1
|
Li W, Ma X, Yong YC, Liu G, Yang Z. Review of paper-based microfluidic analytical devices for in-field testing of pathogens. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1278:341614. [PMID: 37709421 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Pathogens cause various infectious diseases and high morbidity and mortality which is a global public health threat. The highly sensitive and specific detection is of significant importance for the effective treatment and intervention to minimise the impact. However, conventional detection methods including culture and molecular method gravely depend on expensive equipment and well-trained skilled personnel, limiting in the laboratory. It remains challenging to adapt in resource-limiting areas, e.g., low and middle-income countries (LMICs). To this end, low-cost, rapid, and sensitive detection tools with the capability of field testing e.g., a portable device for identification and quantification of pathogens, has attracted increasing attentions. Recently, paper-based microfluidic analytical devices (μPADs) have shown a promising tool for rapid and on-site diagnosis, providing a cost-effective and sensitive analytical approach for pathogens detection. The fast turn-round data collection may also contribute to better understanding of the risks and insights on mitigation method. In this paper, critical developments of μPADs for in-field detection of pathogens both for clinical diagnostics and environmental surveillance are reviewed. The future development, and challenges of μPADs for rapid and onsite detection of pathogens are discussed, including using the cross-disciplinary development with, emerging techniques such as deep learning and Internet of Things (IoT).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenliang Li
- School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield, MK43 0AL, Bedford, United Kingdom
| | - Xuanye Ma
- School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield, MK43 0AL, Bedford, United Kingdom
| | - Yang-Chun Yong
- Biofuels Institute, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, School of Emergency Management & School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Guozhen Liu
- School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172, China
| | - Zhugen Yang
- School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield, MK43 0AL, Bedford, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kausar A. Carbohydrate polymer derived nanocomposites: design, features and potential for biomedical applications. POLYM-PLAST TECH MAT 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/25740881.2022.2121221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Kausar
- National Center for Physics, Quaid-i-Azam University Campus, Islamabad, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Abdelaziz AA, Kamer AMA, Al-Monofy KB, Al-Madboly LA. A purified and lyophilized Pseudomonas aeruginosa derived pyocyanin induces promising apoptotic and necrotic activities against MCF-7 human breast adenocarcinoma. Microb Cell Fact 2022; 21:262. [PMID: 36528623 PMCID: PMC9759863 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-022-01988-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pyocyanin, a specific extracellular secondary metabolite pigment produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, exhibits redox activity and has toxic effects on mammalian cells, making it a new and potent alternative for treating cancer. Breast cancer (BC) treatment is now defied by acquired and de novo resistance to chemotherapy, radiation, or targeted therapies. Therefore, the anticancer activity of purified and characterized pyocyanin was examined against BC in our study. RESULTS The maximum production of pyocyanin (53 µg/ml) was achieved by incubation of the highest pyocyanin-producing P. aeruginosa strain (P32) in pH-adjusted peptone water supplemented with 3% cetrimide under shaking conditions at 37 °C for 3 days. The high purity of the extracted pyocyanin was proven by HPLC against standard pyocyanin. The stability of pyocyanin was affected by the solvent in which it was stored. Therefore, the purified pyocyanin extract was lyophilized to increase its shelf-life up to one year. Using the MTT assay, we reported, for the first time, the cytotoxic effect of pyocyanin against human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) with IC50 = 15 μg/ml while it recorded a safe concentration against human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). The anticancer potential of pyocyanin against MCF-7 was associated with its apoptotic and necrotic activities which were confirmed qualitatively and quantitively using confocal laser scanning microscopy, inverted microscopy, and flow cytometry. Caspase-3 measurements, using real-time PCR and western blot, revealed that pyocyanin exerted its apoptotic activity against MCF-7 through caspase-3 activation. CONCLUSION Our work demonstrated that pyocyanin may be an ideal anticancer candidate, specific to cancer cells, for treating MCF-7 by its necrotic and caspase-3-dependent apoptotic activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A. Abdelaziz
- grid.412258.80000 0000 9477 7793Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Amal M. Abo Kamer
- grid.412258.80000 0000 9477 7793Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Khaled B. Al-Monofy
- grid.412258.80000 0000 9477 7793Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Lamiaa A. Al-Madboly
- grid.412258.80000 0000 9477 7793Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
LuTheryn G, Hind C, Campbell C, Crowther A, Wu Q, Keller SB, Glynne-Jones P, Sutton JM, Webb JS, Gray M, Wilks SA, Stride E, Carugo D. Bactericidal and anti-biofilm effects of uncharged and cationic ultrasound-responsive nitric oxide microbubbles on Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:956808. [PMID: 35992170 PMCID: PMC9386126 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.956808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial biofilms are a major and ongoing concern for public health, featuring both inherited genetic resistance traits and a conferred innate tolerance to traditional antibiotic therapies. Consequently, there is a growing need for novel methods of drug delivery, to increase the efficacy of antimicrobial agents. This research evaluated the anti-biofilm and bactericidal effects of ultrasound responsive gas-microbubbles (MBs) of either air or nitric oxide, using an in vitro Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm model grown in artificial wound medium. The four lipid-based MB formulations evaluated were room-air MBs (RAMBs) and nitric oxide MBs (NOMBs) with no electrical charge, as well as cationic (+) RAMBs+ and NOMBs+. Two principal treatment conditions were used: i) ultrasound stimulated MBs only, and ii) ultrasound stimulated MBs with a sub-inhibitory concentration (4 µg/mL) of the antibiotic gentamicin. The total treatment time was divided into a 60 second passive MB interaction period prior to 40 second ultrasound exposure; each MB formulation was tested in triplicate. Ultrasound stimulated RAMBs and NOMBs without antibiotic achieved reductions in biofilm biomass of 93.3% and 94.0%, respectively. Their bactericidal efficacy however was limited, with a reduction in culturable cells of 26.9% and 65.3%, respectively. NOMBs with sub-inhibitory antibiotic produced the most significant reduction in biofilm biomass, corresponding to a 99.9% (SD ± 5.21%); and a 99.9% (SD ± 0.07%) (3-log) reduction in culturable bacterial cells. Cationic MBs were initially manufactured to promote binding of MBs to negatively charged biofilms, but these formulations also demonstrated intrinsic bactericidal properties. In the absence of antibiotic, the bactericidal efficacy of RAMB+ and NOMB+ was greater that of uncharged counterparts, reducing culturable cells by 84.7% and 86.1% respectively; increasing to 99.8% when combined with antibiotic. This study thus demonstrates the anti-biofilm and bactericidal utility of ultrasound stimulated MBs, and specifically is the first to demonstrate the efficacy of a NOMB for the dispersal and potentiation of antibiotics against bacterial biofilms in vitro. Importantly the biofilm system and complex growth-medium were selected to recapitulate key morphological features of in vivo biofilms. The results us offer new insight for the development of new clinical treatments, for example, in chronic wounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gareth LuTheryn
- University College London (UCL) School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Gareth LuTheryn, ; ; Dario Carugo, ;
| | - Charlotte Hind
- Healthcare Biotechnology, United Kingdom Health Security Agency (UKHSA), Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Campbell
- Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Aaron Crowther
- University College London (UCL) School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Qiang Wu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sara B. Keller
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Glynne-Jones
- Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - J. Mark Sutton
- Healthcare Biotechnology, United Kingdom Health Security Agency (UKHSA), Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy S. Webb
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, National Biofilms Innovation Centre (NBIC) and Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Gray
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sandra A. Wilks
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Eleanor Stride
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Dario Carugo
- University College London (UCL) School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Gareth LuTheryn, ; ; Dario Carugo, ;
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
McLean C, Brown K, Windmill J, Dennany L. Innovations In Point-Of-Care Electrochemical Detection Of Pyocyanin. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2022.116649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
6
|
Schneider S, Ettenauer J, Pap IJ, Aspöck C, Walochnik J, Brandl M. Main Metabolites of Pseudomonas aeruginosa: A Study of Electrochemical Properties. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:s22134694. [PMID: 35808191 PMCID: PMC9269063 DOI: 10.3390/s22134694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a ubiquitously distributed soil and water bacterium and is considered an opportunistic pathogen in hospitals. In cystic fibrosis patients, for example, infections with P. aeruginosa can be severe and often lead to chronic or even fatal pneumonia. Therefore, rapid detection and further identification are of major importance in hospital hygiene and infection control. This work shows the electrochemical properties of five P. aeruginosa key metabolites considering their potential use as specific signaling agents in an electrochemical sensor system. The pure solutes of pyocyanin (PYO), Pseudomonas quinolone signal (PQS), pyochelin (PCH), 2-heptyl-4-hydroxyquinoline (HHQ), and 2-heptyl-4-hydroxyquinoline N-oxide (HQNO) were analyzed by different electrochemical techniques (cyclic and square wave voltammetry) and measured using a Gamry Reference 600+ potentiostat. Screen-printed electrodes (DropSens DRP110; carbon working and counter, silver reference electrode) were used to determine signal specificities, detection limits, as well as pH dependencies of the substances. All of the compounds were electrochemically inducible with well-separated oxidation and/or reduction peaks at specific peak potentials relative to the reference electrode. Additionally, all analytes exhibited linear concentration dependency in ranges classically reported in the literature. The demonstration of these properties is a promising step toward direct multiplexed detection of P. aeruginosa in environmental and clinical samples and thus, can make a significant contribution to public health and safety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Schneider
- Department for Integrated Sensor Systems, University for Continuing Education Krems, 3500 Krems, Austria; (J.E.); (M.B.)
| | - Jörg Ettenauer
- Department for Integrated Sensor Systems, University for Continuing Education Krems, 3500 Krems, Austria; (J.E.); (M.B.)
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ildiko-Julia Pap
- Clinical Institute for Hygiene and Microbiology, University Hospital St. Poelten, 3100 Sankt Poelten, Austria; (I.-J.P.); (C.A.)
- Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, 3500 Krems, Austria
| | - Christoph Aspöck
- Clinical Institute for Hygiene and Microbiology, University Hospital St. Poelten, 3100 Sankt Poelten, Austria; (I.-J.P.); (C.A.)
- Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, 3500 Krems, Austria
| | - Julia Walochnik
- Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Martin Brandl
- Department for Integrated Sensor Systems, University for Continuing Education Krems, 3500 Krems, Austria; (J.E.); (M.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
GÜRAĞAÇ DERELİ FT, ÖNEM E, ÖZAYDIN AG, ARIN E, MUHAMMED MT. Persea americana Mill.: As a potent quorum sensing inhibitor of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 virulence. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SECONDARY METABOLITE 2022. [DOI: 10.21448/ijsm.1029610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
|
8
|
Monteagudo-Cascales E, Santero E, Canosa I. The Regulatory Hierarchy Following Signal Integration by the CbrAB Two-Component System: Diversity of Responses and Functions. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13020375. [PMID: 35205417 PMCID: PMC8871633 DOI: 10.3390/genes13020375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
CbrAB is a two-component system, unique to bacteria of the family Pseudomonaceae, capable of integrating signals and involved in a multitude of physiological processes that allow bacterial adaptation to a wide variety of varying environmental conditions. This regulatory system provides a great metabolic versatility that results in excellent adaptability and metabolic optimization. The two-component system (TCS) CbrA-CbrB is on top of a hierarchical regulatory cascade and interacts with other regulatory systems at different levels, resulting in a robust output. Among the regulatory systems found at the same or lower levels of CbrAB are the NtrBC nitrogen availability adaptation system, the Crc/Hfq carbon catabolite repression cascade in Pseudomonas, or interactions with the GacSA TCS or alternative sigma ECF factor, such as SigX. The interplay between regulatory mechanisms controls a number of physiological processes that intervene in important aspects of bacterial adaptation and survival. These include the hierarchy in the use of carbon sources, virulence or resistance to antibiotics, stress response or definition of the bacterial lifestyle. The multiple actions of the CbrAB TCS result in an important competitive advantage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Eduardo Santero
- Departamento de Biología Molecular e Ingeniería Bioquímica, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, CSIC, Junta de Andalucía, 41013 Seville, Spain;
| | - Inés Canosa
- Departamento de Biología Molecular e Ingeniería Bioquímica, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, CSIC, Junta de Andalucía, 41013 Seville, Spain;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-954349052
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Spiga L, Jimenez AG, Santos RL, Winter SE. How microbiological tests reflect bacterial pathogenesis and host adaptation. Braz J Microbiol 2021; 52:1745-1753. [PMID: 34251610 PMCID: PMC8578236 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-021-00571-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Historically, clinical microbiological laboratories have often relied on isolation of pure cultures and phenotypic testing to identify microorganisms. These clinical tests are often based on specific biochemical reactions, growth characteristics, colony morphology, and other physiological aspects. The features used for identification in clinical laboratories are highly conserved and specific for a given group of microbes. We speculate that these features might be the result of evolutionary selection and thus may reflect aspects of the life cycle of the organism and pathogenesis. Indeed, several of the metabolic pathways targeted by diagnostic tests in some cases may represent mechanisms for host colonization or pathogenesis. Examples include, but are not restricted to, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella enterica, Shigella spp., and enteroinvasive Escherichia coli (EIEC). Here, we provide an overview of how some common tests reflect molecular mechanisms of bacterial pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luisella Spiga
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Angel G Jimenez
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Renato L Santos
- Departamento de Clínica E Cirurgia Veterinárias, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Sebastian E Winter
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sabat AJ, Pantano D, Akkerboom V, Bathoorn E, Friedrich AW. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus virulence factors as biomarkers of infection. Biol Chem 2021; 402:1565-1573. [PMID: 34505460 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2021-0243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The gold standard for the diagnosis of bacterial infections in clinical samples is based on culture tests that are time-consuming and labor-intense. For these reasons, an extraordinary effort has been made to identify biomarkers as the tools for sensitive, rapid and accurate identification of pathogenic microorganisms. Moreover, biomarkers have been tested to distinguish colonization from infection, monitor disease progression, determine the clinical status of patients or predict clinical outcomes. This mini-review describes Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus biomarkers, which contribute to pathogenesis and have been used in culture-independent bacterial identification directly from patient samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Artur J Sabat
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, NL-9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Daniele Pantano
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, NL-9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Viktoria Akkerboom
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, NL-9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Erik Bathoorn
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, NL-9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander W Friedrich
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, NL-9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ambreetha S, Marimuthu P, Mathee K, Balachandar D. Rhizospheric and endophytic Pseudomonas aeruginosa in edible vegetable plants share molecular and metabolic traits with clinical isolates. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 132:3226-3248. [PMID: 34608722 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
AIM Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a leading opportunistic pathogen causing hospital-acquired infections, is also commonly found in agricultural settings. However, there are minimal attempts to examine the molecular and functional attributes shared by agricultural and clinical strains of P. aeruginosa. This study investigates the presence of P. aeruginosa in edible vegetable plants (including salad vegetables) and analyses the evolutionary and metabolic relatedness of the agricultural and clinical strains. METHODS AND RESULTS Eighteen rhizospheric and endophytic P. aeruginosa strains were isolated from cucumber, tomato, eggplant, and chili directly from the farms. The identity of these strains was confirmed using biochemical and molecular assays. The genetic and metabolic traits of these plant-associated P. aeruginosa isolates were compared with clinical strains. DNA fingerprinting and 16S rDNA-based phylogenetic analyses revealed that the plant- and human-associated strains are evolutionarily related. Both agricultural and clinical isolates possessed plant-beneficial properties, including mineral solubilization to release essential nutrients (phosphorous, potassium, and zinc), ammonification, and the ability to release extracellular pyocyanin, siderophore, and indole-3 acetic acid. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that rhizospheric and endophytic P. aeruginosa strains are genetically and functionally analogous to the clinical isolates. In addition, the genotypic and phenotypic traits do not correlate with plant sources or ecosystems. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study reconfirms that edible plants are the potential source for human and animal transmission of P. aeruginosa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sakthivel Ambreetha
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.,Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Ponnusamy Marimuthu
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kalai Mathee
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA.,Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Dananjeyan Balachandar
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Pugia M, Bose T, Tjioe M, Frabutt D, Baird Z, Cao Z, Vorsilak A, McLuckey I, Barron MR, Barron M, Denys G, Carpenter J, Das A, Kaur K, Roy S, Sen CK, Deiss F. Multiplexed Signal Ion Emission Reactive Release Amplification (SIERRA) Assay for the Culture-Free Detection of Gram-Negative and Gram-Positive Bacteria and Antimicrobial Resistance Genes. Anal Chem 2021; 93:6604-6612. [PMID: 33819029 PMCID: PMC9097648 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c00453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The global prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria has increased the risk of dangerous infections, requiring rapid diagnosis and treatment. The standard method for diagnosis of bacterial infections remains dependent on slow culture-based methods, carried out in central laboratories, not easily extensible to rapid identification of organisms, and thus not optimal for timely treatments at the point-of-care (POC). Here, we demonstrate rapid detection of bacteria by combining electrochemical immunoassays (EC-IA) for pathogen identification with confirmatory quantitative mass spectral immunoassays (MS-IA) based on signal ion emission reactive release amplification (SIERRA) nanoparticles with unique mass labels. This diagnostic method uses compatible reagents for all involved assays and standard fluidics for automatic sample preparation at POC. EC-IA, based on alkaline phosphatase-conjugated pathogen-specific antibodies, quantified down to 104 bacteria per sample when testing Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa lysates. EC-IA quantitation was also obtained for wound samples. The MS-IA using nanoparticles against S. aureus, E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and P. aeruginosa allowed selective quantitation of ∼105 bacteria per sample. This method preserves bacterial cells allowing extraction and amplification of 16S ribosomal RNA genes and antibiotic resistance genes, as was demonstrated through identification and quantitation of two strains of E. coli, resistant and nonresistant due to β-lactamase cefotaximase genes. Finally, the combined immunoassays were compared against culture using remnant deidentified patient urine samples. The sensitivities for these immunoassays were 83, 95, and 92% for the prediction of S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, and E. coli or K. pneumoniae positive culture, respectively, while specificities were 85, 92, and 97%. The diagnostic platform presented here with fluidics and combined immunoassays allows for pathogen isolation within 5 min and identification in as little as 15 min to 1 h, to help guide the decision for additional testing, optimally only on positive samples, such as multiplexed or resistance gene assays (6 h).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Pugia
- Bioanalytical Technologies, Indiana Biosciences Research Institute (IBRI), 1345 W. 16th Street, Suite #300, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Tiyash Bose
- Bioanalytical Technologies, Indiana Biosciences Research Institute (IBRI), 1345 W. 16th Street, Suite #300, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Marco Tjioe
- Bioanalytical Technologies, Indiana Biosciences Research Institute (IBRI), 1345 W. 16th Street, Suite #300, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Dylan Frabutt
- Bioanalytical Technologies, Indiana Biosciences Research Institute (IBRI), 1345 W. 16th Street, Suite #300, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Zane Baird
- Bioanalytical Technologies, Indiana Biosciences Research Institute (IBRI), 1345 W. 16th Street, Suite #300, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Zehui Cao
- Bioanalytical Technologies, Indiana Biosciences Research Institute (IBRI), 1345 W. 16th Street, Suite #300, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Anna Vorsilak
- Bioanalytical Technologies, Indiana Biosciences Research Institute (IBRI), 1345 W. 16th Street, Suite #300, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Ian McLuckey
- Bioanalytical Technologies, Indiana Biosciences Research Institute (IBRI), 1345 W. 16th Street, Suite #300, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - M Regina Barron
- Bioanalytical Technologies, Indiana Biosciences Research Institute (IBRI), 1345 W. 16th Street, Suite #300, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI), 402 N Blackford Street, LD326, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Monica Barron
- Bioanalytical Technologies, Indiana Biosciences Research Institute (IBRI), 1345 W. 16th Street, Suite #300, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI), 402 N Blackford Street, LD326, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Gerald Denys
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, IU Health Pathology Laboratory, Indiana University School of Medicine, 350 W. 11th Street, Room 6027B, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Jessica Carpenter
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, IU Health Pathology Laboratory, Indiana University School of Medicine, 350 W. 11th Street, Room 6027B, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Amitava Das
- Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine and Engineering (ICRME), IU Health Comprehensive Wound Center, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, 975 W. Walnut Street, Suite #444, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202,United States
| | - Karamjeet Kaur
- Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine and Engineering (ICRME), IU Health Comprehensive Wound Center, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, 975 W. Walnut Street, Suite #444, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202,United States
| | - Sashwati Roy
- Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine and Engineering (ICRME), IU Health Comprehensive Wound Center, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, 975 W. Walnut Street, Suite #444, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202,United States
| | - Chandan K Sen
- Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine and Engineering (ICRME), IU Health Comprehensive Wound Center, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, 975 W. Walnut Street, Suite #444, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202,United States
| | - Frédérique Deiss
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI), 402 N Blackford Street, LD326, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Alatraktchi FA, Svendsen WE, Molin S. Electrochemical Detection of Pyocyanin as a Biomarker for Pseudomonas aeruginosa: A Focused Review. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20185218. [PMID: 32933125 PMCID: PMC7570525 DOI: 10.3390/s20185218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) is a pathogen that is recognized for its advanced antibiotic resistance and its association with serious diseases such as ventilator-associated pneumonia and cystic fibrosis. The ability to rapidly detect the presence of pathogenic bacteria in patient samples is crucial for the immediate eradication of the infection. Pyocyanin is one of PA’s virulence factors used to establish infections. Pyocyanin promotes virulence by interfering in numerous cellular functions in host cells due to its redox-activity. Fortunately, the redox-active nature of pyocyanin makes it ideal for detection with simple electrochemical techniques without sample pretreatment or sensor functionalization. The previous decade has seen an increased interest in the electrochemical detection of pyocyanin either as an indicator of the presence of PA in samples or as a tool for quantifying PA virulence. This review provides the first overview of the advances in electrochemical detection of pyocyanin and offers an input regarding the future directions in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Winnie E. Svendsen
- Department of Biomedicine and Bioengineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs.-Lyngby, Denmark;
| | - Søren Molin
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs.-Lyngby, Denmark;
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ward AC, Dubey P, Basnett P, Lika G, Newman G, Corrigan DK, Russell C, Kim J, Chakrabarty S, Connolly P, Roy I. Toward a Closed Loop, Integrated Biocompatible Biopolymer Wound Dressing Patch for Detection and Prevention of Chronic Wound Infections. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:1039. [PMID: 32984295 PMCID: PMC7493637 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.01039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic wound infections represent a significant burden to healthcare providers globally. Often, chronic wound healing is impeded by the presence of infection within the wound or wound bed. This can result in an increased healing time, healthcare cost and poor patient outcomes. Thus, there is a need for dressings that help the wound heal, in combination with early detection of wound infections to support prompt treatment. In this study, we demonstrate a novel, biocompatible wound dressing material, based on Polyhydroxyalkanoates, doped with graphene platelets, which can be used as an electrochemical sensing substrate for the detection of a common wound pathogen, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Through the detection of the redox active secondary metabolite, pyocyanin, we demonstrate that a dressing can be produced that will detect the presence of pyocyanin across clinically relevant concentrations. Furthermore, we show that this sensor can be used to identify the presence of pyocyanin in a culture of P. aeruginosa. Overall, the sensor substrate presented in this paper represents the first step toward a new dressing with the capacity to promote wound healing, detect the presence of infection and release antimicrobial drugs, on demand, to optimized healing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C. Ward
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Prachi Dubey
- School of Life Sciences, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pooja Basnett
- School of Life Sciences, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom
| | - Granit Lika
- School of Life Sciences, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gwenyth Newman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Damion K. Corrigan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | - Jongrae Kim
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Samit Chakrabarty
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Patricia Connolly
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Ipsita Roy
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Ipsita Roy,
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Lemieux-Labonté V, Dorville NASY, Willis CKR, Lapointe FJ. Antifungal Potential of the Skin Microbiota of Hibernating Big Brown Bats ( Eptesicus fuscus) Infected With the Causal Agent of White-Nose Syndrome. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1776. [PMID: 32793178 PMCID: PMC7390961 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Little is known about skin microbiota in the context of the disease white-nose syndrome (WNS), caused by the fungus Pseudogymnoascus destructans (Pd), that has caused enormous declines of hibernating North American bats over the past decade. Interestingly, some hibernating species, such as the big brown bat (Eptesicus fuscus), appear resistant to the disease and their skin microbiota could play a role. However, a comprehensive analysis of the skin microbiota of E. fuscus in the context of Pd has not been done. In January 2017, we captured hibernating E. fuscus, sampled their skin microbiota, and inoculated them with Pd or sham inoculum. We allowed the bats to hibernate in the lab under controlled conditions for 11 weeks and then sampled their skin microbiota to test the following hypotheses: (1) Pd infection would not disrupt the skin microbiota of Pd-resistant E. fuscus; and (2) microbial taxa with antifungal properties would be abundant both before and after inoculation with Pd. Using high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing, we discovered that beta diversity of Pd-inoculated bats changed more over time than that of sham-inoculated bats. Still, the most abundant taxa in the community were stable throughout the experiment. Among the most abundant taxa, Pseudomonas and Rhodococcus are known for antifungal potential against Pd and other fungi. Thus, in contrast to hypothesis 1, Pd infection destabilized the skin microbiota but consistent with hypothesis 2, bacteria with known antifungal properties remained abundant and stable on the skin. This study is the first to provide a comprehensive survey of skin microbiota of E. fuscus, suggesting potential associations between the bat skin microbiota and resistance to the Pd infection and WNS. These results set the stage for future studies to characterize microbiota gene expression, better understand mechanisms of resistance to WNS, and help develop conservation strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicole A. S.-Y. Dorville
- Department of Biology, Centre for Forest Interdisciplinary Research, The University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Craig K. R. Willis
- Department of Biology, Centre for Forest Interdisciplinary Research, The University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
McEachern F, Harvey E, Merle G. Emerging Technologies for the Electrochemical Detection of Bacteria. Biotechnol J 2020; 15:e2000140. [PMID: 32388907 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202000140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Infections are a huge economic liability to the health care system, although real-time detection can allow early treatment protocols to avoid some of this cost and patient morbidity and mortality. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) is a drug-resistant gram-negative bacterium found ubiquitously in clinical settings, accounting for up to 27% of hospital acquired infections. PA secretes a vast array of molecules, ranging from secondary metabolites to quorum sensing molecules, of which many can be exploited to monitor bacterial presence. In addition to electrochemical immunoassays to sense bacteria via antigen-antibody interactions, PA pertains a distinct redox-active virulence factor called pyocyanin (PYO), allowing a direct electrochemical detection of the bacteria. There has been a surge of publications relating to the electrochemical tracing of PA via a myriad of novel biosensing techniques, materials, and methodologies. In addition to indirect methods, research approaches where PYO has been sensitively detected using surface modified electrodes are reviewed and compared with conventional PA-sensing methodologies. This review aims at presenting indirect and direct electrochemical methods currently developed using various surface modified electrodes, materials, and electrochemical configurations on their electrocatalytic effects on sensing of PA and in particular PYO.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francis McEachern
- Experimental Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 2B2, Canada
| | - Edward Harvey
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of medicine, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 0C5, Canada
| | - Geraldine Merle
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montreal, Polytechnique Montreal C.P. 6079, succ. Centre-ville, Montreal, H3C 3A7, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Vilaplana L, Marco MP. Phenazines as potential biomarkers of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections: synthesis regulation, pathogenesis and analytical methods for their detection. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:5897-5912. [PMID: 32462363 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02696-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Infectious diseases are still a worldwide important problem. This fact has led to the characterization of new biomarkers that would allow an early, fast and reliable diagnostic and targeted therapy. In this context, Pseudomonas aeruginosa can be considered one of the most threatening pathogens since it causes a wide range of infections, mainly in patients that suffer other diseases. Antibiotic treatment is not trivial given the incidence of resistance processes and the fewer new antibiotics that are placed on the market. With this scenario, relevant quorum sensing (QS) molecules that regulate the secretion of virulence factors and biofilm formation can play an important role in diagnostic and therapeutic issues. In this review, we have focused our attention on phenazines, as possible new biomarkers. They are pigmented metabolites that are produced by diverse bacteria, characterized for presenting unique redox properties. Phenazines are involved in virulence, competitive fitness and are an essential component of the bacterial QS system. Here we describe their role in bacterial pathogenesis and we revise phenazine production regulation systems. We also discuss phenazine levels previously reported in bacterial isolates and in clinical samples to evaluate them as putative good candidates to be used as P. aeruginosa infection biomarkers. Moreover we deeply go through all analytical techniques that have been used for their detection and also new approaches are discussed from a critical point. Graphical abstract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lluïsa Vilaplana
- Nanobiotechnology for Diagnostics (Nb4D), Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia, IQAC-CSIC, Jordi Girona, 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain. .,CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Jordi Girona, 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - M-Pilar Marco
- Nanobiotechnology for Diagnostics (Nb4D), Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia, IQAC-CSIC, Jordi Girona, 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Jordi Girona, 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Alatraktchi FA, Dimaki M, Støvring N, Johansen HK, Molin S, Svendsen WE. Nanograss sensor for selective detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by pyocyanin identification in airway samples. Anal Biochem 2020; 593:113586. [PMID: 31981486 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2020.113586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Pyocyanin is a virulence factor solely produced by the pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Pyocyanin is also a redox active molecule that can be directly detected by electrochemical sensing. A nanograss (NG) based sensor for sensitive quantification of pyocyanin in sputum samples from cystic fibrosis (CF) patients is presented here. The NG sensors were custom made in a cleanroom environment by etching nanograss topography on the electrode surface followed by depositing 200 nm gold. The NG sensors were utilized for amperometric quantification of pyocyanin in spiked hypertonic saline samples, resulting in a linear calibration curve with a R2 value of 0.9901 and a limit of detection of 172 nM. The NG sensors were applied in a small pilot test on five airway samples from five CF patients. The NG sensor was capable of identifying P. aeruginosa in the airway samples in 60 s without any sample pretreatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Dimaki
- Department of Bioengineering and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Nicolai Støvring
- Department of Bioengineering and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Helle Krogh Johansen
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Søren Molin
- Novo Nordisk Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Winnie E Svendsen
- Department of Bioengineering and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Highly specific Electrochemical Sensing of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in patients suffering from corneal ulcers: A comparative study. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18320. [PMID: 31797959 PMCID: PMC6892848 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54667-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the most common pathogenic gram-negative bacteria causing corneal ulcers globally. In severe cases, often after trauma and eye injury, corneal destruction progresses rapidly and may be completed within 24–48 h causing blindness. In our preliminary work, we have established an ultrasensitive polyaniline (PANI)/gold nanoparticles (Au NPs)/indium tin oxide (ITO) modified sensor for rapid detection of pyocyanin (PYO) in P. aeruginosa infections with a linear range from 238 μM to 1.9 μM and a detection limit of 500 nM. In the present study, we evaluated the efficiency of the established modified electrochemical sensor in the diagnosis of P. aeruginosa in 50 samples collected from patients suffering from corneal ulcers. The obtained results were compared with the results gained by the screen-printed electrode, conventional techniques, automated identification method, and the amplification of the 16 s rRNA gene by PCR as a gold standard test for P. aeruginosa identification. We have found that the electrochemical detection of PYO by square wave voltammetry technique using PANI/Au NPs modified ITO electrode was the only technique showing 100% agreement with the molecular method in sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values when compared with the SPE, conventional and automated methods.
Collapse
|
20
|
Simoska O, Sans M, Eberlin LS, Shear JB, Stevenson KJ. Electrochemical monitoring of the impact of polymicrobial infections on Pseudomonas aeruginosa and growth dependent medium. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 142:111538. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.111538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
|
21
|
Kohatsu H, Kamo S, Tomoshige S, Kuramochi K. Total Syntheses of Pyocyanin, Lavanducyanin, and Marinocyanins A and B. Org Lett 2019; 21:7311-7314. [PMID: 31461299 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b02601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Total syntheses of pyocyanin, lavanducyanin, and marinocyanins A and B have been accomplished. The N-substituted phenazin-1-one skeleton, a common framework of these natural products, was constructed through the oxidative condensation of pyrogallol with N-substituted benzene-1,2-diamine under an oxygen atmosphere in a single step. Regioselective bromination with N-bromosuccinimide at the C-2 position of N-alkylated phenazin-1-ones afforded brominated natural products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haruki Kohatsu
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology , Tokyo University of Science , 2641 Yamazaki , Noda , Chiba 278-8510 , Japan
| | - Shogo Kamo
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology , Tokyo University of Science , 2641 Yamazaki , Noda , Chiba 278-8510 , Japan
| | - Shusuke Tomoshige
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology , Tokyo University of Science , 2641 Yamazaki , Noda , Chiba 278-8510 , Japan
| | - Kouji Kuramochi
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology , Tokyo University of Science , 2641 Yamazaki , Noda , Chiba 278-8510 , Japan
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Simoska O, Sans M, Fitzpatrick MD, Crittenden CM, Eberlin LS, Shear JB, Stevenson KJ. Real-Time Electrochemical Detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Phenazine Metabolites Using Transparent Carbon Ultramicroelectrode Arrays. ACS Sens 2019; 4:170-179. [PMID: 30525472 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.8b01152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Here, we use a recently developed electrochemical sensing platform of transparent carbon ultramicroelectrode arrays (T-CUAs) for the in vitro detection of phenazine metabolites from the opportunistic human pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Specifically, redox-active metabolites pyocyanin (PYO), 5-methylphenazine-1-carboxylic acid (5-MCA), and 1-hydroxyphenazine (OHPHZ) are produced by P. aeruginosa, which is commonly found in chronic wound infections and in the lungs of cystic fibrosis patients. As highly diffusible chemicals, PYO and other metabolites are extremely toxic to surrounding host cells and other competing microorganisms, thus their detection is of great importance as it could provide insights regarding P. aeruginosa virulence mechanisms. Phenazine metabolites are known to play important roles in cellular functions; however, very little is known about how their concentrations fluctuate and influence cellular behaviors over the course of infection and growth. Herein we report the use of easily assembled, low-cost electrochemical sensors that provide rapid response times, enhanced sensitivity, and high reproducibility. As such, these T-CUAs enable real-time electrochemical monitoring of PYO and another extremely reactive and distinct redox-active phenazine metabolite, 5-methylphenazine-1-carboxylic acid (5-MCA), from a highly virulent laboratory P. aeruginosa strain, PA14. In addition to quantifying phenazine metabolite concentrations, changes in phenazine dynamics are observed in the biosynthetic route for the production of PYO. Our quantitative results, over a 48-h period, show increasing PYO concentrations during the first 21 h of bacterial growth, after which PYO levels plateau and then slightly decrease. Additionally, we explore environmental effects on phenazine dynamics and PYO concentrations in two growth media, tryptic soy broth (TSB) and lysogeny broth (LB). The maximum concentrations of cellular PYO were determined to be 190 ± 5 μM and 150 ± 1 μM in TSB and LB, respectively. Finally, using desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) and nanoelectrospray ionization (nano-ESI) mass spectrometry we confirm the detection and identification of reactive phenazine metabolites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olja Simoska
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station, Stop A5300, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Marta Sans
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station, Stop A5300, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Mignon D. Fitzpatrick
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station, Stop A5300, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Christopher M. Crittenden
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station, Stop A5300, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Livia S. Eberlin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station, Stop A5300, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Jason B. Shear
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station, Stop A5300, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Keith J. Stevenson
- Center for Electrochemical Energy Storage, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 3 Nobel Street, Moscow 143026, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Oziat J, Gougis M, Malliaras GG, Mailley P. Electrochemical Characterizations of four Main Redox-metabolites ofPseudomonas Aeruginosa. ELECTROANAL 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201600799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Oziat
- CEA, Leti, MINATEC Campus; Univ. Grenoble-Alpes; F-38000 Grenoble France
- Department of Bioelectronics; Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne; F-13541 Gardanne France
| | - Maxime Gougis
- CEA, Leti, MINATEC Campus; Univ. Grenoble-Alpes; F-38000 Grenoble France
| | - George G. Malliaras
- Department of Bioelectronics; Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne; F-13541 Gardanne France
| | - Pascal Mailley
- CEA, Leti, MINATEC Campus; Univ. Grenoble-Alpes; F-38000 Grenoble France
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Grover N, Plaks JG, Summers SR, Chado GR, Schurr MJ, Kaar JL. Acylase-containing polyurethane coatings with anti-biofilm activity. Biotechnol Bioeng 2016; 113:2535-2543. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.26019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Navdeep Grover
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado 80309
| | - Joseph G. Plaks
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado 80309
| | - Samantha R. Summers
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado 80309
| | - Garrett R. Chado
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado 80309
| | - Michael J. Schurr
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology; University of Colorado School of Medicine; Aurora Colorado
| | - Joel L. Kaar
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado 80309
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Sismaet HJ, Banerjee A, McNish S, Choi Y, Torralba M, Lucas S, Chan A, Shanmugam VK, Goluch ED. Electrochemical detection of Pseudomonas in wound exudate samples from patients with chronic wounds. Wound Repair Regen 2016; 24:366-72. [PMID: 26815644 PMCID: PMC4853203 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
In clinical practice, point-of-care diagnostic testing has progressed rapidly in the last decade. For the field of wound care, there is a compelling need to develop rapid alternatives for bacterial identification in the clinical setting, where it generally takes over 24 hours to receive a positive identification. Even new molecular and biochemical identification methods require an initial incubation period of several hours to obtain a sufficient number of cells prior to performing the analysis. Here we report the use of an inexpensive, disposable electrochemical sensor to detect pyocyanin, a unique, redox-active quorum sensing molecule released by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, in wound fluid from patients with chronic wounds enrolled in the WE-HEAL Study. By measuring the metabolite excreted by the cells, this electrochemical detection strategy eliminates sample preparation, takes less than a minute to complete, and requires only 7.5 μL of sample to complete the analysis. The electrochemical results were compared against 16S rRNA profiling using 454 pyrosequencing. Blind identification yielded 9 correct matches, 2 false negatives, and 3 false positives giving a sensitivity of 71% and specificity of 57% for detection of Pseudomonas. Ongoing enhancement and development of this approach with a view to develop a rapid point-of-care diagnostic tool is planned.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hunter J. Sismaet
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave, 313 Snell Engineering, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Anirban Banerjee
- Division of Rheumatology, Ideas to Health Laboratory, The George Washington University, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 701 Ross Hall, 2300 Eye Street, NW, Washington, DC 20037
| | - Sean McNish
- Division of Rheumatology, Ideas to Health Laboratory, The George Washington University, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 701 Ross Hall, 2300 Eye Street, NW, Washington, DC 20037
| | - Yongwook Choi
- The J. Craig Venter Institute, 9704 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD, 20850
| | - Manolito Torralba
- The J. Craig Venter Institute, 9704 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD, 20850
| | - Sarah Lucas
- The J. Craig Venter Institute, 9704 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD, 20850
| | - Agnes Chan
- The J. Craig Venter Institute, 9704 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD, 20850
| | - Victoria K. Shanmugam
- Division of Rheumatology, Ideas to Health Laboratory, The George Washington University, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 701 Ross Hall, 2300 Eye Street, NW, Washington, DC 20037
| | - Edgar D. Goluch
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave, 313 Snell Engineering, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Prabhu MS, Walawalkar YD, Furtado I. Purification and molecular and biological characterisation of the 1-hydroxyphenazine, produced by an environmental strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 30:3091-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-014-1736-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
27
|
|
28
|
Weiser R, Donoghue D, Weightman A, Mahenthiralingam E. Evaluation of five selective media for the detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa using a strain panel from clinical, environmental and industrial sources. J Microbiol Methods 2014; 99:8-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2014.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Revised: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
29
|
Jayaseelan S, Ramaswamy D, Dharmaraj S. Pyocyanin: production, applications, challenges and new insights. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 30:1159-68. [PMID: 24214679 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-013-1552-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic, Gram-negative bacterium and is one of the most commercially and biotechnologically valuable microorganisms. Strains of P. aeruginosa secrete a variety of redox-active phenazine compounds, the most well studied being pyocyanin. Pyocyanin is responsible for the blue-green colour characteristic of Pseudomonas spp. It is considered both as a virulence factor and a quorum sensing signalling molecule for P. aeruginosa. Pyocyanin is an electrochemically active metabolite, involved in a variety of significant biological activities including gene expression, maintaining fitness of bacterial cells and biofilm formation. It is also recognised as an electron shuttle for bacterial respiration and as an antibacterial and antifungal agent. This review summarises recent advances of pyocyanin production from P. aeruginosa with special attention to antagonistic property and bio-control activity. The review also covers the challenges and new insights into pyocyanin from P. aeruginosa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sheeba Jayaseelan
- Dr. Sir A. L. Mudaliar Vocational Arts and Science College, Vengal, 601103, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Xiang SR, Cook M, Saucier S, Gillespie P, Socha R, Scroggins R, Beaudette LA. Development of amplified fragment length polymorphism-derived functional strain-specific markers to assess the persistence of 10 bacterial strains in soil microcosms. Appl Environ Microbiol 2010; 76:7126-35. [PMID: 20817796 PMCID: PMC2976230 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00574-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2010] [Accepted: 08/27/2010] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
To augment the information on commercial microbial products, we investigated the persistence patterns of high-priority bacterial strains from the Canadian Domestic Substance List (DSL). Specific DNA markers for each of the 10 DSL bacterial strains were developed using the amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) technique, and the fates of DSL strains introduced in soil were assessed by real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR). The results indicated that all DNA markers had high specificity at the functional strain level and that detection of the target microorganisms was sensitive at a detection limitation range from 1.3 × 10² to 3.25 × 10⁵ CFU/g of dry soil. The results indicated that all introduced strains showed a trend toward a declining persistence in soil and could be categorized into three pattern types. The first type was long-term persistence exemplified by Pseudomonas stutzeri (ATCC 17587) and Pseudomonas denitrificans (ATCC 13867) strains. In the second pattern, represented by Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6051) and Escherichia hermannii (ATCC 700368), the inoculated strain populations dropped dramatically below the detection threshold after 10 to 21 days, while in the third pattern there was a gradual decrease, with the population falling below the detectable level within the 180-day incubation period. These patterns indicate a selection effect of a microbial community related to the ecological function of microbial strains introduced in soil. As a key finding, the DSL strains can be quantitatively tracked in soil with high sensitivity and specificity at the functional strain level. This provides the basic evidence for further risk assessment of the priority DSL strains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S.-R. Xiang
- Biological Assessment and Standardization Section, Science and Technology Branch, Environment Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0H3, Canada
| | - M. Cook
- Biological Assessment and Standardization Section, Science and Technology Branch, Environment Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0H3, Canada
| | - S. Saucier
- Biological Assessment and Standardization Section, Science and Technology Branch, Environment Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0H3, Canada
| | - P. Gillespie
- Biological Assessment and Standardization Section, Science and Technology Branch, Environment Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0H3, Canada
| | - R. Socha
- Biological Assessment and Standardization Section, Science and Technology Branch, Environment Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0H3, Canada
| | - R. Scroggins
- Biological Assessment and Standardization Section, Science and Technology Branch, Environment Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0H3, Canada
| | - L. A. Beaudette
- Biological Assessment and Standardization Section, Science and Technology Branch, Environment Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0H3, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Approaching intelligent infection diagnostics: Carbon fibre sensor for electrochemical pyocyanin detection. Bioelectrochemistry 2010; 77:114-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2009.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2009] [Revised: 07/08/2009] [Accepted: 07/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
32
|
Heinemeyer EA, Luden K. [Problems applying DIN EN 12780 for the detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in water from natural swimming pools and surface water]. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2009; 52:345-51. [PMID: 19259631 DOI: 10.1007/s00103-009-0797-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is a relevant pathogen to bathers and, therefore, water from natural swimming pools is analyzed for its presence. P. aeruginosa can be detected regularly in surface waters. Currently the methods described in DIN EN 12780 are recommended for the quantitative analysis of water from natural swimming pools, although this standard was developed for bottled water. The present study examines whether the recommendation is satisfactory. In 93 water samples from five natural swimming pools (Naturschwimmteiche), 3226 presumptive P. aeruginosa colonies were detected. Of the 3226 colonies, 101 were directly confirmed due to their formation of pyocyanin. From the remaining 3125 colonies, 349 representative samples were isolated and examined further. Using the criteria of DIN EN 12780 fluorescense and ammonia formation from acetamide, another 45 colonies were considered to be P. aeruginosa. 71% (32) of these 45 non-pyocyanin-forming strains could not be confirmed by the APINE system. None of the 32 strains grew at 42 degrees C, which is a characteristic feature of P. aeruginosa as mentioned in a note of DIN EN 12780. In 20 of the original samples, P. aeruginosa numbers exceeded the recommended limit value of 10/100 ml. Eleven cases (55 %) were caused by P. aeruginosa, which were not confirmed taxonomically. Due to insufficient selectivity, the method according to DIN EN 12780 is not applicable for the testing of surface waters and water from natural swimming pools. The high number of false positive results for P. aeruginosa questions the standard even further. It is suggested that for surface water samples growth of P. aeruginosa at 42 degrees C has to be checked as an additional confirmation characteristics of P. aeruginosa until a reliable standard is published.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E-A Heinemeyer
- Niedersächsisches Landesgesundheitsamt, Aussenstelle Aurich, Aurich, BRD.
| | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
A novel chromogenic medium for isolation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from the sputa of cystic fibrosis patients. J Cyst Fibros 2009; 8:143-9. [PMID: 19097827 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2008.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2008] [Revised: 11/11/2008] [Accepted: 11/12/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
34
|
Gohain N, Thomashow LS, Mavrodi DV, Blankenfeldt W. The purification, crystallization and preliminary structural characterization of FAD-dependent monooxygenase PhzS, a phenazine-modifying enzyme from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun 2006; 62:989-92. [PMID: 17012792 PMCID: PMC2225181 DOI: 10.1107/s1744309106034464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2006] [Accepted: 08/28/2006] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The blue chloroform-soluble bacterial metabolite pyocyanin (1-hydroxy-5-methyl-phenazine) contributes to the survival and virulence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, an important Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen of humans and animals. Little is known about the two enzymes, designated PhzM and PhzS, that function in the synthesis of pyocyanin from phenazine-1-carboxylic acid. In this study, the FAD-dependent monooxygenase PhzS was purified and crystallized from lithium sulfate/ammonium sulfate/sodium citrate pH 5.5. Native crystals belong to space group C2, with unit-cell parameters a = 144.2, b = 96.2, c = 71.7 A, alpha = gamma = 90, beta = 110.5 degrees. They contain two monomers of PhzS in the asymmetric unit and diffract to a resolution of 2.4 A. Seleno-L-methionine-labelled PhzS also crystallizes in space group C2, but the unit-cell parameters change to a = 70.6, b = 76.2, c = 80.2 A, alpha = gamma = 90, beta = 110.5 degrees and the diffraction limit is 2.7 A.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neelakshi Gohain
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Linda S. Thomashow
- Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-6430, USA
- USDA Agricultural Research Service, Root Disease and Biological Control Research Unit, Pullman, Washington 99164-6430, USA
| | - Dmitri V. Mavrodi
- Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-6430, USA
| | - Wulf Blankenfeldt
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
- Correspondence e-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Gohain N, Thomashow LS, Mavrodi DV, Blankenfeldt W. The purification, crystallization and preliminary structural characterization of PhzM, a phenazine-modifying methyltransferase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun 2006; 62:887-90. [PMID: 16946471 PMCID: PMC2242881 DOI: 10.1107/s1744309106029149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2006] [Accepted: 07/27/2006] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Pyocyanin, phenazine-1-carboxylic acid and more than 70 related compounds collectively known as phenazines are produced by various species of Pseudomonas, including the fluorescent pseudomonad P. aeruginosa, a Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen in humans and animals. P. aeruginosa synthesizes a characteristic blue water-soluble compound called pyocyanin (1-hydroxy-5-methyl-phenazine). Two enzymes designated PhzM and PhzS are involved in the terminal steps of its synthesis and very little is known about these enzymes. In this study, PhzM, a dimeric S-adenosylmethionine-dependent methyltransferase, was purified and crystallized from PEG 3350/sodium cacodylate/sodium citrate pH 6.5. The crystals belong to space group P1, with unit-cell parameters a = 46.1, b = 61.8, c = 69.6 A, alpha = 96.3, beta = 106.6, gamma = 106.9 degrees . They contain one dimer in the asymmetric unit and diffract to a resolution of 1.8 A. Anomalous data to 2.3 A resolution have been collected from seleno-L-methionine-labelled PhzM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neelakshi Gohain
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Linda S. Thomashow
- USDA Agricultural Research Service, Root Disease and Biological Control Research Unit, Pullman, Washington 99164-6430, USA
| | - Dmitri V. Mavrodi
- Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-6430, USA
| | - Wulf Blankenfeldt
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
- Correspondence e-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Allen L, Dockrell DH, Pattery T, Lee DG, Cornelis P, Hellewell PG, Whyte MKB. Pyocyanin Production byPseudomonas aeruginosaInduces Neutrophil Apoptosis and Impairs Neutrophil-Mediated Host Defenses In Vivo. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2005; 174:3643-9. [PMID: 15749902 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.174.6.3643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Clearance of neutrophils from inflamed sites is critical for resolution of inflammation, but pathogen-driven neutrophil apoptosis can impair host defenses. We previously showed that pyocyanin, a phenazine toxic metabolite produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, accelerates neutrophil apoptosis in vitro. We compared wild-type and pyocyanin-deficient strains of P. aeruginosa in a murine model of acute pneumonia. Intratracheal instillation of either strain of P. aeruginosa caused a rapid increase in bronchoalveolar lavage neutrophil counts up to 18 h after infection. In wild-type infection, neutrophil numbers then declined steadily, whereas neutrophil numbers increased up to 48 h in mice infected with pyocyanin-deficient P. aeruginosa. In keeping with these differences, pyocyanin production was associated with reduced bacterial clearance from the lungs. Neutrophil apoptosis was increased in mice infected with wild-type compared with the phenazine-deficient strain or two further strains that lack pyocyanin production, but produce other phenazines. Concentrations of potent neutrophil chemokines (MIP-2, KC) and cytokines (IL-6, IL-1beta) were significantly lower in wild-type compared with phenazine-deficient strain-infected mice at 18 h. We conclude that pyocyanin production by P. aeruginosa suppresses the acute inflammatory response by pathogen-driven acceleration of neutrophil apoptosis and by reducing local inflammation, and that this is advantageous for bacterial survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Allen
- Division of Clinical Sciences (North), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Felske ADM, Fehr W, Pauling BV, von Canstein H, Wagner-Döbler I. Functional profiling of mercuric reductase (mer A) genes in biofilm communities of a technical scale biocatalyzer. BMC Microbiol 2003; 3:22. [PMID: 14577839 PMCID: PMC270059 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-3-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2003] [Accepted: 10/27/2003] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bacterial mercury resistance is based on enzymatic reduction of ionic mercury to elemental mercury and has recently been demonstrated to be applicable for industrial wastewater clean-up. The long-term monitoring of such biocatalyser systems requires a cultivation independent functional community profiling method targeting the key enzyme of the process, the merA gene coding for the mercuric reductase. We report on the development of a profiling method for merA and its application to monitor changes in the functional diversity of the biofilm community of a technical scale biocatalyzer over 8 months of on-site operation. Results Based on an alignment of 30 merA sequences from Gram negative bacteria, conserved primers were designed for amplification of merA fragments with an optimized PCR protocol. The resulting amplicons of approximately 280 bp were separated by thermogradient gelelectrophoresis (TGGE), resulting in strain specific fingerprints for mercury resistant Gram negative isolates with different merA sequences. The merA profiling of the biofilm community from a technical biocatalyzer showed persistence of some and loss of other inoculum strains as well as the appearance of new bands, resulting in an overall increase of the functional diversity of the biofilm community. One predominant new band of the merA community profile was also detected in a biocatalyzer effluent isolate, which was identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The isolated strain showed lower mercury reduction rates in liquid culture than the inoculum strains but was apparently highly competitive in the biofilm environment of the biocatalyzer where moderate mercury levels were prevailing. Conclusions The merA profiling technique allowed to monitor the ongoing selection for better adapted strains during the operation of a biocatalyzer and to direct their subsequent isolation. In such a way, a predominant mercury reducing Ps. aeruginosa strain was identified by its unique mercuric reductase gene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas DM Felske
- GBF (German Research Center for Biotechnology), Division of Microbiology, Mascheroder Weg 1, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Wanda Fehr
- GBF (German Research Center for Biotechnology), Division of Microbiology, Mascheroder Weg 1, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Björg V Pauling
- GBF (German Research Center for Biotechnology), Division of Microbiology, Mascheroder Weg 1, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Harald von Canstein
- GBF (German Research Center for Biotechnology), Division of Microbiology, Mascheroder Weg 1, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Irene Wagner-Döbler
- GBF (German Research Center for Biotechnology), Division of Microbiology, Mascheroder Weg 1, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|