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Deng A, Wang S, Qin J, Yang P, Shen S, Zhou H, Chen X. ErbB4 processing is involved in OGD/R induced neuron injury. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2023; 32:107373. [PMID: 37734179 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2023.107373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our previous study found that ErbB4 gene expression was changed after oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R). However, the exact role and mechanism of ErbB4 in brain ischemia are largely unknown. In this study, we explored the protective effects of ErbB4 and its possible mechanism after OGD/R. METHODS Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury model was established in vitro and in vivo. Cell viability, apoptosis, and ROS production were measured by MTT, TUNEL, and fluorescent probe 2', 7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA). Infarct size was evaluated by TTC. We performed bioinformatics analyses to screen for novel key genes involved in ErbB4 changes. RNA-Seq was used to transcriptome analysis. RNA and protein expression were detected by quantitative RT‒PCR and western bloting. RESULTS The expression of 80-kDa ErbB4 decreased after cerebral I/R injury in vitro and in vivo. Co-expression network analysis revealed that ErbB4 expression was correlated with the changes in Adrb1, Adrb2, Ldlr, and Dab2. Quantitative RT‒PCR revealed that the mRNA expression levels of Adrb1, Adrb2, and Dab2 were upregulated, and that of Ldlr was decreased after OGD/R. Activation of ErbB4 expression by neuregulin 1 (NRG1) significantly promoted cell survival, attenuated hippocampal apoptosis, and decreased ROS production after OGD/R. Furthermore, the elimination of ErbB4 using a specific siRNA reversed these beneficial effects. CONCLUSION Our data revealed the neuroprotective effects of ErbB4 against OGD/R injury, and the action could be related to changes in the ErbB4 membrane-associated fragment and the expression of Adrb1, Adrb2, Ldlr, and Dab2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiqing Deng
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Shouyan Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianxin Qin
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Panpan Yang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaoze Shen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongzhi Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Chen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Qusairy Z, Gangloff A, Leung SOA. Dysregulation of Cholesterol Homeostasis in Ovarian Cancer. Curr Oncol 2023; 30:8386-8400. [PMID: 37754524 PMCID: PMC10527727 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol30090609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol plays an essential role in maintaining the rigidity of cell membranes and signal transduction. Various investigations confirmed empirically that the dysregulation of cholesterol homeostasis positively correlates with tumor progression. More specifically, recent studies suggested the distinct role of cholesterol in ovarian cancer cell proliferation, metastasis and chemoresistance. In this review, we summarize the current findings that suggest the contribution of cholesterol homeostasis dysregulation to ovarian cancer progression and resistance to anti-cancer agents. We also discuss the therapeutic implications of cholesterol-lowering drugs in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahraa Qusairy
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Anne Gangloff
- CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada;
- Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Shuk On Annie Leung
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
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3
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Yan J, Nie Y, Chen Z, Yao J, Zhang S, Chen Z. The IDI1/SREBP2 axis drives intrahepatic cholestasis and is a treatment target of San-Huang-Cai-Zhu formula identified by sequencing and experiments. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1093934. [PMID: 36843951 PMCID: PMC9944032 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1093934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
San-Huang-Chai-Zhu formula (SHCZF), originates from Da-Huang-Xiao-Shi decoction (DHXSD) for the treatment of jaundice as recorded in the Chinese traditional Chinese medicine book Jin Gui Yao Lue. In the clinic, SHCZF has been used to treat cholestasis-related liver disease by improving intrahepatic cholestasis, but the treatment mechanism has not been elucidated. In this study, 24 Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly assigned to the normal, acute intrahepatic cholestasis (AIC), SHCZF, and ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) groups. In addition, 36 SD rats were divided into dynamic groups, namely, normal 24 h, AIC 24 h, normal 48 h, AIC 48 h, normal 72 h, and AIC 72 h groups. Alpha-naphthylisothiocyanate (ANIT) was used to induce an AIC rat model. Serum biochemical indices and hepatic pathology were detected. Part of the hepatic tissues was used for sequencing, and others were used for subsequent experiments. Sequencing data combined with bioinformatics analysis were used to screen target genes and identify the mechanisms of SHCZF in treating AIC rats. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting (WB) were used to detect the RNA/Protein expression levels of screened genes. Rats in the dynamic group were used to determine the sequence of cholestasis and liver injury. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to determine the representative bioingredients of SHCZF. Sequencing and bioinformatics analysis suggested that IDI1 and SREBP2 are hub target genes of SHCZF to ameliorate ANTI-induced intrahepatic cholestasis in rats. The treatment mechanism is associated with the regulation of lipoprotein receptor (LDLr) to reduce cholesterol intake and 3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGCR), and 3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl-CoA synthase 1 (HMGCS1) to decrease cholesterol synthesis. Animal experiments showed that SHCZF significantly reduced the expression levels of the above genes and proinflammatory cytokine lipocalin 2 (LCN2), inflammatory cytokines interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), thereby improving intrahepatic cholestasis and inflammation and liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junbin Yan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China,The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, The Xin Hua Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yunmeng Nie
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zheng Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China,Key Laboratory of Integrative Chinese and Western Medicine for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Circulatory Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiaming Yao
- Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, The Xin Hua Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Shuo Zhang, ; Zhiyun Chen,
| | - Zhiyun Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China,Key Laboratory of Integrative Chinese and Western Medicine for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Circulatory Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Shuo Zhang, ; Zhiyun Chen,
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4
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Feng X, Cai Z, Gu Y, Mu T, Yu B, Ma R, Liu J, Wang C, Zhang J. Excavation and characterization of key circRNAs for milk fat percentage in Holstein cattle. J Anim Sci 2023; 101:skad157. [PMID: 37209411 PMCID: PMC10290504 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skad157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Milk fat percentage is one of the significant indicators governing the price and quality of milk and is regulated by a variety of non-coding RNAs. We used RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) techniques and bioinformatics approaches to explore potential candidate circular RNAs (circRNAs) regulating milk fat metabolism. After analysis, compared with low milk fat percentage (LMF) cows, 309 circRNAs were significantly differentially expressed in high milk fat percentage (HMF) cows. Functional enrichment and pathway analysis revealed that the main functions of the parental genes of differentially expressed circRNAs (DE-circRNAs) were related to lipid metabolism. We selected four circRNAs (Novel_circ_0000856, Novel_circ_0011157, novel_circ_0011944, and Novel_circ_0018279) derived from parental genes related to lipid metabolism as key candidate DE-circRNAs. Their head-to-tail splicing was demonstrated by linear RNase R digestion experiments and Sanger sequencing. However, the tissue expression profiles showed that only Novel_circ_0000856, Novel_circ_0011157, and Novel_circ_0011944 were expressed with high abundance in breast tissue. Based on the subcellular localization found that Novel_circ_0000856, Novel_circ_0011157, and Novel_circ_0011944 mainly function as competitive endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) in the cytoplasm. Therefore, we constructed their ceRNA regulatory networks, and the five hub target genes (CSF1, TET2, VDR, CD34, and MECP2) in ceRNAs were obtained by CytoHubba and MCODE plugins in Cytoscape, as well as tissue expression profiles analysis of target genes. These genes play a key role as important target genes in lipid metabolism, energy metabolism, and cellular autophagy. The Novel_circ_0000856, Novel_circ_0011157, and Novel_circ_0011944 regulate the expression of hub target genes through interaction with miRNAs and constitute key regulatory networks that may be involved in milk fat metabolism. The circRNAs obtained in this study may act as miRNA sponges and thus influence mammary gland development and lipid metabolism in cows, which improves our understanding of the role of circRNAs in cow lactation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Feng
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular and Cellular Breeding, School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Zhengyun Cai
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular and Cellular Breeding, School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Yaling Gu
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular and Cellular Breeding, School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Tong Mu
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular and Cellular Breeding, School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Baojun Yu
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular and Cellular Breeding, School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Ruoshuang Ma
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular and Cellular Breeding, School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Jiaming Liu
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular and Cellular Breeding, School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Chuanchuan Wang
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular and Cellular Breeding, School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular and Cellular Breeding, School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
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5
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Ediriweera MK. Use of cholesterol metabolism for anti-cancer strategies. Drug Discov Today 2022; 27:103347. [PMID: 36087905 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2022.103347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Irregularities in cholesterol metabolism occur in a range of human cancers. Cholesterol precursors and derivatives support tumorigenesis and weaken immune responses. Intriguing preclinical and clinical findings demonstrate that cholesterol biosynthesis inhibition achieved by targeting major events and metabolites in cholesterol metabolism is an ideal anti-tumor strategy. Investigations addressing the effects of β-hydroxy β-methylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase (HMGCR), 2,3-oxidosqualene cyclase (OSC), squalene synthase (SQS), liver X receptors (LXR), and cholesterol trafficking and esterification inhibition on cancer progression have shown encouraging results. Notably, manipulation of cholesterol metabolism strengthens the function of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME). In this review, I discuss the role of cholesterol metabolism in cancer progression and the latest research related to cholesterol metabolism-based anti-cancer therapies and intend to bring this stylish biochemistry topic to the Sri Lankan research landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meran Keshawa Ediriweera
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo 08, Sri Lanka.
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6
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Design, synthesis and neurite outgrowth activity of novel ganglioside GM1 derivatives by remodeling of the fatty acid moiety. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 241:114636. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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7
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Inflammation Induced by Lipopolysaccharide and Palmitic Acid Increases Cholesterol Accumulation via Enhancing Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88 Expression in HepG2 Cells. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15070813. [PMID: 35890112 PMCID: PMC9322353 DOI: 10.3390/ph15070813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, multiple studies have shown that chronic inflammation disturbs cholesterol homeostasis and promotes its accumulation in the liver. The underlying molecular mechanism remains to be revealed. The relationship between the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) inflammatory signaling pathway and cholesterol accumulation was investigated in HepG2 cells treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or palmitic acid (PA) for different lengths of time. In addition, the effects of pretreatment with 20μmol/L ST2825 (MyD88 inhibitor) were also studied in LPS- or PA-treated HepG2 cells and myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88)-overexpressing HEK293T cells. The intracellular total and free cholesterol levels were measured using a commercial kit and filipin staining, respectively. The expression levels of sterol regulatory element-binding protein-2 (SREBP-2) and components in the TLR4 signaling pathway were determined using Western blotting. The treatments with LPS for 12 h and with PA for 24 h significantly increased the contents of intracellular total and free cholesterol, as well as the expression levels of SREBP-2 and components in the TLR4 signaling pathway. The inhibition of MyD88 by ST2825 significantly decreased the cholesterol content and the expression levels of SREBP-2 and components of the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway in HepG2 cells, as well as MyD88-overexpressing HEK293T cells. These results indicated that LPS and PA treatments increase SREBP-2-mediated cholesterol accumulation via the activation of the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway in HepG2 cells.
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8
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Regulation of low-density lipoprotein receptor expression in triple negative breast cancer by EGFR-MAPK signaling. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17927. [PMID: 34504181 PMCID: PMC8429745 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97327-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression of the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) has been shown to play a critical role in hypercholesterolemia-associated breast cancer growth and is associated with shorter recurrence-free survival in human breast cancer studies. We sought to identify how circulating LDL cholesterol and tumor LDLR might accelerate oncogenic processes by determining whether increased LDLR expression and cholesterol uptake are associated with the activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling pathway in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell lines. EGF stimulation of MDA-MB-468 (MDA468) cells activated p44/42MAPK (MAPK), increased expression of LDLR, and fluorescent LDL cholesterol uptake. However, stimulation of MDA-MB-231 (MDA231) cells with EGF did not lead to increased expression of LDLR despite inducing phosphorylation of EGFR. Inhibition of MAPK using UO126 in MDA231 cells reduced LDLR expression, and in MDA468 cells, UO126 impaired the LDLR increase in response to EGF. MDA468 cells exposed to the transcription inhibitor, Actinomycin, prior to treatment with EGF showed reduced degradation of LDLR mRNA compared to vehicle-treated cells. Our results suggest that the EGF-associated increase in LDLR protein expression is cell line-specific. The common pathway regulating LDLR expression was MAPK in both TNBC cell lines.
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9
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Kim DH, Triet HM, Ryu SH. Regulation of EGFR activation and signaling by lipids on the plasma membrane. Prog Lipid Res 2021; 83:101115. [PMID: 34242725 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2021.101115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Lipids on the plasma membrane are not only components of the membrane biophysical structures but also regulators of receptor functions. Recently, the critical roles of lipid-protein interactions have been intensively highlighted. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is one of the most extensively studied receptors exhibiting various lipid interactions, including interactions with phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylinositol phosphate, cholesterol, gangliosides, and palmitate. Here, we review recent findings on how direct interaction with these lipids regulates EGFR activation and signaling, providing unprecedented insight into the comprehensive roles of various lipids in the control of EGFR functions. Finally, the current limitations in investigating lipid-protein interactions and novel technologies to potentially overcome these limitations are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do-Hyeon Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Minh Triet
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Ho Ryu
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea.
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10
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Frank AC, Raue R, Fuhrmann DC, Sirait-Fischer E, Reuse C, Weigert A, Lütjohann D, Hiller K, Syed SN, Brüne B. Lactate dehydrogenase B regulates macrophage metabolism in the tumor microenvironment. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:7570-7588. [PMID: 34158867 PMCID: PMC8210612 DOI: 10.7150/thno.58380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Glucose metabolism in the tumor-microenvironment is a fundamental hallmark for tumor growth and intervention therein remains an attractive option for anti-tumor therapy. Whether tumor-derived factors such as microRNAs (miRs) regulate glucose metabolism in stromal cells, especially in tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), to hijack them for trophic support, remains elusive. Methods: Ago-RIP-Seq identified macrophage lactate dehydrogenase B (LDHB) as a target of tumor-derived miR-375 in both 2D/3D cocultures and in murine TAMs from a xenograft mouse model. The prognostic value was analyzed by ISH and multiplex IHC of breast cancer patient tissues. Functional consequences of the miR-375-LDHB axis in TAMs were investigated upon mimic/antagomir treatment by live metabolic flux assays, GC/MS, qPCR, Western blot, lentiviral knockdown and FACS. The therapeutic potential of a combinatorial miR-375-decoy/simvastatin treatment was validated by live cell imaging. Results: Macrophage LDHB decreased in murine and human breast carcinoma. LDHB downregulation increase aerobic glycolysis and lactagenesis in TAMs in response to tumor-derived miR-375. Lactagenesis reduced fatty acid synthesis but activated SREBP2, which enhanced cholesterol biosynthesis in macrophages. LDHB downregulation skewed TAMs to function as a lactate and sterol/oxysterol source for the proliferation of tumor cells. Restoring of LDHB expression potentiated inhibitory effects of simvastatin on tumor cell proliferation. Conclusion: Our findings identified a crucial role of LDHB in macrophages and established tumor-derived miR-375 as a novel regulator of macrophage metabolism in breast cancer, which might pave the way for strategies of combinatorial cancer cell/stroma cell interventions.
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Giacomini I, Gianfanti F, Desbats MA, Orso G, Berretta M, Prayer-Galetti T, Ragazzi E, Cocetta V. Cholesterol Metabolic Reprogramming in Cancer and Its Pharmacological Modulation as Therapeutic Strategy. Front Oncol 2021; 11:682911. [PMID: 34109128 PMCID: PMC8181394 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.682911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol is a ubiquitous sterol with many biological functions, which are crucial for proper cellular signaling and physiology. Indeed, cholesterol is essential in maintaining membrane physical properties, while its metabolism is involved in bile acid production and steroid hormone biosynthesis. Additionally, isoprenoids metabolites of the mevalonate pathway support protein-prenylation and dolichol, ubiquinone and the heme a biosynthesis. Cancer cells rely on cholesterol to satisfy their increased nutrient demands and to support their uncontrolled growth, thus promoting tumor development and progression. Indeed, transformed cells reprogram cholesterol metabolism either by increasing its uptake and de novo biosynthesis, or deregulating the efflux. Alternatively, tumor can efficiently accumulate cholesterol into lipid droplets and deeply modify the activity of key cholesterol homeostasis regulators. In light of these considerations, altered pathways of cholesterol metabolism might represent intriguing pharmacological targets for the development of exploitable strategies in the context of cancer therapy. Thus, this work aims to discuss the emerging evidence of in vitro and in vivo studies, as well as clinical trials, on the role of cholesterol pathways in the treatment of cancer, starting from already available cholesterol-lowering drugs (statins or fibrates), and moving towards novel potential pharmacological inhibitors or selective target modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Giacomini
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Federico Gianfanti
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, VIMM, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Genny Orso
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Berretta
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Tommaso Prayer-Galetti
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology - Urology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Eugenio Ragazzi
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Veronica Cocetta
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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12
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Cooperation and Interplay between EGFR Signalling and Extracellular Vesicle Biogenesis in Cancer. Cells 2020; 9:cells9122639. [PMID: 33302515 PMCID: PMC7764760 DOI: 10.3390/cells9122639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) takes centre stage in carcinogenesis throughout its entire cellular trafficking odyssey. When loaded in extracellular vesicles (EVs), EGFR is one of the key proteins involved in the transfer of information between parental cancer and bystander cells in the tumour microenvironment. To hijack EVs, EGFR needs to play multiple signalling roles in the life cycle of EVs. The receptor is involved in the biogenesis of specific EV subpopulations, it signals as an active cargo, and it can influence the uptake of EVs by recipient cells. EGFR regulates its own inclusion in EVs through feedback loops during disease progression and in response to challenges such as hypoxia, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and drugs. Here, we highlight how the spatiotemporal rules that regulate EGFR intracellular function intersect with and influence different EV biogenesis pathways and discuss key regulatory features and interactions of this interplay. We also elaborate on outstanding questions relating to EGFR-driven EV biogenesis and available methods to explore them. This mechanistic understanding will be key to unravelling the functional consequences of direct anti-EGFR targeted and indirect EGFR-impacting cancer therapies on the secretion of pro-tumoural EVs and on their effects on drug resistance and microenvironment subversion.
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13
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Xue L, Qi H, Zhang H, Ding L, Huang Q, Zhao D, Wu BJ, Li X. Targeting SREBP-2-Regulated Mevalonate Metabolism for Cancer Therapy. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1510. [PMID: 32974183 PMCID: PMC7472741 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, targeting metabolic reprogramming has emerged as a potential therapeutic approach for fighting cancer. Sterol regulatory element binding protein-2 (SREBP-2), a basic helix-loop-helix leucine zipper transcription factor, mainly regulates genes involved in cholesterol biosynthesis and homeostasis. SREBP-2 binds to the sterol regulatory elements (SREs) in the promoters of its target genes and activates the transcription of mevalonate pathway genes, such as HMG-CoA reductase (HMGCR), mevalonate kinase and other key enzymes. In this review, we first summarized the structure of SREBP-2 and its activation and regulation by multiple signaling pathways. We then found that SREBP-2 and its regulated enzymes, including HMGCR, FPPS, SQS, and DHCR4 from the mevalonate pathway, participate in the progression of various cancers, including prostate, breast, lung, and hepatocellular cancer, as potential targets. Importantly, preclinical and clinical research demonstrated that fatostatin, statins, and N-BPs targeting SREBP-2, HMGCR, and FPPS, respectively, alone or in combination with other drugs, have been used for the treatment of different cancers. This review summarizes new insights into the critical role of the SREBP-2-regulated mevalonate pathway for cancer and its potential for targeted cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linyuan Xue
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Hongyu Qi
- Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - He Zhang
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Lu Ding
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Qingxia Huang
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China.,Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Daqing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Boyang Jason Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, United States
| | - Xiangyan Li
- Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
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14
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Transcriptome Profiling Reveals Novel Candidate Genes Related to Hippocampal Dysfunction in SREBP-1c Knockout Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21114131. [PMID: 32531902 PMCID: PMC7313053 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21114131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid homeostasis is an important component of brain function, and its disturbance causes several neurological disorders, such as Huntington's, Alzheimer's, and Parkinson's diseases as well as mood disorders. Sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) is a key modulatory molecule involved in lipid homeostasis in the central nervous system. However, little is known about the biological effects of SREBP-1c in the brain. Our previous study uncovered that mice deficient in SREBP-1c exhibit schizophrenia-like behaviors. To investigate whether there are novel molecular mechanisms involved in the neurological aberrations caused by SREBP-1c deficiency, we analyzed the transcriptomes of the hippocampus of SREBP-1c knockout (KO) mice and wild-type mice. We found seven differentially expressed genes (three up-regulated and four down-regulated genes) in the hippocampus of SREBP-1c KO mice. For further verification, we selected the three most significantly changed genes: glucagon-like peptide 2 receptors (GLP2R) involved in hippocampal neurogenesis and neuroplasticity as well as in cognitive impairments; necdin (NDN) which is related to neuronal death and neurodevelopmental disorders; and Erb-B2 receptor tyrosine kinase 4 (ERBB4) which is a receptor for schizophrenia-linked protein, neuregulin-1. The protein levels of GLP2R and NDN were considerably decreased, but the level of ERBB4 was significantly increased in the hippocampus of SREBP-1c KO mice. However, further confirmation is warranted to establish the translatability of these findings from this rodent model into human patients. We suggest that these data provide novel molecular evidence for the modulatory role of SREBP-1c in the mouse hippocampus.
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15
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Deng W, Liu H, Luo S, Clarke J, Glass C, Su L, Lin L, Christiani DC, Wei Q. APOB Genotypes and CDH13 Haplotypes in the Cholesterol-Related Pathway Genes Predict Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Survival. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020; 29:1204-1213. [PMID: 32238407 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-19-1262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several oncogenic signals are involved in the synthesis, metabolism, transportation, and modulation of cholesterol. However, the roles of genetic variants of the cholesterol pathway genes in cancer survival remain unclear. METHODS We investigated associations between 26,781 common SNPs in 209 genes of the cholesterol pathway and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) survival by utilizing genotyping data from two published genome-wide association studies. We used multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression and expression quantitative trait loci analyses to identify survival-associated SNPs and their correlations with the corresponding mRNA expression, respectively. We also used the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and bioinformatics functional prediction to further evaluate the identified independent SNPs. RESULTS We found five independent SNPs (APOB rs1801701C>T; CDH13 rs35859010 C>T, rs1833970 T>A, rs254315 T>C, and rs425904 T>C) to be significantly associated with NSCLC survival in both discovery and replication datasets. When the unfavorable genotype (APOB rs1801701CC) and haplotypes (CDH13 rs35859010-rs1833970-rs254315-rs425904 C-A-T-C and T-T-T-T) were combined into a genetic score as the number of unfavorable genotypes/haplotypes (NUGH) in the multivariate analysis, an increased NUGH was associated with worse survival (P trend < 0.0001). In addition, both APOB rs1801701T<C and CDH13 rs425904C<T were correlated with mRNA expression of the genes in normal lung tissues from the genotype-tissue expression project. CONCLUSIONS Genetic variants of APOB and CDH13 in the cholesterol pathway were associated with NSCLC survival, possibly by affecting their gene expression. IMPACT Genetic variants of APOB and CDH13 in the cholesterol pathway may provide new scientific insights into NSCLC prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Deng
- Department of Experimental Research, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Hongliang Liu
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Sheng Luo
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Jeffrey Clarke
- Department of Experimental Research, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Carolyn Glass
- Department of Experimental Research, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Li Su
- Departments of Environmental Health and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lijuan Lin
- Departments of Environmental Health and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David C Christiani
- Departments of Environmental Health and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Qingyi Wei
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
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16
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Lipoprotein Drug Delivery Vehicles for Cancer: Rationale and Reason. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20246327. [PMID: 31847457 PMCID: PMC6940806 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipoproteins are a family of naturally occurring macromolecular complexes consisting amphiphilic apoproteins, phospholipids, and neutral lipids. The physiological role of mammalian plasma lipoproteins is to transport their apolar cargo (primarily cholesterol and triglyceride) to their respective destinations through a highly organized ligand-receptor recognition system. Current day synthetic nanoparticle delivery systems attempt to accomplish this task; however, many only manage to achieve limited results. In recent years, many research labs have employed the use of lipoprotein or lipoprotein-like carriers to transport imaging agents or drugs to tumors. The purpose of this review is to highlight the pharmacologic, clinical, and molecular evidence for utilizing lipoprotein-based formulations and discuss their scientific rationale. To accomplish this task, evidence of dynamic drug interactions with circulating plasma lipoproteins are presented. This is followed by epidemiologic and molecular data describing the association between cholesterol and cancer.
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17
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Yun UJ, Lee JH, Shim J, Yoon K, Goh SH, Yi EH, Ye SK, Lee JS, Lee H, Park J, Lee IH, Kim YN. Anti-cancer effect of doxorubicin is mediated by downregulation of HMG-Co A reductase via inhibition of EGFR/Src pathway. J Transl Med 2019; 99:1157-1172. [PMID: 30700846 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-019-0193-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin is a widely used DNA damage-inducing anti-cancer drug. However, its use is limited by its dose-dependent side effects, such as cardiac toxicity. Cholesterol-lowering statin drugs increase the efficacy of some anti-cancer drugs. Cholesterol is important for cell growth and a critical component of lipid rafts, which are plasma membrane microdomains important for cell signaling. 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase (HMG-CR) is a critical enzyme in cholesterol synthesis. Here, we show that doxorubicin downregulated HMG-CR protein levels and thus reduced levels of cholesterol and lipid rafts. Cholesterol addition attenuated doxorubicin-induced cell death, and cholesterol depletion enhanced it. Reduction of HMG-CR activity by simvastatin, a statin that acts as an HMG-CR inhibitor, or by siRNA-mediated HMG-CR knockdown enhanced doxorubicin cytotoxicity. Doxorubicin-induced HMG-CR downregulation was associated with inactivation of the EGFR-Src pathway. Furthermore, a high-cholesterol-diet attenuated the anti-cancer activity of doxorubicin in a tumor xenograft mouse model. In a multivulva model of Caenorhabditis elegans expressing an active-EGFR mutant, doxorubicin decreased hyperplasia more efficiently in the absence than in the presence of cholesterol. These data indicate that EGFR/Src/HMG-CR is a new pathway mediating doxorubicin-induced cell death and that cholesterol control could be combined with doxorubicin treatment to enhance efficacy and thus reduce side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Un-Jung Yun
- Comparative Biomedicine Research Branch, Division of Translational Science, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Ji-Hye Lee
- Comparative Biomedicine Research Branch, Division of Translational Science, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Jaegal Shim
- Comparative Biomedicine Research Branch, Division of Translational Science, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Kyungsil Yoon
- Comparative Biomedicine Research Branch, Division of Translational Science, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Sung-Ho Goh
- Therapeutic Target Discovery Branch, Division of Precision Medicine, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Eun Hee Yi
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-Kyu Ye
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Seon Lee
- Department of Molecular medicine, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Hyunji Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Medical Science, Metabolic Syndrome and Cell Signaling Laboratory, Institute for Cancer Research, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jongsun Park
- Department of Pharmacology and Medical Science, Metabolic Syndrome and Cell Signaling Laboratory, Institute for Cancer Research, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - In Hye Lee
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Yong-Nyun Kim
- Comparative Biomedicine Research Branch, Division of Translational Science, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea.
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18
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Alcohol Induces More Severe Fatty Liver Disease by Influencing Cholesterol Metabolism. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:7095684. [PMID: 30891077 PMCID: PMC6390266 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7095684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Objectives. Fatty liver disease (FLD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Dietary cholesterol and alcohol consumption are important risk factors for the progression of FLD, but whether and how alcohol induces more severe FLD with cholesterol ingestion remain unclear. Herein, we mainly used the Lieber-DeCarli diet to establish the FLD mouse model to investigate the synergistic effects of alcohol and cholesterol metabolism on liver damage. The indices of aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), and total cholesterol (TC) levels, inflammation foci, and pathogenesis by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Oil Red O staining revealed that alcohol induces more severe liver damage by influencing cholesterol metabolism, which might be primarily related to the influence of cholesterol absorption, synthesis, and excretion on the liver or small intestine. Moreover, inhibition of absorption of intestinal cholesterol, but not of fat, sucrose, and alcohol, absorption into the body's metabolism by Ezetimibe, significantly improved FLD in rats fed with the high fat-cholesterol-sucrose and alcohol diet. These results showed that alcohol plays an important role in cholesterol metabolism in FLD.
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19
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Comas F, Martínez C, Sabater M, Ortega F, Latorre J, Díaz-Sáez F, Aragonés J, Camps M, Gumà A, Ricart W, Fernández-Real JM, Moreno-Navarrete JM. Neuregulin 4 Is a Novel Marker of Beige Adipocyte Precursor Cells in Human Adipose Tissue. Front Physiol 2019; 10:39. [PMID: 30766490 PMCID: PMC6365457 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Nrg4 expression has been linked to brown adipose tissue activity and browning of white adipocytes in mice. Here, we aimed to investigate whether these observations could be translated to humans by investigating NRG4 mRNA and markers of brown/beige adipocytes in human visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT). We also studied the possible association of NRG4 with insulin action. Methods: SAT and VAT NRG4 and markers of brown/beige (UCP1, UCP3, and TMEM26)-related gene expression were analyzed in two independent cohorts (n = 331 and n = 59). Insulin resistance/sensitivity was measured using HOMAIR and glucose infusion rate during euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp. Results: In both cohort 1 and cohort 2, NRG4 and thermogenic/beige-related gene expression were significantly increased in VAT compared to SAT. Adipogenic-related genes followed an opposite pattern. In cohort 1, VAT NRG4 gene expression was positively correlated with BMI and expression of UCP1, UCP3, TMEM26, and negatively with adipogenic (FASN, PPARG, and SLC2A4)- and inflammatory (IL6 and IL8)-related genes. In SAT, NRG4 gene expression was negatively correlated with HOMAIR and positively with UCP1 and TMEM26 gene expression. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that expression of TMEM26 gene was the best predictor of NRG4 gene expression in both VAT and SAT. Specifically, NRG4 and TMEM26 gene expression was significantly increased in VAT, but not in SAT stromal vascular fraction cells (p < 0.001). In cohort 2, the significant association between NRG4 and TMEM26 gene expression in both VAT and SAT was confirmed, and SAT NRG4 gene expression also was positively correlated with insulin action and the expression of UCP1. Conclusion: Current findings suggest NRG4 gene expression as a novel marker of beige adipocytes in human adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferran Comas
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona, Girona, Spain.,CIBEROBN (CB06/03/010), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Martínez
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Mònica Sabater
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona, Girona, Spain.,CIBEROBN (CB06/03/010), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Ortega
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona, Girona, Spain.,CIBEROBN (CB06/03/010), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jessica Latorre
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona, Girona, Spain.,CIBEROBN (CB06/03/010), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Díaz-Sáez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julian Aragonés
- Research Unit, Hospital of Santa Cristina, Research Institute Princesa, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Camps
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Anna Gumà
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Wifredo Ricart
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona, Girona, Spain.,CIBEROBN (CB06/03/010), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Medicine, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - José Manuel Fernández-Real
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona, Girona, Spain.,CIBEROBN (CB06/03/010), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Medicine, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - José María Moreno-Navarrete
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona, Girona, Spain.,CIBEROBN (CB06/03/010), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Medicine, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
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20
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Cheng X, Li J, Guo D. SCAP/SREBPs are Central Players in Lipid Metabolism and Novel Metabolic Targets in Cancer Therapy. Curr Top Med Chem 2018; 18:484-493. [PMID: 29788888 DOI: 10.2174/1568026618666180523104541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 12/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Lipid metabolism reprogramming emerges as a new hallmark of malignancies. Sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs), which are central players in lipid metabolism, are endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-bound transcription factors that control the expression of genes important for lipid synthesis and uptake. Their transcriptional activation requires binding to SREBP cleavageactivating protein (SCAP) to translocate their inactive precursors from the ER to the Golgi to undergo cleavage and subsequent nucleus translocation of their NH2-terminal forms. Recent studies have revealed that SREBPs are markedly upregulated in human cancers, providing the mechanistic link between lipid metabolism alterations and malignancies. Pharmacological or genetic inhibition of SCAP or SREBPs significantly suppresses tumor growth in various cancer models, demonstrating that SCAP/SREBPs could serve as promising metabolic targets for cancer therapy. In this review, we will summarize recent progress in our understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms regulating SCAP/SREBPs and lipid metabolism in malignancies, discuss new findings about SREBP trafficking, which requires SCAP N-glycosylation, and introduce a newly identified microRNA-29-mediated negative feedback regulation of the SCAP/SREBP pathway. Moreover, we will review recently developed inhibitors targeting the SCAP/SREBP pathway for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Cheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University James Comprehensive Cancer Center and College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - Jianying Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University James Comprehensive Cancer Center and College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - Deliang Guo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University James Comprehensive Cancer Center and College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
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21
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Calvert AE, Chalastanis A, Wu Y, Hurley LA, Kouri FM, Bi Y, Kachman M, May JL, Bartom E, Hua Y, Mishra RK, Schiltz GE, Dubrovskyi O, Mazar AP, Peter ME, Zheng H, James CD, Burant CF, Chandel NS, Davuluri RV, Horbinski C, Stegh AH. Cancer-Associated IDH1 Promotes Growth and Resistance to Targeted Therapies in the Absence of Mutation. Cell Rep 2018; 19:1858-1873. [PMID: 28564604 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncogenic mutations in two isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-encoding genes (IDH1 and IDH2) have been identified in acute myelogenous leukemia, low-grade glioma, and secondary glioblastoma (GBM). Our in silico and wet-bench analyses indicate that non-mutated IDH1 mRNA and protein are commonly overexpressed in primary GBMs. We show that genetic and pharmacologic inactivation of IDH1 decreases GBM cell growth, promotes a more differentiated tumor cell state, increases apoptosis in response to targeted therapies, and prolongs the survival of animal subjects bearing patient-derived xenografts (PDXs). On a molecular level, diminished IDH1 activity results in reduced α-ketoglutarate (αKG) and NADPH production, paralleled by deficient carbon flux from glucose or acetate into lipids, exhaustion of reduced glutathione, increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and enhanced histone methylation and differentiation marker expression. These findings suggest that IDH1 upregulation represents a common metabolic adaptation by GBMs to support macromolecular synthesis, aggressive growth, and therapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea E Calvert
- Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, The Northwestern Brain Tumor Institute, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Alexandra Chalastanis
- Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, The Northwestern Brain Tumor Institute, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Yongfei Wu
- Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, The Northwestern Brain Tumor Institute, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Lisa A Hurley
- Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, The Northwestern Brain Tumor Institute, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Fotini M Kouri
- Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, The Northwestern Brain Tumor Institute, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Yingtao Bi
- Division of Health and Biomedical Informatics, Department of Preventive Medicine, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Maureen Kachman
- Michigan Regional Comprehensive Metabolomics Resource Core, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Jasmine L May
- Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, The Northwestern Brain Tumor Institute, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Elizabeth Bartom
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Youjia Hua
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Rama K Mishra
- Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Gary E Schiltz
- Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Oleksii Dubrovskyi
- Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Andrew P Mazar
- Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Marcus E Peter
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Hongwu Zheng
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratories, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - C David James
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Charles F Burant
- Michigan Regional Comprehensive Metabolomics Resource Core, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Navdeep S Chandel
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60615, USA
| | - Ramana V Davuluri
- Division of Health and Biomedical Informatics, Department of Preventive Medicine, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Craig Horbinski
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60615, USA
| | - Alexander H Stegh
- Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, The Northwestern Brain Tumor Institute, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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22
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Li Y, Wu S. Epigallocatechin gallate suppresses hepatic cholesterol synthesis by targeting SREBP-2 through SIRT1/FOXO1 signaling pathway. Mol Cell Biochem 2018; 448:175-185. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-018-3324-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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23
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Liu H, Wang W, Zhang C, Xu C, Duan H, Tian X, Zhang D. Heritability and Genome-Wide Association Study of Plasma Cholesterol in Chinese Adult Twins. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:677. [PMID: 30498476 PMCID: PMC6249314 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Dyslipidemia represents a strong and independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Plasma cholesterol, such as total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), is the common indicator of diagnosing dyslipidemia. Here based on 382 Chinese twin pairs, we explored the magnitude of genetic impact on TC, HDL-C, LDL-C variation and further searched for genetic susceptibility loci for them using genome-wide association study (GWAS). The ACE model was the best fit model with additive genetic parameter (A) accounting for 26.6%, common or shared environmental parameter (C) accounting for 47.8%, unique/non-shared environmental parameter (E) accounting for 25.6% for the variance in HDL-C. The AE model was the best fit model for TC (A: 61.4%; E: 38.6%) and LDL-C (A: 65.5%; E: 34.5%). While no SNPs reached the genome-wide significance level (P < 5 × 10-8), 8, 14, 9 SNPs exceeded the suggestive significance level (P < 1 × 10-5) for TC, HDL-C, LDL-C, respectively. The promising genetic regions for TC, HDL-C, LDL-C were on chromosome 11 around rs7107698, chromosome 5 around rs12518218, chromosome 2 around rs10490120, respectively. Gene-based analysis found 1038, 1033 and 1090 genes nominally associated with TC, HDL-C, LDL-C (P < 0.05), especially FAF1, KLKB1 for TC, KLKB1 for HDL-C, and NTRK1, FAF1, SNTB2 for LDL-C, respectively. The number of common related genes among TC, HDL-C and LDL-C was 71, including FAF1, KLKB1, etc. Pathway enrichment analysis discovered known related pathways-zinc transporters, metal ion SLC transporters for TC, cell adhesion molecules CAMs, IL-6 signaling for HDL, FC epsilon RI signaling pathway, NFAT pathway for LDL, respectively. In conclusion, the TC and LDL-C level is moderately heritable and the HDL-C level is lowly heritable in Chinese population. The genomic loci, functional genes and pathways are identified to account for the heritability of plasma cholesterol level. Our findings provide important insights into plasma cholesterol molecular physiology and expect future research to replicate and validate our results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Public Health College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Weijing Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Public Health College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Caixia Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Public Health College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chunsheng Xu
- Qingdao Municipal Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao, China
| | - Haiping Duan
- Qingdao Municipal Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaocao Tian
- Qingdao Municipal Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao, China
| | - Dongfeng Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Public Health College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Dongfeng Zhang
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Implication of STARD5 and cholesterol homeostasis disturbance in the endoplasmic reticulum stress-related response induced by pro-apoptotic aminosteroid RM-133. Pharmacol Res 2017; 128:52-60. [PMID: 29287690 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The aminosteroid derivative RM-133 is an effective anticancer molecule for which proof of concept has been achieved in several mouse xenograph models (HL-60, MCF-7, PANC-1 and OVCAR-3). To promote this new family of molecules toward a clinical phase 1 trial, the mechanism of action governing the anticancer properties of the representative candidate RM-133 needs to be characterized. In vitro experiments were first used to determine that RM-133 causes apoptosis in cancer cells. Then, using proteomic and transcriptomic experiments, RM-133 cytotoxicity was proven to be achieved via the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-related apoptosis, which characterizes RM-133 as an endoplasmic reticulum stress aggravator (ERSA) anticancer drug. Furthermore, an shRNA-genome-wide screening has permitted to identify the steroidogenic acute regulator-related lipid transfer protein 5 (STARD5) as a major player in the RM-133 ER-related apoptosis mechanism, which was validated by an in vitro binding experiment. Altogether, the results presented herein suggest that RM-133 provokes a disturbance of cholesterol homeostasis via the implication of STARD5, which delivers an ERSA molecule to the ER. These results will be a springboard for RM-133 in its path toward clinical use.
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Abstract
Cellular lipid metabolism and homeostasis are controlled by sterol regulatory-element binding proteins (SREBPs). In addition to performing canonical functions in the transcriptional regulation of genes involved in the biosynthesis and uptake of lipids, genome-wide system analyses have revealed that these versatile transcription factors act as important nodes of convergence and divergence within biological signalling networks. Thus, they are involved in myriad physiological and pathophysiological processes, highlighting the importance of lipid metabolism in biology. Changes in cell metabolism and growth are reciprocally linked through SREBPs. Anabolic and growth signalling pathways branch off and connect to multiple steps of SREBP activation and form complex regulatory networks. In addition, SREBPs are implicated in numerous pathogenic processes such as endoplasmic reticulum stress, inflammation, autophagy and apoptosis, and in this way, they contribute to obesity, dyslipidaemia, diabetes mellitus, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, chronic kidney disease, neurodegenerative diseases and cancers. This Review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the role of SREBPs in physiology and pathophysiology at the cell, organ and organism levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Shimano
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
- Life Science Center, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan
- AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
| | - Ryuichiro Sato
- AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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Hicks JA, Porter TE, Liu HC. Identification of microRNAs controlling hepatic mRNA levels for metabolic genes during the metabolic transition from embryonic to posthatch development in the chicken. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:687. [PMID: 28870167 PMCID: PMC5583987 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-4096-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The transition from embryonic to posthatch development in the chicken represents a massive metabolic switch from primarily lipolytic to primarily lipogenic metabolism. This metabolic switch is essential for the chick to successfully transition from the metabolism of stored egg yolk to the utilization of carbohydrate-based feed. However, regulation of this metabolic switch is not well understood. We hypothesized that microRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in the metabolic switch that is essential to efficient growth of chickens. We used high-throughput RNA sequencing to characterize expression profiles of mRNA and miRNA in liver during late embryonic and early posthatch development of the chicken. This extensive data set was used to define the contributions of microRNAs to the metabolic switch during development that is critical to growth and nutrient utilization in chickens. Results We found that expression of over 800 mRNAs and 30 miRNAs was altered in the embryonic liver between embryonic day 18 and posthatch day 3, and many of these differentially expressed mRNAs and miRNAs are associated with metabolic processes. We confirmed the regulation of some of these mRNAs by miRNAs expressed in a reciprocal pattern using luciferase reporter assays. Finally, through the use of yeast one-hybrid screens, we identified several proteins that likely regulate expression of one of these important miRNAs. Conclusions Integration of the upstream regulatory mechanisms governing miRNA expression along with monitoring the downstream effects of this expression will ultimately allow for the construction of complete miRNA regulatory networks associated with the hepatic metabolic switch in chickens. Our findings support a key role for miRNAs in controlling the metabolic switch that occurs between embryonic and posthatch development in the chicken. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-017-4096-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie A Hicks
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Polk Hall 232D, Box 7621, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Tom E Porter
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Hsiao-Ching Liu
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Polk Hall 232D, Box 7621, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.
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Hepatocyte specific TIMP3 expression prevents diet dependent fatty liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6747. [PMID: 28751722 PMCID: PMC5532242 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06439-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) encompasses a broad spectrum of conditions, ranging from non-progressive bland steatosis to hepatocarcinoma. Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 3 (Timp3) has a role in the pathogenesis of fatty liver disease associated with obesity and is silenced during metabolic disorders and liver cancer. We generated an hepatocyte-specific TIMP3 'gain-of-function' mouse model under the control of the Albumin promoter (AlbT3) and investigated its effects during high-fat diet (HFD). After 16 weeks of HFD, TIMP3 overexpression significantly improved glucose metabolism, hepatic fatty acid oxidation and cholesterol homeostasis. In AlbT3 mice CYP7A1, MDR3 and MRP2 gene expressions were observed, consistent with higher bile acid synthesis and export. Next, to evaluate the role of A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase 17 (ADAM17), a crucial target of TIMP3, in these processes, we created mice deficient in Adam17 specifically in hepatocyte (A17LKO) or in myeloid lineage (A17MKO), founding that only A17LKO showed improvement in liver steatosis induced by HFD. Moreover, both, AlbT3 and A17LKO significantly reduced diethylnitrosamine-initiated, HFD-promoted hepatic tumorigenesis assessed by tumor multiplicity and total tumor area. Taken together, these data indicate that hepatic TIMP3 can slow progression of NAFLD, and tumorigenesis, at least in part, through the regulation of ADAM17 activity.
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Soltanmohammadi E, Piran S, Mohammadi A, Hosseni B, Naseri F, Shabani M, Najafi M. Serum sdLDL-C and Cellular SREBP2-dependent Cholesterol Levels; is there a Challenge on Targeting PCSK9? J Med Biochem 2016; 35:410-415. [PMID: 28670193 PMCID: PMC5471636 DOI: 10.1515/jomb-2016-0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serum small dense LDL-cholesterol (sdLDL-C) value is suggested to bean important risk factor for atherosclerosis. Since sdLDL-C changes may be related to PCSK9 and SREBP-2 functions, the aim of this study was to investigate correlations between sdLDL-C, circulating PCSK9, SREBP-2 expression and some lipid parameters in serum and butty coat fraction of healthy subjects. METHODS One hundred and twenty-four subjects were randomly included in the study. The lipid profile was measured using routine laboratory methods. The serum sdLDL-C level was calculated by a heparin-related precipitation technique. The cellular LDL-C/protein and cholesterol/protein values were measured after lysing of cells with methanol/chloroform binary solvent. The circulating PCSK9 level was measured using ELISA technique. The SREBP-2 expression level was estimated using theRT-qPCR technique. RESULTS Data showed significant correlations between LDL-C, TG and sdLDL-C levels (r=0.34, p=0.001; r=0.2, p=0.04). The circulating PCSK9 level was correlated to LDL-C (r=0.29, p=0.04), but not to sdLDL-C (r=-0.08, p=0.57). Also, cellular LDL-C value was not related to serum LDL-C level (r=-0.12, p=0.39). Furthermore, there was an inverse correlation between cellular LDL-C/protein value and estimated de novo cholesterol/protein value (r= -0.5, p=0.001). Similar results were observed for cellular LDL-C/protein value and SREBP-2 expression level (r= -0.52, p=0.004). CONCLUSIONS We concluded that the serum sdLDL-C value is not related to circulating PCSK9. Furthermore, SREBP-2 regulatory system was able to elevate the cellular cholesterol level after reducing LDL influx. We suggest to investigate the cellular sdLDL fate and lipid synthesis pathways in PCSK9-targeting studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Soltanmohammadi
- Iran University of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine - International Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sadegh Piran
- Iran University of Medical Sciences, Medical School, Biochemistry Department, Tehran, Iran
| | - Asghar Mohammadi
- Iran University of Medical Sciences, Medical School, Biochemistry Department, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bita Hosseni
- Iran University of Medical Sciences, Medical School, Biochemistry Department, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faezeh Naseri
- Iran University of Medical Sciences, Medical School, Biochemistry Department, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Shabani
- Iran University of Medical Sciences, Medical School, Biochemistry Department, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Najafi
- Iran University of Medical Sciences, Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Tehran, Iran.,Iran University of Medical Sciences, Medical School, Biochemistry Department, Tehran, Iran.,Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Biochemistry Department, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Medical School, Tehran, Iran
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29
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Gerarduzzi C, de Polo A, Liu XS, El Kharbili M, Little JB, Yuan ZM. Human epidermal growth factor receptor 4 (Her4) Suppresses p53 Protein via Targeting the MDMX-MDM2 Protein Complex: IMPLICATION OF A NOVEL MDMX SER-314 PHOSPHOSITE. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:25937-25949. [PMID: 27777309 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.752303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Deregulated receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signaling is frequently associated with tumorigenesis and therapy resistance, but its underlying mechanisms still need to be elucidated. In this study, we have shown that the RTK human epidermal growth factor receptor 4 (Her4, also known as Erbb4) can inhibit the tumor suppressor p53 by regulating MDMX-mouse double minute 2 homolog (MDM2) complex stability. Upon activation by either overexpression of a constitutively active vector or ligand binding (Neuregulin-1), Her4 was able to stabilize the MDMX-MDM2 complex, resulting in suppression of p53 transcriptional activity, as shown by p53-responsive element-driven luciferase assay and mRNA levels of p53 target genes. Using a phospho-proteomics approach, we functionally identified a novel Her4-induced posttranslational modification on MDMX at Ser-314, a putative phosphorylation site for the CDK4/6 kinase. Remarkably, inhibition of Ser-314 phosphorylation either with Ser-to-Ala substitution or with a specific inhibitor of CDK4/6 kinase blocked Her4-induced stabilization of MDMX-MDM2 and rescued p53 activity. Our study offers insights into the mechanisms of deregulated RTK-induced carcinogenesis and provides the basis for the use of inhibitors targeting RTK-mediated signals for p53 restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casimiro Gerarduzzi
- From the John B. Little Center for Radiation Sciences, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Anna de Polo
- From the John B. Little Center for Radiation Sciences, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Xue-Song Liu
- From the John B. Little Center for Radiation Sciences, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Manale El Kharbili
- From the John B. Little Center for Radiation Sciences, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - John B Little
- From the John B. Little Center for Radiation Sciences, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Zhi-Min Yuan
- From the John B. Little Center for Radiation Sciences, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
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Kuzu OF, Noory MA, Robertson GP. The Role of Cholesterol in Cancer. Cancer Res 2016; 76:2063-70. [PMID: 27197250 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-2613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 410] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The roles played by cholesterol in cancer development and the potential of therapeutically targeting cholesterol homeostasis is a controversial area in the cancer community. Several epidemiologic studies report an association between cancer and serum cholesterol levels or statin use, while others suggest that there is not one. Furthermore, the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) project using next-generation sequencing has profiled the mutational status and expression levels of all the genes in diverse cancers, including those involved in cholesterol metabolism, providing correlative support for a role of the cholesterol pathway in cancer development. Finally, preclinical studies tend to more consistently support the role of cholesterol in cancer, with several demonstrating that cholesterol homeostasis genes can modulate development. Because of space limitations, this review provides selected examples of the epidemiologic, TCGA, and preclinical data, focusing on alterations in cholesterol homeostasis and its consequent effect on patient survival. In melanoma, this focused analysis demonstrated that enhanced expression of cholesterol synthesis genes was associated with decreased patient survival. Collectively, the studies in melanoma and other cancer types suggested a potential role of disrupted cholesterol homeostasis in cancer development but additional studies are needed to link population-based epidemiological data, the TCGA database results, and preclinical mechanistic evidence to concretely resolve this controversy. Cancer Res; 76(8); 2063-70. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omer F Kuzu
- Department of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Mohammad A Noory
- Department of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Gavin P Robertson
- Department of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania. Department of Pathology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania. Department of Dermatology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania. Department of Surgery, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania. Penn State Hershey Melanoma Center, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania. Penn State Melanoma Therapeutics Program, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania. Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania. The Foreman Foundation for Melanoma Research, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania.
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