1
|
Hotinger JA, May AE. Antibodies Inhibiting the Type III Secretion System of Gram-Negative Pathogenic Bacteria. Antibodies (Basel) 2020; 9:antib9030035. [PMID: 32726928 PMCID: PMC7551047 DOI: 10.3390/antib9030035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic bacteria are a global health threat, with over 2 million infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria every year in the United States. This problem is exacerbated by the increase in resistance to common antibiotics that are routinely used to treat these infections, creating an urgent need for innovative ways to treat and prevent virulence caused by these pathogens. Many Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria use a type III secretion system (T3SS) to inject toxins and other effector proteins directly into host cells. The T3SS has become a popular anti-virulence target because it is required for pathogenesis and knockouts have attenuated virulence. It is also not required for survival, which should result in less selective pressure for resistance formation against T3SS inhibitors. In this review, we will highlight selected examples of direct antibody immunizations and the use of antibodies in immunotherapy treatments that target the bacterial T3SS. These examples include antibodies targeting the T3SS of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Yersinia pestis, Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, Shigella spp., and Chlamydia trachomatis.
Collapse
|
2
|
Abstract
Phage display antibody libraries have proven an invaluable resource for the isolation of diagnostic and potentially therapeutic antibodies, the latter usually being antibody fragments converted into IgG formats. Recent advances in the production of highly diverse and functional antibody libraries are considered here, including for Fabs, scFvs and nanobodies. These advances include codon optimisation during generation of CDR diversity, improved display levels using novel signal sequences, molecular chaperones and isomerases and the use of highly stable scaffolds with relatively high expression levels. In addition, novel strategies for the batch reformatting of scFv and Fab phagemid libraries, derived from phage panning, into IgG formats are described. These strategies allow the screening of antibodies in the end-use format, facilitating more efficient selection of potential therapeutics.
Collapse
|
3
|
Lowe-Power TM, Khokhani D, Allen C. How Ralstonia solanacearum Exploits and Thrives in the Flowing Plant Xylem Environment. Trends Microbiol 2018; 26:929-942. [PMID: 29941188 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The plant wilt pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum thrives in the water-transporting xylem vessels of its host plants. Xylem is a relatively nutrient-poor, high-flow environment but R. solanacearum succeeds there by tuning its own metabolism and altering xylem sap biochemistry. Flow influences many traits that the bacterium requires for pathogenesis. Most notably, a quorum sensing system mediates the pathogen's major transition from a rapidly dividing early phase that voraciously consumes diverse food sources and avidly adheres to plant surfaces to a slower-growing late phase that can use fewer nutrients but produces virulence factors and disperses effectively. This review discusses recent findings about R. solanacearum pathogenesis in the context of its flowing in planta niche, with emphasis on R. solanacearum metabolism in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany M Lowe-Power
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Current address: Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Devanshi Khokhani
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Current address: Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Caitilyn Allen
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang D, McAteer SP, Wawszczyk AB, Russell CD, Tahoun A, Elmi A, Cockroft SL, Tollervey D, Granneman S, Tree JJ, Gally DL. An RNA-dependent mechanism for transient expression of bacterial translocation filaments. Nucleic Acids Res 2018; 46:3366-3381. [PMID: 29432565 PMCID: PMC5909449 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gky096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The prokaryotic RNA chaperone Hfq mediates sRNA-mRNA interactions and plays a significant role in post-transcriptional regulation of the type III secretion (T3S) system produced by a range of Escherichia coli pathotypes. UV-crosslinking was used to map Hfq-binding under conditions that promote T3S and multiple interactions were identified within polycistronic transcripts produced from the locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE) that encodes the T3S system. The majority of Hfq binding was within the LEE5 and LEE4 operons, the latter encoding the translocon apparatus (SepL-EspADB) that is positively regulated by the RNA binding protein, CsrA. Using the identified Hfq-binding sites and a series of sRNA deletions, the sRNA Spot42 was shown to directly repress translation of LEE4 at the sepL 5' UTR. In silico and in vivo analyses of the sepL mRNA secondary structure combined with expression studies of truncates indicated that the unbound sepL mRNA is translationally inactive. Based on expression studies with site-directed mutants, an OFF-ON-OFF toggle model is proposed that results in transient translation of SepL and EspA filament assembly. Under this model, the nascent mRNA is translationally off, before being activated by CsrA, and then repressed by Hfq and Spot42.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dai Wang
- Division of Infection and Immunity, The Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH25 9RG, UK
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, South Xiangan Rd., Xiangan District, Xiamen, Fujian Province 361102, China
| | - Sean P McAteer
- Division of Infection and Immunity, The Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Agata B Wawszczyk
- Division of Infection and Immunity, The Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH25 9RG, UK
- Centre for Synthetic and Systems Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Clark D Russell
- Division of Infection and Immunity, The Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Amin Tahoun
- Division of Infection and Immunity, The Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH25 9RG, UK
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, 33516 Kafrel-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Alex Elmi
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, UK
| | - Scott L Cockroft
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, UK
| | - David Tollervey
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Sander Granneman
- Centre for Synthetic and Systems Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Jai J Tree
- Division of Infection and Immunity, The Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH25 9RG, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, NSW, Australia
| | - David L Gally
- Division of Infection and Immunity, The Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH25 9RG, UK
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lawan A, Jesse FFA, Idris UH, Odhah MN, Arsalan M, Muhammad NA, Bhutto KR, Peter ID, Abraham GA, Wahid AH, Mohd-Azmi ML, Zamri-Saad M. Mucosal and systemic responses of immunogenic vaccines candidates against enteric Escherichia coli infections in ruminants: A review. Microb Pathog 2018; 117:175-183. [PMID: 29471137 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Revised: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Innumerable Escherichia coli of animal origin are identified, which are of economic significance, likewise, cattle, sheep and goats are the carrier of enterohaemorrhagic E. coli, which are less pathogenic, and can spread to people by way of direct contact and through the contamination of foodstuff or portable drinking water, causing serious illness. The immunization of ruminants has been carried out for ages and is largely acknowledged as the most economical and maintainable process of monitoring E. coli infection in ruminants. Yet, only a limited number of E. coli vaccines are obtainable. Mucosal surfaces are the most important ingress for E. coli and thus mucosal immune responses function as the primary means of fortification. Largely contemporary vaccination processes are done by parenteral administration and merely limited number of E. coli vaccines are inoculated via mucosal itinerary, due to its decreased efficacy. Nevertheless, aiming at maximal mucosal partitions to stimulate defensive immunity at both mucosal compartments and systemic site epitomises a prodigious task. Enormous determinations are involved in order to improve on novel mucosal E. coli vaccines candidate by choosing apposite antigens with potent immunogenicity, manipulating novel mucosal itineraries of inoculation and choosing immune-inducing adjuvants. The target of E. coli mucosal vaccines is to stimulate a comprehensive, effective and defensive immunity by specifically counteracting the antibodies at mucosal linings and by the stimulation of cellular immunity. Furthermore, effective E. coli mucosal vaccine would make vaccination measures stress-free and appropriate for large number of inoculation. On account of contemporary advancement in proteomics, metagenomics, metabolomics and transcriptomics research, a comprehensive appraisal of the immeasurable genes and proteins that were divulged by a bacterium is now in easy reach. Moreover, there exist marvellous prospects in this bourgeoning technologies in comprehending the host bacteria affiliation. Accordingly, the flourishing knowledge could massively guarantee to the progression of immunogenic vaccines against E. coli infections in both humans and animals. This review highlight and expounds on the current prominence of mucosal and systemic immunogenic vaccines for the prevention of E. coli infections in ruminants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Lawan
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri, Nigeria.
| | - F F A Jesse
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Farm & Exotic Animals Medicine & Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - U H Idris
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri, Nigeria
| | - M N Odhah
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Thamar University, Yemen
| | - M Arsalan
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia; Livestock and Dairy Development Department Baluchistan, Pakistan
| | - N A Muhammad
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia
| | - K R Bhutto
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Veterinary Research & Diagnosis, Livestock and Fisheries Department, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - I D Peter
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri, Nigeria
| | - G A Abraham
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Farm & Exotic Animals Medicine & Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - A H Wahid
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - M L Mohd-Azmi
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia
| | - M Zamri-Saad
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hosseini ZS, Amani J, Baghbani Arani F, Nazarian S, Motamedi MJ, Shafighian F. Immunogenicity of the nanovaccine containing intimin recombinant protein in the BALB/c mice. Clin Exp Vaccine Res 2018; 7:51-60. [PMID: 29399580 PMCID: PMC5795045 DOI: 10.7774/cevr.2018.7.1.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Escherichia coli O157:H7 is one of the most important pathogens which create hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic uremic syndrome in human. It is one of the most prevalent causes of diarrhea leading to death of many people every year. The first diagnosed gene in the locus of enterocyte effacement pathogenicity island is eae gene. The product of this gene is a binding protein called intimin belonging to the group of external membrane proteins regarded as a good stimulants of the immune system. Chitosan with its lipophilic property is an environmentally friendly agent able to return to the environment. Materials and Methods Intimin recombinant protein was expressed in pET28a vector with eae gene and purification was performed using Ni-NTA and finally the recombinant protein was approved through western blotting. This protein was encapsulated using chitosan nanoparticles and the size of nanoparticles was measured by Zetasizer. Intimin encapsulated was prescribed for three sessions among three groups of oral, injection, and oral-injection using Chitosan nanoparticles. Challenge was performed for all three groups with 108E. coli O157:H7 bacteria. Results Intimin produced by chitosan nanoparticles improves immunological responses through the adjuvant nature of chitosan nanoparticles. Chitosan may be used as a carrier for transportation of the prescribed vaccine. Among the mice, encapsulated intimin could be able to provide suitable titers of IgG and IgA by the aid of chitosan nanoparticles. Results of mice challenge showed that decreased the bacterial shedding significantly. Conclusion Results showed that the chitosan nanovaccine with intimin protein may be used as a suitable candidate vaccine against E. coli O157:H7.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Sadat Hosseini
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, School of Biological Science, Varamin-Pishva Branch, Islamic Azad University, Varamin, Iran
| | - Jafar Amani
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Baghbani Arani
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, School of Biological Science, Varamin-Pishva Branch, Islamic Azad University, Varamin, Iran
| | - Shahram Nazarian
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Imam Hossain University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Fatemeh Shafighian
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Islamic Azad University (IAUPS), Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Newell DG, La Ragione RM. Enterohaemorrhagic and other Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC): Where are we now regarding diagnostics and control strategies? Transbound Emerg Dis 2018; 65 Suppl 1:49-71. [PMID: 29369531 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Escherichia coli comprises a highly diverse group of Gram-negative bacteria and is a common member of the intestinal microflora of humans and animals. Generally, such colonization is asymptomatic; however, some E. coli strains have evolved to become pathogenic and thus cause clinical disease in susceptible hosts. One pathotype, the Shiga toxigenic E. coli (STEC) comprising strains expressing a Shiga-like toxin is an important foodborne pathogen. A subset of STEC are the enterohaemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC), which can cause serious human disease, including haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS). The diagnosis of EHEC infections and the surveillance of STEC in the food chain and the environment require accurate, cost-effective and timely tests. In this review, we describe and evaluate tests now in routine use, as well as upcoming test technologies for pathogen detection, including loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) and whole-genome sequencing (WGS). We have considered the need for improved diagnostic tools in current strategies for the control and prevention of these pathogens in humans, the food chain and the environment. We conclude that although significant progress has been made, STEC still remains an important zoonotic issue worldwide. Substantial reductions in the public health burden due to this infection will require a multipronged approach, including ongoing surveillance with high-resolution diagnostic techniques currently being developed and integrated into the routine investigations of public health laboratories. However, additional research requirements may be needed before such high-resolution diagnostic tools can be used to enable the development of appropriate interventions, such as vaccines and decontamination strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D G Newell
- Department of Pathology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - R M La Ragione
- Department of Pathology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Khalouie F, Mousavi SL, Nazarian S, Amani J, Pourfarzam P. Immunogenic evaluation of chimeric recombinant protein against ETEC, EHEC and Shigella. MOLECULAR BIOLOGY RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2017; 6:101-112. [PMID: 29071279 PMCID: PMC5640892 DOI: 10.22099/mbrc.2017.4081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Diarrheal diseases still remain health problem worldwide and out of many bacteria responsible for, Shigella and pathogenic Escherichia cause the most diarrheas in the world. Shigellacause bacterial dysenteries and shigellosis through invasion where the most effective proteins for pathogenesis is Ipac. Critical virulence protein for ETEC infection is CFA/I with two subunits called cfab and cfae. . Attachment of EHEC is the main step of infection and the protein Intimin plays the key role in this function. Protection against the vast majority of responsible pathogens of diarrheas requires development of the combination vaccine against Shigella, ETEC and EHEC. In the present study, a multisubunitprotein (CII) containing immunologically significant parts of CfaB, IpaC and Intimin was designed. The chimeric gene (CII) was codon optimized and analyzed with different bioinformatic servers, then synthesized and expressed in E. coli. Mice, Guinea pig and, Caco-2 Cell line were used as challenge models for EHEC, shigella and ETEC respectively. The chimeric protein induced significant immune response and therefore could be a suitable vaccine candidate against these three pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farzane Khalouie
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Latif Mousavi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahram Nazarian
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Imam Hossein University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jafar Amani
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Poune Pourfarzam
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
We describe a method, single-step colony assay, for simple and rapid screening of single-chain Fv fragment (scFv) libraries. Colonies of Escherichia coli expressing the scFv library are formed on a hydrophilic filter that is positioned in contact with a membrane coated with an antigen. scFv expression is triggered upon treatment of colonies with an induction reagent, following which scFvs are secreted from the cells and diffused to the antigen-coated membrane. scFvs that exhibit binding affinity for the antigen are captured by the membrane-immobilized antigen. Lastly, detection of scFv binding of the antigen on the membrane allows identification of the clones on the filter that express antigen-specific scFvs. We tested this methodology by using an anti-rabbit IgG scFv, scFv(A10B), and a rat immune scFv library. Experiments conducted using scFv(A10B) revealed that this method improves scFv expression during the colony assay. By using our method to screen an immune library of 3×103 scFv clones, we established several clones exhibiting affinity for the antigen. Moreover, we tested 7 other antigens, including peptides, and successfully identified positive clones. We believe that this simple procedure and controlled scFv expression of the single-step colony assay could make the antibody screening both rapid and reliable and lead to successful isolation of positive clones from antibody libraries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mieko Kato
- Bio-Peak Co., Ltd., 584-70 Shimonojo, Takasaki, 370-0854 Japan
| | - Yoshiro Hanyu
- Structural Physiology Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, 305-8566 Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Novinrooz A, Zahraei Salehi T, Firouzi R, Arabshahi S, Derakhshandeh A. In-silico design, expression, and purification of novel chimeric Escherichia coli O157:H7 OmpA fused to LTB protein in Escherichia coli. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173761. [PMID: 28296951 PMCID: PMC5351874 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
E. coli O157:H7, one of the major EHEC serotypes, is capable of developing bloody diarrhea, hemorrhagic colitis (HC), and fatal hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) and is accompanied by high annual economic loss worldwide. Due to the increased risk of HC and HUS development following antibiotic therapy, the prevention of infections caused by this pathogen is considered to be one of the most effective ways of avoiding the consequences of this infection. The main aim of the present study was to design, express, and purify a novel chimeric protein to develope human vaccine candidate against E. coli O157:H7 containing loop 2–4 of E. coli O157:H7, outer membrane protein A (OmpA), and B subunit of E. coli heat labile enterotoxin (LTB) which are connected by a flexible peptide linker. Several online databases and bioinformatics software were utilized to choose the peptide linker among 537 analyzed linkers, design the chimeric protein, and optimize the codon of the relative gene encoding this protein. Subsequently, the recombinant gene encoding OmpA-LTB was synthesized and cloned into pET-24a (+) expression vector and transferred to E. coli BL21(DE3) cells. The expression of OmpA-LTB chimeric protein was then carried out by induction of cultured E. coli Bl21 (DE3) cells with 1mM isopropyl-β-D-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG). The purification of OmpA-LTB was then performed by nickel affinity chromatography. Expression and purification were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulphate poly acrylamide gel electrophoresis. Moreover, the identity of the expressed protein was analyzed by western blotting. SDS-PAGE and western immunoblotting confirmed the successful expression of a 27 KDa recombinant protein after 24 hours at 37°C post-IPTG induction. OmpA-LTB was then successfully purified, using nickel affinity chromatography under denaturing conditions. The yield of purification was 12 mg per liter of culture media. Ultimately, we constructed the successful design and efficient expression and purification of OmpA-LTB divalent under the above-mentioned conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aytak Novinrooz
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Taghi Zahraei Salehi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
- * E-mail:
| | - Roya Firouzi
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sina Arabshahi
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Abdollah Derakhshandeh
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Li D, Chen Z, Cheng H, Zheng JX, Pan WG, Yang WZ, Yu ZJ, Deng QW. Inhibition of Adhesion of Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli to HEp-2 Cells by Binding of a Novel Peptide to EspB Protein. Curr Microbiol 2016; 73:361-365. [PMID: 27246497 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-016-1070-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) is a major cause of infantile diarrhea in developing countries. The translocator EspB is a key virulence factor in the process of the attaching and effacing effect of EPEC and plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of the bacteria. In this study, we aimed to select the peptides binding to EspB protein by phage display library and further investigate whether these peptides can decrease the extent of invasion and virulence of EPEC on host cells by targeting to EspB protein. The expression and purification of EspB protein from E. coli was demonstrated by Western blotting. The Ph.D. 12-mer peptide phage display library was used to screen the candidate peptides binding specifically to EspB protein. Furthermore, the affinity of these candidate peptides bound to EspB was identified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Moreover, we investigated whether these screened peptides could decrease the adherence ratio of EPEC to HEp-2 cells with increasing concentration. Successful purification of EspB protein from pET21b-EspB-transformed E. coli was identified by Western blotting. Then, the candidate peptides including phages 6, 7, 8, and 12 were screened by the Ph.D. 12-mer peptide phage display library and ELISA test demonstrated that their affinity binding to EspB protein was high compared with the control. Functional analysis indicated that synthetic peptide-6 (YFPYSHTSPRQP) significantly decreased the adherence ratio of EPEC to HEp-2 cells with increasing concentration (P < 0.01). Peptide-6 (100 µg/mL) could lead to a 40 % decrease in the adherence ratio of EPEC to HEp-2 cells compared with control (P < 0.01). However, the other three peptides at different concentrations showed only a slight ability to block the adherence of EPEC to host cells. Our data provided a potential strategy to inhibit the adhesion of EPEC to epithelial cells by a candidate peptide targeted toward EspB protein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Duoyun Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Shenzhen Key Lab for Endogenous Infection, The Affiliated Shenzhen Nanshan Hospital, Guangdong Medical College, No 89 Taoyuan Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518052, China
| | - Zhong Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Shenzhen Key Lab for Endogenous Infection, The Affiliated Shenzhen Nanshan Hospital, Guangdong Medical College, No 89 Taoyuan Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518052, China
| | - Hang Cheng
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Shenzhen Key Lab for Endogenous Infection, The Affiliated Shenzhen Nanshan Hospital, Guangdong Medical College, No 89 Taoyuan Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518052, China
| | - Jin-Xin Zheng
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Shenzhen Key Lab for Endogenous Infection, The Affiliated Shenzhen Nanshan Hospital, Guangdong Medical College, No 89 Taoyuan Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518052, China
| | - Wei-Guang Pan
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Shenzhen Key Lab for Endogenous Infection, The Affiliated Shenzhen Nanshan Hospital, Guangdong Medical College, No 89 Taoyuan Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518052, China
| | - Wei-Zhi Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Shenzhen Key Lab for Endogenous Infection, The Affiliated Shenzhen Nanshan Hospital, Guangdong Medical College, No 89 Taoyuan Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518052, China
| | - Zhi-Jian Yu
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Shenzhen Key Lab for Endogenous Infection, The Affiliated Shenzhen Nanshan Hospital, Guangdong Medical College, No 89 Taoyuan Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518052, China.
| | - Qi-Wen Deng
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Shenzhen Key Lab for Endogenous Infection, The Affiliated Shenzhen Nanshan Hospital, Guangdong Medical College, No 89 Taoyuan Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518052, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ojima-Kato T, Fukui K, Yamamoto H, Hashimura D, Miyake S, Hirakawa Y, Yamasaki T, Kojima T, Nakano H. 'Zipbody' leucine zipper-fused Fab in E. coli in vitro and in vivo expression systems. Protein Eng Des Sel 2016; 29:149-57. [PMID: 26902097 DOI: 10.1093/protein/gzw001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A small antibody fragment, fragment of antigen binding (Fab), is favorable for various immunological assays. However, production efficiency of active Fab in microorganisms depends considerably on the clones. In this study, leucine zipper-peptide pairs that dimerize in parallel (ACID-p1 (LZA)/BASE-p1 (LZB) or c-Jun/c-Fos) were fused to the C-terminus of heavy chain (Hc, VH-CH1) and light chain (Lc, VL-CL), respectively, to accelerate the association of Hc and Lc to form Fab in Escherichia coli in vivo and in vitro expression systems. The leucine zipper-fused Fab named 'Zipbody' was constructed using anti-E. coli O157 monoclonal antibody obtained from mouse hybridoma and produced in both in vitro and in vivo expression systems in an active form, whereas Fab without the leucine zipper fusion was not. Similarly, Zipbody of rabbit monoclonal antibody produced in in vitro expression showed significant activity. The purified, mouse Zipbody produced in the E. coli strain Shuffle T7 Express had specificity toward the antigen; in bio-layer interferometry analysis, the KD value was measured to be 1.5-2.0 × 10(-8) M. These results indicate that leucine zipper fusion to Fab C-termini markedly enhances active Fab formation in E. coli.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teruyo Ojima-Kato
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan Knowledge Hub Aichi, Aichi Science and Technology Foundation, Yakusa-cho, Toyota 470-0356, Japan
| | - Kansuke Fukui
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Dai Hashimura
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Shiro Miyake
- Advanced Scientific Technology and Management Research Institute of Kyoto, Chudoji Minamimachi, Shimogyo-ku, Kyoto 600-8813, Japan
| | - Yuki Hirakawa
- Advanced Scientific Technology and Management Research Institute of Kyoto, Chudoji Minamimachi, Shimogyo-ku, Kyoto 600-8813, Japan
| | - Tomomi Yamasaki
- Advanced Scientific Technology and Management Research Institute of Kyoto, Chudoji Minamimachi, Shimogyo-ku, Kyoto 600-8813, Japan
| | - Takaaki Kojima
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Hideo Nakano
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
In approaching the development of a veterinary vaccine, researchers must choose from a bewildering array of options that can be combined to enhance benefit. The choice and combination of options is not just driven by efficacy, but also consideration of the cost, practicality, and challenges faced in licensing the product. In this review we set out the different choices faced by veterinary vaccine developers, highlight some issues, and propose some pressing needs to be addressed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Chambers
- Department of Pathology and Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7AL, UK.
- Department of Bacteriology, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Addlestone, Surrey, KT15 3NB, UK.
| | - Simon P Graham
- Department of Pathology and Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7AL, UK
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking, GU24 0NF, UK
| | - Roberto M La Ragione
- Department of Pathology and Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7AL, UK
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Gough KC, Maddison BC, Shikotra A, Moiseeva EP, Yang W, Jarvis S, Bradding P. Evidence for a novel Kit adhesion domain mediating human mast cell adhesion to structural airway cells. Respir Res 2015; 16:86. [PMID: 26173671 PMCID: PMC4501212 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-015-0245-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human lung mast cells (HLMCs) infiltrate the airway epithelium and airway smooth muscle (ASM) in asthmatic airways. The mechanism of HLMC adhesion to both cell types is only partly defined, and adhesion is not inhibited by function-blocking anti-Kit and anti-stem cell factor (SCF) antibodies. Our aim was to identify adhesion molecules expressed by human mast cells that mediate adhesion to human ASM cells (HASMCs) and human airway epithelial cells. METHODS We used phage-display to isolate single chain Fv (scFv) antibodies with adhesion-blocking properties from rabbits immunised with HLMC and HMC-1 membrane proteins. RESULTS Post-immune rabbit serum labelled HLMCs in flow cytometry and inhibited their adhesion to human BEAS-2B epithelial cells. Mast cell-specific scFvs were identified which labelled mast cells but not Jurkat cells by flow cytometry. Of these, one scFv (A1) consistently inhibited mast cell adhesion to HASMCs and BEAS-2B epithelial cells by about 30 %. A1 immunoprecipitated Kit (CD117) from HMC-1 lysates and bound to a human Kit-expressing mouse mast cell line, but did not interfere with SCF-dependent Kit signalling. CONCLUSION Kit contributes to human mast cell adhesion to human airway epithelial cells and HASMCs, but may utilise a previously unidentified adhesion domain that lies outside the SCF binding site. Targeting this adhesion pathway might offer a novel approach for the inhibition of mast cell interactions with structural airway cells, without detrimental effects on Kit signalling in other tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin C Gough
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, The University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, College Road, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK.
| | - Ben C Maddison
- ADAS UK, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, The University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, College Road, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK.
| | - Aarti Shikotra
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Institute for Lung Health, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.
| | - Elena P Moiseeva
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Institute for Lung Health, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.
| | - Weidong Yang
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Institute for Lung Health, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.
| | - Shila Jarvis
- ADAS UK, Biology Department, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK.
| | - Peter Bradding
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Institute for Lung Health, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK. .,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Glenfield Hospital, Groby Rd, Leicester, LE3 9QP, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ozaki CY, Silveira CRF, Andrade FB, Nepomuceno R, Silva A, Munhoz DD, Yamamoto BB, Luz D, Abreu PAE, Horton DSPQ, Elias WP, Ramos OHP, Piazza RMF. Single Chain Variable Fragments Produced in Escherichia coli against Heat-Labile and Heat-Stable Toxins from Enterotoxigenic E. coli. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0131484. [PMID: 26154103 PMCID: PMC4496030 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diarrhea is a prevalent pathological condition frequently associated to the colonization of the small intestine by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) strains, known to be endemic in developing countries. These strains can produce two enterotoxins associated with the manifestation of clinical symptoms that can be used to detect these pathogens. Although several detection tests have been developed, minimally equipped laboratories are still in need of simple and cost-effective methods. With the aim to contribute to the development of such diagnostic approaches, we describe here two mouse hybridoma-derived single chain fragment variable (scFv) that were produced in E. coli against enterotoxins of ETEC strains. METHODS AND FINDINGS Recombinant scFv were developed against ETEC heat-labile toxin (LT) and heat-stable toxin (ST), from previously isolated hybridoma clones. This work reports their design, construction, molecular and functional characterization against LT and ST toxins. Both antibody fragments were able to recognize the cell-interacting toxins by immunofluorescence, the purified toxins by ELISA and also LT-, ST- and LT/ST-producing ETEC strains. CONCLUSION The developed recombinant scFvs against LT and ST constitute promising starting point for simple and cost-effective ETEC diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Anderson Silva
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | | | - Bruno B. Yamamoto
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Daniela Luz
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | | | | | - Waldir P. Elias
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | | | - Roxane M. F. Piazza
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Praekelt U, Reissbrodt R, Kresse A, Pavankumar A, Sankaran K, James R, Jesudason M, Anandan S, Prakasam A, Balaji V, Dutta S, Dutta S, Ramamurthy T, Fischer R, Sander P, Schaumann R, Navarro A, Williams P. Monoclonal antibodies against all known variants of EspA: development of a simple diagnostic test for enteropathogenic Escherichia coli based on a key virulence factor. J Med Microbiol 2014; 63:1595-1607. [PMID: 25231626 PMCID: PMC4250835 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.076323-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) are a major cause of infant diarrhoea in developing countries and a significant public health issue in industrialized countries. Currently there are no simple tests available for the diagnosis of EPEC. Serology of O-antigens is widely used routinely in many laboratories throughout the world, even though it has been known for many years to be an unreliable indicator of EPEC virulence. We have developed a simple, low-cost immunodiagnostic test based on the EspA filament, an essential virulence factor of EPEC and the related enterohaemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC). Using recombinant proteins of the five major variants of EspA as immunogens, we raised a panel of three monoclonal antibodies in mice that detects all variants of the native target in bacterial cultures. The antibodies proved suitable for application in sandwich-type assays, including ELISA and lateral flow immunoassays (LFI). Prototypes for both assays were specific for EPEC and EHEC strains when tested against a panel of control micro-organisms. We have also developed a simple, affordable culture medium, A/E medium, which optimizes expression of EspA allowing improved sensitivity of detection compared with standard Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium. Together these reagents form the basis of robust, informative tests for EPEC for use especially in developing countries but also for routine screening in any clinical laboratory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Uta Praekelt
- Department of Genetics, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Rolf Reissbrodt
- Abteilung für Infektionskrankheiten, Robert Koch Institut, Wernigerode, Germany
| | - Andreas Kresse
- Abteilung für Infektionskrankheiten, Robert Koch Institut, Wernigerode, Germany
| | | | | | - Roger James
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Shanta Dutta
- National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India
| | - Sanjucta Dutta
- National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India
| | | | | | | | - Reiner Schaumann
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Armando Navarro
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Peter Williams
- Department of Genetics, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Rad HS, Mousavi SL, Rasooli I, Amani J, Nadooshan MRJ. EspA-Intimin chimeric protein, a candidate vaccine against Escherichia coli O157:H7. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY 2013; 5:244-51. [PMID: 24475331 PMCID: PMC3895562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 is an important enteric pathogen in human causing bloody or nonbloody diarrhea, which may be complicated by hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). Cattle are an important reservoir of EHEC. This research aims at vaccination with a divalent chimer protein composed of EspA120 and Intimin 282 and its preventive effect of EHEC O157 colonization in mice rectal epithelium. MATERIALS AND METHODS A divalent recombinant EspA-Intimin (EI) protein containing EspA120 and Intimin280 attached with a linker was amplified from a trivalent construct and cloned in pET-28a (+) vector. The immunization was conducted in mice after expression and purification of the recombinant EI (rEI). RESULTS Mice subcutaneously immunized with rEI, elicited significant rEI specific serum IgG antibodies and showed significantly decreased E.coli O157:H7 shedding compared to the control group. CONCLUSION The chimeric recombinant protein induced strong humoral response as well as protection against oral challenges with live E.coli O157:H7.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Sedighian Rad
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Baqiyatallah Medical Science University, Tehran
| | - Seyed Latif Mousavi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran, Corresponding author: Prof. Seyed Latif Mousavi, Address: Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahed University, Tehran-Qom Highway,Tehran, Iran. Tel: +98-21-51212600, Fax: +98-21-51212601. E-mail:
| | - Iraj Rasooli
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jafar Amani
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Baqiyatallah Medical Science University, Tehran
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Immunogenical Study of Chimeric Recombinant Intimin-Tir of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Mice. ARCHIVES OF CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2012. [DOI: 10.5812/archcid.14068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
19
|
Amani J, Mousavi SL, Rafati S, Salmanian AH. Immunogenicity of a plant-derived edible chimeric EspA, Intimin and Tir of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in mice. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2011; 180:620-7. [PMID: 21421410 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2011.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2010] [Revised: 12/26/2010] [Accepted: 01/05/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Transgenic plants offer the possibility to produce and deliver an oral immunogen on a large-scale with low production costs and minimal purification or enrichment. Cattles are important reservoirs of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and developing a specific immunity in animals would be invaluable. Intimin, Tir, and EspA proteins are the virulence factors expressed by LEE locus of enterohemorrhagic E. coli. We hypothesized that the chimeric recombinant forms of these effectors delivered as an edible-base vaccine would reduce colonization of bacteria in mice. A synthetic gene (eit) composed of espA (e), eae (i) and tir (t) attached by linkers was constructed. The gene was codon optimized and cloned into plant expression vectors adjacent to CaMV35S and FAE promoters for expression in tobacco and canola plants. Of total soluble protein 0.2% and 0.3% (in average) were detected in transgenic tobacco leaves and canola seeds respectively. Mice immunized either subcutaneously or orally with recombinant EIT and challenged with E. coli O157:H7 significantly exhibited reduced bacterial shedding. Application of transgenic plants containing trivalent immunogen is an effective tool for protection against E. coli O157:H7.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adhesins, Bacterial/genetics
- Adhesins, Bacterial/immunology
- Animals
- Brassica napus/genetics
- Cloning, Molecular
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
- Escherichia coli O157/genetics
- Escherichia coli O157/immunology
- Escherichia coli O157/pathogenicity
- Escherichia coli Proteins/genetics
- Escherichia coli Proteins/immunology
- Female
- Immunity, Humoral
- Immunity, Mucosal
- Immunization/methods
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Plants, Genetically Modified/metabolism
- Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics
- Receptors, Cell Surface/immunology
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/immunology
- Nicotiana/genetics
- Transformation, Genetic
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jafar Amani
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Menezes MA, Aires KA, Ozaki CY, Ruiz RM, Pereira MC, Abreu PA, Elias WP, Ramos OH, Piazza RM. Cloning approach and functional analysis of anti-intimin single-chain variable fragment (scFv). BMC Res Notes 2011; 4:30. [PMID: 21288327 PMCID: PMC3038928 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-4-30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2010] [Accepted: 02/02/2011] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Intimin is an important virulence factor involved in the pathogenesis of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) and enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC). Both pathogens are still important causes of diarrhea in children and adults in many developing and industrialized countries. Considering the fact that antibodies are important tools in the detection of various pathogens, an anti-intimin IgG2b monoclonal antibody was previously raised in immunized mice with the conserved sequence of the intimin molecule (int388-667). In immunoblotting assays, this monoclonal antibody showed excellent specificity. Despite good performance, the monoclonal antibody failed to detect some EPEC and EHEC isolates harboring variant amino acids within the 338-667 regions of intimin molecules. Consequently, motivated by its use for diagnosis purposes, in this study we aimed to the cloning and expression of the single-chain variable fragment from this monoclonal antibody (scFv). Findings Anti-intimin hybridoma mRNA was extracted and reversely transcripted to cDNA, and the light and heavy chains of the variable fragment of the antibody were amplified using commercial primers. The amplified chains were cloned into pGEM-T Easy vector. Specific primers were designed and used in an amplification and chain linkage strategy, obtaining the scFv, which in turn was cloned into pAE vector. E. coli BL21(DE3)pLys strain was transformed with pAE scFv-intimin plasmid and subjected to induction of protein expression. Anti-intimin scFv, expressed as inclusion bodies (insoluble fraction), was denatured, purified and submitted to refolding. The protein yield was 1 mg protein per 100 mL of bacterial culture. To test the functionality of the scFv, ELISA and immunofluorescence assays were performed, showing that 275 ng of scFv reacted with 2 mg of purified intimin, resulting in an absorbance of 0.75 at 492 nm. The immunofluorescence assay showed a strong reactivity with EPEC E2348/69. Conclusion This study demonstrated that the recombinant anti-intimin antibody obtained is able to recognize the conserved region of intimin (Int388-667) in purified form and the EPEC isolate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Márcio A Menezes
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia, Instituto Butantan, Avenida Vital Brazil, 1500, São Paulo, SP, 05503-900, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Immunogenic properties of chimeric protein from espA, eae and tir genes of Escherichia coli O157:H7. Vaccine 2010; 28:6923-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.07.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2010] [Revised: 07/16/2010] [Accepted: 07/19/2010] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
|
22
|
Shukla GS, Krag DN. Phage-displayed combinatorial peptide libraries in fusion to beta-lactamase as reporter for an accelerated clone screening: Potential uses of selected enzyme-linked affinity reagents in downstream applications. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2010; 13:75-87. [PMID: 20214576 DOI: 10.2174/138620710790218258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Phage-display selection of combinatorial libraries is a powerful technique for identifying binding ligands against desired targets. Evaluation of target binding capacity of multiple clones recovered from phage display selection to a specific target is laborious, time-consuming, and a rate-limiting step. We constructed phage-display combinatorial peptide libraries in fusion with a beta-lactamase enzyme, which acts as a reporter. Linear dodecapeptide and cysteine-constrained decapeptide libraries were created at the amino-terminus of the Enterobacter cloacae P99 cephalosporinase molecule (P99 beta-lactamase). The overall and positional diversity of amino acids in both libraries was similar to other phage-display systems. The libraries were selected against the extracellular domain of ErbB2 receptor (ErbB2(ECD)). The target-selected clones were already conjugated to an enzyme reporter, therefore, did not require subcloning or any other post-panning modifications. We used beta-lactamase enzyme activity-based assays for sample normalizations and clone binding evaluation. Clones were identified that bound to purified ErbB2(ECD) and ErbB2-overexpressing cell-lines. The peptide sequences of the selected binding clones shared significant motifs with several rationally designed peptide mimetics and phage-display derived peptides that have been reported to bind ErbB2(ECD). beta-Lactamase fusion to peptides saved time and resources otherwise required by the phage-ELISA of a typical phage display screening protocol. The beta-lactamase enzyme assay protocols is a one-step process that does not require secondary proteins, several steps of lengthy incubations, or washings and can be finished in a few minutes instead of hours. The clone screening protocol can be adopted for a high throughput platform. Target-specific beta-lactamase-linked affinity reagents selected by this procedure can be produced in bulk, purified, and used, without any modification, for a variety of downstream applications, including targeted prodrug therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Girja S Shukla
- Department of Surgery and Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, 05405, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
In silico analysis of chimeric espA, eae and tir fragments of Escherichia coli O157:H7 for oral immunogenic applications. Theor Biol Med Model 2009; 6:28. [PMID: 19995413 PMCID: PMC3224939 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4682-6-28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2009] [Accepted: 12/08/2009] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In silico techniques are highly suited for both the discovery of new and development of existing vaccines. Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 (EHEC) exhibits a pattern of localized adherence to host cells, with the formation of microcolonies, and induces a specific histopathological lesion (attaching/effacing). The genes encoding the products responsible for this phenotype are clustered on a 35-kb pathogenicity island. Among these proteins, Intimin, Tir, and EspA, which are expressed by attaching-effacing genes, are responsible for the attachment to epithelial cell that leads to lesions. Results We designed synthetic genes encoding the carboxy-terminal fragment of Intimin, the middle region of Tir and the carboxy-terminal part of EspA. These multi genes were synthesized with codon optimization for a plant host and were fused together by the application of four repeats of five hydrophobic amino acids as linkers. The structure of the synthetic construct gene, its mRNA and deduced protein and their stabilities were analyzed by bioinformatic software. Furthermore, the immunogenicity of this multimeric recombinant protein consisting of three different domains was predicted. Conclusion a structural model for a chimeric gene from LEE antigenic determinants of EHEC is presented. It may define accessibility, solubility and immunogenecity.
Collapse
|
24
|
McNeilly TN, Mitchell MC, Rosser T, McAteer S, Low JC, Smith DGE, Huntley JF, Mahajan A, Gally DL. Immunization of cattle with a combination of purified intimin-531, EspA and Tir significantly reduces shedding of Escherichia coli O157:H7 following oral challenge. Vaccine 2009; 28:1422-8. [PMID: 19903545 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.10.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2009] [Revised: 09/28/2009] [Accepted: 10/14/2009] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 is a human pathogen that can cause gastrointestinal disease with potentially fatal consequences as a result of systemic Shiga toxin activity. Cattle are the main reservoir host of EHEC O157 and interventions need to be developed that prevent cattle colonization or limit shedding of the organism from this host. EHEC O157 predominately colonizes the bovine terminal rectum and requires a type III secretion system (T3SS) for adherence and persistence at this site. A vaccine based on concentrated bacterial supernatant that contains T3S proteins has shown some efficacy. Here we have demonstrated that vaccination with a combination of antigens associated with T3S-mediated adherence; the translocon filament protein, EspA, the extracellular region of the outer membrane adhesin, intimin, and the translocated intimin receptor (Tir) significantly reduced shedding of EHEC O157 from experimentally infected animals. Furthermore, this protection may be augmented by addition of H7 flagellin to the vaccine preparation that has been previously demonstrated to be partially protective in cattle. Protection correlates with systemic and mucosal antibody responses to the defined antigens and validates the targeting of these colonization factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tom N McNeilly
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik, EH26 0PZ, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Gu J, Liu Y, Yu S, Wang H, Wang Q, Yi Y, Zhu F, Yu XJ, Zou Q, Mao X. Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli trivalent recombinant vaccine containing EspA, intimin and Stx2 induces strong humoral immune response and confers protection in mice. Microbes Infect 2009; 11:835-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2009.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2009] [Revised: 04/22/2009] [Accepted: 04/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
26
|
Villa A, Trachsel E, Kaspar M, Schliemann C, Sommavilla R, Rybak JN, Rösli C, Borsi L, Neri D. A high-affinity human monoclonal antibody specific to the alternatively spliced EDA domain of fibronectin efficiently targets tumor neo-vasculature in vivo. Int J Cancer 2008; 122:2405-13. [PMID: 18271006 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.23408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The alternatively spliced extra-domain B of fibronectin is one of the best characterized markers of tumor angiogenesis. Similarly, the extra-domain A (EDA), which can also be inserted in the fibronectin transcript by a mechanism of alternative splicing, has been shown to preferentially accumulate around new blood vessels in certain tumors, but this antigen has not been investigated so far as a target for antibody-based biomolecular intervention. We here describe the generation of 3 human monoclonal antibodies (named F8, B7 and D5), which recognize the same epitope of EDA, but which differ in terms of their dissociation constant to the human antigen (K(D) = 3.1, 16 and 17 nM, measured for monomeric preparations of the F8, B7 and D5 antibodies, respectively, in recombinant scFv format). When the 3 antibody fragments were cloned and expressed with a 5 amino acid linker, the 3 resulting homodimeric antibody preparations displayed comparable tumor: organ ratios in quantitative biodistribution studies, performed in immunocompetent 129SvEv mice, bearing subcutaneous syngeneic F9 murine tumors. The percent injected dose per gram (%ID/g) values in tumors 24 hr after intravenous injection were 9.3, 10.2 and 13 for F8, B7 and D5, respectively. The F8 antibody may serve as useful building block for the development of antibody-based targeted anti-cancer therapeutics. Preclinical and clinical investigations are facilitated by the fact that F8 recognizes the human and mouse antigen with comparable affinity, and by the observation that EDA over-expression is detectable not only in solid tumors, but also in hematological malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Villa
- Philochem AG, c/o ETH Zürich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 10, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Robert R, Jacobin-Valat MJ, Daret D, Miraux S, Nurden AT, Franconi JM, Clofent-Sanchez G. Identification of human scFvs targeting atherosclerotic lesions: selection by single round in vivo phage display. J Biol Chem 2006; 281:40135-43. [PMID: 17068330 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m609344200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Our aim was to investigate by in vivo biopanning the lesions developed early in atherosclerosis and identify human antibodies that home to diseased regions. We have designed a two-step approach for a rapid isolation of human Monoclonal phage-display single-chain antibodies (MoPhabs) reactive with proteins found in lesions developed in an animal model of atherosclerosis. After a single round of in vivo biopanning, the MoPhabs were eluted from diseased sections of rabbit aorta identified by histology and NMR microscopy. MoPhabs expressed in situ were selected by subtractive colony filter screening for their capacity to recognize atherosclerotic but not normal aorta. MoPhabs selected by our method predominantly bind atherosclerotic lesions. Two of them, B3.3G and B3.GER, produced as scFv fragments, recognized an epitope present on the surface in early atherosclerotic lesions and within the intimal thickness in more complex plaques. These human MoPhabs homed to atherosclerotic lesions in ApoE(-/-) mice after in vivo injection. A protein of approximately 56 kDa recognized by B3.3G was affinity-purified and identified by mass spectrometry analysis as vitronectin. This is the first time that single round in vivo biopanning has been used to select human antibodies as candidates for diagnostic imaging and for obtaining insight into targets displayed in atherosclerotic plaques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rémy Robert
- Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques, Centre National Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 5536, Université Bordeaux 2 Victor Ségalen, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
La Ragione RM, Patel S, Maddison B, Woodward MJ, Best A, Whitelam GC, Gough KC. Recombinant anti-EspA antibodies block Escherichia coli O157:H7-induced attaching and effacing lesions in vitro. Microbes Infect 2005; 8:426-33. [PMID: 16298154 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2005.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2005] [Accepted: 07/13/2005] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Intimin and EspA proteins are virulence factors expressed by attaching and effacing Escherichia coli (AEEC) such as enteropathogenic and enterohaemorrhagic E. coli. The EspA protein makes up a filament structure forming part of the type III secretion system (TTSS) that delivers effector proteins to the host epithelial cell. Bacterial surface displayed intimin interacts with translocated intimin receptor in the host cell membrane leading to intimate attachment of the bacterium and subsequent attaching and effacing lesions. Here, we have assessed the use of recombinant monoclonal antibodies against E. coli O157:H7 EspA and intimin for the disruption of AEEC interaction with the host cell. Anti-gamma intimin antibodies did not reduce either adhesion of E. coli O157:H7 to host cell mono-layers or subsequent host cell actin rearrangement. Anti-EspA antibodies similarly had no effect on bacterial adhesion however they had a marked effect upon E. coli O157:H7-induced host cell actin rearrangement, where both monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies completely blocked cytoskeletal changes within the host cell. Furthermore, these anti-EspA antibodies were shown to reduce actin rearrangement induced by some but not all other AEEC serotypes tested. Both polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies could be used to label E. coli O157 EspA filaments and these immunoreagents did not inhibit the formation of such filaments. This is the first report of monoclonal antibodies to EspA capable of disrupting the TTSS function of E. coli O157:H7.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto M La Ragione
- Veterinary Laboratories Agency, Department of Food and Environmental Safety, Woodham Lane, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|