourinary Cancers, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Jun Yang
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology and the David H. Koch Center for Applied Research of Genitourinary Cancers, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Peter D. A. Shepherd
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology and the David H. Koch Center for Applied Research of Genitourinary Cancers, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Alejandra Paez
- grid.7345.50000 0001 0056 1981Laboratorio de Inflamación y Cáncer, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina ,grid.7345.50000 0001 0056 1981CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Buenos Aires, CP1428 Argentina ,grid.7345.50000 0001 0056 1981Unidad de Transferencia Genética, Instituto de Oncología “Angel H Roffo”, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Valeria Antico-Arciuch
- grid.7345.50000 0001 0056 1981Laboratorio de Inflamación y Cáncer, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina ,grid.7345.50000 0001 0056 1981CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Buenos Aires, CP1428 Argentina
| | - Sofia Lage-Vickers
- grid.7345.50000 0001 0056 1981Laboratorio de Inflamación y Cáncer, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina ,grid.7345.50000 0001 0056 1981CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Buenos Aires, CP1428 Argentina
| | - Anh G. Hoang
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology and the David H. Koch Center for Applied Research of Genitourinary Cancers, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Ximing Tang
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Maria Gabriela Raso
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Mark Titus
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology and the David H. Koch Center for Applied Research of Genitourinary Cancers, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Eleni Efstathiou
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology and the David H. Koch Center for Applied Research of Genitourinary Cancers, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Javier Cotignola
- grid.7345.50000 0001 0056 1981Laboratorio de Inflamación y Cáncer, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina ,grid.7345.50000 0001 0056 1981CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Buenos Aires, CP1428 Argentina
| | - John Araujo
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology and the David H. Koch Center for Applied Research of Genitourinary Cancers, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Christopher Logothetis
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology and the David H. Koch Center for Applied Research of Genitourinary Cancers, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Elba Vazquez
- grid.7345.50000 0001 0056 1981Laboratorio de Inflamación y Cáncer, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina ,grid.7345.50000 0001 0056 1981CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Buenos Aires, CP1428 Argentina
| | - Nora Navone
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology and the David H. Koch Center for Applied Research of Genitourinary Cancers, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Geraldine Gueron
- grid.7345.50000 0001 0056 1981Laboratorio de Inflamación y Cáncer, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina ,grid.7345.50000 0001 0056 1981CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Buenos Aires, CP1428 Argentina
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18
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Maiuri T, Hung CL, Suart C, Begeja N, Barba-Bazan C, Peng Y, Savic N, Wong T, Truant R. DNA Repair in Huntington's Disease and Spinocerebellar Ataxias: Somatic Instability and Alternative Hypotheses. J Huntingtons Dis 2021; 10:165-173. [PMID: 33579859 PMCID: PMC7990435 DOI: 10.3233/jhd-200414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The use of genome wide association studies (GWAS) in Huntington's disease (HD) research, driven by unbiased human data analysis, has transformed the focus of new targets that could affect age at onset. While there is a significant depth of information on DNA damage repair, with many drugs and drug targets, most of this development has taken place in the context of cancer therapy. DNA damage repair in neurons does not rely on DNA replication correction mechanisms. However, there is a strong connection between DNA repair and neuronal metabolism, mediated by nucleotide salvaging and the poly ADP-ribose (PAR) response, and this connection has been implicated in other age-onset neurodegenerative diseases. Validation of leads including the mismatch repair protein MSH3, and interstrand cross-link repair protein FAN1, suggest the mechanism is driven by somatic CAG instability, which is supported by the protective effect of CAA substitutions in the CAG tract. We currently do not understand: how somatic instability is triggered; the state of DNA damage within expanding alleles in the brain; whether this damage induces mismatch repair and interstrand cross-link pathways; whether instability mediates toxicity, and how this relates to human ageing. We discuss DNA damage pathways uncovered by HD GWAS, known roles of other polyglutamine disease proteins in DNA damage repair, and a panel of hypotheses for pathogenic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Maiuri
- McMaster University, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Claudia L.K. Hung
- McMaster University, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Celeste Suart
- McMaster University, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nola Begeja
- McMaster University, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Carlos Barba-Bazan
- McMaster University, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yi Peng
- McMaster University, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Natasha Savic
- McMaster University, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Timothy Wong
- McMaster University, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ray Truant
- McMaster University, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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19
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Drápela S, Khirsariya P, van Weerden WM, Fedr R, Suchánková T, Búzová D, Červený J, Hampl A, Puhr M, Watson WR, Culig Z, Krejčí L, Paruch K, Souček K. The CHK1 inhibitor MU380 significantly increases the sensitivity of human docetaxel-resistant prostate cancer cells to gemcitabine through the induction of mitotic catastrophe. Mol Oncol 2020; 14:2487-2503. [PMID: 32579780 PMCID: PMC7530791 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
As treatment options for patients with incurable metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) are considerably limited, novel effective therapeutic options are needed. Checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1) is a highly conserved protein kinase implicated in the DNA damage response (DDR) pathway that prevents the accumulation of DNA damage and controls regular genome duplication. CHK1 has been associated with prostate cancer (PCa) induction, progression, and lethality; hence, CHK1 inhibitors SCH900776 (also known as MK-8776) and the more effective SCH900776 analog MU380 may have clinical applications in the therapy of PCa. Synergistic induction of DNA damage with CHK1 inhibition represents a promising therapeutic approach that has been tested in many types of malignancies, but not in chemoresistant mCRPC. Here, we report that such therapeutic approach may be exploited using the synergistic action of the antimetabolite gemcitabine (GEM) and CHK1 inhibitors SCH900776 and MU380 in docetaxel-resistant (DR) mCRPC. Given the results, both CHK1 inhibitors significantly potentiated the sensitivity to GEM in a panel of chemo-naïve and matched DR PCa cell lines under 2D conditions. MU380 exhibited a stronger synergistic effect with GEM than clinical candidate SCH900776. MU380 alone or in combination with GEM significantly reduced spheroid size and increased apoptosis in all patient-derived xenograft 3D cultures, with a higher impact in DR models. Combined treatment induced premature mitosis from G1 phase resulting in the mitotic catastrophe as a prestage of apoptosis. Finally, treatment by MU380 alone, or in combination with GEM, significantly inhibited tumor growth of both PC339-DOC and PC346C-DOC xenograft models in mice. Taken together, our data suggest that metabolically robust and selective CHK1 inhibitor MU380 can bypass docetaxel resistance and improve the effectiveness of GEM in DR mCRPC models. This approach might allow for dose reduction of GEM and thereby minimize undesired toxicity and may represent a therapeutic option for patients with incurable DR mCRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Drápela
- Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic.,International Clinical Research Center, Center for Biomolecular and Cellular Engineering, St. Anne's University Hospital in Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Prashant Khirsariya
- International Clinical Research Center, Center for Biomolecular and Cellular Engineering, St. Anne's University Hospital in Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Chemistry, CZ Openscreen, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Wytske M van Weerden
- Department of Urology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Radek Fedr
- Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic.,International Clinical Research Center, Center for Biomolecular and Cellular Engineering, St. Anne's University Hospital in Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Suchánková
- Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic.,International Clinical Research Center, Center for Biomolecular and Cellular Engineering, St. Anne's University Hospital in Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Diana Búzová
- Department of Adaptive Biotechnologies, Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Červený
- Department of Adaptive Biotechnologies, Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Hampl
- International Clinical Research Center, Center for Biomolecular and Cellular Engineering, St. Anne's University Hospital in Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Puhr
- Department of Urology, Experimental Urology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - William R Watson
- School of Medicine, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Zoran Culig
- International Clinical Research Center, Center for Biomolecular and Cellular Engineering, St. Anne's University Hospital in Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Urology, Experimental Urology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lumír Krejčí
- International Clinical Research Center, Center for Biomolecular and Cellular Engineering, St. Anne's University Hospital in Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Paruch
- International Clinical Research Center, Center for Biomolecular and Cellular Engineering, St. Anne's University Hospital in Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Chemistry, CZ Openscreen, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Souček
- Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic.,International Clinical Research Center, Center for Biomolecular and Cellular Engineering, St. Anne's University Hospital in Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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20
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Ta HQ, Dworak N, Ivey ML, Roller DG, Gioeli D. AR phosphorylation and CHK2 kinase activity regulates IR-stabilized AR-CHK2 interaction and prostate cancer survival. eLife 2020; 9:51378. [PMID: 32579110 PMCID: PMC7338052 DOI: 10.7554/elife.51378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that checkpoint kinase 2 (CHK2) is a critical negative regulator of androgen receptor (AR) transcriptional activity, prostate cancer (PCa) cell growth, and androgen sensitivity. We have now uncovered that the AR directly interacts with CHK2 and ionizing radiation (IR) increases this interaction. This IR-induced increase in AR-CHK2 interactions requires AR phosphorylation and CHK2 kinase activity. PCa associated CHK2 mutants with impaired kinase activity reduced IR-induced AR-CHK2 interactions. The destabilization of AR - CHK2 interactions induced by CHK2 variants impairs CHK2 negative regulation of cell growth. CHK2 depletion increases transcription of DNAPK and RAD54, increases clonogenic survival, and increases resolution of DNA double strand breaks. The data support a model where CHK2 sequesters the AR through direct binding decreasing AR transcription and suppressing PCa cell growth. CHK2 mutation or loss of expression thereby leads to increased AR transcriptional activity and survival in response to DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huy Q Ta
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, United States
| | - Natalia Dworak
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, United States
| | - Melissa L Ivey
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, United States
| | - Devin G Roller
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, United States
| | - Daniel Gioeli
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, United States.,Cancer Center Member, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, United States
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21
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Palanisamy N, Yang J, Shepherd PDA, Li-Ning-Tapia EM, Labanca E, Manyam GC, Ravoori MK, Kundra V, Araujo JC, Efstathiou E, Pisters LL, Wan X, Wang X, Vazquez ES, Aparicio AM, Carskadon SL, Tomlins SA, Kunju LP, Chinnaiyan AM, Broom BM, Logothetis CJ, Troncoso P, Navone NM. The MD Anderson Prostate Cancer Patient-derived Xenograft Series (MDA PCa PDX) Captures the Molecular Landscape of Prostate Cancer and Facilitates Marker-driven Therapy Development. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 26:4933-4946. [PMID: 32576626 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-0479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Advances in prostate cancer lag behind other tumor types partly due to the paucity of models reflecting key milestones in prostate cancer progression. Therefore, we develop clinically relevant prostate cancer models. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Since 1996, we have generated clinically annotated patient-derived xenografts (PDXs; the MDA PCa PDX series) linked to specific phenotypes reflecting all aspects of clinical prostate cancer. RESULTS We studied two cell line-derived xenografts and the first 80 PDXs derived from 47 human prostate cancer donors. Of these, 47 PDXs derived from 22 donors are working models and can be expanded either as cell lines (MDA PCa 2a and 2b) or PDXs. The histopathologic, genomic, and molecular characteristics (androgen receptor, ERG, and PTEN loss) maintain fidelity with the human tumor and correlate with published findings. PDX growth response to mouse castration and targeted therapy illustrate their clinical utility. Comparative genomic hybridization and sequencing show significant differences in oncogenic pathways in pairs of PDXs derived from different areas of the same tumor. We also identified a recurrent focal deletion in an area that includes the speckle-type POZ protein-like (SPOPL) gene in PDXs derived from seven human donors of 28 studied (25%). SPOPL is a SPOP paralog, and SPOP mutations define a molecular subclass of prostate cancer. SPOPL deletions are found in 7% of The Cancer Genome Atlas prostate cancers, which suggests that our cohort is a reliable platform for targeted drug development. CONCLUSIONS The MDA PCa PDX series is a dynamic resource that captures the molecular landscape of prostate cancers progressing under novel treatments and enables optimization of prostate cancer-specific, marker-driven therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nallasivam Palanisamy
- Department of Urology, Vattikuti Urology Institute, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan.,Department of Pathology, Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology and the David H. Koch Center for Applied Research of Genitourinary Cancers, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Peter D A Shepherd
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology and the David H. Koch Center for Applied Research of Genitourinary Cancers, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Elsa M Li-Ning-Tapia
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology and the David H. Koch Center for Applied Research of Genitourinary Cancers, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Estefania Labanca
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology and the David H. Koch Center for Applied Research of Genitourinary Cancers, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ganiraju C Manyam
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Murali K Ravoori
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Vikas Kundra
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - John C Araujo
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology and the David H. Koch Center for Applied Research of Genitourinary Cancers, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Eleni Efstathiou
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology and the David H. Koch Center for Applied Research of Genitourinary Cancers, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Louis L Pisters
- Department of Urology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Xinhai Wan
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology and the David H. Koch Center for Applied Research of Genitourinary Cancers, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Xuemei Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Elba S Vazquez
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Quimica Biologica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana M Aparicio
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology and the David H. Koch Center for Applied Research of Genitourinary Cancers, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Shannon L Carskadon
- Department of Urology, Vattikuti Urology Institute, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan.,Department of Pathology, Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Scott A Tomlins
- Department of Pathology, Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Lakshmi P Kunju
- Department of Pathology, Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Arul M Chinnaiyan
- Department of Pathology, Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Bradley M Broom
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Christopher J Logothetis
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology and the David H. Koch Center for Applied Research of Genitourinary Cancers, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Patricia Troncoso
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Nora M Navone
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology and the David H. Koch Center for Applied Research of Genitourinary Cancers, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
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22
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Jeon HY, Hussain A, Qi J. Role of H3K9 demethylases in DNA double-strand break repair. JOURNAL OF CANCER BIOLOGY 2020; 1:10-15. [PMID: 32696030 DOI: 10.46439/cancerbiology.1.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
H3K9 demethylases can remove the repressive H3K9 methylation marks on histones to alter chromatin structure, gene transcription and epigenetic state of cells. By counteracting the function of H3K9 methyltransferases, H3K9 demethylases have been shown to play an important role in numerous biological processes, including diseases such as cancer. Recent evidence points to a key role for some H3K9 demethylases in the repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) via homologous recombination (HR) and/or non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) pathways. Mechanistically, H3K9 demethylases can upregulate the expression of DNA repair factors. They can also be recruited to the DNA damage sites and regulate the recruitment or function of DNA repair factors. Here, we will discuss the role and mechanisms of H3K9 demethylases in the regulation of DSB repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Young Jeon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Arif Hussain
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Baltimore VA Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jianfei Qi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
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23
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Li K, Peng S, Li Z, Lai Y, Wang Q, Tao Y, Wu W, Zhou Q, Gao Z, Chen J, Li H, Cai W, Guo Z, Huang H. Topoisomerase II-binding protein 1 promotes the progression of prostate cancer via ATR-CHK1 signaling pathway. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:9948-9958. [PMID: 32459662 PMCID: PMC7288942 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
DNA damage response (DDR) plays an important role in the progression of cancers, including prostate cancer (PCa). Topoisomerase II-binding protein 1 (TopBP1) is an essential promotor of ATR-mediated DDR. Herein, we investigated the association between TopBP1 and PCa and determined its effect on the progression of PCa. The expression and clinical features of TopBP1 were analyzed using large-scale cohort of tissue microarray analyses and The Cancer Genome Atlas database, which indicated that TopBP1 was positively correlated with high Gleason Score, advanced clinical and pathological stages, the metastasis status. Multivariate analysis revealed that the upregulation of TopBP1 was an independent predictor for a worse biochemical recurrence-free survival (BCR-free survival). Furthermore, we discovered that downregulation of TopBP1 significantly suppressed the growth and migration ability of PCa lines by loss-of-function assays in vitro. Further mechanistic investigations clarified that TopBP1 promoted proliferation and migration by activating ATR-Chk1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiwen Li
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shirong Peng
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zean Li
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiming Lai
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiong Wang
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiran Tao
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wanhua Wu
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qianghua Zhou
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ze Gao
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junxiu Chen
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Wenli Cai
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Zhenghui Guo
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hai Huang
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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24
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Fan L, Xu S, Zhang F, Cui X, Fazli L, Gleave M, Clark DJ, Yang A, Hussain A, Rassool F, Qi J. Histone demethylase JMJD1A promotes expression of DNA repair factors and radio-resistance of prostate cancer cells. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:214. [PMID: 32238799 PMCID: PMC7113292 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2405-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The DNA damage response (DDR) pathway is a promising target for anticancer therapies. The androgen receptor and myeloblastosis transcription factors have been reported to regulate expression of an overlapping set of DDR genes in prostate cancer cells. Here, we found that histone demethylase JMJD1A regulates expression of a different set of DDR genes largely through c-Myc. Inhibition of JMJD1A delayed the resolution of γ-H2AX foci, reduced the formation of foci containing ubiquitin, 53BP1, BRCA1 or Rad51, and inhibited the reporter activity of double-strand break (DSB) repair. Mechanistically, JMJD1A regulated expression of DDR genes by increasing not only the level but also the chromatin recruitment of c-Myc through H3K9 demethylation. Further, we found that ubiquitin ligase HUWE1 induced the K27-/K29-linked noncanonical ubiquitination of JMJD1A at lysine-918. Ablation of the JMJD1A noncanonical ubiquitination lowered DDR gene expression, impaired DSB repair, and sensitized response of prostate cells to irradiation, topoisomerase inhibitors or PARP inhibitors. Thus, development of agents that target JMJD1A or its noncanonical ubiquitination may sensitize the response of prostate cancer to radiotherapy and possibly also genotoxic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Fan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Songhui Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Fengbo Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Urology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100050, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolu Cui
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Urology, First Hospital of China Medical University, 110001, Shenyang, China
| | - Ladan Fazli
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Martin Gleave
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - David J Clark
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Austin Yang
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Arif Hussain
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Baltimore VA Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Feyruz Rassool
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jianfei Qi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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25
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Rooney JP, Chorley B, Kleinstreuer N, Corton JC. Identification of Androgen Receptor Modulators in a Prostate Cancer Cell Line Microarray Compendium. Toxicol Sci 2019; 166:146-162. [PMID: 30085300 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfy187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
High-throughput transcriptomic (HTTr) technologies are increasingly being used to screen environmental chemicals in vitro to identify molecular targets and provide mechanistic context for regulatory testing. Here, we describe the development and validation of a novel gene expression biomarker to identify androgen receptor (AR)-modulating chemicals using a pattern matching method. Androgen receptor biomarker genes were identified by their consistent expression after exposure to 4 AR agonists and 4 AR antagonists and included only those genes that were regulated by AR. The 51 gene biomarker was evaluated as a predictive tool using the fold-change, rank-based Running Fisher algorithm. Using 158 comparisons from cells treated with 95 chemicals, the biomarker gave balanced accuracies for prediction of AR activation or AR suppression of 97% or 98%, respectively. The biomarker correctly classified 16 out of the 17 AR reference antagonists including those that are "weak" and "very weak". Predictions based on microarray profiles from AR-positive LAPC-4 cells treated with 28 chemicals in antagonist mode were compared with those from an AR pathway model which used 11 in vitro HT assays. The balanced accuracy for suppression was 93%. Using our approach, we identified conditions in which AR was modulated in a large collection of microarray profiles from prostate cancer cell lines including (1) constitutively active mutants or knockdown of AR, (2) decreases in availability of androgens by castration or removal from media, and (3) exposure to chemical modulators that work through indirect mechanisms including suppression of AR expression. These results demonstrate that the AR gene expression biomarker could be a useful tool in HTTr to identify AR modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Rooney
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711.,Integrated Systems Toxicology Division, US-EPA, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
| | - Brian Chorley
- Integrated Systems Toxicology Division, US-EPA, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
| | - Nicole Kleinstreuer
- NTP Interagency Center for the Evaluation of Alternative Toxicological Methods, NTP, NIEHS, NIH, DHHS, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - J Christopher Corton
- Integrated Systems Toxicology Division, US-EPA, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
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26
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Wengner AM, Siemeister G, Lücking U, Lefranc J, Wortmann L, Lienau P, Bader B, Bömer U, Moosmayer D, Eberspächer U, Golfier S, Schatz CA, Baumgart SJ, Haendler B, Lejeune P, Schlicker A, von Nussbaum F, Brands M, Ziegelbauer K, Mumberg D. The Novel ATR Inhibitor BAY 1895344 Is Efficacious as Monotherapy and Combined with DNA Damage-Inducing or Repair-Compromising Therapies in Preclinical Cancer Models. Mol Cancer Ther 2019; 19:26-38. [PMID: 31582533 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-19-0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The DNA damage response (DDR) secures the integrity of the genome of eukaryotic cells. DDR deficiencies can promote tumorigenesis but concurrently may increase dependence on alternative repair pathways. The ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related (ATR) kinase plays a central role in the DDR by activating essential signaling pathways of DNA damage repair. Here, we studied the effect of the novel selective ATR kinase inhibitor BAY 1895344 on tumor cell growth and viability. Potent antiproliferative activity was demonstrated in a broad spectrum of human tumor cell lines. BAY 1895344 exhibited strong monotherapy efficacy in cancer xenograft models that carry DNA damage repair deficiencies. The combination of BAY 1895344 with DNA damage-inducing chemotherapy or external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) showed synergistic antitumor activity. Combination treatment with BAY 1895344 and DDR inhibitors achieved strong synergistic antiproliferative activity in vitro, and combined inhibition of ATR and PARP signaling using olaparib demonstrated synergistic antitumor activity in vivo Furthermore, the combination of BAY 1895344 with the novel, nonsteroidal androgen receptor antagonist darolutamide resulted in significantly improved antitumor efficacy compared with respective single-agent treatments in hormone-dependent prostate cancer, and addition of EBRT resulted in even further enhanced antitumor efficacy. Thus, the ATR inhibitor BAY 1895344 may provide new therapeutic options for the treatment of cancers with certain DDR deficiencies in monotherapy and in combination with DNA damage-inducing or DNA repair-compromising cancer therapies by improving their efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antje M Wengner
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals, Research and Development, Berlin, Germany.
| | | | - Ulrich Lücking
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals, Research and Development, Berlin, Germany
| | - Julien Lefranc
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals, Research and Development, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lars Wortmann
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals, Research and Development, Berlin, Germany
| | - Philip Lienau
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals, Research and Development, Berlin, Germany
| | - Benjamin Bader
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals, Research and Development, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulf Bömer
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals, Research and Development, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dieter Moosmayer
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals, Research and Development, Berlin, Germany
| | - Uwe Eberspächer
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals, Research and Development, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sven Golfier
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals, Research and Development, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Simon J Baumgart
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals, Research and Development, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernard Haendler
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals, Research and Development, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pascale Lejeune
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals, Research and Development, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Schlicker
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals, Research and Development, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Michael Brands
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals, Research and Development, Berlin, Germany
| | - Karl Ziegelbauer
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals, Research and Development, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dominik Mumberg
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals, Research and Development, Berlin, Germany
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27
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Liu B, Li L, Yang G, Geng C, Luo Y, Wu W, Manyam GC, Korentzelos D, Park S, Tang Z, Wu C, Dong Z, Sigouros M, Sboner A, Beltran H, Chen Y, Corn PG, Tetzlaff MT, Troncoso P, Broom B, Thompson TC. PARP Inhibition Suppresses GR-MYCN-CDK5-RB1-E2F1 Signaling and Neuroendocrine Differentiation in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2019; 25:6839-6851. [PMID: 31439587 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-0317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In this study, we addressed the underlying mechanisms for the association between enzalutamide (ENZ) treatment and neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC), and the critical involvement of MYCN, and loss of RB1 function in neuroendocrine differentiation (NED) of prostatic epithelial cells, and the development of NEPC. We further sought to determine whether PARP inhibition could suppress NEPC, and to identify molecular determinants of this therapeutic activity. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We used a novel prostate cancer patient-derived xenograft (PDX) treatment model, prostatic adenocarcinoma and NEPC cell lines, an NEPC organoid line, and NEPC xenograft models to address the mechanistic basis of ENZ-induced NED, and to analyze suppression of NED and NEPC growth by PARP inhibition. RESULTS We identified an ENZ treatment-associated glucocorticoid receptor (GR)-MYCN-CDK5-RB1-E2F1 signaling pathway that drives NED in prostatic adenocarcinoma PDX and cell line models. Mechanistically, long-term ENZ treatment transcriptionally upregulates signaling of the GR-MYCN axis, leading to CDK5R1 and CDK5R2 upregulation, Rb1 phosphorylation, and N-Myc-mediated and E2F1-mediated NED gene expression. Importantly, olaparib (OLA) or talazoparib (TALA) suppressed these activities, and the combination of OLA and dinaciclib (DINA), an inhibitor of CDK2 and CDK5, which also inhibits Rb1 phosphorylation, suppressed NED and significantly improved therapeutic efficiency in NEPC cells in vitro and in NEPC tumors in vivo. CONCLUSIONS The results of our study indicate an important role of GR-MYCN-CDK5R1/2-RB1-NED signaling in ENZ-induced and PARP inhibitor-suppressed NEPC. We also demonstrated efficacy for OLA+DINA combination therapy in NEPC xenograft models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Liu
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Likun Li
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Chuandong Geng
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Yong Luo
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Wenhui Wu
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ganiraju C Manyam
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Dimitrios Korentzelos
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Sanghee Park
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Zhe Tang
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Cheng Wu
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Zhenyang Dong
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Michael Sigouros
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Andrea Sboner
- Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College and New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York.,Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Himisha Beltran
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York.,Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Paul G Corn
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Michael T Tetzlaff
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Patricia Troncoso
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Bradley Broom
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Timothy C Thompson
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
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28
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Yang RM, Nanayakkara D, Kalimutho M, Mitra P, Khanna KK, Dray E, Gonda TJ. MYB regulates the DNA damage response and components of the homology-directed repair pathway in human estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer cells. Oncogene 2019; 38:5239-5249. [PMID: 30971760 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-0789-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Over 70% of human breast cancers are estrogen receptor-positive (ER+), most of which express MYB. In these and other cell types, the MYB transcription factor regulates the expression of many genes involved in cell proliferation, differentiation, tumorigenesis, and apoptosis. So far, no clear link has been established between MYB and the DNA damage response in breast cancer. Here, we found that silencing MYB in the ER+ breast cancer cell line MCF-7 led to increased DNA damage accumulation, as marked by increased γ-H2AX foci following induction of double-stranded breaks. We further found that this was likely mediated by decreased homologous recombination-mediated repair (HRR), since silencing MYB impaired the formation of RAD51 foci in response to DNA damage. Moreover, cells depleted for MYB exhibited reduced expression of several key genes involved in HRR including BRCA1, PALB2, and TOPBP1. Taken together, these data imply that MYB and its targets play an important role in the response of ER+ breast cancer cells to DNA damage, and suggest that induction of DNA damage along with inhibition of MYB activity could offer therapeutic benefits for ER+ breast cancer and possibly other cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren-Ming Yang
- School of Pharmacy, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia.,Keck School of Medicine at the Children's Hospital Los Angeles Campus, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA
| | - Devathri Nanayakkara
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - Murugan Kalimutho
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - Partha Mitra
- School of Pharmacy, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia.,Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, TRI, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Kum Kum Khanna
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - Eloise Dray
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovations, QUT at the Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia. .,Mater Research/UQ at the Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia. .,University of Texas Health, San Antonio, Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX, 78229-3900, USA.
| | - Thomas J Gonda
- School of Pharmacy, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia. .,University of South Australia Cancer Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia.
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29
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Xiao Z, He Y, Liu C, Xiang L, Yi J, Wang M, Shen T, Shen L, Xue Y, Shi H, Liu P. Targeting P16INK4A in uterine serous carcinoma through inhibition of histone demethylation. Oncol Rep 2019; 41:2667-2678. [PMID: 30896884 PMCID: PMC6448098 DOI: 10.3892/or.2019.7067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Uterine serous carcinoma (USC) is a subtype of endometrial cancer. Compared with endometrial endometroid carcinoma, the majority of USC cases are more aggressive. Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (P16INK4A) is a canonical tumor suppressor that blocks cell cycle progression; however, P16INK4A is overexpressed in USC. The aim of the present study was to determine the role of P16INK4A in P16INK4A‑positive endometrial cancer, with the hope of elucidating a novel therapeutic approach for this type of malignancy. A total of 2 endometrial cancer cell lines, ETN‑1 and EFE‑184, were selected for further investigation, due to them being known to express high levels of P16INK4A. Using short hairpin RNA targeting P16INK4A, P16INK4A was downregulated in these cancer cell lines. Cell viability and migration were examined via 2D/3D clonogenic and wound healing assays. Subsequently, GSK‑J4, a histone demethylase inhibitor, was employed to deplete P16INK4A in these cancer cell lines and an ex vivo culture system of a patient‑derived xenograft (PDX) endometrial tumor sample. Following P16INK4A knockdown, the proliferation and migration of ETN‑1 and EFE‑184 cells markedly declined. When exposed to GSK‑J4, the levels of KDM6B and P16INK4A were almost completely abrogated, and the cell viability was significantly reduced in these cell lines and the ex vivo‑cultured PDX tumor explants. The association between the levels of P16INK4A, lysine demethylase 6B (KDM6B) and the methylation status of histone 3 lysine 27 (H3K27) in these cell lines and the human USC tumor sample was also demonstrated. P16INK4A appears to be oncogenic in a number of endometrial cancer cell lines. The level of P16INK4A is associated with the methylation status of H3K27. Increased methylation of H3K27 coexists with downregulation of KDM6B and, subsequently, P16INK4A, which reduces cell proliferation and invasiveness in endometrial cancer. The observations of the present study may enable the development of a novel therapeutic strategy for P16INK4A‑positive endometrial cancer, particularly USC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Xiao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
| | - Yingying He
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
| | - Chongya Liu
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Lin Xiang
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Jingyan Yi
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Min Wang
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Tingting Shen
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Lanlin Shen
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Yijue Xue
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Hong Shi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
| | - Pixu Liu
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
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30
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Kido T, Li Y, Tanaka Y, Dahiya R, Chris Lau YF. The X-linked tumor suppressor TSPX downregulates cancer-drivers/oncogenes in prostate cancer in a C-terminal acidic domain dependent manner. Oncotarget 2019; 10:1491-1506. [PMID: 30863497 PMCID: PMC6407674 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
TSPX is a tumor suppressor gene located at Xp11.22, a prostate cancer susceptibility locus. It is ubiquitously expressed in most tissues but frequently downregulated in various cancers, including lung, brain, liver and prostate cancers. The C-terminal acidic domain (CAD) of TSPX is crucial for the tumor suppressor functions, such as inhibition of cyclin B/CDK1 phosphorylation and androgen receptor transactivation. Currently, the exact role of the TSPX CAD in transcriptional regulation of downstream genes is still uncertain. Using different variants of TSPX, we showed that overexpression of either TSPX, that harbors a CAD, or a CAD-truncated variant (TSPX[∆C]) drastically retarded cell proliferation in a prostate cancer cell line LNCaP, but cell death was induced only by overexpression of TSPX. Transcriptome analyses showed that TSPX or TSPX[∆C] overexpression downregulated multiple cancer-drivers/oncogenes, including MYC and MYB, in a CAD-dependent manner and upregulated various tumor suppressors in a CAD-independent manner. Datamining of transcriptomes of prostate cancer specimens in the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset confirmed the negative correlation between the expression level of TSPX and those of MYC and MYB in clinical prostate cancer, thereby supporting the hypothesis that the CAD of TSPX plays an important role in suppression of cancer-drivers/oncogenes in prostatic oncogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuo Kido
- Division of Cell and Developmental Genetics, Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Yunmin Li
- Division of Cell and Developmental Genetics, Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Yuichiro Tanaka
- Department of Urology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco and University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Rajvir Dahiya
- Department of Urology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco and University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Yun-Fai Chris Lau
- Division of Cell and Developmental Genetics, Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
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31
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Namekawa T, Ikeda K, Horie-Inoue K, Inoue S. Application of Prostate Cancer Models for Preclinical Study: Advantages and Limitations of Cell Lines, Patient-Derived Xenografts, and Three-Dimensional Culture of Patient-Derived Cells. Cells 2019; 8:cells8010074. [PMID: 30669516 PMCID: PMC6357050 DOI: 10.3390/cells8010074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Various preclinical models have been developed to clarify the pathophysiology of prostate cancer (PCa). Traditional PCa cell lines from clinical metastatic lesions, as exemplified by DU-145, PC-3, and LNCaP cells, are useful tools to define mechanisms underlying tumorigenesis and drug resistance. Cell line-based experiments, however, have limitations for preclinical studies because those cells are basically adapted to 2-dimensional monolayer culture conditions, in which the majority of primary PCa cells cannot survive. Recent tissue engineering enables generation of PCa patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) from both primary and metastatic lesions. Compared with fresh PCa tissue transplantation in athymic mice, co-injection of PCa tissues with extracellular matrix in highly immunodeficient mice has remarkably improved the success rate of PDX generation. PDX models have advantages to appropriately recapitulate the molecular diversity, cellular heterogeneity, and histology of original patient tumors. In contrast to PDX models, patient-derived organoid and spheroid PCa models in 3-dimensional culture are more feasible tools for in vitro studies for retaining the characteristics of patient tumors. In this article, we review PCa preclinical model cell lines and their sublines, PDXs, and patient-derived organoid and spheroid models. These PCa models will be applied to the development of new strategies for cancer precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Namekawa
- Division of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Research Center for Genomic Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Hidaka, Saitama 350-1241, Japan.
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Chiba 260-8677, Japan.
| | - Kazuhiro Ikeda
- Division of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Research Center for Genomic Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Hidaka, Saitama 350-1241, Japan.
| | - Kuniko Horie-Inoue
- Division of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Research Center for Genomic Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Hidaka, Saitama 350-1241, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Inoue
- Division of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Research Center for Genomic Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Hidaka, Saitama 350-1241, Japan.
- Department of Functional Biogerontology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan.
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32
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Karakashev S, Zhu H, Yokoyama Y, Zhao B, Fatkhutdinov N, Kossenkov AV, Wilson AJ, Simpkins F, Speicher D, Khabele D, Bitler BG, Zhang R. BET Bromodomain Inhibition Synergizes with PARP Inhibitor in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer. Cell Rep 2018; 21:3398-3405. [PMID: 29262321 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.11.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
PARP inhibition is known to be an effective clinical strategy in BRCA mutant cancers, but PARP inhibition has not been applied to BRCA-proficient tumors. Here, we show the synergy of BET bromodomain inhibition with PARP inhibition in BRCA-proficient ovarian cancers due to mitotic catastrophe. Treatment of BRCA-proficient ovarian cancer cells with the BET inhibitor JQ1 downregulated the G2-M cell-cycle checkpoint regulator WEE1 and the DNA-damage response factor TOPBP1. Combining PARP inhibitor Olaparib with the BET inhibitor, we observed a synergistic increase in DNA damage and checkpoint defects, which allowed cells to enter mitosis despite the accumulation of DNA damage, ultimately causing mitotic catastrophe. Moreover, JQ1 and Olaparib showed synergistic suppression of growth of BRCA-proficient cancer in vivo in a xenograft ovarian cancer mouse model. Our findings indicate that a combination of BET inhibitor and PARP inhibitor represents a potential therapeutic strategy for BRCA-proficient cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Karakashev
- Gene Expression and Regulation Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Hengrui Zhu
- Gene Expression and Regulation Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yuhki Yokoyama
- Gene Expression and Regulation Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Bo Zhao
- Gene Expression and Regulation Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Nail Fatkhutdinov
- Gene Expression and Regulation Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Andrew V Kossenkov
- Center for Systems and Computational Biology, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Andrew J Wilson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Fiona Simpkins
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Penn Ovarian Cancer Center Research Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - David Speicher
- Center for Systems and Computational Biology, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Dineo Khabele
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, The University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Benjamin G Bitler
- Gene Expression and Regulation Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Rugang Zhang
- Gene Expression and Regulation Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Capaia M, Granata I, Guarracino M, Petretto A, Inglese E, Cattrini C, Ferrari N, Boccardo F, Barboro P. A hnRNP K⁻AR-Related Signature Reflects Progression toward Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19071920. [PMID: 29966326 PMCID: PMC6073607 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19071920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The major challenge in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) remains the ability to predict the clinical responses to improve patient selection for appropriate treatments. The finding that androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) induces alterations in the androgen receptor (AR) transcriptional program by AR coregulators activity in a context-dependent manner, offers the opportunity for identifying signatures discriminating different clinical states of prostate cancer (PCa) progression. Gel electrophoretic analyses combined with western blot showed that, in androgen-dependent PCa and CRPC in vitro models, the subcellular distribution of spliced and serine-phosphorylated heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K (hnRNP K) isoforms can be associated with different AR activities. Using mass spectrometry and bioinformatic analyses, we showed that the protein sets of androgen-dependent (LNCaP) and ADT-resistant cell lines (PDB and MDB) co-immunoprecipitated with hnRNP K varied depending on the cell type, unravelling a dynamic relationship between hnRNP K and AR during PCa progression to CRPC. By comparing the interactome of LNCaP, PDB, and MDB cell lines, we identified 51 proteins differentially interacting with hnRNP K, among which KLK3, SORD, SPON2, IMPDH2, ACTN4, ATP1B1, HSPB1, and KHDRBS1 were associated with AR and differentially expressed in normal and tumor human prostate tissues. This hnRNP K–AR-related signature, associated with androgen sensitivity and PCa progression, may help clinicians to better manage patients with CRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Capaia
- Academic Unit of Medical Oncology, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino-IRCCS, L.go R. Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy.
| | - Ilaria Granata
- Institute for High Performance Computing and Networking (ICAR), National Research Council (CNR), Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Mario Guarracino
- Institute for High Performance Computing and Networking (ICAR), National Research Council (CNR), Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Andrea Petretto
- Core Facilities-Proteomics Laboratory, Giannina Gaslini Institute, L.go G. Gaslini 5, 16147 Genova, Italy.
| | - Elvira Inglese
- Core Facilities-Proteomics Laboratory, Giannina Gaslini Institute, L.go G. Gaslini 5, 16147 Genova, Italy.
| | - Carlo Cattrini
- Academic Unit of Medical Oncology, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino-IRCCS, L.go R. Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy.
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, School of Medicine, University of Genova, L.go R. Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy.
| | - Nicoletta Ferrari
- Molecular Oncology and Angiogenesis, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino-IRCCS, L.go R. Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy.
| | - Francesco Boccardo
- Academic Unit of Medical Oncology, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino-IRCCS, L.go R. Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy.
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, School of Medicine, University of Genova, L.go R. Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy.
| | - Paola Barboro
- Academic Unit of Medical Oncology, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino-IRCCS, L.go R. Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy.
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Vander Ark A, Cao J, Li X. Mechanisms and Approaches for Overcoming Enzalutamide Resistance in Prostate Cancer. Front Oncol 2018; 8:180. [PMID: 29911070 PMCID: PMC5992404 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Enzalutamide, a second-generation small-molecule inhibitor of the androgen receptor (AR), has been approved for patients who failed with androgen deprivation therapy and have developed castration-resistant prostate cancer. More than 80% of these patients develop bone metastases. The binding of enzalutamide to the AR prevents the nuclear translocation of the receptor, thus inactivating androgen signaling. However, prostate cancer cells eventually develop resistance to enzalutamide treatment. Studies have found resistance both in patients and in laboratory models. The mechanisms of and approaches to overcoming such resistance are significant issues that need to be addressed. In this review, we focus on the major mechanisms of acquired enzalutamide resistance, including genetic mutations and splice variants of the AR, signaling pathways that bypass androgen signaling, intratumoral androgen biosynthesis by prostate tumor cells, lineage plasticity, and contributions from the tumor microenvironment. Approaches for overcoming these mechanisms to enzalutamide resistance along with the associated problems and solutions are discussed. Emerging questions, concerns, and new opportunities in studying enzalutamide resistance will be addressed as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Vander Ark
- Program for Skeletal Disease and Tumor Microenvironment, Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, United States
| | - Jingchen Cao
- Program for Skeletal Disease and Tumor Microenvironment, Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, United States
| | - Xiaohong Li
- Program for Skeletal Disease and Tumor Microenvironment, Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, United States
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Huang Y, Jiang X, Liang X, Jiang G. Molecular and cellular mechanisms of castration resistant prostate cancer. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:6063-6076. [PMID: 29616091 PMCID: PMC5876469 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
With increases in the mortality rate and number of patients with prostate cancer (PCa), PCa, particularly the advanced and metastatic disease, has been the focus of a number of studies globally. Over the past seven decades, androgen deprivation therapy has been the primary therapeutic option for patients with advanced PCa; however, the majority of patients developed a poor prognosis stage of castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), which eventually led to mortality. Due to CRPC being incurable, laboratory investigations and clinical studies focusing on CRPC have been conducted worldwide. Clarification of the molecular pathways that may lead to CRPC is important for discovering novel therapeutic strategies to delay or reverse the progression of disease. A sustained androgen receptor (AR) signal is still regarded as the main cause of CRPC. Increasing number of studies have proposed different potential mechanisms that cause CRPC, and this has led to the development of novel agents targeting the AR-dependent pathway or AR-independent signaling. In the present review, the major underlying mechanisms causing CRPC, including several major categories of AR-dependent mechanisms, AR bypass signaling, AR-independent mechanisms and other important hypotheses (including the functions of autophagy, PCa stem cell and microRNAs in CRPC progression), are summarized with retrospective pre-clinical or clinical trials to guide future research and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqiao Huang
- Department of Urology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510700, P.R. China
| | - Xianhan Jiang
- Department of Urology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510700, P.R. China
| | - Xue Liang
- Department of Urology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510700, P.R. China
| | - Ganggang Jiang
- Department of Urology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510700, P.R. China
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36
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Zhang W, Liu B, Wu W, Li L, Broom BM, Basourakos SP, Korentzelos D, Luan Y, Wang J, Yang G, Park S, Azad AK, Cao X, Kim J, Corn PG, Logothetis CJ, Aparicio AM, Chinnaiyan AM, Navone N, Troncoso P, Thompson TC. Targeting the MYCN-PARP-DNA Damage Response Pathway in Neuroendocrine Prostate Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 24:696-707. [PMID: 29138344 PMCID: PMC5823274 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-1872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: We investigated MYCN-regulated molecular pathways in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) classified by morphologic criteria as adenocarcinoma or neuroendocrine to extend the molecular phenotype, establish driver pathways, and identify novel approaches to combination therapy for neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC).Experimental Design and Results: Using comparative bioinformatics analyses of CRPC-Adeno and CRPC-Neuro RNA sequence data from public data sets and a panel of 28 PDX models, we identified a MYCN-PARP-DNA damage response (DDR) pathway that is enriched in CRPC with neuroendocrine differentiation (NED) and CRPC-Neuro. ChIP-PCR assay revealed that N-MYC transcriptionally activates PARP1, PARP2, BRCA1, RMI2, and TOPBP1 through binding to the promoters of these genes. MYCN or PARP1 gene knockdown significantly reduced the expression of MYCN-PARP-DDR pathway genes and NED markers, and inhibition with MYCNsi and/or PARPsi, BRCA1si, or RMI2si significantly suppressed malignant activities, including cell viability, colony formation, and cell migration, in C4-2b4 and NCI-H660 cells. Targeting this pathway with AURKA inhibitor PHA739358 and PARP inhibitor olaparib generated therapeutic effects similar to those of gene knockdown in vitro and significantly suppressed tumor growth in both C4-2b4 and MDACC PDX144-13C subcutaneous models in vivoConclusions: Our results identify a novel MYCN-PARP-DDR pathway that is driven by N-MYC in a subset of CRPC-Adeno and in NEPC. Targeting this pathway using in vitro and in vivo CRPC-Adeno and CRPC-Neuro models demonstrated a novel therapeutic strategy for NEPC. Further investigation of N-MYC-regulated DDR gene targets and the biological and clinical significance of MYCN-PARP-DDR signaling will more fully elucidate the importance of the MYCN-PARP-DDR signaling pathway in the development and maintenance of NEPC. Clin Cancer Res; 24(3); 696-707. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wenhui Wu
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Likun Li
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Bradley M Broom
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Spyridon P Basourakos
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Dimitrios Korentzelos
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Yang Luan
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jianxiang Wang
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Sanghee Park
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Abul Kalam Azad
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Xuhong Cao
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jeri Kim
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Paul G Corn
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Christopher J Logothetis
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ana M Aparicio
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Arul M Chinnaiyan
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Nora Navone
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Patricia Troncoso
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Timothy C Thompson
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
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37
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Affiliation(s)
- Wassim Abida
- Wassim Abida, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; and Charles L. Sawyers, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD
| | - Charles L Sawyers
- Wassim Abida, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; and Charles L. Sawyers, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD
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38
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Lam HM, Nguyen HM, Corey E. Generation of Prostate Cancer Patient-Derived Xenografts to Investigate Mechanisms of Novel Treatments and Treatment Resistance. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1786:1-27. [PMID: 29786784 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7845-8_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Treatment advances lead to survival benefits of patients with advanced prostate cancer. These treatments are highly efficacious in a subset of patients; however, similarly to other cancers, after initial responses the tumors develop resistance (acquired resistance) and the patients succumb to the disease. Furthermore, there is a subset of patients who do not respond to the treatment at all (de novo resistance). Preclinical testing using patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) has led to successful drug development, and PDXs will continue to provide valuable resources to generate clinically relevant data with translational potential. PDXs demonstrate tumor heterogeneity observed in patients, preserve tumor-microenvironment architecture, and provide clinically relevant treatment responses. In view of the evolving biology of the advanced prostate cancer associated with new treatments, PDXs representing these new tumor phenotypes are urgently needed for the study of treatment responses and resistance. In this chapter, we describe methodologies used to establish prostate cancer PDXs and use of these PDXs to study de novo and acquired resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Ming Lam
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Holly M Nguyen
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Eva Corey
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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39
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Karanika S, Karantanos T, Li L, Wang J, Park S, Yang G, Zuo X, Song JH, Maity SN, Manyam GC, Broom B, Aparicio AM, Gallick GE, Troncoso P, Corn PG, Navone N, Zhang W, Li S, Thompson TC. Targeting DNA Damage Response in Prostate Cancer by Inhibiting Androgen Receptor-CDC6-ATR-Chk1 Signaling. Cell Rep 2017; 18:1970-1981. [PMID: 28228262 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.01.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell division cycle 6 (CDC6), an androgen receptor (AR) target gene, is implicated in regulating DNA replication and checkpoint mechanisms. CDC6 expression is increased during prostate cancer (PCa) progression and positively correlates with AR in PCa tissues. AR or CDC6 knockdown, together with AZD7762, a Chk1/2 inhibitor, results in decreased TopBP1-ATR-Chk1 signaling and markedly increased ataxia-telangiectasia-mutated (ATM) phosphorylation, a biomarker of DNA damage, and synergistically increases treatment efficacy. Combination treatment with the AR signaling inhibitor enzalutamide (ENZ) and the Chk1/2 inhibitor AZD7762 demonstrates synergy with regard to inhibition of AR-CDC6-ATR-Chk1 signaling, ATM phosphorylation induction, and apoptosis in VCaP (mutant p53) and LNCaP-C4-2b (wild-type p53) cells. CDC6 overexpression significantly reduced ENZ- and AZD7762-induced apoptosis. Additive or synergistic therapeutic activities are demonstrated in AR-positive animal xenograft models. These findings have important clinical implications, since they introduce a therapeutic strategy for AR-positive, metastatic, castration-resistant PCa, regardless of p53 status, through targeting AR-CDC6-ATR-Chk1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Styliani Karanika
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Theodoros Karantanos
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Likun Li
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jianxiang Wang
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sanghee Park
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xuemei Zuo
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jian H Song
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sankar N Maity
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ganiraju C Manyam
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77230, USA
| | - Bradley Broom
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77230, USA
| | - Ana M Aparicio
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Gary E Gallick
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Patricia Troncoso
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Paul G Corn
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Nora Navone
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Shuhua Li
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Timothy C Thompson
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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40
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Thompson TC, Li L, Broom BM. Combining enzalutamide with PARP inhibitors: Pharmaceutically induced BRCAness. Oncotarget 2017; 8:93315-93316. [PMID: 29212150 PMCID: PMC5706796 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy C Thompson
- Timothy C. Thompson: Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Likun Li
- Timothy C. Thompson: Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bradley M Broom
- Timothy C. Thompson: Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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41
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Qiu Z, Oleinick NL, Zhang J. ATR/CHK1 inhibitors and cancer therapy. Radiother Oncol 2017; 126:450-464. [PMID: 29054375 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2017.09.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The cell cycle checkpoint proteins ataxia-telangiectasia-mutated-and-Rad3-related kinase (ATR) and its major downstream effector checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1) prevent the entry of cells with damaged or incompletely replicated DNA into mitosis when the cells are challenged by DNA damaging agents, such as radiation therapy (RT) or chemotherapeutic drugs, that are the major modalities to treat cancer. This regulation is particularly evident in cells with a defective G1 checkpoint, a common feature of cancer cells, due to p53 mutations. In addition, ATR and/or CHK1 suppress replication stress (RS) by inhibiting excess origin firing, particularly in cells with activated oncogenes. Those functions of ATR/CHK1 make them ideal therapeutic targets. ATR/CHK1 inhibitors have been developed and are currently used either as single agents or paired with radiotherapy or a variety of genotoxic chemotherapies in preclinical and clinical studies. Here, we review the status of the development of ATR and CHK1 inhibitors. We also discuss the potential mechanisms by which ATR and CHK1 inhibition induces cell killing in the presence or absence of exogenous DNA damaging agents, such as RT and chemotherapeutic agents. Lastly, we discuss synthetic lethality interactions between the inhibition of ATR/CHK1 and defects in other DNA damage response (DDR) pathways/genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaojun Qiu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA
| | - Nancy L Oleinick
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA; Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA
| | - Junran Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA; Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA.
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42
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Ning J, Wakimoto H, Peters C, Martuza RL, Rabkin SD. Rad51 Degradation: Role in Oncolytic Virus-Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase Inhibitor Combination Therapy in Glioblastoma. J Natl Cancer Inst 2017; 109:1-13. [PMID: 28376211 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djw229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Clinical success of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARP i ) has been limited to repair-deficient cancers and by resistance. Oncolytic herpes simplex viruses (oHSVs) selectively kill cancer cells, irrespective of mutation, and manipulate DNA damage responses (DDR). Here, we explore potential synthetic lethal-like interactions between oHSV and PARP i . Methods The efficacy of combining PARP i , oHSV MG18L, and G47Δ in killing patient-derived glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) was assessed using cell viability assays and Chou-Talalay synergy analysis. Effects on DDR pathways, apoptosis, and cell cycle after manipulation with pharmacological inhibitors and lentivirus-mediated knockdown or overexpression were examined by immunoblotting and FACS. In vivo efficacy was evaluated in two GSC-derived orthotopic xenograft models (n = 7-8 per group). All statistical tests were two-sided. Results GSCs are differentially sensitive to PARP i despite uniform inhibition of PARP activity. oHSV sensitized GSCs to PARP i , irrespective of their PARP i sensitivity through selective proteasomal degradation of key DDR proteins; Rad51, mediating the combination effects; and Chk1. Rad51 degradation required HSV DNA replication. This synthetic lethal-like interaction increased DNA damage, apoptosis, and cell death in vitro and in vivo. Combined treatment of mice bearing PARP i -sensitive or -resistant GSC-derived brain tumors greatly extended median survival compared to either agent alone (vs olaparib: P ≤.001; vs MG18L: P = .005; median survival for sensitive of 83 [95% CI = 77 to 86], 94 [95% CI = 75 to 107], 102 [95% CI = 85 to 110], and 131 [95% CI = 108 to 170] days and for resistant of 54 [95% CI = 52 to 58], 56 [95% CI = 52 to 61], 62 [95% CI = 56 to 72], and 75 [95% CI = 64 to 90] days for mock, PARPi, oHSV, and combination, respectively). Conclusions The unique oHSV property to target multiple components of DDR generates cancer selective sensitivity to PARP i . This combination of oHSV with PARP i is a new anticancer strategy that overcomes the clinical barriers of PARP i resistance and DNA repair proficiency and is applicable not only to glioblastoma, an invariably lethal tumor, but also to other tumor types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfang Ning
- Molecular Neurosurgery Laboratory, Brain Tumor Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hiroaki Wakimoto
- Molecular Neurosurgery Laboratory, Brain Tumor Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cole Peters
- Molecular Neurosurgery Laboratory, Brain Tumor Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Program in Virology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robert L Martuza
- Molecular Neurosurgery Laboratory, Brain Tumor Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Samuel D Rabkin
- Molecular Neurosurgery Laboratory, Brain Tumor Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Program in Virology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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43
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Li L, Karanika S, Yang G, Wang J, Park S, Broom BM, Manyam GC, Wu W, Luo Y, Basourakos S, Song JH, Gallick GE, Karantanos T, Korentzelos D, Azad AK, Kim J, Corn PG, Aparicio AM, Logothetis CJ, Troncoso P, Heffernan T, Toniatti C, Lee HS, Lee JS, Zuo X, Chang W, Yin J, Thompson TC. Androgen receptor inhibitor-induced "BRCAness" and PARP inhibition are synthetically lethal for castration-resistant prostate cancer. Sci Signal 2017; 10:eaam7479. [PMID: 28536297 PMCID: PMC5855082 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aam7479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cancers with loss-of-function mutations in BRCA1 or BRCA2 are deficient in the DNA damage repair pathway called homologous recombination (HR), rendering these cancers exquisitely vulnerable to poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors. This functional state and therapeutic sensitivity is referred to as "BRCAness" and is most commonly associated with some breast cancer types. Pharmaceutical induction of BRCAness could expand the use of PARP inhibitors to other tumor types. For example, BRCA mutations are present in only ~20% of prostate cancer patients. We found that castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) cells showed increased expression of a set of HR-associated genes, including BRCA1, RAD54L, and RMI2 Although androgen-targeted therapy is typically not effective in CRPC patients, the androgen receptor inhibitor enzalutamide suppressed the expression of those HR genes in CRPC cells, thus creating HR deficiency and BRCAness. A "lead-in" treatment strategy, in which enzalutamide was followed by the PARP inhibitor olaparib, promoted DNA damage-induced cell death and inhibited clonal proliferation of prostate cancer cells in culture and suppressed the growth of prostate cancer xenografts in mice. Thus, antiandrogen and PARP inhibitor combination therapy may be effective for CRPC patients and suggests that pharmaceutically inducing BRCAness may expand the clinical use of PARP inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Likun Li
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030-4009, USA
| | - Styliani Karanika
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030-4009, USA
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030-4009, USA
| | - Jiangxiang Wang
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030-4009, USA
| | - Sanghee Park
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030-4009, USA
| | - Bradley M Broom
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030-4009, USA
| | - Ganiraju C Manyam
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030-4009, USA
| | - Wenhui Wu
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030-4009, USA
| | - Yong Luo
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030-4009, USA
| | - Spyridon Basourakos
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030-4009, USA
| | - Jian H Song
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030-4009, USA
| | - Gary E Gallick
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030-4009, USA
| | - Theodoros Karantanos
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030-4009, USA
| | - Dimitrios Korentzelos
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030-4009, USA
| | - Abul Kalam Azad
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030-4009, USA
| | - Jeri Kim
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030-4009, USA
| | - Paul G Corn
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030-4009, USA
| | - Ana M Aparicio
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030-4009, USA
| | - Christopher J Logothetis
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030-4009, USA
| | - Patricia Troncoso
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030-4009, USA
| | - Timothy Heffernan
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030-4009, USA
| | - Carlo Toniatti
- ORBIT (Oncology Research for Biologics and Immunotherapy Translation), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030-4009, USA
| | - Hyun-Sung Lee
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030-4009, USA
| | - Ju-Seog Lee
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030-4009, USA
| | - Xuemei Zuo
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030-4009, USA
| | - Wenjun Chang
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030-4009, USA
| | - Jianhua Yin
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030-4009, USA
| | - Timothy C Thompson
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030-4009, USA.
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Matsuyama T, Yabe K, Kuwata C, Ito K, Ando Y, Iida H, Mori K. Transcriptional profile of ethylene glycol monomethyl ether-induced testicular toxicity in rats. Drug Chem Toxicol 2017; 41:105-112. [DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2017.1320406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Matsuyama
- Medicinal Safety Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi Yabe
- Daiichi Sankyo India Pharma Pvt. Ltd, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| | - Chiharu Kuwata
- Medicinal Safety Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazumi Ito
- Translational Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology Department, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yosuke Ando
- Medicinal Safety Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Iida
- Laboratory of Zoology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Mori
- Medicinal Safety Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
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Thompson TC, Li L. Connecting androgen receptor signaling and the DNA damage response: Development of new therapies for advanced prostate cancer. Mol Cell Oncol 2017; 4:e1321167. [PMID: 28819638 PMCID: PMC5540204 DOI: 10.1080/23723556.2017.1321167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Androgen receptor-mediated cell signaling involves complex molecular pathways that are interconnected with DNA damage response, including replication stress-driven DNA repair. Understanding the relationships between androgen receptor signaling and DNA damage response at the molecular level will likely lead to novel and effective combination therapy for advanced prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy C. Thompson
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Likun Li
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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46
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Li S, Cui Z, Meng X. Knockdown of PARP-1 Inhibits Proliferation and ERK Signals, Increasing Drug Sensitivity in Osteosarcoma U2OS Cells. Oncol Res 2017; 24:279-86. [PMID: 27656839 PMCID: PMC7838669 DOI: 10.3727/096504016x14666990347554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1) is reported to be involved in DNA repair and is now recognized as a key regulator in carcinogenesis. However, the potential role and the molecular mechanism underlying the effect of PARP-1 on osteosarcoma (OS) cells have not been elucidated. In this study, the results showed that knockdown of PARP-1 resulted in decreased cell proliferation, increased cell apoptosis, and G0/G1 phase arrest in U2OS cells. In addition, increased expression of active caspase 3 and Bax, but reduced Bcl-2, cyclin D1, and phosphorylated extracellular signal regulated kinase 1/2 (pERK1/2) were observed in PARP-1 knockdown in U2OS cells. Moreover, knockdown of PARP-1 correlated with elevated chemosensitivity of U2OS cells to cisplatin through inactivation of the ERK1/2 signaling pathway. In conclusion, our findings demonstrated that PARP-1 plays an important role in regulating OS growth, combining PARP-1 gene therapy with traditional chemotherapy, and may serve as a promising approach to OS therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, Dongying, Shandong, China
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47
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Todorova K, Metodiev MV, Metodieva G, Mincheff M, Fernández N, Hayrabedyan S. Micro-RNA-204 Participates in TMPRSS2/ERG Regulation and Androgen Receptor Reprogramming in Prostate Cancer. Discov Oncol 2017; 8:28-48. [PMID: 28050800 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-016-0279-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer progression is driven by genome instability incurred rearrangements such as transmembrane protease, serine 2 (TMPRSS2)/v-ets erythroblastosis virus E26 oncogene (ERG) that could possibly turn some of the tumor suppressor micro-RNAs into pro-oncogenic ones. Previously, we found dualistic miR-204 effects, acting either as a tumor suppressor or as an oncomiR in ERG fusion-dependent manner. Here, we provided further evidence for an important role of miR-204 for TMPRSS2/ERG and androgen receptor (AR) signaling modulation and fine tuning that prevents TMPRSS2/ERG overexpression in prostate cancer. Based on proximity-based ligation assay, we designed a novel method for detection of TMPRSS2/ERG protein products. We found that miR-204 is TMPRSS2/ERG oncofusion negative regulator, and this was mediated by DNA methylation of TMPRSS2 promoter. Transcriptional factors runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) and ETS proto-oncogene 1 (ETS1) were positive regulators of TMPRSS2/ERG expression and promoter hypo-methylation. Clustering of patients' sera for fusion protein, transcript expression, and wild-type ERG transcript isoforms, demonstrated not all patients harboring fusion transcripts had fusion protein products, and only few fusion positive ones exhibited increased wild-type ERG transcripts. miR-204 upregulated AR through direct promoter hypo-methylation, potentiated by the presence of ERG fusion and RUNX2 and ETS1. Proteomics studies provided evidence that miR-204 has dualistic role in AR cancer-related reprogramming, promoting prostate cancer-related androgen-responsive genes and AR target genes, as well as AR co-regulatory molecules. miR-204 methylation regulation was supported by changes in molecules responsible for chromatin remodeling, DNA methylation, and its regulation. In summary, miR-204 is a mild regulator of the AR function during the phase of preserved AR sensitivity as the latter one is required for ERG-fusion translocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krassimira Todorova
- Institute of Biology and Immunology of Reproduction "Acad. Kiril Bratanov", Laboratory of Reproductive OMICs Technologies, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 73 Tsarigradsko shosse blvd, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | | | | | - Milcho Mincheff
- Cellular and Gene Therapy Ward, National Specialized Hematology Hospital, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Nelson Fernández
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, UK
| | - Soren Hayrabedyan
- Institute of Biology and Immunology of Reproduction "Acad. Kiril Bratanov", Laboratory of Reproductive OMICs Technologies, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 73 Tsarigradsko shosse blvd, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria.
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48
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Basourakos SP, Li L, Aparicio AM, Corn PG, Kim J, Thompson TC. Combination Platinum-based and DNA Damage Response-targeting Cancer Therapy: Evolution and Future Directions. Curr Med Chem 2017; 24:1586-1606. [PMID: 27978798 PMCID: PMC5471128 DOI: 10.2174/0929867323666161214114948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Maintenance of genomic stability is a critical determinant of cell survival and is necessary for growth and progression of malignant cells. Interstrand crosslinking (ICL) agents, including platinum-based agents, are first-line chemotherapy treatment for many solid human cancers. In malignant cells, ICL triggers the DNA damage response (DDR). When the damage burden is high and lesions cannot be repaired, malignant cells are unable to divide and ultimately undergo cell death either through mitotic catastrophe or apoptosis. The activities of ICL agents, in particular platinum-based therapies, establish a "molecular landscape," i.e., a pattern of DNA damage that can potentially be further exploited therapeutically with DDR-targeting agents. If the molecular landscape created by platinum-based agents could be better defined at the molecular level, a systematic, mechanistic rationale(s) could be developed for the use of DDR-targeting therapies in combination/maintenance protocols for specific, clinically advanced malignancies. New therapeutic drugs such as poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors are examples of DDR-targeting therapies that could potentially increase the DNA damage and replication stress imposed by platinum-based agents in tumor cells and provide therapeutic benefit for patients with advanced malignancies. Recent studies have shown that the use of PARP inhibitors together with platinum-based agents is a promising therapy strategy for ovarian cancer patients with "BRCAness", i.e., a phenotypic characteristic of tumors that not only can involve loss-of-function mutations in either BRCA1 or BRCA2, but also encompasses the molecular features of BRCA-mutant tumors. On the basis of these promising results, additional mechanism-based studies focused on the use of various DDR-targeting therapies in combination with platinum-based agents should be considered. This review discusses, in general, (1) ICL agents, primarily platinum-based agents, that establish a molecular landscape that can be further exploited therapeutically; (2) multiple points of potential intervention after ICL agent-induced crosslinking that further predispose to cell death and can be incorporated into a systematic, therapeutic rationale for combination/ maintenance therapy using DDR-targeting agents; and (3) available agents that can be considered for use in combination/maintenance clinical protocols with platinum-based agents for patients with advanced malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spyridon P. Basourakos
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Likun Li
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ana M. Aparicio
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Paul G. Corn
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jeri Kim
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Timothy C. Thompson
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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Navone NM, Labanca E. Modeling Cancer Metastasis. PATIENT-DERIVED XENOGRAFT MODELS OF HUMAN CANCER 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-55825-7_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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50
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Wang Y, Fang R, Cui M, Zhang W, Bai X, Wang H, Liu B, Zhang X, Ye L. The oncoprotein HBXIP up-regulates YAP through activation of transcription factor c-Myb to promote growth of liver cancer. Cancer Lett 2016; 385:234-242. [PMID: 27765671 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The oncoprotein Yes-associated protein (YAP) in Hippo pathway plays crucial roles in the development of cancer. However, the mechanism of YAP regulation in cancer remains poorly understood. Here, we supposed that the oncoprotein hepatitis B X-interacting protein (HBXIP) might be involved in the modulation of YAP in liver cancer. Interestingly, our data showed that the expression levels of HBXIP were positively associated with those of YAP in clinical hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) samples by immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining and real-time PCR assays. HBXIP was able to up-regulate YAP in hepatoma cells at the levels of promoter, mRNA and protein. Mechanistically, we identified that HBXIP up-regulated YAP through co-activating the transcription factor c-Myb in hepatoma cells. Functionally, silencing YAP abolished the proliferation of hepatoma cells mediated by HBXIP in vitro. Moreover, knockdown of YAP strongly blocked the HBXIP-enhanced tumor growth in mice. Thus, we conclude that HBXIP up-regulates YAP expression via activating transcription factor c-Myb to facilitate the growth of hepatoma cells. Our finding provides new insights into the mechanism of YAP regulation. Therapeutically, the oncoprotein HBXIP and YAP might serve as targets in liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Runping Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Department of Cancer Research, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Huawei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Bowen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Department of Cancer Research, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lihong Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.
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