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Karakaya E, Aydin F, Gümüşsoy KS, Kayman T, Güran Ö, Güran C, Yarim D, Gündüz ES, Abay S. Listeria monocytogenes from different sources: The serotyping, genotyping, virulotyping, and antibiotic susceptibilities of the recovered isolates. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2025; 118:102314. [PMID: 39914271 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2025.102314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2024] [Revised: 01/20/2025] [Accepted: 01/31/2025] [Indexed: 02/26/2025]
Abstract
It was aimed at serotyping, genotyping, determining various virulence genes, and investigating antibiotic susceptibilities of Listeria monocytogenes isolates recovered from different sources in the current study. For this purpose, a total of 70 L. monocytogenes isolates including 22 chicken, 20 fish, 18 sheep, and 10 cattle origin were used. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was performed for serotyping and analysis of virulence genes of the isolates, and also Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus (ERIC)-PCR was performed for the genotyping. In addition, it was determined the susceptibilities of the isolates against nine different antibiotics via the disk diffusion method. As a result of serotyping, the most detected serogroup in analyzed L. monocytogenes isolates was 1/2a-3a (44.3 %), and but the least detected serogroup 1/2b-3b-7 (11.4 %). ERIC-PCR results revealed a total of 18 different patterns. All isolates were positive for the presence of inlA, inlB, inlC, iap, prfA, actA, hly, plcA, plcB and mpl virulence genes tested. The prevalence of the actA gene in isolates was determined as 70 %. Antibiotic resistance was detected against six antibiotics, and high resistance to oxacillin (80 %) and ciprofloxacin (65.7 %) in the isolates. Furthermore, the rate of multi-drug resistance in L. monocytogenes isolates was 28.5 % (20/70). In conclusion, the present study showed that the sources may pose a potential health risk, according to obtained data on the virulence gene prevalence, serogroup distribution, high genetic heterogeneity, and antibiotic resistance profiles of L. monocytogenes isolates from different sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emre Karakaya
- Erciyes University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - Fuat Aydin
- Erciyes University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Kadir Semih Gümüşsoy
- Erciyes University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Tuba Kayman
- Kırıkkale University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology, Kırıkkale, Turkey
| | - Özgür Güran
- Erciyes University, Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Cansu Güran
- Erciyes University, Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Doğancan Yarim
- Erciyes University, Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Enes Said Gündüz
- Erciyes University, Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Seçil Abay
- Erciyes University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Kayseri, Turkey
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Zawiasa A, Schmidt M, Olejnik-Schmidt A. Phage-Based Control of Listeria innocua in the Food Industry: A Strategy for Preventing Listeria monocytogenes Persistence in Biofilms. Viruses 2025; 17:482. [PMID: 40284925 PMCID: PMC12031349 DOI: 10.3390/v17040482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2025] [Revised: 03/17/2025] [Accepted: 03/24/2025] [Indexed: 04/29/2025] Open
Abstract
Listeria innocua, though considered non-pathogenic, frequently coexists with Listeria monocytogenes in industrial environments, aiding its survival in biofilms. These biofilms pose a significant challenge in food processing facilities, as they protect bacteria from disinfectants and facilitate their spread. The aim of this review was to identify bacteriophages as a promising method for eliminating Listeria biofilms from the food industry. Lytic bacteriophages show great potential in combating Listeria biofilms. Commercially available products, such as PhageGuard Listex™ (P100) (Micreos Food Safety, Wageningen, The Netherlands), effectively reduce both L. monocytogenes and L. innocua in food products and on production surfaces. Additionally, phage-derived enzymes, such as endolysins, can degrade biofilms, eliminating bacteria without compromising food quality. The following article highlights that although bacteriophages present a promising biocontrol method, further research is necessary to assess their long-term effectiveness, particularly regarding bacterial resistance. To maximize efficacy, a combination of strategies such as phage cocktails and disinfectants is recommended to enhance biofilm eradication and minimize food contamination risks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcin Schmidt
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Microbiology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 48, 60-627 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Olejnik-Schmidt
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Microbiology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 48, 60-627 Poznan, Poland;
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Cebeci T, Otlu B. Prevalence, virulence potential, antibiotic resistance profile, heavy metal resistance genes of Listeria innocua: A first study in consumed foods for assessment of human health risk in Northern Turkey. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:65078-65091. [PMID: 39570529 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-35582-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 11/14/2024] [Indexed: 11/22/2024]
Abstract
Listeria (L.) innocua is typically considered a non-pathogenic bacterium that can sometimes act as an opportunistic pathogen in severely immunocompromised patients. However, it plays an important role in food safety because it acts as an indicator organism for potential contamination and the effectiveness of sanitation methods. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence, virulence genes, antibiotic resistance profiles, heavy metal and disinfectant resistance genes of L. innocua isolates from animal-derived foods. In this study, we isolated and characterized 39 L. innocua strains recovered from commonly 400 consumed beef meat, fresh fish meat, raw cow milk, and traditional cheese samples collected in Giresun, Turkey. The occurrence of virulence-associated genes was detected, such as plcA (97.4%), iap (35.8%), and hlyA (15.3%). A high incidence of resistance was recorded for fusidic acid (100%), followed by oxacillin (97.4%), clindamycin (82%), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (69.2%), benzylpenicillin (41%), nitrofurantoin (35.8%), and fosfomycin (35.8%). Overall, 100% (39/39) of the isolates were resistant to at least one antibiotic, while 92.3% (36/39) of the isolate strains were multidrug resistant in the antimicrobial susceptibility tested. Among the L. innocua isolates (n = 39), 51.2%, 38.4%, 20.5%, 7.6%, 5.1%, 2.5%, and 2.5% were positive for qacH, cadA1, qacE, qacEΔ1-sul, qacJ, qacF, and qacG heavy metal and disinfectant resistance genes, respectively. The results highlight the need for more comprehensive studies to understand the monitoring and surveillance of L. innocua and their potential hazards to both humans and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tugba Cebeci
- Espiye Vocational School, Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Giresun University, Giresun, Turkey.
| | - Barış Otlu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
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Rivu S, Hasib Shourav A, Ahmed S. Whole genome sequencing reveals circulation of potentially virulent Listeria innocua strains with novel genomic features in cattle farm environments in Dhaka, Bangladesh. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2024; 126:105692. [PMID: 39571669 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2024.105692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2024] [Revised: 11/11/2024] [Accepted: 11/18/2024] [Indexed: 11/26/2024]
Abstract
Through the last decade, Listeria spp. has been detected in food and environmental samples in Bangladesh. However, the genomic information of this bacterium that prevails in the country remains scarce. This study analyzed the complete genome sequences of two Listeria spp. isolates obtained from cow dung and their drinking water collected from a cattle farm in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Both the isolates were identified as Listeria innocua, which shared almost identical genomic features. The genome sequences demonstrated the presence of 13 virulence genes associated with invasion (iap/cwhA, gtcA, and lpeA), surface protein anchoring (lspA), adherence (fbpA, and lap), intracellular survival (lplA1, and prsA2), peptidoglycan modification (oatA, and pdgA), and heat stress (clpC, clpE, and clpP). Additionally, the gene fosX, conferring resistance to fosfomycin, and two copper resistance-associated genes, copC and csoR, were identified in both. The genome sequences also revealed two plasmid replicons, rep25 and rep32, along with three insertion sequences [ISLmo3 (CP022021), ISLmo7 (CP006611), ISS1N (M37395)]. Notably, a composite transposon [CN_8789_ISS1N (M37395)], was detected in both L. innocua isolates, representing the first documented occurrence of this particular composite transposon in any reported Listeria species. Furthermore, the genomes contained four prophage regions [Listeria phage LP-030-2 (NC_021539), Listeria phage vB_LmoS_188 (NC_028871), Listeria phage A118 (NC_003216) and Escherichia phage RCS47 (NC_042128)]. Two CRISPR arrays were also identified, one belonging to the family type II-A. Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) analysis classified the L. innocua isolates of the same sequence type, ST-637. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis uncovered the presence of 231-340 SNPs between the L. innocua isolates and their closely related global lineage. In contrast, only 42 SNPs were identified between the two isolates, suggesting a potential transmission of L. innocua between cow dung and cattle farm water. The presence of L. innocua isolates harboring virulence genes associated with ruminant infection in the cattle farm environment of Bangladesh raises significant concerns about the potential presence of other human and animal pathogens. This poses a serious threat to the cattle farming industry. Additionally, the genomic analysis of the L. innocua isolates enhances our understanding of the evolutionary dynamics of Listeria species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supantha Rivu
- Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Abiral Hasib Shourav
- Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh; Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, 4202 E Fowler Ave, Tampa, Fl 33620, USA
| | - Sangita Ahmed
- Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh.
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Yang Y, Kong X, Niu B, Yang J, Chen Q. Differences in Biofilm Formation of Listeria monocytogenes and Their Effects on Virulence and Drug Resistance of Different Strains. Foods 2024; 13:1076. [PMID: 38611380 PMCID: PMC11011679 DOI: 10.3390/foods13071076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is recognized as one of the primary pathogens responsible for foodborne illnesses. The ability of L. monocytogenes to form biofilms notably increases its resistance to antibiotics such as ampicillin and tetracycline, making it exceedingly difficult to eradicate. Residual bacteria within the processing environment can contaminate food products, thereby posing a significant risk to public health. In this study, we used crystal violet staining to assess the biofilm-forming capacity of seven L. monocytogenes strains and identified ATCC 19112 as the strain with the most potent biofilm-forming. Subsequent fluorescence microscopy observations revealed that the biofilm-forming capacity was markedly enhanced after two days of culture. Then, we investigated into the factors contributing to biofilm formation and demonstrated that strains with more robust extracellular polymer secretion and self-agglutination capabilities exhibited a more pronounced ability to form biofilms. No significant correlation was found between surface hydrophobicity and biofilm formation capability. In addition, we found that after biofilm formation, the adhesion and invasion of cells were enhanced and drug resistance increased. Therefore, we hypothesized that the formation of biofilm makes L. monocytogenes more virulent and more difficult to remove by antibiotics. Lastly, utilizing RT-PCR, we detected the expression levels of genes associated with biofilm formation, including those involved in quorum sensing (QS), flagellar synthesis, and extracellular polymer production. These genes were significantly upregulated after biofilm formation. These findings underscore the critical relationship between extracellular polymers, self-agglutination abilities, and biofilm formation. In conclusion, the establishment of biofilms not only enhances L. monocytogenes' capacity for cell invasion and adhesion but also significantly increases its resistance to drugs, presenting a substantial threat to food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujuan Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; (Y.Y.); (B.N.)
| | - Xiangxiang Kong
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China;
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Bing Niu
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; (Y.Y.); (B.N.)
| | - Jielin Yang
- Technical Centre for Animal, Plant and Food Inspection and Quarantine of Shanghai Customs, Shanghai 200135, China
| | - Qin Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; (Y.Y.); (B.N.)
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Orsi RH, Liao J, Carlin CR, Wiedmann M. Taxonomy, ecology, and relevance to food safety of the genus Listeria with a particular consideration of new Listeria species described between 2010 and 2022. mBio 2024; 15:e0093823. [PMID: 38126771 PMCID: PMC10865800 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00938-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Since 2010, the genus Listeria has had the addition of 22 new species that more than tripled the number of species identified until 2010. Sixteen of these 22 new species are distantly related to the type species, Listeria monocytogenes, and several of these present phenotypes that distinguish them from classical Listeria species (L. monocytogenes, Listeria innocua, Listeria ivanovii, Listeria seeligeri, Listeria welshimeri, and Listeria grayi). These 22 newly described species also show that Listeria is more genetically diverse than previously estimated. While future studies and surveys are needed to clarify the distribution of these species, at least some of these species may not be widely spread, while other species may be frequently found spread to human-related settings (e.g., farms and processing facilities), and others may be adapted to specific environmental habitats. Here, we review the taxonomic, phylogenetic, and ecological characteristics of these new Listeria species identified since 2010 and re-iterate the suggestion of re-classification of some species into three new genera: Murraya, Mesolisteria, and Paenilisteria. We also provide a review of current detection issues and the relevance to food safety related to the identification of these new species. For example, several new non-pathogenic species could be misidentified as the pathogen L. monocytogenes, based on methods that do not target L. monocytogenes-specific virulence genes/factors, leading to unnecessary product recalls. Moreover, eight species in the proposed new genus Mesolisteria are not good indicators of environmental conditions that could allow L. monocytogenes to grow since Mesolisteria species are unable to grow at low temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato H. Orsi
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Jingqiu Liao
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | | | - Martin Wiedmann
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
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Szymczak B. Phenotypic and Genotypic Characteristics of Non-Hemolytic L. monocytogenes Isolated from Food and Processing Environments. Foods 2023; 12:3630. [PMID: 37835283 PMCID: PMC10572806 DOI: 10.3390/foods12193630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasingly, Listeria monocytogenes (LM) with atypical phenotypic and genotypic characteristics are being isolated from food, causing problems with their classification and testing. From 2495 soil, food, and swab samples from the food industry, 262 LM isolates were found. A total of 30 isolates were isolated, mainly from soil and plant food, and were classified as atypical LM (aLM) because they lacked the ability to move (30/11.4%) and perform hemolysis (25/9.5%). The isolation environment affected aLM incidence, cell size, sugar fermentation capacity, antibiotic sensitivity, and the number of virulence genes. Therefore, despite several characteristics differentiating all aLMs/non-hemolytic isolates from reference LMs, the remaining phenotypic characteristics were specific to each aLM isolate (like a fingerprint). The aLM/non-hemolytic isolates, particularly those from the soil and meat industries, showed more variability in their sugar fermentation capacity and were less sensitive to antibiotics than LMs. As many as 11 (36.7%) aLM isolates had resistance to four different antibiotics or simultaneously to two antibiotics. The aLM isolates possessed 3-7 of the 12 virulence genes: prfA and hly in all aLMs, while iap was not present. Only five (16.7%) isolates were classified into serogroups 1/2c-3c or 4a-4c. The aLM/non-hemolytic isolates differed by many traits from L. immobilis and atypical L. innocua. The reference method of reviving and isolating LM required optimization of aLM. Statistical analyses of clustering, correlation, and PCA showed similarities and differences between LM and aLM/non-hemolytic isolates due to individual phenotypic traits and genes. Correlations were found between biochemical traits, antibiotic resistance, and virulence genes. The increase in the incidence of atypical non-hemolytic LM may pose a risk to humans, as they may not be detected by ISO methods and have greater antibiotic resistance than LM. aLM from LM can be distinguished based on lack of hemolysis, motility, growth at 4 °C, ability to ferment D-arabitol, and lack of six specific genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Szymczak
- Department of Applied Microbiology and Human Nutrition Physiology, Faculty of Food Science and Fisheries, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Papieża Pawła VI 3, 71-459 Szczecin, Poland
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Gana J, Gcebe N, Pierneef RE, Chen Y, Moerane R, Adesiyun AA. Genomic Characterization of Listeria innocua Isolates Recovered from Cattle Farms, Beef Abattoirs, and Retail Outlets in Gauteng Province, South Africa. Pathogens 2023; 12:1062. [PMID: 37624022 PMCID: PMC10457781 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12081062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was used for the genomic characterization of one hundred and ten strains of Listeria innocua (L. innocua) isolated from twenty-three cattle farms, eight beef abattoirs, and forty-eight retail outlets in Gauteng province, South Africa. In silico multilocus sequence typing (MLST) was used to identify the isolates' sequence types (STs). BLAST-based analyses were used to identify antimicrobial and virulence genes. The study also linked the detection of the genes to the origin (industries and types of samples) of the L. innocua isolates. The study detected 14 STs, 13 resistance genes, and 23 virulence genes. Of the 14 STs detected, ST637 (26.4%), ST448 (20%), 537 (13.6%), and 1085 (12.7%) were predominant, and the frequency varied significantly (p < 0.05). All 110 isolates of L. innocua were carriers of one or more antimicrobial resistance genes, with resistance genes lin (100%), fosX (100%), and tet(M) (30%) being the most frequently detected (p < 0.05). Of the 23 virulence genes recognized, 13 (clpC, clpE, clpP, hbp1, svpA, hbp2, iap/cwhA, lap, lpeA, lplA1, lspA, oatA, pdgA, and prsA2) were found in all 110 isolates of L. innocua. Overall, diversity and significant differences were detected in the frequencies of STs, resistance, and virulence genes according to the origins (source and sample type) of the L. innocua isolates. This, being the first genomic characterization of L. innocua recovered from the three levels/industries (farm, abattoir, and retail) of the beef production system in South Africa, provides data on the organism's distribution and potential food safety implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Gana
- Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa; (J.G.); (R.M.)
- Agricultural Education, Federal College of Education, Kontagora 923101, Nigeria
| | - Nomakorinte Gcebe
- Bacteriology Department, Onderstepoort Veterinary Research, Agricultural Research Council, Pretoria 0110, South Africa;
| | - Rian Ewald Pierneef
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa;
- Centre for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
- Microbiome@UP, Department of Biochemistry, Genetics, and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
| | - Yi Chen
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, US Food and Drug Administration, 5001 Campus Dr. Room 4E-007/Mailstop HFS-710, College Park, MD 20740, USA;
| | - Rebone Moerane
- Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa; (J.G.); (R.M.)
| | - Abiodun Adewale Adesiyun
- Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa; (J.G.); (R.M.)
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine 685509, Trinidad and Tobago
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Ramadan H, Al-Ashmawy M, Soliman AM, Elbediwi M, Sabeq I, Yousef M, Algammal AM, Hiott LM, Berrang ME, Frye JG, Jackson CR. Whole-genome sequencing of Listeria innocua recovered from retail milk and dairy products in Egypt. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1160244. [PMID: 37234542 PMCID: PMC10206011 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1160244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The similarity of the Listeria innocua genome with Listeria monocytogenes and their presence in the same niche may facilitate gene transfer between them. A better understanding of the mechanisms responsible for bacterial virulence requires an in-depth knowledge of the genetic characteristics of these bacteria. In this context, draft whole genome sequences were completed on five L. innocua isolated from milk and dairy products in Egypt. The assembled sequences were screened for antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes, plasmid replicons and multilocus sequence types (MLST); phylogenetic analysis of the sequenced isolates was also performed. The sequencing results revealed the presence of only one antimicrobial resistance gene, fosX, in the L. innocua isolates. However, the five isolates carried 13 virulence genes involved in adhesion, invasion, surface protein anchoring, peptidoglycan degradation, intracellular survival, and heat stress; all five lacked the Listeria Pathogenicity Island 1 (LIPI-1) genes. MLST assigned these five isolates into the same sequence type (ST), ST-1085; however, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based phylogenetic analysis revealed 422-1,091 SNP differences between our isolates and global lineages of L. innocua. The five isolates possessed an ATP-dependent protease (clpL) gene, which mediates heat resistance, on a rep25 type plasmids. Blast analysis of clpL-carrying plasmid contigs showed approximately 99% sequence similarity to the corresponding parts of plasmids of L. monocytogenes strains 2015TE24968 and N1-011A previously isolated from Italy and the United States, respectively. Although this plasmid has been linked to L. monocytogenes that was responsible for a serious outbreak, this is the first report of L. innocua containing clpL-carrying plasmids. Various genetic mechanisms of virulence transfer among Listeria species and other genera could raise the possibility of the evolution of virulent strains of L. innocua. Such strains could challenge processing and preservation protocols and pose health risks from dairy products. Ongoing genomic research is necessary to identify these alarming genetic changes and develop preventive and control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazem Ramadan
- Hygiene and Zoonoses Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
- Poultry Microbiological Safety and Processing Research Unit, US National Poultry Research Center, USDA-ARS, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Maha Al-Ashmawy
- Department of Food Hygiene and Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M. Soliman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Elbediwi
- Evolutionary Biology, Institute for Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Islam Sabeq
- Department of Food Hygiene and Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Tukh, Qalyubia, Egypt
| | - Mona Yousef
- Department of Food Hygiene and Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Abdelazeem M. Algammal
- Department of Bacteriology, Immunology and Mycology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Lari M. Hiott
- Poultry Microbiological Safety and Processing Research Unit, US National Poultry Research Center, USDA-ARS, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Mark E. Berrang
- Poultry Microbiological Safety and Processing Research Unit, US National Poultry Research Center, USDA-ARS, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Jonathan G. Frye
- Poultry Microbiological Safety and Processing Research Unit, US National Poultry Research Center, USDA-ARS, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Charlene R. Jackson
- Poultry Microbiological Safety and Processing Research Unit, US National Poultry Research Center, USDA-ARS, Athens, GA, United States
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Gradovska S, Šteingolde Ž, Ķibilds J, Meistere I, Avsejenko J, Streikiša M, Alksne L, Terentjeva M, Bērziņš A. Genetic diversity and known virulence genes in Listeria innocua strains isolated from cattle abortions and farm environment. Vet Anim Sci 2022; 19:100276. [PMID: 36545353 PMCID: PMC9762182 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2022.100276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria innocua is considered as non-pathogenic bacteria living in an environment although several cases of immunocompromised humans and ruminant listeriosis infections have been reported. Previously, L. innocua was identified as a potential pathogen and virulence in association with L. monocytogenes PrfA dependent virulence (LIPI-1) gene cluster was demonstrated in hemolytic L. innocua. L. innocua usually considered non-pathogenic versus pathogenic L. monocytogenes and L. ivanovii because of the main virulence gene loss. There are limited studies and reports available about L. innocua-caused illness in cattle. A total of 18 STs were identified in cattle abortions while 17 STs in the farm environment with majority of STs were present in both abortions and environmental samples. Genome sequencing showed that in one farm identical L. innocua clones were represented in water, feed, soil, and faeces sample groups, suggesting that animals most likely through the faecal shedding may remain as the main source of L. innocua in a farm environment. Out of all L. innocua isolates PrfA-dependent virulence genes were not found in aborted foetuses isolates and environmental L. innocua isolate groups; however, in 20% of isolates a complete LIPI-3 pathogenicity island encoding listeriolysin S was identified. In this study, we demonstrated that genetically diverse L. innocua clones were widely distributed in cattle farm environment and certain isolates had a significant pathogenicity potential for cattle, thus causing adverse health effects, including abortions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silva Gradovska
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment BIOR, Lejupes Str 3, Riga Latvia, Lativa,Corresponding author.
| | - Žanete Šteingolde
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment BIOR, Lejupes Str 3, Riga Latvia, Lativa,Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine
| | - Juris Ķibilds
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment BIOR, Lejupes Str 3, Riga Latvia, Lativa
| | - Irēna Meistere
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment BIOR, Lejupes Str 3, Riga Latvia, Lativa
| | - Jeļena Avsejenko
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment BIOR, Lejupes Str 3, Riga Latvia, Lativa
| | - Madara Streikiša
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment BIOR, Lejupes Str 3, Riga Latvia, Lativa
| | - Laura Alksne
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment BIOR, Lejupes Str 3, Riga Latvia, Lativa
| | - Margarita Terentjeva
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment BIOR, Lejupes Str 3, Riga Latvia, Lativa
| | - Aivars Bērziņš
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment BIOR, Lejupes Str 3, Riga Latvia, Lativa,Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine
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11
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Genome Sequences of Hemolytic and Nonhemolytic Listeria innocua Strains from Human, Food, and Environmental Sources. Microbiol Resour Announc 2022; 11:e0072322. [DOI: 10.1128/mra.00723-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
This report describes genome sequences for nine
Listeria innocua
strains that varied in hemolytic phenotypes on sheep blood agar. All strains were sequenced using Pacific Biosciences (PacBio) single-molecule real-time (SMRT) chemistry; overall, the average read length of these sequences was 2,869,880 bp, with an average GC content of 37%.
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12
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Rahman S, Das AK. A subtractive proteomics and immunoinformatics approach towards designing a potential multi-epitope vaccine against pathogenic Listeriamonocytogenes. Microb Pathog 2022; 172:105782. [PMID: 36150556 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is the causative agent of listeriosis, which is dangerous for pregnant women, the elderly or individuals with a weakened immune system. Individuals with leukaemia, cancer, HIV/AIDS, kidney transplant and steroid therapy suffer from immunological damage are menaced. World Health Organization (WHO) reports that human listeriosis has a high mortality rate of 20-30% every year. To date, no vaccine is available to treat listeriosis. Thereby, it is high time to design novel vaccines against L. monocytogenes. Here, we present computational approaches to design an antigenic, stable and safe vaccine against the L. monocytogenes that could help to control the infections associated with the pathogen. Three vital pathogenic proteins of L. monocytogenes, such as Listeriolysin O (LLO), Phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC), and Actin polymerization protein (ActA), were selected using a subtractive proteomics approach to design the multi-epitope vaccine (MEV). A total of 5 Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) and 9 Helper T-lymphocyte (HTL) epitopes were predicted from these selected proteins. To design the multi-epitope vaccine (MEV) from the selected proteins, CTL epitopes were joined with the AAY linker, and HTL epitopes were joined with the GPGPG linker. Additionally, a human β-defensin-3 (hBD-3) adjuvant was added to the N-terminal side of the final MEV construct to increase the immune response to the vaccine. The final MEV was predicted to be antigenic, non-allergen and non-toxic in nature. Physicochemical property analysis suggested that the MEV construct is stable and could be easily purified through the E. coli expression system. This in-silico study showed that MEV has a robust binding interaction with Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), a key player in the innate immune system. Current subtractive proteomics and immunoinformatics study provides a background for designing a suitable, safe and effective vaccine against pathogenic L. monocytogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shakilur Rahman
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, West Bengal, India
| | - Amit Kumar Das
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, West Bengal, India.
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13
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Osek J, Lachtara B, Wieczorek K. Listeria monocytogenes in foods-From culture identification to whole-genome characteristics. Food Sci Nutr 2022; 10:2825-2854. [PMID: 36171778 PMCID: PMC9469866 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is an important foodborne pathogen, which is able to persist in the food production environments. The presence of these bacteria in different niches makes them a potential threat for public health. In the present review, the current information on the classical and alternative methods used for isolation and identification of L. monocytogenes in food have been described. Although these techniques are usually simple, standardized, inexpensive, and are routinely used in many food testing laboratories, several alternative molecular-based approaches for the bacteria detection in food and food production environments have been developed. They are characterized by the high sample throughput, a short time of analysis, and cost-effectiveness. However, these methods are important for the routine testing toward the presence and number of L. monocytogenes, but are not suitable for characteristics and typing of the bacterial isolates, which are crucial in the study of listeriosis infections. For these purposes, novel approaches, with a high discriminatory power to genetically distinguish the strains during epidemiological studies, have been developed, e.g., whole-genome sequence-based techniques such as NGS which provide an opportunity to perform comparison between strains of the same species. In the present review, we have shown a short description of the principles of microbiological, alternative, and modern methods of detection of L. monocytogenes in foods and characterization of the isolates for epidemiological purposes. According to our knowledge, similar comprehensive papers on such subject have not been recently published, and we hope that the current review may be interesting for research communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Osek
- Department of Hygiene of Food of Animal OriginNational Veterinary Research InstitutePuławyPoland
| | - Beata Lachtara
- Department of Hygiene of Food of Animal OriginNational Veterinary Research InstitutePuławyPoland
| | - Kinga Wieczorek
- Department of Hygiene of Food of Animal OriginNational Veterinary Research InstitutePuławyPoland
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14
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Pathogens in ticks collected in Israel: II. Bacteria and protozoa found in Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato and Rhipicephalus turanicus. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2022; 13:101986. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2022.101986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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15
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Thomas TSM, Thomas J, le Roux K, Duze ST, Mkhwanazi F, Duse A. Diagnostic challenges with accurate identification of Listeria monocytogenes isolates from food and environmental samples in South Africa. Afr J Lab Med 2022; 11:1482. [PMID: 35747557 PMCID: PMC9210167 DOI: 10.4102/ajlm.v11i1.1482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The 2017–2018 listeriosis outbreak in South Africa warranted testing for Listeria monocytogenes in food products and processing environments. Diagnostic tests are needed to accurately differentiate L. monocytogenes from other Listeria species.Objective: The study assessed the performance of the commonly used tests in our setting to accurately identify L. monocytogenes.Methods: The study was conducted in a public health laboratory in South Africa. Cultured isolates from food and environmental samples were tested both prospectively and retrospectively between August 2018 and December 2018. Isolates were phenotypically identified using tests for detecting β-haemolysis, Christie-Atkins-Munch-Peterson, alanine arylamidase (AlaA), mannosidase, and xylose fermentation. Listeria monocytogenes isolates were identified using automated systems, Microscan Walkaway Plus 96, Vitek® MS, Vitek® 2 and Surefast Listeria monocytogenes PLUS PCR. All results were compared to whole-genome sequencing results.Results: β-haemolysis and Christie-Atkins-Munch-Peterson tests gave delayed positivity or were negative for L. monocytogenes and falsely positive for one strain of Listeria innocua. The AlaA enzyme and Colorex Listeria agar lacked specificity for L. monocytogenes identification. Based on a few phenotypic test results, an aberrant L. monocytogenes strain and Listeria seeligeri strain were reported. All automated platforms overcalled L. monocytogenes in place of other Listeria species.Conclusion: No test was ideal in differentiating Listeria species. This is an issue in resource-limited settings where these tests are currently used. Newer technologies based on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and other molecular techniques specific to L. monocytogenes detection need to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teena S M Thomas
- Infection Control Services Laboratory, National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Disease, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Juno Thomas
- Centre for Enteric Diseases, National Institute of Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Karren le Roux
- Infection Control Services Laboratory, National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Disease, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Sanelisiwe T Duze
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Disease, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Faith Mkhwanazi
- Infection Control Services Laboratory, National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Adriano Duse
- Infection Control Services Laboratory, National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Disease, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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16
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Lakicevic BZ, Den Besten HMW, De Biase D. Landscape of Stress Response and Virulence Genes Among Listeria monocytogenes Strains. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:738470. [PMID: 35126322 PMCID: PMC8811131 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.738470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenic microorganism Listeria monocytogenes is ubiquitous and responsible for listeriosis, a disease with a high mortality rate in susceptible people. It can persist in different habitats, including the farm environment, the food production environments, and in foods. This pathogen can grow under challenging conditions, such as low pH, low temperatures, and high salt concentrations. However, L. monocytogenes has a high degree of strain divergence regarding virulence potential, environmental adaption, and stress response. This review seeks to provide the reader with an up-to-date overview of clonal and serotype-specific differences among L. monocytogenes strains. Emphasis on the genes and genomic islands responsible for virulence and resistance to environmental stresses is given to explain the complex adaptation among L. monocytogenes strains. Moreover, we highlight the use of advanced diagnostic technologies, such as whole-genome sequencing, to fine-tune quantitative microbiological risk assessment for better control of listeriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brankica Z. Lakicevic
- Institute of Meat Hygiene and Technology, Belgrade, Serbia
- *Correspondence: Brankica Z. Lakicevic,
| | | | - Daniela De Biase
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
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17
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Matto C, D'Alessandro B, Mota MI, Braga V, Buschiazzo A, Gianneechini E, Varela G, Rivero R. Listeria innocua isolated from diseased ruminants harbour minor virulence genes of L. monocytogenes. Vet Med Sci 2022; 8:735-740. [PMID: 35040277 PMCID: PMC8959264 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Listeriosis is one of the most common nervous diseases in ruminants, and is caused almost exclusively by the Gram‐positive bacterium, Listeria monocytogenes. However, there are few reports of listeriosis associated with L. innocua, which is genetically closely related to L. monocytogenes, but considered non‐pathogenic. In this work, we report two cases of suppurative meningoencephalitis in apparently previously healthy ruminants from different farms, in which two strains of L. innocua were recovered. The whole genomes from both isolates were sequenced, allowing phylogenetic analyses to be performed, which indicated that the two strains were very closely related. Virulence determinants were searched, especially genes coding for the main L. monocytogenes virulence factors which have been previously described in L. innocua. Surprisingly, the two isolates do not possess such virulence determinants. Instead, both strains carried a set of genes that encode for other virulence factors of the genus Listeria detected using the Virulence Factor Database (VFDB): iap (division and invasion of host cells), lpeA (entry into non‐professional phagocytes cells), fbpA (multifunctional virulence factor, including adherence to host cells), lspA (surface protein anchoring), lap (adhesion to enterocytes and trans epithelial translocation), pdgA (resistance to lysozyme), oatA (resistance to different antimicrobial compounds and also required for growth inside macrophages), lplA1 (use of host‐metabolites for in vivo growth), gtcA (catalyses teichoic acid of bacterial wall), prsA2 (cell invasion, vacuole lysis and intracellular growth), clpC, clpE and clpP (survival under several stress conditions). These genes among others detected, could be involved in the ability of L. innocua to produce damage in animal and human hosts. These results highlight the multifactorial profile of Listeria pathogenesis and the need for comprehensive scientific research that address microbiological, environmental and veterinary aspects of listeriosis. This paper report two cases of nervous listeriosis in ruminants due to L. innocua in which their genomes were sequenced, and the presence of virulence factors were studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Matto
- Laboratorio Regional Noroeste DILAVE 'Miguel C. Rubino' DGSG-MGAP, Paysandú, Uruguay
| | - Bruno D'Alessandro
- Departamento de Desarrollo Biotecnológico, Instituto de Higiene, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - María Inés Mota
- Departamento de Bacteriología y Virología, Instituto de Higiene, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Valeria Braga
- Departamento de Bacteriología y Virología, Instituto de Higiene, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Alejandro Buschiazzo
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular y Estructural, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Edgardo Gianneechini
- Laboratorio Regional Noroeste DILAVE 'Miguel C. Rubino' DGSG-MGAP, Paysandú, Uruguay
| | - Gustavo Varela
- Departamento de Bacteriología y Virología, Instituto de Higiene, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Rodolfo Rivero
- Laboratorio Regional Noroeste DILAVE 'Miguel C. Rubino' DGSG-MGAP, Paysandú, Uruguay
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18
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Liao Y, Liu L, Zhou H, Fang F, Liu X. Case Report: Refractory Listeria innocua Meningoencephalitis in a Three-Year-Old Boy. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:857900. [PMID: 35664865 PMCID: PMC9160653 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.857900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria innocua is widely distributed in the environment and food and is considered a non-pathogenic bacterium for both humans and animals. To our knowledge, only a few cases of L. innocua infection in humans and ruminants have been reported. Moreover, there has been no report on human L. innocua meningoencephalitis. Here, we report a case of severe refractory meningoencephalitis in a three-year-old boy after infection with L. innocua. The child's first symptoms were a runny nose, high fever, and rashes, which quickly progressed to unconsciousness and convulsions. The initial analysis of cerebral spinal fluid revealed remarkably elevated protein levels and increased white blood cells count. The blood culture of the patient in the early stage was positive for L. innocua. In addition, his brain imaging tests were observed dynamically, and the result showed a speedy progression from multiple intracranial abnormal signals to hydrocephalus and interstitial cerebral edema. After receiving antibiotics and symptomatic treatment for nearly 3 months, the patient's condition improved markedly. However, he still had residual complications such as hydrocephalus. Although L. innocua is considered harmless, it can still cause disease in humans, even severe meningoencephalitis, with rapid progression and poor prognosis. Early discovery, diagnosis, and treatment are necessary to elevate the survival rate and life quality of those patients. Antibiotics should be used with sufficient duration and dosage. Cephalosporins are not suitable for the treatment of L. innocua meningoencephalitis and penicillin antibiotics are preferred for children. The presentation of this case will help to expand our knowledge of Listeria infections and provide a potential candidate for pathogens causing severe childhood central nervous system infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liao
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lingling Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hua Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Feng Fang
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinglou Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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19
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ROSA MCD, IACUZIO R, BARBOSA GR, PEREIRA RDCL, CRUZADO-BRAVO M, RALL VLM, VALLIM DC, SILVA NCC. Detection of Listeria innocua in the dairy processing chain: resistance to antibiotics and essential oils. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.81421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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20
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Quereda JJ, Morón-García A, Palacios-Gorba C, Dessaux C, García-del Portillo F, Pucciarelli MG, Ortega AD. Pathogenicity and virulence of Listeria monocytogenes: A trip from environmental to medical microbiology. Virulence 2021; 12:2509-2545. [PMID: 34612177 PMCID: PMC8496543 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2021.1975526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a saprophytic gram-positive bacterium, and an opportunistic foodborne pathogen that can produce listeriosis in humans and animals. It has evolved an exceptional ability to adapt to stress conditions encountered in different environments, resulting in a ubiquitous distribution. Because some food preservation methods and disinfection protocols in food-processing environments cannot efficiently prevent contaminations, L. monocytogenes constitutes a threat to human health and a challenge to food safety. In the host, Listeria colonizes the gastrointestinal tract, crosses the intestinal barrier, and disseminates through the blood to target organs. In immunocompromised individuals, the elderly, and pregnant women, the pathogen can cross the blood-brain and placental barriers, leading to neurolisteriosis and materno-fetal listeriosis. Molecular and cell biology studies of infection have proven L. monocytogenes to be a versatile pathogen that deploys unique strategies to invade different cell types, survive and move inside the eukaryotic host cell, and spread from cell to cell. Here, we present the multifaceted Listeria life cycle from a comprehensive perspective. We discuss genetic features of pathogenic Listeria species, analyze factors involved in food contamination, and review bacterial strategies to tolerate stresses encountered both during food processing and along the host's gastrointestinal tract. Then we dissect host-pathogen interactions underlying listerial pathogenesis in mammals from a cell biology and systemic point of view. Finally, we summarize the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and clinical features of listeriosis in humans and animals. This work aims to gather information from different fields crucial for a comprehensive understanding of the pathogenesis of L. monocytogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan J. Quereda
- Departamento de Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública Veterinaria y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities. Valencia, Spain
| | - Alvaro Morón-García
- Departamento de Biología Celular. Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Madrid, Spain
| | - Carla Palacios-Gorba
- Departamento de Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública Veterinaria y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities. Valencia, Spain
| | - Charlotte Dessaux
- Departamento de Biotecnología Microbiana, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB)- Consejo Superior De Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco García-del Portillo
- Departamento de Biotecnología Microbiana, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB)- Consejo Superior De Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Graciela Pucciarelli
- Departamento de Biotecnología Microbiana, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB)- Consejo Superior De Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Biología Molecular ‘Severo Ochoa’. Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. Madrid, Spain
| | - Alvaro D. Ortega
- Departamento de Biología Celular. Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología Microbiana, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB)- Consejo Superior De Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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21
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Mumcuoglu KY, Arslan-Akveran G, Aydogdu S, Karasartova D, Kosar N, Gureser AS, Shacham B, Taylan-Ozkan A. Pathogens in ticks collected in Israel: I. Bacteria and protozoa in Hyalomma aegyptium and Hyalomma dromedarii collected from tortoises and camels. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2021; 13:101866. [PMID: 34798529 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2021.101866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Ticks were collected from 30 Greek tortoise (Testudo graeca), and 10 Arabian camels (dromedary) (Camelus dromedarius) in Israel. All those collected from Greek tortoises belonged to Hyalomma aegyptium, while all specimens collected from the camels belonged to Hyalomma dromedarii. Out of 84 specimens of H. aegyptium, 31 pools were examined by PCR, while from 75 H. dromedarii specimens nine pools were studied. Out of 31 pools of H. aegyptium 26 were positive for pathogens or endosymbiont; 14 for one, 11 for two and one for three pathogens. Out of nine pools prepared from H. dromedarii, seven were positive for pathogens (two for C. burnetii and five for Leishmania infantum). In H. aegyptium, Rickettsia africae, Rickettsia aeschlimannii, Rickettsia endosymbiont, Coxiella burnetii, Hemolivia mauritanica, Babesia microti, Theileria sp., and Leishmania infantum was detected, while in H. dromedarii C. burnetii and L. infantum were found. None of the ticks were positive for Anaplasma/Ehrlichia, Listeria monocytogenes, Bartonella spp., Hepatozoon spp. and Toxoplasma gondii. H Rickettsia endosymbionts, C. burnetii, B. microti, Theileria sp. and L. infantum are reported for the first time in H. aegyptium, and C. burnetii and L. infantum for the first time in H. dromedarii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosta Y Mumcuoglu
- Parasitology Unit, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, The Kuvin Center for the Study of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Gonul Arslan-Akveran
- Department of Food Processing, Alaca Avni Celik Vocational School, Hitit University, Corum, Turkey
| | - Sabiha Aydogdu
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Science, Hitit University, Corum, Turkey
| | | | - Nezahat Kosar
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Hitit University, Corum, Turkey
| | | | - Boaz Shacham
- National Natural History Collections, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Safra Campus, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Aysegul Taylan-Ozkan
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Hitit University, Corum, Turkey; Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, TOBB University of Economics and Technology, Ankara, Turkey
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22
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Zhao Q, Hu P, Li Q, Zhang S, Li H, Chang J, Jiang Q, Zheng Y, Li Y, Liu Z, Ren H, Lu S. Prevalence and transmission characteristics of Listeria species from ruminants in farm and slaughtering environments in China. Emerg Microbes Infect 2021; 10:356-364. [PMID: 33560938 PMCID: PMC7928038 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2021.1888658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is an important foodborne pathogen, and is ubiquitously distributed in the natural environment. Cattle and sheep, as natural hosts, can transmit L. monocytogenes to related meat and dairy products. In this study, the prevalence, distribution, and transmission characteristics of Listeria were analysed by investigating 5214 samples of cattle and sheep in farm and slaughtering environments in China. A low contamination incidence of L. monocytogenes (0.5%, 20/4430) was observed in farm environment, but there was a high contamination incidence in slaughtering environment (9.4%, 74/784). The incidence of L. innocua in cattle and sheep farm and slaughtering environments is more common and significantly higher (9.7%, 508/5214) than that of L. monocytogenes (1.8%, 94/5214). The distinct molecular and genetic characteristics of Listeria by PFGE and MLST indicated that L. monocytogenes and L. innocua were gradually transmitted from the farm and slaughtering environments to end products, such as beef and mutton along the slaughtering chain. The ST7, ST9, ST91, and ST155 found in our study were associated with the human listeriosis cases in China. In addition, the findings of virulence markers (inlC, inlJ, LIPI-3, LIPI-4, and ECIII) concerned with the pathogenesis of human listeriosis and antibiotics resistance of L. monocytogenes in this study implies a potential public health risk. This study fills the gap in the epidemiology of beef cattle and sheep that carry Listeria in farm and slaughtering environments in major cattle and sheep producing areas in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, Double First-class Discipline of Human-animal Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Pan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, Double First-class Discipline of Human-animal Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianqian Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, Double First-class Discipline of Human-animal Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Shasha Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, Double First-class Discipline of Human-animal Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanxiao Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, Double First-class Discipline of Human-animal Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang Chang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, Double First-class Discipline of Human-animal Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiujie Jiang
- Jilin Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, Double First-class Discipline of Human-animal Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Yansong Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, Double First-class Discipline of Human-animal Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Zengshan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, Double First-class Discipline of Human-animal Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Honglin Ren
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, Double First-class Discipline of Human-animal Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiying Lu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, Double First-class Discipline of Human-animal Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
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Yousefi A, Karbalaei M, Keikha M. Extraintestinal infection of Listeria monocytogenes and susceptibility to spontaneous abortion during pregnancy: A systematic review and meta-analysis. World J Meta-Anal 2021; 9:317-326. [DOI: 10.13105/wjma.v9.i3.317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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Making Sense of the Biodiversity and Virulence of Listeria monocytogenes. Trends Microbiol 2021; 29:811-822. [PMID: 33583696 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2021.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen responsible for listeriosis, an infection that can manifest in humans as bacteremia, meningoencephalitis in immunocompromised patients and the elderly, and fetal-placental infection in pregnant women. Reference strains from this facultative intracellular bacterium have been instrumental in the investigation of basic mechanisms in microbiology, immunology, and cell biology. The integration of bacterial population genomics with environmental, epidemiological, and clinical data allowed the uncovering of new factors involved in the virulence of L. monocytogenes and its adaptation to different environments. This review illustrates how these investigations have led to a better understanding of the bacterium's virulence and the driving forces that shaped it.
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Virulence Characterization of Listeria monocytogenes, Listeria innocua, and Listeria welshimeri Isolated from Fish and Shrimp Using In Vivo Early Zebrafish Larvae Models and Molecular Study. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9121028. [PMID: 33302405 PMCID: PMC7762612 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9121028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeriosis is one of the most notable foodborne diseases and is characterized by high rates of mortality. L. monocytogenes is the main cause of human listeriosis outbreaks, however, there are isolated cases of disease caused by other species of the genus Listeria. The aim of this study was to evaluate strains of L. monocytogenes (n = 7), L. innocua (n = 6), and L. welshimeri (n = 2) isolated from fish and shrimps for their virulence based on the presence of virulence genes and the in vivo Danio rerio (zebrafish) larvae models. A total of 15 strains were analyzed. The zebrafish larvae model showed that the larvae injected with L. monocytogenes strains were characterized by the lowest survival rate (46.5%), followed by L. innocua strains (64.2%) and L. welshimeri (83.0%) strains. Multiplex PCRs were used for detection of selected virulence genes (luxS, actA2, prfA, inlB, rrn, iap, sigB, plcB, actA, hlyA), the majority of which were present in L. monocytogenes. Only a few virulence-related genes were found in L. welshimeri, however, no correlation between the occurrence of these genes and larval survival was confirmed. This research highlights the importance of the potential impact that Listeria spp. strains isolated from fish and shrimps may have on consumers.
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Caggiano G, Diella G, Trerotoli P, Lopuzzo M, Triggiano F, Ricci M, Marcotrigiano V, Montagna MT, De Giglio O. A Pilot Survey on Hygienic-Sanitary Characteristics of Ready-To-Eat Sauces and Pesto. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:5005. [PMID: 32664624 PMCID: PMC7400197 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17145005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the chaotic habits of modern life have favored the consumption of quickly prepared meals, using ready-to-eat (RTE) foods and condiments. The aim of this study was to establish the microbiological safety of RTE sauces and pesto from markets analyzed at different stages of shelf life. In the bacterial investigation, all samples were shown to be acceptable, although differences were observed concerning shelf life times. On the other hand, the fungal investigation showed frequent positive results, with concentrations higher than threshold values. Detected microbial diffusion was the lowest when products were far from the expiry date and had just been opened, while high microbial proliferation was observed when analyzing the same package after 48 h, higher than for a product close to the end of its shelf life. This study highlights the discreet microbiological quality of processed and RTE foods, underlining the importance of hygienic-sanitary surveillance of these foods to their shelf life. Consequently, it is necessary to: (1) implement a food control plan for all food categories to carry out risk analysis associated with their consumption; and (2) better adapt the regulations relating to microbiological analysis, and understand the biological significance of each microbial parameter throughout the shelf life of foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Caggiano
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology Hygiene Section–University of Bari Aldo Moro, Medical School, Piazza G. Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy; (G.D.); (P.T.); (M.L.); (F.T.); (O.D.G.)
| | - Giusy Diella
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology Hygiene Section–University of Bari Aldo Moro, Medical School, Piazza G. Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy; (G.D.); (P.T.); (M.L.); (F.T.); (O.D.G.)
| | - Paolo Trerotoli
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology Hygiene Section–University of Bari Aldo Moro, Medical School, Piazza G. Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy; (G.D.); (P.T.); (M.L.); (F.T.); (O.D.G.)
| | - Marco Lopuzzo
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology Hygiene Section–University of Bari Aldo Moro, Medical School, Piazza G. Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy; (G.D.); (P.T.); (M.L.); (F.T.); (O.D.G.)
| | - Francesco Triggiano
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology Hygiene Section–University of Bari Aldo Moro, Medical School, Piazza G. Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy; (G.D.); (P.T.); (M.L.); (F.T.); (O.D.G.)
| | - Massimo Ricci
- ARPA Puglia, Regional Agency of the Environmental Prevention and Protection, Department of Brindisi Operative Unit of Food and Drink, via Galanti, 16, 72100 Brindisi, Italy;
| | - Vincenzo Marcotrigiano
- Department of Prevention, Food Hygiene and Nutrition Service, Local Health Unit BT, Barletta-Andria-Trani, 76125 Trani, Italy;
| | - Maria Teresa Montagna
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology Hygiene Section–University of Bari Aldo Moro, Medical School, Piazza G. Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy; (G.D.); (P.T.); (M.L.); (F.T.); (O.D.G.)
| | - Osvalda De Giglio
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology Hygiene Section–University of Bari Aldo Moro, Medical School, Piazza G. Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy; (G.D.); (P.T.); (M.L.); (F.T.); (O.D.G.)
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Fusco V, Chieffi D, Fanelli F, Logrieco AF, Cho G, Kabisch J, Böhnlein C, Franz CMAP. Microbial quality and safety of milk and milk products in the 21st century. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2020; 19:2013-2049. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzina Fusco
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production National Research Council of Italy (CNR‐ISPA) Bari Italy
| | - Daniele Chieffi
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production National Research Council of Italy (CNR‐ISPA) Bari Italy
| | - Francesca Fanelli
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production National Research Council of Italy (CNR‐ISPA) Bari Italy
| | - Antonio F. Logrieco
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production National Research Council of Italy (CNR‐ISPA) Bari Italy
| | - Gyu‐Sung Cho
- Department of Microbiology and BiotechnologyMax‐Rubner Institut Kiel Germany
| | - Jan Kabisch
- Department of Microbiology and BiotechnologyMax‐Rubner Institut Kiel Germany
| | - Christina Böhnlein
- Department of Microbiology and BiotechnologyMax‐Rubner Institut Kiel Germany
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Lepe-Balsalobre E, Lepe JA. Retos actuales en la detección e identificación de Listeria monocytogenes. REVISTA MADRILEÑA DE SALUD PÚBLICA 2020. [DOI: 10.36300/remasp.2020.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Desde el punto de vista microbiológico la identificación y detección de Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) está bien establecida, pero no bien resuelta en algunas circunstancias. En la actualidad, los mayores retos en la identificación de Lm son: la identificación segura de los aislamientos de Lm con características hemolíticas atípicas y la detección de Lm en un estado fisiológicamente viable pero no cultivable (VBNC) en respuesta al estrés. Estos aspectos, no están bien establecidos o no están contemplados en la normativa UNE-EN ISO 11290.
Desde el punto de vista de la identificación segura, los mayores problemas ocurren con los aislados de Lm con débil o ausente capacidad hemolítica, los aislados con fenotipo de hemólisis atípico y en la discriminación de los aislados de Listeria innocua con características hemolíticas.
Respecto a la detección Lm con fenotipo de no cultivabilidad, los problemas radican en la puesta en evidencia de los aislados en las biopelículas que se forman en las instalaciones de procesamiento de alimentos o en las infecciones que involucran dispositivos protésicos. Otro hecho importante, es la detección en las hojas de los vegetales sometidos a procesos de conservación y en las infecciones que producen abscesos.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - José A. Lepe
- Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío. Sevilla.España
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Gwida M, Lüth S, El-Ashker M, Zakaria A, El-Gohary F, Elsayed M, Kleta S, Al Dahouk S. Contamination Pathways can Be Traced along the Poultry Processing Chain by Whole Genome Sequencing of Listeria innocua. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8030414. [PMID: 32183339 PMCID: PMC7143663 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8030414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Foodborne infection with Listeria causes potentially life-threatening disease listeriosis. Listeria monocytogenes is widely recognized as the only species of public health concern, and the closely related species Listeria innocua is commonly used by the food industry as an indicator to identify environmental conditions that allow for presence, growth, and persistence of Listeria spp. in general. In our study, we analyze the occurrence of Listeria spp. in a farm-to-fork approach in a poultry production chain in Egypt and identify bacterial entry gates and transmission systems. Prevalence of Listeria innocua at the three production stages (farm, slaughterhouse, food products) ranged from 11% to 28%. The pathogenic species Listeria monocytogenes was not detected, and Listeria innocua strains under study did not show genetic virulence determinants. However, the close genetic relatedness of Listeria innocua isolates (maximum 63 SNP differences) indicated cross-contamination between all stages from farm to final food product. Based on these results, chicken can be seen as a natural source of Listeria. Last but not least, sanitary measures during production should be reassessed to prevent bacterial contamination from entering the food chain and to consequently prevent human listeriosis infections. For this purpose, surveillance must not be restricted to pathogenic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayada Gwida
- Department of Hygiene and Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt; (M.G.)
| | - Stefanie Lüth
- Department of Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
- Institute for Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Straße 1-3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Maged El-Ashker
- Department of Internal Medicine, Infectious and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Amira Zakaria
- Department of Food Hygiene and Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Fatma El-Gohary
- Department of Hygiene and Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt; (M.G.)
| | - Mona Elsayed
- Department of Hygiene and Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt; (M.G.)
| | - Sylvia Kleta
- Department of Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sascha Al Dahouk
- Department of Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
- RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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Krishnamoorthy S, Coetzee V, Kruger J, Potgieter H, Buys EM. Dysbiosis Signatures of Fecal Microbiota in South African Infants with Respiratory, Gastrointestinal, and Other Diseases. J Pediatr 2020; 218:106-113.e3. [PMID: 31952848 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2019.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the association between the fecal microbiota diversity of the infants with different disease conditions, and vitamin A supplementation, antibiotic, and deworming therapies. STUDY DESIGN In this case-control study, the bacterial community variations and the potential pathogens were identified through 16S ribosomal RNA gene-based amplicon sequencing and quantitative insights into microbial ecology pipeline in fecal samples. The participants were South African infants (mean age, 16 ± 8 months; 17 male and 17 female) hospitalized and diagnosed with gastrointestinal, respiratory, and other diseases. RESULTS The top phyla of the infants with respiratory disease were Proteobacteria, followed by Firmicutes, which were equally abundant in gastrointestinal disease. A significant difference in Shannon (alpha) diversity index (95% CI, 2.6-4.4; P = .008), among the microbiota of the fecal samples categorized by disease conditions, was observed. In beta diversity analysis of fecal microbiota, remarkable variations were found within the groups of deworming therapy (95% CI, 0.40-0.90; P = .033), disease conditions (95% CI, 0.44-0.86; P < .012) through unweighted and antibiotic therapy (95% CI, 0.20-0.75; P = .007), vitamin A intake (95% CI, 0.10-0.80; P < .033) and disease conditions (95% CI, 0.10-0.79; P = .006) through weighted UniFrac distances. The candidate pathogen associated with the disease groups were identified through analysis of the composition of microbiomes analysis. CONCLUSIONS This study provides preliminary evidence for the fecal microbiome-derived dysbiosis signature and pathobiome concept that may be observed in young children during illness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vinet Coetzee
- Department of Genetics and Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Well-being, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, South Africa
| | - Johanita Kruger
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Hanneke Potgieter
- Department of Consumer and Food Sciences and Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Well-being, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, South Africa
| | - Elna M Buys
- Department of Consumer and Food Sciences, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, South Africa
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Bacteriocins of Listeria monocytogenes and Their Potential as a Virulence Factor. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12020103. [PMID: 32033406 PMCID: PMC7076858 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12020103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal microbiota exerts protective effects against the infection of various bacterial pathogens, including Listeria monocytogenes, a major foodborne pathogen whose infection can lead to a disease (listeriosis) with a high fatality rate. As a strategy to mitigate the action of the intestinal microbiota, pathogens often produce antimicrobial proteinaceous compounds such as bacteriocins. In this review, we summarize the information currently available for the well-characterized L. monocytogenes bacteriocin listeriolysin S, with the emphasis on its intriguing mode of action as a virulence factor, which promotes the infection of L. monocytogenes by changing the composition of the intestinal microbiota. We then discuss another intriguing L. monocytogenes bacteriocin Lmo2776 that specifically inhibits the inflammogenic species, Prevotella copri, in the intestinal microbiota, reducing superfluous inflammation while weakening virulence. In addition, we describe relatively less studied phage tail-like Listeria bacteriocins (monocins) and elaborate on the possibility that these monocins could be involved in enhancing pathogenicity. In spite of the burgeoning interest in the roles played by the intestinal microbiota against the L. monocytogenes infection, our understanding on the virulence factors affecting the intestinal microbiota is still lacking, calling for further studies on bacteriocins that could function as novel virulence factors.
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32
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Kayode AJ, Igbinosa EO, Okoh AI. Overview of listeriosis in the Southern African Hemisphere—Review. J Food Saf 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adeoye J. Kayode
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), Department of Biochemistry and MicrobiologyUniversity of Fort Hare Alice South Africa
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring CenterUniversity of Fort Hare Alice South Africa
| | - Etinosa O. Igbinosa
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life SciencesPrivate Mail Bag 1154, University of Benin Benin City Nigeria
| | - Anthony I. Okoh
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), Department of Biochemistry and MicrobiologyUniversity of Fort Hare Alice South Africa
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring CenterUniversity of Fort Hare Alice South Africa
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Charlermroj R, Makornwattana M, Phuengwas S, Meerak J, Pichpol D, Karoonuthaisiri N. DNA-based bead array technology for simultaneous identification of eleven foodborne pathogens in chicken meat. Food Control 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2019.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Xu D, Deng Y, Fan R, Shi L, Bai J, Yan H. Coresistance to Benzalkonium Chloride Disinfectant and Heavy Metal Ions in Listeria monocytogenes and Listeria innocua Swine Isolates from China. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2019; 16:696-703. [PMID: 31120347 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2018.2608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of coresistance to disinfectants and heavy metals contributes to the fitness of Listeria spp. in foods or food processing environments, where life-threatening Listeria monocytogenes coexist and coevolve with other Listeria spp. Despite extensive research on L. monocytogenes, coresistance to disinfectants and heavy metals is less documented for other Listeria spp. In this study, we screened 30 L. monocytogenes and 27 Listeria innocua isolates recovered from 273 swine samples for resistance to quaternary ammonium compound benzalkonium chloride (BC) and to heavy metals cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As). Moreover, we evaluated the potential mechanisms of resistance by detecting the efflux pump activity in BC resistance and the presence of resistance determinants. The average minimum inhibitory concentrations of BC in L. innocua (10.7 ± 2.0) were significantly higher than that in L. monocytogenes (6.9 ± 3.7) (p < 0.05). Resistance to BC and heavy metals was correlated, where all BC-resistant L. innocua and As-resistant L. monocytogenes isolates were coresistant to BC and Cd. Twenty percent and 66.7% of BC resistance in L. monocytogenes and L. innocua were related to reserpine-associated efflux pumps, whereas all cases of BC resistance were related to carbonyl cyanide 3-chlorophenylhydrazone-associated efflux pumps. The cadA1 and cadA2 genes were present in Cd-resistant isolates but not in Cd-sensitive isolates, and cadA3 was undetectable in all isolates examined. cadA4 conferring lower level of Cd resistance was copresent with arsA1 and arsA2 in the Cd-resistant and As-susceptible L. monocytogenes isolate LM3. Our findings suggest that swine serves as a reservoir for developing resistance to disinfectant and heavy metals in L. monocytogenes and L. innocua, which share common resistance mechanisms such as efflux pumps and resistance genes. This work provides new insight into the coresistance events of other Listeria as a potential contributor of the resistance in L. monocytogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyang Xu
- School of Food Science and Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Deng
- State Key Testing Laboratory of Aquatic Products, Guangzhou Airport Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rongdong Fan
- School of Food Science and Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Food Safety Technology for Meat Products, Fujian, China
| | - Jianshan Bai
- State Key Testing Laboratory of Aquatic Products, Guangzhou Airport Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Guangzhou, China
| | - He Yan
- School of Food Science and Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
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Atypical Hemolytic Listeria innocua Isolates Are Virulent, albeit Less than Listeria monocytogenes. Infect Immun 2019; 87:IAI.00758-18. [PMID: 30670551 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00758-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Listeria innocua is considered a nonpathogenic Listeria species. Natural atypical hemolytic L. innocua isolates have been reported but have not been characterized in detail. Here, we report the genomic and functional characterization of representative isolates from the two known natural hemolytic L. innocua clades. Whole-genome sequencing confirmed the presence of Listeria pathogenicity islands (LIPI) characteristic of Listeria monocytogenes species. Functional assays showed that LIPI-1 and inlA genes are transcribed, and the corresponding gene products are expressed and functional. Using in vitro and in vivo assays, we show that atypical hemolytic L. innocua is virulent, can actively cross the intestinal epithelium, and spreads systemically to the liver and spleen, albeit to a lesser degree than the reference L. monocytogenes EGDe strain. Although human exposure to hemolytic L. innocua is likely rare, these findings are important for food safety and public health. The presence of virulence traits in some L. innocua clades supports the existence of a common virulent ancestor of L. monocytogenes and L. innocua.
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Listerial meningitis: Atypical strain and misidentification by the automated identification system (Vitek2). Med J Armed Forces India 2019; 75:99-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mjafi.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Abay S, Çakır Bayram L, Aydin F, Müştak HK, Diker KS, Erol İ. Pathogenicity, genotyping and antibacterial susceptibility of the Listeria spp. recovered from stray dogs. Microb Pathog 2018; 126:123-133. [PMID: 30381253 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of Listeria spp. in stray dogs in the Kayseri province of Turkey. In addition, serotyping, genotyping and virulence gene analysis of the isolated Listeria spp. were performed and their pathogenicity and antibacterial susceptibility were investigated. The study included 80 rectal swaps taken from 80 stray dogs of different ages and gender that were sheltered in the Kayseri Municipal Dog Shelter. Listeria selective broth and Listeria selective agar were used for the isolation of Listeria spp. and the isolates were identified using a Microbact 12L (Oxoid, England) identification test kit. 16S rDNA sequencing and species-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were performed for molecular identification of the isolates, multiplex PCR and a serological test were performed for serotyping, and PCR was used for virulence gene analysis. For determining the pathogenicity of L. monocytogenes and L. innocua isolates, a total of 100 mice (50 pregnant and 50 non-pregnant) were used. The mice were infected intraperitoneally; the inoculation dose was 1 × 109 CFU/mL and 0.2 mL was used for each animal. Tissue samples obtained from infected mice were processed for the re-isolation of the Listeria spp. and then stained with hematoxylin eosin and Brown-Brenn Gram stain. The antibiotic susceptibilities of the isolates were determined by the disk diffusion method. Listeria spp. were isolated from 5 (6.25%) of the 80 fecal samples. While 1 of the isolates was identified as L. monocytogenes, 4 of them were identified as L. innocua. Serotyping by serological and molecular methods revealed the isolate of L. monocytogenes to be serotype 1/2a. According to the phylogenetic trees, L. innocua and L. monocytogenes strains were clustered in different groups. The L. monocytogenes isolate was positive for all virulence genes tested. All L. innocua isolates were positive for the plcB gene. While all L. innocua isolates were negative for the lin1068 gene, 3 L. innocua isolates were found to be positive for the lin0558 gene. In mice infected with L. monocytogenes, pathological findings were observed in the uterus, intestines, pancreas, and heart. In mice infected with L. innocua, pathological findings were observed in the stomach, intestines and spleen. L. monocytogenes- or L. innocua-related infections or other inflammatory reactions were not observed in the brains of infected animals. On histopathological examination with Gram stain, an abundance of Listeria spp. was observed in the lesions of the liver, spleen, uterus, and kidney. Moreover, while abortion was observed in all animals infected with L. monocytogenes, it was not observed in any of the animals infected with L. innocua. Antibiotic susceptibility testing revealed that all 5 isolates were sensitive to ampicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, erythromycin, gentamicin, penicillin G, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and were resistant to nalidixic acid, streptomycin, and cefuroxime sodium. Considering also the pathogenicity of the isolated microorganisms, it can be suggested that stray dogs as carriers of Listeria spp. are a significant risk to public health. As L. innocua isolates, which are considered apathogenic, led to the occurrence of lesions similar to those caused by L. monocytogenes, detailed studies on the pathogenesis of L. innocua infections caused by L. innocua isolates recovered from various sources are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seçil Abay
- Erciyes University, Veterinary Faculty, Department of Microbiology, Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - Latife Çakır Bayram
- Erciyes University, Veterinary Faculty, Department of Pathology, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Fuat Aydin
- Erciyes University, Veterinary Faculty, Department of Microbiology, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Hamit Kaan Müştak
- Ankara University, Veterinary Faculty, Department of Microbiology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kadir Serdar Diker
- Ankara University, Veterinary Faculty, Department of Microbiology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - İrfan Erol
- Ankara University, Veterinary Faculty, Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Ankara, Turkey
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Prokop A, Gouin E, Villiers V, Nahori MA, Vincentelli R, Duval M, Cossart P, Dussurget O. OrfX, a Nucleomodulin Required for Listeria monocytogenes Virulence. mBio 2017; 8:e01550-17. [PMID: 29089430 PMCID: PMC5666158 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01550-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a bacterial pathogen causing severe foodborne infections in humans and animals. Listeria can enter into host cells and survive and multiply therein, due to an arsenal of virulence determinants encoded in different loci on the chromosome. Several key Listeria virulence genes are clustered in Listeria pathogenicity island 1. This important locus also contains orfX (lmo0206), a gene of unknown function. Here, we found that OrfX is a small, secreted protein whose expression is positively regulated by PrfA, the major transcriptional activator of Listeria virulence genes. We provide evidence that OrfX is a virulence factor that dampens the oxidative response of infected macrophages, which contributes to intracellular survival of bacteria. OrfX is targeted to the nucleus and interacts with the regulatory protein RybP. We show that in macrophages, the expression of OrfX decreases the level of RybP, which controls cellular infection. Collectively, these data reveal that Listeria targets RybP and evades macrophage oxidative stress for efficient infection. Altogether, OrfX is after LntA, the second virulence factor acting directly in the nucleus.IMPORTANCEListeria monocytogenes is a model bacterium that has been successfully used over the last 30 years to refine our understanding of the molecular, cellular, and tissular mechanisms of microbial pathogenesis. The major virulence factors of pathogenic Listeria species are located on a single chromosomal locus. Here, we report that the last gene of this locus encodes a small secreted nucleomodulin, OrfX, that is required for bacterial survival within macrophages and in the infected host. This work demonstrates that the production of OrfX contributes to limiting the host innate immune response by dampening the oxidative response of macrophages. We also identify a target of OrfX, RybP, which is an essential pleiotropic regulatory protein of the cell, and uncover its role in host defense. Our data reinforce the view that the secretion of nucleomodulins is an important strategy used by microbial pathogens to promote infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Prokop
- Institut Pasteur, Unité des Interactions Bactéries-Cellules, Paris, France
- Inserm, U604, Paris, France
- INRA, USC2020, Paris, France
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Edith Gouin
- Institut Pasteur, Unité des Interactions Bactéries-Cellules, Paris, France
- Inserm, U604, Paris, France
- INRA, USC2020, Paris, France
| | - Véronique Villiers
- Institut Pasteur, Unité des Interactions Bactéries-Cellules, Paris, France
- Inserm, U604, Paris, France
- INRA, USC2020, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Anne Nahori
- Institut Pasteur, Unité des Interactions Bactéries-Cellules, Paris, France
- Inserm, U604, Paris, France
- INRA, USC2020, Paris, France
| | | | - Mélodie Duval
- Institut Pasteur, Unité des Interactions Bactéries-Cellules, Paris, France
- Inserm, U604, Paris, France
- INRA, USC2020, Paris, France
| | - Pascale Cossart
- Institut Pasteur, Unité des Interactions Bactéries-Cellules, Paris, France
- Inserm, U604, Paris, France
- INRA, USC2020, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Dussurget
- Institut Pasteur, Unité des Interactions Bactéries-Cellules, Paris, France
- Inserm, U604, Paris, France
- INRA, USC2020, Paris, France
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
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Abay S, Irkin R, Aydin F, Müştak HK, Diker KS. The prevalence of major foodborne pathogens in ready-to-eat chicken meat samples sold in retail markets in Turkey and the molecular characterization of the recovered isolates. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2017.03.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Almeida RMD, Barbosa AV, Lisbôa RDC, Santos AFDM, Hofer E, Vallim DC, Hofer CB. Virulence genes and genetic relationship of L. monocytogenes isolated from human and food sources in Brazil. Braz J Infect Dis 2017; 21:282-289. [PMID: 28274807 PMCID: PMC9427587 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjid.2017.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The herein presented assay provided a bacteriological and molecular characterization of 100 samples of L. monocytogenes isolated from human (43) and food (57) sources, from several regions of Brazil, and collected between 1975 and 2013. Antigenic characterization defined 49% of serotype 4b samples, followed by 28% of serotype 1/2b, 14% of serotype 1/2c, 8% of serotype 1/2a, and 1% of serotype 3b. Both type of samples from human and food origin express the same serotype distribution. Multiplex PCR analysis showed 13 strains of type 4b with the amplification profile 4b-VI (Variant I). Virulence genes hly, inlA, inlB, inlC, inlJ, actA, plcA, and prfA were detected in all samples, highlighting a deletion of 105pb on the actA gene in 23% of serotype 4b samples. Macrorestriction profile with ApaI at PFGE showed 55 pulsotypes, with the occurrence of the same pulsotype in hospitalized patients in São Paulo in 1992 and 1997, and two other highly related pulsotypes in patients hospitalized in Rio de Janeiro in 2008. Recognized pulsotypes in listeriosis cases have also been detected in food. Thus, the prevalence of a serotype and the persistence of certain pulsotypes herald future problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosana Macedo de Almeida
- Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Laboratório de Zoonoses Bacterianas, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Faculdade de Medicina, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - André Victor Barbosa
- Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Laboratório de Zoonoses Bacterianas, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Universidade Federal Fluminense, Instituto Biomédico, Laboratório de Enteropatógenos Bacterianos, Microbiologia Veterinária e de Alimentos, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo de Castro Lisbôa
- Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Laboratório de Zoonoses Bacterianas, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Ernesto Hofer
- Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Laboratório de Zoonoses Bacterianas, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Deyse Christina Vallim
- Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Laboratório de Zoonoses Bacterianas, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Cristina Barroso Hofer
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Faculdade de Medicina, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Perelman SS, Abrams ME, Eitson JL, Chen D, Jimenez A, Mettlen M, Schoggins JW, Alto NM. Cell-Based Screen Identifies Human Interferon-Stimulated Regulators of Listeria monocytogenes Infection. PLoS Pathog 2016; 12:e1006102. [PMID: 28002492 PMCID: PMC5176324 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The type I interferon (IFN) activated transcriptional response is a critical antiviral defense mechanism, yet its role in bacterial pathogenesis remains less well characterized. Using an intracellular pathogen Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) as a model bacterial pathogen, we sought to identify the roles of individual interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) in context of bacterial infection. Previously, IFN has been implicated in both restricting and promoting Lm growth and immune stimulatory functions in vivo. Here we adapted a gain-of-function flow cytometry based approach to screen a library of more than 350 human ISGs for inhibitors and enhancers of Lm infection. We identify 6 genes, including UNC93B1, MYD88, AQP9, and TRIM14 that potently inhibit Lm infection. These inhibitors act through both transcription-mediated (MYD88) and non-transcriptional mechanisms (TRIM14). Further, we identify and characterize the human high affinity immunoglobulin receptor FcγRIa as an enhancer of Lm internalization. Our results reveal that FcγRIa promotes Lm uptake in the absence of known host Lm internalization receptors (E-cadherin and c-Met) as well as bacterial surface internalins (InlA and InlB). Additionally, FcγRIa-mediated uptake occurs independently of Lm opsonization or canonical FcγRIa signaling. Finally, we established the contribution of FcγRIa to Lm infection in phagocytic cells, thus potentially linking the IFN response to a novel bacterial uptake pathway. Together, these studies provide an experimental and conceptual basis for deciphering the role of IFN in bacterial defense and virulence at single-gene resolution. While the type I interferon response is known to be activated by both viruses and bacteria, it has mostly been characterized in terms of its antiviral properties. Listeria monocytogenes, an opportunistic Gram-positive bacterial pathogen with up to 50% mortality rate and a variety of clinical manifestations, is a potent activator of interferon secretion. In mouse models, interferon has been previously implicated in both restricting and promoting L. monocytogenes infection. Here, we utilized a high-throughput flow-cytometry based approach to screen a library of human interferon I stimulated genes (ISGs) and identified regulators of L. monocytogenes infection. These include inhibitors that act through both transcriptional (MYD88) and transcription-independent (TRIM14) mechanisms. Strikingly, expression of the human high affinity immunoglobulin receptor FcγRIa (CD64) was found to potently enhance L. monocytogenes infection. Both biochemical and cellular studies indicate that FcγRIa increases primary invasion of L. monocytogenes through a previously uncharacterized IgG-independent internalization mechanism. Together, these studies provide an important insight into the complex role of interferon response in bacterial virulence and host defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofya S. Perelman
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Michael E. Abrams
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jennifer L. Eitson
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Didi Chen
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Alyssa Jimenez
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Marcel Mettlen
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - John W. Schoggins
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JWS); (NMA)
| | - Neal M. Alto
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JWS); (NMA)
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Rosimin AA, Kim MJ, Joo IS, Suh SH, Kim KS. Simultaneous detection of pathogenic Listeria including atypical Listeria innocua in vegetables by a quadruplex PCR method. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2016.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Pusztahelyi T, Szabó J, Dombrádi Z, Kovács S, Pócsi I. Foodborne Listeria monocytogenes: A Real Challenge in Quality Control. SCIENTIFICA 2016; 2016:5768526. [PMID: 27239376 PMCID: PMC4867065 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5768526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen, and the detection and differentiation of this bacterium from the nonpathogenic Listeria species are of great importance to the food industry. Differentiation of Listeria species is very difficult, even with the sophisticated MALDI-TOF MS technique because of the close genetic relationship of the species and the usual gene transfer. The present paper emphasizes the difficulties of the differentiation through the standardized detection and confirmation according to ISO 11290-1:1996 and basic available L. monocytogenes detection methods and tests (such as API Listeria test, MALDI-TOF MS analysis, and hly gene PCR). With the increase of reports on the pathogenesis of atypical Listeria strains in humans, the significance of species level determination has become questionable, especially in food quality control, and the detection of pathogenic characteristics seems to be more relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tünde Pusztahelyi
- Central Laboratory, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi Út 138, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Judit Szabó
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Clinical Centre, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Körút 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Dombrádi
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Clinical Centre, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Körút 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Szilvia Kovács
- Central Laboratory, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi Út 138, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - István Pócsi
- Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem Tér 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
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Orsi RH, Wiedmann M. Characteristics and distribution of Listeria spp., including Listeria species newly described since 2009. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:5273-87. [PMID: 27129530 PMCID: PMC4875933 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7552-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The genus Listeria is currently comprised of 17 species, including 9 Listeria species newly described since 2009. Genomic and phenotypic data clearly define a distinct group of six species (Listeria sensu strictu) that share common phenotypic characteristics (e.g., ability to grow at low temperature, flagellar motility); this group includes the pathogen Listeria monocytogenes. The other 11 species (Listeria sensu lato) represent three distinct monophyletic groups, which may warrant recognition as separate genera. These three proposed genera do not contain pathogens, are non-motile (except for Listeria grayi), are able to reduce nitrate (except for Listeria floridensis), and are negative for the Voges-Proskauer test (except for L. grayi). Unlike all other Listeria species, species in the proposed new genus Mesolisteria are not able to grow below 7 °C. While most new Listeria species have only been identified in a few countries, the availability of molecular tools for rapid characterization of putative Listeria isolates will likely lead to future identification of isolates representing these new species from different sources. Identification of Listeria sensu lato isolates has not only allowed for a better understanding of the evolution of Listeria and virulence characteristics in Listeria but also has practical implications as detection of Listeria species is often used by the food industry as a marker to detect conditions that allow for presence, growth, and persistence of L. monocytogenes. This review will provide a comprehensive critical summary of our current understanding of the characteristics and distribution of the new Listeria species with a focus on Listeria sensu lato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato H Orsi
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Martin Wiedmann
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
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Mazza R, Piras F, Ladu D, Putzolu M, Consolati SG, Mazzette R. Identification of Listeria Spp. Strains Isolated from Meat Products and Meat Production Plants by Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction. Ital J Food Saf 2015; 4:5498. [PMID: 27800422 PMCID: PMC5076688 DOI: 10.4081/ijfs.2015.5498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Revised: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeriosis is a foodborne disease caused by Listeria monocytogenes and is considered as a serious health problem, due to the severity of symptoms and the high mortality rate. Recently, other Listeria species have been associated with disease in human and animals. The aim of this study was to develop a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in order to simultaneously detect six Listeria species (L. grayi, L. welshimeri, L. ivanovii, L. monocytogenes, L. seeligeri, L. innocua) in a single reaction. One hundred eighteen Listeria spp. strains, isolated from meat products (sausages) and processing plants (surfaces in contact and not in contact with meat), were included in the study. All the strains were submitted to biochemical identification using the API Listeria system. A multiplex PCR was developed with the aim to identify the six species of Listeria. PCR allowed to uniquely identify strains that had expressed a doubtful profile with API Listeria The results suggest that the multiplex PCR could represent a rapid and sensitive screening test, a reliable method for the detection of all Listeria species, both in contaminated food and in clinical samples, and also a tool that could be used for epidemiological purposes in food-borne outbreaks. A further application could be the development of a PCR that can be directly applied to the pre-enrichment broth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francesca Piras
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
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46
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Phylogenetic analysis of the Listeria monocytogenes based on sequencing of 16S rRNA and hlyA genes. Mol Biol Rep 2014; 41:8219-29. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-014-3724-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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47
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Favaro M, Sarmati L, Sancesario G, Fontana C. First case of Listeria innocua meningitis in a patient on steroids and eternecept. JMM Case Rep 2014. [DOI: 10.1099/jmmcr.0.003103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Favaro
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Tor Vergata University of Rome ‐ Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Loredana Sarmati
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratories, Polyclinic Tor Vergata, V. le Oxford 81, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Sancesario
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratories, Polyclinic Tor Vergata, V. le Oxford 81, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Carla Fontana
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratories, Polyclinic Tor Vergata, V. le Oxford 81, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Tor Vergata University of Rome ‐ Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
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Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of atypical Listeria monocytogenes and Listeria innocua isolated from swine slaughterhouses and meat markets. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:742032. [PMID: 24987702 PMCID: PMC4058478 DOI: 10.1155/2014/742032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In the last decade, atypical Listeria monocytogenes and L. innocua strains have been detected in food and the environment. Because of mutations in the major virulence genes, these strains have different virulence intensities in eukaryotic cells. In this study, we performed phenotypic and genotypic characterization of atypical L. monocytogenes and L. innocua isolates obtained from swine slaughterhouses and meat markets. Forty strains were studied, including isolates of L. monocytogenes and L. innocua with low-hemolytic activity. The isolates were characterized using conventional phenotypic Listeria identification tests and by the detection and analysis of L. monocytogenes-specific genes. Analysis of 16S rRNA was used for the molecular identification of the Listeria species. The L. monocytogenes isolates were positive for all of the virulence genes studied. The atypical L. innocua strains were positive for hly, plcA, and inlC. Mutations in the InlC, InlB, InlA, PI-PLC, PC-PLC, and PrfA proteins were detected in the atypical isolates. Further in vitro and transcriptomic studies are being developed to confirm the role of these mutations in Listeria virulence.
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Azizoglu RO, Gorski L, Kathariou S. Isolation of
Listeria monocytogenes
from Food and Water: Official and Experimental Protocols. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 33:9B.5.1-19. [DOI: 10.1002/9780471729259.mc09b05s33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Reha O. Azizoglu
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University Raleigh North Carolina
| | - Lisa Gorski
- Produce Safety and Microbiology Research Unit, USDA‐ARS Albany California
| | - Sophia Kathariou
- Produce Safety and Microbiology Research Unit, USDA‐ARS Albany California
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50
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Cho AR, Dong HJ, Seo KH, Cho S. Development of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for detecting Listeria monocytogenes prfA in milk. Food Sci Biotechnol 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10068-014-0064-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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