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Weng Q, Wan L, Straker GC, Deegan TD, Duncker BP, Neiman AM, Luk E, Hollingsworth NM. An acidic loop in the FHA domain of the yeast meiosis-specific kinase Mek1 interacts with a specific motif in a subset of Mek1 substrates. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.24.595751. [PMID: 38826409 PMCID: PMC11142242 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.24.595751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
The meiosis-specific kinase Mek1 regulates key steps in meiotic recombination in the budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae . MEK1 limits resection at the double strand break (DSB) ends and is required for preferential strand invasion into homologs, a process known as interhomolog bias. After strand invasion, MEK1 promotes phosphorylation of the synaptonemal complex protein Zip1 that is necessary for DSB repair mediated by a crossover specific pathway that enables chromosome synapsis. In addition, Mek1 phosphorylation of the meiosis-specific transcription factor, Ndt80, regulates the meiotic recombination checkpoint that prevents exit from pachytene when DSBs are present. Mek1 interacts with Ndt80 through a five amino acid sequence, RPSKR, located between the DNA binding and activation domains of Ndt80. AlphaFold Multimer modeling of a fragment of Ndt80 containing the RPSKR motif and full length Mek1 indicated that RPSKR binds to an acidic loop located in the Mek1 FHA domain, a non-canonical interaction with this motif. A second protein, the 5'-3' helicase Rrm3, similarly interacts with Mek1 through an RPAKR motif and is an in vitro substrate of Mek1. Genetic analysis using various mutants in the MEK1 acidic loop validated the AlphaFold model, in that they specifically disrupt two-hybrid interactions with Ndt80 and Rrm3. Phenotypic analyses further showed that the acidic loop mutants are defective in the meiotic recombination checkpoint, and in certain circumstances exhibit more severe phenotypes compared to the NDT80 mutant with the RPSKR sequence deleted, suggesting that additional, as yet unknown, substrates of Mek1 also bind to Mek1 using an RPXKR motif. ARTICLE SUMMARY The FHA domain is conserved module best known for creating protein complexes by binding to phosphorylated threonines on target proteins. This work identified a non-canonical mechanism by which the FHA domain of the yeast meiosis-specific kinase Mek1 interacts with two of its substrates, Ndt80 and Rrm3. An acidic loop within the FHA domain binds to RPXKR motifs in Ndt80 and Rrm3. Genetic evidence suggests that this FHA domain acidic loop is required binding to additional Mek1 substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qixuan Weng
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5215, USA
| | - Lihong Wan
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5215, USA
| | - Geburah C. Straker
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Tom. D. Deegan
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, Sir James Black Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK DD1 5EH, UK
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Bernard P. Duncker
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Aaron M. Neiman
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5215, USA
| | - Ed Luk
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5215, USA
| | - Nancy M. Hollingsworth
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5215, USA
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2
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Thüring EM, Hartmann C, Maddumage JC, Javorsky A, Michels BE, Gerke V, Banks L, Humbert PO, Kvansakul M, Ebnet K. Membrane recruitment of the polarity protein Scribble by the cell adhesion receptor TMIGD1. Commun Biol 2023; 6:702. [PMID: 37430142 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05088-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Scribble (Scrib) is a multidomain polarity protein and member of the leucine-rich repeat and PDZ domain (LAP) protein family. A loss of Scrib expression is associated with disturbed apical-basal polarity and tumor formation. The tumor-suppressive activity of Scrib correlates with its membrane localization. Despite the identification of numerous Scrib-interacting proteins, the mechanisms regulating its membrane recruitment are not fully understood. Here, we identify the cell adhesion receptor TMIGD1 as a membrane anchor of Scrib. TMIGD1 directly interacts with Scrib through a PDZ domain-mediated interaction and recruits Scrib to the lateral membrane domain in epithelial cells. We characterize the association of TMIGD1 with each Scrib PDZ domain and describe the crystal structure of the TMIGD1 C-terminal peptide complexed with PDZ domain 1 of Scrib. Our findings describe a mechanism of Scrib membrane localization and contribute to the understanding of the tumor-suppressive activity of Scrib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva-Maria Thüring
- Institute-associated Research Group "Cell adhesion and cell polarity", Institute of Medical Biochemistry, ZMBE, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Christian Hartmann
- Institute-associated Research Group "Cell adhesion and cell polarity", Institute of Medical Biochemistry, ZMBE, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Janesha C Maddumage
- Department of Biochemistry & Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Airah Javorsky
- Department of Biochemistry & Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Birgitta E Michels
- Institute-associated Research Group "Cell adhesion and cell polarity", Institute of Medical Biochemistry, ZMBE, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Volker Gerke
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry, ZMBE, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Lawrence Banks
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Trieste, Italy
| | - Patrick O Humbert
- Department of Biochemistry & Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Marc Kvansakul
- Department of Biochemistry & Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Klaus Ebnet
- Institute-associated Research Group "Cell adhesion and cell polarity", Institute of Medical Biochemistry, ZMBE, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
- Cells-in-Motion Interfaculty Center, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
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Nunez G, Zhang K, Mogbheli K, Hollingsworth NM, Neiman AM. Recruitment of the lipid kinase Mss4 to the meiotic spindle pole promotes prospore membrane formation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol Biol Cell 2023; 34:ar33. [PMID: 36857169 PMCID: PMC10092644 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e22-11-0515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Spore formation in the budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, involves de novo creation of four prospore membranes, each of which surrounds a haploid nucleus resulting from meiosis. The meiotic outer plaque (MOP) is a meiosis-specific protein complex associated with each meiosis II spindle pole body (SPB). Vesicle fusion on the MOP surface creates an initial prospore membrane anchored to the SPB. Ady4 is a meiosis-specific MOP component that stabilizes the MOP-prospore membrane interaction. We show that Ady4 recruits the lipid kinase, Mss4, to the MOP. MSS4 overexpression suppresses the ady4∆ spore formation defect, suggesting that a specific lipid environment provided by Mss4 promotes maintenance of prospore membrane attachment to MOPs. The meiosis-specific Spo21 protein is an essential structural MOP component. We show that the Spo21 N terminus contains an amphipathic helix that binds to prospore membranes. A mutant in SPO21 that removes positive charges from this helix shares phenotypic similarities to ady4∆. We propose that Mss4 generates negatively charged lipids in prospore membranes that enhance binding by the positively charged N terminus of Spo21, thereby providing a mechanism by which the MOP-prospore membrane interaction is stabilized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greisly Nunez
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5215
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5215
| | - Kaveh Mogbheli
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5215
| | - Nancy M Hollingsworth
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5215
| | - Aaron M Neiman
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5215
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4
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Conti MM, Li R, Narváez Ramos MA, Zhu LJ, Fazzio TG, Benanti JA. Phosphosite Scanning reveals a complex phosphorylation code underlying CDK-dependent activation of Hcm1. Nat Commun 2023; 14:310. [PMID: 36658165 PMCID: PMC9852432 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36035-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Ordered cell cycle progression is coordinated by cyclin dependent kinases (CDKs). CDKs often phosphorylate substrates at multiple sites clustered within disordered regions. However, for most substrates, it is not known which phosphosites are functionally important. We developed a high-throughput approach, Phosphosite Scanning, that tests the importance of each phosphosite within a multisite phosphorylated domain. We show that Phosphosite Scanning identifies multiple combinations of phosphosites that can regulate protein function and reveals specific phosphorylations that are required for phosphorylation at additional sites within a domain. We applied this approach to the yeast transcription factor Hcm1, a conserved regulator of mitotic genes that is critical for accurate chromosome segregation. Phosphosite Scanning revealed a complex CDK-regulatory circuit that mediates Cks1-dependent phosphorylation of key activating sites in vivo. These results illuminate the mechanism of Hcm1 activation by CDK and establish Phosphosite Scanning as a powerful tool for decoding multisite phosphorylated domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle M Conti
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Michelle A Narváez Ramos
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Lihua Julie Zhu
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA.,Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Thomas G Fazzio
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Jennifer A Benanti
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA.
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5
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Hartmann C, Thüring EM, Greune L, Michels BE, Pajonczyk D, Leußink S, Brinkmann F, Glaesner-Ebnet M, Wardelmann E, Zobel T, Schmidt MA, Janssen KP, Gerke V, Ebnet K. Intestinal brush border formation requires a TMIGD1-based intermicrovillar adhesion complex. Sci Signal 2022; 15:eabm2449. [PMID: 36099341 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abm2449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal epithelial cells absorb nutrients through the brush border, composed of dense arrays of highly ordered microvilli at their apical membranes. A protocadherin-based intermicrovillar adhesion complex localized at microvilli tips mediates microvilli packing and organization. Here, we identified a second adhesion complex localized at the proximal base region of microvilli. This complex contained the immunoglobulin superfamily member TMIGD1, which directly interacted with the microvillar scaffolding proteins EBP50 and E3KARP. Complex formation with EBP50 required the activation of EBP50 by the actin-binding protein ezrin and was enhanced by the dephosphorylation of Ser162 in the PDZ2 domain of EBP50 by the phosphatase PP1α. Binding of the EBP50-ezrin complex to TMIGD1 enhanced the dynamic turnover of EBP50 at microvilli. Enterocyte-specific inactivation of Tmigd1 in mice resulted in microvillar blebbing, loss of intermicrovillar adhesion, and perturbed brush border formation. Thus, we identified a second adhesion complex in microvilli and propose a mechanism that promotes microvillar formation and dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Hartmann
- Institute-associated Research Group "Cell adhesion and cell polarity", ZMBE, University of Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany.,Institute of Medical Biochemistry, ZMBE, University of Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Eva-Maria Thüring
- Institute-associated Research Group "Cell adhesion and cell polarity", ZMBE, University of Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany.,Institute of Medical Biochemistry, ZMBE, University of Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Lilo Greune
- Institute of Infectiology, ZMBE, University of Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Birgitta E Michels
- Institute-associated Research Group "Cell adhesion and cell polarity", ZMBE, University of Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany.,Institute of Medical Biochemistry, ZMBE, University of Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Denise Pajonczyk
- Institute-associated Research Group "Cell adhesion and cell polarity", ZMBE, University of Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany.,Institute of Medical Biochemistry, ZMBE, University of Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Sophia Leußink
- Institute-associated Research Group "Cell adhesion and cell polarity", ZMBE, University of Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany.,Institute of Medical Biochemistry, ZMBE, University of Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Frauke Brinkmann
- Institute-associated Research Group "Cell adhesion and cell polarity", ZMBE, University of Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany.,Institute of Medical Biochemistry, ZMBE, University of Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Mark Glaesner-Ebnet
- Institute-associated Research Group "Cell adhesion and cell polarity", ZMBE, University of Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany.,Institute of Medical Biochemistry, ZMBE, University of Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Eva Wardelmann
- Gerhard-Domagk-Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Thomas Zobel
- Imaging Network Microscopy, University of Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - M Alexander Schmidt
- Institute of Infectiology, ZMBE, University of Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | | | - Volker Gerke
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry, ZMBE, University of Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany.,Cells-in-Motion Interfaculty Center (CiMIC), University of Münster, D-48419 Münster, Germany
| | - Klaus Ebnet
- Institute-associated Research Group "Cell adhesion and cell polarity", ZMBE, University of Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany.,Institute of Medical Biochemistry, ZMBE, University of Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany.,Cells-in-Motion Interfaculty Center (CiMIC), University of Münster, D-48419 Münster, Germany.,Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), University of Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
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6
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Wang L, Gui Y, Yang B, Dong W, Xu P, Si F, Yang W, Luo Y, Guo J, Niu D, Jiang C. Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases Associated Sites of Tobacco Repression of Shoot Growth Regulates Its Localization in Plant Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23168941. [PMID: 36012208 PMCID: PMC9409217 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23168941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant defense and growth rely on multiple transcriptional factors (TFs). Repression of shoot growth (RSG) is a TF belonging to a bZIP family in tobacco, known to be involved in plant gibberellin feedback regulation by inducing the expression of key genes. The tobacco calcium-dependent protein kinase CDPK1 was reported to interact with RSG and manipulate its intracellular localization by phosphorylating Ser-114 of RSG previously. Here, we identified tobacco mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 (NtMPK3) as an RSG-interacting protein kinase. Moreover, the mutation of the predicted MAPK-associated phosphorylation site of RSG (Thr-30, Ser-74, and Thr-135) significantly altered the intracellular localization of the NtMPK3-RSG interaction complex. Nuclear transport of RSG and its amino acid mutants (T30A and S74A) were observed after being treated with plant defense elicitor peptide flg22 within 5 min, and the two mutated RSG swiftly re-localized in tobacco cytoplasm within 30 min. In addition, triple-point mutation of RSG (T30A/S74A/T135A) mimics constant unphosphorylated status, and is predominantly localized in tobacco cytoplasm. RSG (T30A/S74A/T135A) showed no re-localization effect under the treatments of flg22, B. cereus AR156, or GA3, and over-expression of this mutant in tobacco resulted in lower expression levels of downstream gene GA20ox1. Our results suggest that MAPK-associated phosphorylation sites of RSG regulate its localization in tobacco, and that constant unphosphorylation of RSG in Thr-30, Ser-74, and Thr-135 keeps RSG predominantly localized in cytoplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyao Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Disease and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Engineering Center of Bioresource Pesticide in Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210095, China
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
- Shenzhen Branch, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
- Correspondence: (C.J.); (L.W.)
| | - Ying Gui
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Disease and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Engineering Center of Bioresource Pesticide in Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Bingye Yang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Disease and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Engineering Center of Bioresource Pesticide in Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wenpan Dong
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Disease and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Engineering Center of Bioresource Pesticide in Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Peiling Xu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Disease and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Engineering Center of Bioresource Pesticide in Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Fangjie Si
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Disease and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Engineering Center of Bioresource Pesticide in Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture and Environmental Protection, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai’an 223300, China
| | - Yuming Luo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture and Environmental Protection, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai’an 223300, China
| | - Jianhua Guo
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Disease and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Engineering Center of Bioresource Pesticide in Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Dongdong Niu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Disease and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Engineering Center of Bioresource Pesticide in Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Chunhao Jiang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Disease and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Engineering Center of Bioresource Pesticide in Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210095, China
- Correspondence: (C.J.); (L.W.)
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7
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Lisi S, Trovato M, Vitaloni O, Fantini M, Chirichella M, Tognini P, Cornuti S, Costa M, Groth M, Cattaneo A. Acetylation-Specific Interference by Anti-Histone H3K9ac Intrabody Results in Precise Modulation of Gene Expression. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23168892. [PMID: 36012156 PMCID: PMC9408029 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23168892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Among Histone post-translational modifications (PTMs), lysine acetylation plays a pivotal role in the epigenetic regulation of gene expression, mediated by chromatin modifying enzymes. Due to their activity in physiology and pathology, several chemical compounds have been developed to inhibit the function of these proteins. However, the pleiotropy of these classes of proteins represents a weakness of epigenetic drugs. Ideally, a new generation of epigenetic drugs should target with molecular precision individual acetylated lysines on the target protein. We exploit a PTM-directed interference, based on an intrabody (scFv-58F) that selectively binds acetylated lysine 9 of histone H3 (H3K9ac), to test the hypothesis that targeting H3K9ac yields more specific effects than inhibiting the corresponding HAT enzyme that installs that PTM. In yeast scFv-58F modulates, gene expression in a more specific way, compared to two well-established HAT inhibitors. This PTM-specific interference modulated expression of genes involved in ribosome biogenesis and function. In mammalian cells, the scFv-58F induces exclusive changes in the H3K9ac-dependent expression of specific genes. These results suggest the H3K9ac-specific intrabody as the founder of a new class of molecules to directly target histone PTMs, inverting the paradigm from inhibiting the writer enzyme to acting on the PTM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simonetta Lisi
- Bio@SNS Laboratory, Scuola Normale Superiore, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Matteo Trovato
- Bio@SNS Laboratory, Scuola Normale Superiore, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Genome Biology Unit, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Marco Fantini
- Bio@SNS Laboratory, Scuola Normale Superiore, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Paola Tognini
- Bio@SNS Laboratory, Scuola Normale Superiore, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Sara Cornuti
- Bio@SNS Laboratory, Scuola Normale Superiore, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Mario Costa
- Institute of Neurosciences, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Groth
- Leibniz Institute on Aging—Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Antonino Cattaneo
- Bio@SNS Laboratory, Scuola Normale Superiore, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-050-509320
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8
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Gavade JN, Puccia CM, Herod SG, Trinidad JC, Berchowitz LE, Lacefield S. Identification of 14-3-3 proteins, Polo kinase, and RNA-binding protein Pes4 as key regulators of meiotic commitment in budding yeast. Curr Biol 2022; 32:1534-1547.e9. [PMID: 35240051 PMCID: PMC9007917 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The initiation of the cell division process of meiosis requires exogenous signals that activate internal gene regulatory networks. Meiotic commitment ensures the irreversible continuation of meiosis, even upon withdrawal of the meiosis-inducing signals. A loss of meiotic commitment can cause highly abnormal polyploid cells and can ultimately lead to germ cell tumors. Despite the importance of meiotic commitment, only a few genes involved in commitment are known. In this study, we have discovered six new regulators of meiotic commitment in budding yeast: the Bcy1 protein involved in nutrient sensing, the meiosis-specific kinase Ime2, Polo kinase Cdc5, RNA-binding protein Pes4, and the 14-3-3 proteins Bmh1 and Bmh2. Decreased levels of these proteins cause a failure to establish or maintain meiotic commitment. Importantly, we found that Bmh1 and Bmh2 are involved in multiple processes throughout meiosis and in meiotic commitment. First, cells depleted of both Bmh1 and Bmh2 trigger the pachytene checkpoint, likely due to a role in DNA double-strand break repair. Second, Bmh1 interacts directly with the middle meiosis transcription factor Ndt80, and both Bmh1 and Bmh2 maintain Ndt80 levels. Third, Bmh1 and Bmh2 bind to Cdc5 and enhance its kinase activity. Finally, Bmh1 binds to Pes4, which regulates the timing of the translation of several mRNAs in meiosis II and is required to maintain meiotic commitment. Our results demonstrate that meiotic commitment is actively maintained throughout meiosis, with the 14-3-3 proteins and Polo kinase serving as key regulators of this developmental program.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chris M Puccia
- Indiana University, Department of Biology, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - S Grace Herod
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Department of Genetics and Development, Hammer Health Sciences Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Luke E Berchowitz
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Department of Genetics and Development, Hammer Health Sciences Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Soni Lacefield
- Indiana University, Department of Biology, Bloomington, IN, USA.
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9
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Reynolds S, Pierce C, Powell B, Kite A, Hall-Ruiz N, Schilling T, Le Pabic P. A show of Hands: Novel and conserved expression patterns of teleost hand paralogs during craniofacial, heart, fin, peripheral nervous system and gut development. Dev Dyn 2021; 250:1796-1809. [PMID: 34091971 PMCID: PMC8639631 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hand genes are required for the development of the vertebrate jaw, heart, peripheral nervous system, limb, gut, placenta, and decidua. Two Hand paralogues, Hand1 and Hand2, are present in most vertebrates, where they mediate different functions yet overlap in expression. In ray-finned fishes, Hand gene expression and function is only known for the zebrafish, which represents the rare condition of having a single Hand gene, hand2. Here we describe the developmental expression of hand1 and hand2 in the cichlid Copadichromis azureus. RESULTS hand1 and hand2 are expressed in the cichlid heart, paired fins, pharyngeal arches, peripheral nervous system, gut, and lateral plate mesoderm with different degrees of overlap. CONCLUSIONS Hand gene expression in the gut, peripheral nervous system, and pharyngeal arches may have already been fixed in the lobe- and ray-finned fish common ancestor. In other embryonic regions, such as paired appendages, hand2 expression was fixed, while hand1 expression diverged in lobe- and ray-finned fish lineages. In the lateral plate mesoderm and arch associated catecholaminergic cells, hand1 and hand2 swapped expression between divergent lineages. Distinct expression of cichlid hand1 and hand2 in the epicardium and myocardium of the developing heart may represent the ancestral pattern for bony fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Reynolds
- Department of Biology and Marine Biology, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, North Carolina
| | - Christian Pierce
- Department of Biology and Marine Biology, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, North Carolina
| | - Benjamin Powell
- Department of Biology and Marine Biology, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, North Carolina
| | - Alexandra Kite
- Department of Biology and Marine Biology, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, North Carolina
| | - Nicholas Hall-Ruiz
- Department of Biology and Marine Biology, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, North Carolina
| | - Thomas Schilling
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Pierre Le Pabic
- Department of Biology and Marine Biology, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, North Carolina
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10
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Homodimeric and Heterodimeric Interactions among Vertebrate Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312855. [PMID: 34884664 PMCID: PMC8657788 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The basic helix–loop–helix transcription factor (bHLH TF) family is involved in tissue development, cell differentiation, and disease. These factors have transcriptionally positive, negative, and inactive functions by combining dimeric interactions among family members. The best known bHLH TFs are the E-protein homodimers and heterodimers with the tissue-specific TFs or ID proteins. These cooperative and dynamic interactions result in a complex transcriptional network that helps define the cell’s fate. Here, the reported dimeric interactions of 67 vertebrate bHLH TFs with other family members are summarized in tables, including specifications of the experimental techniques that defined the dimers. The compilation of these extensive data underscores homodimers of tissue-specific bHLH TFs as a central part of the bHLH regulatory network, with relevant positive and negative transcriptional regulatory roles. Furthermore, some sequence-specific TFs can also form transcriptionally inactive heterodimers with each other. The function, classification, and developmental role for all vertebrate bHLH TFs in four major classes are detailed.
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11
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Zheng M, Erhardt S, Ai D, Wang J. Bmp Signaling Regulates Hand1 in a Dose-Dependent Manner during Heart Development. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189835. [PMID: 34576009 PMCID: PMC8465227 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The bone morphogenetic protein (Bmp) signaling pathway and the basic helix–loop–helix (bHLH) transcription factor Hand1 are known key regulators of cardiac development. In this study, we investigated the Bmp signaling regulation of Hand1 during cardiac outflow tract (OFT) development. In Bmp2 and Bmp4loss-of-function embryos with varying levels of Bmp in the heart, Hand1 is sensitively decreased in response to the dose of Bmp expression. In contrast, Hand1 in the heart is dramatically increased in Bmp4 gain-of-function embryos. We further identified and characterized the Bmp/Smad regulatory elements in Hand1. Combined transfection assays and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) experiments indicated that Hand1 is directly activated and bound by Smads. In addition, we found that upon the treatment of Bmp2 and Bmp4, P19 cells induced Hand1 expression and favored cardiac differentiation. Together, our data indicated that the Bmp signaling pathway directly regulates Hand1 expression in a dose-dependent manner during heart development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjie Zheng
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (M.Z.); (S.E.)
| | - Shannon Erhardt
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (M.Z.); (S.E.)
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Di Ai
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (M.Z.); (S.E.)
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Correspondence:
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12
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Vincentz JW, Firulli BA, Toolan KP, Osterwalder M, Pennacchio LA, Firulli AB. HAND transcription factors cooperatively specify the aorta and pulmonary trunk. Dev Biol 2021; 476:1-10. [PMID: 33757801 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2021.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Congenital heart defects (CHDs) affecting the cardiac outflow tract (OFT) constitute a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. The OFT develops from migratory cell populations which include the cardiac neural crest cells (cNCCs) and secondary heart field (SHF) derived myocardium and endocardium. The related transcription factors HAND1 and HAND2 have been implicated in human CHDs involving the OFT. Although Hand1 is expressed within the OFT, Hand1 NCC-specific conditional knockout mice (H1CKOs) are viable. Here we show that these H1CKOs present a low penetrance of OFT phenotypes, whereas SHF-specific Hand1 ablation does not reveal any cardiac phenotypes. Further, HAND1 and HAND2 appear functionally redundant within the cNCCs, as a reduction/ablation of Hand2 on an NCC-specific H1CKO background causes pronounced OFT defects. Double conditional Hand1 and Hand2 NCC knockouts exhibit persistent truncus arteriosus (PTA) with 100% penetrance. NCC lineage-tracing and Sema3c in situ mRNA expression reveal that Sema3c-expressing cells are mis-localized, resulting in a malformed septal bridge within the OFTs of H1CKO;H2CKO embryos. Interestingly, Hand1 and Hand2 also genetically interact within the SHF, as SHF H1CKOs on a heterozygous Hand2 background exhibit Ventricular Septal Defects (VSDs) with incomplete penetrance. Previously, we identified a BMP, HAND2, and GATA-dependent Hand1 OFT enhancer sufficient to drive reporter gene expression within the nascent OFT and aorta. Using these transcription inputs as a probe, we identify a novel Hand2 OFT enhancer, suggesting that a conserved BMP-GATA dependent mechanism transcriptionally regulates both HAND factors. These findings support the hypothesis that HAND factors interpret BMP signaling within the cNCCs to cooperatively coordinate OFT morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua W Vincentz
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research Department of Pediatrics, Anatomy, Biochemistry, and Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1044 W. Walnut St., Indianapolis, IN, 46202-5225, USA.
| | - Beth A Firulli
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research Department of Pediatrics, Anatomy, Biochemistry, and Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1044 W. Walnut St., Indianapolis, IN, 46202-5225, USA
| | - Kevin P Toolan
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research Department of Pediatrics, Anatomy, Biochemistry, and Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1044 W. Walnut St., Indianapolis, IN, 46202-5225, USA
| | - Marco Osterwalder
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA; Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 35, 3008, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Len A Pennacchio
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA; U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA; Comparative Biochemistry Program, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Anthony B Firulli
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research Department of Pediatrics, Anatomy, Biochemistry, and Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1044 W. Walnut St., Indianapolis, IN, 46202-5225, USA.
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13
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Vincent O, Gutierrez-Nogués A, Trejo-Herrero A, Navas MA. A novel reverse two-hybrid method for the identification of missense mutations that disrupt protein-protein binding. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21043. [PMID: 33273586 PMCID: PMC7713115 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77992-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The reverse two-hybrid system is a powerful method to select mutations that disrupt the interaction between two proteins and therefore to identify the residues involved in this interaction. However, the usefulness of this technique has been limited by its relative complexity when compared to the classical two-hybrid system, since an additional selection step is required to eliminate the high background of uninformative truncation mutants. We have developed a new method that combines the classical and reverse two-hybrid systems to select loss-of-binding missense mutations in a single step. The strategy used to select against truncation mutants is based on the two-hybrid interaction between a C-terminal fusion peptide and the Tsg101 protein. We have applied this method to identify mutations in human glucokinase (GK) that disrupt glucokinase regulatory protein (GKRP) binding. Our results indicate that this method is very efficient and eliminates all the truncation mutants and false positives. The mutated residues identified in GK are involved in the GKRP binding interface or in stabilizing the super-open conformation of GK that binds GKRP. This technique offers an improvement over existing methods in terms of speed, efficiency and simplicity and can be used to study any detectable protein interaction in the two-hybrid system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Vincent
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols CSIC-UAM, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Angel Gutierrez-Nogués
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Adrían Trejo-Herrero
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - María-Angeles Navas
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
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14
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Hand2 Selectively Reorganizes Chromatin Accessibility to Induce Pacemaker-like Transcriptional Reprogramming. Cell Rep 2020; 27:2354-2369.e7. [PMID: 31116981 PMCID: PMC6657359 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.04.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Gata4, Hand2, Mef2c, and Tbx5 (GHMT) can reprogram transduced fibroblasts into induced pacemaker-like myocytes (iPMs), but the underlying mechanisms remain obscure. Here, we explore the role of Hand2 in iPM formation by using a combination of transcriptome, genome, and biochemical as-says. We found many shared transcriptional signatures between iPMs and the endogenous sinoatrial node (SAN), yet key regulatory networks remain missing. We demonstrate that Hand2 augments chromatin accessibility at loci involved in sarcomere organization, electrical coupling, and membrane depolarization. Focusing on an established cardiac Hand2 cistrome, we observe selective reorganization of chromatin accessibility to promote pacemaker-specific gene expression. Moreover, we identify a Hand2 cardiac subtype diversity (CSD) domain through biochemical analysis of the N terminus. By integrating our RNA-seq and ATAC-seq datasets, we highlight desmosome organization as a hallmark feature of iPM formation. Collectively, our results illuminate Hand2-dependent mechanisms that may guide future efforts to rationally improve iPM formation. Gata4, Hand2, Mef2c, and Tbx5 can reprogram fibroblasts into cardiomyocyte-like cells, including induced pacemakers (iPMs). Fernandez-Perez et al. show that Hand2 coordinates this process by influencing chromatin accessibility and gene expression in fibroblasts undergoing iPM lineage conversion. These insights could eventually inform the production of superior replacement cells.
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15
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Li X, Li J, Martinez EC, Froese A, Passariello CL, Henshaw K, Rusconi F, Li Y, Yu Q, Thakur H, Nikolaev VO, Kapiloff MS. Calcineurin Aβ-Specific Anchoring Confers Isoform-Specific Compartmentation and Function in Pathological Cardiac Myocyte Hypertrophy. Circulation 2020; 142:948-962. [PMID: 32611257 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.119.044893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent phosphatase calcineurin is a key regulator of cardiac myocyte hypertrophy in disease. An unexplained paradox is how the β isoform of the calcineurin catalytic A-subunit (CaNAβ) is required for induction of pathological myocyte hypertrophy, despite calcineurin Aα expression in the same cells. It is unclear how the pleiotropic second messenger Ca2+ drives excitation-contraction coupling while not stimulating hypertrophy by calcineurin in the normal heart. Elucidation of the mechanisms conferring this selectivity in calcineurin signaling should reveal new strategies for targeting the phosphatase in disease. METHODS Primary adult rat ventricular myocytes were studied for morphology and intracellular signaling. New Förster resonance energy transfer reporters were used to assay Ca2+ and calcineurin activity in living cells. Conditional gene deletion and adeno-associated virus-mediated gene delivery in the mouse were used to study calcineurin signaling after transverse aortic constriction in vivo. RESULTS CIP4 (Cdc42-interacting protein 4)/TRIP10 (thyroid hormone receptor interactor 10) was identified as a new polyproline domain-dependent scaffold for CaNAβ2 by yeast 2-hybrid screen. Cardiac myocyte-specific CIP4 gene deletion in mice attenuated pressure overload-induced pathological cardiac remodeling and heart failure. Blockade of CaNAβ polyproline-dependent anchoring using a competing peptide inhibited concentric hypertrophy in cultured myocytes; disruption of anchoring in vivo using an adeno-associated virus gene therapy vector inhibited cardiac hypertrophy and improved systolic function after pressure overload. Live cell Förster resonance energy transfer biosensor imaging of cultured myocytes revealed that Ca2+ levels and calcineurin activity associated with the CIP4 compartment were increased by neurohormonal stimulation, but minimally by pacing. Conversely, Ca2+ levels and calcineurin activity detected by nonlocalized Förster resonance energy transfer sensors were induced by pacing and minimally by neurohormonal stimulation, providing functional evidence for differential intracellular compartmentation of Ca2+ and calcineurin signal transduction. CONCLUSIONS These results support a structural model for Ca2+ and CaNAβ compartmentation in cells based on an isoform-specific mechanism for calcineurin protein-protein interaction and localization. This mechanism provides an explanation for the specific role of CaNAβ in hypertrophy and its selective activation under conditions of pathologic stress. Disruption of CaNAβ polyproline-dependent anchoring constitutes a rational strategy for therapeutic targeting of CaNAβ-specific signaling responsible for pathological cardiac remodeling in cardiovascular disease deserving of further preclinical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Li
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL (X.L., J.L., E.C.M., C.L.P., K.H., F.R., H.T., M.S.K.)
| | - Jinliang Li
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL (X.L., J.L., E.C.M., C.L.P., K.H., F.R., H.T., M.S.K.).,Departments of Ophthalmology and Medicine, Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA (J.L., Y.L., Q.Y., H.T., M.S.K.)
| | - Eliana C Martinez
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL (X.L., J.L., E.C.M., C.L.P., K.H., F.R., H.T., M.S.K.)
| | - Alexander Froese
- Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (A.F., V.O.N.)
| | - Catherine L Passariello
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL (X.L., J.L., E.C.M., C.L.P., K.H., F.R., H.T., M.S.K.)
| | - Kathryn Henshaw
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL (X.L., J.L., E.C.M., C.L.P., K.H., F.R., H.T., M.S.K.)
| | - Francesca Rusconi
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL (X.L., J.L., E.C.M., C.L.P., K.H., F.R., H.T., M.S.K.)
| | - Yang Li
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Medicine, Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA (J.L., Y.L., Q.Y., H.T., M.S.K.)
| | - Qian Yu
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Medicine, Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA (J.L., Y.L., Q.Y., H.T., M.S.K.)
| | - Hrishikesh Thakur
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL (X.L., J.L., E.C.M., C.L.P., K.H., F.R., H.T., M.S.K.).,Departments of Ophthalmology and Medicine, Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA (J.L., Y.L., Q.Y., H.T., M.S.K.)
| | - Viacheslav O Nikolaev
- Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (A.F., V.O.N.)
| | - Michael S Kapiloff
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL (X.L., J.L., E.C.M., C.L.P., K.H., F.R., H.T., M.S.K.).,Departments of Ophthalmology and Medicine, Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA (J.L., Y.L., Q.Y., H.T., M.S.K.)
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16
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Identifying Cattle Breed-Specific Partner Choice of Transcription Factors during the African Trypanosomiasis Disease Progression Using Bioinformatics Analysis. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8020246. [PMID: 32456126 PMCID: PMC7350023 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8020246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
African Animal Trypanosomiasis (AAT) is a disease caused by pathogenic trypanosomes which affects millions of livestock every year causing huge economic losses in agricultural production especially in sub-Saharan Africa. The disease is spread by the tsetse fly which carries the parasite in its saliva. During the disease progression, the cattle are prominently subjected to anaemia, weight loss, intermittent fever, chills, neuronal degeneration, congestive heart failure, and finally death. According to their different genetic programs governing the level of tolerance to AAT, cattle breeds are classified as either resistant or susceptible. In this study, we focus on the cattle breeds N’Dama and Boran which are known to be resistant and susceptible to trypanosomiasis, respectively. Despite the rich literature on both breeds, the gene regulatory mechanisms of the underlying biological processes for their resistance and susceptibility have not been extensively studied. To address the limited knowledge about the tissue-specific transcription factor (TF) cooperations associated with trypanosomiasis, we investigated gene expression data from these cattle breeds computationally. Consequently, we identified significant cooperative TF pairs (especially DBP−PPARA and DBP−THAP1 in N’Dama and DBP−PAX8 in Boran liver tissue) which could help understand the underlying AAT tolerance/susceptibility mechanism in both cattle breeds.
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17
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Hartmann C, Schwietzer YA, Kummer D, Kirschnick N, Hoppe E, Thüring EM, Glaesner-Ebnet M, Brinkmann F, Gerke V, Reuter S, Nakayama M, Ebnet K. The mitochondrial outer membrane protein SYNJ2BP interacts with the cell adhesion molecule TMIGD1 and can recruit it to mitochondria. BMC Mol Cell Biol 2020; 21:30. [PMID: 32303178 PMCID: PMC7164261 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-020-00274-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transmembrane and immunoglobulin domain-containing protein 1 (TMIGD1) is a recently identified cell adhesion molecule which is predominantly expressed by epithelial cells of the intestine and the kidney. Its expression is downregulated in both colon and renal cancer suggesting a tumor suppressive activity. The function of TMIGD1 at the cellular level is largely unclear. Published work suggests a protective role of TMIGD1 during oxidative stress in kidney epithelial cells, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are unknown. RESULTS In this study, we address the subcellular localization of TMIGD1 in renal epithelial cells and identify a cytoplasmic scaffold protein as interaction partner of TMIGD1. We find that TMIGD1 localizes to different compartments in renal epithelial cells and that this localization is regulated by cell confluency. Whereas it localizes to mitochondria in subconfluent cells it is localized at cell-cell contacts in confluent cells. We find that cell-cell contact localization is regulated by N-glycosylation and that both the extracellular and the cytoplasmic domain contribute to this localization. We identify Synaptojanin 2-binding protein (SYNJ2BP), a PDZ domain-containing cytoplasmic protein, which localizes to both mitochondria and the plasma membrane, as interaction partner of TMIGD1. The interaction of TMIGD1 and SYNJ2BP is mediated by the PDZ domain of SYNJ2BP and the C-terminal PDZ domain-binding motif of TMIGD1. We also find that SYNJ2BP can actively recruit TMIGD1 to mitochondria providing a potential mechanism for the localization of TMIGD1 at mitochondria. CONCLUSIONS This study describes TMIGD1 as an adhesion receptor that can localize to both mitochondria and cell-cell junctions in renal epithelial cells. It identifies SYNJ2BP as an interaction partner of TMIGD1 providing a potential mechanism underlying the localization of TMIGD1 at mitochondria. The study thus lays the basis for a better understanding of the molecular function of TMIGD1 during oxidative stress regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Hartmann
- Institute-Associated Research Group "Cell adhesion and cell polarity", University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, 48149, Münster, Germany.,Institute of Medical Biochemistry, ZMBE, University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Ysabel Alessa Schwietzer
- Institute-Associated Research Group "Cell adhesion and cell polarity", University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, 48149, Münster, Germany.,Institute of Medical Biochemistry, ZMBE, University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Daniel Kummer
- Institute-Associated Research Group "Cell adhesion and cell polarity", University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, 48149, Münster, Germany.,Institute of Medical Biochemistry, ZMBE, University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, 48149, Münster, Germany.,Interdisciplinary Clinical Research Center (IZKF), University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Nils Kirschnick
- Institute-Associated Research Group "Cell adhesion and cell polarity", University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, 48149, Münster, Germany.,Institute of Medical Biochemistry, ZMBE, University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Esther Hoppe
- Institute-Associated Research Group "Cell adhesion and cell polarity", University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, 48149, Münster, Germany.,Institute of Medical Biochemistry, ZMBE, University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Eva-Maria Thüring
- Institute-Associated Research Group "Cell adhesion and cell polarity", University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, 48149, Münster, Germany.,Institute of Medical Biochemistry, ZMBE, University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Mark Glaesner-Ebnet
- Institute-Associated Research Group "Cell adhesion and cell polarity", University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, 48149, Münster, Germany.,Institute of Medical Biochemistry, ZMBE, University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Frauke Brinkmann
- Institute-Associated Research Group "Cell adhesion and cell polarity", University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, 48149, Münster, Germany.,Institute of Medical Biochemistry, ZMBE, University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Volker Gerke
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry, ZMBE, University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Stefan Reuter
- Department of Medicine D, Division of General Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Rheumatology, University Hospital of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Masanori Nakayama
- Laboratory for Cell Polarity and Organogenesis, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Klaus Ebnet
- Institute-Associated Research Group "Cell adhesion and cell polarity", University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, 48149, Münster, Germany. .,Institute of Medical Biochemistry, ZMBE, University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, 48149, Münster, Germany. .,Interdisciplinary Clinical Research Center (IZKF), University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, 48149, Münster, Germany. .,Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003 - CiM), University of Münster, 48419, Münster, Germany.
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Solorzano-Vargas RS, Bjerknes M, Wang J, Wu SV, Garcia-Careaga MG, Pitukcheewanont P, Cheng H, German MS, Georgia S, Martín MG. Null mutations of NEUROG3 are associated with delayed-onset diabetes mellitus. JCI Insight 2020; 5:127657. [PMID: 31805014 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.127657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Biallelic mutations of the gene encoding the transcription factor NEUROG3 are associated with a rare disorder that presents in neonates as generalized malabsorption - due to a complete absence of enteroendocrine cells - followed, in early childhood or beyond, by insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). The commonly delayed onset of IDDM suggests a differential requirement for NEUROG3 in endocrine cell generation in the human pancreas versus the intestine. However, previously identified human mutations were hypomorphic and, hence, may have had residual function in pancreas. We report 2 patients with biallelic functionally null variants of the NEUROG3 gene who nonetheless did not present with IDDM during infancy but instead developed permanent IDDM during middle childhood ages. The variants showed no evidence of function in traditional promoter-based assays of NEUROG3 function and also failed to exhibit function in a variety of potentially novel in vitro and in vivo molecular assays designed to discern residual NEUROG3 function. These findings imply that, unlike in mice, pancreatic endocrine cell generation in humans is not entirely dependent on NEUROG3 expression and, hence, suggest the presence of unidentified redundant in vivo pathways in human pancreas capable of yielding β cell mass sufficient to maintain euglycemia until early childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Sergio Solorzano-Vargas
- Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Mattel Children's Hospital and David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Matthew Bjerknes
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jiafang Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Mattel Children's Hospital and David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - S Vincent Wu
- Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | - Pisit Pitukcheewanont
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles and University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Hazel Cheng
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael S German
- Diabetes Center and.,Department of Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Senta Georgia
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles and University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Martín G Martín
- Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Mattel Children's Hospital and David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Los Angeles, California, USA
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19
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Liu Y, Huang C, Zeng J, Yu H, Li Y, Yuan C. Identification of two additional plasmodesmata localization domains in the tobacco mosaic virus cell-to-cell-movement protein. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 521:145-151. [PMID: 31629470 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.10.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Despite decades of intensive studies, the failure to identify plasmodesmata (PD) localization sequences has constrained our understanding of Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) movement. Recently, we identified the first PD localization signal (major PLS) in the TMV movement protein (MP), which encompasses the first 50 amino acid residues of the MP. Although the major PLS is sufficient for PD targeting, the efficiency is lower than the full-length TMV MP. To address this efficiency gap, we identified two additional PLS domains encompassing amino acid residues 61 to 80, and 147 to 170 of the MP and showed that these two domains target to PD, but do not transit to adjacent cells. We also demonstrated that the MP61-80 fragment interacts with Arabidopsis synaptotagmin A, which was also shown to interact with the major TMV MP PLS. Therefore, our findings have provided new insights to more fully understand the mechanism underlying plasmodesmal targeting of TMV MP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biotechnological Breeding, National Tobacco Genetic Engineering Research Center, Tobacco Breeding and Biotechnology Research Center, Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Science, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China
| | - Changjun Huang
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biotechnological Breeding, National Tobacco Genetic Engineering Research Center, Tobacco Breeding and Biotechnology Research Center, Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Science, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China
| | - Jianmin Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biotechnological Breeding, National Tobacco Genetic Engineering Research Center, Tobacco Breeding and Biotechnology Research Center, Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Science, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China
| | - Haiqin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biotechnological Breeding, National Tobacco Genetic Engineering Research Center, Tobacco Breeding and Biotechnology Research Center, Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Science, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China
| | - Yongping Li
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biotechnological Breeding, National Tobacco Genetic Engineering Research Center, Tobacco Breeding and Biotechnology Research Center, Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Science, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China
| | - Cheng Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biotechnological Breeding, National Tobacco Genetic Engineering Research Center, Tobacco Breeding and Biotechnology Research Center, Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Science, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China.
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20
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Vincentz JW, Firulli BA, Toolan KP, Arking DE, Sotoodehnia N, Wan J, Chen PS, de Gier-de Vries C, Christoffels VM, Rubart-von der Lohe M, Firulli AB. Variation in a Left Ventricle-Specific Hand1 Enhancer Impairs GATA Transcription Factor Binding and Disrupts Conduction System Development and Function. Circ Res 2019; 125:575-589. [PMID: 31366290 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.119.315313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE The ventricular conduction system (VCS) rapidly propagates electrical impulses through the working myocardium of the ventricles to coordinate chamber contraction. GWAS (Genome-wide association studies) have associated nucleotide polymorphisms, most are located within regulatory intergenic or intronic sequences, with variation in VCS function. Two highly correlated polymorphisms (r2>0.99) associated with VCS functional variation (rs13165478 and rs13185595) occur 5' to the gene encoding the basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor HAND1 (heart- and neural crest derivatives-expressed protein 1). OBJECTIVE Here, we test the hypothesis that these polymorphisms influence HAND1 transcription thereby influencing VCS development and function. METHODS AND RESULTS We employed transgenic mouse models to identify an enhancer that is sufficient for left ventricle (LV) cis-regulatory activity. Two evolutionarily conserved GATA transcription factor cis-binding elements within this enhancer are bound by GATA4 and are necessary for cis-regulatory activity, as shown by in vitro DNA binding assays. CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)/Cas9-mediated deletion of this enhancer dramatically reduces Hand1 expression solely within the LV but does not phenocopy previously published mouse models of cardiac Hand1 loss-of-function. Electrophysiological and morphological analyses reveals that mice homozygous for this deleted enhancer display a morphologically abnormal VCS and a conduction system phenotype consistent with right bundle branch block. Using 1000 Genomes Project data, we identify 3 additional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), located within the Hand1 LV enhancer, that compose a haplotype with rs13165478 and rs13185595. One of these SNPs, rs10054375, overlaps with a critical GATA cis-regulatory element within the Hand1 LV enhancer. This SNP, when tested in electrophoretic mobility shift assays, disrupts GATA4 DNA-binding. Modeling 2 of these SNPs in mice causes diminished Hand1 expression and mice present with abnormal VCS function. CONCLUSIONS Together, these findings reveal that SNP rs10054375, which is located within a necessary and sufficient LV-specific Hand1 enhancer, exhibits reduces GATA DNA-binding in electrophoretic mobility shift assay, and this enhancer in total, is required for VCS development and function in mice and perhaps humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua W Vincentz
- From the Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Departments of Pediatrics, Anatomy and Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana Medical School, Indianapolis (J.W.V., B.A.F., K.P.T., M.R.L., A.B.F.)
| | - Beth A Firulli
- From the Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Departments of Pediatrics, Anatomy and Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana Medical School, Indianapolis (J.W.V., B.A.F., K.P.T., M.R.L., A.B.F.)
| | - Kevin P Toolan
- From the Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Departments of Pediatrics, Anatomy and Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana Medical School, Indianapolis (J.W.V., B.A.F., K.P.T., M.R.L., A.B.F.)
| | - Dan E Arking
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (D.E.A.)
| | - Nona Sotoodehnia
- Department of Epidemiology, Division of Cardiology, University of Washington, Seattle (N.S.)
| | - Juyi Wan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Krannert Institute of Cardiology, Indianapolis (J.W., P.-S.C.).,Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, China (J.W.)
| | - Peng-Sheng Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Krannert Institute of Cardiology, Indianapolis (J.W., P.-S.C.)
| | - Corrie de Gier-de Vries
- Department of Medical Biology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands (C.d.G.V., V.M.C.)
| | - Vincent M Christoffels
- Department of Medical Biology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands (C.d.G.V., V.M.C.)
| | - Michael Rubart-von der Lohe
- From the Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Departments of Pediatrics, Anatomy and Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana Medical School, Indianapolis (J.W.V., B.A.F., K.P.T., M.R.L., A.B.F.)
| | - Anthony B Firulli
- From the Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Departments of Pediatrics, Anatomy and Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana Medical School, Indianapolis (J.W.V., B.A.F., K.P.T., M.R.L., A.B.F.)
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21
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Chen X, Gaglione R, Leong T, Bednor L, de los Santos T, Luk E, Airola M, Hollingsworth NM. Mek1 coordinates meiotic progression with DNA break repair by directly phosphorylating and inhibiting the yeast pachytene exit regulator Ndt80. PLoS Genet 2018; 14:e1007832. [PMID: 30496175 PMCID: PMC6289461 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Meiotic recombination plays a critical role in sexual reproduction by creating crossovers between homologous chromosomes. These crossovers, along with sister chromatid cohesion, connect homologs to enable proper segregation at Meiosis I. Recombination is initiated by programmed double strand breaks (DSBs) at particular regions of the genome. The meiotic recombination checkpoint uses meiosis-specific modifications to the DSB-induced DNA damage response to provide time to convert these breaks into interhomolog crossovers by delaying entry into Meiosis I until the DSBs have been repaired. The meiosis-specific kinase, Mek1, is a key regulator of meiotic recombination pathway choice, as well as being required for the meiotic recombination checkpoint. The major target of this checkpoint is the meiosis-specific transcription factor, Ndt80, which is essential to express genes necessary for completion of recombination and meiotic progression. The molecular mechanism by which cells monitor meiotic DSB repair to allow entry into Meiosis I with unbroken chromosomes was unknown. Using genetic and biochemical approaches, this work demonstrates that in the presence of DSBs, activated Mek1 binds to Ndt80 and phosphorylates the transcription factor, thus inhibiting DNA binding and preventing Ndt80's function as a transcriptional activator. Repair of DSBs by recombination reduces Mek1 activity, resulting in removal of the inhibitory Mek1 phosphates. Phosphorylation of Ndt80 by the meiosis-specific kinase, Ime2, then results in fully activated Ndt80. Ndt80 upregulates transcription of its own gene, as well as target genes, resulting in prophase exit and progression through meiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Robert Gaglione
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Trevor Leong
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Lauren Bednor
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Teresa de los Santos
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Ed Luk
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Michael Airola
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Nancy M. Hollingsworth
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
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22
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IFN-γ-response mediator GBP-1 represses human cell proliferation by inhibiting the Hippo signaling transcription factor TEAD. Biochem J 2018; 475:2955-2967. [PMID: 30120107 PMCID: PMC6156764 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20180123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) is a pleiotropic cytokine that exerts important functions in inflammation, infectious diseases, and cancer. The large GTPase human guanylate-binding protein 1 (GBP-1) is among the most strongly IFN-γ-induced cellular proteins. Previously, it has been shown that GBP-1 mediates manifold cellular responses to IFN-γ including the inhibition of proliferation, spreading, migration, and invasion and through this exerts anti-tumorigenic activity. However, the mechanisms of GBP-1 anti-tumorigenic activities remain poorly understood. Here, we elucidated the molecular mechanism of the human GBP-1-mediated suppression of proliferation by demonstrating for the first time a cross-talk between the anti-tumorigenic IFN-γ and Hippo pathways. The α9-helix of GBP-1 was found to be sufficient to inhibit proliferation. Protein-binding and molecular modeling studies revealed that the α9-helix binds to the DNA-binding domain of the Hippo signaling transcription factor TEA domain protein (TEAD) mediated by the 376VDHLFQK382 sequence at the N-terminus of the GBP-1-α9-helix. Mutation of this sequence resulted in abrogation of both TEAD interaction and suppression of proliferation. Further on, the interaction caused inhibition of TEAD transcriptional activity associated with the down-regulation of TEAD-target genes. In agreement with these results, IFN-γ treatment of the cells also impaired TEAD activity, and this effect was abrogated by siRNA-mediated inhibition of GBP-1 expression. Altogether, this demonstrated that the α9-helix is the proliferation inhibitory domain of GBP-1, which acts independent of the GTPase activity through the inhibition of the Hippo transcription factor TEAD in mediating the anti-proliferative cell response to IFN-γ.
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23
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Abstract
Plant viruses cross the barrier of the plant cell wall by moving through intercellular channels, termed plasmodesmata, to invade their hosts. They accomplish this by encoding movement proteins (MPs), which act to alter plasmodesmal gating. How MPs target to plasmodesmata is not well understood. Our recent characterization of the first plasmodesmal localization signal (PLS) identified in a viral MP, namely, the MP encoded by the Tobamovirus Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), now provides the opportunity to identify host proteins that recognize this PLS and may be important for its plasmodesmal targeting. One such candidate protein is Arabidopsis synaptotagmin A (SYTA), which is required to form endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-plasma membrane contact sites and regulates the MP-mediated trafficking of begomoviruses, tobamoviruses, and potyviruses. In particular, SYTA interacts with, and regulates the cell-to-cell transport of, both TMV MP and the MP encoded by the Tobamovirus Turnip vein clearing virus (TVCV). Using in planta bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) and yeast two-hybrid assays, we show here that the TMV PLS interacted with SYTA. This PLS sequence was both necessary and sufficient for interaction with SYTA, and the plasmodesmal targeting activity of the TMV PLS was substantially reduced in an Arabidopsis syta knockdown line. Our findings show that SYTA is one host factor that can recognize the TMV PLS and suggest that this interaction may stabilize the association of TMV MP with plasmodesmata.IMPORTANCE Plant viruses use their movement proteins (MPs) to move through host intercellular connections, plasmodesmata. Perhaps one of the most intriguing, yet least studied, aspects of this transport is the MP signal sequences and their host recognition factors. Recently, we have described the plasmodesmal localization signal (PLS) of the Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) MP. Here, we identified the Arabidopsis synaptotagmin A (SYTA) as a host factor that recognizes TMV MP PLS and promotes its association with the plasmodesmal membrane. The significance of these findings is two-fold: (i) we identified the TMV MP association with the cell membrane at plasmodesmata as an important PLS-dependent step in plasmodesmal targeting, and (ii) we identified the plant SYTA protein that specifically recognizes PLS as a host factor involved in this step.
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Wang L, Lacroix B, Guo J, Citovsky V. The Agrobacterium VirE2 effector interacts with multiple members of the Arabidopsis VIP1 protein family. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2018; 19:1172-1183. [PMID: 28802023 PMCID: PMC5809326 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
T-DNA transfer from Agrobacterium to its host plant genome relies on multiple interactions between plant proteins and bacterial effectors. One such plant protein is the Arabidopsis VirE2 interacting protein (AtVIP1), a transcription factor that binds Agrobacterium tumefaciens C58 VirE2, potentially acting as an adaptor between VirE2 and several other host factors. It remains unknown, however, whether the same VirE2 protein has evolved to interact with multiple VIP1 homologues in the same host, and whether VirE2 homologues encoded by different bacterial strains/species recognize AtVIP1 or its homologues. Here, we addressed these questions by systematic analysis (using the yeast two-hybrid and co-immunoprecipitation approaches) of interactions between VirE2 proteins encoded by four major representatives of known bacterial species/strains with functional T-DNA transfer machineries and eight VIP1 homologues from Arabidopsis and tobacco. We also analysed the determinants of the VirE2 sequence involved in these interactions. These experiments showed that the VirE2 interaction is degenerate: the same VirE2 protein has evolved to interact with multiple VIP1 homologues in the same host, and different and mutually independent VirE2 domains are involved in interactions with different VIP1 homologues. Furthermore, the VIP1 functionality related to the interaction with VirE2 is independent of its function as a transcriptional regulator. These observations suggest that the ability of VirE2 to interact with VIP1 homologues is deeply ingrained into the process of Agrobacterium infection. Indeed, mutations that abolished VirE2 interaction with AtVIP1 produced no statistically significant effects on interactions with VIP1 homologues or on the efficiency of genetic transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyao Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyState University of New YorkStony BrookNY 11794‐5215USA
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant ProtectionNanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Management of Crop Diseases and Pest Insects, Ministry of Agriculture, Engineering Center of Bioresource Pesticide in Jiangsu ProvinceNanjingJiangsu Province 210095China
| | - Benoît Lacroix
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyState University of New YorkStony BrookNY 11794‐5215USA
| | - Jianhua Guo
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant ProtectionNanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Management of Crop Diseases and Pest Insects, Ministry of Agriculture, Engineering Center of Bioresource Pesticide in Jiangsu ProvinceNanjingJiangsu Province 210095China
| | - Vitaly Citovsky
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyState University of New YorkStony BrookNY 11794‐5215USA
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25
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García-Cano E, Hak H, Magori S, Lazarowitz SG, Citovsky V. The Agrobacterium F-Box Protein Effector VirF Destabilizes the Arabidopsis GLABROUS1 Enhancer/Binding Protein-Like Transcription Factor VFP4, a Transcriptional Activator of Defense Response Genes. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2018; 31:576-586. [PMID: 29264953 PMCID: PMC5953515 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-07-17-0188-fi] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation not only represents a technology of choice to genetically manipulate plants, but it also serves as a model system to study mechanisms employed by invading pathogens to counter the myriad defenses mounted against them by the host cell. Here, we uncover a new layer of plant defenses that is targeted by A. tumefaciens to facilitate infection. We show that the Agrobacterium F-box effector VirF, which is exported into the host cell, recognizes an Arabidopsis transcription factor VFP4 and targets it for proteasomal degradation. We hypothesize that VFP4 resists Agrobacterium infection and that the bacterium utilizes its VirF effector to degrade VFP4 and thereby mitigate the VFP4-based defense. Indeed, loss-of-function mutations in VFP4 resulted in differential expression of numerous biotic stress-response genes, suggesting that one of the functions of VFP4 is to control a spectrum of plant defenses, including those against Agrobacterium tumefaciens. We identified one such gene, ATL31, known to mediate resistance to bacterial pathogens. ATL31 was transcriptionally repressed in VFP4 loss-of-function plants and activated in VFP4 gain-of-function plants. Gain-of-function lines of VFP4 and ATL31 exhibited recalcitrance to Agrobacterium tumorigenicity, suggesting that A. tumefaciens may utilize the host ubiquitin/proteasome system to destabilize transcriptional regulators of the host disease response machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena García-Cano
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, State University of New York, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5215, USA
| | - Hagit Hak
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, State University of New York, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5215, USA
- Corresponding author: Hagit Hak;
| | - Shimpei Magori
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, State University of New York, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5215, USA
| | - Sondra G. Lazarowitz
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, State University of New York, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5215, USA
- Department of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Vitaly Citovsky
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, State University of New York, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5215, USA
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Zhou Y, Huang C, Yin L, Wan M, Wang X, Li L, Liu Y, Wang Z, Fu P, Zhang N, Chen S, Liu X, Shao F, Zhu Y. N ε-Fatty acylation of Rho GTPases by a MARTX toxin effector. Science 2018; 358:528-531. [PMID: 29074776 DOI: 10.1126/science.aam8659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The multifunctional autoprocessing repeats-in-toxin (MARTX) toxins are a family of large toxins that are extensively distributed in bacterial pathogens. MARTX toxins are autocatalytically cleaved to multiple effector domains, which are released into host cells to modulate the host signaling pathways. The Rho guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase) inactivation domain (RID), a conserved effector domain of MARTX toxins, is implicated in cell rounding by disrupting the host actin cytoskeleton. We found that the RID is an Nε-fatty acyltransferase that covalently modifies the lysine residues in the C-terminal polybasic region of Rho GTPases. The resulting fatty acylation inhibited Rho GTPases and disrupted Rho GTPase-mediated signaling in the host. Thus, RID can mediate the lysine Nε-fatty acylation of mammalian proteins and represents a family of toxins that harbor N-fatty acyltransferase activities in bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhou
- Life Sciences Institute and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Chunfeng Huang
- Life Sciences Institute and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Li Yin
- Life Sciences Institute and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Muyang Wan
- Life Sciences Institute and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Xiaofei Wang
- Life Sciences Institute and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Lin Li
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yanhua Liu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhao Wang
- Life Sciences Institute and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Panhan Fu
- Life Sciences Institute and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Ni Zhang
- Life Sciences Institute and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - She Chen
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Xiaoyun Liu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Feng Shao
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yongqun Zhu
- Life Sciences Institute and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.
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27
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Losa M, Latorre V, Andrabi M, Ladam F, Sagerström C, Novoa A, Zarrineh P, Bridoux L, Hanley NA, Mallo M, Bobola N. A tissue-specific, Gata6-driven transcriptional program instructs remodeling of the mature arterial tree. eLife 2017; 6:31362. [PMID: 28952437 PMCID: PMC5630260 DOI: 10.7554/elife.31362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Connection of the heart to the systemic circulation is a critical developmental event that requires selective preservation of embryonic vessels (aortic arches). However, why some aortic arches regress while others are incorporated into the mature aortic tree remains unclear. By microdissection and deep sequencing in mouse, we find that neural crest (NC) only differentiates into vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) around those aortic arches destined for survival and reorganization, and identify the transcription factor Gata6 as a crucial regulator of this process. Gata6 is expressed in SMCs and its target genes activation control SMC differentiation. Furthermore, Gata6 is sufficient to promote SMCs differentiation in vivo, and drive preservation of aortic arches that ought to regress. These findings identify Gata6-directed differentiation of NC to SMCs as an essential mechanism that specifies the aortic tree, and provide a new framework for how mutations in GATA6 lead to congenital heart disorders in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Losa
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Victor Latorre
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Munazah Andrabi
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Franck Ladam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, United States
| | - Charles Sagerström
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, United States
| | - Ana Novoa
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Peyman Zarrineh
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Laure Bridoux
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Neil A Hanley
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Endocrinology Department, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Moises Mallo
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Nicoletta Bobola
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Drakouli S, Lyberopoulou A, Papathanassiou M, Mylonis I, Georgatsou E. Enhancer of rudimentary homologue interacts with scaffold attachment factor B at the nuclear matrix to regulate SR protein phosphorylation. FEBS J 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.14141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sotiria Drakouli
- Laboratory of Biochemistry; Faculty of Medicine; University of Thessaly; Volos Greece
| | - Aggeliki Lyberopoulou
- Laboratory of Biochemistry; Faculty of Medicine; University of Thessaly; Volos Greece
- Laboratory of Internal Medicine; Faculty of Medicine; University of Thessaly; Volos Greece
| | - Maria Papathanassiou
- Laboratory of Biochemistry; Faculty of Medicine; University of Thessaly; Volos Greece
- Department of Pathology; Faculty of Medicine; University of Thessaly; Volos Greece
| | - Ilias Mylonis
- Laboratory of Biochemistry; Faculty of Medicine; University of Thessaly; Volos Greece
| | - Eleni Georgatsou
- Laboratory of Biochemistry; Faculty of Medicine; University of Thessaly; Volos Greece
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Adaptor proteins GIR1 and GIR2. I. Interaction with the repressor GLABRA2 and regulation of root hair development. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 488:547-553. [PMID: 28526410 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.05.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Plants use specialized root outgrowths, termed root hairs, to enhance acquisition of nutrients and water, help secure anchorage, and facilitate interactions with soil microbiome. One of the major regulators of this process is GLABRA2 (GL2), a transcriptional repressor of root hair differentiation. However, regulation of the GL2-function is relatively well characterized, it remains completely unknown whether GL2 itself functions in complex with other transcriptional regulators. We identified GIR1 and GIR2, a plant-specific two-member family of closely related proteins that interact with GL2. Loss-of-function mutants of GIR1 and GIR2 enhanced development of root hair whereas gain-of-function mutants repressed it. Thus, GIR1 and GIR2 might function as adaptor proteins that associate with GL2 and participate in control of root hair formation.
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Teo CJ, Takahashi K, Shimizu K, Shimamoto K, Taoka KI. Potato Tuber Induction is Regulated by Interactions Between Components of a Tuberigen Complex. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 58:365-374. [PMID: 28028166 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcw197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Photoperiod-regulated flowering and potato tuber formation involve leaf-produced mobile signals, florigen and tuberigen, respectively. The major protein component of florigen has been identified as the FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) protein. In rice, an FT-like protein, Heading date 3a (Hd3a), induces flowering by making the florigen activation complex (FAC) through interactions with 14-3-3 and OsFD1, a rice FD-like protein. In potato, StSP6A, an FT-like protein, was identified as a major component of tuberigen. However, the molecular mechanism of how StSP6A triggers tuber formation remains elusive. Here we analyzed the significance of the formation of a complex including StSP6A, 14-3-3 and FD-like proteins in tuberization. Yeast two-hybrid, bimolecular fluorescence complementation and in vitro pull-down assays showed that StSP6A and StFDL1, a potato FD-like protein, interact with St14-3-3s. StSP6A overexpression induced early tuberization in a 14-3-3-dependent manner, and suppression of StFDL1 delayed tuberization. These results strongly suggest that an FAC-like complex, the tuberigen activation complex (TAC), comprised of StSP6A, St14-3-3s and StFDL1, regulates potato tuber formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Jit Teo
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Takayama, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Kenta Takahashi
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Takayama, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Kanae Shimizu
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Takayama, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Ko Shimamoto
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Takayama, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichiro Taoka
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Takayama, Ikoma, Japan
- Laboratory of Plant Genetic Resources, Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, Maioka, Totsuka, Yokohama, Japan
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31
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Shigella flexneri suppresses NF-κB activation by inhibiting linear ubiquitin chain ligation. Nat Microbiol 2016; 1:16084. [PMID: 27572974 PMCID: PMC5010086 DOI: 10.1038/nmicrobiol.2016.84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex (LUBAC) is a multimeric E3 ligase that catalyses M1 or linear ubiquitination of activated immune receptor signalling complexes (RSCs). Mutations that disrupt linear ubiquitin assembly lead to complex disease pathologies including immunodeficiency and autoinflammation in both humans and mice, but microbial toxins that target LUBAC function have not yet been discovered. Here, we report the identification of two homologous Shigella flexneri type III secretion system effector E3 ligases IpaH1.4 and IpaH2.5, which directly interact with LUBAC subunit Heme-oxidized IRP2 ubiquitin ligase-1 (HOIL-1L) and conjugate K48-linked ubiquitin chains to the catalytic RING-between-RING domain of HOIL-1-interacting protein (HOIP). Proteasomal degradation of HOIP leads to irreversible inactivation of linear ubiquitination and blunting of NF-κB nuclear translocation in response to tumour-necrosis factor (TNF), IL-1β and pathogen-associated molecular patterns. Loss of function studies in mammallian cells in combination with bacterial genetics explains how Shigella evades a broad spectrum of immune surveillance systems by cooperative inhibition of receptor ubiquitination and reveals the critical importance of LUBAC in host defence against pathogens.
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32
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Hu Z, Wang Y, Yu L, Mahanty SK, Mendoza N, Elion EA. Mapping regions in Ste5 that support Msn5-dependent and -independent nuclear export. Biochem Cell Biol 2016; 94:109-28. [PMID: 26824509 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2015-0101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Careful control of the available pool of the MAPK scaffold Ste5 is important for mating-pathway activation and the prevention of inappropriate mating differentiation in haploid Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Ste5 shuttles constitutively through the nucleus, where it is degraded by a ubiquitin-dependent mechanism triggered by G1 CDK phosphorylation. Here we narrow-down regions of Ste5 that mediate nuclear export. Four regions in Ste5 relocalize SV40-TAgNLS-GFP-GFP from nucleus to cytoplasm. One region is N-terminal, dependent on exportin Msn5/Ste21/Kap142, and interacts with Msn5 in 2 hybrid assays independently of mating pheromone, Fus3, Kss1, Ptc1, the NLS/PM, and RING-H2. A second region overlaps the PH domain and Ste11 binding site and 2 others are on the vWA domain and include residues essential for MAPK activation. We find no evidence for dependence on Crm1/Xpo1, despite numerous potential nuclear export sequences (NESs) detected by LocNES and NetNES1.1 predictors. Thus, Msn5 (homolog of human Exportin-5) and one or more exportins or adaptor molecules besides Crm1/Xpo1 may regulate Ste5 through multiple recognition sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Hu
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yunmei Wang
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lu Yu
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sanjoy K Mahanty
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Natalia Mendoza
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Elaine A Elion
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Chen X, Suhandynata RT, Sandhu R, Rockmill B, Mohibullah N, Niu H, Liang J, Lo HC, Miller DE, Zhou H, Börner GV, Hollingsworth NM. Phosphorylation of the Synaptonemal Complex Protein Zip1 Regulates the Crossover/Noncrossover Decision during Yeast Meiosis. PLoS Biol 2015; 13:e1002329. [PMID: 26682552 PMCID: PMC4684282 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1002329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Interhomolog crossovers promote proper chromosome segregation during meiosis and are formed by the regulated repair of programmed double-strand breaks. This regulation requires components of the synaptonemal complex (SC), a proteinaceous structure formed between homologous chromosomes. In yeast, SC formation requires the "ZMM" genes, which encode a functionally diverse set of proteins, including the transverse filament protein, Zip1. In wild-type meiosis, Zmm proteins promote the biased resolution of recombination intermediates into crossovers that are distributed throughout the genome by interference. In contrast, noncrossovers are formed primarily through synthesis-dependent strand annealing mediated by the Sgs1 helicase. This work identifies a conserved region on the C terminus of Zip1 (called Zip1 4S), whose phosphorylation is required for the ZMM pathway of crossover formation. Zip1 4S phosphorylation is promoted both by double-strand breaks (DSBs) and the meiosis-specific kinase, MEK1/MRE4, demonstrating a role for MEK1 in the regulation of interhomolog crossover formation, as well as interhomolog bias. Failure to phosphorylate Zip1 4S results in meiotic prophase arrest, specifically in the absence of SGS1. This gain of function meiotic arrest phenotype is suppressed by spo11Δ, suggesting that it is due to unrepaired breaks triggering the meiotic recombination checkpoint. Epistasis experiments combining deletions of individual ZMM genes with sgs1-md zip1-4A indicate that Zip1 4S phosphorylation functions prior to the other ZMMs. These results suggest that phosphorylation of Zip1 at DSBs commits those breaks to repair via the ZMM pathway and provides a mechanism by which the crossover/noncrossover decision can be dynamically regulated during yeast meiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Chen
- Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Ray T. Suhandynata
- Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Rima Sandhu
- Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease and Department of Biological Sciences, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Beth Rockmill
- Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Neeman Mohibullah
- Molecular Biology Program, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, New York, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, New York, United States of America
| | - Hengyao Niu
- Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Jason Liang
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Hsiao-Chi Lo
- Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Danny E. Miller
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Huilin Zhou
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - G. Valentin Börner
- Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease and Department of Biological Sciences, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Nancy M. Hollingsworth
- Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
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Lacroix B, Citovsky V. Nopaline-type Ti plasmid of Agrobacterium encodes a VirF-like functional F-box protein. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16610. [PMID: 26586289 PMCID: PMC4653730 DOI: 10.1038/srep16610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
During Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation of plants, several bacterial virulence (Vir) proteins are translocated into the host cell to facilitate infection. One of the most important of such translocated factors is VirF, an F-box protein produced by octopine strains of Agrobacterium, which presumably facilitates proteasomal uncoating of the invading T-DNA from its associated proteins. The presence of VirF also is thought to be involved in differences in host specificity between octopine and nopaline strains of Agrobacterium, with the current dogma being that no functional VirF is encoded by nopaline strains. Here, we show that a protein with homology to octopine VirF is encoded by the Ti plasmid of the nopaline C58 strain of Agrobacterium. This protein, C58VirF, possesses the hallmarks of functional F-box proteins: it contains an active F-box domain and specifically interacts, via its F-box domain, with SKP1-like (ASK) protein components of the plant ubiquitin/proteasome system. Thus, our data suggest that nopaline strains of Agrobacterium have evolved to encode a functional F-box protein VirF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoît Lacroix
- Stony Brook University, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5215, USA
| | - Vitaly Citovsky
- Stony Brook University, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5215, USA
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35
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García-Cano E, Magori S, Sun Q, Ding Z, Lazarowitz SG, Citovsky V. Interaction of Arabidopsis Trihelix-Domain Transcription Factors VFP3 and VFP5 with Agrobacterium Virulence Protein VirF. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142128. [PMID: 26571494 PMCID: PMC4646629 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Agrobacterium is a natural genetic engineer of plants that exports several virulence proteins into host cells in order to take advantage of the cell machinery to facilitate transformation and support bacterial growth. One of these effectors is the F-box protein VirF, which presumably uses the host ubiquitin/proteasome system (UPS) to uncoat the packaging proteins from the invading bacterial T-DNA. By analogy to several other bacterial effectors, VirF most likely has several functions in the host cell and, therefore, several interacting partners among host proteins. Here we identify one such interactor, an Arabidopsis trihelix-domain transcription factor VFP3, and further show that its very close homolog VFP5 also interacted with VirF. Interestingly, interactions of VirF with either VFP3 or VFP5 did not activate the host UPS, suggesting that VirF might play other UPS-independent roles in bacterial infection. To better understand the potential scope of VFP3 function, we used RNAi to reduce expression of the VFP3 gene. Transcriptome profiling of these VFP3-silenced plants using high-throughput cDNA sequencing (RNA-seq) revealed that VFP3 substantially affected plant gene expression; specifically, 1,118 genes representing approximately 5% of all expressed genes were significantly either up- or down-regulated in the VFP3 RNAi line compared to wild-type Col-0 plants. Among the 507 up-regulated genes were genes implicated in the regulation of transcription, protein degradation, calcium signaling, and hormone metabolism, whereas the 611 down-regulated genes included those involved in redox regulation, light reactions of photosynthesis, and metabolism of lipids, amino acids, and cell wall. Overall, this pattern of changes in gene expression is characteristic of plants under stress. Thus, VFP3 likely plays an important role in controlling plant homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena García-Cano
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Shimpei Magori
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Qi Sun
- Computational Biology Service Unit, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Zehong Ding
- Computational Biology Service Unit, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Sondra G. Lazarowitz
- Department of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Vitaly Citovsky
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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36
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Fischer P, La Rosa MK, Schulz A, Preiss A, Nagel AC. Cyclin G Functions as a Positive Regulator of Growth and Metabolism in Drosophila. PLoS Genet 2015; 11:e1005440. [PMID: 26274446 PMCID: PMC4537266 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In multicellular organisms, growth and proliferation is adjusted to nutritional conditions by a complex signaling network. The Insulin receptor/target of rapamycin (InR/TOR) signaling cascade plays a pivotal role in nutrient dependent growth regulation in Drosophila and mammals alike. Here we identify Cyclin G (CycG) as a regulator of growth and metabolism in Drosophila. CycG mutants have a reduced body size and weight and show signs of starvation accompanied by a disturbed fat metabolism. InR/TOR signaling activity is impaired in cycG mutants, combined with a reduced phosphorylation status of the kinase Akt1 and the downstream factors S6-kinase and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E binding protein (4E-BP). Moreover, the expression and accumulation of Drosophila insulin like peptides (dILPs) is disturbed in cycG mutant brains. Using a reporter assay, we show that the activity of one of the first effectors of InR signaling, Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K92E), is unaffected in cycG mutants. However, the metabolic defects and weight loss in cycG mutants were rescued by overexpression of Akt1 specifically in the fat body and by mutants in widerborst (wdb), the B'-subunit of the phosphatase PP2A, known to downregulate Akt1 by dephosphorylation. Together, our data suggest that CycG acts at the level of Akt1 to regulate growth and metabolism via PP2A in Drosophila. Size and growth of an organism are adjusted to nutritional conditions by a complex regulatory network involving the Insulin receptor and TOR signaling cascades. Drosophila melanogaster has been used in the past as a genetically tractable model to unravel the complex circuitry by genetic means. We have identified CycG as an important player in the regulation of TOR signaling. CycG mutants are underweight in the midst of food and show typical signs of TOR defects. We provide evidence that CycG acts at the level of Akt1 kinase that links the Insulin receptor and TOR signaling cascades. Molecular and genetic data point to an interplay of CycG and phosphatase PP2A, a well established negative regulator of Akt1 activity. Moreover, CycG may influence PP2A-Akt1 binding. We propose that CycG, by impeding PP2A-Akt1 interaction, acts as a positive regulator of growth in Drosophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Fischer
- Institute of Genetics, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | | | - Adriana Schulz
- Institute of Genetics, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Anette Preiss
- Institute of Genetics, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Anja C. Nagel
- Institute of Genetics, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Fukuda T, Shirane A, Wada-Hiraike O, Oda K, Tanikawa M, Sakuabashi A, Hirano M, Fu H, Morita Y, Miyamoto Y, Inaba K, Kawana K, Osuga Y, Fujii T. HAND2-mediated proteolysis negatively regulates the function of estrogen receptor α. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:5538-44. [PMID: 26166202 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
A previous study demonstrated that the progesterone‑inducible HAND2 gene product is a basic helix‑loop‑helix transcription factor and prevents mitogenic effects of estrogen receptor α (ERα) by inhibiting fibroblast growth factor signalling in mouse uteri. However, whether HAND2 directly affects the transcriptional activation function of ERα remains to be elucidated. In the present study, the physical interaction between HAND2 and ERα was investigating by performing an immunoprecipitation assay and an in vitro pull‑down assay. The results demonstrated that HAND2 and ERα interacted in a ligand‑independent manner. The in vitro pull‑down assays revealed a direct interaction between HAND2 and the amino‑terminus of ERα, termed the activation function‑1 domain. To determine the physiological significance of this interaction, the role of HAND2 as a cofactor of ERα was investigated, which revealed that HAND2 inhibited the ligand‑dependent transcriptional activation function of ERα. This result was further confirmed and the mRNA expression of vascular endothelial growth factor, an ERα‑downstream factor, was decreased by the overexpression of HAND2. This inhibition of ligand‑dependent transcriptional activation function of ERα was possibly attributed to the proteasomic degradation of ERα by HAND2. These results indicate a novel anti‑tumorigenic function of HAND2 in regulating ERα‑dependent gene expression. Considering that HAND2 is commonly hypermethylated and silenced in endometrial cancer, it is hypothesized that HAND2 may serve as a possible tumor suppressor, particularly in uterine tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiko Fukuda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113‑8655, Japan
| | - Akira Shirane
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113‑8655, Japan
| | - Osamu Wada-Hiraike
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113‑8655, Japan
| | - Katsutoshi Oda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113‑8655, Japan
| | - Michihiro Tanikawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113‑8655, Japan
| | - Ayako Sakuabashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113‑8655, Japan
| | - Mana Hirano
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113‑8655, Japan
| | - Houju Fu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113‑8655, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Morita
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113‑8655, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Miyamoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113‑8655, Japan
| | - Kanako Inaba
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113‑8655, Japan
| | - Kei Kawana
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113‑8655, Japan
| | - Yutaka Osuga
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113‑8655, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Fujii
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113‑8655, Japan
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38
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Simionescu-Bankston A, Pichavant C, Canner JP, Apponi LH, Wang Y, Steeds C, Olthoff JT, Belanto JJ, Ervasti JM, Pavlath GK. Creatine kinase B is necessary to limit myoblast fusion during myogenesis. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2015; 308:C919-31. [PMID: 25810257 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00029.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Myoblast fusion is critical for proper muscle growth and regeneration. During myoblast fusion, the localization of some molecules is spatially restricted; however, the exact reason for such localization is unknown. Creatine kinase B (CKB), which replenishes local ATP pools, localizes near the ends of cultured primary mouse myotubes. To gain insights into the function of CKB, we performed a yeast two-hybrid screen to identify CKB-interacting proteins. We identified molecules with a broad diversity of roles, including actin polymerization, intracellular protein trafficking, and alternative splicing, as well as sarcomeric components. In-depth studies of α-skeletal actin and α-cardiac actin, two predominant muscle actin isoforms, demonstrated their biochemical interaction and partial colocalization with CKB near the ends of myotubes in vitro. In contrast to other cell types, specific knockdown of CKB did not grossly affect actin polymerization in myotubes, suggesting other muscle-specific roles for CKB. Interestingly, knockdown of CKB resulted in significantly increased myoblast fusion and myotube size in vitro, whereas knockdown of creatine kinase M had no effect on these myogenic parameters. Our results suggest that localized CKB plays a key role in myotube formation by limiting myoblast fusion during myogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Simionescu-Bankston
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Cell and Developmental Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; and
| | - Christophe Pichavant
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; and
| | - James P Canner
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; and
| | - Luciano H Apponi
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; and
| | - Yanru Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; and
| | - Craig Steeds
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; and
| | - John T Olthoff
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Joseph J Belanto
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - James M Ervasti
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Grace K Pavlath
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; and
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39
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Hantak AM, Bagchi IC, Bagchi MK. Role of uterine stromal-epithelial crosstalk in embryo implantation. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2015; 58:139-46. [PMID: 25023679 DOI: 10.1387/ijdb.130348mb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Embryo implantation is a crucial step for successful pregnancy. Prior to implantation, the luminal epithelium undergoes steroid hormone-induced structural and functional changes that render it competent for embryo attachment. Subsequent invasion of the embryo into the maternal tissue triggers differentiation of the underlying stromal cells to form the decidua, a transient tissue which supports the developing embryo. Many molecular cues of both stromal and epithelial origin have been identified that are critical mediators of this process. An important aspect of uterine biology is the elaborate crosstalk that occurs between these tissue compartments during early pregnancy through expression of paracrine factors regulated by the steroid hormones estrogen and progesterone. Aberrant expression of these factors often leads to implantation failure and infertility. Genetically-engineered mouse models have been instrumental in elucidating what these paracrine factors are, what drives their expression, and what their effects are on neighboring cells. This review provides an overview of several well-characterized signaling pathways that span both epithelial and stromal compartments and their function during implantation in the mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison M Hantak
- Departments of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
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Lukhovitskaya NI, Cowan GH, Vetukuri RR, Tilsner J, Torrance L, Savenkov EI. Importin-α-mediated nucleolar localization of potato mop-top virus TRIPLE GENE BLOCK1 (TGB1) protein facilitates virus systemic movement, whereas TGB1 self-interaction is required for cell-to-cell movement in Nicotiana benthamiana. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 167:738-52. [PMID: 25576325 PMCID: PMC4348779 DOI: 10.1104/pp.114.254938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Recently, it has become evident that nucleolar passage of movement proteins occurs commonly in a number of plant RNA viruses that replicate in the cytoplasm. Systemic movement of Potato mop-top virus (PMTV) involves two viral transport forms represented by a complex of viral RNA and TRIPLE GENE BLOCK1 (TGB1) movement protein and by polar virions that contain the minor coat protein and TGB1 attached to one extremity. The integrity of polar virions ensures the efficient movement of RNA-CP, which encodes the virus coat protein. Here, we report the involvement of nuclear transport receptors belonging to the importin-α family in nucleolar accumulation of the PMTV TGB1 protein and, subsequently, in the systemic movement of the virus. Virus-induced gene silencing of two importin-α paralogs in Nicotiana benthamiana resulted in significant reduction of TGB1 accumulation in the nucleus, decreasing the accumulation of the virus progeny in upper leaves and the loss of systemic movement of RNA-CP. PMTV TGB1 interacted with importin-α in N. benthamiana, which was detected by bimolecular fluorescence complementation in the nucleoplasm and nucleolus. The interaction was mediated by two nucleolar localization signals identified by bioinformatics and mutagenesis in the TGB1 amino-terminal domain. Our results showed that while TGB1 self-interaction is needed for cell-to-cell movement, importin-α-mediated nucleolar targeting of TGB1 is an essential step in establishing the efficient systemic infection of the entire plant. These results enabled the identification of two separate domains in TGB1: an internal domain required for TGB1 self-interaction and cell-to-cell movement and the amino-terminal domain required for importin-α interaction in plants, nucleolar targeting, and long-distance movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina I Lukhovitskaya
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Linnean Centre of Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden (N.I.L., R.R.V., E.I.S.);Cell and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Dundee DD2 5DA, United Kingdom (G.H.C., J.T., L.T.); andBiomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St. Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, United Kingdom (J.T., L.T.)
| | - Graham H Cowan
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Linnean Centre of Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden (N.I.L., R.R.V., E.I.S.);Cell and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Dundee DD2 5DA, United Kingdom (G.H.C., J.T., L.T.); andBiomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St. Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, United Kingdom (J.T., L.T.)
| | - Ramesh R Vetukuri
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Linnean Centre of Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden (N.I.L., R.R.V., E.I.S.);Cell and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Dundee DD2 5DA, United Kingdom (G.H.C., J.T., L.T.); andBiomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St. Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, United Kingdom (J.T., L.T.)
| | - Jens Tilsner
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Linnean Centre of Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden (N.I.L., R.R.V., E.I.S.);Cell and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Dundee DD2 5DA, United Kingdom (G.H.C., J.T., L.T.); andBiomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St. Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, United Kingdom (J.T., L.T.)
| | - Lesley Torrance
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Linnean Centre of Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden (N.I.L., R.R.V., E.I.S.);Cell and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Dundee DD2 5DA, United Kingdom (G.H.C., J.T., L.T.); andBiomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St. Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, United Kingdom (J.T., L.T.)
| | - Eugene I Savenkov
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Linnean Centre of Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden (N.I.L., R.R.V., E.I.S.);Cell and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Dundee DD2 5DA, United Kingdom (G.H.C., J.T., L.T.); andBiomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St. Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, United Kingdom (J.T., L.T.)
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Dafny-Yelin M, Levy A, Dafny R, Tzfira T. Blocking single-stranded transferred DNA conversion to double-stranded intermediates by overexpression of yeast DNA REPLICATION FACTOR A. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 167:153-63. [PMID: 25424309 PMCID: PMC4281008 DOI: 10.1104/pp.114.250639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/23/2014] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Agrobacterium tumefaciens delivers its single-stranded transferred DNA (T-strand) into the host cell nucleus, where it can be converted into double-stranded molecules. Various studies have revealed that double-stranded transfer DNA (T-DNA) intermediates can serve as substrates by as yet uncharacterized integration machinery. Nevertheless, the possibility that T-strands are themselves substrates for integration cannot be ruled out. We attempted to block the conversion of T-strands into double-stranded intermediates prior to integration in order to further investigate the route taken by T-DNA molecules on their way to integration. Transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana benthamiana) plants that overexpress three yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) protein subunits of DNA REPLICATION FACTOR A (RFA) were produced. In yeast, these subunits (RFA1-RFA3) function as a complex that can bind single-stranded DNA molecules, promoting the repair of genomic double strand breaks. Overexpression of the RFA complex in tobacco resulted in decreased T-DNA expression, as determined by infection with A. tumefaciens cells carrying the β-glucuronidase intron reporter gene. Gene expression was not blocked when the reporter gene was delivered by microbombardment. Enhanced green fluorescent protein-assisted localization studies indicated that the three-protein complex was predominantly nuclear, thus indicating its function within the plant cell nucleus, possibly by binding naked T-strands and blocking their conversion into double-stranded intermediates. This notion was further supported by the inhibitory effect of RFA expression on the cell-to-cell movement of Bean dwarf mosaic virus, a single-stranded DNA virus. The observation that RFA complex plants dramatically inhibited the transient expression level of T-DNA and only reduced T-DNA integration by 50% suggests that double-stranded T-DNA intermediates, as well as single-stranded T-DNA, play significant roles in the integration process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mery Dafny-Yelin
- Golan Research Institute, University of Haifa, Qatzrin 12900, Israel (M.D.-Y., R.D.);Noga AgroTech Desert Agriculture, Kmehin 85511, Israel (A.L.);Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 (R.D., T.T.); andDepartment of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel (T.T.)
| | - Avner Levy
- Golan Research Institute, University of Haifa, Qatzrin 12900, Israel (M.D.-Y., R.D.);Noga AgroTech Desert Agriculture, Kmehin 85511, Israel (A.L.);Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 (R.D., T.T.); andDepartment of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel (T.T.)
| | - Raz Dafny
- Golan Research Institute, University of Haifa, Qatzrin 12900, Israel (M.D.-Y., R.D.);Noga AgroTech Desert Agriculture, Kmehin 85511, Israel (A.L.);Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 (R.D., T.T.); andDepartment of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel (T.T.)
| | - Tzvi Tzfira
- Golan Research Institute, University of Haifa, Qatzrin 12900, Israel (M.D.-Y., R.D.);Noga AgroTech Desert Agriculture, Kmehin 85511, Israel (A.L.);Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 (R.D., T.T.); andDepartment of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel (T.T.)
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Brantis-de-Carvalho CE, Maarifi G, Gonçalves Boldrin PE, Zanelli CF, Nisole S, Chelbi-Alix MK, Valentini SR. MxA interacts with and is modified by the SUMOylation machinery. Exp Cell Res 2014; 330:151-63. [PMID: 25447205 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2014.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Revised: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Mx proteins are evolutionarily conserved dynamin-like large GTPases involved in viral resistance triggered by types I and III interferons. The human MxA is a cytoplasmic protein that confers resistance to a large number of viruses. The MxA protein is also known to self-assembly into high molecular weight homo-oligomers. Using a yeast two-hybrid screen, we identified 27 MxA binding partners, some of which are related to the SUMOylation machinery. The interaction of MxA with Small-Ubiquitin MOdifier 1 (SUMO1) and Ubiquitin conjugating enzyme 9 (Ubc9) was confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation and co-localization by confocal microscopy. We identified one SUMO conjugation site at lysine 48 and two putative SUMO interacting motifs (SIMa and SIMb). We showed that MxA interacts with the EIL loop of SUMO1 in a SIM-independent manner via its CID-GED domain. The yeast two-hybrid mapping also revealed that Ubc9 binds to the MxA GTPase domain. Mutation in the putative SIMa and SIMb, which are located in the GTPase binding domain, reduced MxA antiviral activity. In addition, we showed that MxA can be conjugated to SUMO2 or SUMO3 at lysine 48 and that the SUMOylation-deficient mutant of MxA (MxAK48R) retained its capacity to oligomerize and to inhibit Vesicular Stomatitis Virus (VSV) and Influenza A Virus replication, suggesting that MxA SUMOylation is not essential for its antiviral activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Eduardo Brantis-de-Carvalho
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Univ Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Araraquara 14801-902, SP, Brazil; INSERM UMR-S 1124, Université Paris Descartes, Paris 75006, France
| | - Ghizlane Maarifi
- INSERM UMR-S 1124, Université Paris Descartes, Paris 75006, France
| | - Paulo Eduardo Gonçalves Boldrin
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Univ Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Araraquara 14801-902, SP, Brazil
| | - Cleslei Fernando Zanelli
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Univ Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Araraquara 14801-902, SP, Brazil
| | - Sébastien Nisole
- INSERM UMR-S 1124, Université Paris Descartes, Paris 75006, France
| | | | - Sandro Roberto Valentini
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Univ Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Araraquara 14801-902, SP, Brazil.
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Bhattacharya S, Burridge PW, Kropp EM, Chuppa SL, Kwok WM, Wu JC, Boheler KR, Gundry RL. High efficiency differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells to cardiomyocytes and characterization by flow cytometry. J Vis Exp 2014:52010. [PMID: 25286293 DOI: 10.3791/52010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
There is an urgent need to develop approaches for repairing the damaged heart, discovering new therapeutic drugs that do not have toxic effects on the heart, and improving strategies to accurately model heart disease. The potential of exploiting human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) technology to generate cardiac muscle "in a dish" for these applications continues to generate high enthusiasm. In recent years, the ability to efficiently generate cardiomyogenic cells from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) has greatly improved, offering us new opportunities to model very early stages of human cardiac development not otherwise accessible. In contrast to many previous methods, the cardiomyocyte differentiation protocol described here does not require cell aggregation or the addition of Activin A or BMP4 and robustly generates cultures of cells that are highly positive for cardiac troponin I and T (TNNI3, TNNT2), iroquois-class homeodomain protein IRX-4 (IRX4), myosin regulatory light chain 2, ventricular/cardiac muscle isoform (MLC2v) and myosin regulatory light chain 2, atrial isoform (MLC2a) by day 10 across all human embryonic stem cell (hESC) and hiPSC lines tested to date. Cells can be passaged and maintained for more than 90 days in culture. The strategy is technically simple to implement and cost-effective. Characterization of cardiomyocytes derived from pluripotent cells often includes the analysis of reference markers, both at the mRNA and protein level. For protein analysis, flow cytometry is a powerful analytical tool for assessing quality of cells in culture and determining subpopulation homogeneity. However, technical variation in sample preparation can significantly affect quality of flow cytometry data. Thus, standardization of staining protocols should facilitate comparisons among various differentiation strategies. Accordingly, optimized staining protocols for the analysis of IRX4, MLC2v, MLC2a, TNNI3, and TNNT2 by flow cytometry are described.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul W Burridge
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine
| | - Erin M Kropp
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin
| | | | - Wai-Meng Kwok
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin
| | - Joseph C Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine
| | - Kenneth R Boheler
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Consortium, LKS Faculty of Medicine, Hong Kong University; Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
| | - Rebekah L Gundry
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin; Cardiovascular Research Center, Biotechnology and Bioengineering Center, Medical College of Wisconsin;
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Asuthkar S, Gogineni VR, Rao JS, Velpula KK. Nuclear Translocation of Hand-1 Acts as a Molecular Switch to Regulate Vascular Radiosensitivity in Medulloblastoma Tumors: The Protein uPAR Is a Cytoplasmic Sequestration Factor for Hand-1. Mol Cancer Ther 2014; 13:1309-22. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-13-0892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Tamura M, Amano T, Shiroishi T. The Hand2 Gene Dosage Effect in Developmental Defects and Human Congenital Disorders. Curr Top Dev Biol 2014; 110:129-52. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-405943-6.00003-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Hanamatsu H, Fujimura-Kamada K, Yamamoto T, Furuta N, Tanaka K. Interaction of the phospholipid flippase Drs2p with the F-box protein Rcy1p plays an important role in early endosome to trans-Golgi network vesicle transport in yeast. J Biochem 2013; 155:51-62. [PMID: 24272750 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvt094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Phospholipid composition of biological membranes differs between the cytoplasmic and exoplasmic leaflets. The type 4 P-type ATPases are phospholipid flippases that generate such membrane phospholipid asymmetry. Drs2p, a flippase in budding yeast, is involved in the endocytic recycling pathway. Drs2p is implicated in clathrin-coated vesicle formation, but the underlying mechanisms are not clearly understood. Here we show that the carboxyl-terminal cytoplasmic region of Drs2p directly binds to Rcy1p, an F-box protein that is also required for endocytic recycling. The Drs2p-binding region was mapped to the amino acids 574-778 region of Rcy1p and a mutant Rcy1p lacking this region was defective in endocytic recycling of a v-SNARE Snc1p. We isolated Drs2p point mutants that reduced the interaction with Rcy1p. The mutation sites were clustered within a small region (a.a. 1260-1268) of Drs2p. Although these point mutants did not exhibit clear phenotypes, combination of them resulted in cold-sensitive growth, defects in endocytic recycling of Snc1p and defective localization of Rcy1p to endosomal membranes like the drs2 null mutant. These results suggest that the interaction of Drs2p with Rcy1p plays an important role for Drs2p function in the endocytic recycling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisatoshi Hanamatsu
- Division of Molecular Interaction, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Life Science, N15 W7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0815, Japan
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Li H, Dou W, Padikkala E, Mani S. Reverse yeast two-hybrid system to identify mammalian nuclear receptor residues that interact with ligands and/or antagonists. J Vis Exp 2013:e51085. [PMID: 24300333 DOI: 10.3791/51085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
As a critical regulator of drug metabolism and inflammation, Pregnane X Receptor (PXR), plays an important role in disease pathophysiology linking metabolism and inflammation (e.g. hepatic steatosis)(1,2). There has been much progress in the identification of agonist ligands for PXR, however, there are limited descriptions of drug-like antagonists and their binding sites on PXR(3,4,5). A critical barrier has been the inability to efficiently purify full-length protein for structural studies with antagonists despite the fact that PXR was cloned and characterized in 1998. Our laboratory developed a novel high throughput yeast based two-hybrid assay to define an antagonist, ketoconazole's, binding residues on PXR(6). Our method involves creating mutational libraries that would rescue the effect of single mutations on the AF-2 surface of PXR expected to interact with ketoconazole. Rescue or "gain-of-function" second mutations can be made such that conclusions regarding the genetic interaction of ketoconazole and the surface residue(s) on PXR are feasible. Thus, we developed a high throughput two-hybrid yeast screen of PXR mutants interacting with its coactivator, SRC-1. Using this approach, in which the yeast was modified to accommodate the study of the antifungal drug, ketoconazole, we could demonstrate specific mutations on PXR enriched in clones unable to bind to ketoconazole. By reverse logic, we conclude that the original residues are direct interaction residues with ketoconazole. This assay represents a novel, tractable genetic assay to screen for antagonist binding sites on nuclear receptor surfaces. This assay could be applied to any drug regardless of its cytotoxic potential to yeast as well as to cellular protein(s) that cannot be studied using standard structural biology or proteomic based methods. Potential pitfalls include interpretation of data (complementary methods useful), reliance on single Y2H method, expertise in handling yeast or performing yeast two-hybrid assays, and assay optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine
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Dirkx E, Gladka MM, Philippen LE, Armand AS, Kinet V, Leptidis S, el Azzouzi H, Salic K, Bourajjaj M, da Silva GJJ, Olieslagers S, van der Nagel R, de Weger R, Bitsch N, Kisters N, Seyen S, Morikawa Y, Chanoine C, Heymans S, Volders PGA, Thum T, Dimmeler S, Cserjesi P, Eschenhagen T, da Costa Martins PA, De Windt LJ. Nfat and miR-25 cooperate to reactivate the transcription factor Hand2 in heart failure. Nat Cell Biol 2013; 15:1282-93. [DOI: 10.1038/ncb2866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Hu D, Scott IC, Snider F, Geary-Joo C, Zhao X, Simmons DG, Cross JC. The basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor Hand1 regulates mouse development as a homodimer. Dev Biol 2013; 382:470-81. [PMID: 23911935 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2013.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2013] [Revised: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 07/28/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Hand1 is a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor that is essential for development of the placenta, yolk sac and heart during mouse development. While Hand1 is essential for trophoblast giant cell (TGC) differentiation, its potential heterodimer partners are not co-expressed in TGCs. To test the hypothesis that Hand1 functions as homodimer, we generated knock-in mice in which the Hand1 gene was altered to encode a tethered homodimer (TH). Some Hand1(TH/-) conceptuses in which the only form of Hand1 is Hand1(TH) are viable and fertile, indicating that homodimer Hand1 is sufficient for mouse survival. ~2/3 of Hand1(TH/-) and all Hand1(TH/TH) mice died in utero and displayed severe placental defects and variable cardial and cranial-facial abnormalities, indicating a dosage-dependent effect of Hand1(TH). Meanwhile, expression of the Hand1(TH) protein did not have negative effects on viability or fertility in all Hand1(TH/+) mice. These data imply that Hand1 homodimer plays a dominant role during development and its expression dosage is critical for survival, whereas Hand1 heterodimers can be either dispensable or play a regulatory role to modulate the activity of Hand1 homodimer in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Center for Stem Cell Application and Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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Zalepa-King L, Citovsky V. A plasmodesmal glycosyltransferase-like protein. PLoS One 2013; 8:e58025. [PMID: 23469135 PMCID: PMC3582556 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2012] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasmodesmata (Pd) are plant intercellular connections that represent cytoplasmic conduits for a wide spectrum of cellular transport cargoes, from ions to house-keeping proteins to transcription factors and RNA silencing signals; furthermore, Pd are also utilized by most plant viruses for their spread between host cells. Despite this central role of Pd in the plant life cycle, their structural and functional composition remains poorly characterized. In this study, we used a known Pd-associated calreticulin protein AtCRT1 as bait to isolate other Pd associated proteins in Arabidopsis thaliana. These experiments identified a beta-1,6-N-acetylglucosaminyl transferase-like enzyme (AtGnTL). Subcellular localization studies using confocal microscopy observed AtGnTL at Pd within living plant cells and demonstrated colocalization with a Pd callose-binding protein (AtPDCB1). That AtGnTL is resident in Pd was consistent with its localization within the plant cell wall following plasmolysis. Initial characterization of an Arabidopsis T-DNA insertional mutant in the AtGnTL gene revealed defects in seed germination and delayed plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Zalepa-King
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Vitaly Citovsky
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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