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Tan EW, Abdullah ADI, Ming LC, Poh CL, Goh BH, Lau TP, Tan KO. Adenovirus-mediated expression of MOAP-1, Bax and RASSF1A antagonizes chemo-drug resistance of human breast cancer cells expressing cancer stem cell markers. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 176:116744. [PMID: 38810399 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the major leading causes of mortality globally and chemo-drug-resistant cancers pose significant challenges to cancer treatment by reducing patient survival rates and increasing treatment costs. Although the mechanisms of chemoresistance vary among different types of cancer, cancer cells are known to share several hallmarks, such as their resistance to apoptosis as well as the ability of cancer stem cells to produce metastatic daughter cells that are resistant to chemotherapy. To address the issue of chemo-drug resistance in cancer cells, a tetracistronic expression construct, Ad-MBR-GFP, encoding adenovirus-mediated expression of MOAP-1, Bax, RASSSF1A, and GFP, was generated to investigate its potential activity in reducing or inhibiting the chemo-drug resistant activity of the human breast cancer cells, MCF-7-CR and MDA-MB-231. When infected by Ad-MBR-GFP, the cancer cells exhibited round cell morphology and nuclei condensation with positive staining for annexin-V. Furthermore, our results showed that both MCF-7-CR and MDA-MB-231 cells stained positively for CD 44 and negatively for CD 24 (CD44+/CD24-) with high levels of endogenous ALDH activity whereas SNU-1581 breast cancer cells were identified as CD 44-/CD 24- cells with relatively low levels of endogenous ALDH activity and high sensitivity toward chemo-drugs, suggesting that both CD 44 and ALDH activity contribute to chemo-drug resistance. Moreover, both MCF-7-CR and MDA-MB-231 cells showed strong chemo-drug sensitivity to cisplatin when the cells were infected by Ad-MBR-GFP, leading to 9-fold and 2-fold reduction in the IC 50 values when compared to cisplatin treatment alone, respectively. The data were further supported by 3D (soft agar) and spheroid cell models of MCF-7-CR and MDA-MB-231 cells which showed a 2-fold reduction of a number of cell colonies and spheroid size when treated with both Ad-MBR-GFP and cisplatin, and compared to control. Other than chemo-sensitivity, Ad-MBR-GFP-infected cancer cells retarded cell migration. Flow cytometry analysis showed that the mechanism of action of Ad-MBR-GFP involved cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase and inhibition of cellular DNA synthesis. Taken together, our investigation showed that Ad-MBR-GFP mediated chemo-drug sensitization in the infected cancer cells involved the activation of apoptosis signaling, cell cycle arrest, and inhibition of DNA synthesis, suggesting that Ad-MBR-GFP is potentially efficacious for the treatment of chemo-drug resistant cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ee Wern Tan
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Sunway City 47500, Malaysia; Sunway Biofunctional Molecules Discovery Centre, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Sunway City 47500, Malaysia
| | - Amar Daud Iskandar Abdullah
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Sunway City 47500, Malaysia
| | - Long Chiau Ming
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Sunway City 47500, Malaysia
| | - Chit Laa Poh
- Centre for Virus and Vaccine Research, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Sunway City 47500, Malaysia
| | - Bey Hing Goh
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Sunway City 47500, Malaysia; Sunway Biofunctional Molecules Discovery Centre, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Sunway City 47500, Malaysia; Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo 2007, NSW, Australia
| | - Tze Pheng Lau
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Sunway City 47500, Malaysia.
| | - Kuan Onn Tan
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Sunway City 47500, Malaysia.
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2
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Henriques WS, Young JM, Nemudryi A, Nemudraia A, Wiedenheft B, Malik HS. The Diverse Evolutionary Histories of Domesticated Metaviral Capsid Genes in Mammals. Mol Biol Evol 2024; 41:msae061. [PMID: 38507667 PMCID: PMC11011659 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msae061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Selfish genetic elements comprise significant fractions of mammalian genomes. In rare instances, host genomes domesticate segments of these elements for function. Using a complete human genome assembly and 25 additional vertebrate genomes, we re-analyzed the evolutionary trajectories and functional potential of capsid (CA) genes domesticated from Metaviridae, a lineage of retrovirus-like retrotransposons. Our study expands on previous analyses to unearth several new insights about the evolutionary histories of these ancient genes. We find that at least five independent domestication events occurred from diverse Metaviridae, giving rise to three universally retained single-copy genes evolving under purifying selection and two gene families unique to placental mammals, with multiple members showing evidence of rapid evolution. In the SIRH/RTL family, we find diverse amino-terminal domains, widespread loss of protein-coding capacity in RTL10 despite its retention in several mammalian lineages, and differential utilization of an ancient programmed ribosomal frameshift in RTL3 between the domesticated CA and protease domains. Our analyses also reveal that most members of the PNMA family in mammalian genomes encode a conserved putative amino-terminal RNA-binding domain (RBD) both adjoining and independent from domesticated CA domains. Our analyses lead to a significant correction of previous annotations of the essential CCDC8 gene. We show that this putative RBD is also present in several extant Metaviridae, revealing a novel protein domain configuration in retrotransposons. Collectively, our study reveals the divergent outcomes of multiple domestication events from diverse Metaviridae in the common ancestor of placental mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- William S Henriques
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - Janet M Young
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Artem Nemudryi
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - Anna Nemudraia
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - Blake Wiedenheft
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - Harmit S Malik
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
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3
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Lee JY, Bhandare RR, Boddu SHS, Shaik AB, Saktivel LP, Gupta G, Negi P, Barakat M, Singh SK, Dua K, Chellappan DK. Molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of tumour suppressor genes in lung cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 173:116275. [PMID: 38394846 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumour suppressor genes play a cardinal role in the development of a large array of human cancers, including lung cancer, which is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers worldwide. Therefore, extensive studies have been committed to deciphering the underlying mechanisms of alterations of tumour suppressor genes in governing tumourigenesis, as well as resistance to cancer therapies. In spite of the encouraging clinical outcomes demonstrated by lung cancer patients on initial treatment, the subsequent unresponsiveness to first-line treatments manifested by virtually all the patients is inherently a contentious issue. In light of the aforementioned concerns, this review compiles the current knowledge on the molecular mechanisms of some of the tumour suppressor genes implicated in lung cancer that are either frequently mutated and/or are located on the chromosomal arms having high LOH rates (1p, 3p, 9p, 10q, 13q, and 17p). Our study identifies specific genomic loci prone to LOH, revealing a recurrent pattern in lung cancer cases. These loci, including 3p14.2 (FHIT), 9p21.3 (p16INK4a), 10q23 (PTEN), 17p13 (TP53), exhibit a higher susceptibility to LOH due to environmental factors such as exposure to DNA-damaging agents (carcinogens in cigarette smoke) and genetic factors such as chromosomal instability, genetic mutations, DNA replication errors, and genetic predisposition. Furthermore, this review summarizes the current treatment landscape and advancements for lung cancers, including the challenges and endeavours to overcome it. This review envisages inspired researchers to embark on a journey of discovery to add to the list of what was known in hopes of prompting the development of effective therapeutic strategies for lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Yee Lee
- School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Richie R Bhandare
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, Ajman University, Al-Jurf, P.O. Box 346, Ajman, United Arab Emirates; Center of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Al-Jurf, P.O. Box 346, Ajman, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Sai H S Boddu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, Ajman University, Al-Jurf, P.O. Box 346, Ajman, United Arab Emirates; Center of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Al-Jurf, P.O. Box 346, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Afzal B Shaik
- St. Mary's College of Pharmacy, St. Mary's Group of Institutions Guntur, Affiliated to Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Kakinada, Chebrolu, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh 522212, India; Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, India
| | - Lakshmana Prabu Saktivel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University College of Engineering (BIT Campus), Anna University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, India
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- Center of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Al-Jurf, P.O. Box 346, Ajman, United Arab Emirates; School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jaipur, Rajasthan 302017, India
| | - Poonam Negi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, PO Box 9, Solan, Himachal Pradesh 173229, India
| | - Muna Barakat
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy & Therapeutics, Applied Science Private University, Amman-11937, Jordan
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi G.T Road, Phagwara 144411, India; Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney 2007, Australia
| | - Kamal Dua
- Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney 2007, Australia; Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney 2007, Australia
| | - Dinesh Kumar Chellappan
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia.
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Henriques WS, Young JM, Nemudryi A, Nemudraia A, Wiedenheft B, Malik HS. The diverse evolutionary histories of domesticated metaviral capsid genes in mammals. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.17.558119. [PMID: 37745568 PMCID: PMC10516033 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.17.558119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Selfish genetic elements and their remnants comprise at least half of the human genome. Active transposons duplicate by inserting copies at new sites in a host genome. Following insertion, transposons can acquire mutations that render them inactive; the accrual of additional mutations can render them unrecognizable over time. However, in rare instances, segments of transposons become useful for the host, in a process called gene domestication. Using the first complete human genome assembly and 25 additional vertebrate genomes, we analyzed the evolutionary trajectories and functional potential of genes domesticated from the capsid genes of Metaviridae, a retroviral-like retrotransposon family. Our analysis reveals four families of domesticated capsid genes in placental mammals with varied evolutionary outcomes, ranging from universal retention to lineage-specific duplications or losses and from purifying selection to lineage-specific rapid evolution. The four families of domesticated capsid genes have divergent amino-terminal domains, inherited from four distinct ancestral metaviruses. Structural predictions reveal that many domesticated genes encode a previously unrecognized RNA-binding domain retained in multiple paralogs in mammalian genomes both adjacent to and independent from the capsid domain. Collectively, our study reveals diverse outcomes of domestication of diverse metaviruses, which led to structurally and evolutionarily diverse genes that encode important, but still largely-unknown functions in placental mammals. (207).
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Affiliation(s)
- William S. Henriques
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman MT 59717
| | - Janet M. Young
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109
| | - Artem Nemudryi
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman MT 59717
| | - Anna Nemudraia
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman MT 59717
| | - Blake Wiedenheft
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman MT 59717
| | - Harmit S. Malik
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109
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Ashrafizadeh M, Mohan CD, Rangappa S, Zarrabi A, Hushmandi K, Kumar AP, Sethi G, Rangappa KS. Noncoding RNAs as regulators of STAT3 pathway in gastrointestinal cancers: Roles in cancer progression and therapeutic response. Med Res Rev 2023; 43:1263-1321. [PMID: 36951271 DOI: 10.1002/med.21950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) tumors (cancers of the esophagus, gastric, liver, pancreas, colon, and rectum) contribute to a large number of deaths worldwide. STAT3 is an oncogenic transcription factor that promotes the transcription of genes associated with proliferation, antiapoptosis, survival, and metastasis. STAT3 is overactivated in many human malignancies including GI tumors which accelerates tumor progression, metastasis, and drug resistance. Research in recent years demonstrated that noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) play a major role in the regulation of many signaling pathways including the STAT3 pathway. The major types of endogenous ncRNAs that are being extensively studied in oncology are microRNAs, long noncoding RNAs, and circular RNAs. These ncRNAs can either be tumor-promoters or tumor-suppressors and each one of them imparts their activity via different mechanisms. The STAT3 pathway is also tightly modulated by ncRNAs. In this article, we have elaborated on the tumor-promoting role of STAT3 signaling in GI tumors. Subsequently, we have comprehensively discussed the oncogenic as well as tumor suppressor functions and mechanism of action of ncRNAs that are known to modulate STAT3 signaling in GI cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Department of General Surgery and Institute of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors, Carson International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chakrabhavi D Mohan
- Department of Studies in Molecular Biology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, India
| | - Shobith Rangappa
- Adichunchanagiri Institute for Molecular Medicine, Adichunchanagiri University, Nagamangala Taluk, India
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istinye University, Istanbul, Sariyer, Turkey
| | - Kiavash Hushmandi
- Division of Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alan Prem Kumar
- NUS Centre for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gautam Sethi
- NUS Centre for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Simon SE, Lim HS, Jayakumar FA, Tan EW, Tan KO. Alpha-Mangostin Activates MOAP-1 Tumor Suppressor and Mitochondrial Signaling in MCF-7 Human Breast Cancer Cells. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2022; 2022:7548191. [PMID: 35082905 PMCID: PMC8786502 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7548191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
α-Mangostin, one of the major constituents of Garcinia mangostana, has been reported to possess several biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and cytotoxic activities associated with the inhibition of cell proliferation and activation of apoptosis. However, the cellular signaling pathway mediated by α-mangostin has not been firmly established. To investigate the cellular activities of α-mangostin, human cancer cells, MCF-7 and MCF-7-CR cells, were treated with α-mangostin to measure the cellular responses, including cytotoxicity, protein-protein interaction, and protein expression. Cancer cells stably expressed Myc-BCL-XL and HA-MOAP-1 were also included in the studies to delineate the cell signaling events mediated by α-mangostin. Our results showed that the apoptosis signaling mediated by α-mangostin involves the upregulation of endogenous MOAP-1, which interacts with α-mangostin activated BAX (act-BAX) while downregulating the expression of BCL-XL. Moreover, α-mangostin was found to induce BAX oligomerization, the release of mitochondrial cytochrome C, and activation of caspase in MCF-7 cells. In overexpression studies, MCF-7 cells and spheroids stably expressed HA-MOAP-1 and Myc-BCL-XL exhibited differential chemosensitivity toward α-mangostin in which the stable clones expressing HA-MOAP-1 and MYC-BCL-XL were chemosensitive and chemoresistant to the apoptosis signaling events mediated by α-mangostin, respectively, when compared to untreated cells. Together, the data suggest that the cytotoxicity of α-mangostin involves the activation of MOAP-1 tumor suppressor and its interaction with act-BAX, leading to mitochondria dysfunction and cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samson Eugin Simon
- Cancer Biology Group, Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, No. 5 Jalan Universiti, Subang Jaya 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Hui Sin Lim
- Cancer Biology Group, Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, No. 5 Jalan Universiti, Subang Jaya 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Fairen Angelin Jayakumar
- Cancer Biology Group, Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, No. 5 Jalan Universiti, Subang Jaya 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Ee Wern Tan
- Cancer Biology Group, Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, No. 5 Jalan Universiti, Subang Jaya 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Kuan Onn Tan
- Cancer Biology Group, Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, No. 5 Jalan Universiti, Subang Jaya 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
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Veerasamy T, Eugin Simon S, Tan KO. Emerging strategies for sensitization of therapy resistant tumors toward cancer therapeutics by targeting the Bcl-2 family, TGF-β, Wnt/β-Catenin, RASSF and miRNA regulated signaling pathways. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2021; 137:106016. [PMID: 34082133 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2021.106016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Conventional chemotherapy relies on the cytotoxicity of chemo-drugs to inflict destructive effects on tumor cells. However, as most tumor cells develop resistance to chemo-drugs, small doses of chemo-drugs are unlikely to provide significant clinical benefits in cancer treatment while high doses of chemo-drugs have been shown to impact normal human cells negatively due to the non-specific nature and cytotoxicity associated with chemo-drugs. To overcome this challenge, sensitizations of tumor cells with bioactive molecules that specifically target the pro-survival and pro-apoptosis signaling pathways of the tumor cells are likely to increase the therapeutic impacts and improve the clinical outcomes by reducing the dependency and adverse effects associated with using high doses of chemo-drugs in cancer treatment. This review focuses on emerging strategies to enhance the sensitization of tumor cells toward cancer therapies based on our understanding of tumor cell biology and underlying signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarmarajen Veerasamy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sunway University, No. 5 Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Samson Eugin Simon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sunway University, No. 5 Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kuan Onn Tan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sunway University, No. 5 Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
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McKenna S, García-Gutiérrez L. Resistance to Targeted Therapy and RASSF1A Loss in Melanoma: What Are We Missing? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5115. [PMID: 34066022 PMCID: PMC8150731 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is one of the most aggressive forms of skin cancer and is therapeutically challenging, considering its high mutation rate. Following the development of therapies to target BRAF, the most frequently found mutation in melanoma, promising therapeutic responses were observed. While mono- and combination therapies to target the MAPK cascade did induce a therapeutic response in BRAF-mutated melanomas, the development of resistance to MAPK-targeted therapies remains a challenge for a high proportion of patients. Resistance mechanisms are varied and can be categorised as intrinsic, acquired, and adaptive. RASSF1A is a tumour suppressor that plays an integral role in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis as a central signalling hub. RASSF1A tumour suppressor activity is commonly lost in melanoma, mainly by aberrant promoter hypermethylation. RASSF1A loss could be associated with several mechanisms of resistance to MAPK inhibition considering that most of the signalling pathways that RASSF1A controls are found to be altered targeted therapy resistant melanomas. Herein, we discuss resistance mechanisms in detail and the potential role for RASSF1A reactivation to re-sensitise BRAF mutant melanomas to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lucía García-Gutiérrez
- Systems Biology Ireland, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland;
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Ventura TMO, Ribeiro NR, Taira EA, de Souza-E-Silva CM, Rubira CMF, Santos PSDS, Buzalaf MAR. Radiotherapy changes acquired enamel pellicle proteome in head and neck cancer patients. J Dent 2021; 108:103642. [PMID: 33757866 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2021.103642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate in vivo the proteomic profile of the acquired enamel pellicle (AEP) in patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) before, during and after radiotherapy. METHODS Nine patients, after prophylaxis, had their AEPs collected before (BRT), during (DRT; 2-5 weeks) and after (ART; 3-4 months) radiotherapy. AEP was also collected from nine healthy patients (Control). The proteins were extracted in biological triplicate and processed by label-free proteomics. RESULTS Statherin was increased more than 9-fold and several hemoglobin subunits were increased more than 5-fold DRT compared to BRT, while lactotransferrin, proline-rich proteins, cystatins, neutrophil defensins 1 and 3 and histatin-1 were decreased. ART, there was an increase in lactotransferrin and several isoforms of histones, while statherin and alpha-amylase proteins were decreased. MOAP-1 was exclusively found ART in comparison to BRT. When compared to Control, AEP of patients BRT showed an increase in proteins related to the perception of bitter taste, mucin-7 and alpha-amylases, while cystatin-S was decreased. CONCLUSIONS HNC and radiotherapy remarkably altered the proteome of the AEP. Antibacterial and acid-resistant proteins were decreased during radiotherapy. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Our results provide important information for designing more effective dental products for these patients, in addition to contributing to a better understanding of the differential protective roles of the AEP proteins during radiotherapy. Moreover, some proteins identified in the AEP after radiotherapy may serve as prognostic markers for survival of HNC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talita Mendes Oliveira Ventura
- Department of Biological Sciences - Discipline of Biochemistry, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Al. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, Bauru, SP, 17012-90, Brazil
| | - Nathalia Regina Ribeiro
- Department of Biological Sciences - Discipline of Biochemistry, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Al. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, Bauru, SP, 17012-90, Brazil
| | - Even Akemi Taira
- Department of Biological Sciences - Discipline of Biochemistry, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Al. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, Bauru, SP, 17012-90, Brazil
| | - Cintia Maria de Souza-E-Silva
- Department of Biological Sciences - Discipline of Biochemistry, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Al. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, Bauru, SP, 17012-90, Brazil
| | - Cássia Maria Fischer Rubira
- Department of Surgery, Stomatology, Pathology and Radiology - Discipline of Radiology and Stomatology, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Al. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, Bauru, SP, 17012-90, Brazil
| | - Paulo Sérgio da Silva Santos
- Department of Surgery, Stomatology, Pathology and Radiology - Discipline of Radiology and Stomatology, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Al. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, Bauru, SP, 17012-90, Brazil
| | - Marília Afonso Rabelo Buzalaf
- Department of Biological Sciences - Discipline of Biochemistry, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Al. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, Bauru, SP, 17012-90, Brazil.
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Zhou M, Zhang L, Yang Q, Yan C, Jiang P, Lan Y, Wang J, Tang R, He M, Lei G, Sun P, Su N, Price M, Li J, Lin F, Yue B, Fan Z. Age-related gene expression and DNA methylation changes in rhesus macaque. Genomics 2020; 112:5147-5156. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2020.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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11
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Salla M, Pandya V, Bhullar KS, Kerek E, Wong YF, Losch R, Ou J, Aldawsari FS, Velazquez-Martinez C, Thiesen A, Dyck JRB, Hubbard BP, Baksh S. Resveratrol and Resveratrol-Aspirin Hybrid Compounds as Potent Intestinal Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Tumor Drugs. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25173849. [PMID: 32847114 PMCID: PMC7503224 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25173849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol (3,4,5-Trihydroxy-trans-stilbene) is a naturally occurring polyphenol that exhibits beneficial pleiotropic health effects. It is one of the most promising natural molecules in the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases and autoimmune disorders. One of the key limitations in the clinical use of resveratrol is its extensive metabolic processing to its glucuronides and sulfates. It has been estimated that around 75% of this polyphenol is excreted via feces and urine. To possibly alleviate the extensive metabolic processing and improve bioavailability, we have added segments of acetylsalicylic acid to resveratrol in an attempt to maintain the functional properties of both. We initially characterized resveratrol-aspirin derivatives as products that can inhibit cytochrome P450 Family 1 Subfamily A Member 1 (CYP1A1) activity, DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) activity, and cyclooxygenase (COX) activity. In this study, we provide a detailed analysis of how resveratrol and its aspirin derivatives can inhibit nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) activation, cytokine production, the growth rate of cancer cells, and in vivo alleviate intestinal inflammation and tumor growth. We identified resveratrol derivatives C3 and C11 as closely preserving resveratrol bioactivities of growth inhibition of cancer cells, inhibition of NFκB activation, activation of sirtuin, and 5’ adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity. We speculate that the aspirin derivatives of resveratrol would be more metabolically stable, resulting in increased efficacy for treating immune disorders and as an anti-cancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Salla
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 113 Street 87 Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada; (M.S.); (V.P.); (R.L.); (J.O.)
| | - Vrajesh Pandya
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 113 Street 87 Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada; (M.S.); (V.P.); (R.L.); (J.O.)
| | - Khushwant S. Bhullar
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 113 Street 87 Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada; (K.S.B.); (E.K.); (J.R.B.D.); (B.P.H.)
| | - Evan Kerek
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 113 Street 87 Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada; (K.S.B.); (E.K.); (J.R.B.D.); (B.P.H.)
| | - Yoke Fuan Wong
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 113 Street 87 Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada;
| | - Robyn Losch
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 113 Street 87 Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada; (M.S.); (V.P.); (R.L.); (J.O.)
| | - Joe Ou
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 113 Street 87 Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada; (M.S.); (V.P.); (R.L.); (J.O.)
| | - Fahad S. Aldawsari
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, 113 Street 87 Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada or (F.S.A.); (C.V.-M.)
- Saudi Food and Drug Authority Laboratories, 3292 Northern Ring Road, Riyadh 13312, Saudi Arabia
| | - Carlos Velazquez-Martinez
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, 113 Street 87 Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada or (F.S.A.); (C.V.-M.)
| | - Aducio Thiesen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 113 Street 87 Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada;
| | - Jason R. B. Dyck
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 113 Street 87 Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada; (K.S.B.); (E.K.); (J.R.B.D.); (B.P.H.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 113 Street 87 Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada;
| | - Basil P. Hubbard
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 113 Street 87 Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada; (K.S.B.); (E.K.); (J.R.B.D.); (B.P.H.)
| | - Shairaz Baksh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 113 Street 87 Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada; (M.S.); (V.P.); (R.L.); (J.O.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 113 Street 87 Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada;
- Departments of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 113 Street 87 Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
- Member, Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta and Women and Children’s Health Research Institute, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
- BioImmuno Designs, Inc., 4560 TEC Centre, 10230 Jasper Avenue, Edmonton, AB T5J 4P6, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-780-239-0518
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12
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Ko KP, Jeong SI, Lim JS, Lee KW, Lee MG, Chi SG. NORE1A directs apoptotic switch of TNF signaling through reciprocal modulation of ITCH-mediated destruction of TNFRI and BAX. Oncogene 2020; 39:5675-5689. [PMID: 32690868 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-01392-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
NORE1A (RASSF5) is a tumor suppressor of the Ras-association domain family (RASSF) that is commonly inactivated in multiple human cancers. However, the molecular mechanism underlying its growth inhibition function remains largely undefined. Here we report that NORE1A antagonizes tumor necrosis factor receptor I (TNFRI) through the assembly of ITCH-mediated destruction complex to suppress TNF-NF-κB signaling and tumorigenesis. Moreover, NORE1A is identified as a transcription target of NF-κB, which directs an apoptotic switch of TNF effect by blocking ITCH interaction with and ubiquitination of BAX. Mechanistically, NORE1A binds directly to TNFRI and ITCH via the C1 and PPXY domains, respectively to facilitate the formation of ITCH-mediated destruction complex followed by ubiquitination-mediated lysosomal degradation of TNFRI. Through this function, NORE1A suppresses TNF-induced NF-κB-mediated transcription of pro-inflammatory and tumor-promoting genes, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, invasion and migration of tumor cells, and also debilitates tumor cell activation of macrophage and fibroblast. While NORE1A suppresses TNF receptor-mediated apoptosis, it activates TNF-induced apoptosis through BAX activation by protecting BAX from ITCH binding and ubiquitination. Cytotoxic response to TNF is substantially attenuated in NORE1A-depleted cells and tumors, and NORE1A-induced tumor regression is highly impeded in BAX-depleted tumors. An inverse correlation is shown between NORE1A and TNFRI expression in both cancer cell lines and primary tumors, and NORE1A effect on survival of cancer patients is strongly associated with expression status of ITCH. Collectively, this study uncovers that NORE1A directs a substrate switch of ITCH favoring TNFRI over BAX to terminate TNF signaling and accelerate apoptosis, illuminating the mechanistic consequence of NORE1A inactivation in tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Phil Ko
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| | - Seong-In Jeong
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| | - Ji-Sun Lim
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| | - Kyung-Woo Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| | - Min-Goo Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| | - Sung-Gil Chi
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea.
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Tricistronic expression of MOAP-1, Bax and RASSF1A in cancer cells enhances chemo-sensitization that requires BH3L domain of MOAP-1. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2020; 146:1751-1764. [DOI: 10.1007/s00432-020-03231-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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14
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Ibáňez Gaspar V, Catozzi S, Ternet C, Luthert PJ, Kiel C. Analysis of Ras-effector interaction competition in large intestine and colorectal cancer context. Small GTPases 2020; 12:209-225. [PMID: 32057289 PMCID: PMC7939564 DOI: 10.1080/21541248.2020.1724596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the second leading cause of death globally, and colorectal cancer (CRC) is among the five most common cancers. The small GTPase KRAS is an oncogene that is mutated in ~30% of all CRCs. Pharmacological treatments of CRC are currently unsatisfactory, but much hope rests on network-centric approaches to drug development and cancer treatment. These approaches, however, require a better understanding of how networks downstream of Ras oncoproteins are connected in a particular tissue context – here colon and CRC. Previously we have shown that competition for binding to a ‘hub’ protein, such as Ras, can induce a rewiring of signal transduction networks. In this study, we analysed 56 established and predicted effectors that contain a structural domain with the potential ability to bind to Ras oncoproteins and their link to pathways coordinating intestinal homoeostasis and barrier function. Using protein concentrations in colon tissue and Ras-effector binding affinities, a computational network model was generated that predicted how effectors differentially and competitively bind to Ras in colon context. The model also predicted both qualitative and quantitative changes in Ras-effector complex formations with increased levels of active Ras – to simulate its upregulation in cancer – simply as an emergent property of competition for the same binding interface on the surface of Ras. We also considered how the number of Ras-effector complexes at the membrane can be increased by additional domains present in some effectors that are recruited to the membrane in response to specific conditions (inputs/stimuli/growth factors) in colon context and CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Ibáňez Gaspar
- Systems Biology Ireland, and UCD Charles Institute of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Ireland
| | - Simona Catozzi
- Systems Biology Ireland, and UCD Charles Institute of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Ireland
| | - Camille Ternet
- Systems Biology Ireland, and UCD Charles Institute of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Ireland
| | - Philip J Luthert
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, and NIHR Moorfields Biomedical Research Centre, University College London, London, UK
| | - Christina Kiel
- Systems Biology Ireland, and UCD Charles Institute of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Ireland
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15
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García-Gutiérrez L, McKenna S, Kolch W, Matallanas D. RASSF1A Tumour Suppressor: Target the Network for Effective Cancer Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12010229. [PMID: 31963420 PMCID: PMC7017281 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12010229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The RASSF1A tumour suppressor is a scaffold protein that is involved in cell signalling. Increasing evidence shows that this protein sits at the crossroad of a complex signalling network, which includes key regulators of cellular homeostasis, such as Ras, MST2/Hippo, p53, and death receptor pathways. The loss of expression of RASSF1A is one of the most common events in solid tumours and is usually caused by gene silencing through DNA methylation. Thus, re-expression of RASSF1A or therapeutic targeting of effector modules of its complex signalling network, is a promising avenue for treating several tumour types. Here, we review the main modules of the RASSF1A signalling network and the evidence for the effects of network deregulation in different cancer types. In particular, we summarise the epigenetic mechanism that mediates RASSF1A promoter methylation and the Hippo and RAF1 signalling modules. Finally, we discuss different strategies that are described for re-establishing RASSF1A function and how a multitargeting pathway approach selecting druggable nodes in this network could lead to new cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía García-Gutiérrez
- Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; (L.G.-G.); (S.M.); (W.K.)
| | - Stephanie McKenna
- Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; (L.G.-G.); (S.M.); (W.K.)
| | - Walter Kolch
- Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; (L.G.-G.); (S.M.); (W.K.)
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - David Matallanas
- Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; (L.G.-G.); (S.M.); (W.K.)
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- Correspondence:
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16
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RASSF1A, puppeteer of cellular homeostasis, fights tumorigenesis, and metastasis-an updated review. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:928. [PMID: 31804463 PMCID: PMC6895193 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-2169-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The Ras association domain family protein1 isoform A (RASSF1A) is a well-known tumor-suppressor protein frequently inactivated in various human cancers. Consistent with its function as a molecular scaffold protein, referred to in many studies, RASSF1A prevents initiation of tumorigenesis, growth, and dissemination through different biological functions, including cell cycle arrest, migration/metastasis inhibition, microtubular stabilization, and apoptosis promotion. As a regulator of key cancer pathways, namely Ras/Rho GTPases and Hippo signaling without ignoring strong interaction with microtubules, RASSF1A is indeed one of the guardians of cell homeostasis. To date, as we approach the two decade anniversary of RASSF1A’s discovery, this review will summarize our current knowledge on the RASSF1A key interactions as a tumor suppressor and discuss their impact on cell fate during carcinogenesis. This could facilitate a deeper understanding of tumor development and provide us with new strategies in cancer treatment by targeting the RASSF1A pathway.
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17
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Dubois F, Keller M, Hoflack J, Maille E, Antoine M, Westeel V, Bergot E, Quoix E, Lavolé A, Bigay-Game L, Pujol JL, Langlais A, Morin F, Zalcman G, Levallet G. Role of the YAP-1 Transcriptional Target cIAP2 in the Differential Susceptibility to Chemotherapy of Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) Patients with Tumor RASSF1A Gene Methylation from the Phase 3 IFCT-0002 Trial. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11121835. [PMID: 31766357 PMCID: PMC6966477 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11121835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
RASSF1 gene methylation predicts longer disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) in patients with early-stage non-small-cell lung cancer treated using paclitaxel-based neo-adjuvant chemotherapy compared to patients receiving a gemcitabine-based regimen, according to the randomized Phase 3 IFCT (Intergroupe Francophone de Cancérologie Thoracique)-0002 trial. To better understand these results, this study used four human bronchial epithelial cell (HBEC) models (HBEC-3, HBEC-3-RasV12, A549, and H1299) and modulated the expression of RASSF1A or YAP-1. Wound-healing, invasion, proliferation and apoptosis assays were then carried out and the expression of YAP-1 transcriptional targets was quantified using a quantitative polymerase chain reaction. This study reports herein that gemcitabine synergizes with RASSF1A, silencing to increase the IAP-2 expression, which in turn not only interferes with cell proliferation but also promotes cell migration. This contributes to the aggressive behavior of RASSF1A-depleted cells, as confirmed by a combined knockdown of IAP-2 and RASSF1A. Conversely, paclitaxel does not increase the IAP-2 expression but limits the invasiveness of RASSF1A-depleted cells, presumably by rescuing microtubule stabilization. Overall, these data provide a functional insight that supports the prognostic value of RASSF1 gene methylation on survival of early-stage lung cancer patients receiving perioperative paclitaxel-based treatment compared to gemcitabine-based treatment, identifying IAP-2 as a novel biomarker indicative of YAP-1-mediated modulation of chemo-sensitivity in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatéméh Dubois
- Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, ISTCT/CERVOxy group, GIP CYCERON, 14074 Caen, France; (F.D.); (M.K.); (E.M.); (E.B.)
- Department of Pathology, CHU de Caen, 14033 Caen, France
| | - Maureen Keller
- Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, ISTCT/CERVOxy group, GIP CYCERON, 14074 Caen, France; (F.D.); (M.K.); (E.M.); (E.B.)
- Normandie Université, UNICAEN, UPRES-EA2608, 14032 Caen, France
| | - Julien Hoflack
- Normandie Université, UNICAEN, UPRES-EA2608, 14032 Caen, France
| | - Elodie Maille
- Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, ISTCT/CERVOxy group, GIP CYCERON, 14074 Caen, France; (F.D.); (M.K.); (E.M.); (E.B.)
- Normandie Université, UNICAEN, INSERM UMR 1086 ANTICIPE, 14032 Caen, France
| | - Martine Antoine
- Department of Pathology, Hôpital Tenon, AP-HP, 75020 Paris, France;
| | - Virginie Westeel
- Department of Pneumology, University Hospital of Besançon, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 25000 Besançon, France;
| | - Emmanuel Bergot
- Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, ISTCT/CERVOxy group, GIP CYCERON, 14074 Caen, France; (F.D.); (M.K.); (E.M.); (E.B.)
- Department of Pulmonology & Thoracic Oncology, CHU de Caen, 14033 Caen, France
| | - Elisabeth Quoix
- Department of Pneumology, University Hospital, 67000 Strasbourg, France;
| | - Armelle Lavolé
- Sorbonne Université, GRC n 04, Theranoscan, AP-HP, Service de Pneumologie, Hôpital Tenon, 75020 Paris, France;
| | - Laurence Bigay-Game
- Pneumology Department, Toulouse-Purpan, University Hospital Toulouse, 31300 Toulouse, France;
| | - Jean-Louis Pujol
- Département d’Oncologie Thoracique, CHU Montpellier, Univ. Montpellier, 34595 Montpellier, France;
| | - Alexandra Langlais
- Intergroupe Francophone de Cancérologie Thoracique (IFCT), 75009 Paris, France; (A.L.); (F.M.)
| | - Franck Morin
- Intergroupe Francophone de Cancérologie Thoracique (IFCT), 75009 Paris, France; (A.L.); (F.M.)
| | - Gérard Zalcman
- U830 INSERM “Genetics and Biology of Cancers, A.R.T Group”, Curie Institute, 75005 Paris, France
- Department of Thoracic Oncology & CIC1425, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris-Diderot, 75018 Paris, France
- Correspondence: (G.Z.); (G.L.); Tel.: +33-(0)140-257-502 (G.Z.); +33-(0)231-063-134 (G.L.)
| | - Guénaëlle Levallet
- Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, ISTCT/CERVOxy group, GIP CYCERON, 14074 Caen, France; (F.D.); (M.K.); (E.M.); (E.B.)
- Department of Pathology, CHU de Caen, 14033 Caen, France
- Correspondence: (G.Z.); (G.L.); Tel.: +33-(0)140-257-502 (G.Z.); +33-(0)231-063-134 (G.L.)
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18
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Methylation Dynamics of RASSF1A and Its Impact on Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11070959. [PMID: 31323949 PMCID: PMC6678546 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11070959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
5-methyl cytosine (5mC) is a key epigenetic mark entwined with gene expression and the specification of cellular phenotypes. Its distribution around gene promoters sets a barrier for transcriptional enhancers or inhibitor proteins binding to their target sequences. As a result, an additional level of regulation is added to the signals that organize the access to the chromatin and its structural components. The tumor suppressor gene RASSF1A is a microtubule-associated and multitasking scaffold protein communicating with the RAS pathway, estrogen receptor signaling, and Hippo pathway. RASSF1A action stimulates mitotic arrest, DNA repair and apoptosis, and controls the cell cycle and cell migration. De novo methylation of the RASSF1A promoter has received much attention due to its increased frequency in most cancer types. RASSF1A methylation is preceded by histones modifications and could represent an early molecular event in cell transformation. Accordingly, RASSF1A methylation is proposed as an epigenetic candidate marker in many cancer types, even though an inverse correlation of methylation and expression remains to be fully ascertained. Some findings indicate that the epigenetic abrogation of RASSF1A can promote the alternative expression of the putative oncogenic isoform RASSF1C. Understanding the complexity and significance of RASSF1A methylation is instrumental for a more accurate determination of its biological and clinical role. The review covers the molecular events implicated in RASSF1A methylation and gene silencing and provides a deeper view into the significance of the RASSF1A methylation patterns in a number of gastrointestinal cancer types.
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Oceandy D, Amanda B, Ashari FY, Faizah Z, Azis MA, Stafford N. The Cross-Talk Between the TNF-α and RASSF-Hippo Signalling Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20092346. [PMID: 31083564 PMCID: PMC6539482 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The regulation of cell death through apoptosis is essential to a number of physiological processes. Defective apoptosis regulation is associated with many abnormalities including anomalies in organ development, altered immune response and the development of cancer. Several signalling pathways are known to regulate apoptosis including the Tumour Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α) and Hippo signalling pathways. In this paper we review the cross-talk between the TNF-α pathway and the Hippo signalling pathway. Several molecules that tightly regulate the Hippo pathway, such as members of the Ras-association domain family member (RASSF) family proteins, interact and modulate some key proteins within the TNF-α pathway. Meanwhile, TNF-α stimulation also affects the expression and activation of core components of the Hippo pathway. This implies the crucial role of signal integration between these two major pathways in regulating apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delvac Oceandy
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60132, Indonesia.
| | - Bella Amanda
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60132, Indonesia.
| | - Faisal Yusuf Ashari
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60132, Indonesia.
| | - Zakiyatul Faizah
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60132, Indonesia.
| | - M Aminudin Azis
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60132, Indonesia.
| | - Nicholas Stafford
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.
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20
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Ozturk DG, Kocak M, Akcay A, Kinoglu K, Kara E, Buyuk Y, Kazan H, Gozuacik D. MITF-MIR211 axis is a novel autophagy amplifier system during cellular stress. Autophagy 2018; 15:375-390. [PMID: 30290719 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2018.1531197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy (autophagy) is an evolutionarily conserved recycling and stress response mechanism. Active at basal levels in eukaryotes, autophagy is upregulated under stress providing cells with building blocks such as amino acids. A lysosome-integrated sensor system composed of RRAG GTPases and MTOR complex 1 (MTORC1) regulates lysosome biogenesis and autophagy in response to amino acid availability. Stress-mediated inhibition of MTORC1 results in the dephosphorylation and nuclear translocation of the TFE/MITF family of transcriptional factors, and triggers an autophagy- and lysosomal-related gene transcription program. The role of family members TFEB and TFE3 have been studied in detail, but the importance of MITF proteins in autophagy regulation is not clear so far. Here we introduce for the first time a specific role for MITF in autophagy control that involves upregulation of MIR211. We show that, under stress conditions including starvation and MTOR inhibition, a MITF-MIR211 axis constitutes a novel feed-forward loop that controls autophagic activity in cells. Direct targeting of the MTORC2 component RICTOR by MIR211 led to the inhibition of the MTORC1 pathway, further stimulating MITF translocation to the nucleus and completing an autophagy amplification loop. In line with a ubiquitous function, MITF and MIR211 were co-expressed in all tested cell lines and human tissues, and the effects on autophagy were observed in a cell-type independent manner. Thus, our study provides direct evidence that MITF has rate-limiting and specific functions in autophagy regulation. Collectively, the MITF-MIR211 axis constitutes a novel and universal autophagy amplification system that sustains autophagic activity under stress conditions. Abbreviations: ACTB: actin beta; AKT: AKT serine/threonine kinase; AKT1S1/PRAS40: AKT1 substrate 1; AMPK: AMP-activated protein kinase; ATG: autophagy-related; BECN1: beclin 1; DEPTOR: DEP domain containing MTOR interacting protein; GABARAP: GABA type A receptor-associated protein; HIF1A: hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha; LAMP1: lysosomal associated membrane protein 1; MAP1LC3B/LC3B: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; MAPKAP1/SIN1: mitogen-activated protein kinase associated protein 1; MITF: melanogenesis associated transcription factor; MLST8: MTOR associated protein, LST8 homolog; MRE: miRNA response element; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; MTORC1: MTOR complex 1; MTORC2: MTOR complex 2; PRR5/Protor 1: proline rich 5; PRR5L/Protor 2: proline rich 5 like; RACK1: receptor for activated C kinase 1; RPTOR: regulatory associated protein of MTOR complex 1; RICTOR: RPTOR independent companion of MTOR complex 2; RPS6KB/p70S6K: ribosomal protein S6 kinase; RT-qPCR: quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction; SQSTM1: sequestosome 1; STK11/LKB1: serine/threonine kinase 11; TFE3: transcription factor binding to IGHM enhancer 3; TFEB: transcription factor EB; TSC1/2: TSC complex subunit 1/2; ULK1: unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1; UVRAG: UV radiation resistance associated; VIM: vimentin; VPS11: VPS11, CORVET/HOPS core subunit; VPS18: VPS18, CORVET/HOPS core subunit; WIPI1: WD repeat domain, phosphoinositide interacting 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Gulfem Ozturk
- a Sabanci University , Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Molecular Biology, Genetics and Bioengineering Program , Orhanli-Tuzla , Turkey
| | - Muhammed Kocak
- a Sabanci University , Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Molecular Biology, Genetics and Bioengineering Program , Orhanli-Tuzla , Turkey
| | - Arzu Akcay
- b Council of Forensic Medicine , Ministry of Justice , Bahcelievler , Turkey
| | - Kubilay Kinoglu
- b Council of Forensic Medicine , Ministry of Justice , Bahcelievler , Turkey
| | - Erdogan Kara
- b Council of Forensic Medicine , Ministry of Justice , Bahcelievler , Turkey
| | - Yalcin Buyuk
- b Council of Forensic Medicine , Ministry of Justice , Bahcelievler , Turkey
| | - Hilal Kazan
- c Antalya Bilim University, Faculty of Engineering , Department of Computer Engineering , Antalya , Turkey
| | - Devrim Gozuacik
- a Sabanci University , Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Molecular Biology, Genetics and Bioengineering Program , Orhanli-Tuzla , Turkey.,d Center of Excellence for Functional Surfaces and Interfaces for Nano Diagnostics (EFSUN) , Orhanli-Tuzla , Turkey.,e Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM) , Sabanci University , Orhanli-Tuzla , Turkey
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21
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Wang N, He X, Zhou R, Jia G, Qiao Q. STAT3 induces colorectal carcinoma progression through a novel miR-572-MOAP-1 pathway. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:3475-3484. [PMID: 29942139 PMCID: PMC6007208 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s158764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is among the most common causes of death. Recent studies have shown that both STAT3 and miR-572 contribute to CRC progression. STAT3 plays an important role in miRNA expression. Moreover, MOAP-1, which is a pro-apoptotic protein that induces cell death or apoptosis, has a direct correlation with miRNA. Therefore, the current study is designed to explore whether miR-572 and STAT3 are involved in a common pathway and the role of MOAP-1 in this process. Patients and methods The expressions of STAT3, miR-572, and MOAP-1 in human CRC tissues and multiple cell lines were estimated by qRT-PCR or Western blot. MTT, transwell migration, and invasion assays were used to assess cell growth, migration, and invasion, respectively. Dual-luciferase reporter assay was applied to examine the association between miR-572 and MOAP-1. Results Elevated STAT3 levels were accompanied by increased miR-572 and decreased MOAP-1 levels in primary CRC specimens and cell lines. STAT3 promoted CRC cell growth, migration, and invasion via the upregulated expression of miR-572. Subsequently, miR-572 inhibited MOAP-1 protein expression through an interaction with its 3′UTR. Conclusion Our study proposes a novel STAT3-miR-572-MOAP-1 pathway involved in the process of CRC progression, which might be a potential target for the development of new preventive and therapeutic approaches against human colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shanxi, 710038, China
| | - Xianli He
- Department of General Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shanxi, 710038, China
| | - Ru Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shanxi, 710032, China
| | - Guozhan Jia
- Department of General Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shanxi, 710038, China
| | - Qing Qiao
- Department of General Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shanxi, 710038, China
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22
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RACK1/TRAF2 regulation of modulator of apoptosis-1 (MOAP-1). BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2018; 1865:684-694. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2018.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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23
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Iwasa H, Hossain S, Hata Y. Tumor suppressor C-RASSF proteins. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:1773-1787. [PMID: 29353317 PMCID: PMC11105443 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2756-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Human genome has ten genes that are collectedly called Ras association domain family (RASSF). RASSF is composed of two subclasses, C-RASSF and N-RASSF. Both N-RASSF and C-RASSF encode Ras association domain-containing proteins and are frequently suppressed by DNA hypermethylation in human cancers. However, C-RASSF and N-RASSF are quite different. Six C-RASSF proteins (RASSF1-6) are characterized by a C-terminal coiled-coil motif named Salvador/RASSF/Hippo domain, while four N-RASSF proteins (RASSF7-10) lack it. C-RASSF proteins interact with mammalian Ste20-like kinases-the core kinases of the tumor suppressor Hippo pathway-and cross-talk with this pathway. Some of them share the same interacting molecules such as MDM2 and exert the tumor suppressor role in similar manners. Nevertheless, each C-RASSF protein has distinct characters. In this review, we summarize our current knowledge of how C-RASSF proteins play tumor suppressor roles and discuss the similarities and differences among C-RASSF proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Iwasa
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Shakhawoat Hossain
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Yutaka Hata
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan.
- Center for Brain Integration Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan.
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24
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Pang SW, Lahiri C, Poh CL, Tan KO. PNMA family: Protein interaction network and cell signalling pathways implicated in cancer and apoptosis. Cell Signal 2018; 45:54-62. [PMID: 29378289 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2018.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Paraneoplastic Ma Family (PNMA) comprises a growing number of family members which share relatively conserved protein sequences encoded by the human genome and is localized to several human chromosomes, including the X-chromosome. Based on sequence analysis, PNMA family members share sequence homology to the Gag protein of LTR retrotransposon, and several family members with aberrant protein expressions have been reported to be closely associated with the human Paraneoplastic Disorder (PND). In addition, gene mutations of specific members of PNMA family are known to be associated with human mental retardation or 3-M syndrome consisting of restrictive post-natal growth or dwarfism, and development of skeletal abnormalities. Other than sequence homology, the physiological function of many members in this family remains unclear. However, several members of this family have been characterized, including cell signalling events mediated by these proteins that are associated with apoptosis, and cancer in different cell types. Furthermore, while certain PNMA family members show restricted gene expression in the human brain and testis, other PNMA family members exhibit broader gene expression or preferential and selective protein interaction profiles, suggesting functional divergence within the family. Functional analysis of some members of this family have identified protein domains that are required for subcellular localization, protein-protein interactions, and cell signalling events which are the focus of this review paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siew Wai Pang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Chandrajit Lahiri
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Chit Laa Poh
- Research Centre for Biomedical Sciences, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Kuan Onn Tan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
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25
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Eblen ST, Bradley A. MOAP-1, UBR5 and cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer. Transl Cancer Res 2017; 6:S18-S21. [PMID: 29607295 DOI: 10.21037/tcr.2017.02.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Scott T Eblen
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Amber Bradley
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
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26
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Abstract
The MST1 and MST2 protein kinases comprise the GCK-II subfamily of protein kinases. In addition to their amino-terminal kinase catalytic domain, related to that of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae protein kinase Ste20, their most characteristic feature is the presence near the carboxy terminus of a unique helical structure called a SARAH domain; this segment allows MST1/MST2 to homodimerize and to heterodimerize with the other polypeptides that contain SARAH domains, the noncatalytic polypeptides RASSF1-6 and Sav1/WW45. Early studies emphasized the potent ability of MST1/MST2 to induce apoptosis upon being overexpressed, as well as the conversion of the endogenous MST1/MST2 polypeptides to constitutively active, caspase-cleaved catalytic fragments during apoptosis initiated by any stimulus. Later, the cleaved, constitutively active form of MST1 was identified in nonapoptotic, quiescent adult hepatocytes as well as in cells undergoing terminal differentiation, where its presence is necessary to maintain those cellular states. The physiologic regulation of full length MST1/MST2 is controlled by the availability of its noncatalytic SARAH domain partners. Interaction with Sav1/WW45 recruits MST1/MST2 into a tumor suppressor pathway, wherein it phosphorylates and activates the Sav1-bound protein kinases Lats1/Lats2, potent inhibitors of the Yap1 and TAZ oncogenic transcriptional regulators. A constitutive interaction with the Rap1-GTP binding protein RASSF5B (Nore1B/RAPL) in T cells recruits MST1 (especially) and MST2 as an effector of Rap1's control of T cell adhesion and migration, a program crucial to immune surveillance and response; loss of function mutation in human MST1 results in profound immunodeficiency. MST1 and MST2 are also regulated by other protein kinases, positively by TAO1 and negatively by Par1, SIK2/3, Akt, and cRaf1. The growing list of candidate MST1/MST2 substrates suggests that the full range of MST1/MST2's physiologic programs and contributions to pathophysiology remains to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob A. Galan
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
- Diabetes Unit and Medical Services, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Joseph Avruch
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
- Diabetes Unit and Medical Services, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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27
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Lee YH, Pang SW, Poh CL, Tan KO. Distinct functional domains of PNMA5 mediate protein-protein interaction, nuclear localization, and apoptosis signaling in human cancer cells. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2016; 142:1967-77. [PMID: 27424190 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-016-2205-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Members of paraneoplastic Ma (PNMA) family have been identified as onconeuronal antigens, which aberrant expressions in cancer cells of patients with paraneoplastic disorder (PND) are closely linked to manifestation of auto-immunity, neuro-degeneration, and cancer. The purpose of present study was to determine the role of PNMA5 and its functional relationship to MOAP-1 (PNMA4) in human cancer cells. METHODS PNMA5 mutants were generated through deletion or site-directed mutagenesis and transiently expressed in human cancer cell lines to investigate their role in apoptosis, subcellular localization, and potential interaction with MOAP-1 through apoptosis assays, fluorescence microscopy, and co-immunoprecipitation studies, respectively. RESULTS Over-expressed human PNMA5 exhibited nuclear localization pattern in both MCF-7 and HeLa cells. Deletion mapping and mutagenesis studies showed that C-terminus of PNMA5 is responsible for nuclear localization, while the amino acid residues (391KRRR) within the C-terminus of PNMA5 are required for nuclear targeting. Deletion mapping and co-immunoprecipitation studies showed that PNMA5 interacts with MOAP-1 and N-terminal domain of PNMA5 is required for interaction with MOAP-1. Furthermore, co-expression of PNMA5 and MOAP-1 in MCF-7 cells significantly enhanced chemo-sensitivity of MCF-7 to Etoposide treatment, indicating that PNMA5 and MOAP-1 interact synergistically to promote apoptotic signaling in MCF-7 cells. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that PNMA5 promotes apoptosis signaling in HeLa and MCF-7 cells and interacts synergistically with MOAP-1 through its N-terminal domain to promote apoptosis and chemo-sensitivity in human cancer cells. The C-terminal domain of PNMA5 is required for nuclear localization; however, both N-and C-terminal domains of PNMA5 appear to be required for pro-apoptotic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Hoi Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sunway University, No.5 Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, 46150, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Siew Wai Pang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sunway University, No.5 Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, 46150, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chit Laa Poh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sunway University, No.5 Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, 46150, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kuan Onn Tan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sunway University, No.5 Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, 46150, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Pefani DE, Pankova D, Abraham AG, Grawenda AM, Vlahov N, Scrace S, O' Neill E. TGF-β Targets the Hippo Pathway Scaffold RASSF1A to Facilitate YAP/SMAD2 Nuclear Translocation. Mol Cell 2016; 63:156-66. [PMID: 27292796 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2016.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2015] [Revised: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic inactivation of the Hippo pathway scaffold RASSF1A is associated with poor prognosis in a wide range of sporadic human cancers. Loss of expression reduces tumor suppressor activity and promotes genomic instability, but how this pleiotropic biomarker is regulated at the protein level is unknown. Here we show that TGF-β is the physiological signal that stimulates RASSF1A degradation by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. In response to TGF-β, RASSF1A is recruited to TGF-β receptor I and targeted for degradation by the co-recruited E3 ubiquitin ligase ITCH. RASSF1A degradation is necessary to permit Hippo pathway effector YAP1 association with SMADs and subsequent nuclear translocation of receptor-activated SMAD2. We find that RASSF1A expression regulates TGF-β-induced YAP1/SMAD2 interaction and leads to SMAD2 cytoplasmic retention and inefficient transcription of TGF-β targets genes. Moreover, RASSF1A limits TGF-β induced invasion, offering a new framework on how RASSF1A affects YAP1 transcriptional output and elicits its tumor-suppressive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dafni-Eleftheria Pefani
- CRUK/MRC Institute for Radiation Oncology and Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ UK
| | - Daniela Pankova
- CRUK/MRC Institute for Radiation Oncology and Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ UK
| | - Aswin G Abraham
- CRUK/MRC Institute for Radiation Oncology and Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ UK
| | - Anna M Grawenda
- CRUK/MRC Institute for Radiation Oncology and Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ UK
| | - Nikola Vlahov
- CRUK/MRC Institute for Radiation Oncology and Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ UK
| | - Simon Scrace
- CRUK/MRC Institute for Radiation Oncology and Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ UK
| | - Eric O' Neill
- CRUK/MRC Institute for Radiation Oncology and Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ UK.
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RASSF1A Site-Specific Methylation Hotspots in Cancer and Correlation with RASSF1C and MOAP-1. Cancers (Basel) 2016; 8:cancers8060055. [PMID: 27294960 PMCID: PMC4931620 DOI: 10.3390/cancers8060055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 05/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic silencing of RASSF1A is frequently observed in numerous cancers and has been previously reported. The promoter region of RASSF1A is predicted to have 75 CpG sites, and very few studies demonstrate how the methylation of these sites affects expression. In addition, the expression relationship between RASSF1A and its downstream target, modulator of apoptosis 1 (MOAP-1), is poorly understood. In this study, we have explored the mRNA expression of RASSF1A, MOAP-1 and the well-characterized splice variant of RASSF1, RASSF1C, in cancer cell lines and primary tumors. We confirmed that the RASSF1A promoter is robustly methylated within a 32-CpG region in solid tumors and results in lower mRNA expression. The MOAP-1 promoter contains ~110 CpG sites, but was not found to be methylated in cancer cell lines when 19 predicted CpG sites were explored. Interestingly, MOAP-1 mRNA expression positively correlated with RASSF1A expression in numerous cancers, whereas RASSF1C expression remained the same or was increased in cell lines or tissues with epigenetic loss of RASSF1A. We speculate that MOAP-1 and RASSF1A may be more intimately connected than originally thought, and the expression of both are warranted in experimental designs exploring the biology of the RASSF1A/MOAP-1 molecular pathway.
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30
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Lee MG, Jeong SI, Ko KP, Park SK, Ryu BK, Kim IY, Kim JK, Chi SG. RASSF1A Directly Antagonizes RhoA Activity through the Assembly of a Smurf1-Mediated Destruction Complex to Suppress Tumorigenesis. Cancer Res 2016; 76:1847-59. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-1752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
RASSF1A is a tumor suppressor implicated in many tumorigenic processes; however, the basis for its tumor suppressor functions are not fully understood. Here we show that RASSF1A is a novel antagonist of protumorigenic RhoA activity. Direct interaction between the C-terminal amino acids (256–277) of RASSF1A and active GTP-RhoA was critical for this antagonism. In addition, interaction between the N-terminal amino acids (69-82) of RASSF1A and the ubiquitin E3 ligase Smad ubiquitination regulatory factor 1 (Smurf1) disrupted GTPase activity by facilitating Smurf1-mediated ubiquitination of GTP-RhoA. We noted that the RhoA-binding domain of RASSF1A displayed high sequence homology with Rho-binding motifs in other RhoA effectors, such as Rhotekin. As predicted on this basis, RASSF1A competed with Rhotekin to bind RhoA and to block its activation. RASSF1A mutants unable to bind RhoA or Smurf1 failed to suppress RhoA-induced tumor cell proliferation, drug resistance, epithelial–mesenchymal transition, migration, invasion, and metastasis. Clinically, expression levels of RASSF1A and RhoA were inversely correlated in many types of primary and metastatic tumors and tumor cell lines. Collectively, our findings showed how RASSF1A may suppress tumorigenesis by intrinsically inhibiting the tumor-promoting activity of RhoA, thereby illuminating the potential mechanistic consequences of RASSF1A inactivation in many cancers. Cancer Res; 76(7); 1847–59. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Goo Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seong-In Jeong
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung-Phil Ko
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soon-Ki Park
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byung-Kyu Ryu
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ick-Young Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong-Kook Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung-Gil Chi
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
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Lee YH, Pang SW, Tan KO. PNMA2 mediates heterodimeric interactions and antagonizes chemo-sensitizing activities mediated by members of PNMA family. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 473:224-229. [PMID: 27003254 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.03.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PNMA2, a member of the Paraneoplastic Ma Family (PNMA), was identified through expression cloning by using anti-sera from patients with paraneoplastic disorder. Tissue expression studies showed that PNMA2 was predominantly expressed in normal human brain; however, the protein was shown to exhibit abnormal expression profile as it was found to be expressed in a number of tumour tissues obtained from paraneopalstic patients. The abnormal expression profile of PNMA2 suggests that it might play an important role in tumorigenesis; however, apart from protein expression and immunological studies, the physiological role of PNMA2 remains unclear. In order to determine potential role of PNMA2 in tumorigenesis, and its functional relationship with PNMA family members, MOAP-1 (PNMA4) and PNMA1, expression constructs encoding the respective proteins were generated for both in vitro and in vivo studies. Our investigations showed that over-expressed MOAP-1 and PNMA1 promoted apoptosis and chemo-sensitization in MCF-7 cells as evidenced by condensed nuclei and Annexin-V positive MCF-7 cells; however, the effects mediated by these proteins were significantly inhibited or abolished when co-expressed with PNMA2 in MCF-7 cells. Furthermore, co-immunoprecipitation study showed that PNMA1 and MOAP-1 failed to associate with each other but readily formed respective heterodimer with PNMA2, suggesting that PNMA2 functions as antagonist of MOAP-1 and PNMA1 through heterodimeric interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Hoi Lee
- Cancer Biology Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sunway University, No.5 Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Siew Wai Pang
- Cancer Biology Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sunway University, No.5 Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Kuan Onn Tan
- Cancer Biology Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sunway University, No.5 Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
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Iwasa H, Jiang X, Hata Y. RASSF6; the Putative Tumor Suppressor of the RASSF Family. Cancers (Basel) 2015; 7:2415-26. [PMID: 26690221 PMCID: PMC4695899 DOI: 10.3390/cancers7040899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans have 10 genes that belong to the Ras association (RA) domain family (RASSF). Among them, RASSF7 to RASSF10 have the RA domain in the N-terminal region and are called the N-RASSF proteins. In contradistinction to them, RASSF1 to RASSF6 are referred to as the C-RASSF proteins. The C-RASSF proteins have the RA domain in the middle region and the Salvador/RASSF/Hippo domain in the C-terminal region. RASSF6 additionally harbors the PSD-95/Discs large/ZO-1 (PDZ)-binding motif. Expression of RASSF6 is epigenetically suppressed in human cancers and is generally regarded as a tumor suppressor. RASSF6 induces caspase-dependent and -independent apoptosis. RASSF6 interacts with mammalian Ste20-like kinases (homologs of Drosophila Hippo) and cross-talks with the Hippo pathway. RASSF6 binds MDM2 and regulates p53 expression. The interactions with Ras and Modulator of apoptosis 1 (MOAP1) are also suggested by heterologous protein-protein interaction experiments. RASSF6 regulates apoptosis and cell cycle through these protein-protein interactions, and is implicated in the NF-κB and JNK signaling pathways. We summarize our current knowledge about RASSF6 and discuss what common and different properties RASSF6 and the other C-RASSF proteins have.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Iwasa
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan.
| | - Xinliang Jiang
- Center for Brain Integration Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan.
| | - Yutaka Hata
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan.
- Center for Brain Integration Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan.
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Law J, Salla M, Zare A, Wong Y, Luong L, Volodko N, Svystun O, Flood K, Lim J, Sung M, Dyck JRB, Tan CT, Su YC, Yu VC, Mackey J, Baksh S. Modulator of apoptosis 1 (MOAP-1) is a tumor suppressor protein linked to the RASSF1A protein. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:24100-18. [PMID: 26269600 PMCID: PMC4591801 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.648345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Modulator of apoptosis 1 (MOAP-1) is a BH3-like protein that plays key roles in cell death or apoptosis. It is an integral partner to the tumor suppressor protein, Ras association domain family 1A (RASSF1A), and functions to activate the Bcl-2 family pro-apoptotic protein Bax. Although RASSF1A is now considered a bona fide tumor suppressor protein, the role of MOAP-1 as a tumor suppressor protein has yet to be determined. In this study, we present several lines of evidence from cancer databases, immunoblotting of cancer cells, proliferation, and xenograft assays as well as DNA microarray analysis to demonstrate the role of MOAP-1 as a tumor suppressor protein. Frequent loss of MOAP-1 expression, in at least some cancers, appears to be attributed to mRNA down-regulation and the rapid proteasomal degradation of MOAP-1 that could be reversed utilizing the proteasome inhibitor MG132. Overexpression of MOAP-1 in several cancer cell lines resulted in reduced tumorigenesis and up-regulation of genes involved in cancer regulatory pathways that include apoptosis (p53, Fas, and MST1), DNA damage control (poly(ADP)-ribose polymerase and ataxia telangiectasia mutated), those within the cell metabolism (IR-α, IR-β, and AMP-activated protein kinase), and a stabilizing effect on microtubules. The loss of RASSF1A (an upstream regulator of MOAP-1) is one of the earliest detectable epigenetically silenced tumor suppressor proteins in cancer, and we speculate that the additional loss of function of MOAP-1 may be a second hit to functionally compromise the RASSF1A/MOAP-1 death receptor-dependent pathway and drive tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yoke Wong
- From the Departments of Biochemistry and
| | - Le Luong
- From the Departments of Biochemistry and
| | | | | | | | | | - Miranda Sung
- Pediatrics, Cardiovascular Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Jason R B Dyck
- Pediatrics, Cardiovascular Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Chong Teik Tan
- the Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Yu-Chin Su
- the Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Victor C Yu
- the Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - John Mackey
- the Department of Experimental Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1Z2, Canada, and
| | - Shairaz Baksh
- From the Departments of Biochemistry and Pediatrics, the Department of Experimental Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1Z2, Canada, and the Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1Z2, Canada, the Alberta IBD Consortium, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2X8, Canada, and the Women and Children's Health Research Institute, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1C9, Canada
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Zheng L, Qian B, Tian D, Tang T, Wan S, Wang L, Zhu L, Geng X. FOXA1 positively regulates gene expression by changing gene methylation status in human breast cancer MCF-7 cells. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2015; 8:96-106. [PMID: 25755696 PMCID: PMC4348911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE DNA methylation is an important epigenetic modification with tumor suppressor gene silencing in cancer. The mechanisms underlying DNA methylation patterns are still poorly understood. This study aims to evaluate the potential value of FOXA1 for controlling gene CpG island methylation in breast cancer. METHODS FOXA1 was down-regulated by transfection with siRNA and up-regulated by transfection with plasmid in MCF-7 cell lines. The DNA methylation and mRNA levels were examined by qMSP and qRT-PCR. The cell proliferation and apoptosis was detected by MTT and Flow cytometry. RESULTS Suppression of FOXA1 enhanced the methylation status of DAPK, MGMT, RASSF1A, p53, and depressed mRNA levels of these tumor suppressor genes, whereas over-expression of FOXA1 showed the opposite effects. DNMT1, DNMT3A and DNMT3B mRNA were up-regulated by siRNA knock-down of FOXA1. At the same time, FOXA1 suppression promoted cell growth and inhibited apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS FOXA1 may be associated with methylation of the tumor suppressor genes promoter through changing DNMTs expression. FOXA1 could be a potential demethylation target for prevention and treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityAnhui, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Bo Qian
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityAnhui, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Duo Tian
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityAnhui, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Tong Tang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityAnhui, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Shengyun Wan
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityAnhui, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityAnhui, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Lixin Zhu
- Cental Laboratory, The First Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityAnhui, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Xiaoping Geng
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityAnhui, Hefei 230601, China
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He Z, Duan H, Zhang B, Li M, Chen L, Zhang B, Zhu X, Gao C, Li J, Zhang X, Zhang J, Wang S, Zeng X, Li D, Xing X, Zhang Z, Ma L, Bai Q, Liu C, Xiao Y, Zheng Y, Chen W. CpG site-specific RASSF1a hypermethylation is associated with occupational PAH exposure and genomic instability. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5tx00013k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown an etiologic link between exposure to PAHs and lung cancer development.
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Gordon M, Baksh S. RASSF1A: Not a prototypical Ras effector. Small GTPases 2014; 2:148-157. [PMID: 21776416 DOI: 10.4161/sgtp.2.3.16286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2011] [Revised: 04/28/2011] [Accepted: 05/02/2011] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The Ras association domain family (RASSF) of genes are commonly silenced by promoter specific methylation in human cancers. After the cloning of the first two family members in early 2000 (RASSF1 and RASSF5), eight other related genes have been identified (RASSF2, 3, 4 and 6-10). The unifying motif amongst all RASSF family members is the presence of the Ras association (RA) domain that could potentially associate with the Ras family of GTPases. Detailed analyses have determined that RASSF family members are tumor suppressor proteins, activators of cell death, cell cycle modulators, microtubule stabilizers and possibly inflammatory mediators linked to NFκB. As such, exploring the biological function of this gene family is needed and if indeed RASSF proteins could be the missing link between Ras signaling and apoptosis. Several RASSF family members have been demonstrated to associate with Ras. However, there is still controversy regarding the ability of RASSF1A to utilize Ras to promote cell death and of the importance of the RASSF1A RA domain. The focus of this review is to highlight the importance of Ras binding to the RASSF family of proteins and discuss what we currently know about the biology of RASSF1A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilyn Gordon
- Department of Pediatrics; Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry; University of Alberta; Edmonton, AB Canada
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Jiang SH, He P, Ma MZ, Wang Y, Li RK, Fang F, Fu Y, Tian GA, Qin WX, Zhang ZG. PNMA1 promotes cell growth in human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2014; 7:3827-3835. [PMID: 25120759 PMCID: PMC4128994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Paraneoplastic Ma1 (PNMA1) is a member of an expanding family of 'brain/testis' proteins involved in an autoimmune disorder defined as paraneoplastic neurological syndrome (PNS). Although it is widely studied in PNS, little is known about the underlying clinical significance and biological function of PNMA1 in tumors. Here, we find that elevated PNMA1 expression is more commonly observed in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cell lines, compared with normal pancreatic cell and tissues from pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma patient. Besides, higher PNMA1 expression is closely correlated with large tumor size. Suppression of endogenous PNMA1 expression decreases cell viability and promotes cell apoptosis. Subsequent studies reveal that the PI3K/AKT, MAPK/ERK pathway and members of the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family may be involved in the pro-survival and anti-apoptotic effect of PNMA1 on PDAC. Taken together, this study provides evidence that PNMA1 is involved in tumor growth of pancreatic carcinoma and PNMA1-related pathways might represent a new treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Heng Jiang
- Shanghai Medical College of Fudan UniversityShanghai 200032, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Ping He
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Ming-Ze Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Yang Wang
- Shanghai Medical College of Fudan UniversityShanghai 200032, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Rong-kun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Fang Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Ying Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Guang-Ang Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Xin Qin
- Shanghai Medical College of Fudan UniversityShanghai 200032, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Gang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 200240, P.R. China
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Mohamed TMA, Zi M, Prehar S, Maqsood A, Abou-Leisa R, Nguyen L, Pfeifer GP, Cartwright EJ, Neyses L, Oceandy D. The tumour suppressor Ras-association domain family protein 1A (RASSF1A) regulates TNF-α signalling in cardiomyocytes. Cardiovasc Res 2014; 103:47-59. [PMID: 24776599 PMCID: PMC4207857 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvu111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims Tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) plays a key role in the regulation of cardiac contractility. Although cardiomyocytes are known to express the TNF-α receptors (TNFRs), the mechanism of TNF-α signal transmission is incompletely understood. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the tumour suppressor Ras-association domain family protein 1 isoform A (RASSF1A) modulates TNF-α signalling in cardiomyocytes. Methods and results We used RASSF1A knockout (RASSF1A−/−) mice and wild-type (WT) littermates in this study. Acute stimulation with a low dose of TNF-α (10 µg/kg iv) increased cardiac contractility and intracellular calcium transients' amplitude in WT mice. In contrast, RASSF1A−/− mice showed a blunted contractile response. Mechanistically, RASSF1A was essential in the formation of the TNFR complex (TNFRC), where it functions as an adaptor molecule to facilitate the recruitment of TNFR type 1-associated death domain protein and TNFR-associated factor 2 to form the TNF-α receptor complex. In the absence of RASSF1A, signal transmission from the TNF-α receptor complex to the downstream effectors, such as cytoplasmic phospholipase A2 and protein kinase A, was attenuated leading to the reduction in the activation of calcium handling molecules, such as L-type Ca2+ channel and ryanodine receptors. Conclusion Our data indicate an essential role of RASSF1A in regulating TNF-α signalling in cardiomyocytes, with RASSF1A being key in the formation of the TNFRC and in signal transmission to the downstream targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamer M A Mohamed
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, EL-Sharkiah, Egypt J David Gladstone Research Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Min Zi
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Sukhpal Prehar
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Arfa Maqsood
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Riham Abou-Leisa
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Loan Nguyen
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Gerd P Pfeifer
- Division of Biology, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth J Cartwright
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Ludwig Neyses
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Delvac Oceandy
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
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Volodko N, Gordon M, Salla M, Ghazaleh HA, Baksh S. RASSF tumor suppressor gene family: Biological functions and regulation. FEBS Lett 2014; 588:2671-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2014.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Revised: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Korkmaz G, Tekirdag KA, Ozturk DG, Kosar A, Sezerman OU, Gozuacik D. MIR376A is a regulator of starvation-induced autophagy. PLoS One 2013; 8:e82556. [PMID: 24358205 PMCID: PMC3864973 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Autophagy is a vesicular trafficking process responsible for the degradation of long-lived, misfolded or abnormal proteins, as well as damaged or surplus organelles. Abnormalities of the autophagic activity may result in the accumulation of protein aggregates, organelle dysfunction, and autophagy disorders were associated with various diseases. Hence, mechanisms of autophagy regulation are under exploration. Methods Over-expression of hsa-miR-376a1 (shortly MIR376A) was performed to evaluate its effects on autophagy. Autophagy-related targets of the miRNA were predicted using Microcosm Targets and MIRanda bioinformatics tools and experimentally validated. Endogenous miRNA was blocked using antagomirs and the effects on target expression and autophagy were analyzed. Luciferase tests were performed to confirm that 3′ UTR sequences in target genes were functional. Differential expression of MIR376A and the related MIR376B was compared using TaqMan quantitative PCR. Results Here, we demonstrated that, a microRNA (miRNA) from the DLK1/GTL2 gene cluster, MIR376A, played an important role in autophagy regulation. We showed that, amino acid and serum starvation-induced autophagy was blocked by MIR376A overexpression in MCF-7 and Huh7 cells. MIR376A shared the same seed sequence and had overlapping targets with MIR376B, and similarly blocked the expression of key autophagy proteins ATG4C and BECN1 (Beclin 1). Indeed, 3′ UTR sequences in the mRNA of these autophagy proteins were responsive to MIR376A in luciferase assays. Antagomir tests showed that, endogenous MIR376A was participating to the control of ATG4C and BECN1 transcript and protein levels. Moreover, blockage of endogenous MIR376A accelerated starvation-induced autophagic activity. Interestingly, MIR376A and MIR376B levels were increased with different kinetics in response to starvation stress and tissue-specific level differences were also observed, pointing out to an overlapping but miRNA-specific biological role. Conclusions Our findings underline the importance of miRNAs encoded by the DLK1/GTL2 gene cluster in stress-response control mechanisms, and introduce MIR376A as a new regulator of autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gozde Korkmaz
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kumsal Ayse Tekirdag
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Deniz Gulfem Ozturk
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ali Kosar
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Osman Ugur Sezerman
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Devrim Gozuacik
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey
- * E-mail:
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The RASSF1 Gene and the Opposing Effects of the RASSF1A and RASSF1C Isoforms on Cell Proliferation and Apoptosis. Mol Biol Int 2013; 2013:145096. [PMID: 24327924 PMCID: PMC3845702 DOI: 10.1155/2013/145096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
RASSF1A has been demonstrated to be a tumor suppressor, while RASSF1C is now emerging as a growth promoting protein in breast and lung cancer cells. To further highlight the dual functionality of the RASSF1 gene, we have compared the effects of RASSF1A and RASSF1C on cell proliferation and apoptosis in the presence of TNF- α . Overexpression of RASSF1C in breast and lung cancer cells reduced the effects of TNF- α on cell proliferation, apoptosis, and MST1/2 phosphorylation, while overexpression of RASSF1A had the opposite effect. We also assessed the expression of RASSF1A and RASSF1C in breast and lung tumor and matched normal tissues. We found that RASSF1A mRNA levels are significantly higher than RASSF1C mRNA levels in all normal breast and lung tissues examined. In addition, RASSF1A expression is significantly downregulated in 92% of breast tumors and in 53% of lung tumors. Conversely, RASSF1C was upregulated in 62% of breast tumors and in 47% of lung tumors. Together, these findings suggest that RASSF1C, unlike RASSF1A, is not a tumor suppressor but instead may play a role in stimulating survival in breast and lung cancer cells.
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Gordon M, El-Kalla M, Zhao Y, Fiteih Y, Law J, Volodko N, Mohamed A, El-Kadi AOS, Liu L, Odenbach J, Thiesen A, Onyskiw C, Ghazaleh HA, Park J, Lee SB, Yu VC, Fernandez-Patron C, Alexander RT, Wine E, Baksh S. The tumor suppressor gene, RASSF1A, is essential for protection against inflammation -induced injury. PLoS One 2013; 8:e75483. [PMID: 24146755 PMCID: PMC3797720 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2012] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Ras association domain family protein 1A (RASSF1A) is a tumor suppressor gene silenced in cancer. Here we report that RASSF1A is a novel regulator of intestinal inflammation as Rassf1a+/−, Rassf1a−/− and an intestinal epithelial cell specific knockout mouse (Rassf1a IEC-KO) rapidly became sick following dextran sulphate sodium (DSS) administration, a chemical inducer of colitis. Rassf1a knockout mice displayed clinical symptoms of inflammatory bowel disease including: increased intestinal permeability, enhanced cytokine/chemokine production, elevated nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells (NFκB) activity, elevated colonic cell death and epithelial cell injury. Furthermore, epithelial restitution/repair was inhibited in DSS-treated Rassf1a−/− mice with reduction of several makers of proliferation including Yes associated protein (YAP)-driven proliferation. Surprisingly, tyrosine phosphorylation of YAP was detected which coincided with increased nuclear p73 association, Bax-driven epithelial cell death and p53 accumulation resulting in enhanced apoptosis and poor survival of DSS-treated Rassf1a knockout mice. We can inhibit these events and promote the survival of DSS-treated Rassf1a knockout mice with intraperitoneal injection of the c-Abl and c-Abl related protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor, imatinib/gleevec. However, p53 accumulation was not inhibited by imatinib/gleevec in the Rassf1a−/− background which revealed the importance of p53-dependent cell death during intestinal inflammation. These observations suggest that tyrosine phosphorylation of YAP (to drive p73 association and up-regulation of pro-apoptotic genes such as Bax) and accumulation of p53 are consequences of inflammation-induced injury in DSS-treated Rassf1a−/− mice. Mechanistically, we can detect robust associations of RASSF1A with membrane proximal Toll-like receptor (TLR) components to suggest that RASSF1A may function to interfere and restrict TLR-driven activation of NFκB. Failure to restrict NFκB resulted in the inflammation-induced DNA damage driven tyrosine phosphorylation of YAP, subsequent p53 accumulation and loss of intestinal epithelial homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilyn Gordon
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Mohamed El-Kalla
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Yuewen Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Yahya Fiteih
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jennifer Law
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Natalia Volodko
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Anwar Mohamed
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ayman O. S. El-Kadi
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Lei Liu
- The Centre of Excellence for Gastrointestinal Inflammation and Immunity Research (CEGIIR), Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jeff Odenbach
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Aducio Thiesen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Christina Onyskiw
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Haya Abu Ghazaleh
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jikyoung Park
- Genetics of Development and Disease Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Sean Bong Lee
- Genetics of Development and Disease Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Victor C. Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - R. Todd Alexander
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Nephrology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Eytan Wine
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- The Centre of Excellence for Gastrointestinal Inflammation and Immunity Research (CEGIIR), Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Shairaz Baksh
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Chan JJ, Katan M. PLCɛ and the RASSF family in tumour suppression and other functions. Adv Biol Regul 2013; 53:258-279. [PMID: 23958207 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2013.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Not all proteins implicated in direct binding to Ras appear to have a positive role in the generation and progression of tumours; examples include Phospholipase C epsilon (PLCɛ) and some members of the Ras-association domain family (RASSF). The RASSF family comprises of ten members, known as RASSF1 to RASSF10. PLCɛ and RASSF members carry a common Ras-association domain (RA) that can potentially bind Ras oncoproteins and mediate Ras-regulated functions. RASSF1 to RASSF6 also share a common SARAH domain that facilitates protein-protein interactions with other SARAH domain proteins. The majority of the family are frequently downregulated by epigenetic silencing in cancers. They are implicated in various important biological processes including apoptosis, microtubule stabilisation and cell cycle regulation. Recent studies have reinforced the tumour suppressive properties of the RASSF family, with new evidence of emerging pathways and novel functions that suggest a wider role for these proteins. This review will first describe an emerging role of PLCɛ in tumour suppression and then focus on and summarise the new findings on the RASSF family in the last five years to consolidate their well-established functions, and highlight the new regulatory roles of specific RASSF members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Jia Chan
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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Kawasaki H, Igawa E, Kohosozawa R, Kobayashi M, Nishiko R, Abe H. Detection of aberrant methylation of tumor suppressor genes in plasma from cancer patients. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pmu.2013.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Takenaka M, Inoue H, Takeshima A, Kakura T, Hori T. C. elegansRassf homolog,rasf-1, is functionally associated withrab-39Rab GTPase in oxidative stress response. Genes Cells 2013; 18:203-10. [DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2012] [Accepted: 11/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Motohiko Takenaka
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; College of Life Sciences; Ritsumeikan University; Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga; 525-8577; Japan
| | - Hideki Inoue
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; College of Life Sciences; Ritsumeikan University; Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga; 525-8577; Japan
| | - Atsushi Takeshima
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; College of Life Sciences; Ritsumeikan University; Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga; 525-8577; Japan
| | - Tomonori Kakura
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; College of Life Sciences; Ritsumeikan University; Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga; 525-8577; Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Hori
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; College of Life Sciences; Ritsumeikan University; Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga; 525-8577; Japan
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Protein kinases of the Hippo pathway: regulation and substrates. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2012; 23:770-84. [PMID: 22898666 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2012.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2012] [Accepted: 07/31/2012] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The "Hippo" signaling pathway has emerged as a major regulator of cell proliferation and survival in metazoans. The pathway, as delineated by genetic and biochemical studies in Drosophila, consists of a kinase cascade regulated by cell-cell contact and cell polarity that inhibits the transcriptional coactivator Yorkie and its proliferative, anti-differentiation, antiapoptotic transcriptional program. The core pathway components are the GC kinase Hippo, which phosphorylates the noncatalytic polypeptide Mats/Mob1 and, with the assistance of the scaffold protein Salvador, phosphorylates the ndr-family kinase Lats. In turn phospho-Lats, after binding to phospho-Mats, autoactivates and phosphorylates Yorkie, resulting in its nuclear exit. Hippo also uses the scaffold protein Furry and a different Mob protein to control another ndr-like kinase, the morphogenetic regulator Tricornered. Architecturally homologous kinase cascades consisting of a GC kinase, a Mob protein, a scaffolding polypeptide and an ndr-like kinase are well described in yeast; in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, e.g., the MEN pathway promotes mitotic exit whereas the RAM network, using a different GC kinase, Mob protein, scaffold and ndr-like kinase, regulates cell polarity and morphogenesis. In mammals, the Hippo orthologs Mst1 and Mst2 utilize the Salvador ortholog WW45/Sav1 and other scaffolds to regulate the kinases Lats1/Lats2 and ndr1/ndr2. As in Drosophila, murine Mst1/Mst2, in a redundant manner, negatively regulate the Yorkie ortholog YAP in the epithelial cells of the liver and gut; loss of both Mst1 and Mst2 results in hyperproliferation and tumorigenesis that can be largely negated by reduction or elimination of YAP. Despite this conservation, considerable diversification in pathway composition and regulation is already evident; in skin, e.g., YAP phosphorylation is independent of Mst1Mst2 and Lats1Lats2. Moreover, in lymphoid cells, Mst1/Mst2, under the control of the Rap1 GTPase and independent of YAP, promotes integrin clustering, actin remodeling and motility while restraining the proliferation of naïve T cells. This review will summarize current knowledge of the structure and regulation of the kinases Hippo/Mst1&2, their noncatalytic binding partners, Salvador and the Rassf polypeptides, and their major substrates Warts/Lats1&2, Trc/ndr1&2, Mats/Mob1 and FOXO.
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Fernandes MS, Carneiro F, Oliveira C, Seruca R. Colorectal cancer and RASSF family--a special emphasis on RASSF1A. Int J Cancer 2012; 132:251-8. [PMID: 22733432 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.27696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2012] [Revised: 05/23/2012] [Accepted: 06/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The RAS-association domain family, commonly referred to as RASSF, is a family of 10 members (RASSF1-10) implicated in a variety of key biological processes, including cell cycle regulation, apoptosis and microtubule stability. Furthermore, RASSFs have been implicated in tumorigenesis and several family members are now thought to be tumor suppressors. As opposed to the KRAS oncogene, for which mutational activation is frequent in colorectal cancer (CRC), RASSFs are found to be silenced mainly by aberrant promoter methylation. In particular, RASSF1A, RASSF2 and RASSF5 methylation has been associated with CRC development, though the mechanisms of action remain poorly understood. This review focus on the current knowledge of RASSF inactivation in CRC, particularly RASSF1A, and on the implications RASSFs may have as potential biomarkers and for the development of new targeted therapies for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Sofia Fernandes
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Modulator of Apoptosis 1: A Highly Regulated RASSF1A-Interacting BH3-Like Protein. Mol Biol Int 2012; 2012:536802. [PMID: 22745908 PMCID: PMC3382356 DOI: 10.1155/2012/536802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2012] [Revised: 03/29/2012] [Accepted: 04/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Modulator of apoptosis 1 (MOAP-1) is a BH3-like protein that plays key roles in both the intrinsic and extrinsic modes of cell death or apoptosis. MOAP-1 is part of the Ras association domain family 1A (RASSF1A)/MOAP-1 pro-apoptotic extrinsic signaling pathway that regulates apoptosis by utilizing death receptors such as tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) or TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) to inhibit abnormal growth. RASSF1A is a bona fide tumor suppressor gene that is epigenetically silenced by promoter-specific methylation in numerous human cancers. MOAP-1 is a downstream effector of RASSF1A that promotes Bax activation and cell death and is highly regulated during apoptosis. We speculate that MOAP-1 and RASSF1A are important elements of an “apoptotic checkpoint” that directly influences the outcome of cell death. The failure to regulate this pro-apoptotic pathway may result in the appearance of cancer and possibly other disorders. Although loss of RASSF1A expression is frequently observed in human cancers, it is currently unknown if MOAP-1 expression may also be affected during carcinogenesis to result in uncontrolled malignant growth. In this article, we will summarize what is known about the biological role(s) of MOAP-1 and how it functions as a downstream effector to RASSF1A.
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Gordon M, El-Kalla M, Baksh S. RASSF1 Polymorphisms in Cancer. Mol Biol Int 2012; 2012:365213. [PMID: 22701175 PMCID: PMC3371342 DOI: 10.1155/2012/365213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2012] [Accepted: 03/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Ras association domain family 1A (RASSF1A) is one of the most epigenetically silenced elements in human cancers. Localized on chromosome 3, it has been demonstrated to be a bone fide tumor suppressor influencing cell cycle events, microtubule stability, apoptosis, and autophagy. Although it is epigenetically silenced by promoter-specific methylation in cancers, several somatic nucleotide changes (polymorphisms) have been identified in RASSF1A in tissues from cancer patients. We speculate that both nucleotide changes and epigenetic silencing result in loss of the RASSF1A tumor suppressor function and the appearance of enhanced growth. This paper will summarize what is known about the origin of these polymorphisms and how they have helped us understand the biological role of RASSF1A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilyn Gordon
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 3-055 Katz Group Centre for Pharmacy and Health Research, 113 Street 87 Avenue, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2E1
- Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, 4-081 Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, 11405-87 Avenue, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 1C9
| | - Mohamed El-Kalla
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 3-055 Katz Group Centre for Pharmacy and Health Research, 113 Street 87 Avenue, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2E1
- Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, 4-081 Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, 11405-87 Avenue, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 1C9
| | - Shairaz Baksh
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 3-055 Katz Group Centre for Pharmacy and Health Research, 113 Street 87 Avenue, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2E1
- Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, 4-081 Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, 11405-87 Avenue, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 1C9
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RASSF Signalling and DNA Damage: Monitoring the Integrity of the Genome? Mol Biol Int 2012; 2012:141732. [PMID: 22577550 PMCID: PMC3337673 DOI: 10.1155/2012/141732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2011] [Accepted: 01/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The RASSF family of proteins has been extensively studied in terms of their genetics, structure and function. One of the functions that has been increasingly studied is the role of the RASSF proteins in the DNA damage response. Surprisingly, this research, which encompasses both the classical and N-terminal RASSF proteins, has revealed an involvement of the RASSFs in oncogenic pathways as well as the more familiar tumour suppressor pathways usually associated with the RASSF family members. The most studied protein with respect to DNA damage is RASSF1A, which has been shown, not only to be activated by ATM, a major regulator of the DNA damage response, but also to bind to and activate a number of different pathways which all lead to and feedback from the guardian of the genome, p53. In this review we discuss the latest research linking the RASSF proteins to DNA damage signalling and maintenance of genomic integrity and look at how this knowledge is being utilised in the clinic to enhance the effectiveness of traditional cancer therapies such as radiotherapy.
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