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Zewdie G, Akalu M, Tolossa W, Belay H, Deresse G, Zekarias M, Tesfaye Y. A review of foot-and-mouth disease in Ethiopia: epidemiological aspects, economic implications, and control strategies. Virol J 2023; 20:299. [PMID: 38102688 PMCID: PMC10724896 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-023-02263-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a contagious viral disease that affects the livelihoods and productivity of livestock farmers in endemic regions. It can infect various domestic and wild animals with cloven hooves and is caused by a virus belonging to the genus Aphthovirus and family Picornaviridae, which has seven different serotypes: A, O, C, SAT1, SAT2, SAT3, and Asia-1. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the molecular epidemiology, economic impact, diagnosis, and control measures of FMD in Ethiopia in comparison with the global situation. The genetic and antigenic diversity of FMD viruses requires a thorough understanding for developing and applying effective control strategies in endemic areas. FMD has direct and indirect economic consequences on animal production. In Ethiopia, FMD outbreaks have led to millions of USD losses due to the restriction or rejection of livestock products in the international market. Therefore, in endemic areas, disease control depends on vaccinations to prevent animals from developing clinical disease. However, in Ethiopia, due to the presence of diverse antigenic serotypes of FMD viruses, regular and extensive molecular investigation of new field isolates is necessary to perform vaccine-matching studies to evaluate the protective potential of the vaccine strain in the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Girma Zewdie
- National Veterinary Institute (NVI), P. O. Box: 19, Bishoftu, Ethiopia.
| | - Mirtneh Akalu
- National Veterinary Institute (NVI), P. O. Box: 19, Bishoftu, Ethiopia
- Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Department of Biotechnology, Vaddeswaram, Guntur, Ap, 522502, India
| | | | - Hassen Belay
- Africa Union Pan African Veterinary Vaccine Center (AU-PANVAC), P. O. Box: 1746, Bishoftu, Ethiopia
| | - Getaw Deresse
- National Veterinary Institute (NVI), P. O. Box: 19, Bishoftu, Ethiopia
| | | | - Yeneneh Tesfaye
- National Veterinary Institute (NVI), P. O. Box: 19, Bishoftu, Ethiopia
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Huang J, Lei L, Cui M, Cheng A, Wang M, Liu M, Zhu D, Chen S, Zhao X, Yang Q, Wu Y, Zhang S, Ou X, Mao S, Gao Q, Sun D, Tian B, Yin Z, Jia R. miR-146b-5p promotes duck Tembusu virus replication by targeting RPS14. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102890. [PMID: 37441905 PMCID: PMC10362356 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Duck Tembusu virus (DTMUV), belonging to the Flaviviridae family, is a major virus that affects duck health in China. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in viral replication. However, little is known about the function of miRNAs during DTMUV infection. Here, the host miR-146b-5p was found to regulate DTMUV replication. When DTMUV infected duck embryo fibroblasts (DEFs), the expression levels of miR-146b-5p increased significantly over time. Moreover, the viral RNA copies, E protein expression levels and virus titers were all upregulated when miR-146b-5p was overexpressed in DEFs. The opposite results were also observed upon knockdown of miR-146b-5p in DEFs. To explore the mechanism by which miR-146b-5p promoted DTMUV replication, mass spectrometry, and RNA pull-down assays were employed. Ribosomal protein S14 (RPS14), a component of 40S ribosomal proteins, was identified to interact with miR-146b-5p. In addition, the relative mRNA expression levels of RPS14 gene were negatively modulated by miR-146b-5p. Subsequently, it was found that overexpression of RPS14 could decrease the replication of DTMUV, and the reverse results were also detected by knockdown of RPS14. In conclusion, this study revealed that miR-146b-5p promoted DTMUV replication by targeting RPS14, which provides a new mechanism by which DTMUV evades host defenses and a new direction for further antiviral strategies development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Huang
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Lin Lei
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Min Cui
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Anchun Cheng
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Mingshu Wang
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Mafeng Liu
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Dekang Zhu
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Shun Chen
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Xinxin Zhao
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Qiao Yang
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Ying Wu
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Shaqiu Zhang
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Xumin Ou
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Sai Mao
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Qun Gao
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Di Sun
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Bin Tian
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Zhongqiong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Renyong Jia
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China.
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Yang P, Yuan Y, Sun Y, Lv B, Du H, Zhou Z, Yang Z, Liu X, Duan H, Shen C. The Host Protein CAD Regulates the Replication of FMDV through the Function of Pyrimidines' De Novo Synthesis. J Virol 2023; 97:e0036923. [PMID: 37162335 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00369-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is a single-stranded picornavirus that causes economically devastating disease in even-hooved animals. There has been little research on the function of host cells during FMDV infection. We aimed to shed light on key host factors associated with FMDV replication during acute infection. We found that HDAC1 overexpression in host cells induced upregulation of FMDV RNA and protein levels. Activation of the AKT-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway using bpV(HOpic) or SC79 also promoted FMDV replication. Furthermore, short hairpin RNA (shRNA)-induced suppression of carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase 2, aspartate transcarbamylase, and dihydroorotase (CAD), a transcription factor downstream of the AKT-mTOR signaling pathway, resulted in downregulation of FMDV RNA and protein levels. Coimmunoprecipitation assays showed that the ACTase domain of CAD could interact with the FMDV 2C protein, suggesting that the ACTase domain of CAD may be critical in FMDV replication. CAD proteins participate in de novo pyrimidine synthesis. Inhibition of FMDV replication by deletion of the ACTase domain of CAD in host cells could be reversed by supplementation with uracil. These results revealed that the contribution of the CAD ACTase domain to FMDV replication is dependent on de novo pyrimidine synthesis. Our research shows that HDAC1 promotes FMDV replication by regulating de novo pyrimidine synthesis from CAD via the AKT-mTOR signaling pathway. IMPORTANCE Foot-and-mouth disease virus is an animal virus of the Picornaviridae family that seriously harms the development of animal husbandry and foreign trade of related products, and there is still a lack of effective means to control its harm. Replication complexes would generate during FMDV replication to ensure efficient replication cycles. 2C is a common viral protein in the replication complex of Picornaviridae virus, which is thought to be an essential component of membrane rearrangement and viral replication complex formation. The host protein CAD is a key protein in the pyrimidines de novo synthesis. In our research, the interaction of CAD and FMDV 2C was demonstrated in FMDV-infected BHK-21 cells, and it colocalized with 2C in the replication complex. The inhibition of the expression of FMDV 3D protein through interference with CAD and supplementation with exogenous pyrimidines reversed this inhibition, suggesting that FMDV might recruit CAD through the 2C protein to ensure pyrimidine supply during replication. In addition, we also found that FMDV infection decreased the expression of the host protein HDAC1 and ultimately inhibited CAD activity through the AKT-mTOR signaling pathway. These results revealed a unique means of counteracting the virus in BHK-21 cells lacking the interferon (IFN) signaling pathway. In conclusion, our study provides some potential targets for the development of drugs against FMDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- China Center for Type Culture Collection, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuncong Yuan
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- China Center for Type Culture Collection, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yidan Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- China Center for Type Culture Collection, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bonan Lv
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- China Center for Type Culture Collection, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hang Du
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- China Center for Type Culture Collection, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhou Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- China Center for Type Culture Collection, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhuang Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- China Center for Type Culture Collection, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuemei Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- China Center for Type Culture Collection, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Huimin Duan
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- China Center for Type Culture Collection, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chao Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- China Center for Type Culture Collection, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Wang X, Zhu J, Zhang D, Liu G. Ribosomal control in RNA virus-infected cells. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1026887. [PMID: 36419416 PMCID: PMC9677555 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1026887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses are strictly intracellular parasites requiring host cellular functions to complete their reproduction cycle involving virus infection of host cell, viral genome replication, viral protein translation, and virion release. Ribosomes are protein synthesis factories in cells, and viruses need to manipulate ribosomes to complete their protein synthesis. Viruses use translation initiation factors through their own RNA structures or cap structures, thereby inducing ribosomes to synthesize viral proteins. Viruses also affect ribosome production and the assembly of mature ribosomes, and regulate the recognition of mRNA by ribosomes, thereby promoting viral protein synthesis and inhibiting the synthesis of host antiviral immune proteins. Here, we review the remarkable mechanisms used by RNA viruses to regulate ribosomes, in particular, the mechanisms by which RNA viruses induce the formation of specific heterogeneous ribosomes required for viral protein translation. This review provides valuable insights into the control of viral infection and diseases from the perspective of viral protein synthesis.
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Sarry M, Vitour D, Zientara S, Bakkali Kassimi L, Blaise-Boisseau S. Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus: Molecular Interplays with IFN Response and the Importance of the Model. Viruses 2022; 14:v14102129. [PMID: 36298684 PMCID: PMC9610432 DOI: 10.3390/v14102129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious viral disease of cloven-hoofed animals with a significant socioeconomic impact. One of the issues related to this disease is the ability of its etiological agent, foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), to persist in the organism of its hosts via underlying mechanisms that remain to be elucidated. The establishment of a virus–host equilibrium via protein–protein interactions could contribute to explaining these phenomena. FMDV has indeed developed numerous strategies to evade the immune response, especially the type I interferon response. Viral proteins target this innate antiviral response at different levels, ranging from blocking the detection of viral RNAs to inhibiting the expression of ISGs. The large diversity of impacts of these interactions must be considered in the light of the in vitro models that have been used to demonstrate them, some being sometimes far from biological systems. In this review, we have therefore listed the interactions between FMDV and the interferon response as exhaustively as possible, focusing on both their biological effect and the study models used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Sarry
- UMR VIROLOGIE, INRAE, École Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, ANSES Laboratoire de Santé Animale, Université Paris-Est, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
- AgroParisTech, 75005 Paris, France
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (S.B.-B.)
| | - Damien Vitour
- UMR VIROLOGIE, INRAE, École Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, ANSES Laboratoire de Santé Animale, Université Paris-Est, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Stephan Zientara
- UMR VIROLOGIE, INRAE, École Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, ANSES Laboratoire de Santé Animale, Université Paris-Est, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Labib Bakkali Kassimi
- UMR VIROLOGIE, INRAE, École Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, ANSES Laboratoire de Santé Animale, Université Paris-Est, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Sandra Blaise-Boisseau
- UMR VIROLOGIE, INRAE, École Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, ANSES Laboratoire de Santé Animale, Université Paris-Est, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (S.B.-B.)
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Chen X, Chen X, Liang Y, Xu S, Weng Z, Gao Q, Huang Z, Zhang G, Gong L. Interaction network of African swine fever virus structural protein p30 with host proteins. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:971888. [PMID: 36090090 PMCID: PMC9451658 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.971888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV) is a complex nucleocytoplasmic large DNA virus (NCLDV) that causes a lethal hemorrhagic disease that is currently threatening the global pig industry. ASFV structural protein p30 is a membrane phosphoprotein that suggests it may play a regulatory role, possibly in signal transduction. Despite its significance in internalization into host cells, the interaction between p30 and host proteins is relatively unknown. In this study, we describe the application of a DUALmembrane yeast two-hybrid assay to screen a primary porcine alveolar macrophages cDNA library and analyze the interactome of p30 protein. Our data identify seven host cellular proteins (DAB2, RPSA, OAS1, PARP9, CAPG, ARPC5, and VBP1) that putatively interact with the p30. We further verified the interaction between p30 and host proteins by laser confocal microscopy, co-immunoprecipitation, and GST-pulldown assay. To further understand the relationship between host proteins and p30, we drew the interaction network diagram and analyzed the functional enrichment of each host protein. Enrichment analysis of Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes indicated that host proteins were mainly related to endocytosis, actin cytoskeleton regulation, and innate immunity. Collectively, we identified the interaction between p30 and host cell protein using a membrane protein yeast two-hybrid system, which increases our knowledge of the interaction between ASFV and the host and informs future research on antiviral strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiongnan Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China, Guangzhou, China
- Research Center for African Swine Fever Prevention and Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojun Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China, Guangzhou, China
- Research Center for African Swine Fever Prevention and Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yifan Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China, Guangzhou, China
- Research Center for African Swine Fever Prevention and Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sijia Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China, Guangzhou, China
- Research Center for African Swine Fever Prevention and Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhijun Weng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Research Center for African Swine Fever Prevention and Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China, Guangzhou, China
- Research Center for African Swine Fever Prevention and Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhao Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China, Guangzhou, China
- Research Center for African Swine Fever Prevention and Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guihong Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China, Guangzhou, China
- Research Center for African Swine Fever Prevention and Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lang Gong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Research Center for African Swine Fever Prevention and Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- *Correspondence: Lang Gong,
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Yang L, Chen H, Liu L, Song J, Feng T, Li Y, Shen C, Kong L, Xin X. Foot-and-mouth disease virus VP1 promotes viral replication by regulating the expression of chemokines and GBP1. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:937409. [PMID: 35937300 PMCID: PMC9353127 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.937409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is an acute, highly contagious, and economically destructive pathogen of vesicular disease that affects domestic and wild cloven-hoofed animals. The FMDV VP1 protein is an important part of the nucleocapsid and plays a significant role during FMDV infection. However, the signal pathways mediated by VP1 in the life cycle of FMDV and the related mechanisms are not yet fully understood. Here, we performed RNA-seq to compare gene expression profiles between pCAGGS-HA-VP1 transfected PK-15 cells and pCAGGS-HA (empty vector) transfected PK-15 cells. The results showed 5,571 genes with significantly different expression levels, of which 2,981 were up-regulated and 2,590 were down-regulated. GO enrichment analysis showed that 51 GO terms were significantly enriched in cell components including protein complex, membrane and organelle part. KEGG enrichment analysis showed 11 KEGG pathways were significantly enriched which were mainly related to the immune system, infectious viral disease, and signal transduction. Among the up-regulated genes, the chemokines such as CCL5, CXCL8, and CXCL10 in turn promoted FMDV replication. In contrast, GBP1, an interferon-stimulated gene that was suppressed by VP1 and FMDV, could effectively inhibit FMDV replication. Our research provides a comprehensive overview of the response of host cells to VP1 protein and a basis for further research to understand the roles of VP1 in FMDV infection including the genes involved in FMDV replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yang
- Nanchang City Key Laboratory of Animal Virus and Genetic Engineering, Nanchang, China
- Institute of Pathogenic Microorganism, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
- College of Bioscience and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Nanchang City Key Laboratory of Animal Virus and Genetic Engineering, Nanchang, China
- Institute of Pathogenic Microorganism, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
- College of Bioscience and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Liqing Liu
- Nanchang City Key Laboratory of Animal Virus and Genetic Engineering, Nanchang, China
- Institute of Pathogenic Microorganism, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
- College of Bioscience and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jingjing Song
- Nanchang City Key Laboratory of Animal Virus and Genetic Engineering, Nanchang, China
- Institute of Pathogenic Microorganism, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
- College of Bioscience and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Tian Feng
- Nanchang City Key Laboratory of Animal Virus and Genetic Engineering, Nanchang, China
- Institute of Pathogenic Microorganism, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
- College of Bioscience and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yihan Li
- Nanchang City Key Laboratory of Animal Virus and Genetic Engineering, Nanchang, China
- Institute of Pathogenic Microorganism, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
- College of Bioscience and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Chao Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lingbao Kong
- Nanchang City Key Laboratory of Animal Virus and Genetic Engineering, Nanchang, China
- Institute of Pathogenic Microorganism, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
- College of Bioscience and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiu Xin
- Nanchang City Key Laboratory of Animal Virus and Genetic Engineering, Nanchang, China
- Institute of Pathogenic Microorganism, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
- College of Bioscience and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
- *Correspondence: Xiu Xin
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Differential expression profile and in-silico functional analysis of long noncoding RNA and mRNA in duck embryo fibroblasts infected with duck plague virus. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:509. [PMID: 35836133 PMCID: PMC9281093 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08739-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Duck plague virus (DPV), belonging to herpesviruses, is a linear double-stranded DNA virus. There are many reports about the outbreak of the duck plague in a variety of countries, which caused huge economic losses. Recently, increasing reports revealed that multiple long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) can possess great potential in the regulation of host antiviral immune response. Furthermore, it remains to be determined which specific molecular mechanisms are responsible for the DPV-host interaction in host immunity. Here, lncRNAs and mRNAs in DPV infected duck embryonic fibroblast (DEF) cells were identified by high-throughput RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq). And we predicted target genes of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and formed a complex regulatory network depending on in-silico analysis and prediction. Result RNA-seq analysis results showed that 2921 lncRNAs were found at 30 h post-infection (hpi). In our study, 218 DE lncRNAs and 2840 DE mRNAs were obtained in DEF after DPV infection. Among these DEGs and target genes, some have been authenticated as immune-related molecules, such as a Macrophage mannose receptor (MR), Anas platyrhynchos toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), leukocyte differentiation antigen, interleukin family, and their related regulatory factors. Furthermore, according to the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis, we found that the target genes may have important effects on biological development, biosynthesis, signal transduction, cell biological regulation, and cell process. Also, we obtained, the potential targeting relationship existing in DEF cells between host lncRNAs and DPV-encoded miRNAs by software. Conclusions This study revealed not only expression changes, but also the possible biological regulatory relationship of lncRNAs and mRNAs in DPV infected DEF cells. Together, these data and analyses provide additional insight into the role of lncRNAs and mRNAs in the host's immune response to DPV infection. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-022-08739-7.
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Wu L, Tian B, Wang M, Cheng A, Jia R, Zhu D, Liu M, Yang Q, Wu Y, Huang J, Zhao X, Chen S, Zhang S, Ou X, Mao S, Gao Q, Sun D, Yu Y, Zhang L, Pan L. Duck Plague Virus Negatively Regulates IFN Signaling to Promote Virus Proliferation via JNK Signaling Pathway. Front Immunol 2022; 13:935454. [PMID: 35837399 PMCID: PMC9275408 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.935454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Duck plague virus (DPV), a member of the alphaherpesvirus subfamily, can cause severe damage and immunosuppression in ducks and geese in China. Since lacking an available cell model, the antiviral signal transduction pathways induction and regulation mechanisms related to DPV infection in duck cells are still enigmatic. Our previous study developed a monocyte/macrophages cell model, which has been applied to study innate immunity with DPV. In the present study, we compared and analyzed transcriptome associated with the DPV infection of CHv (virulent strain) and CHa (avirulent strain) at 48hpi based on the duck monocyte/macrophages cell model and RNA-seq technology. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) analysis showed 2,909 and 2,438 genes altered in CHv and CHa infected cells compared with control cells. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis showed that the DEGs were mainly involved in biological processes such as metabolic pathways, viral infectious diseases, immune system, and signal transduction. The CHv and CHa virus differentially regulated MAPK, NF-κB, and IFN signaling pathways based on transcriptome sequencing data and RT-qPCR results. The JNK inhibitor SP600125 enhanced the IFN signaling, but potentially reduced the VSV and DPV titers in the cell culture supernatant, indicating that JNK negatively regulates the IFN pathway and the inflammatory pathway to promote virus proliferation. The research results may provide promising information to understand the pathogenesis of DPV and provide a novel mechanism by which DPV modulates antiviral signaling and facilitate virus proliferation through hijacking the JNK pathway, which provides a new means for the prevention and control of DPV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Wu
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu City, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu City, China
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu City, China
| | - Bin Tian
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu City, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu City, China
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu City, China
| | - Mingshu Wang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu City, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu City, China
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu City, China
- *Correspondence: Mingshu Wang,
| | - Anchun Cheng
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu City, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu City, China
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu City, China
| | - Renyong Jia
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu City, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu City, China
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu City, China
| | - Dekang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu City, China
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu City, China
| | - Mafeng Liu
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu City, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu City, China
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu City, China
| | - Qiao Yang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu City, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu City, China
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu City, China
| | - Ying Wu
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu City, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu City, China
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu City, China
| | - Juan Huang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu City, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu City, China
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu City, China
| | - XinXin Zhao
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu City, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu City, China
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu City, China
| | - Shun Chen
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu City, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu City, China
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu City, China
| | - Shaqiu Zhang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu City, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu City, China
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu City, China
| | - Xumin Ou
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu City, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu City, China
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu City, China
| | - Sai Mao
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu City, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu City, China
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu City, China
| | - Qun Gao
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu City, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu City, China
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu City, China
| | - Di Sun
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu City, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu City, China
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu City, China
| | - Yanling Yu
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu City, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu City, China
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu City, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu City, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu City, China
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu City, China
| | - LeiCHang Pan
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu City, China
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu City, China
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10
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Jiang FF, Wang RQ, Guo CY, Zheng K, Long-Liu H, Su L, Xie SS, Chen HC, Liu ZF. Phospho-proteomics identifies a critical role of ATF2 in pseudorabies virus replication. Virol Sin 2022; 37:591-600. [PMID: 35688418 PMCID: PMC9437614 DOI: 10.1016/j.virs.2022.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudorabies virus (PRV), an etiological agent of pseudorabies in livestock, has negatively affected the porcine industry all over the world. Epithelial cells are reported as the first site of PRV infection. However, the role of host proteins and its related signaling pathways in PRV replication is largely unclear. In this study, we performed a quantitative phosphoproteomics screening on PRV-infected porcine kidney (PK-15) epithelial cells. Totally 5723 phosphopeptides, corresponding to 2180 proteins, were obtained, and the phosphorylated states of 810 proteins were significantly different in PRV-infected cells compared with mock-infected cells (P < 0.05). GO and KEGG analysis revealed that these differentially expressed phosphorylated proteins were predominantly related to RNA transport and MAPK signaling pathways. Further functional studies of NF-κB, transcription activator factor-2 (ATF2), MAX and SOS genes in MAPK signaling pathway were analyzed using RNA interference (RNAi) knockdown. It showed that only ATF2-knockdown reduces both PRV titer and viral genome copy number. JNK pathway inhibition and CRISPR/Cas9 gene knockout showed that ATF2 was required for the effective replication of PRV, especially during the biogenesis of viral genome DNA. Subsequently, by overexpression of the ATF2 gene and point mutation of the amino acid positions 69/71 of ATF2, it was further demonstrated that the phosphorylation of ATF2 promoted PRV replication. These findings suggest that ATF2 may provide potential therapeutic target for inhibiting PRV infection. Phosphoproteomic profiling of PRV-infected PK-15 cells with iTRAQ-quantification. JNK pathway regulates ATF2 phosphorylation and PRV replication. Phosphorylation of ATF2 promotes PRV replication.
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11
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Zhang T, Lu B, Yang B, Zhang D, Shi X, Shen C, Cui H, Yuan X, Zhao D, Yang J, Hao Y, Chen X, Liu X, Zhang K, Zheng H. Component Identification and Analysis of Vesicular Fluid From Swine Infected by Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:860978. [PMID: 35372527 PMCID: PMC8968935 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.860978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is induced by FMD virus (FMDV) and characterized by fever and vesicular (blister-like) lesions. However, the exact composition of the vesicular fluid in pigs infected with FMDV remains unclear. To identify and analyze the components of the vesicular fluid in FMDV-infected domestic pigs, the fluid was collected and subjected to mass spectrometry. Further analyses were conducted using Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genome (KEGG), and protein–protein interaction (PPI). Quantitative ELISA kit for TNF-α, and IFN-α, IFN-β, IL-6, IL-10, IL-1β, and IFN-γ were used to verify the mass spectrometry results. Results showed that 937 proteins were identified in the vesicular fluid from swine after FMDV infection, and bioinformatics analysis indicated that these proteins are related to the innate immune and inflammation pathways. The levels of cytokines involved in the disease-related pathways, tumor necrosis factors, and IL-6 in the fluid samples were significantly increased. This study identified and analyzed the composition of vesicular fluid in pigs after FMD infection for the first time and provided interesting information that help understand the infection and pathogenesis mechanism of FMD. These information will eventually contribute to the prevention and control of FMD.
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12
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Zhang Q, Jia Q, Gao W, Zhang W. The Role of Deubiquitinases in Virus Replication and Host Innate Immune Response. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:839624. [PMID: 35283827 PMCID: PMC8908266 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.839624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As a critical post-translational modification, ubiquitination is known to affect almost all the cellular processes including immunity, signaling pathways, cell death, cancer development, and viral infection by controlling protein stability. Deubiquitinases (DUBs) cleave ubiquitin from proteins and reverse the process of ubiquitination. Thus, DUBs play an important role in the deubiquitination process and serve as therapeutic targets for various diseases. DUBs are found in eukaryotes, bacteria, and viruses and influence various biological processes. Here, we summarize recent findings on the function of DUBs in modulating viral infection, the mechanism by which viral DUBs regulate host innate immune response, and highlight those DUBs that have recently been discovered as antiviral therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinglin Zhang
- College of Life Sciences of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Qizhen Jia
- College of Life Sciences of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wenying Gao
- Center for Pathogen Biology and Infectious Diseases, Institute of Virology and AIDS Research, Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wenyan Zhang
- Center for Pathogen Biology and Infectious Diseases, Institute of Virology and AIDS Research, Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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13
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Duan Z, Tang H, Wang Y, Zhao C, Zhou L, Han Y. The association of ribosomal protein L18 with Newcastle disease virus matrix protein enhances viral translation and replication. Avian Pathol 2021; 51:129-140. [PMID: 34859725 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2021.2013435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACTNumerous studies have shown that viruses can utilize or manipulate ribosomal proteins to achieve viral protein biosynthesis and replication. In our recent studies using proteomics analysis of virus-infected cells, we found that ribosomal protein L18 (RPL18) was the highest up-regulated differentially expressed protein, which was along with the increasingly expressed viral proteins later in Newcastle disease virus (NDV) infection. However, the association of RPL18 with viral protein biosynthesis and NDV replication remains unclear. In this study, we found that the expression and transcription levels of RPL18 was reduced early in NDV infection but increased later in NDV infection. In addition, the presence of cytoplasmic NDV matrix (M) protein was responsible for the increased expression of RPL18 in both virus-infected cells and plasmid-transfected cells. Moreover, cytoplasmic M protein increased RPL18 expression in a dose-dependent manner, even though they did not interact with each other. Furthermore, siRNA-mediated knockdown of RPL18 or overexpression of RPL18 dramatically reduced or enhanced NDV replication by decreasing or increasing viral protein translation rather than viral RNA synthesis and transcription. Taken together, these results suggested that the increased expression of RPL18 might be associated with the physical clumping together of the M protein, which in turn promoted viral protein biosynthesis and NDV replication, thus revealing for the first time the association of RPL18 with NDV M protein was important for viral translation and replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Duan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China.,College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Hong Tang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China.,College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yanbi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China.,College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Caiqin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China.,College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China.,College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yifan Han
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China.,College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
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14
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Xing J, Liang J, Liu S, Huang L, Hu P, Liu L, Liao M, Qi W. Japanese encephalitis virus restricts HMGB1 expression to maintain MAPK pathway activation for viral replication. Vet Microbiol 2021; 262:109237. [PMID: 34592637 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2021.109237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a typical insect-borne flavivirus and an important zoonotic pathogen that causes human viral encephalitis and reproductive failure in pigs. Various strategies were utilized by JEV to facilitate its replication. It is important to identify key molecules that mediate JEV infection, as well as to investigate their underlying mechanism. In this study, the critical role of high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), a non-histone, DNA-binding protein, was assessed in JEV propagation. Upon JEV infection, the HMGB1 mRNA and protein levels were down-regulated at late infection in Huh7 cells. JEV replication was significantly enhanced with HMGB1 knock-down by siRNA and knock-out by the CRISPR/Cas9 system, whereas JEV growth was restricted in HMGB1-over-expressed Huh7 cells. Further investigation showed that HMGB1 suppressed MAPK pathway, and demonstrated that the weakening of MAPK pathway negatively regulated JEV infection. Together, these results suggested that JEV restricted HMGB1 expression to maintain MAPK pathway activation for viral replication. Our data showed that HMGB1 played a key role in JEV infection, providing the potential for the development of a novel drug to combat JEV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinchao Xing
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jiaqi Liang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Shukai Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Lihong Huang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Pingsheng Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Lele Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ming Liao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Wenbao Qi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China; National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangzhou 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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15
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Han L, Yuan Y, Hu J, Li J, Zhu S, Yang P, Cheng A, Li X, Shen C. Next-generation sequencing sheds light on the interaction between virus and cell during foot-and-mouth disease virus persistent infection. Vet Microbiol 2021; 263:109247. [PMID: 34649012 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2021.109247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) infection can be either persistent or acute in susceptible animals. The mechanisms involved in FMDV replication and clearance during persistent infection remain unclear. To identify host factors that are critical for FMDV replication during persistent infection, we used RNA-seq to compare the transcriptomes of infected (BHK-Op) cells and bystander (BHK-VEC) cells, which are exposed to FMDV but not infected. In total, 1917 genes were differentially expressed between BHK-Op cells and BHK-VEC cells, which were involved in ribosome biogenesis, cell cycle, and dilated cardiomyopathy. We further identified host genes potentially involved in viral clearance during persistent FMDV infection by comprehensive crossover analysis of differentially expressed genes in ancestral host cells, evolved infected host cells, and evolved bystander cells, which are resistant to infection by wild-type FMDV and FMDV-Op that co-evolved with host cells during persistent infection. Among the identified genes were Cav1 and Ccnd1. Subsequent experiments showed that knockdown of Cav1 and Ccnd1 in host cells significantly promoted and inhibited FMDV replication, respectively, confirming that the overexpression of Cav1 and the downregulation of Ccnd1 contribute to virus clearance during persistent FMDV infection. In addition, we found that BHK-Op cells contained mixtures of multiple genotypes of FMDV viruses, shedding light on the diversity of FMDV genotypes during persistent infection. Our findings provide a detailed overview of the responses of infected cells and bystander cells to persistent FMDV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Han
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yuncong Yuan
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Jianjun Hu
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Jiadai Li
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Shumin Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Pu Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Andi Cheng
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xinmei Li
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Chao Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; China Center for Type Culture Collection, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
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16
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Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Structural Protein VP1 Destroys the Stability of TPL2 Trimer by Degradation TPL2 to Evade Host Antiviral Immunity. J Virol 2021; 95:JVI.02149-20. [PMID: 33361430 PMCID: PMC8092693 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02149-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor progression locus 2 (TPL2) is a serine/threonine kinase that belongs to the mitogen-activated protein 3 kinase (MAP3K) family, and it plays an important role in pathogen infection. The trimer complex of TPL2, p105, and ABIN2 is essential for maintenance of TPL2 steady-state levels and host cell response to pathogens. Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is a positive-strand RNA virus of the family Picornaviridae that encodes proteins capable of antagonizing host immune responses to achieve infection. The VP1 protein of FMDV is a multifunctional protein that can bind host cells and induce an immune response as well as cell apoptosis. However, the role and mechanisms of TPL2 in FMDV infection remain unknown. Here, we determined that FMDV infection could inhibit TPL2, p105, and ABIN2 at the transcription and protein levels, while VP1 could only inhibit TPL2, p105 and ABIN2 at protein level. TPL2 inhibited the replication of FMDV in vivo and in vitro, the 268 to 283 amino-acid region in the TPL2 kinase domain was essential for interaction with VP1. Moreover, VP1 promoted K48-linked polyubiquitination of TPL2 and degraded TPL2 by the proteasome pathway. However, VP1-induced degradation of p105 and ABIN2 was independent of proteasome, autophagy, lysosome, and caspase-dependent pathways. Further studies showed that VP1 destroyed the stability of the TPL2-p105-ABIN2 complex. Taken together, these results revealed that VP1 antagonized TPL2-meditated antivirus activity by degrading TPL2 and destroying its complex. These findings may contribute to understand FMDV-host interactions and improve development of a novel vaccine to prevent FMDV infection.Importance Virus-host interactions are critical for virus infection. This study was the first to demonstrate the antiviral effect of host TPL2 during FMDV replication by increasing production of interferons and antiviral cytokines. Both FMDV and VP1 protein can reduce host TPL2, ABIN2 and p105 to destroy TPL2-p105-ABIN2 trimer complex. VP1 interacted with TPL2 and degrade TPL2 via proteasome pathway to repress TPL2-mediated antivirus activity. This study provided new insights into FMDV immune evasion mechanisms, elucidating new informations regarding FMDV counteraction of host antivirus activity.
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17
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Li K, Wang C, Yang F, Cao W, Zhu Z, Zheng H. Virus-Host Interactions in Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Infection. Front Immunol 2021; 12:571509. [PMID: 33717061 PMCID: PMC7952751 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.571509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious disease of cloven-hoofed animals, which has been regarded as a persistent challenge for the livestock industry in many countries. Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is the etiological agent of FMD that can spread rapidly by direct and indirect transmission. FMDV is internalized into host cell by the interaction between FMDV capsid proteins and cellular receptors. When the virus invades into the cells, the host antiviral system is quickly activated to suppress the replication of the virus and remove the virus. To retain fitness and host adaptation, various viruses have evolved multiple elegant strategies to manipulate host machine and circumvent the host antiviral responses. Therefore, identification of virus-host interactions is critical for understanding the host defense against virus infections and the pathogenesis of the viral infectious diseases. This review elaborates on the virus-host interactions during FMDV infection to summarize the pathogenic mechanisms of FMD, and we hope it can provide insights for designing effective vaccines or drugs to prevent and control the spread of FMD and other diseases caused by picornaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangli Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Congcong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Fan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Weijun Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zixiang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Haixue Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
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18
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Sun Q, Li N, Jia L, Guo W, Jiang H, Liu B, Bao C, Liu M, Huang J, Lei L. Ribosomal Protein SA-Positive Neutrophil Elicits Stronger Phagocytosis and Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Formation and Subdues Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine Secretion Against Streptococcus suis Serotype 2 Infection. Front Immunol 2021; 11:585399. [PMID: 33603733 PMCID: PMC7884477 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.585399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis serotype 2 (SS2), an important zoonotic pathogen that causes septicemia, arthritis, and irreversible meningitis in pigs and humans, can be transmitted to humans from pigs. S. suis causes huge economic losses to the swine industry and poses a serious threat to public health. Previously, we found that the brain tissues of mice with SS2-induced meningitis showed disrupted structural integrity and significantly enhanced polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) infiltration. We showed that the brain tissues of SS2-infected mice had increased ribosomal protein SA (RPSA)-positive PMN counts. However, the inflammatory responses of RPSA+ PMNs to SS2 and their effects on the blood-brain barrier (BBB) remain unclear. Therefore, in studying the pathogenesis of SS2-induced meningitis, it is essential that we explore the functions of RPSA+ PMNs and their effects on the BBB. Herein, using flow cytometry and immunofluorescence microscopy analyses, we found that RPSA expression enhances PMN-induced phagocytosis and PMN-induced formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which facilitate further elimination of bacteria. PMN surface expression of RPSA also alleviates local inflammation and tissue injuries by inhibiting secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokines, TNF-α and IL-6. Moreover, the single-cell BBB model showed that RPSA disrupts BBB integrity by downregulating expression of tight junction-associated membrane proteins on PMNs. Taken together, our data suggest that PMN-surface expression of RPSA is a double-edged sword. RPSA+ PMN owns a stronger ability of bacterial cleaning and weakens inflammatory cytokines release which are useful to anti-infection, but does hurt BBB. Partly, RPSA+ PMN may be extremely useful to control the infection as a therapeutic cellular population, following novel insights into the special PMN population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Sun
- The Laboratory Department of First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Na Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Li Jia
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wenfei Guo
- The Laboratory Department of First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hexiang Jiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Baijun Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chuntong Bao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Mengmeng Liu
- The Laboratory Department of First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jing Huang
- The Laboratory Department of First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Liancheng Lei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,College of Animal Sciences, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
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19
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Jiang H, Wu T, Liu J, Yu X, Liu H, Bao C, Liu M, Ji Y, Feng X, Gu J, Han W, Li N, Lei L. Caveolae/rafts protect human cerebral microvascular endothelial cells from Streptococcus suis serotype 2 α-enolase-mediated injury. Vet Microbiol 2021; 254:108981. [PMID: 33445055 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2021.108981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus suis serotype 2 (SS2) is an important zoonotic pathogen that causes meningitis. The ubiquitously expressed 40S ribosome protein SA (RPSA) is a multifunctional protein involved in the pathogenesis of multiple pathogens, especially those causing meningitis. However, the role of RPSA in SS2-induced meningitis is not clear. In this study, immunofluorescence staining revealed that SS2 infection promoted the intracellular transfer of RPSA to the surface of human cerebral microvascular endothelial cells (HCMECs). Moreover, SS2 infection promoted the accumulation of caveolin 1 (CAV1) and the formation of membrane bulges where RPSA enveloped CAV1 on the cell surface. SS2 infection also caused dynamic changes in the localization of RPSA and CAV1 on the cell surface which could be eliminated by disruption of caveolae/rafts by addition of methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MβCD). Co-immunoprecipitation analysis demonstrated that α-enolase (ENO), a key virulence factor of SS2, interacted with RPSA, and promoted the interaction between RPSA and CAV1. Immunofluorescence staining, western blotting and flow cytometry analyses showed that damaged caveolae/rafts significantly enhanced ENO adhesion to HCMECs, promoted the "destruction" of RPSA by ENO, and enhanced the toxic effect of ENO on HCMECs. Importantly, these effects could be relieved upon the addition of cholesterol. We conclude that caveolae/rafts weaken the toxic effect of SS2 ENO on RPSA-mediated events in HCMECs. Our study has led to better understanding of the roles of RPSA and caveolae/rafts upon SS2 infection, and a new pathological role for RPSA in infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hexiang Jiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China.
| | - Tong Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Jianan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Xibing Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Hongtao Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Chuntong Bao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Mengmeng Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Yalu Ji
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Xin Feng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Jingmin Gu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Wenyu Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Na Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China.
| | - Liancheng Lei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China; College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, 434023, PR China.
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20
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Peng J, Yi J, Yang W, Ren J, Wen Y, Zheng H, Li D. Advances in Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Proteins Regulating Host Innate Immunity. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:2046. [PMID: 33162944 PMCID: PMC7581685 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.02046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious disease that affects cloven-hoofed animals such as pigs, cattle, and sheep. The disease is caused by the foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) which has a non-enveloped virion with icosahedral symmetry that encapsulates a positive-sense, single-stranded RNA genome of ∼8.4 kb. FMDV infection causes obvious immunosuppressive effects on the host. In recent years, studies on the immunosuppressive mechanism of FMDV have become a popular topic. In addition, studies have shown that many FMDV proteins are involved in the regulation of host innate immunity and have revealed mechanisms by which FMDV proteins mediate host innate immunity. In this review, advances in studies on the mechanisms of interaction between FMDV proteins and host innate immunity are summarized to provide a comprehensive understanding of FMDV pathogenesis and the theoretical basis for FMD prevention and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangling Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jiamin Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wenping Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuan Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Haixue Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Dan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
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21
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Yang B, Zhang X, Zhang D, Hou J, Xu G, Sheng C, Choudhury SM, Zhu Z, Li D, Zhang K, Zheng H, Liu X. Molecular Mechanisms of Immune Escape for Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9090729. [PMID: 32899635 PMCID: PMC7558374 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9090729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) causes a highly contagious vesicular disease in cloven-hoofed livestock that results in severe consequences for international trade, posing a great economic threat to agriculture. The FMDV infection antagonizes the host immune responses via different signaling pathways to achieve immune escape. Strategies to escape the cell immune system are key to effective infection and pathogenesis. This review is focused on summarizing the recent advances to understand how the proteins encoded by FMDV antagonize the host innate and adaptive immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Keshan Zhang
- Correspondence: (K.Z.); (H.Z.); Tel.: +86-15214078335 (K.Z.)
| | - Haixue Zheng
- Correspondence: (K.Z.); (H.Z.); Tel.: +86-15214078335 (K.Z.)
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22
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Yeh MT, Capponi S, Catching A, Bianco S, Andino R. Mapping Attenuation Determinants in Enterovirus-D68. Viruses 2020; 12:v12080867. [PMID: 32784424 PMCID: PMC7472100 DOI: 10.3390/v12080867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterovirus (EV)-D68 has been associated with epidemics in the United Sates in 2014, 2016 and 2018. This study aims to identify potential viral virulence determinants. We found that neonatal type I interferon receptor knockout mice are susceptible to EV-D68 infection via intraperitoneal inoculation and were able to recapitulate the paralysis process observed in human disease. Among the EV-D68 strains tested, strain US/MO-14-18949 caused no observable disease in this mouse model, whereas the other strains caused paralysis and death. Sequence analysis revealed several conserved genetic changes among these virus strains: nucleotide positions 107 and 648 in the 5′-untranslated region (UTR); amino acid position 88 in VP3; 1, 148, 282 and 283 in VP1; 22 in 2A; 47 in 3A. A series of chimeric and point-mutated infectious clones were constructed to identify viral elements responsible for the distinct virulence. A single amino acid change from isoleucine to valine at position 88 in VP3 attenuated neurovirulence by reducing virus replication in the brain and spinal cord of infected mice.
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MESH Headings
- 5' Untranslated Regions
- Amino Acid Substitution
- Animals
- Brain/virology
- Capsid Proteins/chemistry
- Capsid Proteins/genetics
- Cell Line
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Disease Models, Animal
- Enterovirus D, Human/genetics
- Enterovirus D, Human/pathogenicity
- Enterovirus D, Human/physiology
- Enterovirus Infections/virology
- Genes, Viral
- Humans
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Models, Molecular
- Molecular Dynamics Simulation
- Receptor, Interferon alpha-beta/genetics
- Spinal Cord/virology
- Virulence
- Virus Replication
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Te Yeh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; (M.T.Y.); (A.C.)
| | - Sara Capponi
- Industrial and Applied Genomics, AI and Cognitive Software, IBM Almaden Research Center, San Jose, CA 95120, USA; (S.C.); (S.B.)
- Center for Cellular Construction, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Adam Catching
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; (M.T.Y.); (A.C.)
- Graduate Group in Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Simone Bianco
- Industrial and Applied Genomics, AI and Cognitive Software, IBM Almaden Research Center, San Jose, CA 95120, USA; (S.C.); (S.B.)
- Center for Cellular Construction, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Raul Andino
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; (M.T.Y.); (A.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-415-502-6358
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23
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Miller CM, Selvam S, Fuchs G. Fatal attraction: The roles of ribosomal proteins in the viral life cycle. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-RNA 2020; 12:e1613. [PMID: 32657002 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Upon viral infection of a host cell, each virus starts a program to generate many progeny viruses. Although viruses interact with the host cell in numerous ways, one critical step in the virus life cycle is the expression of viral proteins, which are synthesized by the host ribosomes in conjunction with host translation factors. Here we review different mechanisms viruses have evolved to effectively seize host cell ribosomes, the roles of specific ribosomal proteins and their posttranslational modifications on viral RNA translation, or the cellular response to infection. We further highlight ribosomal proteins with extra-ribosomal function during viral infection and put the knowledge of ribosomal proteins during viral infection into the larger context of ribosome-related diseases, known as ribosomopathies. This article is categorized under: Translation > Translation Mechanisms Translation > Translation Regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare M Miller
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Sangeetha Selvam
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Gabriele Fuchs
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, Albany, New York, USA.,The RNA Institute, University at Albany, Albany, New York, USA
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24
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Gao R, Zhang Y, Kang Y, Xu W, Jiang L, Guo T, Huan C. Glycyrrhizin Inhibits PEDV Infection and Proinflammatory Cytokine Secretion via the HMGB1/TLR4-MAPK p38 Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21082961. [PMID: 32340172 PMCID: PMC7215578 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Our previous study showed that glycyrrhizin (GLY) inhibited porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) infection, but the mechanisms of GLY anti-PEDV action remain unclear. In this study, we focused on the anti-PEDV and anti-proinflammatory cytokine secretion mechanisms of GLY. We found that PEDV infection had no effect on toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) protein and mRNA levels, but that TLR4 regulated PEDV infection and the mRNA levels of proinflammatory cytokines. In addition, we demonstrated that TLR4 regulated p38 phosphorylation but not extracellular regulated protein kinases1/2 (Erk1/2) and c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK) phosphorylation, and that GLY inhibited p38 phosphorylation but not Erk1/2 and JNK phosphorylation. Therefore, we further explored the relationship between high mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) and p38. We demonstrated that inhibition of HMGB1 using an antibody, mutation, or knockdown decreased p38 phosphorylation. Thus, HMGB1 participated in activation of p38 through TLR4. Collectively, our data indicated that GLY inhibited PEDV infection and decreased proinflammatory cytokine secretion via the HMGB1/TLR4-mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) p38 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruyi Gao
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (R.G.); (Y.Z.); (Y.K.); (W.X.); (L.J.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Key Laboratory of Avian Bioproduct Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yongshuai Zhang
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (R.G.); (Y.Z.); (Y.K.); (W.X.); (L.J.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Key Laboratory of Avian Bioproduct Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yuhui Kang
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (R.G.); (Y.Z.); (Y.K.); (W.X.); (L.J.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Key Laboratory of Avian Bioproduct Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Weiyin Xu
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (R.G.); (Y.Z.); (Y.K.); (W.X.); (L.J.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Key Laboratory of Avian Bioproduct Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Luyao Jiang
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (R.G.); (Y.Z.); (Y.K.); (W.X.); (L.J.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Key Laboratory of Avian Bioproduct Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Tingting Guo
- College of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China;
| | - Changchao Huan
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (R.G.); (Y.Z.); (Y.K.); (W.X.); (L.J.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Key Laboratory of Avian Bioproduct Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +13-585-232-936
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