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Kalisperati P, Spanou E, Pateras IS, Evangelou K, Thymara I, Korkolopoulou P, Kotsinas A, Vlachoyiannopoulos PG, Tzioufas AG, Kanellopoulos C, Gorgoulis VG, Sougioultzis S. Helicobacter pylori Eradication Reverses DNA Damage Response Pathway but Not Senescence in Human Gastric Epithelium. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3888. [PMID: 38612698 PMCID: PMC11011975 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection induces DNA Double-Strand Breaks (DSBs) and consequently activates the DNA Damage Response pathway (DDR) and senescence in gastric epithelium. We studied DDR activation and senescence before and after the eradication of the pathogen. Gastric antral and corpus biopsies of 61 patients with H. pylori infection, prior to and after eradication treatment, were analyzed by means of immunohistochemistry/immunofluorescence for DDR marker (γH2AΧ, phosporylated ataxia telangiectasia-mutated (pATM), p53-binding protein (53BP1) and p53) expression. Samples were also evaluated for Ki67 (proliferation index), cleaved caspase-3 (apoptotic index) and GL13 staining (cellular senescence). Ten H. pylori (-) dyspeptic patients served as controls. All patients were re-endoscoped in 72-1361 days (mean value 434 days), and tissue samples were processed in the same manner. The eradication of the microorganism, in human gastric mucosa, downregulates γH2AΧ expression in both the antrum and corpus (p = 0.00019 and p = 0.00081 respectively). The expression of pATM, p53 and 53BP1 is also reduced after eradication. Proliferation and apoptotic indices were reduced, albeit not significantly, after pathogen clearance. Moreover, cellular senescence is increased in H. pylori-infected mucosa and remains unaffected after eradication. Interestingly, senescence was statistically increased in areas of intestinal metaplasia (IM) compared with adjacent non-metaplastic mucosa (p < 0.001). In conclusion, H. pylori infection triggers DSBs, DDR and senescence in the gastric epithelium. Pathogen eradication reverses the DDR activation but not senescence. Increased senescent cells may favor IM persistence, thus potentially contributing to gastric carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polyxeni Kalisperati
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Evangelia Spanou
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Ioannis S. Pateras
- 2nd Department of Pathology, “Attikon” University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Rimini 1, 12462 Athens, Greece;
| | - Konstantinos Evangelou
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75, 11527 Athens, Greece; (K.E.); (A.K.); (V.G.G.)
| | - Irene Thymara
- 1st Department of Pathology, Laiko Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75, 11527 Athens, Greece; (I.T.); (P.K.)
| | - Penelope Korkolopoulou
- 1st Department of Pathology, Laiko Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75, 11527 Athens, Greece; (I.T.); (P.K.)
| | - Athanassios Kotsinas
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75, 11527 Athens, Greece; (K.E.); (A.K.); (V.G.G.)
| | - Panayiotis G. Vlachoyiannopoulos
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75, 11527 Athens, Greece; (P.G.V.); (A.G.T.)
| | - Athanasios G. Tzioufas
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75, 11527 Athens, Greece; (P.G.V.); (A.G.T.)
| | - Christos Kanellopoulos
- Faculty of Geology and Geoenvironment, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece;
| | - Vassilis G. Gorgoulis
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75, 11527 Athens, Greece; (K.E.); (A.K.); (V.G.G.)
- Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, UK
- Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, 30 Priestley Road, Surrey Research Park, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7YH, UK
| | - Stavros Sougioultzis
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75, 11527 Athens, Greece;
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Gonzáles-Córdova RA, Dos Santos TR, Gachet-Castro C, Andrade Vieira J, Trajano-Silva LAM, Sakamoto-Hojo ET, Baqui MMA. Trypanosoma cruzi infection induces DNA double-strand breaks and activates DNA damage response pathway in host epithelial cells. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5225. [PMID: 38433244 PMCID: PMC10909859 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53589-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiological agent of Chagas disease, invades many cell types affecting numerous host-signalling pathways. During the T. cruzi infection, we demonstrated modulations in the host RNA polymerase II activity with the downregulation of ribonucleoproteins affecting host transcription and splicing machinery. These alterations could be a result of the initial damage to the host DNA caused by the presence of the parasite, however, the mechanisms are not well understood. Herein, we examined whether infection by T. cruzi coincided with enhanced DNA damage in the host cell. We studied the engagement of the DNA damage response (DDR) pathways at the different time points (0-24 h post-infection, hpi) by T. cruzi in LLC-MK2 cells. In response to double-strand breaks (DSB), maximum phosphorylation of the histone variant H2AX is observed at 2hpi and promotes recruitment of the DDR p53-binding protein (53BP1). During T. cruzi infection, Ataxia-telangiectasia mutated protein (ATM) and DNA-PK protein kinases remained active in a time-dependent manner and played roles in regulating the host response to DSB. The host DNA lesions caused by the infection are likely orchestrated by the non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) pathway to maintain the host genome integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raul Alexander Gonzáles-Córdova
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo-USP, Ribeirão Preto, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Thamires Rossi Dos Santos
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo-USP, Ribeirão Preto, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Camila Gachet-Castro
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo-USP, Ribeirão Preto, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Johnathan Andrade Vieira
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo-USP, Ribeirão Preto, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Lays Adrianne Mendonça Trajano-Silva
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo-USP, Ribeirão Preto, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Elza Tiemi Sakamoto-Hojo
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo-USP, Ribeirão Preto, 14049-900, Brazil
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Philosophy Sciences and Letters at Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 14040-901, Brazil
| | - Munira Muhammad Abdel Baqui
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo-USP, Ribeirão Preto, 14049-900, Brazil.
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3
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Pádua JDB, Mariano CFA, Fabro AT, Lizarte Neto FS, Zuliani RL, Sares CTG, dos Santos JS, Sankarankutty AK, Tirapelli DPDC, Silveira VDS, de Molfetta GA, Júnior WADS, Brunaldi MO. mRNA Expression and Methylation of the RAD51, ATM, ATR, BRCA1, and BRCA2 Genes in Gastric Adenocarcinoma. Biomark Insights 2024; 19:11772719231225206. [PMID: 38293680 PMCID: PMC10826385 DOI: 10.1177/11772719231225206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Immunohistochemical prognostic significance of the homologous recombination-related proteins RAD51, ATM, BRCA1, and BRCA2 is known in gastric adenocarcinoma, one of the deadliest cancers. Objective and design This retrospective cohort study aimed to evaluate mRNA expression and promoter methylation of some homologous recombination-related genes in this neoplasm. Methods We evaluated mRNA expression and methylation of RAD51, ATM, ATR, BRCA1, and BRCA2 in tumor and non-tumor frozen samples from gastrectomy specimens by RT-qPCR and MS-HRM, correlating our results with previous immunohistochemistry data and prognostic features. Results RAD51, ATR, BRCA1, BRCA2, and ATM mRNA expression was detected in 93.75% (45/48), 93.75% (45/48), 91.67% (44/48), 83.33% (40/48), and 89.58% (43/48) of the tumors; partial or complete methylation, in 94.87% (37/39), 0 (0/42), 97.56% (40/41), 100% (41/41), and 0 (0/40), respectively. Most gene pairs showed significant weak to moderate positive correlations of tumoral mRNA expression with each other: RAD51 with ATR (P = .027), BRCA1 (P < .001), and BRCA2 (P < .001); ATR with BRCA1 (P = .007), and ATM (P = .001); BRCA1 with BRCA2 (P = 0.001). BRCA1 mRNA was reduced in tumors compared with non-neoplastic mucosa (0.345 vs 1.272, P = .015) and, excluding neoadjuvant therapy cases, in T3 to T4 tumors compared with T2 (0.414 vs 0.954, P = .035). Greater tumoral RAD51 mRNA levels correlated with perineural invasion (1.822 vs 0.725, P = .010) and death (1.664 vs 0.929, P = .036), but not with survival time. There was an inverse association between nuclear immunohistochemical positivity for ATR and its mRNA levels (0.487 vs 0.907, P = .032), and no significant correlation for the other markers. Conclusions Our results suggest RAD51, BRCA1, and BRCA2 methylation as a frequent epigenetic mechanism in gastric cancer, support the hypothesis that reduced BRCA1 expression participates in disease progression, and show an association between RAD51 mRNA and perineural invasion and mortality that may be considered unexpected, considering the former immunohistochemical studies. The lack of correlation between immunohistochemistry and mRNA, and even the inverse association, for ATR, can be seen as indicative of action of post-transcriptional or post-translational regulatory mechanisms, to be better investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Del Bel Pádua
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Carolline Fontes Alves Mariano
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Todorovic Fabro
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Rogério Lenotti Zuliani
- Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mariângela Ottoboni Brunaldi
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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Ciernikova S, Sevcikova A, Mladosievicova B, Mego M. Microbiome in Cancer Development and Treatment. Microorganisms 2023; 12:24. [PMID: 38257851 PMCID: PMC10819529 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Targeting the microbiome, microbiota-derived metabolites, and related pathways represents a significant challenge in oncology. Microbiome analyses have confirmed the negative impact of cancer treatment on gut homeostasis, resulting in acute dysbiosis and severe complications, including massive inflammatory immune response, mucosal barrier disruption, and bacterial translocation across the gut epithelium. Moreover, recent studies revealed the relationship between an imbalance in the gut microbiome and treatment-related toxicity. In this review, we provide current insights into the role of the microbiome in tumor development and the impact of gut and tumor microbiomes on chemo- and immunotherapy efficacy, as well as treatment-induced late effects, including cognitive impairment and cardiotoxicity. As discussed, microbiota modulation via probiotic supplementation and fecal microbiota transplantation represents a new trend in cancer patient care, aiming to increase bacterial diversity, alleviate acute and long-term treatment-induced toxicity, and improve the response to various treatment modalities. However, a more detailed understanding of the complex relationship between the microbiome and host can significantly contribute to integrating a microbiome-based approach into clinical practice. Determination of causal correlations might lead to the identification of clinically relevant diagnostic and prognostic microbial biomarkers. Notably, restoration of intestinal homeostasis could contribute to optimizing treatment efficacy and improving cancer patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sona Ciernikova
- Department of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Aneta Sevcikova
- Department of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Beata Mladosievicova
- Institute of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Sasinkova 4, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Michal Mego
- 2nd Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University and National Cancer Institute, 833 10 Bratislava, Slovakia;
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Wu S, Chen Y, Chen Z, Wei F, Zhou Q, Li P, Gu Q. Reactive oxygen species and gastric carcinogenesis: The complex interaction between Helicobacter pylori and host. Helicobacter 2023; 28:e13024. [PMID: 37798959 DOI: 10.1111/hel.13024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a highly successful human pathogen that colonizes stomach in around 50% of the global population. The colonization of bacterium induces an inflammatory response and a substantial rise in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), mostly derived from host neutrophils and gastric epithelial cells, which play a crucial role in combating bacterial infections. However, H. pylori has developed various strategies to quench the deleterious effects of ROS, including the production of antioxidant enzymes, antioxidant proteins as well as blocking the generation of oxidants. The host's inability to eliminate H. pylori infection results in persistent ROS production. Notably, excessive ROS can disrupt the intracellular signal transduction and biological processes of the host, incurring chronic inflammation and cellular damage, such as DNA damage, lipid peroxidation, and protein oxidation. Markedly, the sustained inflammatory response and oxidative stress during H. pylori infection are major risk factor for gastric carcinogenesis. In this context, we summarize the literature on H. pylori infection-induced ROS production, the strategies used by H. pylori to counteract the host response, and subsequent host damage and gastric carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiying Wu
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongqiang Chen
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ziqi Chen
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fangtong Wei
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qingqing Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ping Li
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qing Gu
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
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6
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Reyes A, Ortiz G, Duarte LF, Fernández C, Hernández-Armengol R, Palacios PA, Prado Y, Andrade CA, Rodriguez-Guilarte L, Kalergis AM, Simon F, Carreño LJ, Riedel CA, Cáceres M, González PA. Contribution of viral and bacterial infections to senescence and immunosenescence. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1229098. [PMID: 37753486 PMCID: PMC10518457 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1229098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a key biological process characterized by irreversible cell cycle arrest. The accumulation of senescent cells creates a pro-inflammatory environment that can negatively affect tissue functions and may promote the development of aging-related diseases. Typical biomarkers related to senescence include senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity, histone H2A.X phosphorylation at serine139 (γH2A.X), and senescence-associated heterochromatin foci (SAHF) with heterochromatin protein 1γ (HP-1γ protein) Moreover, immune cells undergoing senescence, which is known as immunosenescence, can affect innate and adaptative immune functions and may elicit detrimental effects over the host's susceptibility to infectious diseases. Although associations between senescence and pathogens have been reported, clear links between both, and the related molecular mechanisms involved remain to be determined. Furthermore, it remains to be determined whether infections effectively induce senescence, the impact of senescence and immunosenescence over infections, or if both events coincidently share common molecular markers, such as γH2A.X and p53. Here, we review and discuss the most recent reports that describe cellular hallmarks and biomarkers related to senescence in immune and non-immune cells in the context of infections, seeking to better understand their relationships. Related literature was searched in Pubmed and Google Scholar databases with search terms related to the sections and subsections of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Reyes
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gerardo Ortiz
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luisa F. Duarte
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Christian Fernández
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channel-Associated Diseases (MiNICAD), Santiago, Chile
| | - Rosario Hernández-Armengol
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo A. Palacios
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
- Programa de Inmunología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Yolanda Prado
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Catalina A. Andrade
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Linmar Rodriguez-Guilarte
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alexis M. Kalergis
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Endocrinología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Felipe Simon
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Leandro J. Carreño
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
- Programa de Inmunología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudia A. Riedel
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mónica Cáceres
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channel-Associated Diseases (MiNICAD), Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo A. González
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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7
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Zhao LY, Mei JX, Yu G, Lei L, Zhang WH, Liu K, Chen XL, Kołat D, Yang K, Hu JK. Role of the gut microbiota in anticancer therapy: from molecular mechanisms to clinical applications. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:201. [PMID: 37179402 PMCID: PMC10183032 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01406-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In the past period, due to the rapid development of next-generation sequencing technology, accumulating evidence has clarified the complex role of the human microbiota in the development of cancer and the therapeutic response. More importantly, available evidence seems to indicate that modulating the composition of the gut microbiota to improve the efficacy of anti-cancer drugs may be feasible. However, intricate complexities exist, and a deep and comprehensive understanding of how the human microbiota interacts with cancer is critical to realize its full potential in cancer treatment. The purpose of this review is to summarize the initial clues on molecular mechanisms regarding the mutual effects between the gut microbiota and cancer development, and to highlight the relationship between gut microbes and the efficacy of immunotherapy, chemotherapy, radiation therapy and cancer surgery, which may provide insights into the formulation of individualized therapeutic strategies for cancer management. In addition, the current and emerging microbial interventions for cancer therapy as well as their clinical applications are summarized. Although many challenges remain for now, the great importance and full potential of the gut microbiota cannot be overstated for the development of individualized anti-cancer strategies, and it is necessary to explore a holistic approach that incorporates microbial modulation therapy in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Yong Zhao
- Department of General Surgery & Laboratory of Gastric Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Gastric Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jia-Xin Mei
- Department of General Surgery & Laboratory of Gastric Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Gastric Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Gang Yu
- Department of General Surgery & Laboratory of Gastric Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Gastric Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University; Frontier Innovation Center for Dental Medicine Plus, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei-Han Zhang
- Department of General Surgery & Laboratory of Gastric Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Gastric Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Kai Liu
- Department of General Surgery & Laboratory of Gastric Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Gastric Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao-Long Chen
- Department of General Surgery & Laboratory of Gastric Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Gastric Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Damian Kołat
- Department of Experimental Surgery, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Kun Yang
- Department of General Surgery & Laboratory of Gastric Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
- Gastric Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Jian-Kun Hu
- Department of General Surgery & Laboratory of Gastric Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
- Gastric Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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8
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Müller
- From the Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jiazhuo He
- From the Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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9
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Usui Y, Taniyama Y, Endo M, Koyanagi YN, Kasugai Y, Oze I, Ito H, Imoto I, Tanaka T, Tajika M, Niwa Y, Iwasaki Y, Aoi T, Hakozaki N, Takata S, Suzuki K, Terao C, Hatakeyama M, Hirata M, Sugano K, Yoshida T, Kamatani Y, Nakagawa H, Matsuda K, Murakami Y, Spurdle AB, Matsuo K, Momozawa Y. Helicobacter pylori, Homologous-Recombination Genes, and Gastric Cancer. N Engl J Med 2023; 388:1181-1190. [PMID: 36988593 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa2211807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori infection is a well-known risk factor for gastric cancer. However, the contribution of germline pathogenic variants in cancer-predisposing genes and their effect, when combined with H. pylori infection, on the risk of gastric cancer has not been widely evaluated. METHODS We evaluated the association between germline pathogenic variants in 27 cancer-predisposing genes and the risk of gastric cancer in a sample of 10,426 patients with gastric cancer and 38,153 controls from BioBank Japan. We also assessed the combined effect of pathogenic variants and H. pylori infection status on the risk of gastric cancer and calculated the cumulative risk in 1433 patients with gastric cancer and 5997 controls from the Hospital-based Epidemiologic Research Program at Aichi Cancer Center (HERPACC). RESULTS Germline pathogenic variants in nine genes (APC, ATM, BRCA1, BRCA2, CDH1, MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, and PALB2) were associated with the risk of gastric cancer. We found an interaction between H. pylori infection and pathogenic variants in homologous-recombination genes with respect to the risk of gastric cancer in the sample from HERPACC (relative excess risk due to the interaction, 16.01; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.22 to 29.81; P = 0.02). At 85 years of age, persons with H. pylori infection and a pathogenic variant had a higher cumulative risk of gastric cancer than noncarriers infected with H. pylori (45.5% [95% CI, 20.7 to 62.6] vs. 14.4% [95% CI, 12.2 to 16.6]). CONCLUSIONS H. pylori infection modified the risk of gastric cancer associated with germline pathogenic variants in homologous-recombination genes. (Funded by the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development and others.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Usui
- From the Laboratories for Genotyping Development (Y.U., M.E., Y.I., T.A., N.H., S.T., K. Suzuki, Y. Momozawa), Statistical and Translational Genetics (C.T.), and Cancer Genomics (H.N.), RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, the Divisions of Cancer Information and Control (Y.U., Y.T., Y.N.K., H.I.) and Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention (Y. Kasugai, I.O., K. Matsuo), Department of Preventive Medicine, Aichi Cancer Center, the Divisions of Cancer Epidemiology (Y. Kasugai, K. Matsuo) and Descriptive Cancer Epidemiology (H.I.), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute (I.I.), and the Department of Endoscopy (T.T., M.T.), Aichi Cancer Center Hospital (Y.N.), Nagoya, the Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Respiratory Medicine, Okayama University Medical School, Okayama (Y.U.), the Laboratory of Microbial Carcinogenesis, Institute of Microbial Chemistry, Microbial Chemistry Research Foundation (M. Hatakeyama), the Department of Genetic Medicine and Services, National Cancer Center Hospital (M. Hirata, K. Sugano, T.Y.), the Division of Molecular Pathology, Department of Cancer Biology, Institute of Medical Science (M. Hirata, Y. Murakami), and the Laboratories of Complex Trait Genomics (Y. Kamatani) and Clinical Genome Sequencing (K. Matsuda), Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, and the Department of Genetic Medicine, Kyoundo Hospital, Sasaki Foundation (K. Sugano), Tokyo, and the Research Center of Infection-Associated Cancer, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo (M. Hatakeyama) - all in Japan; and the Population Health Program, QIMR (Queensland Institute of Medical Research) Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia (A.B.S.)
| | - Yukari Taniyama
- From the Laboratories for Genotyping Development (Y.U., M.E., Y.I., T.A., N.H., S.T., K. Suzuki, Y. Momozawa), Statistical and Translational Genetics (C.T.), and Cancer Genomics (H.N.), RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, the Divisions of Cancer Information and Control (Y.U., Y.T., Y.N.K., H.I.) and Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention (Y. Kasugai, I.O., K. Matsuo), Department of Preventive Medicine, Aichi Cancer Center, the Divisions of Cancer Epidemiology (Y. Kasugai, K. Matsuo) and Descriptive Cancer Epidemiology (H.I.), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute (I.I.), and the Department of Endoscopy (T.T., M.T.), Aichi Cancer Center Hospital (Y.N.), Nagoya, the Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Respiratory Medicine, Okayama University Medical School, Okayama (Y.U.), the Laboratory of Microbial Carcinogenesis, Institute of Microbial Chemistry, Microbial Chemistry Research Foundation (M. Hatakeyama), the Department of Genetic Medicine and Services, National Cancer Center Hospital (M. Hirata, K. Sugano, T.Y.), the Division of Molecular Pathology, Department of Cancer Biology, Institute of Medical Science (M. Hirata, Y. Murakami), and the Laboratories of Complex Trait Genomics (Y. Kamatani) and Clinical Genome Sequencing (K. Matsuda), Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, and the Department of Genetic Medicine, Kyoundo Hospital, Sasaki Foundation (K. Sugano), Tokyo, and the Research Center of Infection-Associated Cancer, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo (M. Hatakeyama) - all in Japan; and the Population Health Program, QIMR (Queensland Institute of Medical Research) Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia (A.B.S.)
| | - Mikiko Endo
- From the Laboratories for Genotyping Development (Y.U., M.E., Y.I., T.A., N.H., S.T., K. Suzuki, Y. Momozawa), Statistical and Translational Genetics (C.T.), and Cancer Genomics (H.N.), RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, the Divisions of Cancer Information and Control (Y.U., Y.T., Y.N.K., H.I.) and Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention (Y. Kasugai, I.O., K. Matsuo), Department of Preventive Medicine, Aichi Cancer Center, the Divisions of Cancer Epidemiology (Y. Kasugai, K. Matsuo) and Descriptive Cancer Epidemiology (H.I.), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute (I.I.), and the Department of Endoscopy (T.T., M.T.), Aichi Cancer Center Hospital (Y.N.), Nagoya, the Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Respiratory Medicine, Okayama University Medical School, Okayama (Y.U.), the Laboratory of Microbial Carcinogenesis, Institute of Microbial Chemistry, Microbial Chemistry Research Foundation (M. Hatakeyama), the Department of Genetic Medicine and Services, National Cancer Center Hospital (M. Hirata, K. Sugano, T.Y.), the Division of Molecular Pathology, Department of Cancer Biology, Institute of Medical Science (M. Hirata, Y. Murakami), and the Laboratories of Complex Trait Genomics (Y. Kamatani) and Clinical Genome Sequencing (K. Matsuda), Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, and the Department of Genetic Medicine, Kyoundo Hospital, Sasaki Foundation (K. Sugano), Tokyo, and the Research Center of Infection-Associated Cancer, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo (M. Hatakeyama) - all in Japan; and the Population Health Program, QIMR (Queensland Institute of Medical Research) Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia (A.B.S.)
| | - Yuriko N Koyanagi
- From the Laboratories for Genotyping Development (Y.U., M.E., Y.I., T.A., N.H., S.T., K. Suzuki, Y. Momozawa), Statistical and Translational Genetics (C.T.), and Cancer Genomics (H.N.), RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, the Divisions of Cancer Information and Control (Y.U., Y.T., Y.N.K., H.I.) and Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention (Y. Kasugai, I.O., K. Matsuo), Department of Preventive Medicine, Aichi Cancer Center, the Divisions of Cancer Epidemiology (Y. Kasugai, K. Matsuo) and Descriptive Cancer Epidemiology (H.I.), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute (I.I.), and the Department of Endoscopy (T.T., M.T.), Aichi Cancer Center Hospital (Y.N.), Nagoya, the Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Respiratory Medicine, Okayama University Medical School, Okayama (Y.U.), the Laboratory of Microbial Carcinogenesis, Institute of Microbial Chemistry, Microbial Chemistry Research Foundation (M. Hatakeyama), the Department of Genetic Medicine and Services, National Cancer Center Hospital (M. Hirata, K. Sugano, T.Y.), the Division of Molecular Pathology, Department of Cancer Biology, Institute of Medical Science (M. Hirata, Y. Murakami), and the Laboratories of Complex Trait Genomics (Y. Kamatani) and Clinical Genome Sequencing (K. Matsuda), Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, and the Department of Genetic Medicine, Kyoundo Hospital, Sasaki Foundation (K. Sugano), Tokyo, and the Research Center of Infection-Associated Cancer, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo (M. Hatakeyama) - all in Japan; and the Population Health Program, QIMR (Queensland Institute of Medical Research) Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia (A.B.S.)
| | - Yumiko Kasugai
- From the Laboratories for Genotyping Development (Y.U., M.E., Y.I., T.A., N.H., S.T., K. Suzuki, Y. Momozawa), Statistical and Translational Genetics (C.T.), and Cancer Genomics (H.N.), RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, the Divisions of Cancer Information and Control (Y.U., Y.T., Y.N.K., H.I.) and Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention (Y. Kasugai, I.O., K. Matsuo), Department of Preventive Medicine, Aichi Cancer Center, the Divisions of Cancer Epidemiology (Y. Kasugai, K. Matsuo) and Descriptive Cancer Epidemiology (H.I.), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute (I.I.), and the Department of Endoscopy (T.T., M.T.), Aichi Cancer Center Hospital (Y.N.), Nagoya, the Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Respiratory Medicine, Okayama University Medical School, Okayama (Y.U.), the Laboratory of Microbial Carcinogenesis, Institute of Microbial Chemistry, Microbial Chemistry Research Foundation (M. Hatakeyama), the Department of Genetic Medicine and Services, National Cancer Center Hospital (M. Hirata, K. Sugano, T.Y.), the Division of Molecular Pathology, Department of Cancer Biology, Institute of Medical Science (M. Hirata, Y. Murakami), and the Laboratories of Complex Trait Genomics (Y. Kamatani) and Clinical Genome Sequencing (K. Matsuda), Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, and the Department of Genetic Medicine, Kyoundo Hospital, Sasaki Foundation (K. Sugano), Tokyo, and the Research Center of Infection-Associated Cancer, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo (M. Hatakeyama) - all in Japan; and the Population Health Program, QIMR (Queensland Institute of Medical Research) Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia (A.B.S.)
| | - Isao Oze
- From the Laboratories for Genotyping Development (Y.U., M.E., Y.I., T.A., N.H., S.T., K. Suzuki, Y. Momozawa), Statistical and Translational Genetics (C.T.), and Cancer Genomics (H.N.), RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, the Divisions of Cancer Information and Control (Y.U., Y.T., Y.N.K., H.I.) and Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention (Y. Kasugai, I.O., K. Matsuo), Department of Preventive Medicine, Aichi Cancer Center, the Divisions of Cancer Epidemiology (Y. Kasugai, K. Matsuo) and Descriptive Cancer Epidemiology (H.I.), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute (I.I.), and the Department of Endoscopy (T.T., M.T.), Aichi Cancer Center Hospital (Y.N.), Nagoya, the Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Respiratory Medicine, Okayama University Medical School, Okayama (Y.U.), the Laboratory of Microbial Carcinogenesis, Institute of Microbial Chemistry, Microbial Chemistry Research Foundation (M. Hatakeyama), the Department of Genetic Medicine and Services, National Cancer Center Hospital (M. Hirata, K. Sugano, T.Y.), the Division of Molecular Pathology, Department of Cancer Biology, Institute of Medical Science (M. Hirata, Y. Murakami), and the Laboratories of Complex Trait Genomics (Y. Kamatani) and Clinical Genome Sequencing (K. Matsuda), Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, and the Department of Genetic Medicine, Kyoundo Hospital, Sasaki Foundation (K. Sugano), Tokyo, and the Research Center of Infection-Associated Cancer, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo (M. Hatakeyama) - all in Japan; and the Population Health Program, QIMR (Queensland Institute of Medical Research) Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia (A.B.S.)
| | - Hidemi Ito
- From the Laboratories for Genotyping Development (Y.U., M.E., Y.I., T.A., N.H., S.T., K. Suzuki, Y. Momozawa), Statistical and Translational Genetics (C.T.), and Cancer Genomics (H.N.), RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, the Divisions of Cancer Information and Control (Y.U., Y.T., Y.N.K., H.I.) and Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention (Y. Kasugai, I.O., K. Matsuo), Department of Preventive Medicine, Aichi Cancer Center, the Divisions of Cancer Epidemiology (Y. Kasugai, K. Matsuo) and Descriptive Cancer Epidemiology (H.I.), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute (I.I.), and the Department of Endoscopy (T.T., M.T.), Aichi Cancer Center Hospital (Y.N.), Nagoya, the Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Respiratory Medicine, Okayama University Medical School, Okayama (Y.U.), the Laboratory of Microbial Carcinogenesis, Institute of Microbial Chemistry, Microbial Chemistry Research Foundation (M. Hatakeyama), the Department of Genetic Medicine and Services, National Cancer Center Hospital (M. Hirata, K. Sugano, T.Y.), the Division of Molecular Pathology, Department of Cancer Biology, Institute of Medical Science (M. Hirata, Y. Murakami), and the Laboratories of Complex Trait Genomics (Y. Kamatani) and Clinical Genome Sequencing (K. Matsuda), Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, and the Department of Genetic Medicine, Kyoundo Hospital, Sasaki Foundation (K. Sugano), Tokyo, and the Research Center of Infection-Associated Cancer, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo (M. Hatakeyama) - all in Japan; and the Population Health Program, QIMR (Queensland Institute of Medical Research) Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia (A.B.S.)
| | - Issei Imoto
- From the Laboratories for Genotyping Development (Y.U., M.E., Y.I., T.A., N.H., S.T., K. Suzuki, Y. Momozawa), Statistical and Translational Genetics (C.T.), and Cancer Genomics (H.N.), RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, the Divisions of Cancer Information and Control (Y.U., Y.T., Y.N.K., H.I.) and Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention (Y. Kasugai, I.O., K. Matsuo), Department of Preventive Medicine, Aichi Cancer Center, the Divisions of Cancer Epidemiology (Y. Kasugai, K. Matsuo) and Descriptive Cancer Epidemiology (H.I.), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute (I.I.), and the Department of Endoscopy (T.T., M.T.), Aichi Cancer Center Hospital (Y.N.), Nagoya, the Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Respiratory Medicine, Okayama University Medical School, Okayama (Y.U.), the Laboratory of Microbial Carcinogenesis, Institute of Microbial Chemistry, Microbial Chemistry Research Foundation (M. Hatakeyama), the Department of Genetic Medicine and Services, National Cancer Center Hospital (M. Hirata, K. Sugano, T.Y.), the Division of Molecular Pathology, Department of Cancer Biology, Institute of Medical Science (M. Hirata, Y. Murakami), and the Laboratories of Complex Trait Genomics (Y. Kamatani) and Clinical Genome Sequencing (K. Matsuda), Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, and the Department of Genetic Medicine, Kyoundo Hospital, Sasaki Foundation (K. Sugano), Tokyo, and the Research Center of Infection-Associated Cancer, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo (M. Hatakeyama) - all in Japan; and the Population Health Program, QIMR (Queensland Institute of Medical Research) Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia (A.B.S.)
| | - Tsutomu Tanaka
- From the Laboratories for Genotyping Development (Y.U., M.E., Y.I., T.A., N.H., S.T., K. Suzuki, Y. Momozawa), Statistical and Translational Genetics (C.T.), and Cancer Genomics (H.N.), RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, the Divisions of Cancer Information and Control (Y.U., Y.T., Y.N.K., H.I.) and Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention (Y. Kasugai, I.O., K. Matsuo), Department of Preventive Medicine, Aichi Cancer Center, the Divisions of Cancer Epidemiology (Y. Kasugai, K. Matsuo) and Descriptive Cancer Epidemiology (H.I.), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute (I.I.), and the Department of Endoscopy (T.T., M.T.), Aichi Cancer Center Hospital (Y.N.), Nagoya, the Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Respiratory Medicine, Okayama University Medical School, Okayama (Y.U.), the Laboratory of Microbial Carcinogenesis, Institute of Microbial Chemistry, Microbial Chemistry Research Foundation (M. Hatakeyama), the Department of Genetic Medicine and Services, National Cancer Center Hospital (M. Hirata, K. Sugano, T.Y.), the Division of Molecular Pathology, Department of Cancer Biology, Institute of Medical Science (M. Hirata, Y. Murakami), and the Laboratories of Complex Trait Genomics (Y. Kamatani) and Clinical Genome Sequencing (K. Matsuda), Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, and the Department of Genetic Medicine, Kyoundo Hospital, Sasaki Foundation (K. Sugano), Tokyo, and the Research Center of Infection-Associated Cancer, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo (M. Hatakeyama) - all in Japan; and the Population Health Program, QIMR (Queensland Institute of Medical Research) Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia (A.B.S.)
| | - Masahiro Tajika
- From the Laboratories for Genotyping Development (Y.U., M.E., Y.I., T.A., N.H., S.T., K. Suzuki, Y. Momozawa), Statistical and Translational Genetics (C.T.), and Cancer Genomics (H.N.), RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, the Divisions of Cancer Information and Control (Y.U., Y.T., Y.N.K., H.I.) and Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention (Y. Kasugai, I.O., K. Matsuo), Department of Preventive Medicine, Aichi Cancer Center, the Divisions of Cancer Epidemiology (Y. Kasugai, K. Matsuo) and Descriptive Cancer Epidemiology (H.I.), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute (I.I.), and the Department of Endoscopy (T.T., M.T.), Aichi Cancer Center Hospital (Y.N.), Nagoya, the Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Respiratory Medicine, Okayama University Medical School, Okayama (Y.U.), the Laboratory of Microbial Carcinogenesis, Institute of Microbial Chemistry, Microbial Chemistry Research Foundation (M. Hatakeyama), the Department of Genetic Medicine and Services, National Cancer Center Hospital (M. Hirata, K. Sugano, T.Y.), the Division of Molecular Pathology, Department of Cancer Biology, Institute of Medical Science (M. Hirata, Y. Murakami), and the Laboratories of Complex Trait Genomics (Y. Kamatani) and Clinical Genome Sequencing (K. Matsuda), Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, and the Department of Genetic Medicine, Kyoundo Hospital, Sasaki Foundation (K. Sugano), Tokyo, and the Research Center of Infection-Associated Cancer, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo (M. Hatakeyama) - all in Japan; and the Population Health Program, QIMR (Queensland Institute of Medical Research) Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia (A.B.S.)
| | - Yasumasa Niwa
- From the Laboratories for Genotyping Development (Y.U., M.E., Y.I., T.A., N.H., S.T., K. Suzuki, Y. Momozawa), Statistical and Translational Genetics (C.T.), and Cancer Genomics (H.N.), RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, the Divisions of Cancer Information and Control (Y.U., Y.T., Y.N.K., H.I.) and Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention (Y. Kasugai, I.O., K. Matsuo), Department of Preventive Medicine, Aichi Cancer Center, the Divisions of Cancer Epidemiology (Y. Kasugai, K. Matsuo) and Descriptive Cancer Epidemiology (H.I.), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute (I.I.), and the Department of Endoscopy (T.T., M.T.), Aichi Cancer Center Hospital (Y.N.), Nagoya, the Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Respiratory Medicine, Okayama University Medical School, Okayama (Y.U.), the Laboratory of Microbial Carcinogenesis, Institute of Microbial Chemistry, Microbial Chemistry Research Foundation (M. Hatakeyama), the Department of Genetic Medicine and Services, National Cancer Center Hospital (M. Hirata, K. Sugano, T.Y.), the Division of Molecular Pathology, Department of Cancer Biology, Institute of Medical Science (M. Hirata, Y. Murakami), and the Laboratories of Complex Trait Genomics (Y. Kamatani) and Clinical Genome Sequencing (K. Matsuda), Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, and the Department of Genetic Medicine, Kyoundo Hospital, Sasaki Foundation (K. Sugano), Tokyo, and the Research Center of Infection-Associated Cancer, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo (M. Hatakeyama) - all in Japan; and the Population Health Program, QIMR (Queensland Institute of Medical Research) Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia (A.B.S.)
| | - Yusuke Iwasaki
- From the Laboratories for Genotyping Development (Y.U., M.E., Y.I., T.A., N.H., S.T., K. Suzuki, Y. Momozawa), Statistical and Translational Genetics (C.T.), and Cancer Genomics (H.N.), RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, the Divisions of Cancer Information and Control (Y.U., Y.T., Y.N.K., H.I.) and Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention (Y. Kasugai, I.O., K. Matsuo), Department of Preventive Medicine, Aichi Cancer Center, the Divisions of Cancer Epidemiology (Y. Kasugai, K. Matsuo) and Descriptive Cancer Epidemiology (H.I.), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute (I.I.), and the Department of Endoscopy (T.T., M.T.), Aichi Cancer Center Hospital (Y.N.), Nagoya, the Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Respiratory Medicine, Okayama University Medical School, Okayama (Y.U.), the Laboratory of Microbial Carcinogenesis, Institute of Microbial Chemistry, Microbial Chemistry Research Foundation (M. Hatakeyama), the Department of Genetic Medicine and Services, National Cancer Center Hospital (M. Hirata, K. Sugano, T.Y.), the Division of Molecular Pathology, Department of Cancer Biology, Institute of Medical Science (M. Hirata, Y. Murakami), and the Laboratories of Complex Trait Genomics (Y. Kamatani) and Clinical Genome Sequencing (K. Matsuda), Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, and the Department of Genetic Medicine, Kyoundo Hospital, Sasaki Foundation (K. Sugano), Tokyo, and the Research Center of Infection-Associated Cancer, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo (M. Hatakeyama) - all in Japan; and the Population Health Program, QIMR (Queensland Institute of Medical Research) Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia (A.B.S.)
| | - Tomomi Aoi
- From the Laboratories for Genotyping Development (Y.U., M.E., Y.I., T.A., N.H., S.T., K. Suzuki, Y. Momozawa), Statistical and Translational Genetics (C.T.), and Cancer Genomics (H.N.), RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, the Divisions of Cancer Information and Control (Y.U., Y.T., Y.N.K., H.I.) and Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention (Y. Kasugai, I.O., K. Matsuo), Department of Preventive Medicine, Aichi Cancer Center, the Divisions of Cancer Epidemiology (Y. Kasugai, K. Matsuo) and Descriptive Cancer Epidemiology (H.I.), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute (I.I.), and the Department of Endoscopy (T.T., M.T.), Aichi Cancer Center Hospital (Y.N.), Nagoya, the Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Respiratory Medicine, Okayama University Medical School, Okayama (Y.U.), the Laboratory of Microbial Carcinogenesis, Institute of Microbial Chemistry, Microbial Chemistry Research Foundation (M. Hatakeyama), the Department of Genetic Medicine and Services, National Cancer Center Hospital (M. Hirata, K. Sugano, T.Y.), the Division of Molecular Pathology, Department of Cancer Biology, Institute of Medical Science (M. Hirata, Y. Murakami), and the Laboratories of Complex Trait Genomics (Y. Kamatani) and Clinical Genome Sequencing (K. Matsuda), Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, and the Department of Genetic Medicine, Kyoundo Hospital, Sasaki Foundation (K. Sugano), Tokyo, and the Research Center of Infection-Associated Cancer, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo (M. Hatakeyama) - all in Japan; and the Population Health Program, QIMR (Queensland Institute of Medical Research) Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia (A.B.S.)
| | - Nozomi Hakozaki
- From the Laboratories for Genotyping Development (Y.U., M.E., Y.I., T.A., N.H., S.T., K. Suzuki, Y. Momozawa), Statistical and Translational Genetics (C.T.), and Cancer Genomics (H.N.), RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, the Divisions of Cancer Information and Control (Y.U., Y.T., Y.N.K., H.I.) and Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention (Y. Kasugai, I.O., K. Matsuo), Department of Preventive Medicine, Aichi Cancer Center, the Divisions of Cancer Epidemiology (Y. Kasugai, K. Matsuo) and Descriptive Cancer Epidemiology (H.I.), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute (I.I.), and the Department of Endoscopy (T.T., M.T.), Aichi Cancer Center Hospital (Y.N.), Nagoya, the Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Respiratory Medicine, Okayama University Medical School, Okayama (Y.U.), the Laboratory of Microbial Carcinogenesis, Institute of Microbial Chemistry, Microbial Chemistry Research Foundation (M. Hatakeyama), the Department of Genetic Medicine and Services, National Cancer Center Hospital (M. Hirata, K. Sugano, T.Y.), the Division of Molecular Pathology, Department of Cancer Biology, Institute of Medical Science (M. Hirata, Y. Murakami), and the Laboratories of Complex Trait Genomics (Y. Kamatani) and Clinical Genome Sequencing (K. Matsuda), Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, and the Department of Genetic Medicine, Kyoundo Hospital, Sasaki Foundation (K. Sugano), Tokyo, and the Research Center of Infection-Associated Cancer, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo (M. Hatakeyama) - all in Japan; and the Population Health Program, QIMR (Queensland Institute of Medical Research) Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia (A.B.S.)
| | - Sadaaki Takata
- From the Laboratories for Genotyping Development (Y.U., M.E., Y.I., T.A., N.H., S.T., K. Suzuki, Y. Momozawa), Statistical and Translational Genetics (C.T.), and Cancer Genomics (H.N.), RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, the Divisions of Cancer Information and Control (Y.U., Y.T., Y.N.K., H.I.) and Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention (Y. Kasugai, I.O., K. Matsuo), Department of Preventive Medicine, Aichi Cancer Center, the Divisions of Cancer Epidemiology (Y. Kasugai, K. Matsuo) and Descriptive Cancer Epidemiology (H.I.), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute (I.I.), and the Department of Endoscopy (T.T., M.T.), Aichi Cancer Center Hospital (Y.N.), Nagoya, the Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Respiratory Medicine, Okayama University Medical School, Okayama (Y.U.), the Laboratory of Microbial Carcinogenesis, Institute of Microbial Chemistry, Microbial Chemistry Research Foundation (M. Hatakeyama), the Department of Genetic Medicine and Services, National Cancer Center Hospital (M. Hirata, K. Sugano, T.Y.), the Division of Molecular Pathology, Department of Cancer Biology, Institute of Medical Science (M. Hirata, Y. Murakami), and the Laboratories of Complex Trait Genomics (Y. Kamatani) and Clinical Genome Sequencing (K. Matsuda), Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, and the Department of Genetic Medicine, Kyoundo Hospital, Sasaki Foundation (K. Sugano), Tokyo, and the Research Center of Infection-Associated Cancer, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo (M. Hatakeyama) - all in Japan; and the Population Health Program, QIMR (Queensland Institute of Medical Research) Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia (A.B.S.)
| | - Kunihiko Suzuki
- From the Laboratories for Genotyping Development (Y.U., M.E., Y.I., T.A., N.H., S.T., K. Suzuki, Y. Momozawa), Statistical and Translational Genetics (C.T.), and Cancer Genomics (H.N.), RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, the Divisions of Cancer Information and Control (Y.U., Y.T., Y.N.K., H.I.) and Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention (Y. Kasugai, I.O., K. Matsuo), Department of Preventive Medicine, Aichi Cancer Center, the Divisions of Cancer Epidemiology (Y. Kasugai, K. Matsuo) and Descriptive Cancer Epidemiology (H.I.), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute (I.I.), and the Department of Endoscopy (T.T., M.T.), Aichi Cancer Center Hospital (Y.N.), Nagoya, the Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Respiratory Medicine, Okayama University Medical School, Okayama (Y.U.), the Laboratory of Microbial Carcinogenesis, Institute of Microbial Chemistry, Microbial Chemistry Research Foundation (M. Hatakeyama), the Department of Genetic Medicine and Services, National Cancer Center Hospital (M. Hirata, K. Sugano, T.Y.), the Division of Molecular Pathology, Department of Cancer Biology, Institute of Medical Science (M. Hirata, Y. Murakami), and the Laboratories of Complex Trait Genomics (Y. Kamatani) and Clinical Genome Sequencing (K. Matsuda), Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, and the Department of Genetic Medicine, Kyoundo Hospital, Sasaki Foundation (K. Sugano), Tokyo, and the Research Center of Infection-Associated Cancer, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo (M. Hatakeyama) - all in Japan; and the Population Health Program, QIMR (Queensland Institute of Medical Research) Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia (A.B.S.)
| | - Chikashi Terao
- From the Laboratories for Genotyping Development (Y.U., M.E., Y.I., T.A., N.H., S.T., K. Suzuki, Y. Momozawa), Statistical and Translational Genetics (C.T.), and Cancer Genomics (H.N.), RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, the Divisions of Cancer Information and Control (Y.U., Y.T., Y.N.K., H.I.) and Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention (Y. Kasugai, I.O., K. Matsuo), Department of Preventive Medicine, Aichi Cancer Center, the Divisions of Cancer Epidemiology (Y. Kasugai, K. Matsuo) and Descriptive Cancer Epidemiology (H.I.), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute (I.I.), and the Department of Endoscopy (T.T., M.T.), Aichi Cancer Center Hospital (Y.N.), Nagoya, the Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Respiratory Medicine, Okayama University Medical School, Okayama (Y.U.), the Laboratory of Microbial Carcinogenesis, Institute of Microbial Chemistry, Microbial Chemistry Research Foundation (M. Hatakeyama), the Department of Genetic Medicine and Services, National Cancer Center Hospital (M. Hirata, K. Sugano, T.Y.), the Division of Molecular Pathology, Department of Cancer Biology, Institute of Medical Science (M. Hirata, Y. Murakami), and the Laboratories of Complex Trait Genomics (Y. Kamatani) and Clinical Genome Sequencing (K. Matsuda), Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, and the Department of Genetic Medicine, Kyoundo Hospital, Sasaki Foundation (K. Sugano), Tokyo, and the Research Center of Infection-Associated Cancer, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo (M. Hatakeyama) - all in Japan; and the Population Health Program, QIMR (Queensland Institute of Medical Research) Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia (A.B.S.)
| | - Masanori Hatakeyama
- From the Laboratories for Genotyping Development (Y.U., M.E., Y.I., T.A., N.H., S.T., K. Suzuki, Y. Momozawa), Statistical and Translational Genetics (C.T.), and Cancer Genomics (H.N.), RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, the Divisions of Cancer Information and Control (Y.U., Y.T., Y.N.K., H.I.) and Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention (Y. Kasugai, I.O., K. Matsuo), Department of Preventive Medicine, Aichi Cancer Center, the Divisions of Cancer Epidemiology (Y. Kasugai, K. Matsuo) and Descriptive Cancer Epidemiology (H.I.), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute (I.I.), and the Department of Endoscopy (T.T., M.T.), Aichi Cancer Center Hospital (Y.N.), Nagoya, the Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Respiratory Medicine, Okayama University Medical School, Okayama (Y.U.), the Laboratory of Microbial Carcinogenesis, Institute of Microbial Chemistry, Microbial Chemistry Research Foundation (M. Hatakeyama), the Department of Genetic Medicine and Services, National Cancer Center Hospital (M. Hirata, K. Sugano, T.Y.), the Division of Molecular Pathology, Department of Cancer Biology, Institute of Medical Science (M. Hirata, Y. Murakami), and the Laboratories of Complex Trait Genomics (Y. Kamatani) and Clinical Genome Sequencing (K. Matsuda), Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, and the Department of Genetic Medicine, Kyoundo Hospital, Sasaki Foundation (K. Sugano), Tokyo, and the Research Center of Infection-Associated Cancer, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo (M. Hatakeyama) - all in Japan; and the Population Health Program, QIMR (Queensland Institute of Medical Research) Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia (A.B.S.)
| | - Makoto Hirata
- From the Laboratories for Genotyping Development (Y.U., M.E., Y.I., T.A., N.H., S.T., K. Suzuki, Y. Momozawa), Statistical and Translational Genetics (C.T.), and Cancer Genomics (H.N.), RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, the Divisions of Cancer Information and Control (Y.U., Y.T., Y.N.K., H.I.) and Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention (Y. Kasugai, I.O., K. Matsuo), Department of Preventive Medicine, Aichi Cancer Center, the Divisions of Cancer Epidemiology (Y. Kasugai, K. Matsuo) and Descriptive Cancer Epidemiology (H.I.), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute (I.I.), and the Department of Endoscopy (T.T., M.T.), Aichi Cancer Center Hospital (Y.N.), Nagoya, the Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Respiratory Medicine, Okayama University Medical School, Okayama (Y.U.), the Laboratory of Microbial Carcinogenesis, Institute of Microbial Chemistry, Microbial Chemistry Research Foundation (M. Hatakeyama), the Department of Genetic Medicine and Services, National Cancer Center Hospital (M. Hirata, K. Sugano, T.Y.), the Division of Molecular Pathology, Department of Cancer Biology, Institute of Medical Science (M. Hirata, Y. Murakami), and the Laboratories of Complex Trait Genomics (Y. Kamatani) and Clinical Genome Sequencing (K. Matsuda), Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, and the Department of Genetic Medicine, Kyoundo Hospital, Sasaki Foundation (K. Sugano), Tokyo, and the Research Center of Infection-Associated Cancer, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo (M. Hatakeyama) - all in Japan; and the Population Health Program, QIMR (Queensland Institute of Medical Research) Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia (A.B.S.)
| | - Kokichi Sugano
- From the Laboratories for Genotyping Development (Y.U., M.E., Y.I., T.A., N.H., S.T., K. Suzuki, Y. Momozawa), Statistical and Translational Genetics (C.T.), and Cancer Genomics (H.N.), RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, the Divisions of Cancer Information and Control (Y.U., Y.T., Y.N.K., H.I.) and Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention (Y. Kasugai, I.O., K. Matsuo), Department of Preventive Medicine, Aichi Cancer Center, the Divisions of Cancer Epidemiology (Y. Kasugai, K. Matsuo) and Descriptive Cancer Epidemiology (H.I.), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute (I.I.), and the Department of Endoscopy (T.T., M.T.), Aichi Cancer Center Hospital (Y.N.), Nagoya, the Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Respiratory Medicine, Okayama University Medical School, Okayama (Y.U.), the Laboratory of Microbial Carcinogenesis, Institute of Microbial Chemistry, Microbial Chemistry Research Foundation (M. Hatakeyama), the Department of Genetic Medicine and Services, National Cancer Center Hospital (M. Hirata, K. Sugano, T.Y.), the Division of Molecular Pathology, Department of Cancer Biology, Institute of Medical Science (M. Hirata, Y. Murakami), and the Laboratories of Complex Trait Genomics (Y. Kamatani) and Clinical Genome Sequencing (K. Matsuda), Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, and the Department of Genetic Medicine, Kyoundo Hospital, Sasaki Foundation (K. Sugano), Tokyo, and the Research Center of Infection-Associated Cancer, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo (M. Hatakeyama) - all in Japan; and the Population Health Program, QIMR (Queensland Institute of Medical Research) Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia (A.B.S.)
| | - Teruhiko Yoshida
- From the Laboratories for Genotyping Development (Y.U., M.E., Y.I., T.A., N.H., S.T., K. Suzuki, Y. Momozawa), Statistical and Translational Genetics (C.T.), and Cancer Genomics (H.N.), RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, the Divisions of Cancer Information and Control (Y.U., Y.T., Y.N.K., H.I.) and Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention (Y. Kasugai, I.O., K. Matsuo), Department of Preventive Medicine, Aichi Cancer Center, the Divisions of Cancer Epidemiology (Y. Kasugai, K. Matsuo) and Descriptive Cancer Epidemiology (H.I.), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute (I.I.), and the Department of Endoscopy (T.T., M.T.), Aichi Cancer Center Hospital (Y.N.), Nagoya, the Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Respiratory Medicine, Okayama University Medical School, Okayama (Y.U.), the Laboratory of Microbial Carcinogenesis, Institute of Microbial Chemistry, Microbial Chemistry Research Foundation (M. Hatakeyama), the Department of Genetic Medicine and Services, National Cancer Center Hospital (M. Hirata, K. Sugano, T.Y.), the Division of Molecular Pathology, Department of Cancer Biology, Institute of Medical Science (M. Hirata, Y. Murakami), and the Laboratories of Complex Trait Genomics (Y. Kamatani) and Clinical Genome Sequencing (K. Matsuda), Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, and the Department of Genetic Medicine, Kyoundo Hospital, Sasaki Foundation (K. Sugano), Tokyo, and the Research Center of Infection-Associated Cancer, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo (M. Hatakeyama) - all in Japan; and the Population Health Program, QIMR (Queensland Institute of Medical Research) Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia (A.B.S.)
| | - Yoichiro Kamatani
- From the Laboratories for Genotyping Development (Y.U., M.E., Y.I., T.A., N.H., S.T., K. Suzuki, Y. Momozawa), Statistical and Translational Genetics (C.T.), and Cancer Genomics (H.N.), RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, the Divisions of Cancer Information and Control (Y.U., Y.T., Y.N.K., H.I.) and Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention (Y. Kasugai, I.O., K. Matsuo), Department of Preventive Medicine, Aichi Cancer Center, the Divisions of Cancer Epidemiology (Y. Kasugai, K. Matsuo) and Descriptive Cancer Epidemiology (H.I.), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute (I.I.), and the Department of Endoscopy (T.T., M.T.), Aichi Cancer Center Hospital (Y.N.), Nagoya, the Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Respiratory Medicine, Okayama University Medical School, Okayama (Y.U.), the Laboratory of Microbial Carcinogenesis, Institute of Microbial Chemistry, Microbial Chemistry Research Foundation (M. Hatakeyama), the Department of Genetic Medicine and Services, National Cancer Center Hospital (M. Hirata, K. Sugano, T.Y.), the Division of Molecular Pathology, Department of Cancer Biology, Institute of Medical Science (M. Hirata, Y. Murakami), and the Laboratories of Complex Trait Genomics (Y. Kamatani) and Clinical Genome Sequencing (K. Matsuda), Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, and the Department of Genetic Medicine, Kyoundo Hospital, Sasaki Foundation (K. Sugano), Tokyo, and the Research Center of Infection-Associated Cancer, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo (M. Hatakeyama) - all in Japan; and the Population Health Program, QIMR (Queensland Institute of Medical Research) Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia (A.B.S.)
| | - Hidewaki Nakagawa
- From the Laboratories for Genotyping Development (Y.U., M.E., Y.I., T.A., N.H., S.T., K. Suzuki, Y. Momozawa), Statistical and Translational Genetics (C.T.), and Cancer Genomics (H.N.), RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, the Divisions of Cancer Information and Control (Y.U., Y.T., Y.N.K., H.I.) and Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention (Y. Kasugai, I.O., K. Matsuo), Department of Preventive Medicine, Aichi Cancer Center, the Divisions of Cancer Epidemiology (Y. Kasugai, K. Matsuo) and Descriptive Cancer Epidemiology (H.I.), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute (I.I.), and the Department of Endoscopy (T.T., M.T.), Aichi Cancer Center Hospital (Y.N.), Nagoya, the Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Respiratory Medicine, Okayama University Medical School, Okayama (Y.U.), the Laboratory of Microbial Carcinogenesis, Institute of Microbial Chemistry, Microbial Chemistry Research Foundation (M. Hatakeyama), the Department of Genetic Medicine and Services, National Cancer Center Hospital (M. Hirata, K. Sugano, T.Y.), the Division of Molecular Pathology, Department of Cancer Biology, Institute of Medical Science (M. Hirata, Y. Murakami), and the Laboratories of Complex Trait Genomics (Y. Kamatani) and Clinical Genome Sequencing (K. Matsuda), Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, and the Department of Genetic Medicine, Kyoundo Hospital, Sasaki Foundation (K. Sugano), Tokyo, and the Research Center of Infection-Associated Cancer, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo (M. Hatakeyama) - all in Japan; and the Population Health Program, QIMR (Queensland Institute of Medical Research) Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia (A.B.S.)
| | - Koichi Matsuda
- From the Laboratories for Genotyping Development (Y.U., M.E., Y.I., T.A., N.H., S.T., K. Suzuki, Y. Momozawa), Statistical and Translational Genetics (C.T.), and Cancer Genomics (H.N.), RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, the Divisions of Cancer Information and Control (Y.U., Y.T., Y.N.K., H.I.) and Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention (Y. Kasugai, I.O., K. Matsuo), Department of Preventive Medicine, Aichi Cancer Center, the Divisions of Cancer Epidemiology (Y. Kasugai, K. Matsuo) and Descriptive Cancer Epidemiology (H.I.), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute (I.I.), and the Department of Endoscopy (T.T., M.T.), Aichi Cancer Center Hospital (Y.N.), Nagoya, the Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Respiratory Medicine, Okayama University Medical School, Okayama (Y.U.), the Laboratory of Microbial Carcinogenesis, Institute of Microbial Chemistry, Microbial Chemistry Research Foundation (M. Hatakeyama), the Department of Genetic Medicine and Services, National Cancer Center Hospital (M. Hirata, K. Sugano, T.Y.), the Division of Molecular Pathology, Department of Cancer Biology, Institute of Medical Science (M. Hirata, Y. Murakami), and the Laboratories of Complex Trait Genomics (Y. Kamatani) and Clinical Genome Sequencing (K. Matsuda), Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, and the Department of Genetic Medicine, Kyoundo Hospital, Sasaki Foundation (K. Sugano), Tokyo, and the Research Center of Infection-Associated Cancer, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo (M. Hatakeyama) - all in Japan; and the Population Health Program, QIMR (Queensland Institute of Medical Research) Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia (A.B.S.)
| | - Yoshinori Murakami
- From the Laboratories for Genotyping Development (Y.U., M.E., Y.I., T.A., N.H., S.T., K. Suzuki, Y. Momozawa), Statistical and Translational Genetics (C.T.), and Cancer Genomics (H.N.), RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, the Divisions of Cancer Information and Control (Y.U., Y.T., Y.N.K., H.I.) and Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention (Y. Kasugai, I.O., K. Matsuo), Department of Preventive Medicine, Aichi Cancer Center, the Divisions of Cancer Epidemiology (Y. Kasugai, K. Matsuo) and Descriptive Cancer Epidemiology (H.I.), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute (I.I.), and the Department of Endoscopy (T.T., M.T.), Aichi Cancer Center Hospital (Y.N.), Nagoya, the Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Respiratory Medicine, Okayama University Medical School, Okayama (Y.U.), the Laboratory of Microbial Carcinogenesis, Institute of Microbial Chemistry, Microbial Chemistry Research Foundation (M. Hatakeyama), the Department of Genetic Medicine and Services, National Cancer Center Hospital (M. Hirata, K. Sugano, T.Y.), the Division of Molecular Pathology, Department of Cancer Biology, Institute of Medical Science (M. Hirata, Y. Murakami), and the Laboratories of Complex Trait Genomics (Y. Kamatani) and Clinical Genome Sequencing (K. Matsuda), Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, and the Department of Genetic Medicine, Kyoundo Hospital, Sasaki Foundation (K. Sugano), Tokyo, and the Research Center of Infection-Associated Cancer, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo (M. Hatakeyama) - all in Japan; and the Population Health Program, QIMR (Queensland Institute of Medical Research) Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia (A.B.S.)
| | - Amanda B Spurdle
- From the Laboratories for Genotyping Development (Y.U., M.E., Y.I., T.A., N.H., S.T., K. Suzuki, Y. Momozawa), Statistical and Translational Genetics (C.T.), and Cancer Genomics (H.N.), RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, the Divisions of Cancer Information and Control (Y.U., Y.T., Y.N.K., H.I.) and Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention (Y. Kasugai, I.O., K. Matsuo), Department of Preventive Medicine, Aichi Cancer Center, the Divisions of Cancer Epidemiology (Y. Kasugai, K. Matsuo) and Descriptive Cancer Epidemiology (H.I.), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute (I.I.), and the Department of Endoscopy (T.T., M.T.), Aichi Cancer Center Hospital (Y.N.), Nagoya, the Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Respiratory Medicine, Okayama University Medical School, Okayama (Y.U.), the Laboratory of Microbial Carcinogenesis, Institute of Microbial Chemistry, Microbial Chemistry Research Foundation (M. Hatakeyama), the Department of Genetic Medicine and Services, National Cancer Center Hospital (M. Hirata, K. Sugano, T.Y.), the Division of Molecular Pathology, Department of Cancer Biology, Institute of Medical Science (M. Hirata, Y. Murakami), and the Laboratories of Complex Trait Genomics (Y. Kamatani) and Clinical Genome Sequencing (K. Matsuda), Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, and the Department of Genetic Medicine, Kyoundo Hospital, Sasaki Foundation (K. Sugano), Tokyo, and the Research Center of Infection-Associated Cancer, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo (M. Hatakeyama) - all in Japan; and the Population Health Program, QIMR (Queensland Institute of Medical Research) Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia (A.B.S.)
| | - Keitaro Matsuo
- From the Laboratories for Genotyping Development (Y.U., M.E., Y.I., T.A., N.H., S.T., K. Suzuki, Y. Momozawa), Statistical and Translational Genetics (C.T.), and Cancer Genomics (H.N.), RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, the Divisions of Cancer Information and Control (Y.U., Y.T., Y.N.K., H.I.) and Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention (Y. Kasugai, I.O., K. Matsuo), Department of Preventive Medicine, Aichi Cancer Center, the Divisions of Cancer Epidemiology (Y. Kasugai, K. Matsuo) and Descriptive Cancer Epidemiology (H.I.), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute (I.I.), and the Department of Endoscopy (T.T., M.T.), Aichi Cancer Center Hospital (Y.N.), Nagoya, the Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Respiratory Medicine, Okayama University Medical School, Okayama (Y.U.), the Laboratory of Microbial Carcinogenesis, Institute of Microbial Chemistry, Microbial Chemistry Research Foundation (M. Hatakeyama), the Department of Genetic Medicine and Services, National Cancer Center Hospital (M. Hirata, K. Sugano, T.Y.), the Division of Molecular Pathology, Department of Cancer Biology, Institute of Medical Science (M. Hirata, Y. Murakami), and the Laboratories of Complex Trait Genomics (Y. Kamatani) and Clinical Genome Sequencing (K. Matsuda), Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, and the Department of Genetic Medicine, Kyoundo Hospital, Sasaki Foundation (K. Sugano), Tokyo, and the Research Center of Infection-Associated Cancer, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo (M. Hatakeyama) - all in Japan; and the Population Health Program, QIMR (Queensland Institute of Medical Research) Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia (A.B.S.)
| | - Yukihide Momozawa
- From the Laboratories for Genotyping Development (Y.U., M.E., Y.I., T.A., N.H., S.T., K. Suzuki, Y. Momozawa), Statistical and Translational Genetics (C.T.), and Cancer Genomics (H.N.), RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, the Divisions of Cancer Information and Control (Y.U., Y.T., Y.N.K., H.I.) and Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention (Y. Kasugai, I.O., K. Matsuo), Department of Preventive Medicine, Aichi Cancer Center, the Divisions of Cancer Epidemiology (Y. Kasugai, K. Matsuo) and Descriptive Cancer Epidemiology (H.I.), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute (I.I.), and the Department of Endoscopy (T.T., M.T.), Aichi Cancer Center Hospital (Y.N.), Nagoya, the Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Respiratory Medicine, Okayama University Medical School, Okayama (Y.U.), the Laboratory of Microbial Carcinogenesis, Institute of Microbial Chemistry, Microbial Chemistry Research Foundation (M. Hatakeyama), the Department of Genetic Medicine and Services, National Cancer Center Hospital (M. Hirata, K. Sugano, T.Y.), the Division of Molecular Pathology, Department of Cancer Biology, Institute of Medical Science (M. Hirata, Y. Murakami), and the Laboratories of Complex Trait Genomics (Y. Kamatani) and Clinical Genome Sequencing (K. Matsuda), Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, and the Department of Genetic Medicine, Kyoundo Hospital, Sasaki Foundation (K. Sugano), Tokyo, and the Research Center of Infection-Associated Cancer, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo (M. Hatakeyama) - all in Japan; and the Population Health Program, QIMR (Queensland Institute of Medical Research) Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia (A.B.S.)
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10
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Liu Y, Zhang B, Zhou Y, Xing Y, Wang Y, Jia Y, Liu D. Targeting Hippo pathway: A novel strategy for Helicobacter pylori-induced gastric cancer treatment. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 161:114549. [PMID: 36958190 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The Hippo pathway plays an important role in cell proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation; it is a crucial regulatory pathway in organ development and tumor growth. Infection with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) increases the risk of developing gastric cancer. In recent years, significant progress has been made in understanding the mechanisms by which H. pylori infection promotes the development and progression of gastric cancer via the Hippo pathway. Exploring the Hippo pathway molecules may yield new diagnostic and therapeutic targets for H. pylori-induced gastric cancer. The current article reviews the composition and regulatory mechanism of the Hippo pathway, as well as the research progress of the Hippo pathway in the occurrence and development of H. pylori-related gastric cancer, in order to provide a broader perspective for the study and prevention of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyun Liu
- Research Center of Basic Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China; Research Center of Basic Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingkai Zhang
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Qingzhou People's Hospital, Qingzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yimin Zhou
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanxin Xing
- Research Center of Basic Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China; Research Center of Basic Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunshan Wang
- Research Center of Basic Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China; Research Center of Basic Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanfei Jia
- Research Center of Basic Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China; Research Center of Basic Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Duanrui Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, People's Republic of China.
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11
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O’Brien VP, Jackson LK, Frick JP, Rodriguez Martinez AE, Jones DS, Johnston CD, Salama NR. Helicobacter pylori Chronic Infection Selects for Effective Colonizers of Metaplastic Glands. mBio 2023; 14:e0311622. [PMID: 36598261 PMCID: PMC9973278 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.03116-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic gastric infection with Helicobacter pylori can lead to progressive tissue changes that culminate in cancer, but how H. pylori adapts to the changing tissue environment during disease development is not fully understood. In a transgenic mouse gastric metaplasia model, we found that strains from unrelated individuals differed in their ability to infect the stomach, to colonize metaplastic glands, and to alter the expression of the metaplasia-associated protein TFF3. H. pylori isolates from different stages of disease from a single individual had differential ability to colonize healthy and metaplastic gastric glands. Exposure to the metaplastic environment selected for high gastric colonization by one of these strains. Complete genome sequencing revealed a unique alteration in the frequency of a variant allele of the putative adhesin sabB, arising from a recombination event with the related sialic acid binding adhesin (SabA) gene. Mutation of sabB in multiple H. pylori strain backgrounds strongly reduced adherence to both normal and metaplastic gastric tissue, and highly attenuated stomach colonization in mice. Thus, the changing gastric environment during disease development promotes bacterial adhesin gene variation associated with enhanced gastric colonization. IMPORTANCE Chronic infection with Helicobacter pylori is the primary risk factor for developing stomach cancer. As disease progresses H. pylori must adapt to a changing host tissue environment that includes induction of new cell fates in the cells that line the stomach. We tested representative H. pylori isolates collected from the same patient during early and later stages of disease in a mouse model where we can rapidly induce disease-associated tissue changes. Only the later-stage H. pylori strains could robustly colonize the diseased stomach environment. We also found that the ability to colonize the diseased stomach was associated with genetic variation in a putative cell surface adhesin gene called sabB. Additional experiments revealed that SabB promotes binding to stomach tissue and is critical for stomach colonization by the late-stage strains. Thus, H. pylori diversifies its genome during disease progression and these genomic changes highlight critical factors for bacterial persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. P. O’Brien
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - L. K. Jackson
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - J. P. Frick
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - D. S. Jones
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - C. D. Johnston
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - N. R. Salama
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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12
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Helicobacter pylori and Gastric Cancer: Pathogenetic Mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032895. [PMID: 36769214 PMCID: PMC9917787 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is the sixth most commonly diagnosed cancer and the fourth leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is one of the main risk factors for this type of neoplasia. Carcinogenetic mechanisms associated with H. pylori are based, on the one hand, on the onset of chronic inflammation and, on the other hand, on bacterial-specific virulence factors that can damage the DNA of gastric epithelial cells and promote genomic instability. Here, we review and discuss the major pathogenetic mechanisms by which H. pylori infection contributes to the onset and development of gastric cancer.
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13
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Zheng SY, Zhu L, Wu LY, Liu HR, Ma XP, Li Q, Wu MD, Wang WJ, Li J, Wu HG. Helicobacter pylori-positive chronic atrophic gastritis and cellular senescence. Helicobacter 2023; 28:e12944. [PMID: 36539375 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) is a pathological stage in the Correa's cascade, whereby Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is the primary cause. Cellular senescence is an inducing factor for cancer occurrence and cellular senescence is an obvious phenomenon in gastric mucosal tissues of H. pylori-positive CAG patients. METHODS In this review, we collated the information on cellular senescence and H. pylori-positive CAG. RESULTS At present, only a few studies have observed the effect of cellular senescence on precancerous lesions. In combination with the latest research, this review has collated the information on cellular senescence and H. pylori-positive CAG from four aspects- telomere shortening, DNA methylation, increased reacive oxygen species (ROS) production, and failure of autophagy. CONCLUSION This is expected to be helpful for exploring the relevant mechanisms underlying inflammatory cancerous transformation and formulating appropriate treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Yu Zheng
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Zhu
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu-Yi Wu
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui-Rong Liu
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Research Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Peng Ma
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Research Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Li
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng-Die Wu
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Jia Wang
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Li
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huan-Gan Wu
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Research Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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14
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Liu Y, Shi Y, Han R, Liu C, Qin X, Li P, Gu R. Signaling pathways of oxidative stress response: the potential therapeutic targets in gastric cancer. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1139589. [PMID: 37143652 PMCID: PMC10151477 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1139589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is one of the top causes of cancer-related death globally. Although novel treatment strategies have been developed, attempts to eradicate gastric cancer have been proven insufficient. Oxidative stress is continually produced and continually present in the human body. Increasing evidences show that oxidative stress contributes significantly to the development of gastric cancer, either through initiation, promotion, and progression of cancer cells or causing cell death. As a result, the purpose of this article is to review the role of oxidative stress response and the subsequent signaling pathways as well as potential oxidative stress-related therapeutic targets in gastric cancer. Understanding the pathophysiology of gastric cancer and developing new therapies for gastric cancer depends on more researches focusing on the potential contributors to oxidative stress and gastric carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Liu
- School of Chinese Medicine & School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Institute for Immunology and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Shi
- Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruiqin Han
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chaoge Liu
- Department of Oromaxillofacial - Head and Neck Surgery, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Function Reconstruction, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaogang Qin
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Tongzhou District, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
- *Correspondence: Renjun Gu, ; Pengfei Li, ; Xiaogang Qin,
| | - Pengfei Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Renjun Gu, ; Pengfei Li, ; Xiaogang Qin,
| | - Renjun Gu
- School of Chinese Medicine & School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Renjun Gu, ; Pengfei Li, ; Xiaogang Qin,
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15
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Hatakeyama M. Impact of the Helicobacter pylori Oncoprotein CagA in Gastric Carcinogenesis. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2023; 444:239-257. [PMID: 38231221 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-47331-9_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori CagA is the first and only bacterial oncoprotein etiologically associated with human cancer. Upon delivery into gastric epithelial cells via bacterial type IV secretion, CagA acts as a pathogenic/pro-oncogenic scaffold that interacts with and functionally perturbs multiple host proteins such as pro-oncogenic SHP2 phosphatase and polarity-regulating kinase PAR1b/MARK2. Although H. pylori infection is established during early childhood, gastric cancer generally develops in elderly individuals, indicating that oncogenic CagA activity is effectively counteracted at a younger age. Moreover, the eradication of cagA-positive H. pylori cannot cure established gastric cancer, indicating that H. pylori CagA-triggered gastric carcinogenesis proceeds via a hit-and-run mechanism. In addition to its direct oncogenic action, CagA induces BRCAness, a cellular status characterized by replication fork destabilization and loss of error-free homologous recombination-mediated DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) by inhibiting cytoplasmic-to-nuclear localization of the BRCA1 tumor suppressor. This causes genomic instability that leads to the accumulation of excess mutations in the host cell genome, which may underlie hit-and-run gastric carcinogenesis. The close connection between CagA and BRCAness was corroborated by a recent large-scale case-control study that revealed that the risk of gastric cancer in individuals carrying pathogenic variants of genes that induce BRCAness (such as BRCA1 and BRCA2) dramatically increases upon infection with cagA-positive H. pylori. Accordingly, CagA-mediated BRCAness plays a crucial role in the development of gastric cancer in conjunction with the direct oncogenic action of CagA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Hatakeyama
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry, Laboratory of Microbial Carcinogenesis, Microbial Chemistry Research Foundation, 3-14-23 Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo, 141-0021, Japan.
- Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-0815, Japan.
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16
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Backert S, Linz B, Tegtmeyer N. Helicobacter pylori-Induced Host Cell DNA Damage and Genetics of Gastric Cancer Development. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2023; 444:185-206. [PMID: 38231219 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-47331-9_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Gastric cancer is a very serious and deadly disease worldwide with about one million new cases every year. Most gastric cancer subtypes are associated with genetic and epigenetic aberrations caused by chromosome instability, microsatellite instability or Epstein-Barr virus infection. Another risk factor is an infection with Helicobacter pylori, which also triggers severe alterations in the host genome. This pathogen expresses an extraordinary repertoire of virulence determinants that take over control of important host cell signaling functions. In fact, H. pylori is a paradigm of persistent infection, chronic inflammation and cellular destruction. In particular, H. pylori profoundly induces chromosomal DNA damage by introducing double-strand breaks (DSBs) followed by genomic instability. DSBs appear in response to oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory transcription during the S-phase of the epithelial cell cycle, which mainly depends on the presence of the bacterial cag pathogenicity island (cagPAI)-encoded type IV secretion system (T4SS). This scenario is closely connected with the T4SS-mediated injection of ADP-glycero-β-D-manno-heptose (ADP-heptose) and oncoprotein CagA. While ADP-heptose links transcription factor NF-κB-induced innate immune signaling with RNA-loop-mediated DNA replication stress and introduction of DSBs, intracellular CagA targets the tumor suppressor BRCA1. The latter scenario promotes BRCAness, a disease characterized by the deficiency of effective DSB repair. In addition, genetic studies of patients demonstrated the presence of gastric cancer-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in immune-regulatory and other genes as well as specific pathogenic germline variants in several crucial genes involved in homologous recombination and DNA repair, all of which are connected to H. pylori infection. Here we review the molecular mechanisms leading to chromosomal DNA damage and specific genetic aberrations in the presence or absence of H. pylori infection, and discuss their importance in gastric carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Backert
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstr. 5, 91058, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Bodo Linz
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstr. 5, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nicole Tegtmeyer
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstr. 5, 91058, Erlangen, Germany.
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17
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Long F, Li S, Xu Y, Liu M, Zhang X, Zhou J, Chen Y, Rong Y, Meng X, Wang F. Dynamic gene screening enabled identification of a 10-gene panel for early detection and progression assessment of gastric cancer. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2022; 21:677-687. [PMID: 36659923 PMCID: PMC9826902 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2022.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Early diagnosis and progression assessment are critical for the timely detection and treatment of gastric cancer (GC) patients. Identification of diagnostic biomarkers for early detection of GC represents an unmet clinical need, and how these markers further influence GC progression is explored rarely. We performed dynamic gene screening based on high-throughput data analysis from patients with precancerous lesions and early gastric cancer (EGC) and identified a 10-gene panel by the lasso regression model. This panel demonstrated good diagnostic performance in TCGA (AUC = 0.95, sensitivity = 86.67 %, specificity = 90.63 %) and GEO (AUC = 0.84, sensitivity = 91.67 %, specificity = 78.13 %) cohorts. Moreover, three GC subtypes were clustered based on this panel, in which cluster 2 (C2) demonstrated the highest tumor progression level with a high expression of 10 genes, showing a decreased tumor mutation burden, significantly enriched epithelial-mesenchymal transition hallmark and increased immune exclusion/exhausted features. Finally, the cell localization of these panel genes was explored in scRNA-seq data based on more than 40,000 cells. The 10-gene panel is expected to be a new clinical early detection signature for GC and may aid in progression assessment and personalized treatment of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Long
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,Center for Single-Cell Omics and Tumor Liquid Biopsy, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuo Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,Center for Single-Cell Omics and Tumor Liquid Biopsy, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yaqi Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Junting Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yiyi Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuan Rong
- Center for Single-Cell Omics and Tumor Liquid Biopsy, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,Forensic Center of Justice, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan China,Corresponding authors at: Center for Single-Cell Omics and Tumor Liquid Biopsy, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Xiangyu Meng
- Center for Single-Cell Omics and Tumor Liquid Biopsy, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,Wuhan Research Center for Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China,Corresponding authors at: Center for Single-Cell Omics and Tumor Liquid Biopsy, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Fubing Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,Center for Single-Cell Omics and Tumor Liquid Biopsy, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,Wuhan Research Center for Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China,Corresponding author at: Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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18
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Freire de Melo F, Marques HS, Rocha Pinheiro SL, Lemos FFB, Silva Luz M, Nayara Teixeira K, Souza CL, Oliveira MV. Influence of Helicobacter pylori oncoprotein CagA in gastric cancer: A critical-reflective analysis. World J Clin Oncol 2022; 13:866-879. [PMID: 36483973 PMCID: PMC9724182 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v13.i11.866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is the fifth most common malignancy and third leading cancer-related cause of death worldwide. Helicobacter pylori is a Gram-negative bacterium that inhabits the gastric environment of 60.3% of the world’s population and represents the main risk factor for the onset of gastric neoplasms. CagA is the most important virulence factor in H. pylori, and is a translocated oncoprotein that induces morphofunctional modifications in gastric epithelial cells and a chronic inflammatory response that increases the risk of developing precancerous lesions. Upon translocation and tyrosine phosphorylation, CagA moves to the cell membrane and acts as a pathological scaffold protein that simultaneously interacts with multiple intracellular signaling pathways, thereby disrupting cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. All these alterations in cell biology increase the risk of damaged cells acquiring pro-oncogenic genetic changes. In this sense, once gastric cancer sets in, its perpetuation is independent of the presence of the oncoprotein, characterizing a “hit-and-run” carcinogenic mechanism. Therefore, this review aims to describe H. pylori- and CagA-related oncogenic mechanisms, to update readers and discuss the novelties and perspectives in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrício Freire de Melo
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Brazil
| | - Hanna Santos Marques
- Campus Vitória da Conquista, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Brazil
| | - Samuel Luca Rocha Pinheiro
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Brazil
| | - Fabian Fellipe Bueno Lemos
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Brazil
| | - Marcel Silva Luz
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Brazil
| | | | - Cláudio Lima Souza
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Brazil
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19
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Mitochondria supply sub-lethal signals for cytokine secretion and DNA-damage in H. pylori infection. Cell Death Differ 2022; 29:2218-2232. [PMID: 35505004 PMCID: PMC9613881 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-022-01009-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The bacterium Helicobacter pylori induces gastric inflammation and predisposes to cancer. H. pylori-infected epithelial cells secrete cytokines and chemokines and undergo DNA-damage. We show that the host cell's mitochondrial apoptosis system contributes to cytokine secretion and DNA-damage in the absence of cell death. H. pylori induced secretion of cytokines/chemokines from epithelial cells, dependent on the mitochondrial apoptosis machinery. A signalling step was identified in the release of mitochondrial Smac/DIABLO, which was required for alternative NF-κB-activation and contributed to chemokine secretion. The bacterial cag-pathogenicity island and bacterial muropeptide triggered mitochondrial host cell signals through the pattern recognition receptor NOD1. H. pylori-induced DNA-damage depended on mitochondrial apoptosis signals and the caspase-activated DNAse. In biopsies from H. pylori-positive patients, we observed a correlation of Smac-levels and inflammation. Non-apoptotic cells in these samples showed evidence of caspase-3-activation, correlating with phosphorylation of the DNA-damage response kinase ATM. Thus, H. pylori activates the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway to a sub-lethal level. During infection, Smac has a cytosolic, pro-inflammatory role in the absence of apoptosis. Further, DNA-damage through sub-lethal mitochondrial signals is likely to contribute to mutagenesis and cancer development.
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20
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Zhang J, Wang W, Yan S, Li J, Wei H, Zhao W. CagA and VacA inhibit gastric mucosal epithelial cell autophagy and promote the progression of gastric precancerous lesions. ZHONG NAN DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF CENTRAL SOUTH UNIVERSITY. MEDICAL SCIENCES 2022; 47:942-951. [PMID: 36039592 PMCID: PMC10930283 DOI: 10.11817/j.issn.1672-7347.2022.210779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA) and vacuolating cytotoxin A (VacA) are the keys to the pathogenic role of Helicobacter pylori and the high-risk factors for the progression of gastric precancerous lesions. Autophagy can stabilize the intracellular environment, resist Helicobacter pylori infection, prevent the accumulation of damaged DNA, and inhibit the proliferation of gastric precancerous variant cells. However, CagA and VacA can inhibit the activation of upstream signals of autophagy and the maturation of autophagy-lysosomes in various ways, thus inhibiting the autophagy of gastric mucosal cells in precancerous lesions of gastric cancer. This change can cause Helicobacter pylori to be unable to be effectively cleared by autophagy, so CagA and VacA can persist and promote the inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis of gastric mucosal tissue cells, and the glycolytic activity and proliferation of variant cells in gastric precancerous lesions and a series of malignant biological processes. In recent years, the research on drugs specifically inhibiting the activities of CagA and VacA has become a new direction for the prevention and treatment of Helicobacter pylori-related severe gastric diseases, and a variety of drugs or components that can precisely and effectively regulate the factors for the treatment of gastric precancerous lesions are emerged, which opens a new strategy for the treatment of gastric precancerous lesions in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxiang Zhang
- Basic Medical College, Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xianyang Shaanxi 712046.
| | - Wenba Wang
- Basic Medical College, Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xianyang Shaanxi 712046
| | - Shuguang Yan
- Basic Medical College, Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xianyang Shaanxi 712046.
| | - Jingtao Li
- Department of Hepatology, Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xianyang Shaanxi 712000
| | - Hailiang Wei
- Department of Hepatology, Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xianyang Shaanxi 712000
| | - Weihan Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xianyang Shaanxi 712000, China
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21
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Neuper T, Frauenlob T, Posselt G, Horejs-Hoeck J. Beyond the gastric epithelium - the paradox of Helicobacter pylori-induced immune responses. Curr Opin Immunol 2022; 76:102208. [PMID: 35569416 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2022.102208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Chronic infections are typically characterized by an ineffective immune response to the inducing pathogen. While failing to clear the infectious microbe, the provoked inflammatory processes may cause severe tissue damage culminating in functional impairment of the affected organ. The human pathogen Helicobacter pylori is a uniquely successful Gram-negative microorganism inhabiting the gastric mucosa in approximately 50% of the world's population. This bacterial species has evolved spectacular means of evading immune surveillance and influencing host immunity, leading to a fragile equilibrium between proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory signals, the breakdown of which can have serious consequences for the host, including gastric ulceration and cancer. This review highlights novel insights into this delicate interaction between host and pathogen from an immunological perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Neuper
- Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, University of Salzburg, Austria
| | - Tobias Frauenlob
- Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, University of Salzburg, Austria; Cancer Cluster Salzburg (CCS), Austria
| | - Gernot Posselt
- Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, University of Salzburg, Austria
| | - Jutta Horejs-Hoeck
- Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, University of Salzburg, Austria; Cancer Cluster Salzburg (CCS), Austria.
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22
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Prasad SK, Bhat S, Shashank D, C R A, R S, Rachtanapun P, Devegowda D, Santhekadur PK, Sommano SR. Bacteria-Mediated Oncogenesis and the Underlying Molecular Intricacies: What We Know So Far. Front Oncol 2022; 12:836004. [PMID: 35480118 PMCID: PMC9036991 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.836004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancers are known to have multifactorial etiology. Certain bacteria and viruses are proven carcinogens. Lately, there has been in-depth research investigating carcinogenic capabilities of some bacteria. Reports indicate that chronic inflammation and harmful bacterial metabolites to be strong promoters of neoplasticity. Helicobacter pylori-induced gastric adenocarcinoma is the best illustration of the chronic inflammation paradigm of oncogenesis. Chronic inflammation, which produces excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) is hypothesized to cause cancerous cell proliferation. Other possible bacteria-dependent mechanisms and virulence factors have also been suspected of playing a vital role in the bacteria-induced-cancer(s). Numerous attempts have been made to explore and establish the possible relationship between the two. With the growing concerns on anti-microbial resistance and over-dependence of mankind on antibiotics to treat bacterial infections, it must be deemed critical to understand and identify carcinogenic bacteria, to establish their role in causing cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashanka K Prasad
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Life Sciences, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeshwara (JSS) Academy of Higher Education and Research (JSSAHER), Mysuru, India
| | - Smitha Bhat
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Life Sciences, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeshwara (JSS) Academy of Higher Education and Research (JSSAHER), Mysuru, India
| | - Dharini Shashank
- Department of General Surgery, Adichunchanagiri Institute of Medical Sciences, Mandya, India
| | - Akshatha C R
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Sindhu R
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeshwara (JSS) Academy of Higher Education and Research (JSSAHER), Mysuru, India
| | - Pornchai Rachtanapun
- School of Agro-Industry, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Cluster of Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry (Agro BCG), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Devananda Devegowda
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CEMR), Department of Biochemistry, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research (JSSAHER), Mysuru, India
| | - Prasanna K Santhekadur
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CEMR), Department of Biochemistry, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research (JSSAHER), Mysuru, India
| | - Sarana Rose Sommano
- Cluster of Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry (Agro BCG), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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23
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Murata-Kamiya N, Hatakeyama M. Helicobacter pylori-induced DNA double-strand break in the development of gastric cancer. Cancer Sci 2022; 113:1909-1918. [PMID: 35359025 PMCID: PMC9207368 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection with cagA-positive Helicobacter pylori strains plays an etiological role in the development of gastric cancer. The CagA protein is injected into gastric epithelial cells through a bacterial Type IV secretion system. Inside the host cells, CagA promiscuously associates with multiple host cell proteins including the prooncogenic phosphatase SHP2 that is required for full activation of the RAS-ERK pathway. CagA-SHP2 interaction aberrantly activates SHP2 and thereby deregulates RAS-ERK signaling. Cancer is regarded as a disease of the genome, indicating that H. pylori-mediated gastric carcinogenesis is also associated with genomic alterations in the host cell. Indeed, accumulating evidence has indicated that H. pylori infection provokes DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) by both CagA-dependent and -independent mechanisms. DSBs are repaired by either error-free homologous recombination (HR) or error-prone non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) or microhomology-mediated end joining (MMEJ). Infection with cagA-positive H. pylori inhibits RAD51 expression while dampening cytoplasmic-to-nuclear translocalization of BRCA1, causing replication fork instability and HR defects (known as "BRCAness"), which collectively provoke genomic hypermutation via non-HR-mediated DSB repair. H. pylori also subverts multiple DNA damage responses including DNA repair systems. Infection with H. pylori additionally inhibits the function of the p53 tumor suppressor, thereby dampening DNA damage-induced apoptosis while promoting proliferation of CagA-delivered cells. Thus, H. pylori cagA-positive strains promote abnormal expansion of cells with BRCAness, which dramatically increases the chance of generating driver gene mutations in the host cells. Once such driver mutations are acquired, H. pylori CagA is no longer required for subsequent gastric carcinogenesis (Hit-and-Run carcinogenesis).
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Murata-Kamiya
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Masanori Hatakeyama
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
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Han L, Shu X, Wang J. Helicobacter pylori-Mediated Oxidative Stress and Gastric Diseases: A Review. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:811258. [PMID: 35211104 PMCID: PMC8860906 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.811258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is considered to be a type of gastrointestinal tumor and is mostly accompanied by Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection at the early stage. Hence, the long-term colonization of the gastric mucosa by HP as a causative factor for gastrointestinal diseases cannot be ignored. The virulence factors secreted by the bacterium activate the signaling pathway of oxidative stress and mediate chronic inflammatory response in the host cells. The virulence factors also thwart the antibacterial effect of neutrophils. Subsequently, DNA methylation is induced, which causes continuous cell proliferation and evolution toward low-grade-differentiated gastric cells. This process provides the pathological basis for the occurrence of progressive gastric cancer. Therefore, this review aims to summarize the oxidative stress response triggered by HP in the gastric mucosa and the subsequent signaling pathways. The findings are expected to help in the formulation of new targeted drugs for preventing the occurrence of early gastric cancer and its progression to middle and advanced cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Han
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xu Shu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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25
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The H. pylori CagA Oncoprotein Induces DNA Double Strand Breaks through Fanconi Anemia Pathway Downregulation and Replication Fork Collapse. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031661. [PMID: 35163588 PMCID: PMC8836099 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The proteins from the Fanconi Anemia (FA) pathway of DNA repair maintain DNA replication fork integrity by preventing the unscheduled degradation of nascent DNA at regions of stalled replication forks. Here, we ask if the bacterial pathogen H. pylori exploits the fork stabilisation machinery to generate double stand breaks (DSBs) and genomic instability. Specifically, we study if the H. pylori virulence factor CagA generates host genomic DSBs through replication fork destabilisation and collapse. An inducible gastric cancer model was used to examine global CagA-dependent transcriptomic and proteomic alterations, using RNA sequencing and SILAC-based mass spectrometry, respectively. The transcriptional alterations were confirmed in gastric cancer cell lines infected with H. pylori. Functional analysis was performed using chromatin fractionation, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and single molecule DNA replication/repair fiber assays. We found a core set of 31 DNA repair factors including the FA genes FANCI, FANCD2, BRCA1, and BRCA2 that were downregulated following CagA expression. H. pylori infection of gastric cancer cell lines showed downregulation of the aforementioned FA genes in a CagA-dependent manner. Consistent with FA pathway downregulation, chromatin purification studies revealed impaired levels of Rad51 but higher recruitment of the nuclease MRE11 on the chromatin of CagA-expressing cells, suggesting impaired fork protection. In line with the above data, fibre assays revealed higher fork degradation, lower fork speed, daughter strands gap accumulation, and impaired re-start of replication forks in the presence of CagA, indicating compromised genome stability. By downregulating the expression of key DNA repair genes such as FANCI, FANCD2, BRCA1, and BRCA2, H. pylori CagA compromises host replication fork stability and induces DNA DSBs through fork collapse. These data unveil an intriguing example of a bacterial virulence factor that induces genomic instability by interfering with the host replication fork stabilisation machinery.
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26
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Imai S, Ooki T, Murata-Kamiya N, Komura D, Tahmina K, Wu W, Takahashi-Kanemitsu A, Knight CT, Kunita A, Suzuki N, Del Valle AA, Tsuboi M, Hata M, Hayakawa Y, Ohnishi N, Ueda K, Fukayama M, Ushiku T, Ishikawa S, Hatakeyama M. Helicobacter pylori CagA elicits BRCAness to induce genome instability that may underlie bacterial gastric carcinogenesis. Cell Host Microbe 2021; 29:941-958.e10. [PMID: 33989515 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2021.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Infection with CagA-producing Helicobacter pylori plays a causative role in the development of gastric cancer. Upon delivery into gastric epithelial cells, CagA deregulates prooncogenic phosphatase SHP2 while inhibiting polarity-regulating kinase PAR1b through complex formation. Here, we show that CagA/PAR1b interaction subverts nuclear translocation of BRCA1 by inhibiting PAR1b-mediated BRCA1 phosphorylation. It hereby induces BRCAness that promotes DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) while disabling error-free homologous recombination-mediated DNA repair. The CagA/PAR1b interaction also stimulates Hippo signaling that circumvents apoptosis of DNA-damaged cells, giving cells time to repair DSBs through error-prone mechanisms. The DSB-activated p53-p21Cip1 axis inhibits proliferation of CagA-delivered cells, but the inhibition can be overcome by p53 inactivation. Indeed, sequential pulses of CagA in TP53-mutant cells drove somatic mutation with BRCAness-associated genetic signatures. Expansion of CagA-delivered cells with BRCAness-mediated genome instability, from which CagA-independent cancer-predisposing cells arise, provides a plausible "hit-and-run mechanism" of H. pylori CagA for gastric carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Imai
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Takuya Ooki
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Naoko Murata-Kamiya
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Daisuke Komura
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kamrunnesa Tahmina
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Weida Wu
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | | | - Christopher Takaya Knight
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Akiko Kunita
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Nobumi Suzuki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Adriana A Del Valle
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Mayo Tsuboi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Masahiro Hata
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yoku Hayakawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Naomi Ohnishi
- Cancer Precision Medicine Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan
| | - Koji Ueda
- Cancer Precision Medicine Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan
| | - Masashi Fukayama
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Ushiku
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Shumpei Ishikawa
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Masanori Hatakeyama
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
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Palrasu M, Zaika E, El-Rifai W, Que J, Zaika AI. Role of Bacterial and Viral Pathogens in Gastric Carcinogenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13081878. [PMID: 33919876 PMCID: PMC8070847 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13081878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Stomach cancer is one of the most common cancers in the world, with over one million new cases diagnosed in 2020. Despite recent advances in cancer treatments, gastric cancer remains a serious clinical problem. This disease is tightly linked to gastric infections with Helicobacter pylori bacterium, Epstein–Barr virus, and some other less known pathogens. Here, we discuss how gastric pathogens induce tumorigenic changes in the stomach. Abstract Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the deadliest malignancies worldwide. In contrast to many other tumor types, gastric carcinogenesis is tightly linked to infectious events. Infections with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) bacterium and Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) are the two most investigated risk factors for GC. These pathogens infect more than half of the world’s population. Fortunately, only a small fraction of infected individuals develops GC, suggesting high complexity of tumorigenic processes in the human stomach. Recent studies suggest that the multifaceted interplay between microbial, environmental, and host genetic factors underlies gastric tumorigenesis. Many aspects of these interactions still remain unclear. In this review, we update on recent discoveries, focusing on the roles of various gastric pathogens and gastric microbiome in tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manikandan Palrasu
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (M.P.); (E.Z.); (W.E.-R.)
| | - Elena Zaika
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (M.P.); (E.Z.); (W.E.-R.)
| | - Wael El-Rifai
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (M.P.); (E.Z.); (W.E.-R.)
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Miami VA Healthcare System, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Jianwen Que
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA;
| | - Alexander I. Zaika
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (M.P.); (E.Z.); (W.E.-R.)
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Miami VA Healthcare System, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Correspondence:
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Badr MT, Omar M, Häcker G. Comprehensive Integration of Genome-Wide Association and Gene Expression Studies Reveals Novel Gene Signatures and Potential Therapeutic Targets for Helicobacter pylori-Induced Gastric Disease. Front Immunol 2021; 12:624117. [PMID: 33717131 PMCID: PMC7945594 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.624117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is a gram-negative bacterium that colonizes the human gastric mucosa and can lead to gastric inflammation, ulcers, and stomach cancer. Due to the increase in H. pylori antimicrobial resistance new methods to identify the molecular mechanisms of H. pylori-induced pathology are urgently needed. Here we utilized a computational biology approach, harnessing genome-wide association and gene expression studies to identify genes and pathways determining disease development. We mined gene expression data related to H. pylori-infection and its complications from publicly available databases to identify four human datasets as discovery datasets and used two different multi-cohort analysis pipelines to define a H. pylori-induced gene signature. An initial Helicobacter-signature was curated using the MetaIntegrator pipeline and validated in cell line model datasets. With this approach we identified cell line models that best match gene regulation in human pathology. A second analysis pipeline through NetworkAnalyst was used to refine our initial signature. This approach defined a 55-gene signature that is stably deregulated in disease conditions. The 55-gene signature was validated in datasets from human gastric adenocarcinomas and could separate tumor from normal tissue. As only a small number of H. pylori patients develop cancer, this gene-signature must interact with other host and environmental factors to initiate tumorigenesis. We tested for possible interactions between our curated gene signature and host genomic background mutations and polymorphisms by integrating genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and known oncogenes. We analyzed public databases to identify genes harboring single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with gastric pathologies and driver genes in gastric cancers. Using this approach, we identified 37 genes from GWA studies and 61 oncogenes, which were used with our 55-gene signature to map gene-gene interaction networks. In conclusion, our analysis defines a unique gene signature driven by H. pylori-infection at early phases and that remains relevant through different stages of pathology up to gastric cancer, a stage where H. pylori itself is rarely detectable. Furthermore, this signature elucidates many factors of host gene and pathway regulation in infection and can be used as a target for drug repurposing and testing of infection models suitability to investigate human infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Tarek Badr
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- IMM-PACT-Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Mohamed Omar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Georg Häcker
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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29
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Han T, Jing X, Bao J, Zhao L, Zhang A, Miao R, Guo H, Zhou B, Zhang S, Sun J, Shi J. H. pylori infection alters repair of DNA double-strand breaks via SNHG17. J Clin Invest 2021; 130:3901-3918. [PMID: 32538894 DOI: 10.1172/jci125581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic infections can lead to carcinogenesis through inflammation-related mechanisms. Chronic infection of the human gastric mucosa with Helicobacter pylori is a well-known risk factor for gastric cancer. However, the mechanisms underlying H. pylori-induced gastric carcinogenesis are incompletely defined. We aimed to screen and clarify the functions of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) that are differentially expressed in H. pylori-related gastric cancer. We found that lncRNA SNHG17 was upregulated by H. pylori infection and markedly increased the levels of double-strand breaks (DSBs). SNHG17 overexpression correlated with poor overall survival in patients with gastric cancer. The recruitment of NONO by overabundant nuclear SNHG17, along with the role of cytoplasmic SNHG17 as a decoy for miR-3909, which regulates Rad51 expression, shifted the DSB repair balance from homologous recombination toward nonhomologous end joining. Notably, during chronic H. pylori infection, SNHG17 knockdown inhibited chromosomal aberrations. Our findings suggest that spatially independent deregulation of the SNHG17/NONO and SNHG17/miR-3909/RING1/Rad51 pathways upon H. pylori infection promotes tumorigenesis in gastric cancer by altering the DNA repair system, which is critical for the maintenance of genomic stability. Upregulation of SNHG17 by H. pylori infection might be an undefined link between cancer and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taotao Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohui Jing
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jiayu Bao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lianmei Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Research Center, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Aidong Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Renling Miao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Guo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Baoguo Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Shang Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jiazeng Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Shi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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30
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Tsugawa H, Suzuki H. Oxidative stress in stomach cancer. Cancer 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-819547-5.00005-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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31
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Gong Y, Chen S, Fu Y, Liu Y, Wang Y, Yang H, Liu H, Tang L. MUC4 is a novel mediator in H. pylori infection-related pancreatic cancer. Oncol Lett 2020; 21:123. [PMID: 33552244 PMCID: PMC7798107 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.12384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a common malignant disease worldwide. Among the potential pathogenic factors, Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection has been associated with the tumorigenesis of PC. The present study aimed to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of H. pylori infection-associated PC and to investigate the key factors involved in PC tumorigenesis. Using bioinformatics methods, overlapping DEGs and key gene were identified from H. pylori-infected gastric mucosa (GM) and H. pylori infection-associated PC. Survival and tumor stage analyses were performed to assess the clinical associations. In addition, mucin 4 (MUC4) mRNA expression levels were measured in patient blood and tumor samples. According to the correlation analyses of four genes co-expressed, potential biological processes were identified. MUC4 was identified to be associated with H. pylori infection, and its levels were significantly upregulated in PC samples compared with those in normal samples in TCGA dataset, the PC cell line and patient tissue samples. H. pylori infection was also associated with MUC4 expression in patients' blood and tissue samples. In conclusion, the results of the present study revealed a potentially pathogenic role of MUC4 in H. pylori infection-associated PC. Thus, the tumorigenesis and metastasis of PC may be prevented by treating the H. pylori infection or using MUC4 antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Gong
- Research Center of General Surgery, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, P.R. China
| | - Shuai Chen
- Research Center of General Surgery, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, P.R. China
| | - Yue Fu
- Research Center of General Surgery, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, P.R. China
| | - Yu Liu
- Charité-University Medical Center, Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, Virchow Campus, and Molecular Cancer Research Center, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Yipeng Wang
- Charité-University Medical Center, Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, Virchow Campus, and Molecular Cancer Research Center, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Haojun Yang
- Research Center of General Surgery, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, P.R. China
| | - Hanyang Liu
- Research Center of General Surgery, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, P.R. China.,Charité-University Medical Center, Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, Virchow Campus, and Molecular Cancer Research Center, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Liming Tang
- Research Center of General Surgery, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, P.R. China
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Kontizas E, Tastsoglou S, Karamitros T, Karayiannis Y, Kollia P, Hatzigeorgiou AG, Sgouras DN. Impact of Helicobacter pylori Infection and Its Major Virulence Factor CagA on DNA Damage Repair. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8122007. [PMID: 33339161 PMCID: PMC7765595 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8122007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori infection induces a plethora of DNA damages. Gastric epithelial cells, in order to maintain genomic integrity, require an integrous DNA damage repair (DDR) machinery, which, however, is reported to be modulated by the infection. CagA is a major H. pylori virulence factor, associated with increased risk for gastric carcinogenesis. Its pathogenic activity is partly regulated by phosphorylation on EPIYA motifs. Our aim was to identify effects of H. pylori infection and CagA on DDR, investigating the transcriptome of AGS cells, infected with wild-type, ΔCagA and EPIYA-phosphorylation-defective strains. Upon RNA-Seq-based transcriptomic analysis, we observed that a notable number of DDR genes were found deregulated during the infection, potentially resulting to base excision repair and mismatch repair compromise and an intricate deregulation of nucleotide excision repair, homologous recombination and non-homologous end-joining. Transcriptome observations were further investigated on the protein expression level, utilizing infections of AGS and GES-1 cells. We observed that CagA contributed to the downregulation of Nth Like DNA Glycosylase 1 (NTHL1), MutY DNA Glycosylase (MUTYH), Flap Structure-Specific Endonuclease 1 (FEN1), RAD51 Recombinase, DNA Polymerase Delta Catalytic Subunit (POLD1), and DNA Ligase 1 (LIG1) and, contrary to transcriptome results, Apurinic/Apyrimidinic Endodeoxyribonuclease 1 (APE1) upregulation. Our study accentuates the role of CagA as a significant contributor of H. pylori infection-mediated DDR modulation, potentially disrupting the balance between DNA damage and repair, thus favoring genomic instability and carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleftherios Kontizas
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 11521 Athens, Greece;
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15772 Athens, Greece;
- Correspondence: (E.K.); (D.N.S.); Tel.: +30-210-647-8812 (E.K.); +30-210-647-8824 (D.N.S.)
| | - Spyros Tastsoglou
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Thessaly, 38221 Volos, Greece;
- DIANA-Lab, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 11521 Athens, Greece;
| | - Timokratis Karamitros
- Bioinformatics and Applied Genomics Unit, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 11521 Athens, Greece;
| | - Yiannis Karayiannis
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 11521 Athens, Greece;
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15772 Athens, Greece;
| | - Panagoula Kollia
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15772 Athens, Greece;
| | - Artemis G. Hatzigeorgiou
- DIANA-Lab, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 11521 Athens, Greece;
- DIANA-Lab, Department of Computer Science and Biomedical Informatics, University of Thessaly, 35131 Lamia, Greece
| | - Dionyssios N. Sgouras
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 11521 Athens, Greece;
- Correspondence: (E.K.); (D.N.S.); Tel.: +30-210-647-8812 (E.K.); +30-210-647-8824 (D.N.S.)
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Dysregulated Immune Responses by ASK1 Deficiency Alter Epithelial Progenitor Cell Fate and Accelerate Metaplasia Development during H. pylori Infection. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8121995. [PMID: 33542169 PMCID: PMC7765114 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8121995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanism of H. pylori-induced atrophy and metaplasia has not been fully understood. Here, we demonstrate the novel role of Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) and downstream MAPKs as a regulator of host immune responses and epithelial maintenance against H. pylori infection. ASK1 gene deficiency resulted in enhanced inflammation with numerous inflammatory cells including Gr-1+CD11b+ myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) recruited into the infected stomach. Increase of IL-1β release from apoptotic macrophages and enhancement of TH1-polarized immune responses caused STAT1 and NF-κB activation in epithelial cells in ASK1 knockout mice. Dysregulated immune and epithelial activation in ASK1 knockout mice led to dramatic expansion of gastric progenitor cells and massive metaplasia development. Bone marrow transplantation experiments revealed that ASK1 in inflammatory cells is critical for inducing immune disorder and metaplastic changes in epithelium, while ASK1 in epithelial cells regulates cell proliferation in stem/progenitor zone without changes in inflammation and differentiation. These results suggest that H. pylori-induced immune cells may regulate epithelial homeostasis and cell fate as an inflammatory niche via ASK1 signaling.
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Hydrogen peroxide and Helicobacter pylori extract treatment combined with APE1 knockdown induce DNA damage, G2/M arrest and cell death in gastric cancer cell line. DNA Repair (Amst) 2020; 96:102976. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2020.102976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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The ALPK1/TIFA/NF-κB axis links a bacterial carcinogen to R-loop-induced replication stress. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5117. [PMID: 33037203 PMCID: PMC7547021 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18857-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure of gastric epithelial cells to the bacterial carcinogen Helicobacter pylori causes DNA double strand breaks. Here, we show that H. pylori-induced DNA damage occurs co-transcriptionally in S-phase cells that activate NF-κB signaling upon innate immune recognition of the lipopolysaccharide biosynthetic intermediate β-ADP-heptose by the ALPK1/TIFA signaling pathway. DNA damage depends on the bi-functional RfaE enzyme and the Cag pathogenicity island of H. pylori, is accompanied by replication fork stalling and can be observed also in primary cells derived from gastric organoids. Importantly, H. pylori-induced replication stress and DNA damage depend on the presence of co-transcriptional RNA/DNA hybrids (R-loops) that form in infected cells during S-phase as a consequence of β-ADP-heptose/ ALPK1/TIFA/NF-κB signaling. H. pylori resides in close proximity to S-phase cells in the gastric mucosa of gastritis patients. Taken together, our results link bacterial infection and NF-κB-driven innate immune responses to R-loop-dependent replication stress and DNA damage. The bacterial pathogen Helicobacter pylori is known for its ability to induce DNA double-strand breaks in the genome of its target cells. Here, we show that H. pylori-induced DNA damage and replication stress occurs in S-phase cells as a result of R-loop-mediated transcription/replication conflicts that are triggered by activation of the ALPK1/TIFA/NF-κB signaling axis.
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Sayed IM, Chakraborty A, Abd El-Hafeez AA, Sharma A, Sahan AZ, Huang WJM, Sahoo D, Ghosh P, Hazra TK, Das S. The DNA Glycosylase NEIL2 Suppresses Fusobacterium-Infection-Induced Inflammation and DNA Damage in Colonic Epithelial Cells. Cells 2020; 9:E1980. [PMID: 32872214 PMCID: PMC7565382 DOI: 10.3390/cells9091980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most prevalent cancer, while the majority (80-85%) of CRCs are sporadic and are microsatellite stable (MSS), and approximately 15-20% of them display microsatellite instability (MSI). Infection and chronic inflammation are known to induce DNA damage in host tissues and can lead to oncogenic transformation of cells, but the role of DNA repair proteins in microbe-associated CRCs remains unknown. Using CRC-associated microbes such as Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn) in a coculture with murine and human enteroid-derived monolayers (EDMs), here, we show that, among all the key DNA repair proteins, NEIL2, an oxidized base-specific DNA glycosylase, is significantly downregulated after Fn infection. Fn infection of NEIL2-null mouse-derived EDMs showed a significantly higher level of DNA damage, including double-strand breaks and inflammatory cytokines. Several CRC-associated microbes, but not the commensal bacteria, induced the accumulation of DNA damage in EDMs derived from a murine CRC model, and Fn had the most pronounced effect. An analysis of publicly available transcriptomic datasets showed that the downregulation of NEIL2 is often encountered in MSS compared to MSI CRCs. We conclude that the CRC-associated microbe Fn induced the downregulation of NEIL2 and consequent accumulation of DNA damage and played critical roles in the progression of CRCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim M. Sayed
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; (I.M.S.); (A.S.); (A.Z.S.)
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
| | - Anirban Chakraborty
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX-77555, USA; (A.C.); (T.K.H.)
| | - Amer Ali Abd El-Hafeez
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA.; (A.A.A.E.-H.); (W.J.M.H.); (P.G.)
| | - Aditi Sharma
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; (I.M.S.); (A.S.); (A.Z.S.)
| | - Ayse Z. Sahan
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; (I.M.S.); (A.S.); (A.Z.S.)
| | - Wendy Jia Men Huang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA.; (A.A.A.E.-H.); (W.J.M.H.); (P.G.)
| | - Debashis Sahoo
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA;
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Jacob’s School of Engineering, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Pradipta Ghosh
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA.; (A.A.A.E.-H.); (W.J.M.H.); (P.G.)
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Tapas K. Hazra
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX-77555, USA; (A.C.); (T.K.H.)
| | - Soumita Das
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; (I.M.S.); (A.S.); (A.Z.S.)
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Szymczak A, Ferenc S, Majewska J, Miernikiewicz P, Gnus J, Witkiewicz W, Dąbrowska K. Application of 16S rRNA gene sequencing in Helicobacter pylori detection. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9099. [PMID: 32440373 PMCID: PMC7229771 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is one of the major stomach microbiome components, promoting development of inflammation and gastric cancer in humans. H. pylori has a unique ability to transform into a coccoidal form which is difficult to detect by many diagnostic methods, such as urease activity detection, and even histopathological examination. Here we present a comparison of three methods for H. pylori identification: histological assessment (with eosin, hematoxylin, and Giemsa staining), polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection of urease (ureA specific primers), and detection by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The study employed biopsies from the antral part of the stomach (N = 40). All samples were assessed histologically which revealed H. pylori in eight patients. Bacterial DNA isolated from the bioptates was used as a template for PCR reaction and 16S rRNA gene sequencing that revealed H. pylori in 13 and in 20 patients, respectively. Thus, 16S rRNA gene sequencing was the most sensitive method for detection of H. pylori in stomach biopsy samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksander Szymczak
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Stanisław Ferenc
- Regional Specialist Hospital in Wrocław, Research and Development Center, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Joanna Majewska
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Paulina Miernikiewicz
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Jan Gnus
- Medical Academy in Wroclaw, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Wojciech Witkiewicz
- Regional Specialist Hospital in Wrocław, Research and Development Center, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Krystyna Dąbrowska
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
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Papaefthymiou A, Doulberis M, Katsinelos P, Liatsos C, Polyzos SA, Kotronis G, Papanikolaou K, Kountouras J. Impact of nitric oxide's bidirectional role on glaucoma: focus onHelicobacter pylori–related nitrosative stress. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2020; 1465:10-28. [DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Doulberis
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyUniversity of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
- Department of Internal Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Ippokration HospitalAristotle University of Thessaloniki Thessaloniki Macedonia Greece
| | - Panagiotis Katsinelos
- Department of Internal Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Ippokration HospitalAristotle University of Thessaloniki Thessaloniki Macedonia Greece
| | - Christos Liatsos
- Department of Gastroenterology401 General Military Hospital of Athens Athens Greece
| | - Stergios A. Polyzos
- Department of Internal Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Ippokration HospitalAristotle University of Thessaloniki Thessaloniki Macedonia Greece
- First Department of Pharmacology, School of MedicineAristotle University of Thessaloniki Thessaloniki Macedonia Greece
| | - Georgios Kotronis
- Department of Internal MedicineAgios Pavlos General Hospital Thessaloniki Macedonia Greece
| | - Katerina Papanikolaou
- Department of Internal Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Ippokration HospitalAristotle University of Thessaloniki Thessaloniki Macedonia Greece
| | - Jannis Kountouras
- Department of Internal Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Ippokration HospitalAristotle University of Thessaloniki Thessaloniki Macedonia Greece
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Helicobacter pylori severely reduces expression of DNA repair proteins PMS2 and ERCC1 in gastritis and gastric cancer. DNA Repair (Amst) 2020; 89:102836. [PMID: 32143126 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2020.102836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancers are the third leading cause of cancer mortality in the world. Helicobacter pylori causes over 60 % of all stomach cancers. Colonization of the gastric mucosa by H. pylori results in increased DNA damage. Repair of DNA damage may also be reduced by H. pylori infection. Reduced DNA repair in combination with increased DNA damage can cause carcinogenic mutations. During progression to gastric cancer, gastric epithelium goes through stages of increasing pathology. Determining the levels of DNA repair enzymes during progression to gastric cancer could illuminate treatment approaches. Our aim is to determine the level of gastric expression of DNA repair proteins ERCC1 (a nucleotide excision repair enzyme) and PMS2 (a mismatch repair enzyme) in the presence of H. pylori infection at successive stages of gastric pathology and in gastric cancers. We analyzed gastric tissues of 300 individuals, including 30 without dyspepsia, 200 with dyspepsia and 70 with gastric cancers. The presence of H. pylori, gastric pathology and expression of DNA repair proteins ERCC1 and PMS2 were evaluated. Infection by H. pylori carrying the common cagA gene reduced median nuclear expression of ERCC1 and PMS2 to less than 20 % and 15 % of normal, respectively, in all pathologic stages preceding cancer. ERCC1 and PMS2 nuclear expression was 0-5 % of normal in gastric cancers. H. pylori can cause deficiency of ERCC1 and PMS2 protein expression. These deficiencies are associated with gastric pathology and cancer. This reduction in DNA repair likely causes carcinogenic mutations. Substantially reduced ERCC1 and PMS2 expression appears to be an early step in progression to H. pylori-induced gastric cancer.
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Miernyk KM, Bruden D, Rudolph KM, Hurlburt DA, Sacco F, McMahon BJ, Bruce MG. Presence of cagPAI genes and characterization of vacA s, i and m regions in Helicobacter pylori isolated from Alaskans and their association with clinical pathologies. J Med Microbiol 2020; 69:218-227. [PMID: 32011229 PMCID: PMC10874806 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Gastric cancer is a health disparity in the Alaska Native people. The incidence of Helicobacter pylori infection, a risk factor for non-cardia gastric adenocarcinoma, is also high. Gastric cancer is partially associated with the virulence of the infecting strain.Aim. To genotype the vacA s, m and i and cag pathogenicity island (cagPAI) genes in H. pylori from Alaskans and investigate associations with gastropathy.Methodology. We enrolled patients with gastritis, peptic ulcer disease (PUD) and intestinal metaplasia (IM) in 1998-2005 and patients with gastric cancer in 2011-2013. Gastric biopsies were collected and cultured and PCR was performed to detect the presence of the right and left ends of the cagPAI, the cagA, cagE, cagT and virD4 genes and to genotype the vacA s, m and i regions.Results. We recruited 263 people; 22 (8 %) had no/mild gastritis, 121 (46 %) had moderate gastritis, 40 (15%) had severe gastritis, 38 (14 %) had PUD, 30 (11 %) had IM and 12 (5 %) had gastric cancer. H. pylori isolates from 150 (57%) people had an intact cagPAI; those were associated with a more severe gastropathy (P≤0.02 for all comparisons). H. pylori isolates from 77 % of people had either the vacA s1/i1/m1 (40 %; 94/234) or s2/i2/m2 (37 %; 86/234) genotype. vacA s1/i1/m1 was associated with a more severe gastropathy (P≤0.03 for all comparisons).Conclusions. In this population with high rates of gastric cancer, we found that just over half of the H. pylori contained an intact cagPAI and 40 % had the vacA s1/i1/m1 genotype. Infection with these strains was associated with a more severe gastropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen M. Miernyk
- Arctic Investigations Program, Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Anchorage, AK, USA
| | - Dana Bruden
- Arctic Investigations Program, Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Anchorage, AK, USA
| | - Karen M. Rudolph
- Arctic Investigations Program, Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Anchorage, AK, USA
| | - Debby A. Hurlburt
- Arctic Investigations Program, Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Anchorage, AK, USA
| | - Frank Sacco
- Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium, Anchorage, AK, USA
| | | | - Michael G. Bruce
- Arctic Investigations Program, Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Anchorage, AK, USA
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41
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The oncogenic roles of bacterial infections in development of cancer. Microb Pathog 2020; 141:104019. [PMID: 32006638 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Initiation of cancer is interconnected with different factors like infections. It has been estimated that infections, particularly viruses, participate in about 20% of all cancers. Bacteria as the most common infectious agents are also reported to be emerging players in the establishment of malignant cells. Microbial infections are able to modulate host cell transformation for promoting malignant features through the production of carcinogenic metabolites participating in inflammation responses, disruption of cell metabolism, and integrity and also genomic or epigenetic manipulations. It seems that the best example of the role of bacteria in cancer promotion is Helicobacter pylori infection, which is related to gastric cancer. World Health Organization (WHO) describes bacterium as class I carcinogens. Several bacterial infections have been reported in association with prevalent cancers. In this review, we will summarize the role of known bacterial infections in the initiation of the main common cancers, which show high mortality in the world. Examining the microbiomes in cancer patients is important and necessary to better understand the pathogenesis of this disease and also to plan therapeutic interventions.
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Teshima R. Investigation of DNA Double-Strand Breaks Induced in Host Cells Following Infection with Genotoxic Bacteria. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2119:111-122. [PMID: 31989519 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0323-9_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Carcinogenesis is caused by genome instability, one of the major causes of which is double-strand DNA breaks (DSBs). Interestingly, infection by particular species of bacteria can induce DSBs in host cells. For example, several reports suggest an association between periodontal disease and oral cancer. Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, a common periodontal pathogen, causes DSBs in the host cell. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) is often used to identify DSBs in host cells. However, as established during investigation of A. actinomycetemcomitans infection, it is often difficult to determine whether broken DNA fragments are indeed from human chromosomes or whether they are bacterial in origin using PFGE-based methods. Because the method involves the coculture of human cells with bacteria, both bacterial and human DNA fragments may be present in the broken DNA fraction. To address this problem, we have developed a method to detect only human chromosomal DNA upon PFGE analysis. Human chromosomes were prelabeled with halogenated deoxyuridine (e.g., BrdU and IdU) before being fractionated by PFGE and visualized by immunoblotting. As proof of concept, we successfully used this method to investigate the mechanism of DSB formation in host chromosomes following infection with genotoxic bacterial species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rie Teshima
- Shirokuma Dental Clinic, Beppu, Oita, Japan.
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43
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Abstract
Gel electrophoresis of DNA is one of the most frequently used techniques in molecular biology. Typically, it is used in the following: the analysis of in vitro reactions and purification of DNA fragments, analysis of PCR reactions, characterization of enzymes involved in DNA reactions, and sequencing. With some ingenuity gel electrophoresis of DNA is also used for the analysis of cellular biochemical reactions. For example, DNA breaks that accumulate in cells are analyzed by the comet assay and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Furthermore, DNA replication intermediates are analyzed with two-dimensional (2D) gel electrophoresis. Moreover, several new methods for analyzing various chromosomal functions in cells have been developed. In this chapter, a brief introduction to these is given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhiro Hanada
- Clinical Engineering Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Oita, Japan.
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44
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Molecular anatomy and pathogenic actions of Helicobacter pylori CagA that underpin gastric carcinogenesis. Cell Mol Immunol 2019; 17:50-63. [PMID: 31804619 PMCID: PMC6952403 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-019-0339-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic infection with Helicobacter pylori cagA-positive strains is the strongest risk factor for gastric cancer. The cagA gene product, CagA, is delivered into gastric epithelial cells via the bacterial type IV secretion system. Delivered CagA then undergoes tyrosine phosphorylation at the Glu-Pro-Ile-Tyr-Ala (EPIYA) motifs in its C-terminal region and acts as an oncogenic scaffold protein that physically interacts with multiple host signaling proteins in both tyrosine phosphorylation-dependent and -independent manners. Analysis of CagA using in vitro cultured gastric epithelial cells has indicated that the nonphysiological scaffolding actions of CagA cell-autonomously promote the malignant transformation of the cells by endowing the cells with multiple phenotypic cancer hallmarks: sustained proliferation, evasion of growth suppressors, invasiveness, resistance to cell death, and genomic instability. Transgenic expression of CagA in mice leads to in vivo oncogenic action of CagA without any overt inflammation. The in vivo oncogenic activity of CagA is further potentiated in the presence of chronic inflammation. Since Helicobacter pylori infection triggers a proinflammatory response in host cells, a feedforward stimulation loop that augments the oncogenic actions of CagA and inflammation is created in CagA-injected gastric mucosa. Given that Helicobacter pylori is no longer colonized in established gastric cancer lesions, the multistep nature of gastric cancer development should include a “hit-and-run” process of CagA action. Thus, acquisition of genetic and epigenetic alterations that compensate for CagA-directed cancer hallmarks may be required for completion of the “hit-and-run” process of gastric carcinogenesis.
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45
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Fu L, Xie C. A lucid review of Helicobacter pylori-induced DNA damage in gastric cancer. Helicobacter 2019; 24:e12631. [PMID: 31295756 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) is the main risk factor for gastric cancer (GC). In recent years, many studies have addressed the effects of H pylori itself and of H pylori-induced chronic inflammation on DNA damage. Unrepaired or inappropriately repaired DNA damage is one possible carcinogenic mechanism. We may conclude that H pylori-induced DNA damage is one of the carcinogenic mechanisms of GC. In this review, we summarize the interactions between H pylori and DNA damage and the effects of H pylori-induced DNA damage on GC. Then, focusing on oxidative stress, we introduce the application of antioxidants in GC. At the end of this review, we discuss the outlook for further research on H pylori-induced DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Fu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Chuan Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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Sokolova O, Naumann M. Crosstalk Between DNA Damage and Inflammation in the Multiple Steps of Gastric Carcinogenesis. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2019; 421:107-137. [PMID: 31123887 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-15138-6_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Over the last years, intensive investigations in molecular biology and cell physiology extended tremendously the knowledge about the association of inflammation and cancer. In frame of this paradigm, the human pathogen Helicobacter pylori triggers gastritis and gastric ulcer disease, and contributes to the development of gastric cancer. Mechanisms, by which the bacteria-induced inflammation in gastric mucosa leads to intestinal metaplasia and carcinoma, are represented in this review. An altered cell-signaling response and increased production of free radicals by epithelial and immune cells account for the accumulation of DNA damage in gastric mucosa, if infection stays untreated. Host genetics and environmental factors, especially diet, can accelerate the process, which offers the opportunity of intervention based on a balanced nutrition. It is supposed that inflammation might influence stem- or progenitor cells in gastric tissue predisposing for metaplasia or tumor relapse. Herein, DNA is strongly mutated and labile, which restricts therapy options. Thus, the understanding of the mechanisms that underlie gastric carcinogenesis will be of preeminent importance for the development of strategies for screening and early detection. As most gastric cancer patients face late-stage disease with a poor overall survival, the development of multi-targeted therapeutic intervention strategies is a major challenge for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Sokolova
- Institute of Experimental Internal Medicine, Otto von Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Michael Naumann
- Institute of Experimental Internal Medicine, Otto von Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
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Shi Y, Wang P, Guo Y, Liang X, Li Y, Ding S. Helicobacter pylori-Induced DNA Damage Is a Potential Driver for Human Gastric Cancer AGS Cells. DNA Cell Biol 2019; 38:272-280. [PMID: 30657337 PMCID: PMC6434597 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2018.4487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is a major cause of gastric cancer. This study was aimed to explore the characteristic of DNA damage induced by H. pylori infection in gastric cancer AGS cells. After infection with H. pylori, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in AGS cells were significantly higher than those in the uninfected cells. Cells with longer comet tails were detected after infection with H. pylori. The number of apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1- and phosphorylated H2AX-positive cells was significantly increased compared with the number of negative control cells. The expression of pChk1 and pChk2 was significantly upregulated by H. pylori infection. Cell growth was inhibited after H. pylori infection. All these results were dose dependent. The cell alterations were more significant upon infection with H. pylori at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 100:1 than at an MOI of 50:1. H. pylori infection can induce DNA single-strand breaks, DNA double-strand breaks, and cell cycle checkpoint activation after ROS generation in the gastric cancer cell line AGS, which is a potential driver for gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Shi
- 1 Research Center of Clinical Epidemiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Pan Wang
- 2 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yanlei Guo
- 3 Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoling Liang
- 2 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Li
- 3 Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Shigang Ding
- 3 Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
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48
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Proal A, Marshall T. Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome in the Era of the Human Microbiome: Persistent Pathogens Drive Chronic Symptoms by Interfering With Host Metabolism, Gene Expression, and Immunity. Front Pediatr 2018; 6:373. [PMID: 30564562 PMCID: PMC6288442 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2018.00373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The illness ME/CFS has been repeatedly tied to infectious agents such as Epstein Barr Virus. Expanding research on the human microbiome now allows ME/CFS-associated pathogens to be studied as interacting members of human microbiome communities. Humans harbor these vast ecosystems of bacteria, viruses and fungi in nearly all tissue and blood. Most well-studied inflammatory conditions are tied to dysbiosis or imbalance of the human microbiome. While gut microbiome dysbiosis has been identified in ME/CFS, microbes and viruses outside the gut can also contribute to the illness. Pathobionts, and their associated proteins/metabolites, often control human metabolism and gene expression in a manner that pushes the body toward a state of illness. Intracellular pathogens, including many associated with ME/CFS, drive microbiome dysbiosis by directly interfering with human transcription, translation, and DNA repair processes. Molecular mimicry between host and pathogen proteins/metabolites further complicates this interference. Other human pathogens disable mitochondria or dysregulate host nervous system signaling. Antibodies and/or clonal T cells identified in patients with ME/CFS are likely activated in response to these persistent microbiome pathogens. Different human pathogens have evolved similar survival mechanisms to disable the host immune response and host metabolic pathways. The metabolic dysfunction driven by these organisms can result in similar clusters of inflammatory symptoms. ME/CFS may be driven by this pathogen-induced dysfunction, with the nature of dysbiosis and symptom presentation varying based on a patient's unique infectious and environmental history. Under such conditions, patients would benefit from treatments that support the human immune system in an effort to reverse the infectious disease process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Proal
- Autoimmunity Research Foundation, Thousand Oaks, CA, United States
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49
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Hu Y, He C, Liu JP, Li NS, Peng C, Yang-Ou YB, Yang XY, Lu NH, Zhu Y. Analysis of key genes and signaling pathways involved in Helicobacter pylori-associated gastric cancer based on The Cancer Genome Atlas database and RNA sequencing data. Helicobacter 2018; 23:e12530. [PMID: 30175534 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is associated with the development of gastric cancer, although the mechanism is unclear. Herein, this study aimed to clarify the key genes and signaling pathways involved in H. pylori pathogenesis based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and RNA sequencing analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-nine gastric cancer samples (16 with H. pylori and 33 without H. pylori) and 35 cancer-adjacent normal samples from TCGA database were analyzed by bioinformatics. The differentially expressed genes between H. pylori-positive and H. pylori-negative patients were verified in 18 gastric cancer (GC) samples (9 with H. pylori and 9 without H. pylori), which were analyzed using RNA sequencing. Survival analysis was carried out to explore associations between the differentially expressed genes and prognosis. Bioinformatics analysis was performed to determine the signaling pathways associated with H. pylori. RESULTS The baseline level of clinical features from TCGA database and RNA sequencing showed no differences between the H. pylori-positive and H. pylori-negative GC groups (P > 0.05). TP53 was shown to be upregulated in the H. pylori-positive group in both TCGA database and RNA sequencing data, which also showed higher expression in the GC tissues than in adjacent normal tissues (P < 0.05). CCDC151, CHRNB2, GMPR2, HDGFRP2, and VSTM2L were shown to be downregulated in the H. pylori-positive group by both TCGA database and RNA sequencing, which also showed lower expression in the GC tissues than in adjacent normal tissues (P < 0.05). GC patients with low expression levels of HDGFRP2 had a poor prognosis (P < 0.05). Thirty-three signaling pathways and 10 biological processes were found to be positively associated with H. pylori infection (P < 0.05, FDR < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that some genes (TP53, CCDC151, CHRNB2, GMPR2, HDGFRP2, VSTM2L) and previously unidentified signaling pathways (eg, the Hippo signaling pathway) might play an important role in H. pylori-associated GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital Of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Cong He
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital Of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Jian-Ping Liu
- Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Nian-Shuang Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital Of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Chao Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital Of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Yao-Bin Yang-Ou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital Of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital Of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Nong-Hua Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital Of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Yin Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital Of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
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50
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Kidane D. Molecular Mechanisms of H. pylori-Induced DNA Double-Strand Breaks. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19102891. [PMID: 30249046 PMCID: PMC6213211 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19102891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Infections contribute to carcinogenesis through inflammation-related mechanisms. H. pylori infection is a significant risk factor for gastric carcinogenesis. However, the molecular mechanism by which H. pylori infection contributes to carcinogenesis has not been fully elucidated. H. pylori-associated chronic inflammation is linked to genomic instability via reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS). In this article, we summarize the current knowledge of H. pylori-induced double strand breaks (DSBs). Furthermore, we provide mechanistic insight into how processing of oxidative DNA damage via base excision repair (BER) leads to DSBs. We review recent studies on how H. pylori infection triggers NF-κB/inducible NO synthase (iNOS) versus NF-κB/nucleotide excision repair (NER) axis-mediated DSBs to drive genomic instability. This review discusses current research findings that are related to mechanisms of DSBs and repair during H. pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawit Kidane
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Dell Pediatric Research Institute, 1400 Barbara Jordan Blvd. R1800, Austin, TX 78723, USA.
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