1
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Moulin SLY, Frail S, Braukmann T, Doenier J, Steele-Ogus M, Marks JC, Mills MM, Yeh E. The endosymbiont of Epithemia clementina is specialized for nitrogen fixation within a photosynthetic eukaryote. ISME COMMUNICATIONS 2024; 4:ycae055. [PMID: 38707843 PMCID: PMC11070190 DOI: 10.1093/ismeco/ycae055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Epithemia spp. diatoms contain obligate, nitrogen-fixing endosymbionts, or diazoplasts, derived from cyanobacteria. These algae are a rare example of photosynthetic eukaryotes that have successfully coupled oxygenic photosynthesis with oxygen-sensitive nitrogenase activity. Here, we report a newly-isolated species, E. clementina, as a model to investigate endosymbiotic acquisition of nitrogen fixation. We demonstrate that the diazoplast, which has lost photosynthesis, provides fixed nitrogen to the diatom host in exchange for fixed carbon. To identify the metabolic changes associated with this endosymbiotic specialization, we compared the Epithemia diazoplast with its close, free-living cyanobacterial relative, Crocosphaera subtropica. Unlike C. subtropica, in which nitrogenase activity is temporally separated from photosynthesis, we show that nitrogenase activity in the diazoplast is continuous through the day (concurrent with host photosynthesis) and night. Host and diazoplast metabolism are tightly coupled to support nitrogenase activity: Inhibition of photosynthesis abolishes daytime nitrogenase activity, while nighttime nitrogenase activity no longer requires cyanobacterial glycogen storage pathways. Instead, import of host-derived carbohydrates supports nitrogenase activity throughout the day-night cycle. Carbohydrate metabolism is streamlined in the diazoplast compared to C. subtropica with retention of the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway and oxidative phosphorylation. Similar to heterocysts, these pathways may be optimized to support nitrogenase activity, providing reducing equivalents and ATP and consuming oxygen. Our results demonstrate that the diazoplast is specialized for endosymbiotic nitrogen fixation. Altogether, we establish a new model for studying endosymbiosis, perform a functional characterization of this diazotroph endosymbiosis, and identify metabolic adaptations for endosymbiotic acquisition of a critical biological function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solène L Y Moulin
- Department of Pathology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, United States
| | - Sarah Frail
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, United States
| | - Thomas Braukmann
- Department of Pathology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, United States
| | - Jon Doenier
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, United States
| | - Melissa Steele-Ogus
- Department of Pathology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, United States
| | - Jane C Marks
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AR 86011, United States
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, United States
| | - Matthew M Mills
- Department of Earth System Science, Stanford Doerr School of Sustainability, Stanford, CA 94305, United States
| | - Ellen Yeh
- Department of Pathology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, United States
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, United States
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158, United States
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2
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de Barros Dantas LL, Eldridge BM, Dorling J, Dekeya R, Lynch DA, Dodd AN. Circadian regulation of metabolism across photosynthetic organisms. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 116:650-668. [PMID: 37531328 PMCID: PMC10953457 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Circadian regulation produces a biological measure of time within cells. The daily cycle in the availability of light for photosynthesis causes dramatic changes in biochemical processes in photosynthetic organisms, with the circadian clock having crucial roles in adaptation to these fluctuating conditions. Correct alignment between the circadian clock and environmental day-night cycles maximizes plant productivity through its regulation of metabolism. Therefore, the processes that integrate circadian regulation with metabolism are key to understanding how the circadian clock contributes to plant productivity. This forms an important part of exploiting knowledge of circadian regulation to enhance sustainable crop production. Here, we examine the roles of circadian regulation in metabolic processes in source and sink organ structures of Arabidopsis. We also evaluate possible roles for circadian regulation in root exudation processes that deposit carbon into the soil, and the nature of the rhythmic interactions between plants and their associated microbial communities. Finally, we examine shared and differing aspects of the circadian regulation of metabolism between Arabidopsis and other model photosynthetic organisms, and between circadian control of metabolism in photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic organisms. This synthesis identifies a variety of future research topics, including a focus on metabolic processes that underlie biotic interactions within ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bethany M. Eldridge
- Department of Cell and Developmental BiologyJohn Innes Centre, Norwich Research ParkNorwichUK
| | - Jack Dorling
- Department of Cell and Developmental BiologyJohn Innes Centre, Norwich Research ParkNorwichUK
| | - Richard Dekeya
- Department of Cell and Developmental BiologyJohn Innes Centre, Norwich Research ParkNorwichUK
| | - Deirdre A. Lynch
- Department of Cell and Developmental BiologyJohn Innes Centre, Norwich Research ParkNorwichUK
| | - Antony N. Dodd
- Department of Cell and Developmental BiologyJohn Innes Centre, Norwich Research ParkNorwichUK
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3
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Moulin SL, Frail S, Doenier J, Braukmann T, Yeh E. The endosymbiont of Epithemia clementina is specialized for nitrogen fixation within a photosynthetic eukaryote. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.08.531752. [PMID: 37066385 PMCID: PMC10103950 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.08.531752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Epithemia spp. diatoms contain obligate, nitrogen-fixing endosymbionts, or "diazoplasts", derived from cyanobacteria. These algae are a rare example of photosynthetic eukaryotes that have successfully coupled oxygenic photosynthesis with oxygen-sensitive nitrogenase activity. Here, we report a newly-isolated species, E. clementina, as a model to investigate endosymbiotic acquisition of nitrogen fixation. To detect the metabolic changes associated with endosymbiotic specialization, we compared nitrogen fixation, associated carbon and nitrogen metabolism, and their regulatory pathways in the Epithemia diazoplast with its close, free-living cyanobacterial relative, Crocosphaera subtropica. Unlike C. subtropica, we show that nitrogenase activity in the diazoplast is concurrent with, and even dependent on, host photosynthesis and no longer associated with cyanobacterial glycogen storage suggesting carbohydrates are imported from the host diatom. Carbohydrate catabolism in the diazoplast indicates that the oxidative pentose pathway and oxidative phosphorylation, in concert, generates reducing equivalents and ATP and consumes oxygen to support nitrogenase activity. In contrast to expanded nitrogenase activity, the diazoplast has diminished ability to utilize alternative nitrogen sources. Upon ammonium repletion, negative feedback regulation of nitrogen fixation was conserved, however ammonia assimilation showed paradoxical responses in the diazoplast compared with C. subtropica. The altered nitrogen regulation likely favors nitrogen transfer to the host. Our results suggest that the diazoplast is specialized for endosymbiotic nitrogen fixation. Altogether, we establish a new model for studying endosymbiosis, perform the first functional characterization of this diazotroph endosymbiosis, and identify metabolic adaptations for endosymbiotic acquisition of a critical biological function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solène L.Y. Moulin
- Department of Pathology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Sarah Frail
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Jon Doenier
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Thomas Braukmann
- Department of Pathology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Ellen Yeh
- Department of Pathology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub – San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
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4
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Masuda T, Inomura K, Gao M, Armin G, Kotabová E, Bernát G, Lawrenz-Kendrick E, Lukeš M, Bečková M, Steinbach G, Komenda J, Prášil O. The balance between photosynthesis and respiration explains the niche differentiation between Crocosphaera and Cyanothece. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2022; 21:58-65. [PMID: 36514336 PMCID: PMC9732122 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2022.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Crocosphaera and Cyanothece are both unicellular, nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria that prefer different environments. Whereas Crocosphaera mainly lives in nutrient-deplete, open oceans, Cyanothece is more common in coastal, nutrient-rich regions. Despite their physiological similarities, the factors separating their niches remain elusive. Here we performed physiological experiments on clone cultures and expand upon a simple ecological model to show that their different niches can be sufficiently explained by the observed differences in their photosynthetic capacities and rates of carbon (C) consumption. Our experiments revealed that Cyanothece has overall higher photosynthesis and respiration rates than Crocosphaera. A simple growth model of these microorganisms suggests that C storage and consumption are previously under-appreciated factors when evaluating the occupation of niches by different marine nitrogen fixers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takako Masuda
- Institute of Microbiology, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Opatovický mlýn, 37901 Třeboň, Czech Republic,Corresponding authors.
| | - Keisuke Inomura
- Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, RI 02882, USA
| | - Meng Gao
- Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, RI 02882, USA
| | - Gabrielle Armin
- Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, RI 02882, USA
| | - Eva Kotabová
- Institute of Microbiology, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Opatovický mlýn, 37901 Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Gábor Bernát
- Institute of Microbiology, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Opatovický mlýn, 37901 Třeboň, Czech Republic,Balaton Limnological Research Institute, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Tihany, Hungary
| | - Evelyn Lawrenz-Kendrick
- Institute of Microbiology, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Opatovický mlýn, 37901 Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Lukeš
- Institute of Microbiology, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Opatovický mlýn, 37901 Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Bečková
- Institute of Microbiology, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Opatovický mlýn, 37901 Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Gábor Steinbach
- Institute of Microbiology, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Opatovický mlýn, 37901 Třeboň, Czech Republic,Cellular Imaging Laboratory, Biological Research Center, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Szeged, Hungary
| | - Josef Komenda
- Institute of Microbiology, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Opatovický mlýn, 37901 Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Prášil
- Institute of Microbiology, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Opatovický mlýn, 37901 Třeboň, Czech Republic,Corresponding authors.
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5
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Photosynthetic modulation during the diurnal cycle in a unicellular diazotrophic cyanobacterium grown under nitrogen-replete and nitrogen-fixing conditions. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18939. [PMID: 36344535 PMCID: PMC9640542 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21829-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are the only oxygenic photosynthetic organisms that can fix nitrogen. In diazotrophic cyanobacteria, the regulation of photosynthesis during the diurnal cycle is hypothesized to be linked with nitrogen fixation and involve the D1 protein isoform PsbA4. The amount of bioavailable nitrogen has a major impact on productivity in aqueous environments. In contrast to low- or nitrogen-fixing (-N) conditions, little data on photosynthetic regulation under nitrogen-replete (+ N) conditions are available. We compared the regulation of photosynthesis under -N and + N conditions during the diurnal cycle in wild type and a psbA4 deletion strain of the unicellular diazotrophic cyanobacterium Cyanothece sp. ATCC 51142. We observed common changes to light harvesting and photosynthetic electron transport during the dark in + N and -N conditions and found that these modifications occur in both diazotrophic and non-diazotrophic cyanobacteria. Nitrogen availability increased PSII titer when cells transitioned from dark to light and promoted growth. Under -N conditions, deletion of PsbA4 modified charge recombination in dark and regulation of PSII titer during dark to light transition. We conclude that darkness impacts the acceptor-side modifications to PSII and photosynthetic electron transport in cyanobacteria independently of the nitrogen-fixing status and the presence of PsbA4.
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6
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Cuitun‐Coronado D, Rees H, Colmer J, Hall A, de Barros Dantas LL, Dodd AN. Circadian and diel regulation of photosynthesis in the bryophyte Marchantia polymorpha. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2022; 45:2381-2394. [PMID: 35611455 PMCID: PMC9546472 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are 24-h biological cycles that align metabolism, physiology, and development with daily environmental fluctuations. Photosynthetic processes are governed by the circadian clock in both flowering plants and some cyanobacteria, but it is unclear how extensively this is conserved throughout the green lineage. We investigated the contribution of circadian regulation to aspects of photosynthesis in Marchantia polymorpha, a liverwort that diverged from flowering plants early in the evolution of land plants. First, we identified in M. polymorpha the circadian regulation of photosynthetic biochemistry, measured using two approaches (delayed fluorescence, pulse amplitude modulation fluorescence). Second, we identified that light-dark cycles synchronize the phase of 24 h cycles of photosynthesis in M. polymorpha, whereas the phases of different thalli desynchronize under free-running conditions. This might also be due to the masking of the underlying circadian rhythms of photosynthesis by light-dark cycles. Finally, we used a pharmacological approach to identify that chloroplast translation might be necessary for clock control of light-harvesting in M. polymorpha. We infer that the circadian regulation of photosynthesis is well-conserved amongst terrestrial plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Cuitun‐Coronado
- Department of Cell and Developmental BiologyJohn Innes CentreNorwichUK
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of BristolBristolUK
| | | | | | | | | | - Antony N. Dodd
- Department of Cell and Developmental BiologyJohn Innes CentreNorwichUK
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7
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Ayothi P, Muthu A, Shanmugam K. Iron and methyl jasmonate increase high-value PUFA production by elevating the expression of desaturase genes in marine microalga Isochrysis sp. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 132:2042-2053. [PMID: 34741377 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study investigated the effect of several metabolic enhancers on the expression of fatty acid biosynthetic genes and their influence on the production of high-value PUFA in the marine microalgae Isochrysis sp., CASA CC 101. METHODS AND RESULTS The effect of the presence of iron (Fe), nicotinic acid (NIC), methyl jasmonate (MJ) and thidiazuron (TDZ) on the expression of the fatty acid desaturase genes Δ6Des, Δ5Des and Δ4Des was studied in cultures of the marine microalga Isochrysis sp., CASA CC 101. The production of high-value PUFA like γ-linolenic acid (GLA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) was correlated with these gene expressions. The results showed that MJ, Fe and TDZ significantly increased the lipid content than the control. MJ specifically up-regulated ∆6Des gene expression and thereby increased GLA production. Whereas Fe specifically increased ∆5Des gene expression and thereby increased EPA production. However, Fe and TDZ-treated cells effectively upregulated the expression of ∆4Des and increased the production of DHA when compared with control cells. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that addition of Fe and MJ in the culture medium triggers the expression of PUFA biosynthetic genes, especially ∆6Des and ∆4Des, in marine microalga Isochrysis sp., CASA CC 101 their presence resulted in increased production of the PUFAs GLA, EPA and DHA. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study shows that the addition of Fe and MJ to the culture media of Isochrysis sp., CASA CC 101 results in up-regulation of its genes Δ4Des, Δ6Des and Δ5Des, and improves the production of PUFA. Therefore, the addition of Fe and MJ to the culture medium is useful to increase the production of high-value PUFA in Isochrysis sp., CASA CC 101 and also to the other micro algal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parthasarathy Ayothi
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Tamil Nadu, Madurai, India
| | - Arumugam Muthu
- National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST), Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR), Industrial Estate PO, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Kathiresan Shanmugam
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, Tamil Nadu, India
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8
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Rabouille S, Campbell DA, Masuda T, Zavřel T, Bernát G, Polerecky L, Halsey K, Eichner M, Kotabová E, Stephan S, Lukeš M, Claquin P, Bonomi-Barufi J, Lombardi AT, Červený J, Suggett DJ, Giordano M, Kromkamp JC, Prášil O. Electron & Biomass Dynamics of Cyanothece Under Interacting Nitrogen & Carbon Limitations. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:617802. [PMID: 33897635 PMCID: PMC8063122 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.617802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine diazotrophs are a diverse group with key roles in biogeochemical fluxes linked to primary productivity. The unicellular, diazotrophic cyanobacterium Cyanothece is widely found in coastal, subtropical oceans. We analyze the consequences of diazotrophy on growth efficiency, compared to NO3–-supported growth in Cyanothece, to understand how cells cope with N2-fixation when they also have to face carbon limitation, which may transiently affect populations in coastal environments or during blooms of phytoplankton communities. When grown in obligate diazotrophy, cells face the double burden of a more ATP-demanding N-acquisition mode and additional metabolic losses imposed by the transient storage of reducing potential as carbohydrate, compared to a hypothetical N2 assimilation directly driven by photosynthetic electron transport. Further, this energetic burden imposed by N2-fixation could not be alleviated, despite the high irradiance level within the cultures, because photosynthesis was limited by the availability of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), and possibly by a constrained capacity for carbon storage. DIC limitation exacerbates the costs on growth imposed by nitrogen fixation. Therefore, the competitive efficiency of diazotrophs could be hindered in areas with insufficient renewal of dissolved gases and/or with intense phytoplankton biomass that both decrease available light energy and draw the DIC level down.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Rabouille
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, LOV, Villefranche-sur-Mer, France.,Sorbonne Université, CNRS, LOMIC, Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
| | - Douglas A Campbell
- Centre Algatech, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Třeboň, Czechia.,Mount Allison University, Sackville, NB, Canada
| | - Takako Masuda
- Centre Algatech, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Třeboň, Czechia
| | - Tomáš Zavřel
- Department of Adaptive Biotechnologies, Global Change Research Institute CAS, Brno, Czechia
| | - Gábor Bernát
- Centre Algatech, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Třeboň, Czechia.,Centre for Ecological Research, Balaton Limnological Institute, Klebelsberg Kuno u. 3. 8237 Tihany, Hungary
| | - Lubos Polerecky
- Department of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Kimberly Halsey
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Meri Eichner
- Centre Algatech, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Třeboň, Czechia.,Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany
| | - Eva Kotabová
- Centre Algatech, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Třeboň, Czechia
| | - Susanne Stephan
- Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Zur alten Fischerhütte 2, Stechlin, Germany.,Department of Ecology, Berlin Institute of Technology (TU Berlin), Ernst-Reuter-Platz 1, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Lukeš
- Centre Algatech, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Třeboň, Czechia
| | - Pascal Claquin
- UMR BOREA (CNRS 8067), MNHN, IRD (207), Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, Caen, France
| | - José Bonomi-Barufi
- Departamento de Botânica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | | | - Jan Červený
- Department of Adaptive Biotechnologies, Global Change Research Institute CAS, Brno, Czechia
| | - David J Suggett
- University of Technology Sydney, Climate Change Cluster, Faculty of Science, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Mario Giordano
- Centre Algatech, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Třeboň, Czechia.,Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, UniversitaÌ Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Jacco C Kromkamp
- NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research and Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Ondřej Prášil
- Centre Algatech, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Třeboň, Czechia
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9
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Polerecky L, Masuda T, Eichner M, Rabouille S, Vancová M, Kienhuis MVM, Bernát G, Bonomi-Barufi J, Campbell DA, Claquin P, Červený J, Giordano M, Kotabová E, Kromkamp J, Lombardi AT, Lukeš M, Prášil O, Stephan S, Suggett D, Zavřel T, Halsey KH. Temporal Patterns and Intra- and Inter-Cellular Variability in Carbon and Nitrogen Assimilation by the Unicellular Cyanobacterium Cyanothece sp. ATCC 51142. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:620915. [PMID: 33613489 PMCID: PMC7890256 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.620915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Unicellular nitrogen fixing cyanobacteria (UCYN) are abundant members of phytoplankton communities in a wide range of marine environments, including those with rapidly changing nitrogen (N) concentrations. We hypothesized that differences in N availability (N2 vs. combined N) would cause UCYN to shift strategies of intracellular N and C allocation. We used transmission electron microscopy and nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry imaging to track assimilation and intracellular allocation of 13C-labeled CO2 and 15N-labeled N2 or NO3 at different periods across a diel cycle in Cyanothece sp. ATCC 51142. We present new ideas on interpreting these imaging data, including the influences of pre-incubation cellular C and N contents and turnover rates of inclusion bodies. Within cultures growing diazotrophically, distinct subpopulations were detected that fixed N2 at night or in the morning. Additional significant within-population heterogeneity was likely caused by differences in the relative amounts of N assimilated into cyanophycin from sources external and internal to the cells. Whether growing on N2 or NO3, cells prioritized cyanophycin synthesis when N assimilation rates were highest. N assimilation in cells growing on NO3 switched from cyanophycin synthesis to protein synthesis, suggesting that once a cyanophycin quota is met, it is bypassed in favor of protein synthesis. Growth on NO3 also revealed that at night, there is a very low level of CO2 assimilation into polysaccharides simultaneous with their catabolism for protein synthesis. This study revealed multiple, detailed mechanisms underlying C and N management in Cyanothece that facilitate its success in dynamic aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lubos Polerecky
- Department of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Takako Masuda
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre Algatech, Třeboň, Czechia
| | - Meri Eichner
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre Algatech, Třeboň, Czechia
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany
| | - Sophie Rabouille
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire d’Océanographie de Villefranche, Villefranche-sur-mer, France
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire d’Océanographie Microbienne, Banyuls-sur-mer, France
| | - Marie Vancová
- Institute of Parasitology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Biology Centre, České Budějovice, Czechia
| | | | - Gabor Bernát
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre Algatech, Třeboň, Czechia
- Centre for Ecological Research, Balaton Limnological Institute, Tihany, Hungary
| | - Jose Bonomi-Barufi
- Botany Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Campus de Trindade, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | | | - Pascal Claquin
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques, FRE 2030, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, IRD, Sorbonne Université, Université de Caen Normandie, Normandie Université, Esplanade de la Paix, France
| | - Jan Červený
- Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czechia
| | - Mario Giordano
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre Algatech, Třeboň, Czechia
- STU-UNIVPM Joint Algal Research Center, Marine Biology Institute, College of Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Eva Kotabová
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre Algatech, Třeboň, Czechia
| | - Jacco Kromkamp
- NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research and Utrecht University, Den Burg, Netherlands
| | | | - Martin Lukeš
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre Algatech, Třeboň, Czechia
| | - Ondrej Prášil
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre Algatech, Třeboň, Czechia
| | - Susanne Stephan
- Department Experimental Limnology, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Stechlin, Germany
- Department of Ecology, Berlin Institute of Technology, Berlin, Germany
| | - David Suggett
- University of Technology Sydney, Climate Change Cluster, Faculty of Science, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Tomas Zavřel
- Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czechia
| | - Kimberly H. Halsey
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
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Inomura K, Deutsch C, Masuda T, Prášil O, Follows MJ. Quantitative models of nitrogen-fixing organisms. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2020; 18:3905-3924. [PMID: 33335688 PMCID: PMC7733014 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2020.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen-fixing organisms are of importance to the environment, providing bioavailable nitrogen to the biosphere. Quantitative models have been used to complement the laboratory experiments and in situ measurements, where such evaluations are difficult or costly. Here, we review the current state of the quantitative modeling of nitrogen-fixing organisms and ways to enhance the bridge between theoretical and empirical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Inomura
- School of Oceanography, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Curtis Deutsch
- School of Oceanography, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Takako Masuda
- Institute of Microbiology, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Opatovický mlýn, Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Prášil
- Institute of Microbiology, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Opatovický mlýn, Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Michael J. Follows
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
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Kareya MS, Mariam I, Shaikh KM, Nesamma AA, Jutur PP. Photosynthetic Carbon Partitioning and Metabolic Regulation in Response to Very-Low and High CO 2 in Microchloropsis gaditana NIES 2587. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:981. [PMID: 32719702 PMCID: PMC7348049 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthetic organisms fix inorganic carbon through carbon capture machinery (CCM) that regulates the assimilation and accumulation of carbon around ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco). However, few constraints that govern the central carbon metabolism are regulated by the carbon capture and partitioning machinery. In order to divert the cellular metabolism toward lipids and/or biorenewables it is important to investigate and understand the molecular mechanisms of the CO2-driven carbon partitioning. In this context, strategies for enhancement of CO2 fixation which will increase the overall biomass and lipid yields, can provide clues on understanding the carbon assimilation pathway, and may lead to new targets for genetic engineering in microalgae. In the present study, we have focused on the physiological and metabolomic response occurring within marine oleaginous microalgae Microchloropsis gaditana NIES 2587, under the influence of very-low CO2 (VLC; 300 ppm, or 0.03%) and high CO2 (HC; 30,000 ppm, or 3% v/v). Our results demonstrate that HC supplementation in M. gaditana channelizes the carbon flux toward the production of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) and also increases the overall biomass productivities (up to 2.0 fold). Also, the qualitative metabolomics has identified nearly 31 essential metabolites, among which there is a significant fold change observed in accumulation of sugars and alcohols such as galactose and phytol in VLC as compared to HC. In conclusion, our focus is to understand the entire carbon partitioning and metabolic regulation within these photosynthetic cell factories, which will be further evaluated through multiomics approach for enhanced productivities of biomass, biofuels, and bioproducts (B3).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Pannaga Pavan Jutur
- Omics of Algae Group, Industrial Biotechnology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
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B J, D A, P V, S K. Nitrogen repletion favors cellular metabolism and improves eicosapentaenoic acid production in the marine microalga Isochrysis sp. CASA CC 101. ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.101877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Balakrishnan J, Dhavamani S, Sadasivam SG, Arumugam M, Vellaikumar S, Ramalingam J, Shanmugam K. Omega-3-rich Isochrysis sp. biomass enhances brain docosahexaenoic acid levels and improves serum lipid profile and antioxidant status in Wistar rats. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2019; 99:6066-6075. [PMID: 31228262 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Isochrysis sp. is a marine microalga, rich in eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). The potential use of its biomass as an alternative source of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) has not been studied in animal models. Male albino Wistar rats were divided into three groups and treated for 28 days. The rats were fed with (1) standard chow (control group), (2) microalgal biomass rich in EPA and DHA along with standard chow (microalga group), and (3) fish oil that contains equivalent amounts of EPA and DHA along with standard chow (fish oil group). After intervention, biochemical indices, histopathological indices, relative mRNA expression of PUFA genes, antioxidant genes, inflammatory markers, and the fatty acid profile of major tissues were studied. RESULTS Animals treated with microalgal biomass showed significantly increased serum HDL levels (P < 0.05) and reduced oxidative stress markers with a concomitant decrease in urea and creatinine levels. Oral supplementation of microalgal biomass did not show any toxicity or damage in any major organs. The mRNA expression of PUFA genes was significantly downregulated (P < 0.05) and antioxidant genes were upregulated. Furthermore, the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory markers was significantly downregulated (P < 0.05) and anti-inflammatory markers were upregulated. Oral supplementation of microalgal biomass improved DHA status in brain and liver. CONCLUSION The present study demonstrated that Isochrysis sp. can be used as a safe, alternative food supplement for ω-3 fatty acids. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeyakumar Balakrishnan
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sugasini Dhavamani
- Division of Lipidomics and Endocrinology, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Selvam Govindan Sadasivam
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Muthu Arumugam
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Trivandrum, Kerala, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR, India
| | - Sampathrajan Vellaikumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Agriculture College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jagadeesan Ramalingam
- Department of Biotechnology, Agriculture College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kathiresan Shanmugam
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Simple, fast and accurate method for the determination of glycogen in the model unicellular cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. J Microbiol Methods 2019; 164:105686. [PMID: 31400361 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2019.105686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Glycogen is a highly soluble branched polymer composed of glucose monomers linked by glycosidic bonds that represents, together with starch, one of the main energy storage compounds in living organisms. While starch is present in plant cells, glycogen is present in bacteria, protozoa, fungi and animal cells. Due to its essential function, it has been the subject of intense research for almost two centuries. Different procedures for the isolation and quantification of glycogen, according to the origin of the sample and/or the purpose of the study, have been reported in the literature. The objective of this study is to optimize the methodology for the determination of glycogen in cyanobacteria, as the interest in cyanobacterial glycogen has increased in recent years due to the biotechnological application of these microorganisms. In the present work, the methodology reported for the quantification of glycogen in cyanobacteria has been reviewed and an extensive empirical analysis has been performed showing how this methodology can be optimized significantly to reduce time and improve reliability and reproducibility. Based on these results, a simple and fast protocol for quantification of glycogen in the model unicellular cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 is presented, which could also be successfully adapted to other cyanobacteria.
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Synchrotron-Radiation Vacuum-Ultraviolet Circular-Dichroism Spectroscopy for Characterizing the Structure of Saccharides. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019. [PMID: 30484246 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-2158-0_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Circular-dichroism (CD) spectroscopy is a powerful tool for analyzing the structures of chiral molecules and biomolecules. The development of CD instruments using synchrotron radiation has greatly expanded the utility of this method by extending the spectra to the vacuum-ultraviolet (VUV) region below 190 nm and thereby yielding information that is unobtainable by conventional CD instruments. This technique is especially advantageous for monitoring the structure of saccharides that contain hydroxy and acetal groups with high-energy transitions in the VUV region. Combining VUVCD spectra with theoretical calculations provides new insight into the contributions of anomeric hydroxy groups and rotational isomers of hydroxymethyl groups to the dynamics, intramolecular hydrogen bonds, and hydration of saccharides in aqueous solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhakar Krittika
- Fly Laboratory, School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Pankaj Yadav
- Fly Laboratory, School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur, India
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Multiomics resolution of molecular events during a day in the life of Chlamydomonas. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:2374-2383. [PMID: 30659148 PMCID: PMC6369806 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1815238116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii displays metabolic flexibility in response to a changing environment. We analyzed expression patterns of its three genomes in cells grown under light-dark cycles. Nearly 85% of transcribed genes show differential expression, with different sets of transcripts being up-regulated over the course of the day to coordinate cellular growth before undergoing cell division. Parallel measurements of select metabolites and pigments, physiological parameters, and a subset of proteins allow us to infer metabolic events and to evaluate the impact of the transcriptome on the proteome. Among the findings are the observations that Chlamydomonas exhibits lower respiratory activity at night compared with the day; multiple fermentation pathways, some oxygen-sensitive, are expressed at night in aerated cultures; we propose that the ferredoxin, FDX9, is potentially the electron donor to hydrogenases. The light stress-responsive genes PSBS, LHCSR1, and LHCSR3 show an acute response to lights-on at dawn under abrupt dark-to-light transitions, while LHCSR3 genes also exhibit a later, second burst in expression in the middle of the day dependent on light intensity. Each response to light (acute and sustained) can be selectively activated under specific conditions. Our expression dataset, complemented with coexpression networks and metabolite profiling, should constitute an excellent resource for the algal and plant communities.
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Aryal UK, Ding Z, Hedrick V, Sobreira TJP, Kihara D, Sherman LA. Analysis of Protein Complexes in the Unicellular Cyanobacterium Cyanothece ATCC 51142. J Proteome Res 2018; 17:3628-3643. [PMID: 30216071 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.8b00170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The unicellular cyanobacterium Cyanothece ATCC 51142 is capable of oxygenic photosynthesis and biological N2 fixation (BNF), a process highly sensitive to oxygen. Previous work has focused on determining protein expression levels under different growth conditions. A major gap of our knowledge is an understanding on how these expressed proteins are assembled into complexes and organized into metabolic pathways, an area that has not been thoroughly investigated. Here, we combined size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) with label-free quantitative mass spectrometry (MS) and bioinformatics to characterize many protein complexes from Cyanothece 51142 cells grown under a 12 h light-dark cycle. We identified 1386 proteins in duplicate biological replicates, and 64% of those proteins were identified as putative complexes. Pairwise computational prediction of protein-protein interaction (PPI) identified 74 822 putative interactions, of which 2337 interactions were highly correlated with published protein coexpressions. Many sequential glycolytic and TCA cycle enzymes were identified as putative complexes. We also identified many membrane complexes that contain cytoplasmic domains. Subunits of NDH-1 complex eluted in a fraction with an approximate mass of ∼669 kDa, and subunits composition revealed coexistence of distinct forms of NDH-1 complex subunits responsible for respiration, electron flow, and CO2 uptake. The complex form of the phycocyanin beta subunit was nonphosphorylated, and the monomer form was phosphorylated at Ser20, suggesting phosphorylation-dependent deoligomerization of the phycocyanin beta subunit. This study provides an analytical platform for future studies to reveal how these complexes assemble and disassemble as a function of diurnal and circadian rhythms.
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Zavřel T, Očenášová P, Sinetova MA, Červený J. Determination of Storage (Starch/Glycogen) and Total Saccharides Content in Algae and Cyanobacteria by a Phenol-Sulfuric Acid Method. Bio Protoc 2018; 8:e2966. [PMID: 34395769 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.2966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This is a protocol for quantitative determination of storage and total carbohydrates in algae and cyanobacteria. The protocol is simple, fast and sensitive and it requires only few standard chemicals. Great advantage of this protocol is that both storage and total saccharides can be determined in the cellular pellets that were already used for chlorophyll and carotenoids quantification. Since it is recommended to perform the pigments measurement in triplicates, each pigment analysis can generate samples for both total saccharide and glycogen/starch content quantification. The protocol was applied for quantification of both storage and total carbohydrates in cyanobacteria Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, Cyanothece sp. ATCC 51142 and Cyanobacterium sp. IPPAS B-1200. It was also applied for estimation of storage polysaccharides in Galdieria (IPPAS P-500, IPPAS P-507, IPPAS P-508, IPPAS P-513), Cyanidium caldarium IPPAS P-510, in green algae Chlorella sp. IPPAS C-1 and C-1210, Parachlorella kessleri IPPAS C-9, Nannochloris sp. C-1509, Coelastrella sp. IPPAS H-626, Haematococcus sp. IPPAS H-629 and H-239, and in Eustigmatos sp. IPPAS H-242 and IPPAS C-70.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Zavřel
- Department of Adaptive Biotechnologies, Global Change Research Institute, Academy of Science of the Czech Republic, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Očenášová
- Department of Adaptive Biotechnologies, Global Change Research Institute, Academy of Science of the Czech Republic, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Maria A Sinetova
- Laboratory of Intracellular Regulation, Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Jan Červený
- Department of Adaptive Biotechnologies, Global Change Research Institute, Academy of Science of the Czech Republic, Brno, Czech Republic
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Veerabadhran M, Chakraborty S, Mitra S, Karmakar S, Mukherjee J. Effects of flask configuration on biofilm growth and metabolites of intertidal Cyanobacteria isolated from a mangrove forest. J Appl Microbiol 2018; 125:190-202. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.13761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Veerabadhran
- School of Environmental Studies; Jadavpur University; Kolkata India
| | - S. Chakraborty
- School of Environmental Studies; Jadavpur University; Kolkata India
| | - S. Mitra
- School of Environmental Studies; Jadavpur University; Kolkata India
| | - S. Karmakar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology; Jadavpur University; Kolkata India
| | - J. Mukherjee
- School of Environmental Studies; Jadavpur University; Kolkata India
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22
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Kadouche D, Ducatez M, Cenci U, Tirtiaux C, Suzuki E, Nakamura Y, Putaux JL, Terrasson AD, Diaz-Troya S, Florencio FJ, Arias MC, Striebeck A, Palcic M, Ball SG, Colleoni C. Characterization of Function of the GlgA2 Glycogen/Starch Synthase in Cyanobacterium sp. Clg1 Highlights Convergent Evolution of Glycogen Metabolism into Starch Granule Aggregation. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 171:1879-92. [PMID: 27208262 PMCID: PMC4936547 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.00049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
At variance with the starch-accumulating plants and most of the glycogen-accumulating cyanobacteria, Cyanobacterium sp. CLg1 synthesizes both glycogen and starch. We now report the selection of a starchless mutant of this cyanobacterium that retains wild-type amounts of glycogen. Unlike other mutants of this type found in plants and cyanobacteria, this mutant proved to be selectively defective for one of the two types of glycogen/starch synthase: GlgA2. This enzyme is phylogenetically related to the previously reported SSIII/SSIV starch synthase that is thought to be involved in starch granule seeding in plants. This suggests that, in addition to the selective polysaccharide debranching demonstrated to be responsible for starch rather than glycogen synthesis, the nature and properties of the elongation enzyme define a novel determinant of starch versus glycogen accumulation. We show that the phylogenies of GlgA2 and of 16S ribosomal RNA display significant congruence. This suggests that this enzyme evolved together with cyanobacteria when they diversified over 2 billion years ago. However, cyanobacteria can be ruled out as direct progenitors of the SSIII/SSIV ancestral gene found in Archaeplastida. Hence, both cyanobacteria and plants recruited similar enzymes independently to perform analogous tasks, further emphasizing the importance of convergent evolution in the appearance of starch from a preexisting glycogen metabolism network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derifa Kadouche
- Université Lille, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8576, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000 Lille, France (D.K., M.D., U.C., C.T., M.C.A., S.G.B., C.C.);Department of Biological Production, Akita Prefectural University, Akita 010-0195 Japan (E.S., Y.N.);Centre de Recherches sur Les Macromolécules Végétales, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Grenoble Alpes, F-38041 Grenoble cedex 9, France (J.-L.P., A.D.T.);Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis cic Cartuja, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad de Sevilla, 41092 Seville, Spain (S.D.-T., F.J.F.);Raw Materials Group, Carlsberg Laboratory, 1799 Copenhagen V, Denmark (A.S.); andDepartment of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6 (M.P.)
| | - Mathieu Ducatez
- Université Lille, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8576, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000 Lille, France (D.K., M.D., U.C., C.T., M.C.A., S.G.B., C.C.);Department of Biological Production, Akita Prefectural University, Akita 010-0195 Japan (E.S., Y.N.);Centre de Recherches sur Les Macromolécules Végétales, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Grenoble Alpes, F-38041 Grenoble cedex 9, France (J.-L.P., A.D.T.);Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis cic Cartuja, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad de Sevilla, 41092 Seville, Spain (S.D.-T., F.J.F.);Raw Materials Group, Carlsberg Laboratory, 1799 Copenhagen V, Denmark (A.S.); andDepartment of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6 (M.P.)
| | - Ugo Cenci
- Université Lille, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8576, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000 Lille, France (D.K., M.D., U.C., C.T., M.C.A., S.G.B., C.C.);Department of Biological Production, Akita Prefectural University, Akita 010-0195 Japan (E.S., Y.N.);Centre de Recherches sur Les Macromolécules Végétales, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Grenoble Alpes, F-38041 Grenoble cedex 9, France (J.-L.P., A.D.T.);Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis cic Cartuja, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad de Sevilla, 41092 Seville, Spain (S.D.-T., F.J.F.);Raw Materials Group, Carlsberg Laboratory, 1799 Copenhagen V, Denmark (A.S.); andDepartment of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6 (M.P.)
| | - Catherine Tirtiaux
- Université Lille, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8576, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000 Lille, France (D.K., M.D., U.C., C.T., M.C.A., S.G.B., C.C.);Department of Biological Production, Akita Prefectural University, Akita 010-0195 Japan (E.S., Y.N.);Centre de Recherches sur Les Macromolécules Végétales, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Grenoble Alpes, F-38041 Grenoble cedex 9, France (J.-L.P., A.D.T.);Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis cic Cartuja, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad de Sevilla, 41092 Seville, Spain (S.D.-T., F.J.F.);Raw Materials Group, Carlsberg Laboratory, 1799 Copenhagen V, Denmark (A.S.); andDepartment of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6 (M.P.)
| | - Eiji Suzuki
- Université Lille, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8576, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000 Lille, France (D.K., M.D., U.C., C.T., M.C.A., S.G.B., C.C.);Department of Biological Production, Akita Prefectural University, Akita 010-0195 Japan (E.S., Y.N.);Centre de Recherches sur Les Macromolécules Végétales, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Grenoble Alpes, F-38041 Grenoble cedex 9, France (J.-L.P., A.D.T.);Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis cic Cartuja, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad de Sevilla, 41092 Seville, Spain (S.D.-T., F.J.F.);Raw Materials Group, Carlsberg Laboratory, 1799 Copenhagen V, Denmark (A.S.); andDepartment of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6 (M.P.)
| | - Yasunori Nakamura
- Université Lille, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8576, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000 Lille, France (D.K., M.D., U.C., C.T., M.C.A., S.G.B., C.C.);Department of Biological Production, Akita Prefectural University, Akita 010-0195 Japan (E.S., Y.N.);Centre de Recherches sur Les Macromolécules Végétales, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Grenoble Alpes, F-38041 Grenoble cedex 9, France (J.-L.P., A.D.T.);Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis cic Cartuja, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad de Sevilla, 41092 Seville, Spain (S.D.-T., F.J.F.);Raw Materials Group, Carlsberg Laboratory, 1799 Copenhagen V, Denmark (A.S.); andDepartment of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6 (M.P.)
| | - Jean-Luc Putaux
- Université Lille, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8576, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000 Lille, France (D.K., M.D., U.C., C.T., M.C.A., S.G.B., C.C.);Department of Biological Production, Akita Prefectural University, Akita 010-0195 Japan (E.S., Y.N.);Centre de Recherches sur Les Macromolécules Végétales, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Grenoble Alpes, F-38041 Grenoble cedex 9, France (J.-L.P., A.D.T.);Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis cic Cartuja, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad de Sevilla, 41092 Seville, Spain (S.D.-T., F.J.F.);Raw Materials Group, Carlsberg Laboratory, 1799 Copenhagen V, Denmark (A.S.); andDepartment of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6 (M.P.)
| | - Amandine Durand Terrasson
- Université Lille, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8576, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000 Lille, France (D.K., M.D., U.C., C.T., M.C.A., S.G.B., C.C.);Department of Biological Production, Akita Prefectural University, Akita 010-0195 Japan (E.S., Y.N.);Centre de Recherches sur Les Macromolécules Végétales, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Grenoble Alpes, F-38041 Grenoble cedex 9, France (J.-L.P., A.D.T.);Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis cic Cartuja, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad de Sevilla, 41092 Seville, Spain (S.D.-T., F.J.F.);Raw Materials Group, Carlsberg Laboratory, 1799 Copenhagen V, Denmark (A.S.); andDepartment of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6 (M.P.)
| | - Sandra Diaz-Troya
- Université Lille, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8576, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000 Lille, France (D.K., M.D., U.C., C.T., M.C.A., S.G.B., C.C.);Department of Biological Production, Akita Prefectural University, Akita 010-0195 Japan (E.S., Y.N.);Centre de Recherches sur Les Macromolécules Végétales, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Grenoble Alpes, F-38041 Grenoble cedex 9, France (J.-L.P., A.D.T.);Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis cic Cartuja, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad de Sevilla, 41092 Seville, Spain (S.D.-T., F.J.F.);Raw Materials Group, Carlsberg Laboratory, 1799 Copenhagen V, Denmark (A.S.); andDepartment of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6 (M.P.)
| | - Francisco Javier Florencio
- Université Lille, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8576, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000 Lille, France (D.K., M.D., U.C., C.T., M.C.A., S.G.B., C.C.);Department of Biological Production, Akita Prefectural University, Akita 010-0195 Japan (E.S., Y.N.);Centre de Recherches sur Les Macromolécules Végétales, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Grenoble Alpes, F-38041 Grenoble cedex 9, France (J.-L.P., A.D.T.);Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis cic Cartuja, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad de Sevilla, 41092 Seville, Spain (S.D.-T., F.J.F.);Raw Materials Group, Carlsberg Laboratory, 1799 Copenhagen V, Denmark (A.S.); andDepartment of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6 (M.P.)
| | - Maria Cecilia Arias
- Université Lille, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8576, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000 Lille, France (D.K., M.D., U.C., C.T., M.C.A., S.G.B., C.C.);Department of Biological Production, Akita Prefectural University, Akita 010-0195 Japan (E.S., Y.N.);Centre de Recherches sur Les Macromolécules Végétales, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Grenoble Alpes, F-38041 Grenoble cedex 9, France (J.-L.P., A.D.T.);Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis cic Cartuja, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad de Sevilla, 41092 Seville, Spain (S.D.-T., F.J.F.);Raw Materials Group, Carlsberg Laboratory, 1799 Copenhagen V, Denmark (A.S.); andDepartment of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6 (M.P.)
| | - Alexander Striebeck
- Université Lille, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8576, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000 Lille, France (D.K., M.D., U.C., C.T., M.C.A., S.G.B., C.C.);Department of Biological Production, Akita Prefectural University, Akita 010-0195 Japan (E.S., Y.N.);Centre de Recherches sur Les Macromolécules Végétales, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Grenoble Alpes, F-38041 Grenoble cedex 9, France (J.-L.P., A.D.T.);Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis cic Cartuja, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad de Sevilla, 41092 Seville, Spain (S.D.-T., F.J.F.);Raw Materials Group, Carlsberg Laboratory, 1799 Copenhagen V, Denmark (A.S.); andDepartment of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6 (M.P.)
| | - Monica Palcic
- Université Lille, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8576, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000 Lille, France (D.K., M.D., U.C., C.T., M.C.A., S.G.B., C.C.);Department of Biological Production, Akita Prefectural University, Akita 010-0195 Japan (E.S., Y.N.);Centre de Recherches sur Les Macromolécules Végétales, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Grenoble Alpes, F-38041 Grenoble cedex 9, France (J.-L.P., A.D.T.);Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis cic Cartuja, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad de Sevilla, 41092 Seville, Spain (S.D.-T., F.J.F.);Raw Materials Group, Carlsberg Laboratory, 1799 Copenhagen V, Denmark (A.S.); andDepartment of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6 (M.P.)
| | - Steven G Ball
- Université Lille, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8576, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000 Lille, France (D.K., M.D., U.C., C.T., M.C.A., S.G.B., C.C.);Department of Biological Production, Akita Prefectural University, Akita 010-0195 Japan (E.S., Y.N.);Centre de Recherches sur Les Macromolécules Végétales, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Grenoble Alpes, F-38041 Grenoble cedex 9, France (J.-L.P., A.D.T.);Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis cic Cartuja, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad de Sevilla, 41092 Seville, Spain (S.D.-T., F.J.F.);Raw Materials Group, Carlsberg Laboratory, 1799 Copenhagen V, Denmark (A.S.); andDepartment of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6 (M.P.)
| | - Christophe Colleoni
- Université Lille, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8576, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000 Lille, France (D.K., M.D., U.C., C.T., M.C.A., S.G.B., C.C.);Department of Biological Production, Akita Prefectural University, Akita 010-0195 Japan (E.S., Y.N.);Centre de Recherches sur Les Macromolécules Végétales, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Grenoble Alpes, F-38041 Grenoble cedex 9, France (J.-L.P., A.D.T.);Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis cic Cartuja, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad de Sevilla, 41092 Seville, Spain (S.D.-T., F.J.F.);Raw Materials Group, Carlsberg Laboratory, 1799 Copenhagen V, Denmark (A.S.); andDepartment of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6 (M.P.)
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Ma P, Mori T, Zhao C, Thiel T, Johnson CH. Evolution of KaiC-Dependent Timekeepers: A Proto-circadian Timing Mechanism Confers Adaptive Fitness in the Purple Bacterium Rhodopseudomonas palustris. PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1005922. [PMID: 26982486 PMCID: PMC4794148 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian (daily) rhythms are a fundamental and ubiquitous property of eukaryotic organisms. However, cyanobacteria are the only prokaryotic group for which bona fide circadian properties have been persuasively documented, even though homologs of the cyanobacterial kaiABC central clock genes are distributed widely among Eubacteria and Archaea. We report the purple non-sulfur bacterium Rhodopseudomonas palustris (that harbors homologs of kaiB and kaiC) only poorly sustains rhythmicity in constant conditions-a defining characteristic of circadian rhythms. Moreover, the biochemical characteristics of the Rhodopseudomonas homolog of the KaiC protein in vivo and in vitro are different from those of cyanobacterial KaiC. Nevertheless, R. palustris cells exhibit adaptive kaiC-dependent growth enhancement in 24-h cyclic environments, but not under non-natural constant conditions. Therefore, our data indicate that Rhodopseudomonas does not have a classical circadian rhythm, but a novel timekeeping mechanism that does not sustain itself in constant conditions. These results question the adaptive value of self-sustained oscillatory capability for daily timekeepers and establish new criteria for circadian-like systems that are based on adaptive properties (i.e., fitness enhancement in rhythmic environments), rather than upon observations of persisting rhythms in constant conditions. We propose that the Rhodopseudomonas system is a "proto" circadian timekeeper, as in an ancestral system that is based on KaiC and KaiB proteins and includes some, but not necessarily all, of the canonical properties of circadian clocks. These data indicate reasonable intermediate steps by which bona fide circadian systems evolved in simple organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peijun Ma
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Tetsuya Mori
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Chi Zhao
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Teresa Thiel
- Department of Biology, University of Missouri-St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Carl Hirschie Johnson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
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24
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Convergent Evolution of Starch Metabolism in Cyanobacteria and Archaeplastida. Evol Biol 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-41324-2_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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25
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Alagesan S, Gaudana SB, Wangikar PP. Rhythmic oscillations in KaiC1 phosphorylation and ATP/ADP ratio in nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteriumCyanothecesp. ATCC 51142. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2015.1116737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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26
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Altering the Structure of Carbohydrate Storage Granules in the Cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. Strain PCC 6803 through Branching-Enzyme Truncations. J Bacteriol 2015; 198:701-10. [PMID: 26668264 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00830-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Carbohydrate storage is an important element of metabolism in cyanobacteria and in the chloroplasts of plants. Understanding how to manipulate the metabolism and storage of carbohydrate is also an important factor toward harnessing cyanobacteria for energy production. While most cyanobacteria produce glycogen, some have been found to accumulate polysaccharides in the form of water-insoluble α-glucan similar to amylopectin. Notably, this alternative form, termed "semi-amylopectin," forms in cyanobacterial species harboring three branching-enzyme (BE) homologs, designated BE1, BE2, and BE3. In this study, mutagenesis of the branching genes found in Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803 was performed in order to characterize their possible impact on polysaccharide storage granule morphology. N-terminal truncations were made to the native BE gene of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. In addition, one of the two native debranching enzyme genes was replaced with a heterologous debranching enzyme gene from a semi-amylopectin-forming strain. Growth and glycogen content of mutant strains did not significantly differ from those of the wild type, and ultrastructure analysis revealed only slight changes to granule morphology. However, analysis of chain length distribution by anion-exchange chromatography revealed modest changes to the branched-chain length profile. The resulting glycogen shared structure characteristics similar to that of granules isolated from semi-amylopectin-producing strains. IMPORTANCE This study is the first to investigate the impact of branching-enzyme truncations on the structure of storage carbohydrates in cyanobacteria. The results of this study are an important contribution toward understanding the relationship between the enzymatic repertoire of a cyanobacterial species and the morphology of its storage carbohydrates.
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Wang GZ, Hickey SL, Shi L, Huang HC, Nakashe P, Koike N, Tu BP, Takahashi JS, Konopka G. Cycling Transcriptional Networks Optimize Energy Utilization on a Genome Scale. Cell Rep 2015; 13:1868-80. [PMID: 26655902 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Revised: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Genes expressing circadian RNA rhythms are enriched for metabolic pathways, but the adaptive significance of cyclic gene expression remains unclear. We estimated the genome-wide synthetic and degradative cost of transcription and translation in three organisms and found that the cost of cycling genes is strikingly higher compared to non-cycling genes. Cycling genes are expressed at high levels and constitute the most costly proteins to synthesize in the genome. We demonstrate that metabolic cycling is accelerated in yeast grown under higher nutrient flux and the number of cycling genes increases ∼40%, which are achieved by increasing the amplitude and not the mean level of gene expression. These results suggest that rhythmic gene expression optimizes the metabolic cost of global gene expression and that highly expressed genes have been selected to be downregulated in a cyclic manner for energy conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Zhong Wang
- Department of Neuroscience, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Stephanie L Hickey
- Department of Neuroscience, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Hung-Chung Huang
- Department of Neuroscience, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Prachi Nakashe
- Department of Neuroscience, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Nobuya Koike
- Department of Neuroscience, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Benjamin P Tu
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Joseph S Takahashi
- Department of Neuroscience, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
| | - Genevieve Konopka
- Department of Neuroscience, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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Bernstein HC, Charania MA, McClure RS, Sadler NC, Melnicki MR, Hill EA, Markillie LM, Nicora CD, Wright AT, Romine MF, Beliaev AS. Multi-Omic Dynamics Associate Oxygenic Photosynthesis with Nitrogenase-Mediated H2 Production in Cyanothece sp. ATCC 51142. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16004. [PMID: 26525576 PMCID: PMC4630603 DOI: 10.1038/srep16004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, the proposed mechanisms of nitrogenase-driven photosynthetic H2 production by the diazotrophic unicellular cyanobacterium Cyanothece sp. ATCC 51142 have assumed that reductant and ATP requirements are derived solely from glycogen oxidation and cyclic-electron flow around photosystem I. Through genome-scale transcript and protein profiling, this study presents and tests a new hypothesis on the metabolic relationship between oxygenic photosynthesis and nitrogenase-mediated H2 production in Cyanothece 51142. Our results show that net-positive rates of oxygenic photosynthesis and increased expression of photosystem II reaction centers correspond and are synchronized with nitrogenase expression and H2 production. These findings provide a new and more complete view on the metabolic processes contributing to the energy budget of photosynthetic H2 production and highlight the role of concurrent photocatalytic H2O oxidation as a participating process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans C Bernstein
- Chemical and Biological Signature Science, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352.,Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland WA, 99352
| | - Moiz A Charania
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland WA, 99352
| | - Ryan S McClure
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland WA, 99352
| | - Natalie C Sadler
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland WA, 99352
| | - Matthew R Melnicki
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland WA, 99352
| | - Eric A Hill
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland WA, 99352
| | - Lye Meng Markillie
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland WA, 99352
| | - Carrie D Nicora
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland WA, 99352
| | - Aaron T Wright
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland WA, 99352
| | - Margaret F Romine
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland WA, 99352
| | - Alexander S Beliaev
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland WA, 99352
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Dechatiwongse P, Maitland G, Hellgardt K. Demonstration of a two-stage aerobic/anaerobic chemostat for the enhanced production of hydrogen and biomass from unicellular nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterium. ALGAL RES 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2015.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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30
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Effect of Light Intensity and Photoperiod on Growth and Biochemical Composition of a Local Isolate of Nostoc calcicola. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2015; 176:2279-89. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-015-1717-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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31
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Krishnakumar S, Gaudana SB, Digmurti MG, Viswanathan GA, Chetty M, Wangikar PP. Influence of mixotrophic growth on rhythmic oscillations in expression of metabolic pathways in diazotrophic cyanobacterium Cyanothece sp. ATCC 51142. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 188:145-152. [PMID: 25736893 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Revised: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the influence of mixotrophy on physiology and metabolism by analysis of global gene expression in unicellular diazotrophic cyanobacterium Cyanothece sp. ATCC 51142 (henceforth Cyanothece 51142). It was found that Cyanothece 51142 continues to oscillate between photosynthesis and respiration in continuous light under mixotrophy with cycle time of ∼ 13 h. Mixotrophy is marked by an extended respiratory phase compared with photoautotrophy. It can be argued that glycerol provides supplementary energy for nitrogen fixation, which is derived primarily from the glycogen reserves during photoautotrophy. The genes of NDH complex, cytochrome c oxidase and ATP synthase are significantly overexpressed in mixotrophy during the day compared to autotrophy with synchronous expression of the bidirectional hydrogenase genes possibly to maintain redox balance. However, nitrogenase complex remains exclusive to nighttime metabolism concomitantly with uptake hydrogenase. This study throws light on interrelations between metabolic pathways with implications in design of hydrogen producer strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Krishnakumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Sandeep B Gaudana
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Madhuri G Digmurti
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Ganesh A Viswanathan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Madhu Chetty
- School of Information Technology, Federation University Australia, Gippsland Campus, VIC 3841, Australia
| | - Pramod P Wangikar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India; Wadhwani Research Center for Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India; DBT-Pan IIT Center for Bioenergy, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India.
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Abstract
For a biological oscillator to function as a circadian pacemaker that confers a fitness advantage, its timing functions must be stable in response to environmental and metabolic fluctuations. One such stability enhancer, temperature compensation, has long been a defining characteristic of these timekeepers. However, an accurate biological timekeeper must also resist changes in metabolism, and this review suggests that temperature compensation is actually a subset of a larger phenomenon, namely metabolic compensation, which maintains the frequency of circadian oscillators in response to a host of factors that impinge on metabolism and would otherwise destabilize these clocks. The circadian system of prokaryotic cyanobacteria is an illustrative model because it is composed of transcriptional and nontranscriptional oscillators that are coupled to promote resilience. Moreover, the cyanobacterial circadian program regulates gene activity and metabolic pathways, and it can be manipulated to improve the expression of bioproducts that have practical value.
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Sandh G, Ramström M, Stensjö K. Analysis of the early heterocyst Cys-proteome in the multicellular cyanobacterium Nostoc punctiforme reveals novel insights into the division of labor within diazotrophic filaments. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:1064. [PMID: 25476978 PMCID: PMC4363197 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-1064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In the filamentous cyanobacterium Nostoc punctiforme ATCC 29133, removal of combined nitrogen induces the differentiation of heterocysts, a cell-type specialized in N2 fixation. The differentiation involves genomic, structural and metabolic adaptations. In cyanobacteria, changes in the availability of carbon and nitrogen have also been linked to redox regulated posttranslational modifications of protein bound thiol groups. We have here employed a thiol targeting strategy to relatively quantify the putative redox proteome in heterocysts as compared to N2-fixing filaments, 24 hours after combined nitrogen depletion. The aim of the study was to expand the coverage of the cell-type specific proteome and metabolic landscape of heterocysts. Results Here we report the first cell-type specific proteome of newly formed heterocysts, compared to N2-fixing filaments, using the cysteine-specific selective ICAT methodology. The data set defined a good quantitative accuracy of the ICAT reagent in complex protein samples. The relative abundance levels of 511 proteins were determined and 74% showed a cell-type specific differential abundance. The majority of the identified proteins have not previously been quantified at the cell-type specific level. We have in addition analyzed the cell-type specific differential abundance of a large section of proteins quantified in both newly formed and steady-state diazotrophic cultures in N. punctiforme. The results describe a wide distribution of members of the putative redox regulated Cys-proteome in the central metabolism of both vegetative cells and heterocysts of N. punctiforme. Conclusions The data set broadens our understanding of heterocysts and describes novel proteins involved in heterocyst physiology, including signaling and regulatory proteins as well as a large number of proteins with unknown function. Significant differences in cell-type specific abundance levels were present in the cell-type specific proteomes of newly formed diazotrophic filaments as compared to steady-state cultures. Therefore we conclude that by using our approach we are able to analyze a synchronized fraction of newly formed heterocysts, which enabled a better detection of proteins involved in the heterocyst specific physiology. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2164-15-1064) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Karin Stensjö
- Microbial Chemistry, Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden.
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Arshad S, Mishra S, Sherman LA. The effects of different light-dark cycles on the metabolism of the diazotrophic, unicellular cyanobacteria Cyanothece sp. ATCC 51142, and Cyanothecesp. PCC 7822. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2014; 50:930-938. [PMID: 26988646 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/20/2014] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The diazotrophic unicellular cyanobacterium Cyanothece sp. ATCC 51142 demonstrates circadian patterns in nitrogenase activity, H2 production and glycogen storage when grown under nitrogen-fixing, 12:12 light:dark (L:D) conditions. In this study, we grew Cyanothece sp. ATCC 51142, and another strain in this genus, Cyanothece sp. PCC 7822, under long-day (16:8 L:D) and short-day (8:16 L:D) nitrogen-fixing conditions to determine if they continued to display circadian rhythms. Both strains demonstrated similar circadian patterns for all three metabolic parameters when grown under long-day conditions. However, the strains responded differently to short-day growth conditions. Cyanothece sp. ATCC 51142 retained reasonable circadian patterns under 8:16 L:D conditions, whereas Cyanothece sp. PCC 7822 had quite damped patterns without a clear circadian pattern. In particular, glycogen storage changed very little throughout the day and we ascribe this to the difference in the type of glycogen granules in Cyanothece sp. PCC 7822 which has small β-granules, compared to the large, starch-like granules in Cyanothece sp. ATCC 51142. The results suggested that both mechanistic and regulatory processes play a role in establishing the basis for these metabolic oscillations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Arshad
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, 915 W. State St., West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907, USA
| | - Sujata Mishra
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, 915 W. State St., West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907, USA
| | - Louis A Sherman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, 915 W. State St., West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907, USA
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35
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Pattanayak GK, Phong C, Rust MJ. Rhythms in energy storage control the ability of the cyanobacterial circadian clock to reset. Curr Biol 2014; 24:1934-8. [PMID: 25127221 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2014.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2014] [Revised: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Circadian clocks are oscillatory systems that schedule daily rhythms of organismal behavior. The ability of the clock to reset its phase in response to external signals is critical for proper synchronization with the environment. In the model clock from cyanobacteria, the KaiABC proteins that comprise the core oscillator are directly sensitive to metabolites. Reduced ATP/ADP ratio and oxidized quinones cause clock phase shifts in vitro. However, it is unclear what determines the metabolic response of the cell to darkness and thus the magnitude of clock resetting. We show that the cyanobacterial circadian clock generates a rhythm in metabolism that causes cells to accumulate glycogen in anticipation of nightfall. Mutation of the histidine kinase CikA creates an insensitive clock-input phenotype by misregulating clock output genome wide, leading to overaccumulation of glycogen and subsequently high ATP in the dark. Conversely, we show that disruption of glycogen metabolism results in low ATP in the dark and makes the clock hypersensitive to dark pulses. The observed changes in cellular energy are sufficient to recapitulate phase-shifting phenotypes in an in vitro model of the clock. Our results show that clock-input phenotypes can arise from metabolic dysregulation and illustrate a framework for circadian biology where clock outputs feed back through metabolism to control input mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopal K Pattanayak
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, Institute for Genomics and Systems Biology, University of Chicago, 900 East 57(th) Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Connie Phong
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, Institute for Genomics and Systems Biology, University of Chicago, 900 East 57(th) Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Michael J Rust
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, Institute for Genomics and Systems Biology, University of Chicago, 900 East 57(th) Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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Dechatiwongse P, Srisamai S, Maitland G, Hellgardt K. Effects of light and temperature on the photoautotrophic growth and photoinhibition of nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterium Cyanothece sp. ATCC 51142. ALGAL RES 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2014.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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37
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Aryal UK, Callister SJ, McMahon BH, McCue LA, Brown J, Stöckel J, Liberton M, Mishra S, Zhang X, Nicora CD, Angel TE, Koppenaal DW, Smith RD, Pakrasi HB, Sherman LA. Proteomic Profiles of Five Strains of Oxygenic Photosynthetic Cyanobacteria of the Genus Cyanothece. J Proteome Res 2014; 13:3262-76. [DOI: 10.1021/pr5000889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Uma K. Aryal
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Stephen J. Callister
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | | | - Lee-Ann McCue
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Joseph Brown
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Jana Stöckel
- Department
of Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
- MOgene Green Chemicals LC, St. Louis, Missouri 63132, United States
| | - Michelle Liberton
- Department
of Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Sujata Mishra
- Department
of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- Department
of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Carrie D. Nicora
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Thomas E. Angel
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
- Kinemed, Inc., Horton Street, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - David W. Koppenaal
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Richard D. Smith
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Himadri B. Pakrasi
- Department
of Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Louis A. Sherman
- Department
of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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Roy S, Morse D. The dinoflagellate Lingulodinium has predicted casein kinase 2 sites in many RNA binding proteins. Protist 2014; 165:330-42. [PMID: 24810178 DOI: 10.1016/j.protis.2014.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Revised: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Many cellular processes in the dinoflagellate Lingulodinium polyedrum are controlled by a circadian (daily) clock. Since the activity of proteins involved in various metabolic pathways or in regulating gene expression can be affected by phosphorylation, we established a generalized phosphoproteome catalog using LC-MS/MS to analyze a phosphoprotein-enriched fraction. Over 11,000 peptides were identified by comparison to a Lingulodinium transcriptome, and 527 of these had at least one identified phosphosite. Gene ontology analysis revealed that RNA binding and translation were one of the major categories among these proteins identified by these peptides. Since casein kinase 2 (CK2) is known to be important in eukaryotic circadian biology substrates, we next tried to identify specific substrates for this kinase. To achieve this we first classified and catalogued the kinases in the Lingulodinium transcriptome then assigned the different phosphosites to the different kinase classes. Interestingly, potential CK2 targets include a substantial proportion of RNA binding proteins. Phosphosite identification thus provides a promising new approach to investigate the Lingulodinium circadian system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sougata Roy
- Institut de Recherche en BiologieVégétale, Département de Sciences Biologiques, Université de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke est, Montréal, Québec, Canada H1X 2B2
| | - David Morse
- Institut de Recherche en BiologieVégétale, Département de Sciences Biologiques, Université de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke est, Montréal, Québec, Canada H1X 2B2.
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The uptake hydrogenase in the unicellular diazotrophic cyanobacterium Cyanothece sp. strain PCC 7822 protects nitrogenase from oxygen toxicity. J Bacteriol 2013; 196:840-9. [PMID: 24317398 DOI: 10.1128/jb.01248-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyanothece sp. strain PCC 7822 is a unicellular, diazotrophic cyanobacterium that can produce large quantities of H2 when grown diazotrophically. This strain is also capable of genetic manipulations and can represent a good model for improving H2 production from cyanobacteria. To this end, a knockout mutation was made in the hupL gene (ΔhupL), and we determined how this would affect the amount of H2 produced. The ΔhupL mutant demonstrated virtually no nitrogenase activity or H2 production when grown under N2-fixing conditions. To ensure that this mutation only affected the hupL gene, a complementation strain was constructed readily with wild-type properties; this indicated that the original insertion was only in hupL. The mutant had no uptake hydrogenase activity but had increased bidirectional hydrogenase (Hox) activity. Western blotting and immunocytochemistry under the electron microscope indicated that the mutant had neither HupL nor NifHDK, although the nif genes were transcribed. Interestingly, biochemical analysis demonstrated that both HupL and NifH could be membrane associated. The results indicated that the nif genes were transcribed but that NifHDK was either not translated or was translated but rapidly degraded. We hypothesized that the Nif proteins were made but were unusually susceptible to O2 damage. Thus, we grew the mutant cells under anaerobic conditions and found that they grew well under N2-fixing conditions. We conclude that in unicellular diazotrophs, like Cyanothece sp. strain PCC 7822, the HupLS complex helps remove oxygen from the nitrogenase, and that this is a more important function than merely oxidizing the H2 produced by the nitrogenase.
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40
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Gaudana SB, Krishnakumar S, Alagesan S, Digmurti MG, Viswanathan GA, Chetty M, Wangikar PP. Rhythmic and sustained oscillations in metabolism and gene expression of Cyanothece sp. ATCC 51142 under constant light. Front Microbiol 2013; 4:374. [PMID: 24367360 PMCID: PMC3854555 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2013.00374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacteria, a group of photosynthetic prokaryotes, oscillate between day and night time metabolisms with concomitant oscillations in gene expression in response to light/dark cycles (LD). The oscillations in gene expression have been shown to sustain in constant light (LL) with a free running period of 24 h in a model cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942. However, equivalent oscillations in metabolism are not reported under LL in this non-nitrogen fixing cyanobacterium. Here we focus on Cyanothece sp. ATCC 51142, a unicellular, nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterium known to temporally separate the processes of oxygenic photosynthesis and oxygen-sensitive nitrogen fixation. In a recent report, metabolism of Cyanothece 51142 has been shown to oscillate between photosynthetic and respiratory phases under LL with free running periods that are temperature dependent but significantly shorter than the circadian period. Further, the oscillations shift to circadian pattern at moderate cell densities that are concomitant with slower growth rates. Here we take this understanding forward and demonstrate that the ultradian rhythm under LL sustains at much higher cell densities when grown under turbulent regimes that simulate flashing light effect. Our results suggest that the ultradian rhythm in metabolism may be needed to support higher carbon and nitrogen requirements of rapidly growing cells under LL. With a comprehensive Real time PCR based gene expression analysis we account for key regulatory interactions and demonstrate the interplay between clock genes and the genes of key metabolic pathways. Further, we observe that several genes that peak at dusk in Synechococcus peak at dawn in Cyanothece and vice versa. The circadian rhythm of this organism appears to be more robust with peaking of genes in anticipation of the ensuing photosynthetic and respiratory metabolic phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep B Gaudana
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai, Mumbai, India
| | - S Krishnakumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai, Mumbai, India
| | - Swathi Alagesan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai, Mumbai, India
| | - Madhuri G Digmurti
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai, Mumbai, India
| | - Ganesh A Viswanathan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai, Mumbai, India
| | - Madhu Chetty
- Gippsland School of Information Technology, Monash University VIC, Australia
| | - Pramod P Wangikar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai, Mumbai, India
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Rabouille S, Van de Waal DB, Matthijs HCP, Huisman J. Nitrogen fixation and respiratory electron transport in the cyanobacterium Cyanothece under different light/dark cycles. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2013; 87:630-8. [PMID: 24236731 DOI: 10.1111/1574-6941.12251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Revised: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Incompatibility of nitrogen fixation and oxygen production compels unicellular diazotrophic cyanobacteria to perform photosynthesis during daytime and restrict nitrogen fixation to nighttime. The marine diazotroph Cyanothece BG 043511 was grown in continuous culture under three light/dark regimes (16L : 8D, 12L : 12D, and 8L : 16D h); we monitored nitrogen fixation and potential photosynthetic efficiency simultaneously online to reveal how their temporal separation is affected by different LD regimes. An increase in nitrogen fixation rate at night coincided with a rise in pulse-amplitude modulated fluorescence, indicating that the enhanced respiratory electron transport to fuel diazotrophy affects the oxidation state of the plastoquinone pool. This may offer an alternative approach to assess instantaneous nitrogen fixation activity. Regardless of photoperiod, the maximum rate of nitrogen fixation was conserved at about 20 h after the onset of the light. Consequently, nitrogen fixation rates peaked at different moments in the dark: relatively early in the 16L : 8D cycle, at midnight in 12L : 12D, and relatively late in 8L : 16D. Under 16L : 8D, nitrogen fixation extended into the light, demonstrating the functional plasticity of nitrogen fixation in Cyanothece. Highest daily amounts of nitrogen fixed were obtained in 12L : 12D, which is consistent with the natural LD cycle of subtropical latitudes in which Cyanothece thrives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Rabouille
- Aquatic Microbiology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 7093, LOV, Observatoire océanologique, Villefranche/mer, France; LOV, Observatoire océanologique, CNRS, UMR 7093, Villefranche/mer, France
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Photobiological hydrogen production: Bioenergetics and challenges for its practical application. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C-PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2013.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Welkie DG, Sherman DM, Chrisler WB, Orr G, Sherman LA. Analysis of carbohydrate storage granules in the diazotrophic cyanobacterium Cyanothece sp. PCC 7822. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2013; 118:25-36. [PMID: 24142038 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-013-9941-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The unicellular diazotrophic cyanobacteria of the genus Cyanothece demonstrate oscillations in nitrogenase activity and H2 production when grown under 12 h light-12 h dark cycles. We established that Cyanothece sp. PCC 7822 allows for the construction of knock-out mutants and our objective was to improve the growth characteristics of this strain and to identify the nature of the intracellular storage granules. We report the physiological and morphological effects of reduction in nitrate and phosphate concentrations in BG-11 media on this strain. We developed a series of BG-11-derived growth media and monitored batch culture growth, nitrogenase activity and nitrogenase-mediated hydrogen production, culture synchronicity, and intracellular storage content. Reduction in NaNO3 and K2HPO4 concentrations from 17.6 and 0.23 to 4.41 and 0.06 mM, respectively, improved growth characteristics such as cell size and uniformity, and enhanced the rate of cell division. Cells grown in this low NP BG-11 were less complex, a parameter that related to the composition of the intracellular storage granules. Cells grown in low NP BG-11 had less polyphosphate, fewer polyhydroxybutyrate granules and many smaller granules became evident. Biochemical analysis and transmission electron microscopy using the histocytochemical PATO technique demonstrated that these small granules contained glycogen. The glycogen levels and the number of granules per cell correlated nicely with a 2.3 to 3.3-fold change from the minimum at L0 to the maximum at D0. The differences in granule morphology and enzymes between Cyanothece ATCC 51142 and Cyanothece PCC 7822 provide insights into the formation of large starch-like granules in some cyanobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G Welkie
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
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44
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Gaudana SB, Alagesan S, Chetty M, Wangikar PP. Diurnal rhythm of a unicellular diazotrophic cyanobacterium under mixotrophic conditions and elevated carbon dioxide. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2013; 118:51-57. [PMID: 23881383 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-013-9888-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Mixotrophic cultivation of cyanobacteria in wastewaters with flue gas sparging has the potential to simultaneously sequester carbon content from gaseous and aqueous streams and convert to biomass and biofuels. Therefore, it was of interest to study the effect of mixotrophy and elevated CO2 on metabolism, morphology and rhythm of gene expression under diurnal cycles. We chose a diazotrophic unicellular cyanobacterium Cyanothece sp. ATCC 51142 as a model, which is a known hydrogen producer with robust circadian rhythm. Cyanothece 51142 grows faster with nitrate and/or an additional carbon source in the growth medium and at 3 % CO2. Intracellular glycogen contents undergo diurnal oscillations with greater accumulation under mixotrophy. While glycogen is exhausted by midnight under autotrophic conditions, significant amounts remain unutilized accompanied by a prolonged upregulation of nifH gene under mixotrophy. This possibly supports nitrogen fixation for longer periods thereby leading to better growth. To gain insights into the influence of mixotrophy and elevated CO2 on circadian rhythm, transcription of core clock genes kaiA, kaiB1 and kaiC1, the input pathway, cikA, output pathway, rpaA and representatives of key metabolic pathways was analyzed. Clock genes' transcripts were lower under mixotrophy suggesting a dampening effect exerted by an external carbon source such as glycerol. Nevertheless, the genes of the clock and important metabolic pathways show diurnal oscillations in expression under mixotrophic and autotrophic growth at ambient and elevated CO2, respectively. Taken together, the results indicate segregation of light and dark associated reactions even under mixotrophy and provide important insights for further applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep B Gaudana
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
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45
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Brauer VS, Stomp M, Rosso C, van Beusekom SAM, Emmerich B, Stal LJ, Huisman J. Low temperature delays timing and enhances the cost of nitrogen fixation in the unicellular cyanobacterium Cyanothece. THE ISME JOURNAL 2013; 7:2105-15. [PMID: 23823493 PMCID: PMC3806257 DOI: 10.1038/ismej.2013.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Revised: 05/19/2013] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Marine nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria are largely confined to the tropical and subtropical ocean. It has been argued that their global biogeographical distribution reflects the physiologically feasible temperature range at which they can perform nitrogen fixation. In this study we refine this line of argumentation for the globally important group of unicellular diazotrophic cyanobacteria, and pose the following two hypotheses: (i) nitrogen fixation is limited by nitrogenase activity at low temperature and by oxygen diffusion at high temperature, which is manifested by a shift from strong to weak temperature dependence of nitrogenase activity, and (ii) high respiration rates are required to maintain very low levels of oxygen for nitrogenase, which results in enhanced respiratory cost per molecule of fixed nitrogen at low temperature. We tested these hypotheses in laboratory experiments with the unicellular cyanobacterium Cyanothece sp. BG043511. In line with the first hypothesis, the specific growth rate increased strongly with temperature from 18 to 30 °C, but leveled off at higher temperature under nitrogen-fixing conditions. As predicted by the second hypothesis, the respiratory cost of nitrogen fixation and also the cellular C:N ratio rose sharply at temperatures below 21 °C. In addition, we found that low temperature caused a strong delay in the onset of the nocturnal nitrogenase activity, which shortened the remaining nighttime available for nitrogen fixation. Together, these results point at a lower temperature limit for unicellular nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria, which offers an explanation for their (sub)tropical distribution and suggests expansion of their biogeographical range by global warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena S Brauer
- Department of Aquatic Microbiology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Theoretical Biology, Center for Ecological and Evolutionary Studies, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Laboratoire Ecologie des Systèmes Marins Côtiers ECOSYM, UMR 5119, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, Université Montpellier 2, Montpellier, France
| | - Maayke Stomp
- Department of Aquatic Microbiology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Camillo Rosso
- Department of Aquatic Microbiology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sebastiaan AM van Beusekom
- Department of Aquatic Microbiology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Barbara Emmerich
- Department of Aquatic Microbiology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lucas J Stal
- Department of Aquatic Microbiology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Marine Microbiology, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ), Yerseke, The Netherlands
| | - Jef Huisman
- Department of Aquatic Microbiology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Cenci U, Chabi M, Ducatez M, Tirtiaux C, Nirmal-Raj J, Utsumi Y, Kobayashi D, Sasaki S, Suzuki E, Nakamura Y, Putaux JL, Roussel X, Durand-Terrasson A, Bhattacharya D, Vercoutter-Edouart AS, Maes E, Arias MC, Palcic M, Sim L, Ball SG, Colleoni C. Convergent evolution of polysaccharide debranching defines a common mechanism for starch accumulation in cyanobacteria and plants. THE PLANT CELL 2013; 25:3961-75. [PMID: 24163312 PMCID: PMC3877820 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.113.118174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Starch, unlike hydrosoluble glycogen particles, aggregates into insoluble, semicrystalline granules. In photosynthetic eukaryotes, the transition to starch accumulation occurred after plastid endosymbiosis from a preexisting cytosolic host glycogen metabolism network. This involved the recruitment of a debranching enzyme of chlamydial pathogen origin. The latter is thought to be responsible for removing misplaced branches that would otherwise yield a water-soluble polysaccharide. We now report the implication of starch debranching enzyme in the aggregation of semicrystalline granules of single-cell cyanobacteria that accumulate both glycogen and starch-like polymers. We show that an enzyme of analogous nature to the plant debranching enzyme but of a different bacterial origin was recruited for the same purpose in these organisms. Remarkably, both the plant and cyanobacterial enzymes have evolved through convergent evolution, showing novel yet identical substrate specificities from a preexisting enzyme that originally displayed the much narrower substrate preferences required for glycogen catabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugo Cenci
- Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8576, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Cité Scientifique, 59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq cedex, France
| | - Malika Chabi
- Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8576, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Cité Scientifique, 59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq cedex, France
| | - Mathieu Ducatez
- Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8576, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Cité Scientifique, 59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq cedex, France
| | - Catherine Tirtiaux
- Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8576, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Cité Scientifique, 59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq cedex, France
| | - Jennifer Nirmal-Raj
- Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8576, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Cité Scientifique, 59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq cedex, France
| | - Yoshinori Utsumi
- Department of Biological Production, Akita Prefectural University, Akita 010-0195, Japan
| | - Daiki Kobayashi
- Department of Biological Production, Akita Prefectural University, Akita 010-0195, Japan
| | - Satoshi Sasaki
- Department of Biological Production, Akita Prefectural University, Akita 010-0195, Japan
| | - Eiji Suzuki
- Department of Biological Production, Akita Prefectural University, Akita 010-0195, Japan
| | - Yasunori Nakamura
- Department of Biological Production, Akita Prefectural University, Akita 010-0195, Japan
| | - Jean-Luc Putaux
- Centre de Recherches sur Les Macromolécules Végétales (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), F-38041 Grenoble cedex 9, France (affiliated with Université Joseph Fourier and Member of Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Grenoble and Insitut Carnot PolyNat)
| | - Xavier Roussel
- Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8576, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Cité Scientifique, 59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq cedex, France
| | - Amandine Durand-Terrasson
- Centre de Recherches sur Les Macromolécules Végétales (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), F-38041 Grenoble cedex 9, France (affiliated with Université Joseph Fourier and Member of Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Grenoble and Insitut Carnot PolyNat)
| | - Debashish Bhattacharya
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Natural Resources, Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901
| | - Anne-Sophie Vercoutter-Edouart
- Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8576, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Cité Scientifique, 59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq cedex, France
| | - Emmanuel Maes
- Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8576, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Cité Scientifique, 59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq cedex, France
| | - Maria Cecilia Arias
- Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8576, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Cité Scientifique, 59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq cedex, France
| | | | - Lyann Sim
- Carlsberg Laboratory, Copenhagen V DK-1799, Denmark
| | - Steven G. Ball
- Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8576, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Cité Scientifique, 59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq cedex, France
| | - Christophe Colleoni
- Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8576, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Cité Scientifique, 59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq cedex, France
- Address correspondence to
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Ultradian metabolic rhythm in the diazotrophic cyanobacterium Cyanothece sp. ATCC 51142. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:13210-5. [PMID: 23878254 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1301171110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The unicellular cyanobacterium Cyanothece sp. American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) 51142 is capable of performing oxygenic photosynthesis during the day and microoxic nitrogen fixation at night. These mutually exclusive processes are possible only by temporal separation by circadian clock or another cellular program. We report identification of a temperature-dependent ultradian metabolic rhythm that controls the alternating oxygenic and microoxic processes of Cyanothece sp. ATCC 51142 under continuous high irradiance and in high CO2 concentration. During the oxygenic photosynthesis phase, nitrate deficiency limited protein synthesis and CO2 assimilation was directed toward glycogen synthesis. The carbohydrate accumulation reduced overexcitation of the photosynthetic reactions until a respiration burst initiated a transition to microoxic N2 fixation. In contrast to the circadian clock, this ultradian period is strongly temperature-dependent: 17 h at 27 °C, which continuously decreased to 10 h at 39 °C. The cycle was expressed by an oscillatory modulation of net O2 evolution, CO2 uptake, pH, fluorescence emission, glycogen content, cell division, and culture optical density. The corresponding ultradian modulation was also observed in the transcription of nitrogenase-related nifB and nifH genes and in nitrogenase activities. We propose that the control by the newly identified metabolic cycle adds another rhythmic component to the circadian clock that reflects the true metabolic state depending on the actual temperature, irradiance, and CO2 availability.
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Mohr W, Vagner T, Kuypers MMM, Ackermann M, LaRoche J. Resolution of Conflicting Signals at the Single-Cell Level in the Regulation of Cyanobacterial Photosynthesis and Nitrogen Fixation. PLoS One 2013; 8:e66060. [PMID: 23805199 PMCID: PMC3689712 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Unicellular, diazotrophic cyanobacteria temporally separate dinitrogen (N2) fixation and photosynthesis to prevent inactivation of the nitrogenase by oxygen. This temporal segregation is regulated by a circadian clock with oscillating activities of N2 fixation in the dark and photosynthesis in the light. On the population level, this separation is not always complete, since the two processes can overlap during transitions from dark to light. How do single cells avoid inactivation of nitrogenase during these periods? One possibility is that phenotypic heterogeneity in populations leads to segregation of the two processes. Here, we measured N2 fixation and photosynthesis of individual cells using nanometer-scale secondary ion mass spectrometry (nanoSIMS) to assess both processes in a culture of the unicellular, diazotrophic cyanobacterium Crocosphaera watsonii during a dark-light and a continuous light phase. We compared single-cell rates with bulk rates and gene expression profiles. During the regular dark and light phases, C. watsonii exhibited the temporal segregation of N2 fixation and photosynthesis commonly observed. However, N2 fixation and photosynthesis were concurrently measurable at the population level during the subjective dark phase in which cells were kept in the light rather than returned to the expected dark phase. At the single-cell level, though, cells discriminated against either one of the two processes. Cells that showed high levels of photosynthesis had low nitrogen fixing activities, and vice versa. These results suggest that, under ambiguous environmental signals, single cells discriminate against either photosynthesis or nitrogen fixation, and thereby might reduce costs associated with running incompatible processes in the same cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiebke Mohr
- Department of Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research (GEOMAR), Kiel, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Tomas Vagner
- Department of Biogeochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany
| | - Marcel M. M. Kuypers
- Department of Biogeochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany
| | - Martin Ackermann
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zürich, Switzerland
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Eawag, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Julie LaRoche
- Department of Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research (GEOMAR), Kiel, Germany
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Foster RA, Sztejrenszus S, Kuypers MMM. Measuring carbon and N2 fixation in field populations of colonial and free-living unicellular cyanobacteria using nanometer-scale secondary ion mass spectrometry(1). JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2013; 49:502-516. [PMID: 27007039 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2012] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Unicellular cyanobacteria are now recognized as important to the marine N and C cycles in open ocean gyres, yet there are few direct in situ measurements of their activities. Using a high-resolution nanometer scale secondary ion mass spectrometer (nanoSIMS), single cell N2 and C fixation rates were estimated for unicellular cyanobacteria resembling N2 fixer Crocosphaera watsonii. Crocosphaera watsonii-like cells were observed in the subtropical North Pacific gyre (22°45' N, 158°0' W) as 2 different phenotypes: colonial and free-living. Colonies containing 3-242 cells per colony were observed and cell density in colonies increased with incubation time. Estimated C fixation rates were similarly high in both phenotypes and unexpectedly for unicellular cyanobacteria 85% of the colonial cells incubated during midday were also enriched in (15) N above natural abundance. Highest (15) N enrichment and N2 fixation rates were found in cells incubated overnight where up to 64% of the total daily fixed N in the upper surface waters was attributed to both phenotypes. The colonial cells retained newly fixed C in a sulfur-rich matrix surrounding the cells and often cells of both phenotypes possessed areas (<1 nm) of enriched (15) N and (13) C resembling storage granules. The nanoSIMS imaging of the colonial cells also showed evidence for a division of N2 and C fixation activity across the colony where few individual cells (<34%) in a given colony were enriched in both (15) N and (13) C above the colony average. Our results provide new insights into the ecophysiology of unicellular cyanobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A Foster
- Department of Biogeochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Celsiusstr 1, Bremen, D-28359, Germany
| | - Saar Sztejrenszus
- Department of Biogeochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Celsiusstr 1, Bremen, D-28359, Germany
| | - Marcel M M Kuypers
- Department of Biogeochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Celsiusstr 1, Bremen, D-28359, Germany
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Krishnakumar S, Gaudana SB, Viswanathan GA, Pakrasi HB, Wangikar PP. Rhythm of carbon and nitrogen fixation in unicellular cyanobacteria under turbulent and highly aerobic conditions. Biotechnol Bioeng 2013; 110:2371-9. [PMID: 23456695 DOI: 10.1002/bit.24882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Revised: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Nitrogen fixing cyanobacteria are being increasingly explored for nitrogenase-dependent hydrogen production. Commercial success however will depend on the ability to grow these cultures at high cell densities. Photo-limitation at high cell densities leads to hindered photoautotrophic growth while turbulent conditions, which simulate flashing light effect, can lead to oxygen toxicity to the nitrogenase enzyme. Cyanothece sp. strain ATCC 51142, a known hydrogen producer, is reported to grow and fix nitrogen under moderately oxic conditions in shake flasks. In this study, we explore the growth and nitrogen fixing potential of this organism under turbulent conditions with volumetric oxygen mass transfer coefficient (KL a) values that are up to 20-times greater than in shake flasks. In a stirred vessel, the organism grows well in turbulent regime possibly due to a simulated flashing light effect with optimal growth at Reynolds number of approximately 35,000. A respiratory burst lasting for about 4 h creates anoxic conditions intracellularly with near saturating levels of dissolved oxygen in the extracellular medium. This is concomitant with complete exhaustion of intracellular glycogen storage and upregulation of nifH and nifX, the genes encoding proteins of the nitrogenase complex. Further, the rhythmic oscillations in exhaust gas CO2 and O2 profiles synchronize faithfully with those in biochemical parameters and gene expression thereby serving as an effective online monitoring tool. These results will have important implications in potential commercial success of nitrogenase-dependent hydrogen production by cyanobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Krishnakumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, India
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