1
|
Milićević V, Šolaja S, Glišić D, Ninković M, Milovanović B, Đorđević M, Ristevski S, Spasojević F, Dačić M. Bovine Parainfluenza Virus 3 and Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus: Dominant Viral Players in Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex among Serbian Cattle. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1458. [PMID: 38791675 PMCID: PMC11117219 DOI: 10.3390/ani14101458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Bovine respiratory disease complex, a complex respiratory ailment in cattle, results from a combination of viral and bacterial factors, compounded by environmental stressors such as overcrowding, transportation, and adverse weather conditions. Its impact extends beyond mere health concerns, posing significant economic threats to the cattle industry. This study presents an extensive investigation into viral pathogens associated with BRDC in Serbian cattle, utilizing serum samples and nasal swabs. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2024 across 65 randomly selected dairy farms in Serbia, excluding farms with vaccinated cattle. The farms were categorized by their livestock count: small (≤50 animals), medium (51-200 animals), and large (>200 animals). Serum samples from adult cattle older than 24 months were tested for antibodies against BVDV, BHV-1, BRSV, and BPIV3. Nasal swab samples from the animals with respiratory signs were tested using PCR for viral genome detection. The results showed seropositivity for all four viruses across all of the farms, with BPIV3 exhibiting universal seropositivity. Medium-sized and large farms demonstrated higher levels of seropositivity for BRSV and BHV-1 compared to small farms (p < 0.05). Our true seroprevalence estimates at the animal level were 84.29% for BRSV, 54.08% for BVDV, 90.61% for BHV-1, and 84.59% for BPIV3. A PCR analysis of the nasal swabs revealed positive detections for BRSV (20%), BHV-1 (1.7%), BVDV (8%), and BPIV3 (10.9%). Influenza D virus was not found in any of the samples. This study provides critical insights into the prevalence and circulation of viral pathogens associated with BRDC in Serbian cattle, emphasizing the importance of surveillance and control measures to mitigate the impact of respiratory diseases in cattle populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vesna Milićević
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine of Serbia, Janisa Janulisa 14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (S.Š.); (D.G.); (M.N.); (B.M.)
| | - Sofija Šolaja
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine of Serbia, Janisa Janulisa 14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (S.Š.); (D.G.); (M.N.); (B.M.)
| | - Dimitrije Glišić
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine of Serbia, Janisa Janulisa 14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (S.Š.); (D.G.); (M.N.); (B.M.)
| | - Milan Ninković
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine of Serbia, Janisa Janulisa 14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (S.Š.); (D.G.); (M.N.); (B.M.)
| | - Bojan Milovanović
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine of Serbia, Janisa Janulisa 14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (S.Š.); (D.G.); (M.N.); (B.M.)
| | - Milan Đorđević
- Veterinary Clinic “Mladenovac”, Kralja Petra I 347, 11400 Mladenovac, Serbia;
| | | | - Filip Spasojević
- Al Dahra Srbija doo, Gorskih Jasenova 4, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Miroljub Dačić
- Veterinary Specialized Institute “Jagodina”, Boška Jovića 6, 35000 Jagodina, Serbia;
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Silva DG, Quintino-de-Carvalho IL, Oliveira FMS, Cardoso MS, de Brito Toscano EC, Oliveira BDS, Brito LF, Teixeira LCR, Sousa LP, Vieira ÉLM, Teixeira AL, Fujiwara RT, de Miranda AS, Rachid MA. Innate and adaptive immune gene expression in the brain is associated with neuropathological changes after infection with bovine alpha-herpesvirus-5 in mice. Vet Microbiol 2023; 285:109845. [PMID: 37634288 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2023.109845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Bovine alpha herpesvirus-5 (BoAHV-5) is related to the development of meningoencephalitis in cattle. Very little is known about the molecular pathways involved in the central nervous system (CNS) damage associated with inflammation during BoHV-5 infection in mice. To better identify the specific immunological pathways triggered by BoAHV-5 infection in mice, we evaluated the mRNA expression of 84 genes involved in innate and adaptive immune responses. We compared gene expression changes in the cerebrum from noninfected and infected mice with BoHV-5 at a 1 × 107 TCID50. Then, we analyzed the association of these genes with neurological signs, neuropathology, and activation of glial cells in response to BoHV-5 infection. Three days after BoAHV-5 infection, increased expression of TNF, IL-2, CXCL10, CXCR3, CCR4, CCL5, IFN-γ, IL-10, IRF7, STAT1, MX1, GATA 3 C3, LIZ2, caspase-1 and IL-1b was found. We also observed the upregulated expression of the CD8a, TBX21 and CD40LG genes and the downregulated expression of the CD4 gene after BoAHV-5 infection. In addition, BoHV-5-infected animals showed higher levels of all the evaluated inflammatory mediators (TNF, IFN-γ and IL-10) on day 3 postinfection. BoAHV-5-infected animals showed neurological changes along with meningoencephalitis, neuropil vacuolation, hemorrhage and reactive gliosis. Astrogliosis and microgliosis, indicated by increased expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba-1), were found throughout the neuropil in infected brains. Moreover, cleaved caspase-3 immunopositive glio-inflammatory cells were visualized around some blood vessels in areas of neuroinflammation in the cerebrum. In agreement on that we found higher cleaved caspase-3 and Iba-1 expression evaluated by western blot analysis in the brains of infected mice compared to control mice. In conclusion, our results revealed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Gonçalves Silva
- Departamento de Patologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | - Mariana Santos Cardoso
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Bruna da Silva Oliveira
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, MG, Brazil
| | - Larissa Froede Brito
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Lirlândia Pires Sousa
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, MG, Brazil
| | - Érica Leandro Marciano Vieira
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investigação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, MG, Brazil
| | - Antônio Lúcio Teixeira
- Neuropsychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ricardo Toshio Fujiwara
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, MG, Brazil
| | - Aline Silva de Miranda
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, MG, Brazil
| | - Milene Alvarenga Rachid
- Departamento de Patologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, MG, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Thompson BH, Sharp CP, Dry IR, Dalziel RG, Gaunt ER. 1 Cellular protein TTC4 and its cofactor HSP90 are pro-viral for bovine herpesvirus 1. Virus Res 2022; 321:198927. [PMID: 36100007 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2022.198927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Bovine Herpesvirus Type 1 (BoHV-1) infection causes infectious bovine rhinotracheitis and genital disease in cattle, with significant economic and welfare impacts. However, the role of cellular host factors during viral replication remains poorly characterised. A previously performed genome-wide CRISPR knockout screen identified pro- and antiviral host factors acting during BoHV-1 replication. Herein we validate a pro-viral role for a candidate from this screen: the cellular protein tetracopeptide repeat protein 4 (TTC4). We show that TTC4 transcript production is upregulated during BoHV-1 infection. Depletion of TTC4 protein impairs BoHV-1 protein production but does not reduce production of infectious virions, whereas overexpression of exogenous TTC4 results in a significant increase in production of infectious BoHV-1 virions. TTC4 itself is poorly characterized (especially in the context of virus infection), but is a known co-chaperone of heat shock protein 90 (HSP90). HSP90 has a well-characterized pro-viral role during the replication of diverse herpesviruses, and we therefore hypothesized that HSP90 is also pro-viral for BoHV-1. Drug-mediated inhibition of HSP90 using geldanamycin at sub-cytotoxic concentrations inhibited both BoHV-1 protein production and viral genome replication, indicating a pro-viral role for HSP90 during BoHV-1 infection. Our data demonstrates pro-viral roles for both TTC4 and HSP90 during BoHV-1 replication; possibly, interactions between these two proteins are required for optimal BoHV-1 replication, or the two proteins may have independent pro-viral roles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beth H Thompson
- The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Edinburgh, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Colin P Sharp
- The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Edinburgh, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Inga R Dry
- The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Edinburgh, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Robert G Dalziel
- The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Edinburgh, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Eleanor R Gaunt
- The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Edinburgh, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Holley LC, Medina‐Torres CE. Systematic review of the putative role of herpesviruses in pulmonary fibrosis in horses and humans. EQUINE VET EDUC 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.13492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. C. Holley
- School of Veterinary Science The University of Queensland Gatton Queensland Australia
| | - C. E. Medina‐Torres
- School of Veterinary Science The University of Queensland Gatton Queensland Australia
- Pferdeklinik Leichlingen GmbH Leichlingen Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bovine Herpesvirus 1 Invasion of Sensory Neurons by Retrograde Axonal Transport Is Dependent on the pUL37 Region 2 Effector. J Virol 2022; 96:e0148621. [PMID: 35420461 PMCID: PMC9093089 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01486-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Following exposure and replication at mucosal surfaces, most alphaherpesviruses invade the peripheral nervous system by retrograde axonal transport and establish lifelong latent infections in the peripheral ganglia. Reactivation of ganglionic infections is followed by anterograde axonal transport of virions back to body surfaces where viral replication results in disease that can range from moderate to severe in presentation. In the case of bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1), replication in the epithelial mucosa presents as infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR), a respiratory disease of significant economic impact. In this study, we provide a live-cell analysis of BoHV-1 retrograde axonal transport relative to the model alphaherpesvirus pathogen pseudorabies virus (PRV) and demonstrate that this critical neuroinvasive step is conserved between the two viruses. In addition, we report that the BoHV-1 pUL37 tegument protein supports processive retrograde motion in infected axons and invasion of the calf peripheral nervous system. IMPORTANCE A molecular and cellular understanding of the retrograde axonal transport process that underlies the neuroinvasive properties of the alphaherpesviruses is established from studies of herpes simplex virus and pseudorabies virus. The degree to which this phenotype is conserved in other related viruses has largely not been examined. We provide a time-lapse analysis of the retrograde axonal transport kinetics of bovine herpesvirus 1 and demonstrate that mutation of the pUL37 region 2 effector affords a strategy to produce live-attenuated vaccines for enhanced protection of cattle.
Collapse
|
6
|
Lechmann J, Ackermann M, Kaiser V, Bachofen C. Viral infections shared between water buffaloes and small ruminants in Switzerland. J Vet Diagn Invest 2021; 33:894-905. [PMID: 34166139 DOI: 10.1177/10406387211027131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Importation of exotic animals that may harbor infectious agents poses risks for native species with potentially severe impacts on animal health and animal production. Although the Asian water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) population in Europe is steadily increasing, its susceptibility to viral infections and its role for interspecies transmission is largely unknown. To identify viral infections that are shared between exotic water buffaloes and native small ruminants, we collected blood samples from 3 Swiss farms on which water buffaloes were kept either without, or together with, sheep or goats. These samples were analyzed by next-generation sequencing (NGS) as well as by selected conventional tests, including PCR, ELISA, and in some cases a virus neutralization test. By NGS, a novel virus of the genus Gemykrogvirus (GyKV; Genomoviridae) was first detected in the buffaloes on one farm, and subsequently confirmed by PCR, and was also detected in the co-housed sheep. In contrast, this virus was not detected in buffaloes on the farms without sheep. Moreover, conventional methods identified a number of viral infections that were not shared between the exotic and the native animals, and provided evidence for potential roles of water buffaloes in the epidemiology of ruminant pestiviruses, especially bovine viral diarrhea virus, bluetongue virus, and possibly bovine alphaherpesvirus 2. Our results clearly indicate that water buffaloes are susceptible to interspecies viral transmission and may act as intermediate hosts, or even as reservoirs, for these viruses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Lechmann
- Institute of Virology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mathias Ackermann
- Institute of Virology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Vanessa Kaiser
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Current address: MSD Animal Health, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Bachofen
- Institute of Virology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Fan W, Yuan W, Ding X, Zhu L. β-catenin has potential effects on the expression, subcellular localization, and release of high mobility group box 1 during bovine herpesvirus 1 productive infection in MDBK cell culture. Virulence 2021; 12:1345-1361. [PMID: 34008469 PMCID: PMC8143255 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2021.1926409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), a ubiquitous DNA-binding protein, can be released into extracellular space and function as a strong proinflammatory cytokine, which plays critical roles in the pathogenesis of various inflammatory diseases. Here, we showed that BoHV-1 productive infection in MDBK cells at later stage significantly increases HMGB1 mRNA expression and the protein release, but decreases the steady-state protein levels. Virus infection increases accumulation of HMGB1 protein in both nucleus and mitochondria, and relocalizes nuclear HMGB1 to assemble in highlighted foci via a confocal microscope assay. Interestingly, β-catenin-specific inhibitor iCRT14 is able to increase HMGB1 transcription and the protein release, and subcellular translocation in virus-infected cells. HMGB1-specific inhibitor, glycyrrhizin, could differentially affect virus gene transcription such as, the viral regulatory protein bICP0, bICP4 and bICP22, as well as glycoprotein gD. In summary, our data provides a novel mechanism that β-catenin signaling may regulate inflammatory response via affecting HMGB1 signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenqing Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University and Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou China.,College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding China
| | - Weifeng Yuan
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing China
| | - Xiuyan Ding
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University and Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou China.,College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding China
| | - Liqian Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University and Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou China.,College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Mandelik R, Bires J, Ozsvari L, Hodnik JJ, Vilcek S. Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis Control Program in Slovakia. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:675521. [PMID: 34055957 PMCID: PMC8149606 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.675521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As for other European countries, IBR is a significant cause of financial losses in cattle in Slovakia. The State Veterinary and Food Administration of the Slovak Republic prepared a voluntary IBR control program for cattle farms in 1995, which was implemented in 1996. In subsequent years, 48-119 farms/year enrolled in the voluntary IBR control program. Since the end of 2006, the IBR control program became compulsory by law for all cattle farms in Slovakia. Serology was used to identify infected animals using a conventional ELISA amongst non-vaccinated cattle and a gE specific ELISA in cattle vaccinated with marker vaccine. Eradication is based on culling when the serological prevalence of IBR in a herd is below 15%. When the prevalence is higher than 15%, the culling is combined with the application of a marker vaccine. A radical method where all animals are slaughtered is used with the agreement of the farmer when appropriate, especially for very small herds. Depending upon the selected eradication method, the antibody positive cattle can be gradually replaced in the herds to eliminate financial losses due to the disease. The movement of cattle is under strict control requiring a health certificate issued by the state veterinary authority and the movement must be recorded in the central livestock registry. The next step for herds is monitoring to achieve official IBR-free status. Based on the official figures from The State Veterinary and Food Administration, 60.2% herds were free of IBR in Slovakia in 2020.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rene Mandelik
- Department of Epizootiology, Parasitology and Protection of One Health, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Jozef Bires
- The State Veterinary and Food Administration of The Slovak Republic, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Laszlo Ozsvari
- Department of Veterinary Forensics and Economics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Jaka Jakob Hodnik
- Clinic for Reproduction and Large Animals, Section for Ruminants, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Stefan Vilcek
- Department of Epizootiology, Parasitology and Protection of One Health, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Košice, Slovakia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
DA SILVA DG, de CARVALHO ILQ, TOSCANO ECDB, SANTOS BÁDSS, OLIVEIRA BDS, CAMPOS MA, da FONSECA FG, CAMARGOS QM, de SOUSA GF, CALIARI MV, TEIXEIRA AL, de MIRANDA AS, RACHID MA. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor is down regulated after bovine alpha-herpesvirus 5 infection in both wild-type and TLR3/7/9 deficient mice. J Vet Med Sci 2021; 83:180-186. [PMID: 33281142 PMCID: PMC7972877 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.20-0204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurotrophic factors have been implicated in the control of neuronal survival and plasticity in different brain diseases. Meningoencephalitis caused by bovine alpha-herpesvirus 5 (BoHV-5) infection is a frequent neurological disease of young cattle, being the involvement of apoptosis in the development of neuropathological changes frequently discussed in the literature. It's well known that Toll-like receptors (TLRs) can activate neuroinflammatory response and consequently lead to neuronal loss. However, there are no studies evaluating the expression of neurotrophic factors and their association with brain pathology and TLRs during the infection by BoHV-5. The current study aimed to analyze brain levels of neurotrophic factors along with neuropathological changes during acute infection by BoHV-5 in wild-type (WT) and TLR3/7/9 (TLR3/7/9-/-) deficiency mice. The infection was induced by intracranial inoculation of 1 × 104 TCID50 of BoHV-5. Infected animals presented similar degrees of clinical signs and neuropathological changes. Both infected groups had meningoencephalitis and neuronal damage in CA regions from hippocampus. BoHV-5 infection promoted the proliferation of Iba-1 positive cells throughout the neuropil, mainly located in the frontal cortex. Moreover, significant lower levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) were detected in both BoHV-5 infected WT and TLR3/7/9 deficient mice, compared with non-infected animals. Our study showed that BDNF down regulation was associated with brain inflammation, reactive microgliosis and neuronal loss after bovine alpha-herpesvirus 5 infection in mice. Moreover, we demonstrated that combined TLR3/7/9 deficiency does not alter those parameters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Gonçalves DA SILVA
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Department
of General Pathology, Biological Science Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais,
Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Iracema Luisa Quintino de CARVALHO
- Department of Microbiology, Biological Science Institute,
Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Eliana Cristina de Brito TOSCANO
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Department
of General Pathology, Biological Science Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais,
Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Álvares da Silva Senra SANTOS
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Preventive
Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary School, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo
Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Bruna da Silva OLIVEIRA
- Department of Morphology, Biological Science Institute,
Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Marco Antônio CAMPOS
- René Rachou Institute, Fiocruz Minas, Belo Horizonte, Minas
Gerais, 30190-002, Brazil
| | - Flávio Guimarães da FONSECA
- Department of Microbiology, Biological Science Institute,
Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Quezya Mendes CAMARGOS
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Department
of General Pathology, Biological Science Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais,
Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Ferreira de SOUSA
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Department
of General Pathology, Biological Science Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais,
Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Vidigal CALIARI
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Department
of General Pathology, Biological Science Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais,
Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Antônio Lúcio TEIXEIRA
- Neuropsychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and
Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at
Houston, TX, 77054, USA
| | - Aline Silva de MIRANDA
- Department of Morphology, Biological Science Institute,
Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Milene Alvarenga RACHID
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Department
of General Pathology, Biological Science Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais,
Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Peltzer D, Tobler K, Fraefel C, Maley M, Bachofen C. Rapid and simple colorimetric loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay for the detection of Bovine alphaherpesvirus 1. J Virol Methods 2020; 289:114041. [PMID: 33309756 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2020.114041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
As the causative agent of Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR) and Infectious Pustular Vulvovaginitis/Balanoposthitis (IPV/IPB), Bovine alphaherpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) is responsible for high economic losses in the cattle industry worldwide. This study aimed to establish a fast, colorimetric loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay for the detection of viral DNA. Phenol red is used as pH-sensitive readout, relying on a distinct color change from pink to yellow in case of a positive reaction. LAMP reactions with different primers were compared and a newly designed set targeting the gene encoding the tegument protein V67 provided best results, enabling readout within 8-30 min. LAMP showed less cross-reactions with other ruminant alphaherpesviruses than qPCR but was 10-fold less sensitive. However, LAMP still detected down to 14 copies. The test performance was evaluated using 26 well-characterized nasal swabs from cattle with respiratory disease. All samples were correctly identified when using column-extracted DNA. Using a simple DNA precipitation method, only two weak-positive samples turned indeterminate. Combining this DNA precipitation with a makeshift water bath heated by a gastronomic immersion heater allowed successful application of the colorimetric LAMP assay under resource-limited conditions. This technique can therefore help in managing IBR/IPV outbreaks where sophisticated laboratory equipment is unavailable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Peltzer
- Institute of Virology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Kurt Tobler
- Institute of Virology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cornel Fraefel
- Institute of Virology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Madeleine Maley
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Penicuik, Midlothian, EH26 0PZ, UK
| | - Claudia Bachofen
- Institute of Virology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Burucúa MM, Pérez SE, Odeón AC, Cobo ER, Quintana S, Marin MS. Cathelicidin bovine myeloid antimicrobial peptide (BMAP) 28 is involved in the inflammatory response against alpha-herpesviruses in the bovine nervous system. Mol Immunol 2020; 122:148-155. [PMID: 32361417 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2020.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The role of the local innate immune response in the neuropathogenesis of bovine herpesvirus (BoHV) type 1 and 5 remains largely unknown. This study determined the gene transcriptional expression of relevant bovine cathelicidins, TNFα and IFNβ in the nervous system of experimentally-infected cattle during the different stages of BoHV-1 and BoHV-5 infectious cycle. We studied the modulation of bovine myeloid antimicrobial peptide (BMAP) 27 and 28 by alpha-herpesviruses during acute infection of the central nervous system (CNS). However, BMAP28 was the main cathelicidin modulated. BoHV-5 supressed BMAP28 expression mainly in frontal cortex and cervical medulla whereas BoHV-1 slightly induced the expression of cathelicidins in the olfactory and posterior cortex. The differences in the regulation of the innate response are likely related to distinct replication rates of both alpha-herpesviruses in the CNS. During latency and reactivation, BoHV-1 and -5 decreased BMAP28 and BMAP27 expression, accompanied by high levels of TNFα and IFNβ transcripts in the posterior brain region and medulla during BoHV reactivation. In terms of cytokines, a remarkably overexpression of IFNβ was induced by BoHV-5 (133.8-fold). In trigeminal ganglion (TG) both alpha-herpesviruses induced cathelidicins gene expression at all stages of the infection cycle, while only acute BoHV-5 infection increased TNFα (129-fold) mRNA levels. This study suggests that the pronounced downregulation of BMAP28 in BoHV-5-acutely-infected CNS is due to a decreased immune stimulation during viral infection, favouring its establishment in the CNS with a low replication rate until latency. Thus, cathelicidins, together with IFNβ and TNFα, are differentially regulated by BoHV-5 and BoHV-1 infections and this regulation is dependent on the stage of virus infection in the bovine nervous system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M M Burucúa
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Rivadavia 1917, C1033AAJ, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce, Ruta 226 Km 73.5 (7620), Balcarce, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - S E Pérez
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Rivadavia 1917, C1033AAJ, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, CIVETAN, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Paraje Arroyo Seco S/N, Tandil 7000, Argentina
| | - A C Odeón
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Ruta 226 Km 73.5 (7620), Balcarce, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - E R Cobo
- Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Canada
| | - S Quintana
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Rivadavia 1917, C1033AAJ, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Centro de Investigación en Abejas Sociales, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, UNMDP, Funes, 3350, (7600) Mar del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M S Marin
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Rivadavia 1917, C1033AAJ, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce, Ruta 226 Km 73.5 (7620), Balcarce, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Transfusion-transmitted cytomegalovirus: behaviour of cell-free virus during blood component processing. A study on the safety of labile blood components in Switzerland. BLOOD TRANSFUSION = TRASFUSIONE DEL SANGUE 2020; 18:446-453. [PMID: 32203012 DOI: 10.2450/2020.0241-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nowadays, most blood products are leukocyte-reduced. After this procedure, the residual risk for transfusion transmitted cytomegalovirus (TT-CMV) is mostly attributed to cell-free viruses in the plasma of blood donors following primary infection or viral reactivation. Here, objectives are: 1) to study the behaviour of cell-free CMV through the blood component processing; 2) to determine the anti-CMV seroprevalence, the level of viremia, the window-period in blood donor population; and 3) to identify cases of TT-CMV in bone marrow transplant (BMT) recipients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cell-free CMV was injected into blood bags originating from regular donors. Blood components were processed according to either the CompoSelect® or the CompoFlow® (Fresenius Kabi AG) techniques. Samples were analysed at each step for presence of virus DNA using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The anti-CMV seroprevalence in our donor population was taken from our donor data system. The viremia was assessed in pooled plasmas samples from routine donations by quantitative PCR. Medical charts of 165 BMT anti-CMV seronegative recipients/anti-CMV seronegative donors who received CMV-unscreened blood products were reviewed. RESULTS Cell-free CMV passes without any decrease in viral load through all stages of blood processing. The anti-CMV seroprevalence was 46.13%. Four DNA positive samples out of 42,240 individual blood donations were identified (0.009%); all had low levels of viremia (range 11-255 IU/mL). No window-period donation was identified. No TT-CMV was found. DISCUSSION Cell-free CMV remains a concern with current blood component processing as it passes through all the processes. However, since low levels of CMV DNA were identified in the donations tested, and no BMT recipients had TT-CMV, the residual threat of TT-CMV after leukocyte reduction appears to be very low.
Collapse
|
13
|
Investigating the expression of ALS2 and ALS9 genes along with allele frequency of ALS9 in patients with vulvovaginal candidiasis. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2020; 82:104253. [PMID: 32084624 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is a vaginal mucosal infection that usually infects women in their reproductive age. When the signs of VVC persist on a daily basis or last for a long time and repeat at least three times per year, the disease is considered chronic and recurrent. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to determine the expression rate of 2 genes responsible for adhesion and virulence of candida in RVVC patients using Real-time PCR, and comparing them together and assess the presence or absence of ALS9-2 allele in these patients. PATIENTS/METHODS The vaginal discharge was collected from 120 women aged (22-55) attending lolagar hospital which were all diagnosed with RVVC and 120 age-matched healthy controls. The expression rate of ALS2 and ALS 9 genes was quantified using real-time PCR. PCR method was used for Identification of ALS9 gene alleles. RESULTS Results showed an increase in ALS2 gene expression and a decrease in ALS9 gene expression, comparing to basic level and standard sample. 42.5% (51 of total 120 samples) contained the small allele. CONCLUSIONS The significant difference in expression rates of ALS2 and ALS9 genes indicates their different roles in making morphogenesis changes during the virulence of Candida albicans. Emergence of heterogeneous form and detection of ALS's short allele in invasive form of fungi proves the significant pathogenic role of this allele, specially when attached to mucosal tissue. Invasive and recurrent form of the disease can be accompanied by genetic-morphologic changes in fungi. Considering the form of this disease and the reduction in ALS9 gene expression, it can be concluded that this gene plays a significant role in attachment and initiation of the pathogenic phase.
Collapse
|
14
|
Marin M, Burucúa M, Rensetti D, Rosales JJ, Odeón A, Pérez S. Distinctive features of bovine alphaherpesvirus types 1 and 5 and the virus-host interactions that might influence clinical outcomes. Arch Virol 2019; 165:285-301. [PMID: 31845150 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-019-04494-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Bovine herpesvirus types 1 (BoHV-1) and 5 (BoHV-5) are two closely related alphaherpesviruses. BoHV-1 causes several syndromes in cattle, including respiratory disease and sporadic cases of encephalitis, whereas BoHV-5 is responsible for meningoencephalitis in calves. Although both viruses are neurotropic, they differ in their neuropathogenic potential. This review summarizes the findings on the specific mechanisms and pathways known to modulate the pathogenesis of BoHV-1 and BoHV-5, particularly in relation to respiratory and neurological syndromes, which characterize BoHV-1 and BoHV-5 infections, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maia Marin
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce, Ruta 226 Km 73.5, Balcarce, 7620, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Rivadavia 1917, C1033AAJ, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mercedes Burucúa
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce, Ruta 226 Km 73.5, Balcarce, 7620, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Rivadavia 1917, C1033AAJ, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniel Rensetti
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Paraje Arroyo Seco S/N, 7000, Tandil, Argentina
| | - Juan José Rosales
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Paraje Arroyo Seco S/N, 7000, Tandil, Argentina.,Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN)-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Paraje Arroyo Seco S/N, 7000, Tandil, Argentina
| | - Anselmo Odeón
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce, Ruta 226 Km 73.5, Balcarce, 7620, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sandra Pérez
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Paraje Arroyo Seco S/N, 7000, Tandil, Argentina. .,Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN)-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Paraje Arroyo Seco S/N, 7000, Tandil, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
El-Mohamady RS, Ghattas TA, Zawrah MF, Abd El-Hafeiz YGM. Inhibitory effect of silver nanoparticles on bovine herpesvirus-1. Int J Vet Sci Med 2018; 6:296-300. [PMID: 30564612 PMCID: PMC6286414 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijvsm.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rania S El-Mohamady
- Animal Reproduction Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, 12556 Haram, Giza, Egypt
| | - T A Ghattas
- Animal Reproduction Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, 12556 Haram, Giza, Egypt
| | - M F Zawrah
- National Research Center, Ceramics, Refractories and Building Materials Department, 12622-Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Y G M Abd El-Hafeiz
- Animal Reproduction Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, 12556 Haram, Giza, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Susceptibility of mice to bovine herpesvirus type 5 infection in the central nervous system. Vet Res Commun 2017; 41:279-288. [PMID: 28942490 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-017-9699-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Bovine herpesvirus type 5 (BoHV-5) is an important pathogen that causes meningoencephalitis in cattle. Few studies have used the mouse as a model for BoHV-5 infection. Despite the fact that BoHV-5 can infect mice with immune deficiencies, little is known about viral replication, immune response, and the course of infection in the central nervous system (CNS) of wild-type mice. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the response in the CNS of BALB/c mice acutely infected with BoHV-5 at different days post-inoculation (dpi). BoHV-5, when inoculated intracranially, was able to infect and replicate within the CNS of BALB/c mice. Until 15 dpi, the mice were able to survive without showing prominent neurological signs. The infection was accompanied by a Th1 immune response, with a significant expression of the cytokines IFN-γ and TNF-α and chemokine CCL-2. The expression of these cytokines and chemokines was most significant in the early course of infection (3 and 4 dpi), and it was followed by meningoencephalitis with perivascular cuffing and periventriculitis, composed mainly of macrophages and lymphocytes. After the expression of cytokines and chemokine, the mice were able to curb BoHV-5 acute infection in the brain, since there was a decrease in the number of BoHV-5 DNA copies after 3 dpi and viable viral particles were not detected after 6 dpi. Importantly, BoHV-5 was able to infect the trigeminal ganglia during acute infection, since a large number of BoHV-5 DNA copies were detected on 1 and 2 dpi.
Collapse
|
17
|
Osman R, Gonzalez-Cano P, Brownlie R, Griebel PJ. Induction of interferon and interferon-induced antiviral effector genes following a primary bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1) respiratory infection. J Gen Virol 2017; 98:1831-1842. [PMID: 28675355 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Invitro investigations have identified a variety of mechanisms by which herpesviruses evade interferon-stimulated antiviral effector mechanisms. However, these immune evasion mechanisms have not been evaluated during a bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1) infection. This study investigated the transcription and secretion of type I and II interferons (IFNs) and the transcription of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) during a primary BHV-1 infection of the upper respiratory tract (URT) in naïve calves. IFN-α, -β and -γ transcription in nasal turbinates and protein levels in nasal secretions increased following infection. Increased IFN type I and II secretion was detected 3 days post-infection (p.i.) and IFN production increased in parallel with virus shedding. Expression of ISGs, including Mx1, OAS and BST-2, also increased significantly (P<0.05) in nasal turbinates on day 3 p.i. and elevated ISG expression persisted throughout the period of viral shedding. In contrast, RNAase L gene expression was not induced during the BHV-1 infection in the nasal turbinates, but was induced on day 10 p.i. in the trachea. In vitro studies confirmed that recombinant bovine (rBo)IFN-α, -β and -γ induced expression of Mx1, OAS and BST-2, but decreased RNAse L transcript in bovine epithelial cells. Relative to vesicular stomatitisvirus (VSV), BHV-1 was resistant to the antiviral activity of rBoIFN-α and -γ, but treatment of epithelial cells with 10 ng rBoIFN-β ml-1 effected an 80 % inhibition of BHV-1 replication and complete inhibition of VSV replication. These observations confirm that the transcription and translation of type I and II IFNs increase during BHV-1 infection, while the transcription of some ISGs is not inhibited.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rahwa Osman
- School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - Patricia Gonzalez-Cano
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E3, Canada
| | - Robert Brownlie
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E3, Canada
| | - Philip J Griebel
- School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5A8, Canada.,Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E3, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Nagy A, Vitásková E, Černíková L, Křivda V, Jiřincová H, Sedlák K, Horníčková J, Havlíčková M. Evaluation of TaqMan qPCR System Integrating Two Identically Labelled Hydrolysis Probes in Single Assay. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41392. [PMID: 28120891 PMCID: PMC5264587 DOI: 10.1038/srep41392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Ongoing evolution of viral pathogens is a significant issue in diagnostic virology employing TaqMan qPCR/RT-qPCR. Specific concerns are related to false negativity due to probe binding failure. One option for compensating for such deficiency is to integrate a second identically labelled probe in the assay. However, how this alteration influences the reaction parameters has not been comprehensively demonstrated. In the present study, we evaluate a TaqMan protocol using two identically labelled hydrolysis probes (simple, LNA (locked-nucleic-acid)) and MGB (minor-groove-binder) modified probes and combinations thereof in a single assay. Our results based on a synthetic amplicon suggest that the second probe does not compromise the TaqMan qPCR/RT-qPCR parameters, which repeatedly and reproducibly remained comparable to those of the corresponding single-probe assays, irrespective of the relative probe orientation, whether opposite or tandem, and probe modifications or combinations thereof. On the other hand, the second probe additively contributed to the overall fluorescence signal. The utility of the dual-probe approach was demonstrated on practical examples by using field specimens. We hope that the present study might serve as a theoretical basis for the development or improvement of TaqMan qPCR/RT-qPCR assays for the detection of highly variable nucleic acid templates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Nagy
- State Veterinary Institute Prague, Laboratory of Molecular Methods, Prague, 16503, Czech Republic.,National Institute of Public Health, National Reference Laboratory for Influenza, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Eliška Vitásková
- State Veterinary Institute Prague, Laboratory of Molecular Methods, Prague, 16503, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Černíková
- State Veterinary Institute Prague, Laboratory of Molecular Methods, Prague, 16503, Czech Republic
| | - Vlastimil Křivda
- State Veterinary Institute Prague, Laboratory of Molecular Methods, Prague, 16503, Czech Republic.,State Veterinary Institute Prague, Department of Virology and Serology, Prague, 16503, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Jiřincová
- National Institute of Public Health, National Reference Laboratory for Influenza, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Sedlák
- State Veterinary Institute Prague, Department of Virology and Serology, Prague, 16503, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Horníčková
- State Veterinary Institute Prague, Department of Virology and Serology, Prague, 16503, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Havlíčková
- National Institute of Public Health, National Reference Laboratory for Influenza, Prague, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Aparecida Silva Barbosa A, Freitas Versiani A, Fonseca da Cunha Sousa L, Silva de Miranda A, Gasparini MR, Brant F, Silva DG, Luisa Quintino-de-Carvalho I, Marianetti Soriani F, Guimarães da Fonseca F, César Vasconcelos A, da Silva Barcelos L, Martins Teixeira M, Lúcio Teixeira A, Machado FS, Barbosa-Stancioli EF, Rachid MA. Role of the suppressor of cytokine signaling 2 (SOCS2) during meningoencephalitis caused by Bovine herpesvirus 5 (BoHV-5). Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2016; 47:26-31. [PMID: 27477504 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2016.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 04/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The role of suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS) in meningoencephalitis caused by Bovine herpesvirus 5 (BoHV-5) was evaluated by intracranial infection in C57BL/6 wild-type mice (WT) and SOCS2 deficient mice (SOCS2(-/-)). Both infected groups presented weight loss, ruffled fur and hunched posture. Additionally, infected SOCS2(-/-) mice showed swollen chamfer and progressive depression. Infected WT animals developed mild meningitis, characterized by infiltration of mononuclear cells. Moreover, viral DNA was detected in liver and lung from infected WT group. This group also showed elevated brain levels of IFN-γ, IL-10, CXCL1 and CCL5, when compared with non-infected WT animals. Brain inflammation was exacerbated in infected SOCS2(-/-) mice with widespread distribution of the virus and increased brain levels of TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-10, IL-12, CXCL1 and CCL5, when compared with WT infected mice. Moreover, infected SOCS2 deficient mice exhibited reduced brain mRNA expression of IFNα and IFNβ and increased expression of mRNA of SOCS1, compared with infected WT mice. Taken together, our study provides an insight into the role of SOCS2 in modulating the immune response to BoHV-5 infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alice Freitas Versiani
- Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, MG, Brazil.
| | | | - Aline Silva de Miranda
- Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, MG, Brazil.
| | | | - Fátima Brant
- Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, MG, Brazil.
| | - Daniele Gonçalves Silva
- Departamentos de Patologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, MG, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | - Anilton César Vasconcelos
- Departamentos de Patologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, MG, Brazil.
| | - Lucíola da Silva Barcelos
- Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, MG, Brazil.
| | - Mauro Martins Teixeira
- Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, MG, Brazil.
| | - Antônio Lúcio Teixeira
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Fabiana Simão Machado
- Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, MG, Brazil.
| | | | - Milene Alvarenga Rachid
- Departamentos de Patologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, MG, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Nagy A, Černíková L, Vitásková E, Křivda V, Dán Á, Dirbáková Z, Jiřincová H, Procházka B, Sedlák K, Havlíčková M. MeltMan: Optimization, Evaluation, and Universal Application of a qPCR System Integrating the TaqMan qPCR and Melting Analysis into a Single Assay. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151204. [PMID: 27031831 PMCID: PMC4816343 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present work, we optimised and evaluated a qPCR system integrating 6-FAM (6-carboxyfluorescein)-labelled TaqMan probes and melting analysis using the SYTO 82 (S82) DNA binding dye in a single reaction. We investigated the influence of the S82 on various TaqMan and melting analysis parameters and defined its optimal concentration. In the next step, the method was evaluated in 36 different TaqMan assays with a total of 729 paired reactions using various DNA and RNA templates, including field specimens. In addition, the melting profiles of interest were correlated with the electrophoretic patterns. We proved that the S82 is fully compatible with the FAM-TaqMan system. Further, the advantages of this approach in routine diagnostic TaqMan qPCR were illustrated with practical examples. These included solving problems with flat or other atypical amplification curves or even false negativity as a result of probe binding failure. Our data clearly show that the integration of the TaqMan qPCR and melting analysis into a single assay provides an additional control option as well as the opportunity to perform more complex analyses, get more data from the reactions, and obtain analysis results with higher confidence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Nagy
- Laboratory of Molecular Methods, State Veterinary Institute Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
- National Reference Laboratory for Influenza, National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic
- * E-mail:
| | - Lenka Černíková
- Laboratory of Molecular Methods, State Veterinary Institute Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Eliška Vitásková
- Laboratory of Molecular Methods, State Veterinary Institute Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vlastimil Křivda
- Laboratory of Molecular Methods, State Veterinary Institute Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Virology and Serology, State Veterinary Institute Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ádám Dán
- National Food Chain Safety Office, Veterinary Diagnostic Directorate, Molecular Biology Laboratory, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zuzana Dirbáková
- Department of Virology, State Veterinary Institute Zvolen, Zvolen, Slovak Republic
| | - Helena Jiřincová
- National Reference Laboratory for Influenza, National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Bohumír Procházka
- Department of Informatics and Biostatistics, National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Sedlák
- Department of Virology and Serology, State Veterinary Institute Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Havlíčková
- National Reference Laboratory for Influenza, National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Marin M, Quintana S, Leunda M, Recavarren M, Pagnuco I, Späth E, Pérez S, Odeón A. A new method for simultaneous detection and discrimination of Bovine herpesvirus types 1 (BoHV-1) and 5 (BoHV-5) using real time PCR with high resolution melting (HRM) analysis. J Virol Methods 2016; 227:14-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2015.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Revised: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
22
|
Trypanosoma evansi infection impairs memory, increases anxiety behaviour and alters neurochemical parameters in rats. Parasitology 2015; 140:1432-41. [PMID: 23965823 DOI: 10.1017/s003118201300108x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate neurochemical and enzymatic changes in rats infected with Trypanosoma evansi, and their interference in the cognitive parameters. Behavioural assessment (assessment of cognitive performance), evaluation of cerebral L-[3H]glutamate uptake, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and Ca+2 and Na+, K+-ATPase activity were evaluated at 5 and 30 days post infection (dpi). This study demonstrates a cognitive impairment in rats infected with T. evansi. At 5 dpi memory deficit was demonstrated by an inhibitory avoidance test. With the chronicity of the disease (30 dpi) animals showed anxiety symptoms. It is possible the inhibition of cerebral Na+, K+-ATPase activity, AChE and synaptosomal glutamate uptake are involved in cognitive impairment in infected rats by T. evansi. The understanding of cerebral host–parasite relationship may shed some light on the cryptic symptoms of animals and possibly human infection where patients often present with other central nervous system (CNS) disorders.
Collapse
|
23
|
Guo L, Yang Y, Liu L, Liao P, Wen Y, Wu H, Cheng S. A proteomic study of the differential protein expression in MDBK cells after bovine herpesvirus type 1 infection (BHV-1) strain treatment. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015; 8:4204-4211. [PMID: 26064331 PMCID: PMC4443165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Different BHV-1 strains, such as the virulent IBRV LN01/08 strains and the attenuated vaccine strain IBRV LNM, produces different clinical immune responses; however, the study of the differential protein expression in Madin-Darby bovine kidney (MDBK) cells after BHV-1-infection still remains unclear. Here, we applied a comparative proteomic strategy, based on 2D and MALDI-TOF/MS platforms, to examine the differential expression of proteins in MDBK cells that were treated and not treated with virulent IBRV LN01/08 and attenuated IBRV LNM strains. A total of eight differential proteins, including pyruvate kinase, heat shock protein (HSP) 90 (HSP90AA1 and HSP90AB1), annexin A, albumin (ALB), scinderin (SCIN), tubulin (alpha 1a) and vimentin (VIM), were identified. Among these proteins, pyruvate kinase, and HSP90 (HSP90AB1), tubulin and vimentin were identified in the virulent IBRV LN01/08 strain group, but were not identified in the attenuated IBRV LNM group. These results play an important role in tumor formation and development, cell migration, tumor cell line apoptosis, cell invasion and viral infection. The HSP90 (HSP90AA1) protein was identified in the control group and the attenuated IBRV LNM-infected group. Most studies have shown that HSP90 proteins were more of a cancer gene target, and inhibiting its function would result to oncogene degradation during cancer treatment. On the other hand, ALB is associated to cell differentiation, apoptosis, necrosis, cell death, viral infection, autophagy, interstitial tissue inflammation, and cell survival. These results provide a theoretical basis for the systematic understanding of BHV-1-infection mechanisms and BHV-1-induced immune responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Economic Animals, Institute of Special Wild Economic Animal and Plant Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesChangchun 130112, Jilin, China
| | - Yanling Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Economic Animals, Institute of Special Wild Economic Animal and Plant Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesChangchun 130112, Jilin, China
| | - Linna Liu
- Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences666 West Liuying Road, Changchun 130112, Jilin, China
| | - Peng Liao
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of SciencesChangsha 410125, Hunan, China
| | - Yongjun Wen
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Economic Animals, Institute of Special Wild Economic Animal and Plant Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesChangchun 130112, Jilin, China
| | - Hua Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Economic Animals, Institute of Special Wild Economic Animal and Plant Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesChangchun 130112, Jilin, China
| | - Shipeng Cheng
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Economic Animals, Institute of Special Wild Economic Animal and Plant Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesChangchun 130112, Jilin, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Cuddington B, Verschoor M, Mossman K. Handling of the cotton rat in studies for the pre-clinical evaluation of oncolytic viruses. J Vis Exp 2014:e52232. [PMID: 25490047 DOI: 10.3791/52232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses are a novel anticancer therapy with the ability to target tumor cells, while leaving healthy cells intact. For this strategy to be successful, recent studies have shown that involvement of the host immune system is essential. Therefore, oncolytic virotherapy should be evaluated within the context of an immunocompetent model. Furthermore, the study of antitumor therapies in tolerized animal models may better recapitulate results seen in clinical trials. Cotton rats, commonly used to study respiratory viruses, are an attractive model to study oncolytic virotherapy as syngeneic models of mammary carcinoma and osteosarcoma are well established. However, there is a lack of published information on the proper handling procedure for these highly excitable rodents. The handling and capture approach outlined minimizes animal stress to facilitate experimentation. This technique hinges upon the ability of the researcher to keep calm during handling and perform procedures in a timely fashion. Finally, we describe how to prepare cotton rat mammary tumor cells for consistent subcutaneous tumor formation, and how to perform intratumoral and intraperitoneal injections. These methods can be applied to a wide range of studies furthering the development of the cotton rat as a relevant pre-clinical model to study antitumor therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Breanne Cuddington
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University
| | - Meghan Verschoor
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University
| | - Karen Mossman
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University;
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Toll-like receptor expression in the nervous system of bovine alpha-herpesvirus-infected calves. Res Vet Sci 2014; 97:422-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2014.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Revised: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
26
|
Detection of border disease virus (BDV) genotype 3 in Italian goat herds. Vet J 2014; 199:446-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2013.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Revised: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
27
|
Biswas S, Bandyopadhyay S, Dimri U, H. Patra P. Bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1) – a re-emerging concern in livestock: a revisit to its biology, epidemiology, diagnosis, and prophylaxis. Vet Q 2013; 33:68-81. [DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2013.799301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Suman Biswas
- Division of Medicine, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
| | | | - Umesh Dimri
- Division of Medicine, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
| | - Pabitra H. Patra
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, C.V.Sc. & AH, Tripura, India
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Chandranaik BM, Rathnamma D, Patil SS, Kovi RC, Dhawan J, Ranganatha S, Isloor S, Renukaprasad C, Prabhudas K. Development of a probe based real time PCR assay for detection of bovine herpes virus-1 in semen and other clinical samples. INDIAN JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY : AN OFFICIAL ORGAN OF INDIAN VIROLOGICAL SOCIETY 2013; 24:16-26. [PMID: 24426253 PMCID: PMC3650191 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-012-0112-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2012] [Accepted: 09/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This study describes development of a TaqMan probe based real time PCR assay that can detect BoHV-1 of as low as 0.001 TCID50/0.1 ml in clinical samples, its comparative evaluation with indirect ELISA and virus isolation for detection of Bovine herpes virus-1 (BoHV-1) in semen and swab clinical samples. For this study, we collected samples from 212 animals (cattle and buffaloes) comprising 91 bulls and 121 females. Avidin-biotin ELISA employed on serum samples from 212 animals revealed 74 as seropositive for BoHV-1. On inoculation of semen/swabs on MDBK cell line, nine samples yielded cytopathic changes characteristic of herpes viruses. The isolates were confirmed by VNT and a conventional PCR. A real time PCR assay was standardised by designing a new set of TaqMan probe and primers targeting a 71 bp region on gB gene of the virus. The assay detected viral antigen in 21 seropositive and 14 seronegative animals, emphasizing the relevance of serology in BoHV-1 diagnosis, particularly in breeding stations. Further, real time PCR assay was 100 % sensitive and 87.19 % specific compared to virus isolation in detection of the BoHV-1 in clinical samples. The assay was validated at reputed national laboratories, with a sensitivity of ≥99 %.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Basavegowdanadoddi Marinaik Chandranaik
- />Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Veterinary College, Karnataka Veterinary Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Hebbal, Bangalore, 560 024 Karnataka India
| | - Doddamane Rathnamma
- />Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Veterinary College, Karnataka Veterinary Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Hebbal, Bangalore, 560 024 Karnataka India
| | - S. S. Patil
- />Project Directorate on Animal Disease Monitoring and Surveillance, Hebbal, Bangalore, 560 024 Karnataka India
| | - Ramesh C. Kovi
- />Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108 USA
| | - Jyotsana Dhawan
- />Institute of Stem Cells, National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bangalore, 560 065 Karnataka India
| | - Shakunigowda Ranganatha
- />Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Veterinary College, Karnataka Veterinary Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Hebbal, Bangalore, 560 024 Karnataka India
| | - Shrikrishna Isloor
- />Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Veterinary College, Karnataka Veterinary Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Hebbal, Bangalore, 560 024 Karnataka India
| | - C. Renukaprasad
- />Institute of Animal Health and Veterinary Biologicals, Bangalore, 560 024 India
| | - K. Prabhudas
- />Project Directorate on Animal Disease Monitoring and Surveillance, Hebbal, Bangalore, 560 024 Karnataka India
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Cuddington BP, Dyer AL, Workenhe ST, Mossman KL. Oncolytic bovine herpesvirus type 1 infects and kills breast tumor cells and breast cancer-initiating cells irrespective of tumor subtype. Cancer Gene Ther 2013; 20:282-9. [DOI: 10.1038/cgt.2013.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
|
30
|
da Silva LF, Sinani D, Jones C. ICP27 protein encoded by bovine herpesvirus type 1 (bICP27) interferes with promoter activity of the bovine genes encoding beta interferon 1 (IFN-β1) and IFN-β3. Virus Res 2012; 169:162-8. [PMID: 22902481 PMCID: PMC3472000 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2012.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2012] [Revised: 07/25/2012] [Accepted: 07/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Bovine herpes virus 1 (BHV-1) infection leads to upper respiratory tract infections, conjunctivitis, and the infection predisposes cattle to secondary bacterial infections. The infected cell protein 0 (bICP0) encoded by BHV-1 suppresses antiviral innate immune signaling by interfering with expression of interferon beta (IFN-β). In contrast to humans or mice, cattle contain three IFN-β genes that have distinct transcriptional promoters. We previously cloned and characterized all three bovine IFN-β promoters. In this study, we provide evidence that bICP27; a viral early protein that shuttles between the nucleus and cytoplasm inhibits transcriptional activity of two bovine IFN-β gene promoters (IFN-β1 and IFN-β3). Conversely, the BHV-1 infected cell protein 0 (bICP0) early promoter was not inhibited by bICP27. C-terminal mutants lacking the bICP27 zinc RING finger-like motif did not efficiently inhibit IFN-β3 promoter activity but inhibited IFN-β1 promoter activity as efficiently as wild type bICP27. An N-terminal mutant lacking the nuclear localization signal (NLS) and nucleolar localization signal (NoLS) was localized to the cytoplasm and this mutant had no effect on IFN-β promoter activity. In summary, these studies provided evidence that bICP27 inhibited IFN-β1 and IFN-β3 promoter activity in transiently transfected cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Frizzo da Silva
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Nebraska Center for Virology, RM 234, Morisson Life Science Center, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583
| | - Devis Sinani
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Nebraska Center for Virology, RM 234, Morisson Life Science Center, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583
| | - Clinton Jones
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Nebraska Center for Virology, RM 234, Morisson Life Science Center, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Dervillez X, Gottimukkala C, Kabbara KW, Nguyen C, Badakhshan T, Kim SM, Nesburn AB, Wechsler SL, Benmohamed L. Future of an "Asymptomatic" T-cell Epitope-Based Therapeutic Herpes Simplex Vaccine. Future Virol 2012; 7:371-378. [PMID: 22701511 DOI: 10.2217/fvl.12.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Considering the limited success of the recent herpes clinical vaccine trial [1], new vaccine strategies are needed. Infections with herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2 (HSV-1 & HSV-2) in the majority of men and women are usually asymptomatic and results in lifelong viral latency in neurons of sensory ganglia (SG). However, in a minority of men and women HSV spontaneous reactivation can cause recurrent disease (i.e., symptomatic individuals). Our recent findings show that T cells from symptomatic and asymptomatic men and women (i.e. those with and without recurrences, respectively) recognize different herpes epitopes. This finding breaks new ground and opens new doors to assess a new vaccine strategy: mucosal immunization with HSV-1 & HSV-2 epitopes that induce strong in vitro CD4 and CD8 T cell responses from PBMC derived from asymptomatic men and women (designated here as "asymptomatic" protective epitopes") could boost local and systemic "natural" protective immunity, induced by wild-type infection. Here we highlight the rationale and the future of our emerging "asymptomatic" T cell epitope-based mucosal vaccine strategy to decrease recurrent herpetic disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Dervillez
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, University of California Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92697
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Alami Chentoufi A, Kritzer E, Yu DM, Nesburn AB, BenMohamed L. Towards a rational design of an asymptomatic clinical herpes vaccine: the old, the new, and the unknown. Clin Dev Immunol 2012; 2012:187585. [PMID: 22548113 PMCID: PMC3324142 DOI: 10.1155/2012/187585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2011] [Accepted: 01/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The best hope of controlling the herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2) pandemic is the development of an effective vaccine. However, in spite of several clinical trials, starting as early as 1920s, no vaccine has been proven sufficiently safe and efficient to warrant commercial development. In recent years, great strides in cellular and molecular immunology have stimulated creative efforts in controlling herpes infection and disease. However, before moving towards new vaccine strategy, it is necessary to answer two fundamental questions: (i) why past herpes vaccines have failed? (ii) Why the majority of HSV seropositive individuals (i.e., asymptomatic individuals) are naturally "protected" exhibiting few or no recurrent clinical disease, while other HSV seropositive individuals (i.e., symptomatic individuals) have frequent ocular, orofacial, and/or genital herpes clinical episodes? We recently discovered several discrete sets of HSV-1 symptomatic and asymptomatic epitopes recognized by CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells from seropositive symptomatic versus asymptomatic individuals. These asymptomatic epitopes will provide a solid foundation for the development of novel herpes epitope-based vaccine strategy. Here we provide a brief overview of past clinical vaccine trials, outline current progress towards developing a new generation "asymptomatic" clinical herpes vaccines, and discuss future mucosal "asymptomatic" prime-boost vaccines that could optimize local protective immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aziz Alami Chentoufi
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-4375, USA
- Department of Immunology, Pathology and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh 11525, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elizabeth Kritzer
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-4375, USA
| | - David M. Yu
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-4375, USA
| | - Anthony B. Nesburn
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-4375, USA
| | - Lbachir BenMohamed
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-4375, USA
- Institute for Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-4120, USA
- Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Irvine Medical Center, Irvine, CA 92868-3201, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Pardon B, De Bleecker K, Hostens M, Callens J, Dewulf J, Deprez P. Longitudinal study on morbidity and mortality in white veal calves in Belgium. BMC Vet Res 2012; 8:26. [PMID: 22414223 PMCID: PMC3366893 DOI: 10.1186/1746-6148-8-26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2011] [Accepted: 03/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mortality and morbidity are hardly documented in the white veal industry, despite high levels of antimicrobial drug use and resistance. The objective of the present study was to determine the causes and epidemiology of morbidity and mortality in dairy, beef and crossbred white veal production. A total of 5853 calves, housed in 15 production cohorts, were followed during one production cycle. Causes of mortality were determined by necropsy. Morbidity was daily recorded by the producers. Results The total mortality risk was 5,3% and was significantly higher in beef veal production compared to dairy or crossbreds. The main causes of mortality were pneumonia (1.3% of the calves at risk), ruminal disorders (0.7%), idiopathic peritonitis (0.5%), enterotoxaemia (0.5%) and enteritis (0.4%). Belgian Blue beef calves were more likely to die from pneumonia, enterotoxaemia and arthritis. Detection of bovine viral diarrhea virus at necropsy was associated with chronic pneumonia and pleuritis. Of the calves, 25.4% was treated individually and the morbidity rate was 1.66 cases per 1000 calf days at risk. The incidence rate of respiratory disease, diarrhea, arthritis and otitis was 0.95, 0.30, 0.11 and 0.07 cases per 1000 calf days at risk respectively. Morbidity peaked in the first three weeks after arrival and gradually declined towards the end of the production cycle. Conclusions The present study provided insights into the causes and epidemiology of morbidity and mortality in white veal calves in Belgium, housed in the most frequent housing system in Europe. The necropsy findings, identified risk periods and differences between production systems can guide both veterinarians and producers towards the most profitable and ethical preventive and therapeutic protocols.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bart Pardon
- Department of Large Animal Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Ruiz-Saenz J, Jaime J, Ramirez G, Vera V. Molecular and in vitro characterization of field isolates of bovine herpesvirus-1. Virol Sin 2012; 27:26-37. [PMID: 22270804 DOI: 10.1007/s12250-012-3221-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2011] [Accepted: 12/20/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine Herpesvirus-1 (BoHV-1) is distributed worldwide and is a major pathogen in cattle, being the causal agent of a variety of clinical syndromes. The aim of this study was to isolate and to characterize (molecular and biological characterization) BoHV-1 from 29 immunosuppressed animals. It was possible to obtain 18 isolates, each from a different animal, such as from the respiratory and reproductive tracts. In some cases the cytopathic effect was visible 12 hours post-inoculation, and became characteristic after 36-48 hours. Biological characteristics were evaluated and compared with Iowa and Colorado-1 reference strains, and differences were found in plaque size, virus titer measured by TCID50 and PFU/mL, and one step virus curves. These results showed that some isolates had a highly virulent-like behavior in vitro, compared to the reference strains, with shorter eclipse periods, faster release of virus into the supernatants, and higher burst size and viral titer. There were no differences in glycoprotein expression of BoHV-1 isolates, measured by Western blot on monolayers. Moreover, using restriction endonucleases analysis, most of the viruses were confirmed as BoHV-1.1 and just one of them was confirmed as BoHV-1.2a subtype. These findings suggest that some wild-type BoHV-1 isolates could be useful as seeds to develop new monovalent vaccines.
Collapse
|
35
|
Arras M, Glauser DL, Jirkof P, Rettich A, Schade B, Cinelli P, Pinschewer DD, Ackermann M. Multiparameter telemetry as a sensitive screening method to detect vaccine reactogenicity in mice. PLoS One 2012; 7:e29726. [PMID: 22276127 PMCID: PMC3261877 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0029726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2011] [Accepted: 12/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Refined vaccines and adjuvants are urgently needed to advance immunization against global infectious challenges such as HIV, hepatitis C, tuberculosis and malaria. Large-scale screening efforts are ongoing to identify adjuvants with improved efficacy profiles. Reactogenicity often represents a major hurdle to the clinical use of new substances. Yet, irrespective of its importance, this parameter has remained difficult to screen for, owing to a lack of sensitive small animal models with a capacity for high throughput testing. Here we report that continuous telemetric measurements of heart rate, heart rate variability, body core temperature and locomotor activity in laboratory mice readily unmasked systemic side-effects of vaccination, which went undetected by conventional observational assessment and clinical scoring. Even minor aberrations in homeostasis were readily detected, ranging from sympathetic activation over transient pyrogenic effects to reduced physical activity and apathy. Results in real-time combined with the potential of scalability and partial automation in the industrial context suggest multiparameter telemetry in laboratory mice as a first-line screen for vaccine reactogenicity. This may accelerate vaccine discovery in general and may further the success of vaccines in combating infectious disease and cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margarete Arras
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Sinani D, Jones C. Localization of sequences in a protein (ORF2) encoded by the latency-related gene of bovine herpesvirus 1 that inhibits apoptosis and interferes with Notch1-mediated trans-activation of the bICP0 promoter. J Virol 2011; 85:12124-33. [PMID: 21937659 PMCID: PMC3209353 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.05478-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2011] [Accepted: 09/09/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) infection induces clinical symptoms in the upper respiratory tract, inhibits immune responses, and can result in life-threatening secondary bacterial infections. Following acute infection, BHV-1 establishes latency in sensory neurons within trigeminal ganglia. Periodically, reactivation from latency occurs, resulting in virus transmission. The latency-related (LR) RNA is abundantly expressed in latently infected sensory neurons, suggesting that LR gene products regulate the latency-reactivation cycle. An LR mutant virus with stop codons at the amino terminus of the first open reading frame (ORF) in the LR gene (ORF2) does not reactivate from latency, in part because it induces higher levels of apoptosis in infected neurons. ORF2 inhibits apoptosis in transiently transfected cells, suggesting that it plays an important role in the latency-reactivation cycle. ORF2 also interacts with Notch1 or Notch3 and consequently inhibits their ability to trans-activate the bICP0 early and glycoprotein C promoters. In this study, we identified ORF2 sequences that were necessary for inhibiting cold shock-induced apoptosis or Notch1-mediated trans-activation of the bICP0 early promoter and stimulation of productive infection. Relative to ORF2 sequences necessary for inhibiting apoptosis, distinct domains in ORF2 were important for interfering with Notch1-mediated trans-activation. Five consensus protein kinase A and/or protein kinase C phosphorylation sites within ORF2 regulate the steady-state levels of ORF2 in transfected cells. A nuclear localization signal in ORF2 was necessary for inhibiting Notch1-mediated trans-activation but not apoptosis. In summary, ORF2 has more than one functional domain that regulates its stability and functional properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Devis Sinani
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences & Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Ken Morrison Life Sciences Center, RM234, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583-0900
| | - Clinton Jones
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences & Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Ken Morrison Life Sciences Center, RM234, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583-0900
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Pardon B, De Bleecker K, Dewulf J, Callens J, Boyen F, Catry B, Deprez P. Prevalence of respiratory pathogens in diseased, non-vaccinated, routinely medicated veal calves. Vet Rec 2011; 169:278. [DOI: 10.1136/vr.d4406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B. Pardon
- Department of Large Animal Internal Medicine; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Ghent University; Salisburylaan 133 9820 Merelbeke Belgium
| | - K. De Bleecker
- Animal Health Service Flanders; Industrielaan 29 8820 Torhout Belgium
| | - J. Dewulf
- Veterinary Epidemiology Unit; Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Ghent University; Salisburylaan 133 9820 Merelbeke Belgium
| | - J. Callens
- Animal Health Service Flanders; Industrielaan 29 8820 Torhout Belgium
| | - F. Boyen
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Medicine; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Ghent University; Salisburylaan 133 9820 Merelbeke Belgium
| | - B. Catry
- Healthcare Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance; Scientific Institute of Public Health; Rue Juliette Wytsmanstraat 14 1050 Brussels Belgium
| | - P. Deprez
- Department of Large Animal Internal Medicine; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Ghent University; Salisburylaan 133 9820 Merelbeke Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Risalde MA, Molina V, Sánchez-Cordón PJ, Pedrera M, Panadero R, Romero-Palomo F, Gómez-Villamandos JC. Response of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in calves with subclinical bovine viral diarrhea challenged with bovine herpesvirus-1. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2011; 144:135-43. [PMID: 21856021 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2011.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2011] [Revised: 07/19/2011] [Accepted: 07/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to investigate the susceptibility of calves infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) against secondary infections. For this purpose, the profile of cytokines implicated in the immune response of calves experimentally infected with a non-cytopathic strain of BVDV type-1 and challenged with bovine herpesvirus 1.1 (BHV-1.1) was evaluated in comparison with healthy animals challenged only with BHV-1.1. The immune response was measured by serum concentrations of cytokines (IL-1β, TNFα, IFNγ, IL-12, IL-4 and IL-10), acute phase proteins (haptoglobin, serum amyloid A and fibrinogen) and BVDV and BHV-1.1 specific antibodies. BVDV-infected calves displayed a great secretion of TNFα and reduced production of IL-10 following BHV-1 infection, leading to an exacerbation of the inflammatory response and to the development of more intense clinical symptoms and lesions than those observed in healthy animals BHV-1-inoculated. A Th1 immune response, based on IFNγ production and on the absence of significant changes in IL-4 production, was observed in both groups of BHV-1-infected calves. However, whereas the animals inoculated only with BHV-1 presented an IFNγ response from the start of the study and high expression of IL-12, the BVDV-infected calves showed a delay in the IFNγ production and low levels of IL-12. This alteration in the kinetic and magnitude of these cytokines, involved in cytotoxic mechanisms responsible for limiting the spread of secondary pathogens, facilitated the dissemination of BHV-1.1 in BVDV-infected calves.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M A Risalde
- Department of Comparative Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Córdoba-Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), Campus de Rabanales, 14014, Córdoba, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Diallo IS, Corney BG, Rodwell BJ. Detection and differentiation of bovine herpesvirus 1 and 5 using a multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction. J Virol Methods 2011; 175:46-52. [PMID: 21540057 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2011.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2011] [Revised: 03/29/2011] [Accepted: 04/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A multiplex real-time PCR was developed for the detection and differentiation of two closely related bovine herpesviruses 1 (BoHV-1) and 5 (BoHV-5). The multiplex real-time PCR combines a duplex real-time PCR that targets the DNA polymerase gene of BoHV-1 and BoHV-5 and a real-time PCR targeting mitochondrial DNA, as a house-keeping gene, described previously by Cawthraw et al. (2009). The assay correctly identified 22 BoHV-1 and six BoHV-5 isolates from the Biosecurity Sciences Laboratory virus collection. BoHV-1 and BoHV-5 were also correctly identified when incorporated in spiked semen and brain tissue samples. The detection limits of the duplex assay were 10 copies of BoHV-1 and 45 copies of BoHV-5. The multiplex real-time PCR had reaction efficiencies of 1.04 for BoHV-1 and 1.08 for BoHV-5. Standard curves relating Ct value to template copy number had correlation coefficients of 0.989 for BoHV-1 and 0.978 for BoHV-5. The assay specificity was demonstrated by testing bacterial and viral DNA from pathogens commonly isolated from bovine respiratory and reproductive tracts. The validated multiplex real-time PCR was used to detect and differentiate BoHV-1 and BoHV-5 in bovine clinical samples with known histories.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim S Diallo
- Biosecurity Sciences Laboratory, Health and Food Sciences Precinct, Biosecurity Queensland, Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation, PO Box 156, Brisbane, Archerfield, Qld 4108, Australia.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
da Silva LF, Jones C. Infection of cultured bovine cells with bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) or Sendai virus induces different beta interferon subtypes. Virus Res 2011; 157:54-60. [PMID: 21316405 PMCID: PMC3078687 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2011.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2011] [Revised: 02/03/2011] [Accepted: 02/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In contrast to mice or humans, cattle contain three beta interferon (IFN-β) genes with distinct transcriptional promoters suggesting IFN-β gene expression is not stimulated the same by different viruses. To test this hypothesis, we compared expression of the three IFN-β subtypes after infection with a RNA virus, Sendai, versus a large DNA virus, bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1). Infection of low passage bovine kidney (BK) or established bovine kidney cells (CRIB) with Sendai virus has consistently led to high levels of IFN-β1 RNA. Conversely, infection of CRIB cells, but not BK cells, with BHV-1 increased IFN-β3 RNA levels and to a lesser extent the other two IFN-β subtypes. Inhibition of de novo protein synthesis with cycloheximide resulted in higher levels of IFN-β1 and IFN-β2 RNA levels after BHV-1 infection. Further studies demonstrated that BHV-1 immediate early and/or early genes were primarily responsible for inhibiting the IFN response in BK cells. The three bovine IFN-β promoters were cloned upstream of a reporter gene construct, and their properties analyzed in transient transfection assays. Only the IFN-β3 promoter was trans-activated by IRF3 (interferon responsive factor 3). IRF7 and double stranded RNA (polyI:C) stimulated IFN-β1 and IFN-β3 promoter activity, but not IFN-β2. Relative to the human IFN-β promoter, the IFN-β3 promoter contained fewer nucleotide differences in the positive regulatory domain III (PRD III), PRD IV, and PRD I compared to the IFN-β1 and IFN-β2 promoter. Collectively, these studies provide evidence that virus infection differentially stimulates expression of the three bovine IFN-β genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Frizzo da Silva
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Fair Street at East Campus Loop, Lincoln, NE, 68583-0905, Phone: (402) 472-1890, FAX: (402) 472-9690
| | - Clinton Jones
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Fair Street at East Campus Loop, Lincoln, NE, 68583-0905, Phone: (402) 472-1890, FAX: (402) 472-9690
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Jones C, Chowdhury S. Bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV-1) is an important cofactor in the bovine respiratory disease complex. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 2010; 26:303-21. [PMID: 20619186 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvfa.2010.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BHV-1 is an important pathogen of cattle. Because of its ability to induce immune suppression, BHV-1 is an important agent in the multifactorial disorder, bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC). BHV-1 encodes several proteins that inhibit various arms of the immune system suggesting that these proteins are important in the development of BRDC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clinton Jones
- School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583-0905, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Steiner F, Zumsteg A, Vogt B, Ackermann M, Schwyzer M. Bovine herpesvirus 5 BICP0 complements the bovine herpesvirus 1 homolog. Vet Microbiol 2010; 143:37-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2010.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
43
|
Glycoprotein D of bovine herpesvirus 5 (BoHV-5) confers an extended host range to BoHV-1 but does not contribute to invasion of the brain. J Virol 2010; 84:5583-93. [PMID: 20219909 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00228-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) and BoHV-5 are closely related pathogens of cattle, but only BoHV-5 is considered a neuropathogen. We engineered intertypic gD exchange mutants with BoHV-1 and BoHV-5 backbones in order to address their in vitro and in vivo host ranges, with particular interest in invasion of the brain. The new viruses replicated in cell culture with similar dynamics and to titers comparable to those of their wild-type parents. However, gD of BoHV-5 (gD5) was able to interact with a surprisingly broad range of nectins. In vivo, gD5 provided a virulent phenotype to BoHV-1 in AR129 mice, featuring a high incidence of neurological symptoms and early onset of disease. However, only virus with the BoHV-5 backbone, independent of the gD type, was detected in the brain by immunohistology. Thus, gD of BoHV-5 confers an extended cellular host range to BoHV-1 and may be considered a virulence factor but does not contribute to the invasion of the brain.
Collapse
|
44
|
Rodrigues R, Cuddington B, Mossman K. Bovine herpesvirus type 1 as a novel oncolytic virus. Cancer Gene Ther 2009; 17:344-55. [PMID: 19893594 DOI: 10.1038/cgt.2009.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Oncolytic virotherapy is a promising avenue of cancer gene therapy. Current vectors include human viruses that have been engineered to replicate in tumor cells or nonhuman viruses that are naturally oncotropic and preferentially replicate in tumor cells harboring defects in innate immune pathways such as the type 1 interferon (IFN) pathway. Bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV-1) is a species-specific herpesvirus closely related to the human herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). Although BHV-1 does not efficiently replicate in and affect cellular viability of normal human cells, it is capable of infecting and killing various immortalized and transformed human cell types. Surprisingly, BHV-1 infection of human cells fails to elicit IFN production at the mRNA or protein level and the ability of BHV-1 to kill immortalized and transformed human cells does not correlate with defects in IFN pathways. Furthermore, although some cross-reactivity between BHV-1 and HSV-1 exists, the majority of human antibody or serum samples tested failed to neutralize BHV-1 despite possessing HSV-1 neutralizing capacity. Thus, BHV-1 is a novel candidate oncolytic virus with a distinct mechanism of tumor targeting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Rodrigues
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Gabev E, Fraefel C, Ackermann M, Tobler K. Cloning of Bovine herpesvirus type 1 and type 5 as infectious bacterial artifical chromosomes. BMC Res Notes 2009; 2:209. [PMID: 19828032 PMCID: PMC2770474 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-2-209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2009] [Accepted: 10/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bovine herpesviruses type 1 (BoHV1) and type 5 (BoHV5) are two closely related pathogens of cattle. The identity of the two viruses on the amino acid level averages 82%. Despite their high antigenetic similarities the two pathogens induce distinctive clinical signs. BoHV1 causes respiratory and genital tract infections while BoHV5 leads to severe encephalitis in calves. Findings The viral genomes of BoHV1 and BoHV5 were cloned as infectious bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs). First, recombinant viruses carrying the genetic elements for propagation in bacteria were generated. Second, DNA from these recombinant viruses were transferred into prokaryotic cells. Third, DNA from these bacteria were transferred into eukaryotic cells. Progeny viruses from BAC transfections showed similar kinetics as their corresponding wild types. Conclusion The two viral genomes of BoHV1 and BoHV5 cloned as BACs are accessible to the tools of bacterial genetics. The ability to easily manipulate the viral genomes on a molecular level in future experiments will lead to a better understanding of the difference in pathogenesis induced by these two closely related bovine herpesviruses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evgeni Gabev
- Institute of Virology, University of Zurich, Switzerland.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Campos F, Franco A, Hübner S, Oliveira M, Silva A, Esteves P, Roehe P, Rijsewijk F. High prevalence of co-infections with bovine herpesvirus 1 and 5 found in cattle in southern Brazil. Vet Microbiol 2009; 139:67-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2009.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2008] [Revised: 05/12/2009] [Accepted: 05/28/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
47
|
Jones C. Regulation of Innate Immune Responses by Bovine Herpesvirus 1 and Infected Cell Protein 0 (bICP0). Viruses 2009; 1:255-75. [PMID: 21994549 PMCID: PMC3185490 DOI: 10.3390/v1020255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2009] [Revised: 08/24/2009] [Accepted: 09/02/2009] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) infected cell protein 0 (bICP0) is an important transcriptional regulatory protein that stimulates productive infection. In transient transfection assays, bICP0 also inhibits interferon dependent transcription. bICP0 can induce degradation of interferon stimulatory factor 3 (IRF3), a cellular transcription factor that is crucial for activating beta interferon (IFN-β) promoter activity. Recent studies also concluded that interactions between bICP0 and IRF7 inhibit trans-activation of IFN-β promoter activity. The C3HC4 zinc RING (really important new gene) finger located near the amino terminus of bICP0 is important for all known functions of bICP0. A recombinant virus that contains a single amino acid change in a well conserved cysteine residue of the C3HC4 zinc RING finger of bICP0 grows poorly in cultured cells, and does not reactivate from latency in cattle confirming that the C3HC4 zinc RING finger is crucial for viral growth and pathogenesis. A bICP0 deletion mutant does not induce plaques in permissive cells, but induces autophagy in a cell type dependent manner. In summary, the ability of bICP0 to stimulate productive infection, and repress IFN dependent transcription plays a crucial role in the BoHV-1 infection cycle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clinton Jones
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Fair Street at East Campus Loop, Lincoln, NE, 68583-0905, USA; E-mail: ; Tel.: +1 (402) 472-1890
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Meier-Trummer CS, Rehrauer H, Franchini M, Patrignani A, Wagner U, Ackermann M. Malignant catarrhal fever of cattle is associated with low abundance of IL-2 transcript and a predominantly latent profile of ovine herpesvirus 2 gene expression. PLoS One 2009; 4:e6265. [PMID: 19603070 PMCID: PMC2705673 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0006265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2008] [Accepted: 06/02/2009] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) is a lethal disease of cattle, characterized by vasculitis, necrosis, and accumulation of activated, dysregulated cytotoxic lymphocytes in various tissues. Ovine gamma herpesvirus 2 (OvHV-2) is a causative agent of MCF, which may trigger the disease through immunopathogenic pathways. Lymphocytes are the main target of the virus. However, the pathogenic basis of the disease is still mysterious. Methods/Findings We hypothesized that the gene expression patterns of OvHV-2 and the relative abundances of host cell transcripts in lymphnodes may be used to identify pathways that help to explain the pathogenesis of MCF. Therefore, viral and host cell gene expression patterns in lymph nodes of animals with MCF and healthy controls were analyzed by microarray. Two regions on the viral genome were transcriptionally active, one encoding an orthologue to the latency-associated nuclear antigen (ORF73) of other gamma herpesviruses, the other with no predicted open reading frame. A vast number of transcripts related to inflammatory processes, lymphocyte activation, cell proliferation and apoptosis were detected at different abundances. However, the IL-2 transcript was eminent among the transcripts, which were, compared to healthy controls, less abundant in animals with MCF. The ratio between CD4- and CD8-positive T-lymphocytes was decreased in the lymphnodes of animals with MCF compared to healthy controls. In contrast, the same ratio was stable, when peripheral blood lymphocytes were analyzed. Conclusions/Significance The phenotype of mice with a deficient IL-2-system almost perfectly matches the clinical signs observed in cattle with MCF, which feature a significantly decreased IL-2 transcript abundance, compared to healthy cattle. This supports the hypothesis that immunopathogenic events are linked to the pathogenesis of MCF. IL-2-deficiency may play an important role in the process. Therefore, this work opens new avenues for research on MCF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hubert Rehrauer
- Functional Genomics Center, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Andrea Patrignani
- Functional Genomics Center, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ulrich Wagner
- Functional Genomics Center, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Del Médico Zajac MP, Ladelfa MF, Kotsias F, Muylkens B, Thiry J, Thiry E, Romera SA. Biology of bovine herpesvirus 5. Vet J 2009; 184:138-45. [PMID: 19409823 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2009.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2009] [Revised: 03/27/2009] [Accepted: 03/30/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Bovine herpesvirus 5 (BoHV-5) is an alphaherpesvirus responsible for meningoencephalitis in young cattle and is closely antigenically and genetically related to bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1). Both viruses have common aspects in their pathogenesis: (1) they infect epithelial cells at the portal of entry and (2) they establish a latent infection in the sensory nerve ganglia, i.e., the trigeminal ganglia. However, they have different neuroinvasion and neurovirulence capacities. Only in rare cases can BoHV-1 reach the brain of infected cattle. BoHV-5 infection induces different degrees of severity of neurological disease depending on both viral and host factors. Although a case of BoHV-5 associated disease in Europe and some outbreaks in USA and Australia have been reported, the current geographical distribution of BoHV-5 infection is mainly restricted to South America, especially Brazil and Argentina. This review focuses on the genomic characteristics, pathobiology and epidemiology of BoHV-5, in order to provide information on the possible basis of alphaherpesvirus neuropathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María P Del Médico Zajac
- Virology Institute, Veterinary and Agricultural Science Research Centre, National Institute of Agricultural Technology, N. Repeto y Los Reseros S/N, CC25 (B1712WAA), Castelar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
McFadden AMJ, Mackereth GF, Avery MI, Clough RR, Bolotovski I, Fitzmaurice J, Julian AF. A syndrome of facial paralysis of dairy calves in the Franklin district of New Zealand. N Z Vet J 2009; 57:63-8. [PMID: 19252546 DOI: 10.1080/00480169.2009.36871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
AIM To determine the aetiology of a syndrome characterised by facial paralysis in calves (facial paralysis syndrome; FPS); describe the epidemiology of the syndrome on an affected case farm; and define the intra-farm prevalence of affected calves, and inter-farm prevalence of affected dairy farms, in the Franklin district of New Zealand. CASE HISTORY AND CLINICAL FINDINGS An investigation was carried out on a town-supply dairy farm experiencing an outbreak of FPS in calves during the autumn of 2007, following a previous outbreak during the spring of 2006; 21 calves were affected in both outbreaks. Post-mortem examinations of three affected calves revealed no infectious aetiological agent in neurological tissues despite tests for viruses, bacteria and Mycoplasma species. Tests on hepatic tissues for vanadium toxicity were inconclusive. SURVEY OF DAIRY FARMS: Results from a postal survey of 177/325 (54%) farms established the yearly prevalence of affected farms, based on farmer diagnosis, was 11%, and there was a median two (range 1-25) affected calves on those farms. There was no evidence of spatial clustering of affected farms after accounting for the underlying farm density, or of an increase in the number of affected farms between 2003 and 2007. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Facial paralysis syndrome is an unusual condition that has not been reported in other districts of New Zealand or in other countries. It is probable that this syndrome will continue to occur at a low to moderate prevalence, and have a significant impact on a small number of farms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A M J McFadden
- Investigation and Diagnostic Centre, Wallaceville, Biosecurity New Zealand, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, PO Box 40742, Upper Hutt 5140, New Zealand.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|