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Gerling M, Petry L, Barkusky D, Büttner C, Müller MEH. Infected grasses as inoculum for Fusarium infestation and mycotoxin accumulation in wheat with and without irrigation. Mycotoxin Res 2022; 39:19-31. [PMID: 36282420 PMCID: PMC10156776 DOI: 10.1007/s12550-022-00470-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AbstractGrasses growing next to agricultural fields influence the Fusarium abundance, the species composition, and the mycotoxin accumulation of wheat plants, especially the field parts directly adjacent to grasses, are highly affected. Grasses are a more attractive and suitable habitat for Fusarium fungi compared to other arable weeds and occur at mostly every semi-natural landscape element (e.g., kettle holes, hedgerows, field-to-field-borders). In our study, we analyzed the ability of a highly Fusarium infected grass stripe (F. graminearum, F. culmorum, F. sporotrichioides) to infect an adjacent wheat field with these species. Results show that the primary inoculated Fusarium species were as well the dominant species isolated from the wheat field. Regarding transects originating from the grass stripe going into the field, the results demonstrate that wheat ears next to the infected grass stripe have a higher Fusarium abundance and furthermore show higher mycotoxin accumulation in the wheat kernels. This effect was highly promoted by irrigation. Therefore, grass stripes next to arable fields must be considered as reservoirs for fungal infections and as a source for a contamination with mycotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Gerling
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Eberswalder Str. 84, 15374 Müncheberg, Germany
- Albrecht Daniel Thaer-Institute, Faculty of Life Science, Department of Phytomedicine, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Laura Petry
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Eberswalder Str. 84, 15374 Müncheberg, Germany
- Albrecht Daniel Thaer-Institute, Faculty of Life Science, Department of Phytomedicine, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dietmar Barkusky
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Eberswalder Str. 84, 15374 Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Carmen Büttner
- Albrecht Daniel Thaer-Institute, Faculty of Life Science, Department of Phytomedicine, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Marina E. H. Müller
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Eberswalder Str. 84, 15374 Müncheberg, Germany
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Wang Y, Wang R, Sha Y. Distribution, pathogenicity and disease control of Fusarium tricinctum. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:939927. [PMID: 35958126 PMCID: PMC9360978 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.939927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant pathogenic fungi such as Fusarium tricinctum cause various plant diseases worldwide, especially in temperate regions. In cereals, F. tricinctum is one of the most common species causing Fusarium head blight (FHB) and root rot. Infection with F. tricinctum results in high yield losses and reduction in quality, mainly due to mycotoxin contamination of grain. Mycotoxins produced by F. tricinctum, such as enniatins (ENs) and moniliformin (MON), which are the most studied mycotoxins, have been reported to have multiple toxic effects on humans and animals. Although chemical control of Fusarium infection has been applied to grains, it is not always effective in controlling disease or reducing the level of mycotoxins in wheat grains. To the contrary, chemical control may significantly increase infection of F. tricinctum in fungicide-treated plots after treatment. Our studies show that the bacterium Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, has good control effects against F. tricinctum. Therefore, its use as a biological control agent against various plant pathogens may be an effective strategy to control the spread of Fusarium pathogens. Here, we conduct a review of the literature involving this plant pathogen, its diversity, virulence, and methods to control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Microbial Resources and Engineering, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ruoyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Regions of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
- Gaolan Station of Agricultural and Ecological Experiment, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Ruoyu Wang,
| | - Yuexia Sha
- Institute of Plant Protection, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, China
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Lai D, Mao Z, Zhou Z, Zhao S, Xue M, Dai J, Zhou L, Li D. New chlamydosporol derivatives from the endophytic fungus Pleosporales sp. Sigrf05 and their cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8193. [PMID: 32424135 PMCID: PMC7234987 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65148-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Five new chlamydosporol derivatives, named pleospyrones A-E (1-5), together with one known congener (6), were isolated from the culture of the endophytic fungus Pleosporales sp. Sigrf05, obtained from the medicinal plant Siraitia grosvenorii. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated mainly by analysis of the HRESIMS, and (1D, 2D) NMR data, while ECD and optical rotation calculations were used to assign the absolute configurations. The plausible biosynthetic pathway of these compounds were proposed. The isolated compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxicity, antifungal and antibacterial activities. Compounds 1, and 4-6 were cytotoxic against the tested cancer cells with IC50 values of 1.26~47.5 μM. Compounds 1-3 showed moderate antifungal activities against Magnaporthe oryzae, while compound 5 displayed weak antibacterial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daowan Lai
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ziling Mao
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhiyao Zhou
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Siji Zhao
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Mengyao Xue
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jungui Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Ligang Zhou
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Dianpeng Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Functional Phytochemicals Research and Utilization, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guilin, 541006, China.
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Gautier C, Pinson-Gadais L, Richard-Forget F. Fusarium Mycotoxins Enniatins: An Updated Review of Their Occurrence, the Producing Fusarium Species, and the Abiotic Determinants of Their Accumulation in Crop Harvests. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:4788-4798. [PMID: 32243758 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c00411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cereal grains and their processed food products are frequently contaminated with mycotoxins produced by the Fusarium genus. Enniatins (ENNs), which belong to the so-called "emerging mycotoxins" family, are among the most frequently found in small grain cereals. Health hazards induced by a chronic exposure to ENNs or an association of ENNs with other major mycotoxins is a risk that cannot be excluded given the current toxicological data. Thus, efforts must be pursued to define efficient control strategies to mitigate their presence in cereal grains. A key condition for achieving this aim is to gain deep and comprehensive knowledge of the factors promoting the appearance of ENNs in crop harvests. After an update of ENN occurrence data, this review surveys the scientific literature on the Fusarium species responsible for ENN contamination and covers the recent advances concerning the abiotic determinants and the genetic regulation of ENN biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Gautier
- INRAE, UR 1264, Unité MycSA, 71 Avenue Edouard Bourlaux, 33883 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Laetitia Pinson-Gadais
- INRAE, UR 1264, Unité MycSA, 71 Avenue Edouard Bourlaux, 33883 Villenave d'Ornon, France
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Müller M, Urban K, Köppen R, Siegel D, Korn U, Koch M. Mycotoxins as antagonistic or supporting agents in the interaction between phytopathogenic Fusarium and Alternaria fungi. WORLD MYCOTOXIN J 2015. [DOI: 10.3920/wmj2014.1747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The role of mycotoxins in the microbial competition in an ecosystem or on the same host plant is still unclear. Therefore, a laboratory study was conducted to evaluate the influence of mycotoxins on growth and mycotoxin production of Fusarium and Alternaria fungi. Fusarium culmorum Fc13, Fusarium graminearum Fg23 and two Alternaria tenuissima isolates (At18 and At220) were incubated on wheat kernels supplemented with alternariol (AOH), tetramic acid derivates (TeA), deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEA) in an in vitro test system. Fungal biomass was quantified by determining ergosterol content. Three Fusarium toxins (DON, nivalenol and ZEA) and three Alternaria toxins (AOH, alternariol methyl ether (AME) and altenuene) were analysed by HPLC-MS/MS. If Alternaria strains grew in wheat kernels spiked with Fusarium mycotoxins, their growth rates were moderately increased, their AOH and AME production was enhanced and they were simultaneously capable of degrading the Fusarium mycotoxins DON and ZEA. In contrast, both Fusarium strains behaved quite differently. The growth rate of Fc13 was not distinctly influenced, while Fg23 increased its growth in wheat kernels spiked with AOH. TeA depressed the ergosterol content in Fc13 as well as in Fg23. The DON production of Fc13 was slightly depressed, whereas the ZEA production was significantly increased. In contrast, Fg23 restricted its ZEA production. Both Fusarium strains were not capable of degrading the Alternaria mycotoxin AOH. Mycotoxins might play an important role in the interfungal competitive processes. They influence growth rates and mycotoxin production of the antagonistic combatants. The observed effects between phytopathogenic Alternaria and Fusarium strains and their mycotoxins aid the understanding of the complexity of microbial competitive behaviour in natural environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- M.E.H. Müller
- Leibniz-Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research ZALF, Institute of Landscape Biogeochemistry, Eberswalder Strasse 84, 15374 Müncheberg, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Altensteinstrasse 6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - K. Urban
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Landscape Architecture, University of Applied Sciences Osnabrück, Oldenburger Landstrasse 24, 49090 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - R. Köppen
- Division 1.7 Food Analysis, BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Richard-Willstätter Strasse 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - D. Siegel
- Division 1.7 Food Analysis, BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Richard-Willstätter Strasse 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - U. Korn
- Leibniz-Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research ZALF, Institute of Landscape Biogeochemistry, Eberswalder Strasse 84, 15374 Müncheberg, Germany
| | - M. Koch
- Division 1.7 Food Analysis, BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Richard-Willstätter Strasse 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany
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Aniołowska M, Steininger M. Determination of trichothecenes and zearalenone in different corn (Zea mays) cultivars for human consumption in Poland. J Food Compost Anal 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2013.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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7
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Müller M, Steier I, Köppen R, Siegel D, Proske M, Korn U, Koch M. Cocultivation of phytopathogenic Fusarium and Alternaria strains affects fungal growth and mycotoxin production. J Appl Microbiol 2012; 113:874-87. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2012.05388.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2012] [Revised: 06/26/2012] [Accepted: 07/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M.E.H. Müller
- Leibniz-Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research ZALF; Institute of Landscape Biogeochemistry; Müncheberg; Germany
| | - I. Steier
- Technical University of Applied Sciences; Wildau; Germany
| | - R. Köppen
- BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing; Berlin; Germany
| | - D. Siegel
- BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing; Berlin; Germany
| | - M. Proske
- BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing; Berlin; Germany
| | - U. Korn
- Leibniz-Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research ZALF; Institute of Landscape Biogeochemistry; Müncheberg; Germany
| | - M. Koch
- BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing; Berlin; Germany
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Tan DC, Flematti GR, Ghisalberti EL, Sivasithamparam K, Chakraborty S, Obanor F, Barbetti MJ. Mycotoxins produced by Fusarium species associated with annual legume pastures and 'sheep feed refusal disorders' in Western Australia. Mycotoxin Res 2011; 27:123-35. [PMID: 23605703 DOI: 10.1007/s12550-010-0085-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2010] [Revised: 12/09/2010] [Accepted: 12/17/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Sheep grazing in Western Australia can partially or completely refuse to consume annual Medicago pods contaminated with a number of different Fusarium species. Many Fusarium species are known to produce trichothecenes as part of their array of toxigenic secondary metabolites, which are known to cause feed refusal in animals. This study reports the identity of Fusarium species using species-specific PCR primers and a characterization of the toxigenic secondary metabolites produced by 24 Fusarium isolates associated with annual legume-based pastures and particularly those associated with sheep feed refusal disorders in Western Australia. Purification of the fungal extracts was facilitated by a bioassay-guided fractionation using brine shrimp. A number of trichothecenes (3-acetyldeoxynivalenol, deoxynivalenol, fusarenon-X, monoacetoxyscirpenols, diacetoxyscirpenol, scirpentriol, HT-2 toxin and T-2 toxin), enniatins (A, A1, B, and B1), chlamydosporol and zearalenone were identified using GC/MS and/or NMR spectroscopy. Some of the crude extracts and fractions showed significant activity against brine shrimp at concentrations as low as 5 μg ml(-1), and are likely to be involved in the sheep feed refusal disorders. This is the first report of chlamydosporol production by confirmed Fusarium spp.; of the incidence of F. brachygibbosum and F. venenatum in Australia and of F. tricinctum in Western Australia; and of mycotoxin production by Fusarium species from Western Australia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana C Tan
- School of Plant Biology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
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Gutleb AC, Morrison E, Murk AJ. Cytotoxicity assays for mycotoxins produced by Fusarium strains: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2002; 11:309-320. [PMID: 21782614 DOI: 10.1016/s1382-6689(02)00020-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2001] [Revised: 03/01/2002] [Accepted: 03/01/2002] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Mycotoxins are naturally occurring toxic secondary metabolites of fungi that may be present in food and feed. Several of these mycotoxins have been associated with human and animal diseases. Fusarium species, found worldwide in cereals and other food types for human and animal consumption, are the most important toxigenic fungi in northern temperate regions. The overall economical loss and the detrimental health effects in humans and animals of mycotoxin contamination are enormous and therefore, rapid screening methods will form an important tool in the protection of humans and animals as well as to minimize economical losses by early detection. An overview of methods for the determination of cytotoxicity and the application of such bioassays to screen solid fungal cultures, cereals, respectively, food/feedstuffs for the presence and toxic potential of Fusarium mycotoxins is presented. Various cell lines including different endpoints of toxicity using vertebrate cells and the predictive value of the in vitro assays are reviewed. Bioassays are compared with existing chemical analytical methods and the possibilities and limitations of such systems are discussed. The review is based on 149 references.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arno C Gutleb
- National Veterinary Institute, PO Box 8156 Dep., N-0033 Oslo, Norway
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Mateo JJ, Mateo R, Jiménez M. Accumulation of type A trichothecenes in maize, wheat and rice by Fusarium sporotrichioides isolates under diverse culture conditions. Int J Food Microbiol 2002; 72:115-23. [PMID: 11843402 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-1605(01)00625-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Toxigenic isolates of Fusarium sporotrichioides were tested for the production of type A trichothecenes (T-2 toxin, HT-2 toxin, diacetoxyscirpenol and neosolaniol) when grown on three substrates (maize, rice and wheat) under various conditions of temperature and water activity in the laboratory for 3 weeks. Trichothecenes were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection, after derivatisation with coumarin-3-carbonyl chloride. This is the first time this analytical method has been applied to an extensive study of trichothecene accumulation. With minor exceptions, greater trichothecene production occurred when samples were incubated at 20 degrees C and moistened with 35% water (water activity 0.990) although incubation conditions affected the substrates studied in different ways. No correlation between the different pairs of trichothecenes was found except for neosolaniol and diacetoxyscirpenol (r=0.56). Principal component analysis results show that the data points can be grouped in three rough clusters related to cereal type, which points out that the composition of these cereals can influence the production of type A trichothecenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Mateo
- Facultad de Biología, Departamento de Microbiología y Ecología, Burjasot, Valencia, Spain
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Langseth W, Bernhoft A, Rundberget T, Kosiak B, Gareis M. Mycotoxin production and cytotoxicity of Fusarium strains isolated from Norwegian cereals. Mycopathologia 1999; 144:103-13. [PMID: 10481290 DOI: 10.1023/a:1007016820879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Thirty-four isolates of the eight most common Fusarium species isolated from Norwegian cereals; F. avenaceum, F. culmorum, F. equiseti, F. graminearum, F. poae, F. sporotrichioides, F. torulosum and F. tricinctum were studied for their cytotoxicity and ability to produce mycotoxins. The strains were cultivated on rice, and analysed for trichothecenes (all species), zearalenone (all species), fusarochromanone (F. equiseti), wortmannin (F. torulosum), moniliformin and enniatins (F. avenaceum, F. tricinctum and F. torulosum). The cytotoxicity of the extracts were examined with an (in vitro) MTT-cell culture assay. All F. graminearum and five of seven F. culmorum isolates belonged to chemotype IA, producing deoxynivalenol and 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol, while the two other F. culmorum strains were nivalenol producers (chemotype II). The F. equiseti isolates and one of the F. poae isolates produced both type A and B trichothecenes, and relatively large quantities of fusarochromanone were detected in the F. equiseti cultures. All Fusarium species studied showed significant cytotoxicity, but with a large variation between species, and also within each species. F. sporotrichioides and F. equiseti showed the highest average cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Langseth
- National Veterinary Institute, Department of Feed and Food Hygiene-Toxicology, Chemistry, and Microbiology, Oslo, Norway
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NIJS M, EGMOND H, ROMBOUTS F, NOTERMANS S. IDENTIFICATION OF HAZARDOUS FUSARIUM SECONDARY METABOLITES OCCURRING IN FOOD RAW MATERIALS. J Food Saf 1997. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4565.1997.tb00185.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Solfrizzo M, Visconti A. Simultaneous high-performance liquid chromatographic determination of visoltricin, acuminatopyrone and chlamydosporols in Fusarium cultures on maize. J Chromatogr A 1996; 730:69-73. [PMID: 8680598 DOI: 10.1016/0021-9673(95)00899-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Visoltricin (VIS), acuminatopyrone (ACP), clamydosporol (CL), isochlamydosporol (ICL) and chlamydospordiol (DIOL), recently characterized Fusarium metabolites, were separated on a polymeric RP-18 column eluted with acetonitrile-0.01% ammonia solution (35:65) at 1 ml/min and detected with a diode-array UV detector. The presence of ammonia in the mobile phase improved the shape of the CL and VIS peaks. The use of a polymeric column was required owing to the basic pH of the mobile phase. Maize cultures of several strains of F.tricinctum and F. chlamydosporum were analysed with this procedure after extraction with aqueous methanol, partitioning with methylene chloride and clean-up with a C18 minicolumn. VIS was produced only by F. tricinctum, whereas ACP and chlamydosporols were produced by both Fusarium species.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Solfrizzo
- Istituto Tossine e Micotossine da Parassiti Vegetali, CNR, Bari, Italy
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Solfrizzo M, Visconti A, Savard ME, Blackwell BA, Nelson PE. Isolation and characterization of new chlamydosporol related metabolites of Fusarium chlamydosporum and Fusarium tricinctum. Mycopathologia 1994; 127:95-101. [PMID: 7984219 DOI: 10.1007/bf01103065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium chlamydosporum strain T-826 isolated from corn in the USA produced chlamydosporol and two analogs which have been identified by various spectroscopic techniques as: 7,8-dihydro-5-hydroxy-4-methoxy-trans-7,8-dimethyl-2H,5H-pyrano(4, 3-b)pyran-2-one (or isochlamydosporol) and 4-methoxy-5-hydroxymethyl-6-(3-butan-2-ol)-2H-pyran-2-one (or chlamydospordiol). Chlamydosporol (compound a + b) chlamydospordiol (compound c) and isochlamydosporol (compound d) were produced together (up to 6000 micrograms/g) by 3 out of 11 isolates of F. chlamydosporum and by 3 out of 24 isolates of F. tricinctum from various substrates and geographic origin. Three isolates of F. chlamydosporum and one isolate of F. tricinctum produced only chlamydospordiol and 2 isolates of F. tricinctum produced chlamydosporol (a + b), and chlamydospordiol (c).
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Affiliation(s)
- M Solfrizzo
- Istituto Tossine e Micotossine da parassiti vegetali, CNR, Bari, Italy
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Rotter BA, Thompson BK, Clarkin S, Owen TC. Rapid colorimetric bioassay for screening of Fusarium mycotoxins. NATURAL TOXINS 1993; 1:303-7. [PMID: 8167951 DOI: 10.1002/nt.2620010509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The cytotoxicity of Fusarium mycotoxins was evaluated using a trichothecene sensitive cell line (BHK-21, baby hamster kidney cells) in combination with the MTT-cleavage test as an end-point measurement. Cells tended to be more sensitive to the type A trichothecenes with midpoint cytotoxicity values ranging from 1.6 ng/ml for T-2 toxin to 60 ng/ml for scirpentriol. The cytotoxicity value for deoxynivalenol (type B) was 112 ng/ml. The inherent disadvantage of the MTT-assay (formation of insoluble formazan) was overcome by using the analog MTS and measuring the water-soluble formazan directly in the culture media. The MTS-midpoint cytotoxicity values for T-2 toxin and deoxynivalenol (2.1 and 141 ng/ml, respectively), although slightly higher, showed a good correspondence to the MTT-test. Both the MTT- and MTS-cleavage tests are useful for evaluating the cytotoxicity of Fusarium mycotoxins. The replacement of MTT by MTS substantially reduced the number of sample processing steps and the length of time required to complete the cytotoxicity assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- B A Rotter
- Centre for Food and Animal Research, Agriculture, Canada, Ottawa, Ontario
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