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Sun D, Chasseur C, Mathieu F, Lechanteur J, Van Antwerpen P, Rasschaert J, Fontaine V, Delporte C. Untargeted Metabolomics Approach Correlated Enniatin B Mycotoxin Presence in Cereals with Kashin-Beck Disease Endemic Regions of China. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:533. [PMID: 37755959 PMCID: PMC10537395 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15090533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Kashin-Beck disease (KBD) is a multifactorial endemic disease that only occurs in specific Asian areas. Mycotoxin contamination, especially from the Fusarium spp., has been considered as one of the environmental risk factors that could provoke chondrocyte and cartilage damage. This study aimed to investigate whether new mycotoxins could be identified in KBD-endemic regions as a potential KBD risk factor. This was investigated on 292 barley samples collected in Tibet during 2009-2016 and 19 wheat samples collected in Inner Mongolia in 2006, as control, from KBD-endemic and non-endemic areas. The LC-HRMS(/MS) data, obtained by a general mycotoxin extraction technic, were interpreted by both untargeted metabolomics and molecular networks, allowing us to identify a discriminating compound, enniatin B, a mycotoxin produced by some Fusarium spp. The presence of Fusarium spp. DNA was detected in KBD-endemic area barley samples. Further studies are required to investigate the role of this mycotoxin in KBD development in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danlei Sun
- Unit of Microbiology, Bioorganic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium (V.F.)
- Unit of Pharmacognosy, Bioanalysis and Drug Discovery Unit & Analytical Platform of the Faculty of Pharmacy (APFP), Faculty of Pharmacy, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Camille Chasseur
- Unit of Microbiology, Bioorganic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium (V.F.)
| | | | - Jessica Lechanteur
- Laboratory of Bone and Metabolic Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1070 Brussels, Belgium; (J.L.); (J.R.)
| | - Pierre Van Antwerpen
- Unit of Pharmacognosy, Bioanalysis and Drug Discovery Unit & Analytical Platform of the Faculty of Pharmacy (APFP), Faculty of Pharmacy, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Joanne Rasschaert
- Laboratory of Bone and Metabolic Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1070 Brussels, Belgium; (J.L.); (J.R.)
| | - Véronique Fontaine
- Unit of Microbiology, Bioorganic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium (V.F.)
| | - Cédric Delporte
- Unit of Pharmacognosy, Bioanalysis and Drug Discovery Unit & Analytical Platform of the Faculty of Pharmacy (APFP), Faculty of Pharmacy, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium;
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Anteyi WO, Klaiber I, Rasche F. Diacetoxyscirpenol, a Fusarium exometabolite, prevents efficiently the incidence of the parasitic weed Striga hermonthica. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:84. [PMID: 35209839 PMCID: PMC8867772 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03471-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Certain Fusarium exometabolites have been reported to inhibit seed germination of the cereal-parasitizing witchweed, Striga hermonthica, in vitro. However, it is unknown if these exometabolites will consistently prevent S. hermonthica incidence in planta. The study screened a selection of known, highly phytotoxic Fusarium exometabolites, in identifying the most potent/efficient candidate (i.e., having the greatest effect at minimal concentration) to completely hinder S. hermonthica seed germination in vitro and incidence in planta, without affecting the host crop development and yield. RESULTS In vitro germination assays of the tested Fusarium exometabolites (i.e., 1,4-naphthoquinone, equisetin, fusaric acid, hymeglusin, neosolaniol (Neo), T-2 toxin (T-2) and diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS)) as pre-Striga seed conditioning treatments at 1, 5, 10, 20, 50 and 100 µM, revealed that only DAS, out of all tested exometabolites, completely inhibited S. hermonthica seed germination at each concentration. It was followed by T-2 and Neo, as from 10 to 20 µM respectively. The remaining exometabolites reduced S. hermonthica seed germination as from 20 µM (P < 0. 0001). In planta assessment (in a S. hermonthica-sorghum parasitic system) of the exometabolites at 20 µM showed that, although, none of the tested exometabolites affected sorghum aboveground dry biomass (P > 0.05), only DAS completely prevented S. hermonthica incidence. Following a 14-d incubation of DAS in the planting soil substrate, bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and fungal 18S rRNA gene copy numbers of the soil microbial community were enhanced; which coincided with complete degradation of DAS in the substrate. Metabolic footprinting revealed that the S. hermonthica mycoherbicidal agent, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. strigae (isolates Foxy-2, FK3), did not produce DAS; a discovery that corresponded with underexpression of key genes (Tri5, Tri4) necessary for Fusarium trichothecene biosynthesis (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Among the tested Fusarium exometabolites, DAS exhibited the most promising herbicidal potential against S. hermonthica. Thus, it could serve as a new biocontrol agent for efficient S. hermonthica management. Further examination of DAS specific mode of action against the target weed S. hermonthica at low concentrations (≤ 20 µM), as opposed to non-target soil organisms, is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Williams Oyifioda Anteyi
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences in the Tropics (Hans-Ruthenberg-Institute), University of Hohenheim, 70593, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Iris Klaiber
- Core Facility Hohenheim, University of Hohenheim, 70593, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Frank Rasche
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences in the Tropics (Hans-Ruthenberg-Institute), University of Hohenheim, 70593, Stuttgart, Germany.
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3
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Bright Side of Fusarium oxysporum: Secondary Metabolites Bioactivities and Industrial Relevance in Biotechnology and Nanotechnology. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7110943. [PMID: 34829230 PMCID: PMC8625159 DOI: 10.3390/jof7110943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungi have been assured to be one of the wealthiest pools of bio-metabolites with remarkable potential for discovering new drugs. The pathogenic fungi, Fusarium oxysporum affects many valuable trees and crops all over the world, producing wilt. This fungus is a source of different enzymes that have variable industrial and biotechnological applications. Additionally, it is widely employed for the synthesis of different types of metal nanoparticles with various biotechnological, pharmaceutical, industrial, and medicinal applications. Moreover, it possesses a mysterious capacity to produce a wide array of metabolites with a broad spectrum of bioactivities such as alkaloids, jasmonates, anthranilates, cyclic peptides, cyclic depsipeptides, xanthones, quinones, and terpenoids. Therefore, this review will cover the previously reported data on F. oxysporum, especially its metabolites and their bioactivities, as well as industrial relevance in biotechnology and nanotechnology in the period from 1967 to 2021. In this work, 180 metabolites have been listed and 203 references have been cited.
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Characterization of the Exo-Metabolome of the Emergent Phytopathogen Fusarium kuroshium sp. nov., a Causal Agent of Fusarium Dieback. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13040268. [PMID: 33918546 PMCID: PMC8069249 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13040268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusarium kuroshium is the fungal symbiont associated with the ambrosia beetle Euwallacea kuroshio, a plague complex that attacks avocado, among other hosts, causing a disease named Fusarium dieback (FD). However, the contribution of F. kuroshium to the establishment of this disease remains unknown. To advance the understanding of F. kuroshium pathogenicity, we profiled its exo-metabolome through metabolomics tools based on accurate mass spectrometry. We found that F. kuroshium can produce several key metabolites with phytotoxicity properties and other compounds with unknown functions. Among the metabolites identified in the fungal exo-metabolome, fusaric acid (FA) was further studied due to its phytotoxicity and relevance as a virulence factor. We tested both FA and organic extracts from F. kuroshium at various dilutions in avocado foliar tissue and found that they caused necrosis and chlorosis, resembling symptoms similar to those observed in FD. This study reports for first-time insights regarding F. kuroshium associated with its virulence, which could lead to the potential development of diagnostic and management tools of FD disease and provides a basis for understanding the interaction of F. kuroshium with its host plants.
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Hof H. The Medical Relevance of Fusarium spp. J Fungi (Basel) 2020; 6:jof6030117. [PMID: 32722172 PMCID: PMC7560228 DOI: 10.3390/jof6030117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The most important medical relevance of Fusarium spp. is based on their phytopathogenic property, contributing to hunger and undernutrition in the world. A few Fusarium spp., such as F. oxysporum and F. solani, are opportunistic pathogens and can induce local infections, i.e., of nails, skin, eye, and nasal sinuses, as well as occasionally, severe, systemic infections, especially in immunocompromised patients. These clinical diseases are rather difficult to cure by antimycotics, whereby the azoles, such as voriconazole, and liposomal amphotericin B give relatively the best results. There are at least two sources of infection, namely the environment and the gut mycobiome of a patient. A marked impact on human health has the ability of some Fusarium spp. to produce several mycotoxins, for example, the highly active trichothecenes. These mycotoxins may act either as pathogenicity factors, which means that they damage the host and hamper its defense, or as virulence factors, enhancing the aggressiveness of the fungi. Acute intoxications are rare, but chronic exposition by food items is a definite health risk, although in an individual case, it remains difficult to describe the role of mycotoxins for inducing disease. Mycotoxins taken up either by food or produced in the gut may possibly induce an imbalance of the intestinal microbiome. A particular aspect is the utilization of F. venetatum to produce cholesterol-free, protein-rich food items.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herbert Hof
- MVZ Labor Limbach und Kollegen, Im Breitspiel 16, 69126 Heidelberg, Germany
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6
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Sakai K, Yamaguchi A, Tsutsumi S, Kawai Y, Tsuzuki S, Suzuki H, Jindou S, Suzuki Y, Kajimura H, Kato M, Shimizu M. Characterization of FsXEG12A from the cellulose-degrading ectosymbiotic fungus Fusarium spp. strain EI cultured by the ambrosia beetle. AMB Express 2020; 10:96. [PMID: 32449090 PMCID: PMC7246284 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-020-01030-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the threat of Fusarium dieback posed due to ambrosia fungi cultured by ambrosia beetles such as Euwallacea spp., the wood-degradation mechanisms utilized by ambrosia fungi are not fully understood. In this study, we analyzed the 16S rRNA and 18S rRNA genes of the microbial community from the Ficus tree tunnel excavated by Euwallacea interjectus and isolated the cellulose-degrading fungus, Fusarium spp. strain EI, by enrichment culture with carboxymethyl cellulose as the sole carbon source. The cellulolytic enzyme secreted by the fungus was identified and expressed in Pichia pastoris, and its enzymatic properties were characterized. The cellulolytic enzyme, termed FsXEG12A, could hydrolyze carboxymethyl cellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, xyloglucan, lichenan, and glucomannan, indicating that the broad substrate specificity of FsXEG12A could be beneficial for degrading complex wood components such as cellulose, xyloglucan, and galactoglucomannan in angiosperms. Inhibition of FsXEG12A function is, thus, an effective target for Fusarium dieback caused by Euwallacea spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyota Sakai
- Faculty of Agriculture, Meijo University, Nagoya, Aichi, 468-8502, Japan
| | - Aya Yamaguchi
- Faculty of Agriculture, Meijo University, Nagoya, Aichi, 468-8502, Japan
| | - Seitaro Tsutsumi
- Faculty of Agriculture, Meijo University, Nagoya, Aichi, 468-8502, Japan
| | - Yuto Kawai
- Faculty of Agriculture, Meijo University, Nagoya, Aichi, 468-8502, Japan
| | - Sho Tsuzuki
- Faculty of Agriculture, Meijo University, Nagoya, Aichi, 468-8502, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Suzuki
- Faculty of Agriculture, Meijo University, Nagoya, Aichi, 468-8502, Japan
| | - Sadanari Jindou
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Meijo University, Nagoya, Aichi, 468-8502, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Suzuki
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Hisashi Kajimura
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Masashi Kato
- Faculty of Agriculture, Meijo University, Nagoya, Aichi, 468-8502, Japan
| | - Motoyuki Shimizu
- Faculty of Agriculture, Meijo University, Nagoya, Aichi, 468-8502, Japan.
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7
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Effect of a novel antifungal peptide P852 on cell morphology and membrane permeability of Fusarium oxysporum. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2019; 1861:532-539. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2018.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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8
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Lombard L, Sandoval-Denis M, Lamprecht S, Crous P. Epitypification of Fusarium oxysporum - clearing the taxonomic chaos. PERSOONIA 2018; 43:1-47. [PMID: 32214496 PMCID: PMC7085860 DOI: 10.3767/persoonia.2019.43.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium oxysporum is the most economically important and commonly encountered species of Fusarium. This soil-borne fungus is known to harbour both pathogenic (plant, animal and human) and non-pathogenic strains. However, in its current concept F. oxysporum is a species complex consisting of numerous cryptic species. Identification and naming these cryptic species is complicated by multiple subspecific classification systems and the lack of living ex-type material to serve as basic reference point for phylogenetic inference. Therefore, to advance and stabilise the taxonomic position of F. oxysporum as a species and allow naming of the multiple cryptic species recognised in this species complex, an epitype is designated for F. oxysporum. Using multi-locus phylogenetic inference and subtle morphological differences with the newly established epitype of F. oxysporum as reference point, 15 cryptic taxa are resolved in this study and described as species.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Lombard
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - M. Sandoval-Denis
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - S.C. Lamprecht
- ARC-Plant Health and Protection, Private Bag X5017, Stellenbosch, 7599, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - P.W. Crous
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
- Wageningen University and Research Centre (WUR), Laboratory of Phytopathology, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
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9
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Vujanovic V, Kim SH. Adaptability of mitosporic stage in Sphaerodes mycoparasitica towards its mycoparasitic-polyphagous lifestyle. Mycologia 2018; 109:701-709. [PMID: 29336725 DOI: 10.1080/00275514.2017.1400303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Sphaerodes mycoparasitica Vuj. is a Fusarium-specific mycoparasite. Some recent discoveries recognize its biotrophic polyphagous lifestyle as an interesting biocontrol property against a broad spectrum of mycotoxigenic Fusarium hosts. Secondary metabolites such as mycotoxins produced by Fusarium spp. may play an important role in the signaling process, allowing an early mycoparasite-host recognition. A multiple-paper-disc assay has been conducted to test S. mycoparasitica hyphal adaptability to filtrates of 12 Fusarium spp. This study shows that shifts of adapted and nonadapted hyphal migration towards different Fusarium-host filtrates may partly explain S. mycoparasitica polyphagous lifestyle, and its adaptability depending on host preference or compatibility. In terms of host compatibility, the current findings suggest that S. mycoparasitica tends to prefer native Fusarium hosts more related to its origin and propose that the mycoparasite could possess diphasic interactions such as biotrophic-attraction and antagonistic-inhibition relationships based on relative radial growth. This implies that the mycoparasite may use a group of mycotoxins produced by specific Fusarium spp. as an adaptive selective mechanism that facilitates a parasite-host recognition and further successful mycoparasitism. In particular, relative polarity or hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity of mycotoxins may be related to solubility and absorption properties in hyphae of the mycoparasite. Taken together, the studies of host compatibility and adaptability depending on host filtrates will aid in understanding complex mechanisms of S. mycoparasitica, as a promising model organism for a specific biotrophic mycoparasite to enhance and improve biocontrol efficacy against Fusaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Vujanovic
- a Department of Food and Bioproduct Sciences , University of Saskatchewan , 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon , SK S7N 5A8 , Canada
| | - Seon Hwa Kim
- a Department of Food and Bioproduct Sciences , University of Saskatchewan , 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon , SK S7N 5A8 , Canada
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10
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Reveglia P, Cinelli T, Cimmino A, Masi M, Evidente A. The main phytotoxic metabolite produced by a strain of Fusarium oxysporum inducing grapevine plant declining in Italy. Nat Prod Res 2017; 32:2398-2407. [PMID: 29237292 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2017.1415897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A strain of Fusarium oxysporum was isolated from grapevine showing heavy decline disease in a vineyard of Veneto region in Italy. The fungus showed to produce phytotoxic metabolites when grown in liquid culture. The main metabolite was identified as fusaric acid produced for the first time as a phytotoxin by a strain of F. oxysporom isolated from diseased grapevine plants. Its quantification in the fungus cultures filtrates was accomplished by HPLC. When tested on tobacco by leaf-puncture assay fusaric acid at 0.5 mg/mL induced the formation of extensive necrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierluigi Reveglia
- a Department of Chemical Sciences , University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo , Napoli , Italy
| | - Tamara Cinelli
- b Dipartimento di Scienze delle Produzioni Agroalimentari e dell'Ambiente, Sez. Patologia vegetale ed entomologia , Università di Firenze , Firenze , Italy
| | - Alessio Cimmino
- a Department of Chemical Sciences , University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo , Napoli , Italy
| | - Marco Masi
- a Department of Chemical Sciences , University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo , Napoli , Italy
| | - Antonio Evidente
- a Department of Chemical Sciences , University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo , Napoli , Italy
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11
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Genomic and transcriptomic analysis of the toluene degrading black yeast Cladophialophora immunda. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11436. [PMID: 28900256 PMCID: PMC5595782 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11807-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cladophialophora immunda is an ascomycotal species belonging to the group of the black yeasts. These fungi have a thick and melanized cell wall and other physiological adaptations that allows them to cope with several extreme physical and chemical conditions. Member of the group can colonize some of the most extremophilic environments on Earth. Cladophialophora immunda together with a few other species of the order Chaetothyriales show a special association with hydrocarbon polluted environments. The finding that the fungus is able to completely mineralize toluene makes it an interesting candidate for bioremediation purposes. The present study is the first transcriptomic investigation of a fungus grown in presence of toluene as sole carbon and energy source. We could observe the activation of genes involved in toluene degradatation and several stress response mechanisms which allowed the fungus to survive the toluene exposure. The thorough comparative genomics analysis allowed us to identify several events of horizontal gene transfer between bacteria and Cladophialophora immunda and unveil toluene degradation steps that were previously reported in bacteria. The work presented here aims to give new insights into the ecology of Cladophialophora immunda and its adaptation strategies to hydrocarbon polluted environments.
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12
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Tupaki-Sreepurna A, Al-Hatmi AMS, Kindo AJ, Sundaram M, de Hoog GS. Multidrug-resistant Fusarium in keratitis: a clinico-mycological study of keratitis infections in Chennai, India. Mycoses 2016; 60:230-233. [PMID: 27766684 DOI: 10.1111/myc.12578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to present the first molecular epidemiological data from Chennai, India, analyse keratitis cases that have been monitored in a university hospital during 2 years, identify the responsible Fusarium species and determine antifungal susceptibilities. A total of 10 cases of keratitis were included in the study. Fusarium isolates were identified using the second largest subunit of the RNA polymerase gene (RPB2) and the translation elongation factor 1 alpha (TEF1). Antifungal susceptibility was tested by the broth microdilution method according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) methodology. The aetiological agents belonged to Fusarium solani species complex (FSSC) (n = 9) and Fusarium sambucinum species complex (FSAMSC) (n = 1), and the identified species were Fusarium keratoplasticum (n = 7), Fusarium falciforme (n = 2) and Fusarium sporotrichioides (n = 1). All strains showed multidrug resistance to azoles and caspofungin but exhibited lower minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) to natamycin and amphotericin B. Fusarium keratoplasticum and Fusarium falciforme belonging to the Fusarium solani species complex were the major aetiological agents of Fusarium keratitis in this study. Early presentation and 5% topical natamycin was associated with better patient outcome. Preventative measures and monitoring of local epidemiological data play an important role in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananya Tupaki-Sreepurna
- Department of Microbiology, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, Sri Ramachandra University, Chennai, India
| | - Abdullah M S Al-Hatmi
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Institutes of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Directorate General of Health Services, Ibri Hospital, Ministry of Health, Muscat, Oman
| | - Anupma J Kindo
- Department of Microbiology, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, Sri Ramachandra University, Chennai, India
| | - Murugan Sundaram
- Department of Dermatology, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, Sri Ramachandra University, Chennai, India
| | - G Sybren de Hoog
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Institutes of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Basic Pathology Department, Federal University of Paraná State, Curitiba, Brazil.,Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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13
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Abstract
Forensic phytopathology is the application of plant pathology to legal or criminal matters. It is an emerging field. The existing literature focuses mainly on potential agricultural bioterrorism threats to the United States. Here we try to take a broader view including agricultural bioterrorism, mycoherbicide applications to eradicate plants used for illegal drugs, civil cases involving charges of sale or movement of diseased plants, and mycotoxins. In several of the examples given the evidence is inconclusive, but the examples are no less interesting for that.
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14
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Gu Y, Barzegar M, Chen X, Wu Y, Shang C, Mahdavian E, Salvatore BA, Jiang S, Huang S. Fusarochromanone-induced reactive oxygen species results in activation of JNK cascade and cell death by inhibiting protein phosphatases 2A and 5. Oncotarget 2016; 6:42322-33. [PMID: 26517353 PMCID: PMC4747228 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that fusarochromanone (FC101), a mycotoxin, is cytotoxic in a variety of cell lines. However, the molecular mechanism underlying its cytotoxicity remains elusive. Here we found that FC101 induced cell death in COS7 and HEK293 cells in part by activating JNK pathway. This is evidenced by the findings that inhibition of JNK with SP600125 or expression of dominant negative c-Jun partially prevented FC101-induced cell death. Furthermore, we observed that FC101-activated JNK pathway was attributed to induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Pretreatment with N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), a ROS scavenger and antioxidant, suppressed FC101-induced activation of JNK and cell death. Moreover, we noticed that FC101 inhibited the serine/threonine protein phosphatases 2A (PP2A) and 5 (PP5) in the cells, which was abrogated by NAC. Overexpression of PP2A or PP5 partially prevented FC101-induced activation of JNK and cell death. The results indicate that FC101-induced ROS inhibits PP2A and PP5, leading to activation of JNK pathway and consequently resulting in cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Gu
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Mansoureh Barzegar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Xin Chen
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Yang Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Chaowei Shang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA.,Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Elahe Mahdavian
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Louisiana State University, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Brian A Salvatore
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Louisiana State University, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Shanxiang Jiang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Shile Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA.,Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
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15
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Stępień Ł, Waśkiewicz A, Urbaniak M. Wildly Growing Asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) Hosts Pathogenic Fusarium Species and Accumulates Their Mycotoxins. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2016; 71:927-937. [PMID: 26687343 PMCID: PMC4823322 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-015-0717-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Asparagus officinalis L. is an important crop in many European countries, likely infected by a number of Fusarium species. Most of them produce mycotoxins in plant tissues, thus affecting the physiology of the host plant. However, there is lack of information on Fusarium communities in wild asparagus, where they would definitely have considerable environmental significance. Therefore, the main scientific aim of this study was to identify the Fusarium species and quantify their typical mycotoxins present in wild asparagus plants collected at four time points of the season. Forty-four Fusarium strains of eight species--Fusarium acuminatum, Fusarium avenaceum, Fusarium culmorum, Fusarium equiseti, Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium proliferatum, Fusarium sporotrichioides, and Fusarium tricinctum--were isolated from nine wild asparagus plants in 2013 season. It is the first report of F. sporotrichioides isolated from this particular host. Fumonisin B1 was the most abundant mycotoxin, and the highest concentrations of fumonisins B1-B3 and beauvericin were found in the spears collected in May. Moniliformin and enniatins were quantified at lower concentrations. Mycotoxins synthesized by individual strains obtained from infected asparagus tissues were assessed using in vitro cultures on sterile rice grain. Most of the F. sporotrichioides strains synthesized HT-2 toxin and F. equiseti strains were found to be effective zearalenone producers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Stępień
- Department of Pathogen Genetics and Plant Resistance, Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 34, 60-479, Poznań, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Waśkiewicz
- Department of Chemistry, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 75, 60-625, Poznań, Poland
| | - Monika Urbaniak
- Department of Pathogen Genetics and Plant Resistance, Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 34, 60-479, Poznań, Poland
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16
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Gu Y, Chen X, Shang C, Singh K, Barzegar M, Mahdavian E, Salvatore BA, Jiang S, Huang S. Fusarochromanone induces G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in COS7 and HEK293 cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e112641. [PMID: 25384025 PMCID: PMC4226581 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusarochromanone (FC101), a mycotoxin produced by the fungus Fusarium equiseti, is frequently observed in the contaminated grains and feedstuffs, which is toxic to animals and humans. However, the underlying molecular mechanism remains to be defined. In this study, we found that FC101 inhibited cell proliferation and induced cell death in COS7 and HEK293 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Flow cytometric analysis showed that FC101 induced G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in the cells. Concurrently, FC101 downregulated protein expression of cyclin D1, cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK4 and CDK6), and Cdc25A, and upregulated expression of the CDK inhibitors (p21Cip1 and p27Kip1), resulting in hypophosphorylation of Rb. FC101 also inhibited protein expression of Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, Mcl-1 and survivin, and induced expression of BAD, leading to activation of caspase 3 and cleavage of PARP, indicating caspase-dependent apoptosis. However, Z-VAD-FMK, a pan-caspase inhibitor, only partially prevented FC101-induced cell death, implying that FC101 may induce cell death through both caspase-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Our results support the notion that FC101 executes its toxicity at least by inhibiting cell proliferation and inducing cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Gu
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Xin Chen
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Chaowei Shang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, United States of America
- Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Karnika Singh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Mansoureh Barzegar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Elahe Mahdavian
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Louisiana State University, Shreveport, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Brian A. Salvatore
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Louisiana State University, Shreveport, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Shanxiang Jiang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
- * E-mail: (SH); (SJ)
| | - Shile Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, United States of America
- Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SH); (SJ)
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17
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Bani M, Rispail N, Evidente A, Rubiales D, Cimmino A. Identification of the main toxins isolated from Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. pisi race 2 and their relation with isolates' pathogenicity. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:2574-80. [PMID: 24568659 DOI: 10.1021/jf405530g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. pisi (Fop) is a pathogen of field pea inducing severe vascular wilt worldwide. Plant resistance to races 1, 5, and 6, producing wilt symptoms, is conferred by a single dominant gene, while resistance to race 2, which gives near-wilt symptoms, have been recently showed to be quantitative. Among the virulence factors reported to play a role in the infection process, toxin production is one of the best studied. Thus, five race 2 isolates have been investigated for toxin production in vitro and their relation to isolates' pathogenicity. All the isolates produced different amounts of fusaric and 9,10-dehydrofusaric acids. The content of the two toxins has been quantitated and correlated with the pathogenicity and aggressiveness of isolates on field pea. Results suggested that toxin production is an important determinant of Fop race 2 pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moustafa Bani
- Department of Plant Breeding, Institute for Sustainable Agriculture, CSIC , Apdo 4084 , 14080, Córdoba, Spain
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18
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Beck JJ, Merrill GB, Palumbo JD, O'Keeffe TL. Strain of Fusarium oxysporum isolated from almond hulls produces styrene and 7-methyl-1,3,5-cyclooctatriene as the principal volatile components. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2008; 56:11392-11398. [PMID: 18998704 DOI: 10.1021/jf802570w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
An isolated strain of Fusarium oxysporum from the hulls of Prunus dulcis (sweet almond) was found to produce relatively large quantities of the hydrocarbons styrene and two isomers of 7-methyl-1,3,5- cyclooctatriene (MCOT). Production of styrene and MCOT was reproduced on a small scale using potato dextrose agar as a growth medium and scaled up using 1 L of inoculated potato dextrose broth. The compounds were trapped as volatile organic compounds (VOCs) onto solid-phase microextraction (SPME) for small scale and Tenax for large scale and then isolated using standard high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods. Styrene was authenticated by a comparison to the retention times, fragmentation patterns, and calculated retention indices of a commercially available sample. The identity of MCOT was verified by a short chemical synthesis and a comparison of spectroscopic data to the isolated sample. A biosynthetic scheme of styrene is proposed on the basis of a (13)C-labeling study. This is the first report of MCOT isolated as a natural product.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J Beck
- Western Regional Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Albany, California 94710, USA.
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19
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The Trichothecenes and Their Biosynthesis. PROGRESS IN THE CHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC NATURAL PRODUCTS 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-211-49389-2_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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20
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Perkowski J, Jeleń H, Kiecana I, Goliński P. Natural contamination of spring barley with group A trichothecene mycotoxins in south-eastern Poland. FOOD ADDITIVES AND CONTAMINANTS 1997; 14:321-5. [PMID: 9205559 DOI: 10.1080/02652039709374533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Strains (10705) of microscopic fungi were isolated from spring barley heads in the region of Lublin (south-eastern Poland). Fusarium sporotrichioides Sherb was found in 418 (3.9%) of isolated strains. Group A trichothecene mycotoxins were detected in the collected barley kernels colonized by F. sporotrichioides, with Fusarium head blight symptoms. Among 24 samples analysed, 12 were T-2 toxin positive in a range of contamination from 0.02 to 2.40 micrograms/g (average 0.45), while in five samples HT-2 toxin ranged from 0.01 to 0.37 micrograms/g (average 0.23) and T-2 tetraol was detected in two samples in a range of 0.01-0.21 micrograms/g (average 0.11). Twelve samples were free of detectable amounts of the toxic metabolites analysed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Perkowski
- Department of Chemistry, Agricultural University of Poznań, Poland
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21
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22
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Park J, Chu FS. Immunochemical analysis of trichothecenes produced by various fusaria. Mycopathologia 1993. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01104075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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23
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Chapter 7 Thin-Layer Chromatography of Mycotoxins. CHROMATOGRAPHY OF MYCOTOXINS - TECHNIQUES AND APPLICATIONS 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/s0301-4770(08)60567-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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24
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Production of zearalenone, nivalenol, moniliformin, and wortmannin from toxigenic cultures ofFusarium obtained from pasture soil samples collected in New Zealand. Mycotoxin Res 1991; 7:53-60. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03192166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/1991] [Accepted: 08/09/1991] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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25
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Marasas WF, Thiel PG, Sydenham EW, Rabie CJ, Lübben A, Nelson PE. Toxicity and moniliformin production by four recently described species of Fusarium and two uncertain taxa. Mycopathologia 1991; 113:191-7. [PMID: 2067564 DOI: 10.1007/bf00436130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Four recently described species. Fusarium nygamai, F. dlamini, F. beomiforme and F. napiforme and two uncertain taxa, F. nygamai from millet in Africa and Fusarium species from rice with Bakanae disease, were tested for toxicity and moniliformin production. Cultures grown on autoclaved corn were fed to groups of four one-day-old ducklings for 14 days. Isolates that caused the death of 3 or 4 out of 4 ducklings were considered to be toxic and analyzed for moniliformin. All 15 isolates of F. dlamini tested were nontoxic. The other taxa contained some isolates that were toxic to ducklings and produced moniliformin in corn cultures. This is the first report of moniliformin production by F. beomiforme (200-890 micrograms/g), and F. napiforme (16-388 micrograms/g), and by F. nygamai not obtained from millet in Africa (15-874 micrograms/g). The highest production of moniliformin was obtained from the 19 isolates of F. nygamai from millet in Africa (4300-18,200 micrograms/g) and the 15 isolates from rice with Bakanae disease (2300-19,300 micrograms/g). The taxonomic position of these two uncertain taxa should be re-evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- W F Marasas
- Research Institute for Nutritional Diseases, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg
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26
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Yu J, Wei R, Mirocha CJ, Chu FS. Production and characterization of antibody against fusarochromanone. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 1990. [DOI: 10.1080/09540109009354704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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