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Queiroz CA, Caniato FF, Siqueira VKS, de Moraes Catarino A, Hanada RE, O'Donnell K, Laraba I, Rehner SA, Sousa NR, Silva GF. Population Genetic Analysis of Fusarium decemcellulare, a Guaraná Pathogen, Reveals High Genetic Diversity in the Amazonas State, Brazil. PLANT DISEASE 2023:PDIS01220083RE. [PMID: 36350732 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-01-22-0083-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Guaraná is indigenous to the Brazilian Amazon where it has cultural and agroeconomic significance. However, its cultivation is constrained by a disease termed oversprouting of guaraná caused by Fusarium decemcellulare, with yield losses reaching as high as 100%. The disease can affect different parts of the plant, causing floral hypertrophy and hyperplasia, stem galls, and oversprouting of vegetative buds. To date, no study has been conducted characterizing the genetic diversity and population structure of this pathogen. Here, we report genetic diversity and genetic structure among 224 isolates from eight guaraná production areas of Amazonas State, Brazil, that were genotyped using a set of 10 inter-simple-sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. Despite moderate gene diversity (Hexp = 0.21 to 0.32), genotypic diversity was at or near maximum (223 multilocus genotypes among 224 isolates). Population genetic analysis of the 10 ISSR marker fragments with STRUCTURE software identified two populations designated C1 and C2 within the F. decemcellulare collection from the eight sites. Likewise, UPGMA hierarchical clustering and discriminant analysis of principal components of the strains from guaraná resolved these same two groups. Analysis of molecular variance demonstrated that 71% of genetic diversity occurred within the C1 and C2 populations. A pairwise comparison of sampling sites for both genetic populations revealed that 59 of 66 were differentiated from one another (P < 0.05), and high and significant gene flow was detected only between sampling sites assigned to the same genetic population. The presence of MAT1-1 and MAT1-2 strains, in conjunction with the high genotypic diversity and no significant linkage disequilibrium, suggests that each population of F. decemcellulare might be undergoing sexual reproduction. Isolation by distance was not observed (R2 = 0.02885, P > 0.05), which suggests that human-mediated movement of seedlings may have played a role in shaping the F. decemcellulare genetic structure in Amazonas State, Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia A Queiroz
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Fernanda F Caniato
- Departamento de Ciências Fundamentais e Desenvolvimento Agrícola, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Kerry O'Donnell
- Mycotoxin Prevention and Applied Microbiology Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604, U.S.A
| | - Imane Laraba
- Mycotoxin Prevention and Applied Microbiology Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604, U.S.A
| | - Stephen A Rehner
- Mycology and Nematology Genetic Diversity and Biology Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, U.S.A
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Crous P, Lombard L, Sandoval-Denis M, Seifert K, Schroers HJ, Chaverri P, Gené J, Guarro J, Hirooka Y, Bensch K, Kema G, Lamprecht S, Cai L, Rossman A, Stadler M, Summerbell R, Taylor J, Ploch S, Visagie C, Yilmaz N, Frisvad J, Abdel-Azeem A, Abdollahzadeh J, Abdolrasouli A, Akulov A, Alberts J, Araújo J, Ariyawansa H, Bakhshi M, Bendiksby M, Ben Hadj Amor A, Bezerra J, Boekhout T, Câmara M, Carbia M, Cardinali G, Castañeda-Ruiz R, Celis A, Chaturvedi V, Collemare J, Croll D, Damm U, Decock C, de Vries R, Ezekiel C, Fan X, Fernández N, Gaya E, González C, Gramaje D, Groenewald J, Grube M, Guevara-Suarez M, Gupta V, Guarnaccia V, Haddaji A, Hagen F, Haelewaters D, Hansen K, Hashimoto A, Hernández-Restrepo M, Houbraken J, Hubka V, Hyde K, Iturriaga T, Jeewon R, Johnston P, Jurjević Ž, Karalti İ, Korsten L, Kuramae E, Kušan I, Labuda R, Lawrence D, Lee H, Lechat C, Li H, Litovka Y, Maharachchikumbura S, Marin-Felix Y, Matio Kemkuignou B, Matočec N, McTaggart A, Mlčoch P, Mugnai L, Nakashima C, Nilsson R, Noumeur S, Pavlov I, Peralta M, Phillips A, Pitt J, Polizzi G, Quaedvlieg W, Rajeshkumar K, Restrepo S, Rhaiem A, Robert J, Robert V, Rodrigues A, Salgado-Salazar C, Samson R, Santos A, Shivas R, Souza-Motta C, Sun G, Swart W, Szoke S, Tan Y, Taylor J, Taylor P, Tiago P, Váczy K, van de Wiele N, van der Merwe N, Verkley G, Vieira W, Vizzini A, Weir B, Wijayawardene N, Xia J, Yáñez-Morales M, Yurkov A, Zamora J, Zare R, Zhang C, Thines M. Fusarium: more than a node or a foot-shaped basal cell. Stud Mycol 2021; 98:100116. [PMID: 34466168 PMCID: PMC8379525 DOI: 10.1016/j.simyco.2021.100116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent publications have argued that there are potentially serious consequences for researchers in recognising distinct genera in the terminal fusarioid clade of the family Nectriaceae. Thus, an alternate hypothesis, namely a very broad concept of the genus Fusarium was proposed. In doing so, however, a significant body of data that supports distinct genera in Nectriaceae based on morphology, biology, and phylogeny is disregarded. A DNA phylogeny based on 19 orthologous protein-coding genes was presented to support a very broad concept of Fusarium at the F1 node in Nectriaceae. Here, we demonstrate that re-analyses of this dataset show that all 19 genes support the F3 node that represents Fusarium sensu stricto as defined by F. sambucinum (sexual morph synonym Gibberella pulicaris). The backbone of the phylogeny is resolved by the concatenated alignment, but only six of the 19 genes fully support the F1 node, representing the broad circumscription of Fusarium. Furthermore, a re-analysis of the concatenated dataset revealed alternate topologies in different phylogenetic algorithms, highlighting the deep divergence and unresolved placement of various Nectriaceae lineages proposed as members of Fusarium. Species of Fusarium s. str. are characterised by Gibberella sexual morphs, asexual morphs with thin- or thick-walled macroconidia that have variously shaped apical and basal cells, and trichothecene mycotoxin production, which separates them from other fusarioid genera. Here we show that the Wollenweber concept of Fusarium presently accounts for 20 segregate genera with clear-cut synapomorphic traits, and that fusarioid macroconidia represent a character that has been gained or lost multiple times throughout Nectriaceae. Thus, the very broad circumscription of Fusarium is blurry and without apparent synapomorphies, and does not include all genera with fusarium-like macroconidia, which are spread throughout Nectriaceae (e.g., Cosmosporella, Macroconia, Microcera). In this study four new genera are introduced, along with 18 new species and 16 new combinations. These names convey information about relationships, morphology, and ecological preference that would otherwise be lost in a broader definition of Fusarium. To assist users to correctly identify fusarioid genera and species, we introduce a new online identification database, Fusarioid-ID, accessible at www.fusarium.org. The database comprises partial sequences from multiple genes commonly used to identify fusarioid taxa (act1, CaM, his3, rpb1, rpb2, tef1, tub2, ITS, and LSU). In this paper, we also present a nomenclator of names that have been introduced in Fusarium up to January 2021 as well as their current status, types, and diagnostic DNA barcode data. In this study, researchers from 46 countries, representing taxonomists, plant pathologists, medical mycologists, quarantine officials, regulatory agencies, and students, strongly support the application and use of a more precisely delimited Fusarium (= Gibberella) concept to accommodate taxa from the robust monophyletic node F3 on the basis of a well-defined and unique combination of morphological and biochemical features. This F3 node includes, among others, species of the F. fujikuroi, F. incarnatum-equiseti, F. oxysporum, and F. sambucinum species complexes, but not species of Bisifusarium [F. dimerum species complex (SC)], Cyanonectria (F. buxicola SC), Geejayessia (F. staphyleae SC), Neocosmospora (F. solani SC) or Rectifusarium (F. ventricosum SC). The present study represents the first step to generating a new online monograph of Fusarium and allied fusarioid genera (www.fusarium.org).
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Key Words
- Apiognomonia platani (Lév.) L. Lombard
- Atractium ciliatum Link
- Atractium pallidum Bonord.
- Calloria tremelloides (Grev.) L. Lombard
- Cephalosporium sacchari E.J. Butler
- Cosmosporella cavisperma (Corda) Sand.-Den., L. Lombard & Crous
- Cylindrodendrum orthosporum (Sacc. & P. Syd.) L. Lombard
- Dialonectria volutella (Ellis & Everh.) L. Lombard & Sand.-Den.
- Fusarium aeruginosum Delacr.
- Fusarium agaricorum Sarrazin
- Fusarium albidoviolaceum Dasz.
- Fusarium aleyrodis Petch
- Fusarium amentorum Lacroix
- Fusarium annuum Leonian
- Fusarium arcuatum Berk. & M.A. Curtis
- Fusarium aridum O.A. Pratt
- Fusarium armeniacum (G.A. Forbes et al.) L.W. Burgess & Summerell
- Fusarium arthrosporioides Sherb.
- Fusarium asparagi Delacr.
- Fusarium batatas Wollenw.
- Fusarium biforme Sherb.
- Fusarium buharicum Jacz. ex Babajan & Teterevn.-Babajan
- Fusarium cactacearum Pasin. & Buzz.-Trav.
- Fusarium cacti-maxonii Pasin. & Buzz.-Trav.
- Fusarium caudatum Wollenw.
- Fusarium cavispermum Corda
- Fusarium cepae Hanzawa
- Fusarium cesatii Rabenh.
- Fusarium citriforme Jamal.
- Fusarium citrinum Wollenw.
- Fusarium citrulli Taubenh.
- Fusarium clavatum Sherb.
- Fusarium coccinellum Kalchbr.
- Fusarium cromyophthoron Sideris
- Fusarium cucurbitae Taubenh.
- Fusarium cuneiforme Sherb.
- Fusarium delacroixii Sacc.
- Fusarium dimerum var. nectrioides Wollenw.
- Fusarium echinatum Sand.-Den. & G.J. Marais
- Fusarium epicoccum McAlpine
- Fusarium eucheliae Sartory, R. Sartory & J. Mey.
- Fusarium fissum Peyl
- Fusarium flocciferum Corda
- Fusarium gemmiperda Aderh.
- Fusarium genevense Dasz.
- Fusarium graminearum Schwabe
- Fusarium graminum Corda
- Fusarium heterosporioides Fautrey
- Fusarium heterosporum Nees & T. Nees
- Fusarium idahoanum O.A. Pratt
- Fusarium juruanum Henn.
- Fusarium lanceolatum O.A. Pratt
- Fusarium lateritium Nees
- Fusarium loncheceras Sideris
- Fusarium longipes Wollenw. & Reinking
- Fusarium lyarnte J.L. Walsh, Sangal., L.W. Burgess, E.C.Y. Liew & Summerell
- Fusarium malvacearum Taubenh.
- Fusarium martii f. phaseoli Burkh.
- Fusarium muentzii Delacr.
- Fusarium nigrum O.A. Pratt
- Fusarium oxysporum var. asclerotium Sherb.
- Fusarium palczewskii Jacz.
- Fusarium palustre W.H. Elmer & Marra
- Fusarium polymorphum Matr.
- Fusarium poolense Taubenh.
- Fusarium prieskaense G.J. Marais & Sand.-Den.
- Fusarium prunorum McAlpine
- Fusarium pusillum Wollenw.
- Fusarium putrefaciens Osterw.
- Fusarium redolens Wollenw.
- Fusarium reticulatum Mont.
- Fusarium rhizochromatistes Sideris
- Fusarium rhizophilum Corda
- Fusarium rhodellum McAlpine
- Fusarium roesleri Thüm.
- Fusarium rostratum Appel & Wollenw.
- Fusarium rubiginosum Appel & Wollenw.
- Fusarium rubrum Parav.
- Fusarium samoense Gehrm.
- Fusarium scirpi Lambotte & Fautrey
- Fusarium secalis Jacz.
- Fusarium spinaciae Hungerf.
- Fusarium sporotrichioides Sherb.
- Fusarium stercoris Fuckel
- Fusarium stilboides Wollenw.
- Fusarium stillatum De Not. ex Sacc.
- Fusarium sublunatum Reinking
- Fusarium succisae Schröt. ex Sacc.
- Fusarium tabacivorum Delacr.
- Fusarium trichothecioides Wollenw.
- Fusarium tritici Liebman
- Fusarium tuberivorum Wilcox & G.K. Link
- Fusarium tumidum var. humi Reinking
- Fusarium ustilaginis Kellerm. & Swingle
- Fusarium viticola Thüm.
- Fusarium werrikimbe J.L. Walsh, L.W. Burgess, E.C.Y. Liew & B.A. Summerell
- Fusarium willkommii Lindau
- Fusarium xylarioides Steyaert
- Fusarium zygopetali Delacr.
- Fusicolla meniscoidea L. Lombard & Sand.-Den.
- Fusicolla quarantenae J.D.P. Bezerra, Sand.-Den., Crous & Souza-Motta
- Fusicolla sporellula Sand.-Den. & L. Lombard
- Fusisporium andropogonis Cooke ex Thüm.
- Fusisporium anthophilum A. Braun
- Fusisporium arundinis Corda
- Fusisporium avenaceum Fr.
- Fusisporium clypeaster Corda
- Fusisporium culmorum Wm.G. Sm.
- Fusisporium didymum Harting
- Fusisporium elasticae Thüm.
- Fusisporium episphaericum Cooke & Ellis
- Fusisporium flavidum Bonord.
- Fusisporium hordei Wm.G. Sm.
- Fusisporium incarnatum Roberge ex Desm.
- Fusisporium lolii Wm.G. Sm.
- Fusisporium pandani Corda
- Gibberella phyllostachydicola W. Yamam.
- Hymenella aurea (Corda) L. Lombard
- Hymenella spermogoniopsis (Jul. Müll.) L. Lombard & Sand.-Den.
- Luteonectria Sand.-Den., L. Lombard, Schroers & Rossman
- Luteonectria albida (Rossman) Sand.-Den. & L. Lombard
- Luteonectria nematophila (Nirenberg & Hagedorn) Sand.-Den. & L. Lombard
- Macroconia bulbipes Crous & Sand.-Den.
- Macroconia phlogioides Sand.-Den. & Crous
- Menispora penicillata Harz
- Multi-gene phylogeny
- Mycotoxins
- Nectriaceae
- Neocosmospora
- Neocosmospora epipeda Quaedvl. & Sand.-Den.
- Neocosmospora floridana (T. Aoki et al.) L. Lombard & Sand.-Den.
- Neocosmospora merkxiana Quaedvl. & Sand.-Den.
- Neocosmospora neerlandica Crous & Sand.-Den.
- Neocosmospora nelsonii Crous & Sand.-Den.
- Neocosmospora obliquiseptata (T. Aoki et al.) L. Lombard & Sand.-Den.
- Neocosmospora pseudopisi Sand.-Den. & L. Lombard
- Neocosmospora rekana (Lynn & Marinc.) L. Lombard & Sand.-Den.
- Neocosmospora tuaranensis (T. Aoki et al.) L. Lombard & Sand.-Den.
- Nothofusarium Crous, Sand.-Den. & L. Lombard
- Nothofusarium devonianum L. Lombard, Crous & Sand.-Den.
- Novel taxa
- Pathogen
- Scolecofusarium L. Lombard, Sand.-Den. & Crous
- Scolecofusarium ciliatum (Link) L. Lombard, Sand.-Den. & Crous
- Selenosporium equiseti Corda
- Selenosporium hippocastani Corda
- Selenosporium sarcochroum Desm
- Selenosporium urticearum Corda.
- Setofusarium (Nirenberg & Samuels) Crous & Sand.-Den.
- Setofusarium setosum (Samuels & Nirenberg) Sand.-Den. & Crous.
- Sphaeria sanguinea var. cicatricum Berk.
- Sporotrichum poae Peck.
- Stylonectria corniculata Gräfenhan, Crous & Sand.-Den.
- Stylonectria hetmanica Akulov, Crous & Sand.-Den.
- Taxonomy
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Affiliation(s)
- P.W. Crous
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, 3508 AD, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Wageningen University and Research Centre (WUR), Laboratory of Phytopathology, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - L. Lombard
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, 3508 AD, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - M. Sandoval-Denis
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, 3508 AD, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Department of Microbial Ecology, Droevendaalsesteeg 10, 6708 PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - K.A. Seifert
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - H.-J. Schroers
- Plant Protection Department, Agricultural Institute of Slovenia, Hacquetova ulica 17, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - P. Chaverri
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
- Escuela de Biología and Centro de Investigaciones en Productos Naturales, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro, Costa Rica
| | - J. Gené
- Unitat de Micologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut i Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201, Reus, Spain
| | - J. Guarro
- Unitat de Micologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut i Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201, Reus, Spain
| | - Y. Hirooka
- Department of Clinical Plant Science, Faculty of Bioscience, Hosei University, 3-7-2 Kajino-cho, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8584, Japan
| | - K. Bensch
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, 3508 AD, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - G.H.J. Kema
- Wageningen University and Research Centre (WUR), Laboratory of Phytopathology, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - S.C. Lamprecht
- ARC-Plant Health and Protection, Private Bag X5017, Stellenbosch, 7599, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - L. Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - A.Y. Rossman
- Department of Botany & Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97330, USA
| | - M. Stadler
- Department of Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research GmbH (HZI), Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - R.C. Summerbell
- Sporometrics, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - J.W. Taylor
- Plant and Microbial Biology, 111 Koshland Hall, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720-3102, USA
| | - S. Ploch
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Center, Senckenberganlage 25, D-60325, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - C.M. Visagie
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, P. Bag X20, Hatfield, 0028, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - N. Yilmaz
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, P. Bag X20, Hatfield, 0028, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - J.C. Frisvad
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, DTU-Bioengineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - A.M. Abdel-Azeem
- Systematic Mycology Lab., Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
| | - J. Abdollahzadeh
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, P.O. Box 416, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - A. Abdolrasouli
- Department of Medical Microbiology, King's College Hospital, London, UK
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - A. Akulov
- Department of Mycology and Plant Resistance, V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Maidan Svobody 4, 61022, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - J.F. Alberts
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, P.O. Box 1906, Bellville, 7535, South Africa
| | - J.P.M. Araújo
- School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - H.A. Ariyawansa
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, College of Bio-Resources and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, No.1, Sec.4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 106, Taiwan, ROC
| | - M. Bakhshi
- Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), P.O. Box 19395-1454, Tehran, Iran
| | - M. Bendiksby
- Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Norway
- Department of Natural History, NTNU University Museum, Trondheim, Norway
| | - A. Ben Hadj Amor
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, 3508 AD, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - J.D.P. Bezerra
- Setor de Micologia/Departamento de Biociências e Tecnologia, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Rua 235 - s/n – Setor Universitário - CEP: 74605-050, Universidade Federal de Goiás/Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - T. Boekhout
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, 3508 AD, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - M.P.S. Câmara
- Departamento de Agronomia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, 52171-900, PE, Brazil
| | - M. Carbia
- Departamento de Parasitología y Micología, Instituto de Higiene, Facultad de Medicina – Universidad de la República, Av. A. Navarro 3051, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - G. Cardinali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Perugia, Via Borgo 20 Giugno, 74 Perugia, Italy
| | - R.F. Castañeda-Ruiz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fundamentales en Agricultura Tropical Alejandro de Humboldt (INIFAT), Académico Titular de la Academia de Ciencias de, Cuba
| | - A. Celis
- Grupo de Investigación Celular y Molecular de Microorganismos Patógenos (CeMoP), Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá, 111711, Colombia
| | - V. Chaturvedi
- Mycology Laboratory, New York State Department of Health Wadsworth Center, Albany, NY, USA
| | - J. Collemare
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, 3508 AD, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - D. Croll
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Genetics, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchatel, CH-2000, Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - U. Damm
- Senckenberg Museum of Natural History Görlitz, PF 300 154, 02806, Görlitz, Germany
| | - C.A. Decock
- Mycothèque de l'Université catholique de Louvain (MUCL, BCCMTM), Earth and Life Institute – ELIM – Mycology, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 2 bte L7.05.06, B-1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - R.P. de Vries
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, 3508 AD, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - C.N. Ezekiel
- Department of Microbiology, Babcock University, Ilishan Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - X.L. Fan
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - N.B. Fernández
- Laboratorio de Micología Clínica, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - E. Gaya
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3DS, UK
| | - C.D. González
- Laboratorio de Salud de Bosques y Ecosistemas, Instituto de Conservación, Biodiversidad y Territorio, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Austral de Chile, casilla 567, Valdivia, Chile
| | - D. Gramaje
- Institute of Grapevine and Wine Sciences (ICVV), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)-University of La Rioja-Government of La Rioja, Logroño, 26007, Spain
| | - J.Z. Groenewald
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, 3508 AD, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - M. Grube
- Institut für Biologie, Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz, Holteigasse 6, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - M. Guevara-Suarez
- Applied genomics research group, Universidad de los Andes, Cr 1 # 18 a 12, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - V.K. Gupta
- Center for Safe and Improved Food, Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, UK
- Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research Center, Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, UK
| | - V. Guarnaccia
- Department of Agricultural, Forestry and Food Sciences (DISAFA), University of Torino, Largo P. Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | | | - F. Hagen
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, 3508 AD, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - D. Haelewaters
- Research Group Mycology, Department of Biology, Ghent University, 35 K.L. Ledeganckstraat, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - K. Hansen
- Department of Botany, Swedish Museum of Natural History, P.O. Box 50007, SE-104 05, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A. Hashimoto
- Microbe Division/Japan Collection of Microorganisms RIKEN BioResource Research Center, 3-1-1 Koyadai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0074, Japan
| | | | - J. Houbraken
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, 3508 AD, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - V. Hubka
- Department of Botany, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - K.D. Hyde
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chaing Rai, 57100, Thailand
| | - T. Iturriaga
- Cornell University, 334 Plant Science Building, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
| | - R. Jeewon
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Mauritius, Reduit, Mauritius
| | - P.R. Johnston
- Manaaki Whenua Landcare Research, Private Bag 92170, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Ž. Jurjević
- EMSL Analytical, Inc., 200 Route 130 North, Cinnaminson, NJ, 08077, USA
| | - İ. Karalti
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Yeditepe University, Turkey
| | - L. Korsten
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, P. Bag X20 Hatfield, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa
| | - E.E. Kuramae
- Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Department of Microbial Ecology, Droevendaalsesteeg 10, 6708 PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands
- Institute of Environmental Biology, Ecology and Biodiversity, Utrecht University, 3584 CH, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - I. Kušan
- Laboratory for Biological Diversity, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - R. Labuda
- University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna (VetMed), Institute of Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna and BiMM – Bioactive Microbial Metabolites group, 3430 Tulln a.d. Donau, Austria
| | - D.P. Lawrence
- University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - H.B. Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biological Chemistry, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Yongbong-Dong 300, Buk-Gu, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
| | - C. Lechat
- Ascofrance, 64 route de Chizé, 79360, Villiers-en-Bois, France
| | - H.Y. Li
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Ministry of Agriculture, The Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Y.A. Litovka
- V.N. Sukachev Institute of Forest SB RAS, Laboratory of Reforestation, Mycology and Plant Pathology, Krasnoyarsk, 660036, Russia
- Reshetnev Siberian State University of Science and Technology, Department of Chemical Technology of Wood and Biotechnology, Krasnoyarsk, 660037, Russia
| | - S.S.N. Maharachchikumbura
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Y. Marin-Felix
- Department of Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research GmbH (HZI), Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - B. Matio Kemkuignou
- Department of Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research GmbH (HZI), Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - N. Matočec
- Laboratory for Biological Diversity, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - A.R. McTaggart
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Ecosciences Precinct, G.P.O. Box 267, Brisbane, 4001, Australia
| | - P. Mlčoch
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - L. Mugnai
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Forestry Science and Technology (DAGRI), Plant Pathology and Entomology section, University of Florence, P.le delle Cascine 28, 50144, Firenze, Italy
| | - C. Nakashima
- Graduate school of Bioresources, Mie University, Kurima-machiya 1577, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - R.H. Nilsson
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Center at the Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 461, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - S.R. Noumeur
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, University of Batna 2, Batna, 05000, Algeria
| | - I.N. Pavlov
- V.N. Sukachev Institute of Forest SB RAS, Laboratory of Reforestation, Mycology and Plant Pathology, Krasnoyarsk, 660036, Russia
- Reshetnev Siberian State University of Science and Technology, Department of Chemical Technology of Wood and Biotechnology, Krasnoyarsk, 660037, Russia
| | - M.P. Peralta
- Laboratorio de Micodiversidad y Micoprospección, PROIMI-CONICET, Av. Belgrano y Pje. Caseros, Argentina
| | - A.J.L. Phillips
- Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências, Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - J.I. Pitt
- Microbial Screening Technologies, 28 Percival Rd, Smithfield, NSW, 2164, Australia
| | - G. Polizzi
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente, sez. Patologia vegetale, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 100, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - W. Quaedvlieg
- Phytopathology, Van Zanten Breeding B.V., Lavendelweg 15, 1435 EW, Rijsenhout, the Netherlands
| | - K.C. Rajeshkumar
- National Fungal Culture Collection of India (NFCCI), Biodiversity and Palaeobiology (Fungi) Group, Agharkar Research Institute, Pune, Maharashtra, 411 004, India
| | - S. Restrepo
- Laboratory of Mycology and Phytopathology – (LAMFU), Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Cr 1 # 18 a 12, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - A. Rhaiem
- Plant Pathology and Population Genetics, Laboratory of Microorganisms, National Gene Bank, Tunisia
| | | | - V. Robert
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, 3508 AD, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - A.M. Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Emerging Fungal Pathogens, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Discipline of Cellular Biology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, 04023062, Brazil
| | - C. Salgado-Salazar
- USDA-ARS Mycology & Nematology Genetic Diversity & Biology Laboratory, Bldg. 010A, Rm. 212, BARC-West, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA
| | - R.A. Samson
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, 3508 AD, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - A.C.S. Santos
- Departamento de Micologia Prof. Chaves Batista, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Centro de Biociências, Cidade Universitária, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, s/n, Recife, PE, CEP: 50670-901, Brazil
| | - R.G. Shivas
- Centre for Crop Health, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, 4350, Queensland, Australia
| | - C.M. Souza-Motta
- Departamento de Micologia Prof. Chaves Batista, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Centro de Biociências, Cidade Universitária, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, s/n, Recife, PE, CEP: 50670-901, Brazil
| | - G.Y. Sun
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - W.J. Swart
- Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa
| | | | - Y.P. Tan
- Centre for Crop Health, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, 4350, Queensland, Australia
- Queensland Plant Pathology Herbarium, Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Dutton Park, Queensland, 4102, Australia
| | - J.E. Taylor
- Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 20A Inverleith Row, Edinburgh, EH3 5LR, United Kingdom
| | - P.W.J. Taylor
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - P.V. Tiago
- Departamento de Micologia Prof. Chaves Batista, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Centro de Biociências, Cidade Universitária, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, s/n, Recife, PE, CEP: 50670-901, Brazil
| | - K.Z. Váczy
- Food and Wine Research Institute, Eszterházy Károly University, 6 Leányka Street, H-3300, Eger, Hungary
| | | | - N.A. van der Merwe
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, P. Bag X20, Hatfield, 0028, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - G.J.M. Verkley
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, 3508 AD, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - W.A.S. Vieira
- Departamento de Agronomia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, 52171-900, PE, Brazil
| | - A. Vizzini
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino and Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (IPSP-SS Turin), C.N.R, Viale P.A. Mattioli, 25, I-10125, Torino, Italy
| | - B.S. Weir
- Manaaki Whenua Landcare Research, Private Bag 92170, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - N.N. Wijayawardene
- Center for Yunnan Plateau Biological Resources Protection and Utilization, College of Biological Resource and Food Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, Yunnan, 655011, China
| | - J.W. Xia
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
| | - M.J. Yáñez-Morales
- Fitosanidad, Colegio de Postgraduados-Campus Montecillo, Montecillo-Texcoco, 56230 Edo. de Mexico, Mexico
| | - A. Yurkov
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures GmbH, Inhoffenstrasse 7 B, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - J.C. Zamora
- Museum of Evolution, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 16, SE-752 36, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - R. Zare
- Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), P.O. Box 19395-1454, Tehran, Iran
| | - C.L. Zhang
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, No. 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - M. Thines
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Center, Senckenberganlage 25, D-60325, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main, Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Max-von-Laue Str. 13, D-60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- LOEWE Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics, Georg-Voigt-Str. 14-16, D-60325, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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3
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Sultana S, Bao W, Shimizu M, Kageyama K, Suga H. Frequency of three mutations in the fumonisin biosynthetic gene cluster of Fusarium fujikuroi that are predicted to block fumonisin production. WORLD MYCOTOXIN J 2021. [DOI: 10.3920/wmj2020.2572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Fusarium fujikuroi is the most prominent pathogen found in rice. In addition to gibberellin, F. fujikuroi produces various secondary metabolites, including the polyketide mycotoxins, fumonisins. Fumonisin production is conferred by the fumonisin biosynthetic gene (FUM) cluster consisting of 15-17 genes. F. fujikuroi is phylogenetically subclassified into one group with fumonisin production (F-group) and another group in which fumonisin production is undetectable (G-group). In a previous study, a G-to-T substitution (FUM21_G2551T) in the FUM cluster transcription factor gene, FUM21, was identified as a cause of fumonisin-non-production in a G-group strain. In the current study, further analysis of G-group strains identified two additional mutations that involved FUM-cluster genes essential for fumonisin production: (1) a 22.4-kbp deletion in the FUM10-FUM19 region; and (2) a 1.4-kbp insertion in FUM6. PCR analysis of 44 G-group strains, indicated that 84% had the FUM21_G2551T mutation, 50% had the 22.4-kbp FUM10-FUM19 deletion, and 32% had the 1.4-kbp insertion in FUM6, and some strains had two or all the mutations. None of the mutations were detected in the 51 F-group strains examined. Each of the three mutations alone could account for the lack of fumonisin production in G-group strains. However, one G-group strain did not have any of the mutations. Therefore, another mutation(s) is likely responsible for the lack of fumonisin production in some G-group strains of F. fujikuroi.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Sultana
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - W.X. Bao
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - M. Shimizu
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - K. Kageyama
- River Basin Research Center, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - H. Suga
- Life Science Research Center, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
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High-Resolution Melting (HRM) Curve Assay for the Identification of Eight Fusarium Species Causing Ear Rot in Maize. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9040270. [PMID: 32272731 PMCID: PMC7238191 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9040270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Maize plants are often infected with fungal pathogens of the genus Fusarium. Taxonomic characterization of these species by microscopic examination of pure cultures or assignment to mating populations is time-consuming and requires specific expertise. Reliable taxonomic assignment may be strengthened by the analysis of DNA sequences. Species-specific PCR assays are available for most Fusarium pathogens, but the number of species that infect maize increases the labor and costs required for analysis. In this work, a diagnostic assay for major Fusarium pathogens of maize based on the analysis of melting curves of PCR amplicons was established. Short segments of genes RPB2 and TEF-1α, which have been widely used in molecular taxonomy of Fusarium, were amplified with universal primers in a real-time thermocycler and high-resolution melting (HRM) curves of the products were recorded. Among major Fusarium pathogens of maize ears, F. cerealis, F. culmorum, F. graminearum, F. equiseti, F. poae, F. temperatum, F. tricinctum, and F. verticillioides, all species except for the pair F. culmorum/F. graminearum could be distinguished by HRM analysis of a 304 bp segment of the RPB2 gene. The latter two species could be differentiated by HRM analysis of a 247 bp segment of the TEF-1α gene. The assay was validated with DNA extracted from pure cultures of fungal strains, successfully applied to total DNA extracted from infected maize ears and also to fungal mycelium that was added directly to the PCR master mix ("colony PCR"). HRM analysis thus offers a cost-efficient method suitable for the diagnosis of multiple fungal pathogens.
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Deepa N, Sreenivasa M. Molecular methods and key genes targeted for the detection of fumonisin producing Fusarium verticillioides – An updated review. FOOD BIOSCI 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2019.100473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Montoya-Martínez AC, Rodríguez-Alvarado G, Fernández-Pavía SP, Proctor RH, Kim HS, O'Donnell K. Design and validation of a robust multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay for MAT idiomorph within the Fusarium fujikuroi species complex. Mycologia 2019; 111:772-781. [PMID: 31487230 DOI: 10.1080/00275514.2019.1649956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
We discovered that published polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays for determining mating type (MAT) idiomorph failed to genotype some of the Fusarium fujikuroi species complex (FFSC) isolates recovered from Mangifera indica (mango), Swietenia macrophylla (big-leaf mahogany), Annona muricata (soursop), Bursera sp., and Tabebuia sp. in Mexico. Thus, the primary objective of this study was to design and validate a robust multiplex PCR-based diagnostic for typing MAT within the FFSC. To accomplish this objective, we mined the MAT1-1 or MAT1-2 locus from the genomes of 60 FFSC isolates, representing 56 phylospecies, and from four species in its sister group, the F. nisikadoi species complex (FNSC). Bioinformatic searches were facilitated by targeting DNA lyase (SLA2) and apurinic endonuclease (APN1), the genes that flank the MAT locus in Fusarium. As expected, three genes were identified within MAT1-1 (MAT1-1-1, MAT1-1-2, and MAT1-1-3) and two in MAT1-2 (MAT1-2-1 and MAT1-2-9), using the ab initio prediction tool AUGUSTUS. Of the three multiplex PCR assays we designed and tested, the one targeting MAT1-1-2 and MAT1-2-1 successfully genotyped the entire 71-isolate validation panel, which included 56 FFSC and 4 FNSC phylospecies. By contrast, the published PCR assays we tested produced positive genotypes for only 46.5-59% of the 71-isolate validation panel, but only when they were run as a uniplex assay. Although only one-fifth of the FFSC/FNSC are known to reproduce sexually, our results suggest that if they possess a sexual cycle, it is heterothallic (self-sterile).
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia C Montoya-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Patología Vegetal, IIAF, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo , Km. 9.5 Carr. Morelia-Zinapécuaro, Michoacán 58880 , Mexico
| | - Gerardo Rodríguez-Alvarado
- Laboratorio de Patología Vegetal, IIAF, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo , Km. 9.5 Carr. Morelia-Zinapécuaro, Michoacán 58880 , Mexico
| | - Sylvia P Fernández-Pavía
- Laboratorio de Patología Vegetal, IIAF, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo , Km. 9.5 Carr. Morelia-Zinapécuaro, Michoacán 58880 , Mexico
| | - Robert H Proctor
- Mycotoxin Prevention and Applied Microbiology Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture , Peoria , Illinois 61604-3999
| | - Hye-Seon Kim
- Mycotoxin Prevention and Applied Microbiology Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture , Peoria , Illinois 61604-3999
| | - Kerry O'Donnell
- Mycotoxin Prevention and Applied Microbiology Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture , Peoria , Illinois 61604-3999
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Mohamed Nor NMI, Salleh B, Leslie JF. Fusarium Species from Sorghum in Thailand. THE PLANT PATHOLOGY JOURNAL 2019; 35:301-312. [PMID: 31481853 PMCID: PMC6706015 DOI: 10.5423/ppj.oa.03.2019.0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Sorghum is the fifth most important cereal worldwide, spreading from Africa throughout the world. It is particularly important in the semi-arid tropics due to its drought tolerance, and when cultivated in Southeast Asia commonly occurs as a second crop during the dry season. We recovered Fusarium from sorghum in Thailand and found F. proliferatum, F. thapsinum and F. verticillioides most frequently, and intermittent isolates of F. sacchari and F. beomiforme. The relatively high frequencies of F. proliferatum and F. verticillioides, suggest mycotoxin contamination, particularly fumonisins and moniliformin, should be evaluated. Genetic variation within the three commonly recovered species was characterized with vegetative compatibility, mating type, Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphisms (AFLPs), and female fertility. Effective population number (N e ) was highest for F. verticillioides and lowest for F. thapsinum with values based on mating type allele frequencies higher than those based on female fertility. Based on AFLP genetic variation, the F. thapsinum populations were the most closely related, the F. verticillioides populations were the most distantly related, and the F. proliferatum populations were in an intermediate position. The genetic variation observed could result if F. thapsinum is introduced primarily with seed, while F. proliferatum and F. verticillioides could arrive with seed or be carried over from previous crops, e.g., rice or maize, which sorghum is following. Confirmation of species transmission patterns is needed to understand the agricultural systems in which sorghum is grown in Southeast Asia, which are quite different from the systems found in Africa, Australia, India and the Americas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nik M. I. Mohamed Nor
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506,
USA
- School of Biological Science, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang,
Malaysia
| | - Baharuddin Salleh
- School of Biological Science, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang,
Malaysia
| | - John F. Leslie
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506,
USA
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Marasas WFO, Rheeder JP, Lamprecht SC, Zeller KA, Leslie JF. Fusarium andiyazi sp. nov., a new species from sorghum. Mycologia 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00275514.2001.12063254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Walter F. O. Marasas
- Programme on Mycotoxins and Experimental Carcinogenesis (PROMEC), Medical Research Council, P. O. Box 19070, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa
| | - John P. Rheeder
- Programme on Mycotoxins and Experimental Carcinogenesis (PROMEC), Medical Research Council, P. O. Box 19070, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa
| | - Sandra C. Lamprecht
- Plant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Council, Private Bag X5017, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa
| | - Kurt A. Zeller
- Department of Plant Pathology, Throckmorton Plant Sciences Center, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506-5502
| | - John F. Leslie
- Department of Plant Pathology, Throckmorton Plant Sciences Center, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506-5502
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9
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Zhou H, He X, Wang S, Ma Q, Sun B, Ding S, Chen L, Zhang M, Li H. Diversity of the Fusarium pathogens associated with crown rot in the Huanghuai wheat-growing region of China. Environ Microbiol 2019; 21:2740-2754. [PMID: 30897256 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.14602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the distribution and diversity of the pathogens associated with Fusarium crown rot in the Huanghuai wheat-growing region (HHWGR) of China, we collected wheat samples with symptomatic stem bases from seven provinces in the HHWGR between 2013 and 2016. A total of 1196 isolates obtained from 222 locations were identified as 9 Fusarium species based on morphological and molecular identification. Of these pathogen species, F. pseudograminearum was the dominant species. Furthermore, F. sinensis was isolated from the disease specimens and tested for virulence to wheat. The result of the pathogenicity revealed that an intraspecific differentiation existed in F. pseudograminearum; sequence analysis of the EF-1α gene showed that 194 F. pseudograminearum isolates were differentiated into two distinct clades which closed to the strains from Australia and China respectively, but neither pathogenicity nor EF-1α sequence was related to the geographic origins of these isolates. However, universal rice primers-polymerase chain reaction showed a correlation with the geographical origins of the 194 isolates, which were divided into eight subclusters, the level of genetic diversity was higher within a geographical population than among the different populations. The results of these analyses can be directly used to facilitate disease monitoring and development of control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Zhou
- Department of Plant Pathology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China
| | - Xiaolun He
- Department of Plant Pathology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China
| | - Qingzhou Ma
- Department of Plant Pathology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China
| | - Bingjian Sun
- Department of Plant Pathology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China
| | - Shengli Ding
- Department of Plant Pathology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of HenanGrain Crops, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China
| | - Linlin Chen
- Department of Plant Pathology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China.,National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China
| | - Honglian Li
- Department of Plant Pathology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China.,National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of HenanGrain Crops, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China
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10
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Deepa N, Rakesh S, Sreenivasa MY. Morphological, pathological and mycotoxicological variations among Fusarium verticillioides isolated from cereals. 3 Biotech 2018; 8:105. [PMID: 29430366 PMCID: PMC5794680 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-018-1136-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the 194 Fusarium verticillioides isolates screened from 127 cereal samples, 176 were fumonisin producers and others were non-producers. Representative nine Fusarium verticillioides strains along with one reference standard strain MTCC156 were selected to study their morphological, pathological and mycotoxicological variations by conventional and molecular approaches. Fusarium verticillioides strains FVM86, FVM146, FV200 and FVS3 showed significant pathogenicity and also in pigmentation production but varied in fumonisin production. Fusarium verticillioides strain FVP19 recorded variations in all the assays. Fusarium verticillioides strain FVM42 showed drastic phenotypic variation and it also produced fumonisin. Genetic variation among the strains was independent of geographic area of origin but depended on their ability to produce fumonisin. The strains were independent in their cultural characteristics, pigmentation production, pathogenicity assays, fumonisin production and in their genetic variability without having any correlation.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Deepa
- Department of Studies in Microbiology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore, Karnataka 570 006 India
| | - S. Rakesh
- Department of Studies in Microbiology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore, Karnataka 570 006 India
| | - M. Y. Sreenivasa
- Department of Studies in Microbiology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore, Karnataka 570 006 India
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11
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Hilton A, Zhang H, Yu W, Shim WB. Identification and Characterization of Pathogenic and Endophytic Fungal Species Associated with Pokkah Boeng Disease of Sugarcane. THE PLANT PATHOLOGY JOURNAL 2017; 33:238-248. [PMID: 28592943 PMCID: PMC5461043 DOI: 10.5423/ppj.oa.02.2017.0029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Pokkah Boeng is a serious disease of sugarcane, which can lead to devastating yield losses in crop-producing regions, including southern China. However, there is still uncertainty about the causal agent of the disease. Our aim was to isolate and characterize the pathogen through morphological, physiological, and molecular analyses. We isolated sugarcane-colonizing fungi in Fujian, China. Isolated fungi were first assessed for their cell wall degrading enzyme capabilities, and five isolates were identified for further analysis. Internal transcribed spacer sequencing revealed that these five strains are Fusarium, Alternaria, Phoma, Phomopsis, and Epicoccum. The Fusarium isolate was further identified as F. verticillioides after Calmodulin and EF-1α gene sequencing and microscopic morphology study. Pathogenicity assay confirmed that F. verticillioides was directly responsible for disease on sugarcane. Co-inoculation of F. verticillioides with other isolated fungi did not lead to a significant difference in disease severity, refuting the idea that other cellulolytic fungi can increase disease severity as an endophyte. This is the first report characterizing pathogenic F. verticillioides on sugarcane in southern China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelyn Hilton
- Department of Plant Pathology & Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2132,
USA
| | - Huanming Zhang
- Bioenvironmental Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2132,
USA
| | - Wenying Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, People’s Republic of
China
| | - Won-Bo Shim
- Department of Plant Pathology & Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2132,
USA
- Bioenvironmental Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2132,
USA
- Corresponding author: Phone) +1-979-458-2190, FAX) +1-979-845-6483, E-mail)
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12
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Zeller KA, Summerell BA, Bullock S, Leslie JF. Gibberella konza(Fusarium konzum) sp. nov. from prairie grasses, a new species in theGibberella fujikuroispecies complex. Mycologia 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/15572536.2004.11833053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kurt A. Zeller
- Department of Plant Pathology, Throckmorton Plant Sciences Center, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506-5502
| | | | - Suzanne Bullock
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Mrs. Macquaries Road, Sydney, New South Wales 2000, Australia
| | - John F. Leslie
- Department of Plant Pathology, Throckmorton Plant Sciences Center, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506-5502
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13
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Saleh AA, Leslie JF. Cephalosporium maydisis a distinct species in theGaeumannomyces-Harpophoraspecies complex. Mycologia 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/15572536.2005.11832879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - John F. Leslie
- Department of Plant Pathology, Throckmorton Plant Sciences Center, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506-5502
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14
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Leslie JF, Summerell BA, Bullock S, Doe FJ. Description ofGibberella sacchariand neotypification of its anamorphFusarium sacchari. Mycologia 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/15572536.2006.11832801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John F. Leslie
- Department of Plant Pathology, Throckmorton Plant Sciences Center, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506-5502
| | | | - Suzanne Bullock
- Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust, Mrs. Macquaries Road, Sydney, New South Wales 2000, Australia
| | - Frank J. Doe
- Department of Biology, University of Dallas, Irving, Texas 75061
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15
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Crespo M, Cazorla FM, de Vicente A, Arrebola E, Torés JA, Maymon M, Freeman S, Aoki T, O'Donnell K. Analysis of Genetic Diversity of Fusarium tupiense, the Main Causal Agent of Mango Malformation Disease in Southern Spain. PLANT DISEASE 2016; 100:276-286. [PMID: 30694154 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-02-15-0153-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Mango malformation disease (MMD) has become an important global disease affecting this crop. The aim of this study was to identify the main causal agents of MMD in the Axarquía region of southern Spain and determine their genetic diversity. Fusarium mangiferae was previously described in the Axarquía region but it represented only one-third of the fusaria recovered from malformed trees. In the present work, fusaria associated with MMD were analyzed by arbitrary primed polymerase chain reaction (ap-PCR), random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), vegetative compatibility grouping (VCG), a PCR screen for mating type idiomorph, and phylogenetic analyses of multilocus DNA sequence data to identify and characterize the genetic diversity of the MMD pathogens. These analyses confirmed that 92 of the isolates were F. tupiense, which was previously only known from Brazil and Senegal. In addition, two isolates of a putatively novel MMD pathogen were discovered, nested within the African clade of the Fusarium fujikuroi species complex. The F. tupiense isolates all belonged to VCG I, which was first described in Brazil, and the 11 isolates tested showed pathogenicity on mango seedlings. Including the prior discovery of F. mangiferae, three exotic MMD pathogenic species have been found in southern Spain, which suggests multiple independent introductions of MMD pathogens in the Axarquía region.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Crespo
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea "La Mayora", Universidad de Málaga, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29071, Málaga, Spain
| | - F M Cazorla
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea "La Mayora", Universidad de Málaga, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29071, Málaga, Spain
| | - A de Vicente
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea "La Mayora", Universidad de Málaga, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29071, Málaga, Spain
| | - E Arrebola
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea "La Mayora", Universidad de Málaga, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Estación Experimental La Mayora, Algarrobo-Costa, 29750, Málaga, Spain
| | - J A Torés
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea "La Mayora", Universidad de Málaga, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Estación Experimental La Mayora, Algarrobo-Costa, 29750, Málaga, Spain
| | - M Maymon
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), The Volcani Center; Bet Dagan 50250, Israel
| | - S Freeman
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), The Volcani Center; Bet Dagan 50250, Israel
| | - T Aoki
- Genetic Resources Center (MAFF), National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, 2-1-2, Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602 Japan
| | - K O'Donnell
- Bacterial Foodborne Pathogens and Mycology Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, NCAUR, Peoria, IL 61604
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16
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Mating type and spore killing characterization of Fusarium verticillioides strains. Mycol Prog 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11557-015-1045-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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17
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Mirete S, Patiño B, Jurado M, Vázquez C, González-Jaén MT. Structural variation and dynamics of the nuclear ribosomal intergenic spacer region in key members of the Gibberella fujikuroi species complex. Genome 2013; 56:205-13. [PMID: 23706073 DOI: 10.1139/gen-2013-0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The intergenic spacer (IGS) region of the ribosomal DNA was cloned and sequenced in eight species within the Gibberella fujikuroi species complex with anamorphs in the genus Fusarium, a group that includes the most relevant toxigenic species. DNA sequence analyses revealed two categories of repeated elements: long repeats and short repeats of 125 and 8 bp, respectively. Long repeats were present in two copies and were conserved in all the species analyzed, whereas different numbers of short repeat elements were observed, leading to species-specific IGS sequences with different length. In Fusarium subglutinans and Fusarium nygamai, these differences seemed to be the result of duplication and deletion events. Here, we propose a model based on unequal crossing over that can explain these processes. The partial IGS sequence of 22 Fusarium proliferatum isolates was also obtained to study variation at the intraspecific level. The results revealed no differences in terms of number or pattern of repeated elements and detected frequent gene conversion events. These results suggest that the homogenization observed at the intraspecific level might not be achieved primarily by unequal crossing-over events but rather by processes associated with recombination such as gene conversion events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvador Mirete
- Department of Molecular Evolution, Centro de Astrobiología, CSIC-INTA, Torrejón de Ardoz, 28850 Madrid, Spain.
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18
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Kaneko I, Iyama-Kadono M, Togashi-Nishigata K, Yamaguchi I, Teraoka T, Arie T. Heterotrimeric G protein β subunit GPB1 and MAP kinase MPK1 regulate hyphal growth and female fertility in Fusarium sacchari. MYCOSCIENCE 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.myc.2012.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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19
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Queiroz CB, Miranda EC, Hanada RE, Sousa NR, Gasparotto L, Soares MA, Silva GF. Distribution of mating-type alleles and M13 PCR markers in the black leaf spot fungus Mycosphaerella fijiensis of bananas in Brazil. GENETICS AND MOLECULAR RESEARCH 2013; 12:443-52. [PMID: 23420369 DOI: 10.4238/2013.february.8.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The fungus Mycosphaerella fijiensis is the causative agent of black sigatoka, which is one of the most destructive diseases of banana plants. Infection with this pathogen results in underdeveloped fruit, with no commercial value. We analyzed the distribution of the M. fijiensis mating-type system and its genetic variability using M13 phage DNA markers. We found a 1:1 distribution of mating-type alleles, indicating MAT1-1 and MAT1-2 idiomorphs. A polymorphism analysis using three different primers for M13 markers showed that only the M13 minisatellite primers generated polymorphic products. We then utilized this polymorphism to characterize 40 isolates from various Brazilian states. The largest genetic distances were found between isolates from the same location and between isolates from different parts of the country. Therefore, there was no correlation between the genetic similarity and the geographic origin of the isolates. The M13 marker was used to generate genetic fingerprints for five isolates; these fingerprints were compared with the band profiles obtained from inter-simple sequence repeat (UBC861) and inter-retrotransposon amplified polymorphism analyses. We found that the M13 marker was more effective than the other two markers for differentiating these isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- C B Queiroz
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Embrapa Amazônia Ocidental, Manaus, AM, Brasil
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20
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Southwood MJ, Viljoen A, Mostert L, Rose LJ, McLeod A. Phylogenetic and Biological Characterization of Fusarium oxysporum Isolates Associated with Onion in South Africa. PLANT DISEASE 2012; 96:1250-1261. [PMID: 30727153 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-10-11-0820-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cepae causes Fusarium basal rot of onion, a disease of worldwide importance. Limited information is available on the phylogenetic diversity, vegetative compatibility groups (VCGs), mating type idiomorphs, and virulence of F. oxysporum isolates associated with onion. Therefore, these characteristics were investigated in 19 F. oxysporum f. sp. cepae isolates from Colorado, 27 F. oxysporum f. sp. cepae and 33 F. oxysporum isolates nonpathogenic to onion from South Africa. Six F. oxysporum f. sp. cepae VCGs (0421 to 0426) were identified, of which three were new. The dominant VCGs in Colorado and South Africa were VCG 0421 (47% of isolates) and VCG 0425 (74%), respectively. VCG 0423 was the only VCG that was shared between the two regions. Molecular phylogenies (intergenic spacer region of the rDNA, elongation factor 1α, and mitochondrial small-subunit) confirmed the polyphyletic nature of F. oxysporum f. sp. cepae and showed that some F. oxysporum f. sp. cepae and nonpathogenic F. oxysporum isolates were genetically related. Most F. oxysporum f. sp. cepae isolates clustered into two distinct, well-supported clades. The largest clade only contained highly virulent isolates, including the two main VCGs (0421 and 0425), whereas the basal clade mostly contained moderately virulent isolates. These groupings along with the VCG data provide an important basis for selection of isolates for use in breeding programs, and for the development of molecular makers to identify VCGs. Mating type genotyping revealed the distribution of both mating type (MAT1-1 and MAT1-2) idiomorphs across phylogenetic clades, and the fact that several isolates contained both idiomorphs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Southwood
- Department of Plant Pathology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7600, South Africa
| | - Altus Viljoen
- Department of Plant Pathology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7600, South Africa
| | - Lizel Mostert
- Department of Plant Pathology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7600, South Africa
| | - Lindy J Rose
- Department of Plant Pathology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7600, South Africa
| | - Adéle McLeod
- Department of Plant Pathology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7600, South Africa
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21
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Sikhakolli UR, López-Giráldez F, Li N, Common R, Townsend JP, Trail F. Transcriptome analyses during fruiting body formation in Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium verticillioides reflect species life history and ecology. Fungal Genet Biol 2012; 49:663-73. [PMID: 22705880 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2012.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2012] [Revised: 05/14/2012] [Accepted: 05/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium graminearum and F. verticillioides are devastating cereal pathogens with very different life history and ecological characteristics. F. graminearum is homothallic, and sexual spores are an important component of its life cycle, responsible for disease initiation. F. verticilloides is heterothallic, and produces only modest numbers of fruiting bodies, which are not a significant source of inoculum. To identify corresponding differences in the transcriptional program underlying fruiting body development in the two species, comparative expression was performed, analyzing six developmental stages. To accompany the transcriptional analysis, detailed morphological characterization of F. verticillioides development was performed and compared to a previous morphological analysis of F. graminearum. Morphological development was similar between the two species, except for the observation of possible trichogynes in F. verticillioides ascogonia, which have not been previously reported for any Fusarium species. Expression of over 9000 orthologous genes were measured for the two species. Functional assignments of highly expressed orthologous genes at each time-point revealed the majority of highly expressed genes fell into the "unclassified proteins" category, reflecting the lack of characterization of genes for sexual development in both species. Simultaneous examination of morphological development and stage-specific gene expression suggests that degeneration of the paraphyses during sexual development is an apoptotic process. Expression of mating type genes in the two species differed, possibly reflecting the divergent roles they play in sexual development. Overall, the differences in gene expression reflect the greater role of fruiting bodies in the life cycle and ecology of F. graminearum versus F. verticillioides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usha Rani Sikhakolli
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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22
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Irzykowska L, Bocianowski J, Waśkiewicz A, Weber Z, Karolewski Z, Goliński P, Kostecki M, Irzykowski W. Genetic variation of Fusarium oxysporum isolates forming fumonisin B(1) and moniliformin. J Appl Genet 2012; 53:237-47. [PMID: 22367665 PMCID: PMC3334483 DOI: 10.1007/s13353-012-0087-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2011] [Revised: 01/21/2012] [Accepted: 01/27/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Thirty single-spore isolates of a toxigenic fungus, Fusarium oxysporum, were isolated from asparagus spears and identified by species-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and translation elongation factor 1-α (TEF) sequence analysis. In the examined sets of F. oxysporum isolates, the DNA sequences of mating type genes (MAT) were identified. The distribution of MAT idiomorph may suggest that MAT1-2 is a predominant mating type in the F. oxysporum population. F. oxysporum is mainly recognised as a producer of moniliformin-the highly toxic secondary metabolite. Moniliformin content was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis in the range 0.05-1,007.47 μg g(-1) (mean 115.93 μg g(-1)) but, also, fumonisin B(1) was detected, in the concentration range 0.01-0.91 μg g(-1) (mean 0.19 μg g(-1)). There was no association between mating types and the mycotoxins biosynthesis level. Additionally, a significant intra-species genetic diversity was revealed and molecular markers associated with toxins biosynthesis were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Irzykowska
- Department of Phytopathology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Dąbrowskiego 159, 60-594 Poznań, Polan.
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23
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Gurung S, Goodwin SB, Kabbage M, Bockus WW, Adhikari TB. Genetic differentiation at microsatellite loci among populations of Mycosphaerella graminicola from California, Indiana, Kansas, and North Dakota. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2011; 101:1251-1259. [PMID: 21692645 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-08-10-0212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Mycosphaerella graminicola causes Septoria tritici blotch (STB) in wheat (Triticum aestivum) and is considered one of the most devastating pathogens of that crop in the United States. Although the genetic structures of M. graminicola populations from different countries have been analyzed using various molecular markers, relatively little is known about M. graminicola populations from geographically distinct areas of the United States and, in particular, of those from spring versus winter wheat. These are exposed to great differences in environmental conditions, length and season of host-free periods, and resistance sources used in geographically separated wheat breeding programs. Thus, there is more likely to be genetic differentiation between populations from spring versus winter wheat than there is among those within each region. To test this hypothesis, 330 single-spore isolates of M. graminicola representing 11 populations (1 from facultative winter wheat in California, 2 from spring wheat in North Dakota, and 8 from winter wheat in Indiana and Kansas) were analyzed for mating type frequency and for genetic variation at 17 microsatellite or simple-sequence repeat (SSR) loci. Analysis of clone-corrected data revealed an equal distribution of both mating types in the populations from Kansas, Indiana, and North Dakota, but a deviation from a 1:1 ratio in the California population. In total, 306 haplotypes were detected, almost all of which were unique in all 11 populations. High levels of gene diversity (H = 0.31 to 0.56) were observed within the 11 populations. Significant (P ≤ 0.05) gametic disequilibrium, as measured by the index of association (rBarD), was observed in California, one Indiana population (IN1), and three populations (KS1, KS2, and KS3) in Kansas that could not be explained by linkage. Corrected standardized fixation index (G″(ST)) values were 0.000 to 0.621 between the 11 populations and the majority of pairwise comparisons were statistically significant (P ≤ 0.001), suggesting some differentiation between populations. Analysis of molecular variance showed that there was a small but statistically significant level of genetic differentiation between populations from spring versus winter wheat. However, most of the total genetic variation (>98%) occurred within spring and winter wheat regions while <2% was due to genetic differentiation between these regions. Taken together, these results provide evidence that sexual recombination occurs frequently in the M. graminicola populations sampled and that most populations are genetically differentiated over the major spring- and winter-wheat-growing regions of the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suraj Gurung
- Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
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24
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Brady CR, Noll LW, Saleh AA, Little CR. Disease Severity and Microsclerotium Properties of the Sorghum Sooty Stripe Pathogen, Ramulispora sorghi. PLANT DISEASE 2011; 95:853-859. [PMID: 30731746 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-10-10-0742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Ramulispora sorghi causes sooty stripe of sorghum. Disease severity in irrigated and dryland plots was measured for 25 susceptible sorghum genotypes during the 2007 and 2008 growing seasons using a rating scale based upon percent leaf area infected. Disease severity ratings were approximately 1.4 points higher (P < 0.0001) on the rating scale in the irrigated plots than dryland plots for 2007 and 2008. Sooty stripe lesions were collected from each sorghum genotype in irrigated plots and assessed for mean microsclerotium production within lesions, microsclerotium size, and sporogenic germination, with significant differences apparent between genotypes for microsclerotium size (P = 0.01) and sporogenic germination (P = 0.01). There was no relationship between disease severity and microsclerotium production within leaf lesions, microsclerotium size, or sporogenic germination; however, there was a positive and significant correlation between microsclerotia production within a lesion and microsclerotium size (R2 = 0.19, P < 0.0001). Although microsclerotia from sorghum lesions varied in structural characteristics and their ability to produce spore masses, these qualities were dependent upon the sorghum genotype from which the microsclerotia were derived, because the R. sorghi population was genetically uniform as determined by internal transcribed spacer sequences and random amplified polymorphic DNA polymerase chain reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- C R Brady
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan
| | - L W Noll
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan
| | - A A Saleh
- Department of Plant Protection, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - C R Little
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan
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25
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Venturini G, Assante G, Toffolatti SL, Vercesi A. Mating behavior of a Northern Italian population of Fusarium verticillioides associated with maize. J Appl Genet 2011; 52:367-70. [DOI: 10.1007/s13353-011-0042-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2011] [Revised: 03/04/2011] [Accepted: 03/15/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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26
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Iturritxa E, Ganley RJ, Wright J, Heppe E, Steenkamp ET, Gordon TR, Wingfield MJ. A genetically homogenous population of Fusarium circinatum causes pitch canker of Pinus radiata in the Basque Country, Spain. Fungal Biol 2011; 115:288-95. [PMID: 21354535 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2010.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2009] [Revised: 12/22/2010] [Accepted: 12/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Pitch canker, caused by Fusarium circinatum, is a destructive disease of Pinus species and has recently been shown to represent a substantial threat to natural and commercial forests in northern Spain. The genetic diversity of F. circinatum in the Basque Country of Spain was assessed by characterising 96 isolates based on vegetative compatibility groups (VCGs), mating type assays, polymorphic DNA-markers and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analyses. For this purpose, F. circinatum isolates were collected from diseased Pinus radiata as well as from insects associated with this host. Overall, a low level of diversity was detected in the population. The isolates represented only two VCGs and they were all of the same mating type. AFLP analyses revealed three genotypes and polymorphic DNA-markers specific for F. circinatum showed nine genotypes. The most common genotypes represented 97% of all isolates for AFLP analysis and 68% of isolates for the polymorphic DNA-marker sets. Over all, this indicates that pitch canker in the Basque Country of Spain is caused by a clonally propagating population of F. circinatum, typical of a recently introduced pathogen.
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27
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Summerell BA, Leslie JF, Liew ECY, Laurence MH, Bullock S, Petrovic T, Bentley AR, Howard CG, Peterson SA, Walsh JL, Burgess LW. Fusarium species associated with plants in Australia. FUNGAL DIVERS 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s13225-010-0075-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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28
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Chiotta M, Reynoso M, Torres A, Combina M, Chulze S. Molecular characterization and toxigenic profile of Aspergillus section Nigri populations isolated from the main grape-growing regions in Argentina. J Appl Microbiol 2010; 110:445-54. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2010.04898.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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29
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Walsh JL, Laurence MH, Liew ECY, Sangalang AE, Burgess LW, Summerell BA, Petrovic T. Fusarium: two endophytic novel species from tropical grasses of northern Australia. FUNGAL DIVERS 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s13225-010-0035-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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30
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Amata RL, Burgess LW, Summerell BA, Bullock S, Liew ECY, Smith-White JL. An emended description of Fusarium brevicatenulatum and F. pseudoanthophilum based on isolates recovered from millet in Kenya. FUNGAL DIVERS 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s13225-010-0019-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Evolutionary relationships among the Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense vegetative compatibility groups. Appl Environ Microbiol 2009; 75:4770-81. [PMID: 19482953 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00370-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense, the causal agent of fusarium wilt of banana (Musa spp.), is one of the most destructive strains of the vascular wilt fungus F. oxysporum. Genetic relatedness among and within vegetative compatibility groups (VCGs) of F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense was studied by sequencing two nuclear and two mitochondrial DNA regions in a collection of 70 F. oxysporum isolates that include representatives of 20 VCGs of F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense, other formae speciales, and nonpathogens. To determine the ability of F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense to sexually recombine, crosses were made between isolates of opposite mating types. Phylogenetic analysis separated the F. oxysporum isolates into two clades and eight lineages. Phylogenetic relationships between F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense and other formae speciales of F. oxysporum and the relationships among VCGs and races of F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense clearly showed that F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense's ability to cause disease on banana has emerged multiple times, independently, and that the ability to cause disease to a specific banana cultivar is also a polyphyletic trait. These analyses further suggest that both coevolution with the host and horizontal gene transfer may have played important roles in the evolutionary history of the pathogen. All examined isolates harbored one of the two mating-type idiomorphs, but never both, which suggests a heterothallic mating system should sexual reproduction occur. Although, no sexual structures were observed, some lineages of F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense harbored MAT-1 and MAT-2 isolates, suggesting a potential that these lineages have a sexual origin that might be more recent than initially anticipated.
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Munkvold G, Logrieco A, Moretti A, Ferracane R, Ritieni A. Dominance of Group 2 and fusaproliferin production byFusarium subglutinansfrom Iowa maize. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2009; 26:388-94. [DOI: 10.1080/02652030802471239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Loss of gibberellin production in Fusarium verticillioides (Gibberella fujikuroi MP-A) is due to a deletion in the gibberellic acid gene cluster. Appl Environ Microbiol 2008; 74:7790-801. [PMID: 18952870 PMCID: PMC2607190 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01819-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fusarium verticillioides (Gibberella fujikuroi mating population A [MP-A]) is a widespread pathogen on maize and is well-known for producing fumonisins, mycotoxins that cause severe disease in animals and humans. The species is a member of the Gibberella fujikuroi species complex, which consists of at least 11 different biological species, termed MP-A to -K. All members of this species complex are known to produce a variety of secondary metabolites. The production of gibberellins (GAs), a group of diterpenoid plant hormones, is mainly restricted to Fusarium fujikuroi (G. fujikuroi MP-C) and Fusarium konzum (MP-I), although most members of the G. fujikuroi species complex contain the GA biosynthesis gene cluster or parts of it. In this work, we show that the inability to produce GAs in F. verticillioides (MP-A) is due to the loss of a majority of the GA gene cluster as found in F. fujikuroi. The remaining part of the cluster consists of the full-length F. verticillioides des gene (Fvdes), encoding the GA(4) desaturase, and the coding region of FvP450-4, encoding the ent-kaurene oxidase. Both genes share a high degree of sequence identity with the corresponding genes of F. fujikuroi. The GA production capacity of F. verticillioides was restored by transforming a cosmid with the entire GA gene cluster from F. fujikuroi, indicating the existence of an active regulation system in F. verticillioides. Furthermore, the GA(4) desaturase gene des from F. verticillioides encodes an active enzyme which was able to restore the GA production in a corresponding des deletion mutant of F. fujikuroi.
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Tsavkelova EA, Bömke C, Netrusov AI, Weiner J, Tudzynski B. Production of gibberellic acids by an orchid-associated Fusarium proliferatum strain. Fungal Genet Biol 2008; 45:1393-403. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2008.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2008] [Revised: 07/03/2008] [Accepted: 07/15/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Ádám A, Kohut G, Hornok L. Cloning and characterization of a HOG-type MAP kinase encoding gene fromFusarium proliferatum. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1556/aphyt.43.2008.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Barros GG, Chiotta ML, Reynoso MM, Torres AM, Chulze SN. Molecular characterization of Aspergillus section Flavi isolates collected from peanut fields in Argentina using AFLPs. J Appl Microbiol 2008; 103:900-9. [PMID: 17897192 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2007.03312.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The objectives of this study were: (i) to evaluate genetic relatedness among Aspergillus section Flavi strains isolated from soil and peanut seeds in Argentina; (ii) to determine if AFLP molecular markers could be useful to identify isolates up to species level, and to correlate these markers with the isolates' toxigenic potentials and/or vegetative compatibility group (VCG) affiliations. METHODS AND RESULTS Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLPs) analysis was applied to compare 82 isolates of Aspergillus section Flavi. Cluster analysis showed a clear separation of A. flavus and A. parasiticus, and comparison of fingerprints revealed several specific markers for each group of isolates. AFLP analysis indicates that no genotypical differences can be established between aflatoxigenic and nonaflatoxigenic producers in both species analysed. In addition, candidate AFLP markers associated with a particular VCG were not found. CONCLUSIONS There was a concordance between morphological identification and separation up to species level using molecular markers. The findings of specific bands for A. flavus and A. parasiticus may be useful for the design of specific PCR primers in order to differentiate these species and detect them in food. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The present study provides new data on molecular characterization of Aspergillus section Flavi in Argentina.
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Affiliation(s)
- G G Barros
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físico Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina.
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Baird R, Abbas HK, Windham G, Williams P, Baird S, Ma P, Kelley R, Hawkins L, Scruggs M. Identification of select fumonisin forming Fusarium species using PCR applications of the polyketide synthase gene and its relationship to fumonisin production in vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2008; 9:554-570. [PMID: 19325769 PMCID: PMC2635686 DOI: 10.3390/ijms9040554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2008] [Revised: 03/19/2008] [Accepted: 04/02/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based diagnostic assay was used to develop markers for detection of Fusarium verticillioides (=F. moniliforme), a fumonisin producing fungus in maize tissues. Species-specific primers were designed based on sequence data from the polyketide synthase (PKS) gene (FUM1- previously FUM5) responsible for fumonisin production in fungi. Four sets of oligonucleotide primers were tested for their specificity using 24 strains of F. verticillioides, 10 F. proliferatum, and 12 of other Fusarium species. In addition, 13 species of other fungal genera, from four phyla, were tested as negative controls. Among the four sets, primer set B consistently amplified a 419-bp fragment from the DNA 96% of all F. verticillioides strains and 83% of F. proliferatum. All other fungi tested were negative using primer set B. A total of 38% of the F. verticillioides strains grown on a selective liquid medium produced fumonisin and 92% formed the toxin on standard rice medium. When fumonisin formed in culture, PCR assay using primer set B detected every strain of F. verticillioides, but only amplified 80% of F. proliferatum strains that produced the toxin. PCR detection was consistent at 100 pg/microl concentration of genomic DNA from 4 F. verticillioides strains, but varied at 10 pg/microl. Two duplicate greenhouse tests using artificially inoculated maize plants, had greater levels of F. verticillioides detected after re-evaluting using primer set B than from culturing of the tissues. The molecular protocols described in this study requires only 1 day for completion compared to approximately 10 days for cultural work and morphological determination. In conclusion, conventional PCR assay using primer set B provides a sensitive and accurate detection assay that can be used as a primary or secondary confirmation method for identification and occurrence of F. verticillioides within the maize tissues. However, studies using primer set B for fumonisin production determined by strains of F. verticillioides and F. proliferatum will require further verification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Baird
- Entomology and Plant Pathology Department, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | | | - Gary Windham
- USDA-ARS-CHPRRU, Mississippi State, MS 39792, USA
| | | | - Sonya Baird
- Entomology and Plant Pathology Department, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - Peter Ma
- Entomology and Plant Pathology Department, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | | | | | - Mary Scruggs
- Entomology and Plant Pathology Department, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
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Female fertility and mating type distribution in a Philippine population ofFusarium verticillioides. J Appl Genet 2008; 49:123-6. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03195258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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The L-type calcium ion channel cch1 affects ascospore discharge and mycelial growth in the filamentous fungus Gibberella zeae (anamorph Fusarium graminearum). EUKARYOTIC CELL 2007; 7:415-24. [PMID: 18083828 DOI: 10.1128/ec.00248-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Cch1, a putative voltage-gated calcium ion channel, was investigated for its role in ascus development in Gibberella zeae. Gene replacement mutants of CCH1 were generated and found to have asci which did not forcibly discharge spores, although morphologically ascus and ascospore development in the majority of asci appeared normal. Additionally, mycelial growth was significantly slower, and sexual development was slightly delayed in the mutant; mutant mycelia showed a distinctive fluffy morphology, and no cirrhi were produced. Wheat infected with Deltacch1 mutants developed symptoms comparable to wheat infected with the wild type; however, the mutants showed a reduced ability to protect the infected stalk from colonization by saprobic fungi. Transcriptional analysis of gene expression in mutants using the Affymetrix Fusarium microarray showed 2,449 genes with significant, twofold or greater, changes in transcript abundance across a developmental series. This work extends the role of CCH1 to forcible spore discharge in G. zeae and suggests that this channel has subtle effects on growth and development.
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Garmaroodi HS, Taga M. Duplication of a conditionally dispensable chromosome carrying pea pathogenicity (PEP) gene clusters in Nectria haematococca. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2007; 20:1495-504. [PMID: 17990957 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-20-12-1495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A supernumerary chromosome called a conditionally dispensable chromosome (CDC) is essential for pathogenicity of Nectria haematococca on pea. Among several CDCs discovered in N. haematococca, the PDA1 CDC that harbors the pisatin demethylation gene PDA1 is one of the best-studied CDCs and serves as a model for plant-pathogenic fungi. Although the presence of multiple copies is usual for supernumerary chromosomes in other eukaryotes, this possibility has not been examined well for any CDCs in N. haematococca. In this study, we produced strains with multiple copies of the PDA1 CDC by protoplast fusion and analyzed dosage effects of this chromosome. Using multiple methods, including cytological chromosome counting and fluorescence in situ hybridization, the fusion products between two transformants derived from the same strain that bears a single PDA1 CDC were shown to contain two PDA1 CDCs from both transformants and estimated to be haploid resulting from the deletion of an extra set or sets of A chromosomes in the fused nuclei. In phenotype assays, dosage effects of PDA1 CDC in the fusion products were evident as increased virulence and homoserine-utilizing ability compared with the parents. In a separate fusion experiment, PDA1 CDC accumulated up to four copies in a haploid genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid S Garmaroodi
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Japan.
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Granjo CA, dos Reis TA, Gambale W, Corrêa B. Morphogenesis and growth kinetics of Fusarium verticillioides. Mycopathologia 2007; 164:119-26. [PMID: 17638118 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-007-9035-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2007] [Accepted: 06/06/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to analyze the growth kinetics and morphogenesis of toxigenic Fusarium verticillioides strains. Growth curves based on mycelial dry weight measured after 24, 48, and 96 h and every 4 days for a period of 60 days were obtained for each strain. The morphogenesis of this fungus was studied during its developmental stages through the fluorescent method Fluorecein Diacetate-FDA and Ethidium Bromide-EB. The growth curves of the strains usually followed a homogeneous pattern comparable to the ideal growth curve. Using the fluorescence method, non-viable cells showed a light bright red coloration and viable cells presented green fluorescence with three fluorescent patterns. The present results showed that the morphogenesis of F. verticillioides is an asynchronous process characterized by the presence of a wide variety of fungal forms until 50 days of culture. The method is very useful to demonstrate the F. verticillioides growth stages as well as the perfect differentiation between viable and non-viable cell.
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López-Errasquín E, Vázquez C, Jiménez M, González-Jaén MT. Real-Time RT-PCR assay to quantify the expression of fum1 and fum19 genes from the Fumonisin-producing Fusarium verticillioides. J Microbiol Methods 2007; 68:312-7. [PMID: 17055092 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2006.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2006] [Revised: 07/25/2006] [Accepted: 09/13/2006] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Fumonisins are a group of mycotoxins produced by Fusarium species of the Gibberella fujikuroi species complex that contaminate food and feed products, and represent a risk for human and animal health. In this work, we have developed a specific real-time reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) assay to quantify the level of expression of two genes of the fumonisin biosynthetic cluster in F. verticillioides: fum1 (that encodes a polyketide synthase enzyme) and the ABC transporter encoding gene fum19. The level of expression of both genes was compared with the amount of fumonisin B(1) (FB(1)), measured by HPLC, produced by several strains of F. verticillioides in liquid culture. The results indicated a good correspondence between the levels of fum1 and fum19 expression and the production of fumonisin B(1). The analysis described provides a good approach for the rapid and specific detection and characterization of the potential ability of F. verticillioides strains to produce fumonisins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena López-Errasquín
- Departamento de Microbiología III, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, José Antonio Nováis 2, 28040-Madrid, Spain
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Keszthelyi A, Jeney A, Kerényi Z, Mendes O, Waalwijk C, Hornok L. Tagging target genes of the MAT1-2-1 transcription factor in Fusarium verticillioides (Gibberella fujikuroi MP-A). Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2006; 91:373-91. [PMID: 17124547 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-006-9123-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2006] [Accepted: 10/09/2006] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Mating type in filamentous ascomycetes is controlled by idiomorphic alleles, named MAT1-1 and MAT1-2, which contain 1-3 genes. Of these genes MAT1-1-1 and MAT1-2-1 encode putative transcription factors and are thus considered to be the major regulators of sexual communication and mating. Fungi with no known sexual stage may also have fully functional mating type genes and therefore it was plausible to hypothesize that the MAT products may also regulate other types of genes not involved directly in the mating process. To identify putative target genes of these transcription factors in Fusarium verticillioides, DeltaMAT1-2-1 knock out mutants were produced and transcript profiles of mutant and wild type were compared by means of differential cDNA hybridization. Clones, either up- or down-regulated in the DeltaMAT1-2-1 mutant were sequenced and a total of 248 sequences were blasted against the NCBI database as well as the Gibberella zeae and Gibberella moniliformis genomes. Fifty-five percent of the clones were down-regulated in the mutant, indicating that the MAT1-2-1 product positively affected these tagged sequences. On the other hand, 45% were found to be up-regulated in the mutant, suggesting that the MAT1-2-1 product also exerted a negative regulatory function on this set of genes. Sequences involved in protein synthesis and metabolism occurred more frequently among the clones up-regulated in the mutant, whereas genes belonging to cell signalling and communication were especially frequently tagged among the sequences down-regulated in the mutant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Keszthelyi
- Agricultural Biotechnology Center, Szent-Györgyi A. u. 4, H-2100, Gödöllo, Hungary
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Kerényi Z, Oláh B, Jeney A, Hornok L, Leslie JF. The homologue of het-c of Neurospora crassa lacks vegetative compatibility function in Fusarium proliferatum. Appl Environ Microbiol 2006; 72:6527-32. [PMID: 17021201 PMCID: PMC1610276 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01543-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
For two fungal strains to be vegetatively compatible and capable of forming a stable vegetative heterokaryon they must carry matching alleles at a series of loci variously termed het or vic genes. Cloned het/vic genes from Neurospora crassa and Podospora anserina have no obvious functional similarity and have various cellular functions. Our objective was to identify the homologue of the Neurospora het-c gene in Fusarium proliferatum and to determine if this gene has a vegetative compatibility function in this economically important and widely dispersed fungal pathogen. In F. proliferatum and five other closely related Fusarium species we found a few differences in the DNA sequence, but the changes were silent and did not alter the amino acid sequence of the resulting protein. Deleting the gene altered sexual fertility as the female parent, but it did not alter male fertility or existing vegetative compatibility interactions. Replacement of the allele-specific portion of the coding sequence with the sequence of an alternate allele in N. crassa did not result in a vegetative incompatibility response in transformed strains of F. proliferatum. Thus, the fphch gene in Fusarium appears unlikely to have the vegetative compatibility function associated with its homologue in N. crassa. These results suggest that the vegetative compatibility phenotype may result from convergent evolution. Thus, the genes involved in this process may need to be identified at the species level or at the level of a group of species and could prove to be attractive targets for the development of antifungal agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltán Kerényi
- Agricultural Biotechnology Center, Szent-Györgyi A u 4, H-2100 Gödöll, Hungary
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Li S, Myung K, Guse D, Donkin B, Proctor RH, Grayburn WS, Calvo AM. FvVE1 regulates filamentous growth, the ratio of microconidia to macroconidia and cell wall formation in Fusarium verticillioides. Mol Microbiol 2006; 62:1418-32. [PMID: 17054442 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2006.05447.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The velvet gene, veA, co-ordinates asexual and sexual development in the homothallic fungal species Aspergillus nidulans. Studies in Aspergillus parasiticus and Aspergillus fumigatus demonstrated that veA also regulates morphological differentiation in these species. Whether veA has the same role in morphogenesis in other fungal genera has not been investigated. In this work, we studied the role of the veA homologue, FvVE1, in the heterothallic fungus Fusarium verticillioides. Deletion of FvVE1 suppressed aerial hyphal growth and reduced colony surface hydrophobicity on solid media. In submerged cultures, FvVE1 deletion caused alterations in hyphal polarity, marked activation of conidiation and yeast-like growth. The latter was promoted by shaking to increase aeration of cultures. In addition, FvVE1 deletion markedly increased the ratio of macroconidia to microconidia. Supplementation of osmotic stabilizers restored the wild-type phenotype to deletion mutants, suggesting phenotypic alterations caused by FvVE1 deletion are related to cell wall defects. This is consistent with the hypersensitivity of FvVE1 deletion mutants to SDS and with the significant reduction in the mannoprotein content of mutants compared with the wild-type strain. However, no dramatic cell wall alterations were observed when mutants were examined by transmission electron microscopy. Our data strongly suggest that FvVE1 is important for cell wall integrity, cell surface hydrophobicity, hyphal polarity and conidiation pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaojie Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Illinois University, Dekalb, IL 60115, USA
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Afolabi CG, Bandyopadhyay R, Leslie JF, Ekpo EJA. Effect of sorting on incidence and occurrence of fumonisins and Fusarium verticillioides on maize from Nigeria. J Food Prot 2006; 69:2019-23. [PMID: 16924936 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x-69.8.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Fumonisin mycotoxins are commonly found on maize and pose a health risk to humans and domesticated animals. Visible sorting of grain has been suggested as a simple technique that can be used to reduce exposure to fumonisins. We collected maize samples in 2003 from different farms in the Kaduna state of Nigeria (Northern Guinea Savanna agroecological zone) that had been sorted by farmers as either good quality or poor quality. The amount of fumonisins and the presence of Fusarium verticillioides were determined for each sample. All 13 poor quality samples and the 5 good quality samples positive for fumonisins contained F. verticillioides. Twelve of 13 poor quality samples contained fumonisins (1.4 to 110 microg/g), as did the five good quality samples that were positive for F. verticillioides (0.2 to 3.7 microg of fumonisins per g). Thus, the visible sorting of grain as a technique to reduce the exposure of subsistence farmers to fumonisins could be successful if there were enough good quality grain available to permit the poor quality grain to be used for another purpose or discarded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clement G Afolabi
- Department of Crop Protection and Environmental Biology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria 13314
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Gaffoor I, Trail F. Characterization of two polyketide synthase genes involved in zearalenone biosynthesis in Gibberella zeae. Appl Environ Microbiol 2006; 72:1793-9. [PMID: 16517624 PMCID: PMC1393172 DOI: 10.1128/aem.72.3.1793-1799.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Zearalenone, a mycotoxin produced by several Fusarium spp., is most commonly found as a contaminant in stored grain and has chronic estrogenic effects on mammals. Zearalenone is a polyketide derived from the sequential condensation of multiple acetate units by a polyketide synthase (PKS), but the genetics of its biosynthesis are not understood. We cloned two genes, designated ZEA1 and ZEA2, which encode polyketide synthases that participate in the biosynthesis of zearalenone by Gibberella zeae (anamorph Fusarium graminearum). Disruption of either gene resulted in the loss of zearalenone production under inducing conditions. ZEA1 and ZEA2 are transcribed divergently from a common promoter region. Quantitative PCR analysis of both PKS genes and six flanking genes supports the view that the two polyketide synthases make up the core biosynthetic unit for zearalenone biosynthesis. An appreciation of the genetics of zearalenone biosynthesis is needed to understand how zearalenone is synthesized under field conditions that result in the contamination of grain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iffa Gaffoor
- Departments of Plant Biology, Plant Pathology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - Frances Trail
- Departments of Plant Biology, Plant Pathology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
- Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824. Phone: (517) 432-2939. Fax: (517) 353-1926. E-mail:
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Kim YT, Lee YR, Jin J, Han KH, Kim H, Kim JC, Lee T, Yun SH, Lee YW. Two different polyketide synthase genes are required for synthesis of zearalenone in Gibberella zeae. Mol Microbiol 2006; 58:1102-13. [PMID: 16262793 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2005.04884.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Zearalenone (ZEA) is a polyketide mycotoxin produced by some species of Gibberella/Fusarium and causes hyperestrogenic syndrome in animals. ZEA occurs naturally in cereals infected by Gibberella zeae in temperate regions and threatens animal health. In this study, we report on a set of genes that participate in the biosynthesis of ZEA in G. zeae. Focusing on the non-reducing polyketide synthase (PKS) genes of the G. zeae genome, we demonstrated that PKS13 is required for ZEA production. Subsequent analyses revealed that a continuous, 50 kb segment of DNA carrying PKS13 consisted of three additional open reading frames that were coexpressed as a cluster during the condition for ZEA biosynthesis. These genes, in addition to PKS13, were essential for the ZEA biosynthesis. They include another PKS gene (PKS4) encoding a fungal reducing PKS; zearalenone biosynthesis gene 1 (ZEB1), which shows a high similarity to putative isoamyl alcohol oxidase genes; and ZEB2 whose deduced product carries a conserved, basic-region leucine zipper domain. ZEB1 is responsible for the chemical conversion of beta-zearalenonol (beta-ZOL) to ZEA in the biosynthetic pathway, and ZEB2 controls transcription of the cluster members. Transcription of these genes was strongly influenced by different culture conditions such as nutrient starvations and ambient pH. Furthermore, the same set of genes regulated by ZEB2 was dramatically repressed in the transgenic G. zeae strain with the deletion of PKS13 or PKS4 but not in the ZEB1 deletion strain, suggesting that ZEA or beta-ZOL may be involved in transcriptional activation of the gene cluster required for ZEA biosynthesis in G. zeae. This is the first published report on the molecular characterization of genes required for ZEA biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Tae Kim
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology and Center for Agricultural Biomaterials, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Korea
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Gaffoor I, Brown DW, Plattner R, Proctor RH, Qi W, Trail F. Functional analysis of the polyketide synthase genes in the filamentous fungus Gibberella zeae (anamorph Fusarium graminearum). EUKARYOTIC CELL 2006; 4:1926-33. [PMID: 16278459 PMCID: PMC1287854 DOI: 10.1128/ec.4.11.1926-1933.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Polyketides are a class of secondary metabolites that exhibit a vast diversity of form and function. In fungi, these compounds are produced by large, multidomain enzymes classified as type I polyketide synthases (PKSs). In this study we identified and functionally disrupted 15 PKS genes from the genome of the filamentous fungus Gibberella zeae. Five of these genes are responsible for producing the mycotoxins zearalenone, aurofusarin, and fusarin C and the black perithecial pigment. A comprehensive expression analysis of the 15 genes revealed diverse expression patterns during grain colonization, plant colonization, sexual development, and mycelial growth. Expression of one of the PKS genes was not detected under any of 18 conditions tested. This is the first study to genetically characterize a complete set of PKS genes from a single organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iffa Gaffoor
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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