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Bullock JL, Hickey TE, Kemp TJ, Metz J, Loftus S, Haynesworth K, Castro N, Luke BT, Lowy DR, Pinto LA. Longitudinal Assessment of BNT162b2- and mRNA-1273-Induced Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Spike IgG Levels and Avidity Following Three Doses of Vaccination. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:516. [PMID: 38793767 PMCID: PMC11125776 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12050516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 vaccination-induced protection against infection is likely to be affected by functional antibody features. To understand the kinetics of antibody responses in healthy individuals after primary series and third vaccine doses, sera from the recipients of the two licensed SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines were assessed for circulating anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike IgG levels and avidity for up to 6 months post-primary series and 9 months after the third dose. Following primary series vaccination, anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike IgG levels declined from months 1 to 6, while avidity increased through month 6, irrespective of the vaccine received. The third dose of either vaccine increased anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike IgG levels and avidity and appeared to enhance antibody level persistence-generating a slower rate of decline in the 3 months following the third dose compared to the decline seen after the primary series alone. The third dose of both vaccines induced significant avidity increases 1 month after vaccination compared to the avidity response 6 months post-primary series vaccination (p ≤ 0.001). A significant difference in avidity responses between the two vaccines was observed 6 months post-third dose, where the BNT162b2 recipients had higher antibody avidity levels compared to the mRNA-1273 recipients (p = 0.020).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimmie L. Bullock
- Vaccine, Immunity and Cancer Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; (J.L.B.J.); (T.E.H.); (T.J.K.); (J.M.); (S.L.); (K.H.)
| | - Thomas E. Hickey
- Vaccine, Immunity and Cancer Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; (J.L.B.J.); (T.E.H.); (T.J.K.); (J.M.); (S.L.); (K.H.)
| | - Troy J. Kemp
- Vaccine, Immunity and Cancer Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; (J.L.B.J.); (T.E.H.); (T.J.K.); (J.M.); (S.L.); (K.H.)
| | - Jordan Metz
- Vaccine, Immunity and Cancer Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; (J.L.B.J.); (T.E.H.); (T.J.K.); (J.M.); (S.L.); (K.H.)
| | - Sarah Loftus
- Vaccine, Immunity and Cancer Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; (J.L.B.J.); (T.E.H.); (T.J.K.); (J.M.); (S.L.); (K.H.)
| | - Katarzyna Haynesworth
- Vaccine, Immunity and Cancer Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; (J.L.B.J.); (T.E.H.); (T.J.K.); (J.M.); (S.L.); (K.H.)
| | - Nicholas Castro
- Vaccine, Immunity and Cancer Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; (J.L.B.J.); (T.E.H.); (T.J.K.); (J.M.); (S.L.); (K.H.)
| | - Brian T. Luke
- Bioinformatics and Computational Science Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA;
| | - Douglas R. Lowy
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
| | - Ligia A. Pinto
- Vaccine, Immunity and Cancer Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; (J.L.B.J.); (T.E.H.); (T.J.K.); (J.M.); (S.L.); (K.H.)
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Kudryashova AM, Manuylov VA, Murzina AA, Kaira AN, Borisova OV. DYNAMICS IN MATURATION OF SARS-COV-2 RBD-SPECIFIC IGG ANTIBODY AVIDITY DEPENDING ON IMMUNIZATION TIMEFRAME AND TYPE. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTION AND IMMUNITY 2023. [DOI: 10.15789/2220-7619-dim-2049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
The aim is to study the dynamics of avidity maturation of IgG antibodies to RBD SARS-CoV-2 depending on the type of immunization (vaccination or infection), as well as on the duration and frequency of immunization.
Materials and methods. The study was performed on two cohort collected at two time of the COVID-19 pandemic. We established a cohort of 87 convalescents from COVID-19 of the pandemic in spring- winter 2020. The second cohort collected in September 2021 from 204 individuals and are represented by two groups.
The first group (n=64) vaccinations with Gam-Covid-Vac and did not report a COVID-19 disease. Hybrid immunity (second group) was achieved after a SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infection in naive individuals, who had received a two-dose COVID-19 vaccination Gam-Covid-Vac during the spring-summer of 2021.
Results and conclusions. This study allowed to determine the dynamics of avidity maturation IgG antibodies to RBD SARS-CoV-2 associated with the type and order of antigen exposure in the form of vaccination or infection.
In this article, we showed that the most effective immunity is formed in COVID-19 convalescents and then two steps vaccination Sputnik V.
Comparison of "hybrid" immunity individuals with vaccinated and COVID-19 convalescents was shown significantly higher (p0.001) and median level was 228 BAU/ml versus 75 or 119 BAU/ml, and higher level of avidity index (IA 90.5% vs. 54.5 and 76.6, respectively, p0.001).
Comparison immunization COVID-19 convalescents with vaccination a of two Sputnik V vaccination was shown that vaccination leads to higher IgG levels (median values in groups 119 and 75 BAU/ml, p0.001) and to a higher avidity index (76.6% vs. 54.5%).
It should be noted, in patients with "hybrid" immunity, the median level of avidity index was 25% versus 14.8% and 16% in COVID-19 convalescents and vaccinated (p0.001) and in 8 individuals it was higher than 50% in the test with 8M urea as a denaturing agent.
Thus, the more rapid induction of high-avidity antibodies was in vaccination individuals the early stages of immunization (up to 4 months), during the period when IgG maturation has not yet been completed.
Our results showed what during this period vaccination leads to the production of antibodies with avidity index a median level of 82% versus 36% in COVID-19 convalescents the same period.
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Yaugel-Novoa M, Bourlet T, Paul S. Role of the humoral immune response during COVID-19: guilty or not guilty? Mucosal Immunol 2022; 15:1170-1180. [PMID: 36195658 PMCID: PMC9530436 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-022-00569-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Systemic and mucosal humoral immune responses are crucial to fight respiratory viral infections in the current pandemic of COVID-19 caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. During SARS-CoV-2 infection, the dynamics of systemic and mucosal antibody infections are affected by patient characteristics, such as age, sex, disease severity, or prior immunity to other human coronaviruses. Patients suffering from severe disease develop higher levels of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in serum and mucosal tissues than those with mild disease, and these antibodies are detectable for up to a year after symptom onset. In hospitalized patients, the aberrant glycosylation of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies enhances inflammation-associated antibody Fc-dependent effector functions, thereby contributing to COVID-19 pathophysiology. Current vaccines elicit robust humoral immune responses, principally in the blood. However, they are less effective against new viral variants, such as Delta and Omicron. This review provides an overview of current knowledge about the humoral immune response to SARS-CoV-2, with a particular focus on the protective and pathological role of humoral immunity in COVID-19 severity. We also discuss the humoral immune response elicited by COVID-19 vaccination and protection against emerging viral variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melyssa Yaugel-Novoa
- CIRI—Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP (Saint-Etienne), Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS Lyon, UJM, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Thomas Bourlet
- CIRI—Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP (Saint-Etienne), Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS Lyon, UJM, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Stéphane Paul
- CIRI—Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP (Saint-Etienne), Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS Lyon, UJM, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France,CIC Inserm 1408 Vaccinology, Saint-Etienne, France
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Heireman L, Boelens J, Coorevits L, Verhasselt B, Vandendriessche S, Padalko E. Different long-term avidity maturation for IgG anti-spike and anti-nucleocapsid SARS-CoV-2 in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Acta Clin Belg 2022; 77:653-657. [PMID: 34152944 DOI: 10.1080/17843286.2021.1943231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The high variability of SARS-CoV-2 serological response after COVID-19 infection hampers its use as indicator of the timing of infection. A potential alternative method is the determination of affinity maturation of SARS-CoV-2 IgG, expressed as the SARS-CoV-2 IgG avidity. METHODS SARS-CoV-2 IgG concentration and avidity were measured in sera of hospitalized COVID-19 patients sampled at two weeks and ≥12 weeks post symptom onset using an in-house developed protocol based on EUROIMMUN (anti-spike) and EDI™ (anti-nucleocapsid) SARS-CoV-2 IgG ELISA protocols. RESULTS We included 68 confirmed COVID-19 patients that tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 IgG in both the initial and follow-up specimen sampled at a median of 14 (range 10-18) days and 120 (range 84-189) days, respectively, post symptom onset. The median anti-spike and anti-nucleocapsid SARS-CoV-2 IgG avidity response was 40% (range 9-93%) and 72% (range 27-104%), respectively, for the first sample, and 66% (range 28-90%) and 57% (range 25-94%), respectively, for the second sample. The proportion of SARS-CoV-2 IgG avidity results ≥60% was significantly lower for anti-spike compared to anti-nucleocapsid IgG for initial samples (p< 0.01) and vice versa for follow-up samples (p< 0.01). CONCLUSION Anti-nucleocapsid SARS-CoV-2 IgG maturation occurs faster and avidity decreases faster than anti-spike IgG, indicating different kinetics of anti-spike and anti-nucleocapsid IgG. Further, affinity maturation after SARS-CoV-2 infection is frequently incomplete.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Heireman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jerina Boelens
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Liselotte Coorevits
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bruno Verhasselt
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Elizaveta Padalko
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Labropoulou S, Vassilaki N, Milona RS, Terpos E, Politou M, Pappa V, Pagoni M, Grouzi E, Dimopoulos MA, Mentis A, Emmanouil M, Angelakis E. Characterizing Kinetics and Avidity of SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Responses in COVID-19 Greek Patients. Viruses 2022; 14:758. [PMID: 35458488 PMCID: PMC9024518 DOI: 10.3390/v14040758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In-depth understanding of the immune response provoked by SARS-CoV-2 infection is necessary, as there is a great risk of reinfection and a difficulty in achieving herd immunity due to a decline in both antibody concentration and avidity. Avidity testing, however, could overcome variability in the immune response associated with sex or clinical symptoms, and thus differentiate between recent and past infections. In this context, here, we analyzed SARS-CoV-2 antibody kinetics and avidity in Greek hospitalized (26%) and non-hospitalized (74%) COVID-19 patients (N = 71) in the course of up to 15 months after their infection to improve the accuracy of the serological diagnosis in dating the onset of the infection. The results showed that IgG-S1 levels decline significantly at four months (p = 0.0239) in both groups of patients and are higher in hospitalized ones (up to 2.1-fold, p < 0.001). Additionally, hospitalized patients’ titers drop greatly and are equalized to non-hospitalized ones only at a time-point of twelve to fifteen months. Antibody levels of women in total remain more stable months after infection, compared to men. Furthermore, we examined the differential maturation of IgG avidity after SARS-CoV-2 infection, showing an incomplete maturation of avidity that results in a plateau at four months after infection. We also defined 38.2% avidity (sensitivity: 58.9%, specificity: 90.91%) as an appropriate “cut-off” that could be used to determine the stage of infection before avidity reaches a plateau.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stavroula Labropoulou
- Diagnostics Department and Public Health Laboratories, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 11521 Athens, Greece; (S.L.); (A.M.); (M.E.); (E.A.)
| | - Niki Vassilaki
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 127 Vasilissis Sofias Avenue, 11521 Athens, Greece;
| | - Raphaela S. Milona
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 127 Vasilissis Sofias Avenue, 11521 Athens, Greece;
| | - Evangelos Terpos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece; (E.T.); (M.A.D.)
| | - Marianna Politou
- Hematology Laboratory Blood Bank, School of Medicine, Aretaieion Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece;
| | - Vasiliki Pappa
- Hematology Unit, Second Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Attikon University General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12461 Athens, Greece;
| | - Maria Pagoni
- BMT Unit, Department of Hematology and Lymphomas, Evangelismos General Hospital, 10676 Athens, Greece;
| | - Elisavet Grouzi
- Department of Transfusion Service and Clinical Hemostasis, “Saint Savvas” Oncology Hospital, 11522 Athens, Greece;
| | - Meletios A. Dimopoulos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece; (E.T.); (M.A.D.)
| | - Andreas Mentis
- Diagnostics Department and Public Health Laboratories, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 11521 Athens, Greece; (S.L.); (A.M.); (M.E.); (E.A.)
| | - Mary Emmanouil
- Diagnostics Department and Public Health Laboratories, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 11521 Athens, Greece; (S.L.); (A.M.); (M.E.); (E.A.)
| | - Emmanouil Angelakis
- Diagnostics Department and Public Health Laboratories, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 11521 Athens, Greece; (S.L.); (A.M.); (M.E.); (E.A.)
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Aix-Marseille University, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France
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6
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey K Aronson
- Centre for Evidence Based Medicine, Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford
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7
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Manuylov V, Burgasova O, Borisova O, Smetanina S, Vasina D, Grigoriev I, Kudryashova A, Semashko M, Cherepovich B, Kharchenko O, Kleymenov D, Mazunina E, Tkachuk A, Gushchin V. Avidity of IgG to SARS-CoV-2 RBD as a Prognostic Factor for the Severity of COVID-19 Reinfection. Viruses 2022; 14:v14030617. [PMID: 35337024 PMCID: PMC8949074 DOI: 10.3390/v14030617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The avidity index (AI) of IgG to the RBD of SARS-CoV-2 was determined for 71 patients with a mild (outpatient) course of COVID-19, including 39 primarily and 36 secondarily reinfected, and 92 patients with a severe (hospital) course of COVID-19, including 82 primarily and 10 secondarily infected. The AI was shown to correlate with the severity of repeated disease. In the group of outpatients with a mild course, the reinfected patients had significantly higher median AIs than those with primary infections (82.3% vs. 37.1%, p < 0.0001). At the same time, in patients with a severe course of COVID-19, reinfected patients still had low-avidity antibodies (median AI of 28.4% vs. 25% in the primarily infected, difference not significant, p > 0.05). This suggests that the presence of low-avidity IgG to RBD during reinfection is a negative prognostic factor, in which a patient’s risk of developing COVID-19 in a severe form is significantly increased. Thus, patients with IgG of low avidity (AI ≤ 40%) had an 89 ± 20.5% chance of a severe course of recurrent COVID-19, whereas the detection of high-avidity antibodies (AI ≥ 50%) gave a probability of 94 ± 7.9% for a mild course of recurrent disease (p < 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Manuylov
- Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (O.B.); (D.V.); (I.G.); (M.S.); (D.K.); (E.M.); (A.T.); (V.G.)
- MedipalTech LLC, 141981 Dubna, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-968-4040-955
| | - Olga Burgasova
- Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (O.B.); (D.V.); (I.G.); (M.S.); (D.K.); (E.M.); (A.T.); (V.G.)
- Medical Institute, Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Borisova
- Mechnikov Research Institute for Vaccines and Sera, 105064 Moscow, Russia; (O.B.); (A.K.); (B.C.); (O.K.)
| | | | - Daria Vasina
- Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (O.B.); (D.V.); (I.G.); (M.S.); (D.K.); (E.M.); (A.T.); (V.G.)
| | - Igor Grigoriev
- Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (O.B.); (D.V.); (I.G.); (M.S.); (D.K.); (E.M.); (A.T.); (V.G.)
| | - Alexandra Kudryashova
- Mechnikov Research Institute for Vaccines and Sera, 105064 Moscow, Russia; (O.B.); (A.K.); (B.C.); (O.K.)
| | - Maria Semashko
- Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (O.B.); (D.V.); (I.G.); (M.S.); (D.K.); (E.M.); (A.T.); (V.G.)
| | - Bogdan Cherepovich
- Mechnikov Research Institute for Vaccines and Sera, 105064 Moscow, Russia; (O.B.); (A.K.); (B.C.); (O.K.)
| | - Olga Kharchenko
- Mechnikov Research Institute for Vaccines and Sera, 105064 Moscow, Russia; (O.B.); (A.K.); (B.C.); (O.K.)
| | - Denis Kleymenov
- Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (O.B.); (D.V.); (I.G.); (M.S.); (D.K.); (E.M.); (A.T.); (V.G.)
| | - Elena Mazunina
- Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (O.B.); (D.V.); (I.G.); (M.S.); (D.K.); (E.M.); (A.T.); (V.G.)
| | - Artem Tkachuk
- Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (O.B.); (D.V.); (I.G.); (M.S.); (D.K.); (E.M.); (A.T.); (V.G.)
| | - Vladimir Gushchin
- Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (O.B.); (D.V.); (I.G.); (M.S.); (D.K.); (E.M.); (A.T.); (V.G.)
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Moura AD, da Costa HHM, Correa VA, de S Lima AK, Lindoso JAL, De Gaspari E, Hong MA, Cunha-Junior JP, Prudencio CR. Assessment of avidity related to IgG subclasses in SARS-CoV-2 Brazilian infected patients. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17642. [PMID: 34480056 PMCID: PMC8417219 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95045-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is considered a global emergency, resulting in an exacerbated crisis in the health public in the world. Although there are advances in vaccine development, it is still limited for many countries. On the other hand, an immunological response that mediates protective immunity or indicates that predict disease outcome in SARS-CoV-2 infection remains undefined. This work aimed to assess the antibody levels, avidity, and subclasses of IgG to RBD protein, in symptomatic patients with severe and mild forms of COVID-19 in Brazil using an adapted in-house RBD-IgG ELISA. The RBD IgG-ELISA showed 100% of specificity and 94.3% of sensibility on detecting antibodies in the sera of hospitalized patients. Patients who presented severe COVID-19 had higher anti-RBD IgG levels compared to patients with mild disease. Additionally, most patients analyzed displayed low antibody avidity, with 64.4% of the samples of patients who recovered from the disease and 84.6% of those who died in this avidity range. Our data also reveals an increase of IgG1 and IgG3 levels since the 8th day after symptoms onset, while IgG4 levels maintained less detectable during the study period. Surprisingly, patients who died during 8–14 and 15–21 days also showed higher anti-RBD IgG4 levels in comparison with the recovered (P < 0.05), suggesting that some life-threatening patients can elicit IgG4 to RBD antibody response in the first weeks of symptoms onset. Our findings constitute the effort to clarify IgG antibodies' kinetics, avidity, and subclasses against SARS-CoV-2 RBD in symptomatic patients with COVID-19 in Brazil, highlighting the importance of IgG antibody avidity in association with IgG4 detection as tool laboratory in the follow-up of hospitalized patients with more significant potential for life-threatening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Moura
- Center of Immunology, Institute Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Victor A Correa
- Center of Immunology, Institute Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - José A L Lindoso
- Institute of Infectology Emilio Ribas, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine, São Paulo University, São Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratory of Protozoology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Marisa A Hong
- Center of Immunology, Institute Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jair P Cunha-Junior
- Laboratory of Immunochemistry and Immunotechnology, Department of Immunology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
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9
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Inhibition of elastase enhances the adjuvanticity of alum and promotes anti-SARS-CoV-2 systemic and mucosal immunity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2102435118. [PMID: 34353890 PMCID: PMC8403952 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2102435118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
We report that suppression of the serine protease elastase reshapes innate responses induced by injected vaccines containing alum adjuvant. This reprogramming improves the induction of protective antibodies in the bloodstream and stimulates innate signals, which support the development of antibody responses in mucosal tissues. Our findings identify elastase as the innate regulator that blunts the adjuvant activity of alum. They also demonstrate that vaccination via mucosal routes is not an absolute requirement for antibody responses in mucosal tissues and secretions. Supplementation of an alum-based vaccine containing SARS-CoV-2 spike protein subunit 1 as antigen increased anti–SARS-CoV-2 immunity in the blood and mucosal secretions in mice. Thus, this strategy could help in the development of future protein-based vaccines against SARS-CoV-2. Alum, used as an adjuvant in injected vaccines, promotes T helper 2 (Th2) and serum antibody (Ab) responses. However, it fails to induce secretory immunoglobulin (Ig) A (SIgA) in mucosal tissues and is poor in inducing Th1 and cell-mediated immunity. Alum stimulates interleukin 1 (IL-1) and the recruitment of myeloid cells, including neutrophils. We investigated whether neutrophil elastase regulates the adjuvanticity of alum, and whether a strategy targeting neutrophil elastase could improve responses to injected vaccines. Mice coadministered a pharmacological inhibitor of elastase, or lacking elastase, developed high-affinity serum IgG and IgA antibodies after immunization with alum-adsorbed protein vaccines, including the spike protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2). These mice also developed broader antigen-specific CD4+ T cell responses, including high Th1 and T follicular helper (Tfh) responses. Interestingly, in the absence of elastase activity, mucosal SIgA responses were induced after systemic immunization with alum as adjuvant. Importantly, lack or suppression of elastase activity enhanced the magnitude of anti–SARS-CoV-2 spike subunit 1 (S1) antibodies, and these antibodies reacted with the same epitopes of spike 1 protein as sera from COVID-19 patients. Therefore, suppression of neutrophil elastase could represent an attractive strategy for improving the efficacy of alum-based injected vaccines for the induction of broad immunity, including mucosal immunity.
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10
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To KKW, Hung IFN, Chan KH, Yuan S, To WK, Tsang DNC, Cheng VCC, Chen Z, Kok KH, Yuen KY. Serum Antibody Profile of a Patient With Coronavirus Disease 2019 Reinfection. Clin Infect Dis 2021; 72:e659-e662. [PMID: 32966566 PMCID: PMC7543314 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa1368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently reported a patient with coronavirus disease 2019 reinfection. Here, we show that serum neutralizing antibodies could be detected during the first episode but not at the presentation of the second episode. During reinfection, neutralizing antibodies and high avidity immunoglobulin G were found within 8 days after hospitalization, whereas immunoglobulin M response was absent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelvin Kai-Wang To
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.,Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Ivan Fan-Ngai Hung
- Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Kwok-Hung Chan
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Shuofeng Yuan
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Wing-Kin To
- Department of Pathology, Princess Margaret Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Dominic Ngai-Chong Tsang
- Centre for Health Protection, Department of Health, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Vincent Chi-Chung Cheng
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.,Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Zhiwei Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Kin-Hang Kok
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Kwok-Yung Yuen
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.,Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
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11
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Gaspar EB, De Gaspari E. Avidity assay to test functionality of anti-SARS-Cov-2 antibodies. Vaccine 2021; 39:1473-1475. [PMID: 33581919 PMCID: PMC7857056 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Elizabeth De Gaspari
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Interunidades em Biotecnologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, USP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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12
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Benner SE, Patel EU, Laeyendecker O, Pekosz A, Littlefield K, Eby Y, Fernandez RE, Miller J, Kirby CS, Keruly M, Klock E, Baker OR, Schmidt HA, Shrestha R, Burgess I, Bonny TS, Clarke W, Caturegli P, Sullivan D, Shoham S, Quinn TC, Bloch EM, Casadevall A, Tobian AAR, Redd AD. SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Avidity Responses in COVID-19 Patients and Convalescent Plasma Donors. J Infect Dis 2020; 222:1974-1984. [PMID: 32910175 PMCID: PMC7499592 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Convalescent plasma therapy is a leading treatment for conferring temporary immunity to COVID-19–susceptible individuals or for use as post-exposure prophylaxis. However, not all recovered patients develop adequate antibody titers for donation and the relationship between avidity and neutralizing titers is currently not well understood. Methods SARS-CoV-2 anti-spike and anti-nucleocapsid IgG titers and avidity were measured in a longitudinal cohort of COVID-19 hospitalized patients (n = 16 individuals) and a cross-sectional sample of convalescent plasma donors (n = 130). Epidemiologic correlates of avidity were examined in donors by linear regression. The association of avidity and a high neutralizing titer (NT) were also assessed in donors using modified Poisson regression. Results Antibody avidity increased over duration of infection and remained elevated. In convalescent plasma donors, higher levels of anti-spike avidity were associated with older age, male sex, and hospitalization. Higher NTs had a stronger positive correlation with anti-spike IgG avidity (Spearman ρ = 0.386; P < .001) than with anti-nucleocapsid IgG avidity (Spearman ρ = 0.211; P = .026). Increasing levels of anti-spike IgG avidity were associated with high NT (≥160) (adjusted prevalence ratio = 1.58 [95% confidence interval = 1.19–2.12]), independent of age, sex, and hospitalization. Conclusions SARS-CoV-2 antibody avidity correlated with duration of infection and higher neutralizing titers, suggesting a potential alternative screening parameter for identifying optimal convalescent plasma donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Benner
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Eshan U Patel
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Oliver Laeyendecker
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Andrew Pekosz
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kirsten Littlefield
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yolanda Eby
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Reinaldo E Fernandez
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jernelle Miller
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Charles S Kirby
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Morgan Keruly
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ethan Klock
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Owen R Baker
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Haley A Schmidt
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ruchee Shrestha
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Imani Burgess
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Tania S Bonny
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - William Clarke
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Patrizio Caturegli
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - David Sullivan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Shmuel Shoham
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Thomas C Quinn
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Evan M Bloch
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Arturo Casadevall
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Aaron A R Tobian
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Andrew D Redd
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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13
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Quantification of antibody avidities and accurate detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in serum and saliva on plasmonic substrates. Nat Biomed Eng 2020; 4:1188-1196. [DOI: 10.1038/s41551-020-00642-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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14
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Huang AT, Garcia-Carreras B, Hitchings MDT, Yang B, Katzelnick LC, Rattigan SM, Borgert BA, Moreno CA, Solomon BD, Trimmer-Smith L, Etienne V, Rodriguez-Barraquer I, Lessler J, Salje H, Burke DS, Wesolowski A, Cummings DAT. A systematic review of antibody mediated immunity to coronaviruses: kinetics, correlates of protection, and association with severity. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4704. [PMID: 32943637 PMCID: PMC7499300 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18450-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 605] [Impact Index Per Article: 151.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Many public health responses and modeled scenarios for COVID-19 outbreaks caused by SARS-CoV-2 assume that infection results in an immune response that protects individuals from future infections or illness for some amount of time. The presence or absence of protective immunity due to infection or vaccination (when available) will affect future transmission and illness severity. Here, we review the scientific literature on antibody immunity to coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2 as well as the related SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and endemic human coronaviruses (HCoVs). We reviewed 2,452 abstracts and identified 491 manuscripts relevant to 5 areas of focus: 1) antibody kinetics, 2) correlates of protection, 3) immunopathogenesis, 4) antigenic diversity and cross-reactivity, and 5) population seroprevalence. While further studies of SARS-CoV-2 are necessary to determine immune responses, evidence from other coronaviruses can provide clues and guide future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angkana T Huang
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Virology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Bernardo Garcia-Carreras
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Matt D T Hitchings
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Bingyi Yang
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Leah C Katzelnick
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Susan M Rattigan
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Brooke A Borgert
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Carlos A Moreno
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Benjamin D Solomon
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Luke Trimmer-Smith
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Veronique Etienne
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Comparative, Diagnostic & Population Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | - Justin Lessler
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Henrik Salje
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Donald S Burke
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Amy Wesolowski
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Derek A T Cummings
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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15
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Luo YR, Chakraborty I, Yun C, Wu AHB, Lynch KL. Kinetics of SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Avidity Maturation and Association with Disease Severity. Clin Infect Dis 2020; 73:e3095-e3097. [PMID: 32927483 PMCID: PMC7543300 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa1389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The kinetics of IgG avidity maturation during SARS-CoV-2 infection was studied. The IgG avidity assay used a novel label-free immunoassay technology. It was found that there was a strong correlation between IgG avidity and days since symptom onset, and peak readings were significantly higher in severe than mild disease cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqi Ruben Luo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco and Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Cassandra Yun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco and Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Alan H B Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco and Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kara L Lynch
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco and Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, CA, USA
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16
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Shu H, Wang S, Ruan S, Wang Y, Zhang J, Yuan Y, Liu H, Wu Y, Li R, Pan S, Ouyang Y, Yuan S, Zhou P, Shang Y. Dynamic Changes of Antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19 Patients at Early Stage of Outbreak. Virol Sin 2020; 35:744-751. [PMID: 32720214 PMCID: PMC7383121 DOI: 10.1007/s12250-020-00268-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2, has spread around the world with high mortality. To diagnose promptly and accurately is the vital step to effectively control its pandemic. Dynamic characteristics of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies which are important for diagnosis of infection have not been fully demonstrated. In this retrospective, single-center, observational study, we enrolled the initial 131 confirmed cases of COVID-19 at Jin-Yin-Tan Hospital who had at least one-time antibody tested during their hospitalization. The dynamic changes of IgM and IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein in 226 serum samples were detected by ELISA. The sensitivities of IgM and IgG ELISA detection were analyzed. Result showed that the sensitivity of the IgG ELISA detection (92.5%) was significantly higher than that of the IgM (70.8%) (P < 0.001). The meantimes of seroconversion for IgM and IgG were 6 days and 3 days, respectively. The IgM and IgG antibody levels peaked at around 18 days and 23 days, and then IgM fell to below the baseline level at about day 36, whereas IgG maintained at a relatively high level. In conclusion, antibodies should be detected to aid in diagnosis of COVID-19 infection. IgG could be a sensitive indicator for retrospective diagnosis and contact tracing, while IgM could be an indicator of early infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaqing Shu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.,Institute of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | | | | | - Yaxin Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.,Institute of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Jiancheng Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.,Institute of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yin Yuan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.,Institute of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.,Institute of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.,Jin-Yin-Tan Hospital, Wuhan, 430023, China
| | - Yongran Wu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.,Institute of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.,Jin-Yin-Tan Hospital, Wuhan, 430023, China
| | - Ruiting Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.,Institute of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Shangwen Pan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.,Institute of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yaqi Ouyang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.,Institute of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Shiying Yuan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.,Institute of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.,Jin-Yin-Tan Hospital, Wuhan, 430023, China
| | - Peng Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| | - You Shang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China. .,Institute of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China. .,Jin-Yin-Tan Hospital, Wuhan, 430023, China.
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17
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Bauer G. The variability of the serological response to SARS-corona virus-2: Potential resolution of ambiguity through determination of avidity (functional affinity). J Med Virol 2020; 93:311-322. [PMID: 32633840 PMCID: PMC7361859 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Data on the serological response toward severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) in 16 recent reports were analyzed and a high degree of variability was shown. Immunoglobulin M (IgM) responses were either found earlier than IgG, or together with IgG, later than IgG, or were missing. Therefore, clear distinctions between early, intermediate, and past infections are obviously not possible merely on the basis of IgM and IgG determinations. A review of publications on the serology of other virus groups shows that variable IgM responses can be found as well and therefore are not unique for SARS‐CoV‐2 infections. A model to explain this variability is proposed. The inclusion of avidity determination into regular diagnostic procedures has allowed to resolve such “atypical” serological constellations. The potential use of avidity determination for the diagnosis of COVID‐19, for risk assessment, epidemiological studies, analysis of cross reactions, as well as for the control of vaccination programs is suggested and discussed. The serological response to SARS CoV‐2 infection is highly variable. The mere detection of specific IgM and IgG does not allow to distinguish between acute and past infection. The variable IgM and IgG responses after SARS CoV‐2 infection are analogous to serological findings in other virus systems. Variable IgM and IgG responses can be rationally explained by models that describe immunoglobulin production by the immune system. Avidity determination of SARS CoV‐2 IgG is suggested for resolution of diagnostic ambiguity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Bauer
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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18
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A Novel Supplementation Approach to Enhance Host Response to Sublingual Vaccination. Sci Rep 2019; 9:715. [PMID: 30679470 PMCID: PMC6346055 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36370-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sublingual immunization is emerging as an alternative to nasal immunization and induction of mucosal IgA responses. Using Bacillus anthracis edema toxin (EdTx) as an adjuvant, we previously showed that innate responses triggered after sublingual immunization could limit generation of IgA responses. We tested whether co-administration of a neutrophil elastase inhibitor (NEI) could rescue the ability of EdTx to induce broad antibody responses, including mucosal IgA. NEI supplementation of sublingual vaccines containing EdTx promoted antigen-specific serum IgA responses but also enhanced serum IgG1, and IgG2b responses. This enhancing effect of NEI did not extend to all antibody isotypes and IgG sublclasses, since NEI reduced serum IgE responses and did not affect IgG2a/c and IgG3 responses. NEI supplementation also promoted anti-Bacillus anthracis protective antigen (PA) neutralizing antibodies and enhanced high affinity IgG1 and IgA antibodies. In addition to serum IgA, NEI supplementation stimulated antigen-specific mucosal IgA responses in the GI tract, and enhanced antigen-specific IgG responses in vaginal washes. Analysis of CD4+ T helper cell responses revealed that co-administration of NEI broadened the profile of cytokine responses, by stimulating Th1, Th2, Th17, and Tfh cytokines. We also noted that NEI had a higher stimulatory effect on IL-5, IL-10, IL-17 responses.
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19
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Russell MS, Muralidharan A, Larocque L, Cao J, Deschambault Y, Varga J, Thulasi Raman SN, Li X. Identification and characterisation of the CD40-ligand of Sigmodon hispidus. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0199067. [PMID: 30052641 PMCID: PMC6063397 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cotton rats are an important animal model to study infectious diseases. They have demonstrated higher susceptibility to a wider variety of human pathogens than other rodents and are also the animal model of choice for pre-clinical evaluations of some vaccine candidates. However, the genome of cotton rats remains to be fully sequenced, with much fewer genes cloned and characterised compared to other rodent species. Here we report the cloning and characterization of CD40 ligand, whose human and murine counterparts are known to be expressed on a range of cell types including activated T cells and B cells, dendritic cells, granulocytes, macrophages and platelets and exerts a broad array of immune responses. The cDNA for cotton rat CD40L we isolated is comprised of 1104 nucleotides with an open reading frame (ORF) of 783bp coding for a 260 amino acid protein. The recombinant cotton rat CD40L protein was recognized by an antibody against mouse CD40L. Moreover, it demonstrated functional activities on immature bone marrow dendritic cells by upregulating surface maturation markers (CD40, CD54, CD80, and CD86), and increasing IL-6 gene and protein expression. The availability of CD40L gene identity could greatly facilitate mechanistic research on pathogen-induced-immunopathogenesis and vaccine-elicited immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marsha S. Russell
- Centre for Biologics Evaluation, Biologics and Genetic Therapies Directorate, HPFB, Health Canada and WHO Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of Biologicals, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Abenaya Muralidharan
- Centre for Biologics Evaluation, Biologics and Genetic Therapies Directorate, HPFB, Health Canada and WHO Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of Biologicals, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Louise Larocque
- Centre for Biologics Evaluation, Biologics and Genetic Therapies Directorate, HPFB, Health Canada and WHO Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of Biologicals, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jingxin Cao
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Yvon Deschambault
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Jessie Varga
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Sathya N. Thulasi Raman
- Centre for Biologics Evaluation, Biologics and Genetic Therapies Directorate, HPFB, Health Canada and WHO Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of Biologicals, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xuguang Li
- Centre for Biologics Evaluation, Biologics and Genetic Therapies Directorate, HPFB, Health Canada and WHO Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of Biologicals, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
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20
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Natural Pig Plasma Immunoglobulins Have Anti-Bacterial Effects: Potential for Use as Feed Supplement for Treatment of Intestinal Infections in Pigs. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0147373. [PMID: 26824607 PMCID: PMC4744083 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an increasing demand for non-antibiotics solutions to control infectious disease in intensive pig production. Here, one such alternative, namely pig antibodies purified from slaughterhouse blood was investigated in order to elucidate its potential usability to control post-weaning diarrhoea (PWD), which is one of the top indications for antibiotics usage in the pig production. A very cost-efficient and rapid one-step expanded bed adsorption (EBA) chromatography procedure was used to purify pig immunoglobulin G from slaughterhouse pig plasma (more than 100 litres), resulting in >85% pure pig IgG (ppIgG). The ppIgG thus comprised natural pig immunoglobulins and was subsequently shown to contain activity towards four pig-relevant bacterial strains (three different types of Escherichia coli and one type of Salmonella enterica) but not towards a fish pathogen (Yersinia ruckeri), and was demonstrated to inhibit the binding of the four pig relevant bacteria to a pig intestinal cell line (IPEC-J2). Finally it was demonstrated in an in vivo weaning piglet model for intestinal colonization with an E. coli F4+ challenge strain that ppIgG given in the feed significantly reduced shedding of the challenge strain, reduced the proportion of the bacterial family Enterobacteriaceae, increased the proportion of families Enterococcoceae and Streptococcaceae and generally increased ileal microbiota diversity. Conclusively, our data support the idea that natural IgG directly purified from pig plasma and given as a feed supplement can be used in modern swine production as an efficient and cost-effective means for reducing both occurrence of PWD and antibiotics usage and with a potential for the prevention and treatment of other intestinal infectious diseases even if the causative agent might not be known.
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21
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Gressner AM, Arndt T. A. LEXIKON DER MEDIZINISCHEN LABORATORIUMSDIAGNOSTIK 2013. [PMCID: PMC7123472 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-12921-6_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Lavoria MÁ, Di-Giacomo S, Bucafusco D, Franco-Mahecha OL, Pérez-Filgueira DM, Capozzo AV. Avidity and subtyping of specific antibodies applied to the indirect assessment of heterologous protection against Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus in cattle. Vaccine 2012; 30:6845-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2012] [Revised: 09/04/2012] [Accepted: 09/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Franco Mahecha O, Ogas Castells M, Combessies G, Lavoria M, Wilda M, Mansilla F, Seki C, Grigera P, Capozzo A. Single dilution Avidity-Blocking ELISA as an alternative to the Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus neutralization test. J Virol Methods 2011; 175:228-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2011.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2011] [Revised: 05/11/2011] [Accepted: 05/12/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Coexistence of different genotypes in the same bat and serological characterization of Rousettus bat coronavirus HKU9 belonging to a novel Betacoronavirus subgroup. J Virol 2010; 84:11385-94. [PMID: 20702646 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01121-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Rousettus bat coronavirus HKU9 (Ro-BatCoV HKU9), a recently identified coronavirus of novel Betacoronavirus subgroup D, from Leschenault's rousette, was previously found to display marked sequence polymorphism among genomes of four strains. Among 10 bats with complete RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), spike (S), and nucleocapsid (N) genes sequenced, three and two sequence clades for all three genes were codetected in two and five bats, respectively, suggesting the coexistence of two or three distinct genotypes of Ro-BatCoV HKU9 in the same bat. Complete genome sequencing of the distinct genotypes from two bats, using degenerate/genome-specific primers with overlapping sequences confirmed by specific PCR, supported the coexistence of at least two distinct genomes in each bat. Recombination analysis using eight Ro-BatCoV HKU9 genomes showed possible recombination events between strains from different bat individuals, which may have allowed for the generation of different genotypes. Western blot assays using recombinant N proteins of Ro-BatCoV HKU9, Betacoronavirus subgroup A (HCoV-HKU1), subgroup B (SARSr-Rh-BatCoV), and subgroup C (Ty-BatCoV HKU4 and Pi-BatCoV HKU5) coronaviruses were subgroup specific, supporting their classification as separate subgroups under Betacoronavirus. Antibodies were detected in 75 (43%) of 175 and 224 (64%) of 350 tested serum samples from Leschenault's rousette bats by Ro-BatCoV HKU9 N-protein-based Western blot and enzyme immunoassays, respectively. This is the first report describing coinfection of different coronavirus genotypes in bats and coronavirus genotypes of diverse nucleotide variation in the same host. Such unique phenomena, and the unusual instability of ORF7a, are likely due to recombination which may have been facilitated by the dense roosting behavior and long foraging range of Leschenault's rousette.
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