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De Pascalis R, Rossi AP, Mittereder L, Takeda K, Akue A, Kurtz SL, Elkins KL. Production of IFN-γ by splenic dendritic cells during innate immune responses against Francisella tularensis LVS depends on MyD88, but not TLR2, TLR4, or TLR9. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0237034. [PMID: 32745117 PMCID: PMC7398525 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Production of IFN-γ is a key innate immune mechanism that limits replication of intracellular bacteria such as Francisella tularensis (Ft) until adaptive immune responses develop. Previously, we demonstrated that the host cell types responsible for IFN-γ production in response to murine Francisella infection include not only natural killer (NK) and T cells, but also a variety of myeloid cells. However, production of IFN-γ by mouse dendritic cells (DC) is controversial. Here, we directly demonstrated substantial production of IFN-γ by DC, as well as hybrid NK-DC, from LVS-infected wild type C57BL/6 or Rag1 knockout mice. We demonstrated that the numbers of conventional DC producing IFN-γ increased progressively over the course of 8 days of LVS infection. In contrast, the numbers of conventional NK cells producing IFN-γ, which represented about 40% of non-B/T IFN-γ-producing cells, peaked at day 4 after LVS infection and declined thereafter. This pattern was similar to that of hybrid NK-DC. To further confirm IFN-γ production by infected cells, DC and neutrophils were sorted from naïve and LVS-infected mice and analyzed for gene expression. Quantification of LVS by PCR revealed the presence of Ft DNA not only in macrophages, but also in highly purified, IFN-γ producing DC and neutrophils. Finally, production of IFN-γ by infected DC was confirmed by immunohistochemistry and confocal microscopy. Notably, IFN-γ production patterns similar to those in wild type mice were observed in cells derived from LVS-infected TLR2, TLR4, and TLR2xTLR9 knockout (KO) mice, but not from MyD88 KO mice. Taken together, these studies demonstrate the pivotal roles of DC and MyD88 in IFN-γ production and in initiating innate immune responses to this intracellular bacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto De Pascalis
- Division of Bacterial, Parasitic and Allergenic Products, Laboratory of Mucosal Pathogens and Cellular Immunology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail: (RDP); (KLE)
| | - Amy P. Rossi
- Division of Bacterial, Parasitic and Allergenic Products, Laboratory of Mucosal Pathogens and Cellular Immunology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Lara Mittereder
- Division of Bacterial, Parasitic and Allergenic Products, Laboratory of Mucosal Pathogens and Cellular Immunology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kazuyo Takeda
- Microscopy and Imaging Core, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Adovi Akue
- Flow Cytometry Core, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Sherry L. Kurtz
- Division of Bacterial, Parasitic and Allergenic Products, Laboratory of Mucosal Pathogens and Cellular Immunology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Karen L. Elkins
- Division of Bacterial, Parasitic and Allergenic Products, Laboratory of Mucosal Pathogens and Cellular Immunology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail: (RDP); (KLE)
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2
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Teixeira L, Marques RM, Ferreirinha P, Bezerra F, Melo J, Moreira J, Pinto A, Correia A, Ferreira PG, Vilanova M. Enrichment of IFN-γ producing cells in different murine adipose tissue depots upon infection with an apicomplexan parasite. Sci Rep 2016; 6:23475. [PMID: 27001522 PMCID: PMC4802212 DOI: 10.1038/srep23475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Here we report that lean mice infected with the intracellular parasite Neospora
caninum show a fast but sustained increase in the frequency of
IFN-γ-producing cells noticeable in distinct adipose tissue depots.
Moreover, IFN-γ-mediated immune memory could be evoked in vitro
in parasite antigen-stimulated adipose tissue stromal vascular fraction cells
collected from mice infected one year before. Innate or innate-like cells such as
NK, NK T and TCRγδ+ cells, but also
CD4+ and CD8+ TCRβ+
lymphocytes contributed to the IFN-γ production observed since day one
of infection. This early cytokine production was largely abrogated in IL-12/IL23
p40-deficient mice. Moreover, production of IFN-γ by stromal vascular
fraction cells isolated from these mice was markedly lower than that of wild-type
counterparts upon stimulation with parasite antigen. In wild-type mice the increased
IFN-γ production was concomitant with up-regulated expression of genes
encoding interferon-inducible GTPases and nitric oxide synthase, which are important
effector molecules in controlling intracellular parasite growth. This increased gene
expression was markedly impaired in the p40-deficient mice. Overall, these results
show that NK cells but also diverse T cell populations mediate a prompt and
widespread production of IFN-γ in the adipose tissue of N.
caninum infected mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luzia Teixeira
- Departamento de Anatomia, ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar and UMIB - Unidade Multidisciplinar de Investigação Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Raquel M Marques
- Departamento de Anatomia, ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar and UMIB - Unidade Multidisciplinar de Investigação Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro Ferreirinha
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal; IBMC-Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.,Laboratório de Imunologia Mário Arala Chaves, ICBAS, Universidade do Porto
| | - Filipa Bezerra
- Departamento de Anatomia, ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar and UMIB - Unidade Multidisciplinar de Investigação Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Melo
- Departamento de Anatomia, ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar and UMIB - Unidade Multidisciplinar de Investigação Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - João Moreira
- Departamento de Anatomia, ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar and UMIB - Unidade Multidisciplinar de Investigação Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Pinto
- Departamento de Anatomia, ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar and UMIB - Unidade Multidisciplinar de Investigação Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Alexandra Correia
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal; IBMC-Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula G Ferreira
- Departamento de Anatomia, ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar and UMIB - Unidade Multidisciplinar de Investigação Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuel Vilanova
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal; IBMC-Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.,Laboratório de Imunologia Mário Arala Chaves, ICBAS, Universidade do Porto
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3
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Mavropoulos A, Bogdanos DP, Liaskos C, Orfanidou T, Simopoulou T, Zafiriou E, Sakkas LI, Rigopoulou EI. Flow cytometric detection of p38 MAPK phosphorylation and intracellular cytokine expression in peripheral blood subpopulations from patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases. J Immunol Res 2014; 2014:671431. [PMID: 24741615 PMCID: PMC3987974 DOI: 10.1155/2014/671431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Flow cytometric analysis of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) signaling cascade is optimally achieved by methanol permeabilization protocols. Such protocols suffer from the difficulties to accurately detect intracellular cytokines and surface epitopes of infrequent cell subpopulations, which are removed by methanol. To overcome these limitations, we have modified methanol-based phosphoflow protocols using several commercially available antibody clones suitable for surface antigens, intracellular cytokines, and p38 MAPK. These included markers of B cells (CD19, CD20, and CD22), T cells (CD3, CD4, and CD8), NK (CD56 and CD7), and dendritic cells (CD11c). We have also tested surface markers of costimulatory molecules, such as CD27. We have successfully determined simultaneous expression of IFN- γ , as well as IL-10, and phosphorylated p38 in cell subsets. The optimized phosphoflow protocol has also been successfully applied in peripheral blood mononuclear cells or purified cell subpopulations from patients with various autoimmune diseases. In conclusion, our refined phosphoflow cytometric approach allows simultaneous detection of p38 MAPK activity and intracellular cytokine expression and could be used as an important tool to study signaling cascades in autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios Mavropoulos
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41110 Larissa, Greece
- Cellular Immunotherapy and Molecular Immunodiagnostics, Biomedical Section, Centre for Research & Technology Hellas (CE.R.T.H.)/Institute for Research and Technology-Thessaly (I.RE.TE.TH), 41222 Larissa, Greece
| | - Dimitrios P. Bogdanos
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41110 Larissa, Greece
- Cellular Immunotherapy and Molecular Immunodiagnostics, Biomedical Section, Centre for Research & Technology Hellas (CE.R.T.H.)/Institute for Research and Technology-Thessaly (I.RE.TE.TH), 41222 Larissa, Greece
- Division of Transplantation Immunology and Mucosal Biology, Institute of Liver Studies, King's College London School of Medicine King's College Hospital, London SE5 9RS, UK
| | - Christos Liaskos
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41110 Larissa, Greece
- Cellular Immunotherapy and Molecular Immunodiagnostics, Biomedical Section, Centre for Research & Technology Hellas (CE.R.T.H.)/Institute for Research and Technology-Thessaly (I.RE.TE.TH), 41222 Larissa, Greece
| | - Timoklia Orfanidou
- Cellular Immunotherapy and Molecular Immunodiagnostics, Biomedical Section, Centre for Research & Technology Hellas (CE.R.T.H.)/Institute for Research and Technology-Thessaly (I.RE.TE.TH), 41222 Larissa, Greece
| | - Theodora Simopoulou
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41110 Larissa, Greece
| | - Efterpi Zafiriou
- Department of Dermatology, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41110 Larissa, Greece
| | - Lazaros I. Sakkas
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41110 Larissa, Greece
| | - Eirini I. Rigopoulou
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41110 Larissa, Greece
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Jensen S, Steffensen MA, Jensen BAH, Schlüter D, Christensen JP, Thomsen AR. Adenovirus-Based Vaccine againstListeria monocytogenes: Extending the Concept of Invariant Chain Linkage. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 191:4152-64. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1301290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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5
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Kubota K, Kadoya Y. IL-18 provided in dying bacterial-infected macrophages induces IFN-γ production in functional T-cell hybridoma B6HO3 through cell conjugates. Innate Immun 2013; 20:133-44. [PMID: 23723378 DOI: 10.1177/1753425913485474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously reported that the co-culture of functional T-cell hybridoma B6HO3 with dying J774 macrophage cells infected with Listeria monocytogenes (LM) results in the production of IFN-γ by B6HO3 cells. Here, we explore the mechanism underlying this phenomenon. We found that IFN-γ production was dependent on IL-18, but that the dying LM-infected macrophages produced no more than 100 pg/ml of IL-18, much less than the amount of IL-18 required for stimulating B6HO3 cells to produce IFN-γ. Furthermore, IL-18 binding protein added to the co-culture was unable to easily gain access to IL-18 for neutralisation. B6HO3 cells formed cell conjugates with J774 macrophages, and IFN-γ-producing B6HO3 cells were spatially and temporally associated with LM-infected macrophage cell death that exhibited neither pyroptosis nor pyronecrosis. These results suggest that the IL-18 produced by dying LM-infected macrophages is released to the interface of the cell conjugates, thereby inducing B6HO3 cells to produce IFN-γ. Based on the present and also previous findings, we propose that IL-18 released from macrophages because of cell death caused by bacteria may be the primary cytokine that triggers the innate IFN-γ production that is required for activating the bactericidal functions of macrophages at early stages of bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Kubota
- 1Department of Microbiology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
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6
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Kubota K, Kadoya Y. Innate IFN-γ-producing cells in the spleen of mice early after Listeria monocytogenes infection: importance of microenvironment of the cells involved in the production of innate IFN-γ. Front Immunol 2011; 2:26. [PMID: 22566816 PMCID: PMC3341966 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2011.00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2011] [Accepted: 06/19/2011] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Production of innate interferon-γ (IFN-γ) is a crucial step in immunological defense against bacteria. However, there is little information regarding cellular mechanisms underlying IFN-γ production in vivo early after bacterial infection. Here we analyze innate IFN-γ production in the spleen of mice early after Listeria monocytogenes (LM) infection ex vivo by flow-cytometry and in situ by immunohistochemistry, and compare them with the IFN-γ-producing cells reported previously in our in vitro coculture system in which cell-cell interaction between lymphocytes and dying bacterial-infected macrophages is required for the production of IFN-γ. In the spleen at 20 h after LM infection, natural killer (NK) cells, a subset of αβ T cells, and subsets of NKT and γδ T cells produced IFN-γ with features similar to the IFN-γ-producing cells in our in vitro coculture system. Immunohistochemistry revealed that LM bacteria were first phagocytosed mainly by ER-TR9+ marginal zone macrophages (MZMs), then forming infectious foci in close vicinity of the marginal zone (MZ) at 20-h postinfection. At this time point, the IFN-γ-producing cells were accumulating at the same site of infectious foci, around which ER-TR9+ MZMs were clustered but most of bacteria were no longer associated with ER-TR9+ MZMs. These results indicate that innate IFN-γ production by innate lymphocytes takes place at infectious foci formed in close vicinity of the MZ, and they also suggest an important role for the microenvironment of the cells accumulated at infectious foci in inducing the production of innate IFN-γ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Kubota
- Department of Microbiology, Kitasato University School of Medicine Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan.
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7
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Harris SP, Hines MT, Mealey RH, Alperin DC, Hines SA. Early development of cytotoxic T lymphocytes in neonatal foals following oral inoculation with Rhodococcus equi. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2011; 141:312-6. [PMID: 21481947 PMCID: PMC3345954 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2011.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2010] [Revised: 02/28/2011] [Accepted: 03/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Rhodococcus equi is an important respiratory pathogen of young foals for which a vaccine has long been sought. Two major impediments to effective vaccination are the functionally immature type I immune responses of neonatal foals and early exposure to the bacterium via the environment. Despite these obstacles, it appears that under specific circumstances foals can develop a protective immune response. In this study we investigated the protective mechanisms behind oral inoculation of foals with virulent R. equi bacteria. Two foals receiving an oral inoculum demonstrated accelerated development of R. equi specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) as evidenced by significant lysis of R. equi infected, ELA-A mismatched cells at 3 weeks of age. As in a previous study, CTL were not detected until 5-6 weeks of age in two control foals. At each time point the ability of foal peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) to produce IFN-γ following stimulation with live R. equi or extracted cell wall lipids was similar to that of an adult horse control and between foals, regardless of treatment. These results provide a potential mechanism of protection which has previously been shown to occur following oral inoculation, and suggest that the early detection of CTL may be a useful marker for induction of protective immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth P. Harris
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 647040, Pullman, WA 99164-7040, USA
| | - Melissa T. Hines
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 647040, Pullman, WA 99164-7040, USA
| | - Robert H. Mealey
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 647040, Pullman, WA 99164-7040, USA
| | - Debra C. Alperin
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 647040, Pullman, WA 99164-7040, USA
| | - Stephen A. Hines
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 647040, Pullman, WA 99164-7040, USA
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Bou Ghanem EN, Nelson CC, D’Orazio SEF. T Cell-Intrinsic Factors Contribute to the Differential Ability of CD8+ T Cells To Rapidly Secrete IFN-γ in the Absence of Antigen. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2010; 186:1703-12. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1001960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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9
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Kubota K. Innate IFN-gamma production by subsets of natural killer cells, natural killer T cells and gammadelta T cells in response to dying bacterial-infected macrophages. Scand J Immunol 2010; 71:199-209. [PMID: 20415785 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2009.02366.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) activation of macrophages is a crucial step in the early innate defence against bacterial infection. This innate IFN-gamma is thought to be produced mainly by natural killer (NK) cells through activation with interleukin (IL)-12p70 secreted by macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs) that have sensed bacterial products. However, a number of reports have shown that bacterial stimuli are unable to induce macrophages and/or DCs to produce sufficient amounts of IL-12p70 unless these cells are primed by IFN-gamma. It remains, therefore, unsettled how initial IFN-gamma is produced. In a previous study, we reported a novel IFN-gamma production pathway that was associated with cell death in macrophages caused by intracellular bacteria like Listeria monocytogenes (LM) and Shigella flexneri. In this study, we showed that cell death of bone-marrow-derived macrophage (BMM) cells following in vitro infection with Staphylococcus aureus (SA), an extracellular bacterium, can also stimulate this IFN-gamma production pathway. We also unequivocally demonstrated by using BMM cells from IL-12-deficient mice that the bacterial-infected macrophage cell death-mediated IFN-gamma production can occur without IL-12 although the magnitude of the response is much smaller than that in the presence of IL-12. The enhancing effect of IL-12 on this response proved to be attributable to the negligible amounts (0.5 approximately 1.5 pg/ml) of IL-12p70 but not to the large amounts of IL-12p40 that were both secreted by SA- and LM-infected macrophages. Taken all together, we propose that macrophage cell death caused by bacteria may trigger the initial IFN-gamma production at an early stage of bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kubota
- Department of Microbiology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan.
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10
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Salinas-Carmona MC, Zúñiga JM, Pérez-Rivera LI, Segoviano-Ramírez JC, Vázquez-Marmolejo AV. Nocardia brasiliensisModulates IFN-γ, IL-10, and IL-12 Cytokine Production by Macrophages from BALB/c Mice. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2009; 29:263-71. [DOI: 10.1089/jir.2008.0059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mario C. Salinas-Carmona
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, México
| | - Juan M. Zúñiga
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, México
| | - Luz I. Pérez-Rivera
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, México
| | - Juan C. Segoviano-Ramírez
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, México
| | - Anna V. Vázquez-Marmolejo
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, México
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Bauler LD, Duckett CS, O'Riordan MXD. XIAP regulates cytosol-specific innate immunity to Listeria infection. PLoS Pathog 2008; 4:e1000142. [PMID: 18769721 PMCID: PMC2516935 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1000142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2007] [Accepted: 08/01/2008] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) family has been implicated in immune regulation, but the mechanisms by which IAP proteins contribute to immunity are incompletely understood. We show here that X-linked IAP (XIAP) is required for innate immune control of Listeria monocytogenes infection. Mice deficient in XIAP had a higher bacterial burden 48 h after infection than wild-type littermates, and exhibited substantially decreased survival. XIAP enhanced NF-kappaB activation upon L. monocytogenes infection of activated macrophages, and prolonged phosphorylation of Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) specifically in response to cytosolic bacteria. Additionally, XIAP promoted maximal production of pro-inflammatory cytokines upon bacterial infection in vitro or in vivo, or in response to combined treatment with NOD2 and TLR2 ligands. Together, our data suggest that XIAP regulates innate immune responses to L. monocytogenes infection by potentiating synergy between Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and Nod-like receptors (NLRs) through activation of JNK- and NF-kappaB-dependent signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura D. Bauler
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Colin S. Duckett
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Mary X. D. O'Riordan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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12
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Orgun NN, Mathis M, Wilson CB, Way SS. Deviation from a strong Th1-dominated to a modest Th17-dominated CD4 T cell response in the absence of IL-12p40 and type I IFNs sustains protective CD8 T cells. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2008; 180:4109-15. [PMID: 18322221 PMCID: PMC2677099 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.180.6.4109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The differentiation of naive CD4 T cells into specific effector subsets is controlled in large part by the milieu of cytokines present during their initial encounter with Ag. Cytokines that drive differentiation of the newly described Th17 lineage have been characterized in vitro, but the cytokines that prime commitment to this lineage in response to infection in vivo are less clear. Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) induces a strong Th1 response in wild-type mice. By contrast, we demonstrate that in the absence of IL-12p40 (or IFN-gamma) and type I IFN receptor signaling, the Th1 Ag-specific CD4 T cell response is virtually abolished and replaced by a relatively low magnitude Th17-dominated response. This Th17 response was dependent on TGF-beta and IL-6. Despite this change in CD4 T cell response, neither the kinetics of the CD4 and CD8 T cell responses, the quality of the CD8 T cell response, nor the ability of CD8 T cells to mediate protection were affected. Thus, generation of protective CD8 T cell immunity was resilient to perturbations that replace a strong Th1-dominated to a reduced magnitude Th17-dominated Ag-specific CD4 T cell response.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/microbiology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/pathology
- Cell Differentiation/genetics
- Cell Differentiation/immunology
- Cells, Cultured
- Growth Inhibitors/physiology
- Immunity, Cellular/genetics
- Interferon Type I/physiology
- Interferon-gamma/physiology
- Interleukin-12 Subunit p40/deficiency
- Interleukin-12 Subunit p40/genetics
- Interleukin-12 Subunit p40/physiology
- Interleukin-17/antagonists & inhibitors
- Interleukin-17/physiology
- Listeriosis/immunology
- Listeriosis/metabolism
- Listeriosis/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Receptor, Interferon alpha-beta/deficiency
- Receptor, Interferon alpha-beta/genetics
- Receptor, Interferon alpha-beta/physiology
- Signal Transduction/genetics
- Signal Transduction/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/microbiology
- Th1 Cells/immunology
- Th1 Cells/metabolism
- Th1 Cells/microbiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Nural N. Orgun
- Department of Pediatrics University of Washington School of Medicine 1959 NE Pacific Street. Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Meredith Mathis
- Department of Immunology University of Washington School of Medicine 1959 NE Pacific Street. Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Christopher B. Wilson
- Department of Pediatrics University of Washington School of Medicine 1959 NE Pacific Street. Seattle, WA 98195
- Department of Immunology University of Washington School of Medicine 1959 NE Pacific Street. Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Sing Sing Way
- Department of Pediatrics University of Washington School of Medicine 1959 NE Pacific Street. Seattle, WA 98195
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Chaudhry UI, Plitas G, Burt BM, Kingham TP, Raab JR, DeMatteo RP. NK dendritic cells expanded in IL-15 exhibit antitumor responses in vivo. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2007; 179:4654-60. [PMID: 17878363 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.179.7.4654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
NK dendritic cells (NKDC) are a novel subtype of DC with NK cell properties. IL-15 is a pleiotropic cytokine that plays an obligate role in the proliferation and survival of NK cells. We hypothesized that IL-15 is also essential for NKDC development. NKDC were nearly absent in IL-15(-/-) mice, but restored by administration of exogenous IL-15. Treatment of wild-type mice with IL-15 caused a 2- to 3-fold expansion of both NK cells and NKDC. After 7 days of culture with IL-15, sorted splenic NKDC expanded 10-fold while NK cells increased 5-fold. NKDC expanded in IL-15 retained their cytolytic capacity but lost the ability to stimulate naive T cells. Meanwhile, NKDC expanded in IL-15 produced 10 times more IFN-gamma as fresh NKDC and conferred protection in a tumor prevention model. Thus, IL-15 is essential to the proliferation and survival of NKDC and IL-15 expanded NKDC possess antitumor properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umer I Chaudhry
- Hepatobiliary Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA
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