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Mahé M, Rios-Fuller T, Katsara O, Schneider RJ. Non-canonical mRNA translation initiation in cell stress and cancer. NAR Cancer 2024; 6:zcae026. [PMID: 38828390 PMCID: PMC11140632 DOI: 10.1093/narcan/zcae026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The now well described canonical mRNA translation initiation mechanism of m7G 'cap' recognition by cap-binding protein eIF4E and assembly of the canonical pre-initiation complex consisting of scaffolding protein eIF4G and RNA helicase eIF4A has historically been thought to describe all cellular mRNA translation. However, the past decade has seen the discovery of alternative mechanisms to canonical eIF4E mediated mRNA translation initiation. Studies have shown that non-canonical alternate mechanisms of cellular mRNA translation initiation, whether cap-dependent or independent, serve to provide selective translation of mRNAs under cell physiological and pathological stress conditions. These conditions typically involve the global downregulation of canonical eIF4E1/cap-mediated mRNA translation, and selective translational reprogramming of the cell proteome, as occurs in tumor development and malignant progression. Cancer cells must be able to maintain physiological plasticity to acquire a migratory phenotype, invade tissues, metastasize, survive and adapt to severe microenvironmental stress conditions that involve inhibition of canonical mRNA translation initiation. In this review we describe the emerging, important role of non-canonical, alternate mechanisms of mRNA translation initiation in cancer, particularly in adaptation to stresses and the phenotypic cell fate changes involved in malignant progression and metastasis. These alternate translation initiation mechanisms provide new targets for oncology therapeutics development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Mahé
- Department of Microbiology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Tiffany Rios-Fuller
- Department of Microbiology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Olga Katsara
- Department of Microbiology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Robert J Schneider
- Department of Microbiology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
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2
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Romano F, Di Porzio A, Iaccarino N, Riccardi G, Di Lorenzo R, Laneri S, Pagano B, Amato J, Randazzo A. G-quadruplexes in cancer-related gene promoters: from identification to therapeutic targeting. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2023; 33:745-773. [PMID: 37855085 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2023.2271168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Guanine-rich DNA sequences can fold into four-stranded noncanonical secondary structures called G-quadruplexes (G4s) which are widely distributed in functional regions of the human genome, such as telomeres and gene promoter regions. Compelling evidence suggests their involvement in key genome functions such as gene expression and genome stability. Notably, the abundance of G4-forming sequences near transcription start sites suggests their potential involvement in regulating oncogenes. AREAS COVERED This review provides an overview of current knowledge on G4s in human oncogene promoters. The most representative G4-binding ligands have also been documented. The objective of this work is to present a comprehensive overview of the most promising targets for the development of novel and highly specific anticancer drugs capable of selectively impacting the expression of individual or a limited number of genes. EXPERT OPINION Modulation of G4 formation by specific ligands has been proposed as a powerful new tool to treat cancer through the control of oncogene expression. Actually, most of G4-binding small molecules seem to simultaneously target a range of gene promoter G4s, potentially influencing several critical driver genes in cancer, thus producing significant therapeutic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Romano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Di Porzio
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Nunzia Iaccarino
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | | | - Sonia Laneri
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Bruno Pagano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Jussara Amato
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Randazzo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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3
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Wang L, Cui X, Jiang F, Hu Y, Wan W, Li G, Lin Y, Xiao J. Circular RNA Translation in Cardiovascular Diseases. Curr Genomics 2023; 24:66-71. [PMID: 37994328 PMCID: PMC10662380 DOI: 10.2174/1389202924666230911121358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of endogenous functional RNA generated by back-splicing. Recently, circRNAs have been found to have certain coding potential. Proteins/peptides translated from circRNAs play essential roles in various diseases. Here, we briefly summarize the basic knowledge and technologies that are usually applied to study circRNA translation. Then, we focus on the research progress of circRNA translation in cardiovascular diseases and discuss the perspective and future direction of translatable circRNA study in cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Wang
- Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People’s Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong, 226011, China
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Xinxin Cui
- Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People’s Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong, 226011, China
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Fei Jiang
- Department of Nursing, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, China
- Fujian Provincial Special Reserve Talents Laboratory, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Yuxue Hu
- Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People’s Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong, 226011, China
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Wensi Wan
- Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People’s Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong, 226011, China
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Guoping Li
- Cardiovascular Division of the Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Yanjuan Lin
- Department of Nursing, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, China
- Fujian Provincial Special Reserve Talents Laboratory, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Junjie Xiao
- Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People’s Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong, 226011, China
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
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4
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Bartish M, Abraham MJ, Gonçalves C, Larsson O, Rolny C, Del Rincón SV. The role of eIF4F-driven mRNA translation in regulating the tumour microenvironment. Nat Rev Cancer 2023; 23:408-425. [PMID: 37142795 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-023-00567-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Cells can rapidly adjust their proteomes in dynamic environments by regulating mRNA translation. There is mounting evidence that dysregulation of mRNA translation supports the survival and adaptation of cancer cells, which has stimulated clinical interest in targeting elements of the translation machinery and, in particular, components of the eukaryotic initiation factor 4F (eIF4F) complex such as eIF4E. However, the effect of targeting mRNA translation on infiltrating immune cells and stromal cells in the tumour microenvironment (TME) has, until recently, remained unexplored. In this Perspective article, we discuss how eIF4F-sensitive mRNA translation controls the phenotypes of key non-transformed cells in the TME, with an emphasis on the underlying therapeutic implications of targeting eIF4F in cancer. As eIF4F-targeting agents are in clinical trials, we propose that a broader understanding of their effect on gene expression in the TME will reveal unappreciated therapeutic vulnerabilities that could be used to improve the efficacy of existing cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Bartish
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Segal Cancer Center, Lady Davis Institute and Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Madelyn J Abraham
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Segal Cancer Center, Lady Davis Institute and Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Christophe Gonçalves
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Segal Cancer Center, Lady Davis Institute and Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Ola Larsson
- Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Charlotte Rolny
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Sonia V Del Rincón
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Segal Cancer Center, Lady Davis Institute and Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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Yıldız S, Nursal AF, Yıgıt S, Tumer MK. Role of VEGF I/D variant in suspectibility to odontogenic cyst formation. NUCLEOSIDES, NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2023; 42:308-316. [PMID: 36270022 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2022.2136693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Odontogenic cysts, are located in the jawbones, filled with fluid surrounded by epithelial lining and fibrous connective tissue. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) can induce physiological and pathological angiogenesis and is an endothelial cell-specific mitogen. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether any possible association between the VEGF insertion/deletion (I/D) variant and odontogenic cyst in Turkish population. Clinical information and venous blood samples were collected from 62 odontogenic cyst patients and 98 healthy controls. DNA was isolated from peripheral blood leukocytes. Genotyping of the VEGF I/D variant was done by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. There was a statistically differece in terms of VEGF I/D allele frequencies between patients and controls. VEGF I/D variant I allele frequency was more prevalant in patients compared to controls (p = 0.006411, OR: 2.08, 95%Cl: 1.322-3.272). A statistically significant association was observed when the patients were compared with the controls according to D/D + I/D versus I/I genotype (p = 0.0508, OR: 1.925, 95%Cl: 0.872-4.246). The genotype distribution of VEGF I/D was not statistically different between patients and controls (p > 0.05). For the first time, our results provided evidence supporting the odontogenic cyst formation associated with the I/D variant at the promoter region of the VEGF gene in a group of Turkish population. Although it was seen in our study that the I/D variant in the promoter region of the VEGF gene supports odontogenic cyst formation, large-scale studies are needed to elucidate the effect of this variant on odontogenic cysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serkan Yıldız
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayse Feyda Nursal
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Hitit University, Corum, Turkey
| | - Serbulent Yıgıt
- Department of Veterinary Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Kemal Tumer
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, Alanya, Turkey
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Kishi H, Komatsu W, Uchiyama K, Takayama H, Udagawa T, Ohhira S, Kobashi G. Vascular endothelial growth factor isoforms are expressed in the uterus during estrous cycle of golden hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus). Anim Sci J 2023; 94:e13804. [PMID: 36617429 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
We investigated VEGF expression in the uterus during the estrous cycle in the golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus). Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction of genes expressed in the uterus revealed the presence of at least three different VEGF isoforms (hamster VEGF188, VEGF164, and VEGF120). They were highly homologous to the respective mouse and human isoforms. Furthermore, VEGF164 and VEGF120 were predominantly expressed in the hamster uterus during the estrous cycle. In situ hybridization revealed that VEGF is expressed only in the luminal and glandular epithelium of the endometrium but not in the stromal cells or myometrium. The positive reaction of luminal and glandular epithelial cells on day 4 of the estrous cycle (day 1 = day of ovulation) was a little stronger than that of other days of the cycle. These findings suggest that VEGF molecules are secreted by endometrial epithelial cells and play an important role in the maintenance of blood vessels in the endometrial stroma. These results also suggest that uterine changes, such as edema, observed from day 4 to day 1 of the estrous cycle, are expected to occur primarily through the action of VEGF secreted by the uterine endometrial epithelium in preparation for subsequent embryo implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisashi Kishi
- Department of Public Health, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Mibu, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Wataru Komatsu
- Department of Public Health, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Mibu, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Koji Uchiyama
- Department of Public Health, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Mibu, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Hidehito Takayama
- Department of Public Health, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Mibu, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Tomomi Udagawa
- Department of Public Health, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Mibu, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Shuji Ohhira
- Department of Public Health, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Mibu, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Gen Kobashi
- Department of Public Health, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Mibu, Tochigi, Japan
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Internal Ribosome Entry Site (IRES)-Mediated Translation and Its Potential for Novel mRNA-Based Therapy Development. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10081865. [PMID: 36009412 PMCID: PMC9405587 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10081865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Many conditions can benefit from RNA-based therapies, namely, those targeting internal ribosome entry sites (IRESs) and their regulatory proteins, the IRES trans-acting factors (ITAFs). IRES-mediated translation is an alternative mechanism of translation initiation, known for maintaining protein synthesis when canonical translation is impaired. During a stress response, it contributes to cell reprogramming and adaptation to the new environment. The relationship between IRESs and ITAFs with tumorigenesis and resistance to therapy has been studied in recent years, proposing new therapeutic targets and treatments. In addition, IRES-dependent translation initiation dysregulation is also related to neurological and cardiovascular diseases, muscular atrophies, or other syndromes. The participation of these structures in the development of such pathologies has been studied, yet to a far lesser extent than in cancer. Strategies involving the disruption of IRES–ITAF interactions or the modification of ITAF expression levels may be used with great impact in the development of new therapeutics. In this review, we aim to comprehend the current data on groups of human pathologies associated with IRES and/or ITAF dysregulation and their application in the designing of new therapeutic approaches using them as targets or tools. Thus, we wish to summarise the evidence in the field hoping to open new promising lines of investigation toward personalised treatments.
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8
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Guleria K, Kaur S, Mahajan D, Sambyal V, Sudan M, Uppal MS. Impact of VEGFA promoter polymorphisms on esophageal cancer risk in North-West Indians: a case-control study. Genes Genomics 2022; 44:923-936. [PMID: 35767183 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-022-01269-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiogenesis play a critical role in the development and progression of tumors in solid tumors. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is one of the most important endothelial cell mitogen which plays a critical role in normal physiological and tumor angiogenesis. OBJECTIVES The objective of this case-control study was to investigate the association of VEGF-2578C/A, -2549 I/D, and -460T/C promoter polymorphisms with esophageal cancer risk in North-West Indians. METHODS In this study, 200 sporadic esophageal cancer patients and 200 healthy, unrelated, age and gender matched controls were analyzed. The genomic DNA was extracted from blood samples using phenol chloroform method. Genotyping of VEGF- 2549I/D polymorphism was carried out by direct polymerase chain reaction (PCR) whereas VEGF -2578C/A and VEGF-460T/C) polymorphisms were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. RESULTS AA genotype (p = 0.005) and A allele (p = 0.005) VEGF -2578 C/A, II genotype (p = 0.011) and I allele (p = 0.012) of VEGF - 2549 I/D and CC genotype (p = 0.013) and C allele of VEGF-460T/C polymorphisms were significantly associated with increased risk of esophageal cancer. Stratification of data on the basis of gender showed that VEGF -2578 AA genotype (p = 0.001) and A allele (p = 0.001); VEGF -2549 II genotype (p = 0.002) and I allele (p = 0.002) and VEGF- 460CC genotype (p = 0.001) and C allele (p = 0.002) was significantly associated with increased risk of esophageal cancer in female group. Haplotype analysis revealed that A-2578 I- 2549 C- 460 haplotype was significantly associated with increased risk for esophageal cancer in total samples (p = 0.008) as well as in female group (p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The results of present study indicate that VEGF -2578C/A, - 2549I/D and -460T/C polymorphisms were significantly associated with increased risk of esophageal cancer in North-West Indians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamlesh Guleria
- Human Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India.
| | - Simranjot Kaur
- Human Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
| | - Deepanshi Mahajan
- Human Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
| | - Vasudha Sambyal
- Human Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
| | - Meena Sudan
- Department of Radiotherapy, Sri Guru Ram Das Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Manjit Singh Uppal
- Department of Surgery, Sri Guru Ram Das Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Amritsar, Punjab, India
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Hoque ME, Mahendran T, Basu S. Reversal of G-Quadruplexes' Role in Translation Control When Present in the Context of an IRES. Biomolecules 2022; 12:314. [PMID: 35204814 PMCID: PMC8869680 DOI: 10.3390/biom12020314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
G-quadruplexes (GQs) are secondary nucleic acid structures that play regulatory roles in various cellular processes. G-quadruplex-forming sequences present within the 5' UTR of mRNAs can function not only as repressors of translation but also as elements required for optimum function. Based upon previous reports, the majority of the 5' UTR GQ structures inhibit translation, presumably by blocking the ribosome scanning process that is essential for detection of the initiation codon. However, there are certain mRNAs containing GQs that have been identified as positive regulators of translation, as they are needed for translation initiation. While most cellular mRNAs utilize the 5' cap structure to undergo cap-dependent translation initiation, many rely on cap-independent translation under certain conditions in which the cap-dependent initiation mechanism is not viable or slowed down, for example, during development, under stress and in many diseases. Cap-independent translation mainly occurs via Internal Ribosomal Entry Sites (IRESs) that are located in the 5' UTR of mRNAs and are equipped with structural features that can recruit the ribosome or other factors to initiate translation without the need for a 5' cap. In this review, we will focus only on the role of RNA GQs present in the 5' UTR of mRNAs, where they play a critical role in translation initiation, and discuss the potential mechanism of this phenomenon, which is yet to be fully delineated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Soumitra Basu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA; (M.E.H.); (T.M.)
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10
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Niu K, Zhang X, Song Q, Feng Q. G-Quadruplex Regulation of VEGFA mRNA Translation by RBM4. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020743. [PMID: 35054929 PMCID: PMC8776124 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In eukaryotes, mRNAs translation is mainly mediated in a cap-dependent or cap-independent manner. The latter is primarily initiated at the internal ribosome entry site (IRES) in the 5'-UTR of mRNAs. It has been reported that the G-quadruplex structure (G4) in the IRES elements could regulate the IRES activity. We previously confirmed RBM4 (also known as LARK) as a G4-binding protein in human. In this study, to investigate whether RBM4 is involved in the regulation of the IRES activity by binding with the G4 structure within the IRES element, the IRES-A element in the 5'-UTR of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) was constructed into a dicistronic reporter vector, psiCHECK2, and the effect of RBM4 on the IRES activity was tested in 293T cells. The results showed that the IRES insertion significantly increased the FLuc expression activity, indicating that this G4-containing IRES was active in 293T cells. When the G4 structure in the IRES was disrupted by base mutation, the IRES activity was significantly decreased. The IRES activity was notably increased when the cells were treated with G4 stabilizer PDS. EMSA results showed that RBM4 specifically bound the G4 structure in the IRES element. The knockdown of RBM4 substantially reduced the IRES activity, whereas over-expressing RBM4 increased the IRES activity. Taking all results together, we demonstrated that RBM4 promoted the mRNA translation of VEGFA gene by binding to the G4 structure in the IRES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangkang Niu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China; (K.N.); (X.Z.)
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Xiaojuan Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China; (K.N.); (X.Z.)
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Qisheng Song
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA;
| | - Qili Feng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China; (K.N.); (X.Z.)
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
- Correspondence:
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11
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Godet AC, Roussel E, David F, Hantelys F, Morfoisse F, Alves J, Pujol F, Ader I, Bertrand E, Burlet-Schiltz O, Froment C, Henras AK, Vitali P, Lacazette E, Tatin F, Garmy-Susini B, Prats AC. Long non-coding RNA Neat1 and paraspeckle components are translational regulators in hypoxia. eLife 2022; 11:69162. [PMID: 36546462 PMCID: PMC9799981 DOI: 10.7554/elife.69162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Internal ribosome entry sites (IRESs) drive translation initiation during stress. In response to hypoxia, (lymph)angiogenic factors responsible for tissue revascularization in ischemic diseases are induced by the IRES-dependent mechanism. Here, we searched for IRES trans-acting factors (ITAFs) active in early hypoxia in mouse cardiomyocytes. Using knock-down and proteomics approaches, we show a link between a stressed-induced nuclear body, the paraspeckle, and IRES-dependent translation. Furthermore, smiFISH experiments demonstrate the recruitment of IRES-containing mRNA into paraspeckle during hypoxia. Our data reveal that the long non-coding RNA Neat1, an essential paraspeckle component, is a key translational regulator, active on IRESs of (lymph)angiogenic and cardioprotective factor mRNAs. In addition, paraspeckle proteins p54nrb and PSPC1 as well as nucleolin and RPS2, two p54nrb-interacting proteins identified by mass spectrometry, are ITAFs for IRES subgroups. Paraspeckle thus appears as a platform to recruit IRES-containing mRNAs and possibly host IRESome assembly. Polysome PCR array shows that Neat1 isoforms regulate IRES-dependent translation and, more widely, translation of mRNAs involved in stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emilie Roussel
- UMR 1297-I2MC, Inserm, Université de ToulouseToulouseFrance
| | - Florian David
- UMR 1297-I2MC, Inserm, Université de ToulouseToulouseFrance
| | | | | | - Joffrey Alves
- UMR 1297-I2MC, Inserm, Université de ToulouseToulouseFrance
| | | | - Isabelle Ader
- UMR 1301-RESTORE, Inserm, CNRS 5070, Etablissement Français du Sang-Occitanie (EFS), National Veterinary School of Toulouse (ENVT), Université de ToulouseToulouseFrance
| | | | - Odile Burlet-Schiltz
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRSToulouseFrance
| | - Carine Froment
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRSToulouseFrance
| | - Anthony K Henras
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Unit (MCD), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de ToulouseToulouseFrance
| | - Patrice Vitali
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Unit (MCD), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de ToulouseToulouseFrance
| | - Eric Lacazette
- UMR 1297-I2MC, Inserm, Université de ToulouseToulouseFrance
| | - Florence Tatin
- UMR 1297-I2MC, Inserm, Université de ToulouseToulouseFrance
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Dierschke SK, Dennis MD. Retinal Protein O-GlcNAcylation and the Ocular Renin-angiotensin System: Signaling Cross-roads in Diabetic Retinopathy. Curr Diabetes Rev 2022; 18:e011121190177. [PMID: 33430751 PMCID: PMC8272735 DOI: 10.2174/1573399817999210111205933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
It is well established that diabetes and its associated hyperglycemia negatively impact retinal function, yet we know little about the role played by augmented flux through the Hexosamine Biosynthetic Pathway (HBP). This offshoot of the glycolytic pathway produces UDP-Nacetyl- glucosamine, which serves as the substrate for post-translational O-linked modification of proteins in a process referred to as O-GlcNAcylation. HBP flux and subsequent protein O-GlcNAcylation serve as nutrient sensors, enabling cells to integrate metabolic information to appropriately modulate fundamental cellular processes including gene expression. Here we summarize the impact of diabetes on retinal physiology, highlighting recent studies that explore the role of O-GlcNAcylation- induced variation in mRNA translation in retinal dysfunction and the pathogenesis of Diabetic Retinopathy (DR). Augmented O-GlcNAcylation results in wide variation in the selection of mRNAs for translation, in part, due to O-GlcNAcylation of the translational repressor 4E-BP1. Recent studies demonstrate that 4E-BP1 plays a critical role in regulating O-GlcNAcylation-induced changes in the translation of the mRNAs encoding Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF), a number of important mitochondrial proteins, and CD40, a key costimulatory molecule involved in diabetes-induced retinal inflammation. Remarkably, 4E-BP1/2 ablation delays the onset of diabetes- induced visual dysfunction in mice. Thus, pharmacological interventions to prevent the impact of O-GlcNAcylation on 4E-BP1 may represent promising therapeutics to address the development and progression of DR. In this regard, we discuss the potential interplay between retinal O-GlcNAcylation and the ocular renin-angiotensin system as a potential therapeutic target of future interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadie K. Dierschke
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine
| | - Michael D. Dennis
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine
- Department of Ophthalmology, Penn State College of Medicine
- Address correspondence to this author at the Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, H166, Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive Hershey, PA 17033; Tel: (717)531-0003 Ext-282596; Fax: (717)531-7667;
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13
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Park M, Kim J, Kim T, Kim S, Park W, Ha KS, Cho SH, Won MH, Lee JH, Kwon YG, Kim YM. REDD1 is a determinant of low-dose metronomic doxorubicin-elicited endothelial cell dysfunction through downregulation of VEGFR-2/3 expression. Exp Mol Med 2021; 53:1612-1622. [PMID: 34697389 PMCID: PMC8568908 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-021-00690-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Low-dose metronomic chemotherapy (LDMC) inhibits tumor angiogenesis and growth by targeting tumor-associated endothelial cells, but the molecular mechanism has not been fully elucidated. Here, we examined the functional role of regulated in development and DNA damage responses 1 (REDD1), an inhibitor of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), in LDMC-mediated endothelial cell dysfunction. Low-dose doxorubicin (DOX) treatment induced REDD1 expression in cultured vascular and lymphatic endothelial cells and subsequently repressed the mRNA expression of mTORC1-dependent translation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (Vegfr)-2/3, resulting in the inhibition of VEGF-mediated angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. These regulatory effects of DOX-induced REDD1 expression were additionally confirmed by loss- and gain-of-function studies. Furthermore, LDMC with DOX significantly suppressed tumor angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, vascular permeability, growth, and metastasis in B16 melanoma-bearing wild-type but not Redd1-deficient mice. Altogether, our findings indicate that REDD1 is a crucial determinant of LDMC-mediated functional dysregulation of tumor vascular and lymphatic endothelial cells by translational repression of Vegfr-2/3 transcripts, supporting the potential therapeutic properties of REDD1 in highly progressive or metastatic tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minsik Park
- grid.412010.60000 0001 0707 9039Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24341 Republic of Korea
| | - Joohwan Kim
- grid.412010.60000 0001 0707 9039Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24341 Republic of Korea
| | - Taesam Kim
- grid.412010.60000 0001 0707 9039Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24341 Republic of Korea
| | - Suji Kim
- grid.412010.60000 0001 0707 9039Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24341 Republic of Korea
| | - Wonjin Park
- grid.412010.60000 0001 0707 9039Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24341 Republic of Korea
| | - Kwon-Soo Ha
- grid.412010.60000 0001 0707 9039Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24341 Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hwan Cho
- grid.412010.60000 0001 0707 9039Kangwon Institute of Inclusive Technology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24341 Republic of Korea
| | - Moo-Ho Won
- grid.412010.60000 0001 0707 9039Department of Neurobiology, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24341 Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hyung Lee
- grid.412010.60000 0001 0707 9039Department of Biochemistry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-Do 24341 Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Guen Kwon
- grid.15444.300000 0004 0470 5454Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722 Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Myeong Kim
- grid.412010.60000 0001 0707 9039Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24341 Republic of Korea ,grid.412010.60000 0001 0707 9039Kangwon Institute of Inclusive Technology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24341 Republic of Korea
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14
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Chalkiadaki K, Statoulla E, Markou M, Bellou S, Bagli E, Fotsis T, Murphy C, Gkogkas CG. Translational control in neurovascular brain development. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2021; 8:211088. [PMID: 34659781 PMCID: PMC8511748 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.211088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The human brain carries out complex tasks and higher functions and is crucial for organismal survival, as it senses both intrinsic and extrinsic environments. Proper brain development relies on the orchestrated development of different precursor cells, which will give rise to the plethora of mature brain cell-types. Within this process, neuronal cells develop closely to and in coordination with vascular cells (endothelial cells (ECs), pericytes) in a bilateral communication process that relies on neuronal activity, attractive or repulsive guidance cues for both cell types and on tight-regulation of gene expression. Translational control is a master regulator of the gene-expression pathway and in particular for neuronal and ECs, it can be localized in developmentally relevant (axon growth cone, endothelial tip cell) and mature compartments (synapses, axons). Herein, we will review mechanisms of translational control relevant to brain development in neurons and ECs in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kleanthi Chalkiadaki
- Division of Biomedical Research, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, University Campus, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Elpida Statoulla
- Division of Biomedical Research, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, University Campus, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Maria Markou
- Division of Biomedical Research, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, University Campus, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Sofia Bellou
- Division of Biomedical Research, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, University Campus, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Eleni Bagli
- Division of Biomedical Research, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, University Campus, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Theodore Fotsis
- Division of Biomedical Research, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, University Campus, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Carol Murphy
- Division of Biomedical Research, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, University Campus, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Christos G. Gkogkas
- Division of Biomedical Research, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, University Campus, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
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15
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Lemieux P, Birot O. Altitude, Exercise, and Skeletal Muscle Angio-Adaptive Responses to Hypoxia: A Complex Story. Front Physiol 2021; 12:735557. [PMID: 34552509 PMCID: PMC8450406 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.735557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia, defined as a reduced oxygen availability, can be observed in many tissues in response to various physiological and pathological conditions. As a hallmark of the altitude environment, ambient hypoxia results from a drop in the oxygen pressure in the atmosphere with elevation. A hypoxic stress can also occur at the cellular level when the oxygen supply through the local microcirculation cannot match the cells’ metabolic needs. This has been suggested in contracting skeletal myofibers during physical exercise. Regardless of its origin, ambient or exercise-induced, muscle hypoxia triggers complex angio-adaptive responses in the skeletal muscle tissue. These can result in the expression of a plethora of angio-adaptive molecules, ultimately leading to the growth, stabilization, or regression of muscle capillaries. This remarkable plasticity of the capillary network is referred to as angio-adaptation. It can alter the capillary-to-myofiber interface, which represent an important determinant of skeletal muscle function. These angio-adaptive molecules can also be released in the circulation as myokines to act on distant tissues. This review addresses the respective and combined potency of ambient hypoxia and exercise to generate a cellular hypoxic stress in skeletal muscle. The major skeletal muscle angio-adaptive responses to hypoxia so far described in this context will be discussed, including existing controversies in the field. Finally, this review will highlight the molecular complexity of the skeletal muscle angio-adaptive response to hypoxia and identify current gaps of knowledges in this field of exercise and environmental physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Lemieux
- Muscle Health Research Centre, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Olivier Birot
- Muscle Health Research Centre, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
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16
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Berndt N, Bippes CC, Michalk I, Bartsch T, Arndt C, Puentes-Cala E, Soto JA, Loureiro LR, Kegler A, Bachmann D, Gross JK, Gross T, Kurien BT, Scofield RH, Farris AD, James JA, Bergmann R, Schmitz M, Feldmann A, Bachmann MP. And Yet It Moves: Oxidation of the Nuclear Autoantigen La/SS-B Is the Driving Force for Nucleo-Cytoplasmic Shuttling. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9699. [PMID: 34575862 PMCID: PMC8470643 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Decades ago, we and many other groups showed a nucleo-cytoplasmic translocation of La protein in cultured cells. This shuttling of La protein was seen after UV irradiation, virus infections, hydrogen peroxide exposure and the Fenton reaction based on iron or copper ions. All of these conditions are somehow related to oxidative stress. Unfortunately, these harsh conditions could also cause an artificial release of La protein. Even until today, the shuttling and the cytoplasmic function of La/SS-B is controversially discussed. Moreover, the driving mechanism for the shuttling of La protein remains unclear. Recently, we showed that La protein undergoes redox-dependent conformational changes. Moreover, we developed anti-La monoclonal antibodies (anti-La mAbs), which are specific for either the reduced form of La protein or the oxidized form. Using these tools, here we show that redox-dependent conformational changes are the driving force for the shuttling of La protein. Moreover, we show that translocation of La protein to the cytoplasm can be triggered in a ligand/receptor-dependent manner under physiological conditions. We show that ligands of toll-like receptors lead to a redox-dependent shuttling of La protein. The shuttling of La protein depends on the redox status of the respective cell type. Endothelial cells are usually resistant to the shuttling of La protein, while dendritic cells are highly sensitive. However, the deprivation of intracellular reducing agents in endothelial cells makes endothelial cells sensitive to a redox-dependent shuttling of La protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Berndt
- Department of Radioimmunology, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), 01328 Dresden, Germany; (N.B.); (T.B.); (C.A.); (E.P.-C.); (J.A.S.); (L.R.L.); (A.K.); (R.B.); (A.F.)
| | - Claudia C. Bippes
- Institute of Immunology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (C.C.B.); (I.M.); (M.S.)
| | - Irene Michalk
- Institute of Immunology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (C.C.B.); (I.M.); (M.S.)
| | - Tabea Bartsch
- Department of Radioimmunology, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), 01328 Dresden, Germany; (N.B.); (T.B.); (C.A.); (E.P.-C.); (J.A.S.); (L.R.L.); (A.K.); (R.B.); (A.F.)
| | - Claudia Arndt
- Department of Radioimmunology, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), 01328 Dresden, Germany; (N.B.); (T.B.); (C.A.); (E.P.-C.); (J.A.S.); (L.R.L.); (A.K.); (R.B.); (A.F.)
| | - Edinson Puentes-Cala
- Department of Radioimmunology, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), 01328 Dresden, Germany; (N.B.); (T.B.); (C.A.); (E.P.-C.); (J.A.S.); (L.R.L.); (A.K.); (R.B.); (A.F.)
- Corporación para la Investigación de la Corrosión (CIC), Piedecuesta 681011, Colombia
| | - Javier Andrés Soto
- Department of Radioimmunology, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), 01328 Dresden, Germany; (N.B.); (T.B.); (C.A.); (E.P.-C.); (J.A.S.); (L.R.L.); (A.K.); (R.B.); (A.F.)
- Instituto de Investigación Masira, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas y de la Salud, Universidad de Santander, Cúcuta 540001, Colombia
| | - Liliana R. Loureiro
- Department of Radioimmunology, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), 01328 Dresden, Germany; (N.B.); (T.B.); (C.A.); (E.P.-C.); (J.A.S.); (L.R.L.); (A.K.); (R.B.); (A.F.)
| | - Alexandra Kegler
- Department of Radioimmunology, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), 01328 Dresden, Germany; (N.B.); (T.B.); (C.A.); (E.P.-C.); (J.A.S.); (L.R.L.); (A.K.); (R.B.); (A.F.)
| | - Dominik Bachmann
- Tumor Immunology, University Cancer Center (UCC), University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany;
| | - Joanne K. Gross
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (J.K.G.); (T.G.); (B.T.K.); (R.H.S.); (A.D.F.); (J.A.J.)
| | - Tim Gross
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (J.K.G.); (T.G.); (B.T.K.); (R.H.S.); (A.D.F.); (J.A.J.)
| | - Biji T. Kurien
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (J.K.G.); (T.G.); (B.T.K.); (R.H.S.); (A.D.F.); (J.A.J.)
| | - R. Hal Scofield
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (J.K.G.); (T.G.); (B.T.K.); (R.H.S.); (A.D.F.); (J.A.J.)
| | - A. Darise Farris
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (J.K.G.); (T.G.); (B.T.K.); (R.H.S.); (A.D.F.); (J.A.J.)
| | - Judith A. James
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (J.K.G.); (T.G.); (B.T.K.); (R.H.S.); (A.D.F.); (J.A.J.)
| | - Ralf Bergmann
- Department of Radioimmunology, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), 01328 Dresden, Germany; (N.B.); (T.B.); (C.A.); (E.P.-C.); (J.A.S.); (L.R.L.); (A.K.); (R.B.); (A.F.)
- Department of Biophysics and Radiobiology, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Marc Schmitz
- Institute of Immunology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (C.C.B.); (I.M.); (M.S.)
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), 03128 Dresden, Germany
| | - Anja Feldmann
- Department of Radioimmunology, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), 01328 Dresden, Germany; (N.B.); (T.B.); (C.A.); (E.P.-C.); (J.A.S.); (L.R.L.); (A.K.); (R.B.); (A.F.)
| | - Michael P. Bachmann
- Department of Radioimmunology, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), 01328 Dresden, Germany; (N.B.); (T.B.); (C.A.); (E.P.-C.); (J.A.S.); (L.R.L.); (A.K.); (R.B.); (A.F.)
- Institute of Immunology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (C.C.B.); (I.M.); (M.S.)
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), 03128 Dresden, Germany
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Sambyal V, Guleria K, Kapahi R, Manjari M, Sudan M, Uppal MS, Singh NR. Association of VEGF haplotypes with breast cancer risk in North-West Indians. BMC Med Genomics 2021; 14:209. [PMID: 34429108 PMCID: PMC8386001 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-021-01060-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiogenesis is a complex and coordinated process regulated by different growth factors and is one of the hallmark features of cancer. VEGF is one of the most important endothelial cell mitogen and has a critical role in normal physiological and tumor angiogenesis. The objective of this study was to investigate the potential association of haplotypes of six VEGF polymorphisms with breast cancer risk in North-West Indians. METHODS Samples of 250 breast cancer patients and 250 age and sex matched controls were genotyped for VEGF -2578C/A, -2549I/D, -460T/C, +405C/G, -7C/T and +936C/T polymorphisms. Haplotypes were generated to determine the better contribution of VEGF polymorphisms to breast cancer risk. RESULTS Haplotypes CDTCCC (OR = 0.56, 95%CI, 0.38-0.81; p = 0.003) and CDTGCC (OR = 0.63, 95%CI, 0.44-0.92; p = 0.018) of VEGF -2578C/A, -2549I/D, -460T/C, +405C/G, -7C/T and +936C/T polymorphisms were significantly associated with decreased risk of breast cancer. CDTCCC haplotype was also significantly associated with reduced risk of breast cancer in pre and post menopausal as well as both obese and non obese patients. Haplotype CDTGCC was marginally associated (p = 0.07) with reduced risk of breast cancer in non-obese patients as compared with non-obese controls where as haplotype AICGTC was marginally associated (p = 0.09) with reduced risk of breast cancer in obese patients when compared with non-obese patients. The CDTGCC haplotype was significantly associated with increased risk of breast cancer in premenopausal obese patients (OR = 1.98, 95%CI, 1.10-3.56; p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS Our data indicated that CDTCCC and CDTGCC haplotypes of VEGF -2578C/A, -2549I/D, -460T/C, +405C/G, -7C/T and +936C/T polymorphisms were significantly associated with breast cancer risk in North-West Indians. Further studies on multiethnic groups with larger sample size are required to confirm our results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasudha Sambyal
- Human Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Kamlesh Guleria
- Human Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, Punjab, India.
| | - Ruhi Kapahi
- Human Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Mridu Manjari
- Department of Pathology, Sri Guru Ram Das Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Meena Sudan
- Department of Radiotherapy, Sri Guru Ram Das Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Manjit Singh Uppal
- Department of Surgery, Sri Guru Ram Das Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Neeti Rajan Singh
- Department of Surgery, Sri Guru Ram Das Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Amritsar, Punjab, India
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18
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van den Akker GGH, Zacchini F, Housmans BAC, van der Vloet L, Caron MMJ, Montanaro L, Welting TJM. Current Practice in Bicistronic IRES Reporter Use: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5193. [PMID: 34068921 PMCID: PMC8156625 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Bicistronic reporter assays have been instrumental for transgene expression, understanding of internal ribosomal entry site (IRES) translation, and identification of novel cap-independent translational elements (CITE). We observed a large methodological variability in the use of bicistronic reporter assays and data presentation or normalization procedures. Therefore, we systematically searched the literature for bicistronic IRES reporter studies and analyzed methodological details, data visualization, and normalization procedures. Two hundred fifty-seven publications were identified using our search strategy (published 1994-2020). Experimental studies on eukaryotic adherent cell systems and the cell-free translation assay were included for further analysis. We evaluated the following methodological details for 176 full text articles: the bicistronic reporter design, the cell line or type, transfection methods, and time point of analyses post-transfection. For the cell-free translation assay, we focused on methods of in vitro transcription, type of translation lysate, and incubation times and assay temperature. Data can be presented in multiple ways: raw data from individual cistrons, a ratio of the two, or fold changes thereof. In addition, many different control experiments have been suggested when studying IRES-mediated translation. In addition, many different normalization and control experiments have been suggested when studying IRES-mediated translation. Therefore, we also categorized and summarized their use. Our unbiased analyses provide a representative overview of bicistronic IRES reporter use. We identified parameters that were reported inconsistently or incompletely, which could hamper data reproduction and interpretation. On the basis of our analyses, we encourage adhering to a number of practices that should improve transparency of bicistronic reporter data presentation and improve methodological descriptions to facilitate data replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guus Gijsbertus Hubert van den Akker
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Maastricht University, Medical Center+, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (G.G.H.v.d.A.); (B.A.C.H.); (L.v.d.V.); (M.M.J.C.)
| | - Federico Zacchini
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Bologna University, I-40138 Bologna, Italy; (F.Z.); (L.M.)
- Centro di Ricerca Biomedica Applicata—CRBA, Bologna University, Policlinico di Sant’Orsola, I-40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Bas Adrianus Catharina Housmans
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Maastricht University, Medical Center+, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (G.G.H.v.d.A.); (B.A.C.H.); (L.v.d.V.); (M.M.J.C.)
| | - Laura van der Vloet
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Maastricht University, Medical Center+, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (G.G.H.v.d.A.); (B.A.C.H.); (L.v.d.V.); (M.M.J.C.)
| | - Marjolein Maria Johanna Caron
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Maastricht University, Medical Center+, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (G.G.H.v.d.A.); (B.A.C.H.); (L.v.d.V.); (M.M.J.C.)
| | - Lorenzo Montanaro
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Bologna University, I-40138 Bologna, Italy; (F.Z.); (L.M.)
- Centro di Ricerca Biomedica Applicata—CRBA, Bologna University, Policlinico di Sant’Orsola, I-40138 Bologna, Italy
- Programma Dipartimentale in Medicina di Laboratorio, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Albertoni 15, I-40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Tim Johannes Maria Welting
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Maastricht University, Medical Center+, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (G.G.H.v.d.A.); (B.A.C.H.); (L.v.d.V.); (M.M.J.C.)
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19
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A PRC2-independent function for EZH2 in regulating rRNA 2'-O methylation and IRES-dependent translation. Nat Cell Biol 2021; 23:341-354. [PMID: 33795875 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-021-00653-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulated translation is a common feature of cancer. Uncovering its governing factors and underlying mechanism are important for cancer therapy. Here, we report that enhancer of zeste homologue 2 (EZH2), previously known as a transcription repressor and lysine methyltransferase, can directly interact with fibrillarin (FBL) to exert its role in translational regulation. We demonstrate that EZH2 enhances rRNA 2'-O methylation via its direct interaction with FBL. Mechanistically, EZH2 strengthens the FBL-NOP56 interaction and facilitates the assembly of box C/D small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein. Strikingly, EZH2 deficiency impairs the translation process globally and reduces internal ribosome entry site (IRES)-dependent translation initiation in cancer cells. Our findings reveal a previously unrecognized role of EZH2 in cancer-related translational regulation.
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Reprogramming translation for gene therapy. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2021; 182:439-476. [PMID: 34175050 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2021.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Translational control plays a fundamental role in the regulation of gene expression in eukaryotes. Modulating translational efficiency allows the cell to fine-tune the expression of genes, spatially control protein localization, and trigger fast responses to environmental stresses. Translational regulation involves mechanisms acting on multiple steps of the protein synthesis pathway: initiation, elongation, and termination. Many cis-acting elements present in the 5' UTR of transcripts can influence translation at the initiation step. Among them, the Kozak sequence impacts translational efficiency by regulating the recognition of the start codon; upstream open reading frames (uORFs) are associated with inhibition of translation of the downstream protein; internal ribosomal entry sites (IRESs) can promote cap-independent translation. CRISPR-Cas technology is a revolutionary gene-editing tool that has also been applied to the regulation of gene expression. In this chapter, we focus on the genome editing approaches developed to modulate the translational efficiency with the aim to find novel therapeutic approaches, in particular acting on the cis-elements, that regulate the initiation of protein synthesis.
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TNFR1-d2 carrying the p.(Thr79Met) pathogenic variant is a potential novel actor of TNFα/TNFR1 signalling regulation in the pathophysiology of TRAPS. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4172. [PMID: 33603056 PMCID: PMC7893027 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83539-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Binding of tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα) to its receptor (TNFR1) is critical for both survival and death cellular pathways. TNFα/TNFR1 signalling is complex and tightly regulated at different levels to control cell fate decisions. Previously, we identified TNFR1-d2, an exon 2-spliced transcript of TNFRSF1A gene encoding TNFR1, whose splicing may be modulated by polymorphisms associated with inflammatory disorders. Here, we investigated the impact of TNFRSF1A variants involved in TNFR-associated periodic syndrome (TRAPS) on TNFR1-d2 protein expression and activity. We found that TNFR1-d2 could be translated by using an internal translation initiation codon and a de novo internal ribosome entry site (IRES), which resulted in a putative TNFR1 isoform lacking its N-terminal region. The kinetic of assembly of TNFR1-d2 clusters at the cell surface was reduced as compared with full-length TNFR1. Although co-localized with the full-length TNFR1, TNFR1-d2 neither activated nuclear factor (NF)-κB signalling, nor interfered with TNFR1-induced NF-κB activation. Translation of TNFR1-d2 carrying the severe p.(Thr79Met) pathogenic variant (also known as T50M) was initiated at the mutated codon, resulting in an elongated extracellular domain, increased speed to form preassembled clusters in absence of TNFα, and constitutive NF-κB activation. Overall, TNFR1-d2 might reflect the complexity of the TNFR1 signalling pathways and could be involved in TRAPS pathophysiology of patients carrying the p.(Thr79Met) disease-causing variant.
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Péladeau C, Jasmin BJ. Targeting IRES-dependent translation as a novel approach for treating Duchenne muscular dystrophy. RNA Biol 2020; 18:1238-1251. [PMID: 33164678 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2020.1847894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Internal-ribosomal entry sites (IRES) are translational elements that allow the initiation machinery to start protein synthesis via internal initiation. IRESs promote tissue-specific translation in stress conditions when conventional cap-dependent translation is inhibited. Since many IRES-containing mRNAs are relevant to diseases, this cellular mechanism is emerging as an attractive therapeutic target for pharmacological and genetic modulations. Indeed, there has been growing interest over the past years in determining the therapeutic potential of IRESs for several disease conditions such as cancer, neurodegeneration and neuromuscular diseases including Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). IRESs relevant for DMD have been identified in several transcripts whose protein product results in functional improvements in dystrophic muscles. Together, these converging lines of evidence indicate that activation of IRES-mediated translation of relevant transcripts in DMD muscle represents a novel and appropriate therapeutic strategy for DMD that warrants further investigation, particularly to identify agents that can modulate their activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Péladeau
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, and the Eric Poulin Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bernard J Jasmin
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, and the Eric Poulin Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Kong S, Tao M, Shen X, Ju S. Translatable circRNAs and lncRNAs: Driving mechanisms and functions of their translation products. Cancer Lett 2020; 483:59-65. [PMID: 32360179 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Long non-coding RNA (lncRNAs) are functional RNA segments longer than 200 nucleotides, which are considered a redundant transcriptional product. Recently, lncRNAs have been shown to harbor open reading frame (ORF) sequences and encode proteins/peptides. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have long been considered as another type of non-coding RNA (ncRNA) due to the absence of the 5' cap structure. However, recent studies have shown that they also have ORFs in their sequences. CircRNAs can be translated into proteins via internal ribosome entry site (IRES)-driven or N6-methyladenosine (m6A)-mediated initiation. To date, several translatable circRNAs and lncRNAs have been identified in Drosophila, mice, and human myoblasts, as well as in different cancers, such as glioma, hepatocellular carcinoma, and colon cancer. In this article, we review the mechanisms that drive translation of circRNAs and lncRNAs. Moreover, we discuss the research methods and tools available to identify their translation products and validate the function of these bioactive proteins/peptides in physiology and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Kong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China; Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China; Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mei Tao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China; Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China; Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xianjuan Shen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China; Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shaoqing Ju
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China.
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Ghosh A, Shcherbik N. Effects of Oxidative Stress on Protein Translation: Implications for Cardiovascular Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E2661. [PMID: 32290431 PMCID: PMC7215667 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a group of disorders that affect the heart and blood vessels. Due to their multifactorial nature and wide variation, CVDs are the leading cause of death worldwide. Understanding the molecular alterations leading to the development of heart and vessel pathologies is crucial for successfully treating and preventing CVDs. One of the causative factors of CVD etiology and progression is acute oxidative stress, a toxic condition characterized by elevated intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Left unabated, ROS can damage virtually any cellular component and affect essential biological processes, including protein synthesis. Defective or insufficient protein translation results in production of faulty protein products and disturbances of protein homeostasis, thus promoting pathologies. The relationships between translational dysregulation, ROS, and cardiovascular disorders will be examined in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnab Ghosh
- Department for Cell Biology and Neuroscience, School of Osteopathic Medicine, Rowan University, 2 Medical Center Drive, Stratford, NJ 08084, USA
| | - Natalia Shcherbik
- Department for Cell Biology and Neuroscience, School of Osteopathic Medicine, Rowan University, 2 Medical Center Drive, Stratford, NJ 08084, USA
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Hantelys F, Godet AC, David F, Tatin F, Renaud-Gabardos E, Pujol F, Diallo LH, Ader I, Ligat L, Henras AK, Sato Y, Parini A, Lacazette E, Garmy-Susini B, Prats AC. Vasohibin1, a new mouse cardiomyocyte IRES trans-acting factor that regulates translation in early hypoxia. eLife 2019; 8:50094. [PMID: 31815666 PMCID: PMC6946400 DOI: 10.7554/elife.50094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia, a major inducer of angiogenesis, triggers major changes in gene expression at the transcriptional level. Furthermore, under hypoxia, global protein synthesis is blocked while internal ribosome entry sites (IRES) allow specific mRNAs to be translated. Here, we report the transcriptome and translatome signatures of (lymph)angiogenic genes in hypoxic HL-1 mouse cardiomyocytes: most genes are induced at the translatome level, including all IRES-containing mRNAs. Our data reveal activation of (lymph)angiogenic factor mRNA IRESs in early hypoxia. We identify vasohibin1 (VASH1) as an IRES trans-acting factor (ITAF) that is able to bind RNA and to activate the FGF1 IRES in hypoxia, but which tends to inhibit several IRESs in normoxia. VASH1 depletion has a wide impact on the translatome of (lymph)angiogenesis genes, suggesting that this protein can regulate translation positively or negatively in early hypoxia. Translational control thus appears as a pivotal process triggering new vessel formation in ischemic heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fransky Hantelys
- UMR 1048-I2MC, Inserm, Université de Toulouse, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Anne-Claire Godet
- UMR 1048-I2MC, Inserm, Université de Toulouse, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Florian David
- UMR 1048-I2MC, Inserm, Université de Toulouse, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Florence Tatin
- UMR 1048-I2MC, Inserm, Université de Toulouse, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Françoise Pujol
- UMR 1048-I2MC, Inserm, Université de Toulouse, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Leila H Diallo
- UMR 1048-I2MC, Inserm, Université de Toulouse, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Isabelle Ader
- UMR 1031-STROMALAB, Inserm, CNRS ERL5311, Etablissement Français du Sang-Occitanie (EFS), National Veterinary School of Toulouse (ENVT), Université de Toulouse, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Laetitia Ligat
- UMR 1037-CRCT, Inserm, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, UPS, Pôle Technologique-Plateau Protéomique, Toulouse, France
| | - Anthony K Henras
- UMR 5099-LBME, CBI, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Yasufumi Sato
- Department of Vascular Biology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Angelo Parini
- UMR 1048-I2MC, Inserm, Université de Toulouse, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Eric Lacazette
- UMR 1048-I2MC, Inserm, Université de Toulouse, UPS, Toulouse, France
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Khosroshahi NS, Pouladi N, Shavali M, Ghafouri F, Abdolahi S, Hossinpour Feizi MA. Association of –634 G > C VEGF-A polymorphism in thyroid cancer patients in North West of Iran. Meta Gene 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2019.100611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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Li J, Liu C. Coding or Noncoding, the Converging Concepts of RNAs. Front Genet 2019; 10:496. [PMID: 31178900 PMCID: PMC6538810 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Technological advances over the past decade have unraveled the remarkable complexity of RNA. The identification of small peptides encoded by long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) as well as regulatory functions mediated by non-coding regions of mRNAs have further complicated our understanding of the multifaceted functions of RNA. In this review, we summarize current evidence pointing to dual roles of RNA molecules defined by their coding and non-coding potentials. We also discuss how the emerging roles of RNA transform our understanding of gene expression and evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resource and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Changning Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resource and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
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Godet AC, David F, Hantelys F, Tatin F, Lacazette E, Garmy-Susini B, Prats AC. IRES Trans-Acting Factors, Key Actors of the Stress Response. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20040924. [PMID: 30791615 PMCID: PMC6412753 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20040924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The cellular stress response corresponds to the molecular changes that a cell undergoes in response to various environmental stimuli. It induces drastic changes in the regulation of gene expression at transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels. Actually, translation is strongly affected with a blockade of the classical cap-dependent mechanism, whereas alternative mechanisms are activated to support the translation of specific mRNAs. A major mechanism involved in stress-activated translation is the internal ribosome entry site (IRES)-driven initiation. IRESs, first discovered in viral mRNAs, are present in cellular mRNAs coding for master regulators of cell responses, whose expression must be tightly controlled. IRESs allow the translation of these mRNAs in response to different stresses, including DNA damage, amino-acid starvation, hypoxia or endoplasmic reticulum stress, as well as to physiological stimuli such as cell differentiation or synapse network formation. Most IRESs are regulated by IRES trans-acting factor (ITAFs), exerting their action by at least nine different mechanisms. This review presents the history of viral and cellular IRES discovery as well as an update of the reported ITAFs regulating cellular mRNA translation and of their different mechanisms of action. The impact of ITAFs on the coordinated expression of mRNA families and consequences in cell physiology and diseases are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Claire Godet
- UMR 1048-I2MC, Inserm, Université de Toulouse, UT3, 31432 Toulouse cedex 4, France.
| | - Florian David
- UMR 1048-I2MC, Inserm, Université de Toulouse, UT3, 31432 Toulouse cedex 4, France.
| | - Fransky Hantelys
- UMR 1048-I2MC, Inserm, Université de Toulouse, UT3, 31432 Toulouse cedex 4, France.
| | - Florence Tatin
- UMR 1048-I2MC, Inserm, Université de Toulouse, UT3, 31432 Toulouse cedex 4, France.
| | - Eric Lacazette
- UMR 1048-I2MC, Inserm, Université de Toulouse, UT3, 31432 Toulouse cedex 4, France.
| | - Barbara Garmy-Susini
- UMR 1048-I2MC, Inserm, Université de Toulouse, UT3, 31432 Toulouse cedex 4, France.
| | - Anne-Catherine Prats
- UMR 1048-I2MC, Inserm, Université de Toulouse, UT3, 31432 Toulouse cedex 4, France.
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Yamamoto K, Yano I. Genetic polymorphisms associated with adverse reactions of molecular-targeted therapies in renal cell carcinoma. Med Oncol 2018; 35:16. [PMID: 29302760 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-017-1077-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The prognosis of patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma has drastically improved due to the development of molecular-targeted drugs and their use in clinical practice. However, these drugs cause some diverse adverse reactions in patients and sometimes affect clinical outcomes of cancer therapy. Therefore, predictive markers are necessary to avoid severe adverse reactions, to establish novel and effective prevention methods, and to improve treatment outcomes. Some genetic factors involved in these adverse reactions have been reported; however, perspectives on each adverse response have not been integrated yet. In this review, genetic polymorphisms relating to molecular-targeted therapy-induced adverse reactions in patients with renal cell carcinoma are summarized in the points of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic mechanisms. We also discuss about the relationship between systemic drug exposure and adverse drug reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Yamamoto
- Department of Pharmacy, Kobe University Hospital, 7-5-2 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan.
| | - Ikuko Yano
- Department of Pharmacy, Kobe University Hospital, 7-5-2 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
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Vaklavas C, Blume SW, Grizzle WE. Translational Dysregulation in Cancer: Molecular Insights and Potential Clinical Applications in Biomarker Development. Front Oncol 2017; 7:158. [PMID: 28798901 PMCID: PMC5526920 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2017.00158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Although transcript levels have been traditionally used as a surrogate measure of gene expression, it is increasingly recognized that the latter is extensively and dynamically modulated at the level of translation (messenger RNA to protein). Over the recent years, significant progress has been made in dissecting the complex posttranscriptional mechanisms that regulate gene expression. This advancement in knowledge came hand in hand with the progress made in the methodologies to study translation both at gene-specific as well as global genomic level. The majority of translational control is exerted at the level of initiation; nonetheless, protein synthesis can be modulated at the level of translation elongation, termination, and recycling. Sequence and structural elements and epitranscriptomic modifications of individual transcripts allow for dynamic gene-specific modulation of translation. Cancer cells usurp the regulatory mechanisms that govern translation to carry out translational programs that lead to the phenotypic hallmarks of cancer. Translation is a critical nexus in neoplastic transformation. Multiple oncogenes and signaling pathways that are activated, upregulated, or mutated in cancer converge on translation and their transformative impact "bottlenecks" at the level of translation. Moreover, this translational dysregulation allows cancer cells to adapt to a diverse array of stresses associated with a hostile microenviroment and antitumor therapies. All elements involved in the process of translation, from the transcriptional template, the components of the translational machinery, to the proteins that interact with the transcriptome, have been found to be qualitatively and/or quantitatively perturbed in cancer. This review discusses the regulatory mechanisms that govern translation in normal cells and how translation becomes dysregulated in cancer leading to the phenotypic hallmarks of malignancy. We also discuss how dysregulated mediators or components of translation can be utilized as biomarkers with potential diagnostic, prognostic, or predictive significance. Such biomarkers have the potential advantage of uniform applicability in the face of inherent tumor heterogeneity and deoxyribonucleic acid instability. As translation becomes increasingly recognized as a process gone awry in cancer and agents are developed to target it, the utility and significance of these potential biomarkers is expected to increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos Vaklavas
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Scott W Blume
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - William E Grizzle
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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Keshavarzi F, Mohammadpour-Gharehbagh A, Shahrakipour M, Teimoori B, Yazdi A, Yaghmaei M, Naroeei-Nejad M, Salimi S. The placental vascular endothelial growth factor polymorphisms and preeclampsia/preeclampsia severity. Clin Exp Hypertens 2017; 39:606-611. [PMID: 28665739 DOI: 10.1080/10641963.2017.1299751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is a serious pregnancy-specific condition, which originates from placenta and finishes after delivery. The present study has investigated the association between placental VEGF I/D (rs35569394), -1154G/A (rs1570360), and -634G/C(rs2010963) polymorphisms and maternal VEGF -2549 I/D (rs35569394) polymorphism with PE and PE severity. In this case-control study, the maternal blood of 217 women with PE and 210 normotensive pregnant women and the placenta of 84 PE women and 103 normotensive women were collected after delivery. Genotyping was done by PCR or PCR-RFLP methods. The maternal VEGF-2549I/D genotypes were not associated with PE or PE severity. The placental VEGF -2549 I/D genotypes were not associated with PE too; however; the placental VEGF-2549 DD genotype was statistically different between women with severe PE and mild PE or the controls. The placental VEGF -634GC and CC genotypes were significantly higher in PE women and associated with 2.6 and 2-fold higher risk of PE, respectively. The VEGF -634GC and CC genotypes were associated with PE severity. No association was found between placental VEGF -1154G/A polymorphism and PE or PE severity. The placental DGC haplotype of VEGF -2549 I/D, -1154G/A, and -634G/C polymorphisms was associated with 2.9-fold higher risk of PE. However, the placental IAG haplotype was associated with 0.3-fold lower risk of PE. In conclusion, the placental VEGF -2549 DD genotype was associated with severe PE and the placental -634GC and CC genotypes were associated with PE and severe PE. No association was found between VEGF -1154G/A polymorphism and PE or PE severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farshid Keshavarzi
- a Cellular and Molecular Research Center , Zahedan University of Medical Sciences , Zahedan , Iran.,b Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine , Zahedan University of Medical Sciences , Zahedan , Iran
| | - Abbas Mohammadpour-Gharehbagh
- a Cellular and Molecular Research Center , Zahedan University of Medical Sciences , Zahedan , Iran.,b Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine , Zahedan University of Medical Sciences , Zahedan , Iran
| | - Mahnaz Shahrakipour
- c Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health , Zahedan University of Medical Sciences , Zahedan , Iran
| | - Batool Teimoori
- d Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine , Zahedan University of Medical Sciences , Zahedan , Iran.,e Pregnancy Health Research Center , Zahedan University of Medical Sciences , Zahedan , Iran
| | - Atefeh Yazdi
- d Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine , Zahedan University of Medical Sciences , Zahedan , Iran.,e Pregnancy Health Research Center , Zahedan University of Medical Sciences , Zahedan , Iran
| | - Minoo Yaghmaei
- f Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine , Shahid Beheshty University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Mehrnaz Naroeei-Nejad
- g Department of Genetics, School of Medicine , Zahedan University of Medical Sciences , Zahedan , Iran
| | - Saeedeh Salimi
- a Cellular and Molecular Research Center , Zahedan University of Medical Sciences , Zahedan , Iran.,b Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine , Zahedan University of Medical Sciences , Zahedan , Iran
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Xia Y, Yang C, Hu N, Yang Z, He X, Li T, Zhang L. Exploring the key genes and signaling transduction pathways related to the survival time of glioblastoma multiforme patients by a novel survival analysis model. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:950. [PMID: 28198665 PMCID: PMC5310279 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-3256-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study is to explore the key genes and signaling transduction pathways related to the survival time of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) patients. RESULTS Our results not only showed that mutually explored GBM survival time related genes and signaling transduction pathways are closely related to the GBM, but also demonstrated that our innovated constrained optimization algorithm (CoxSisLasso strategy) are better than the classical methods (CoxLasso and CoxSis strategy). CONCLUSION We analyzed why the CoxSisLasso strategy can outperform the existing classical methods and discuss how to extend this research in the distant future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Xia
- College of Computer and Information Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715 People’s Republic of China
| | - Chuanwei Yang
- Systems Biology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
- Breast Medical Oncology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - Nan Hu
- Cancer Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenzhou Yang
- Cancer Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu He
- Chongqing Zhongdi Medical Information Technology Co., Ltd, Chongqing, 401320 People’s Republic of China
| | - Tingting Li
- College of Mathematics and Statistics, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715 People’s Republic of China
| | - Le Zhang
- College of Computer and Information Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715 People’s Republic of China
- College of Mathematics and Statistics, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715 People’s Republic of China
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Cao L, Weetall M, Bombard J, Qi H, Arasu T, Lennox W, Hedrick J, Sheedy J, Risher N, Brooks PC, Trifillis P, Trotta C, Moon YC, Babiak J, Almstead NG, Colacino JM, Davis TW, Peltz SW. Discovery of Novel Small Molecule Inhibitors of VEGF Expression in Tumor Cells Using a Cell-Based High Throughput Screening Platform. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0168366. [PMID: 27992500 PMCID: PMC5161367 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Current anti-VEGF (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A) therapies to treat various cancers indiscriminately block VEGF function in the patient resulting in the global loss of VEGF signaling which has been linked to dose-limiting toxicities as well as treatment failures due to acquired resistance. Accumulating evidence suggests that this resistance is at least partially due to increased production of compensatory tumor angiogenic factors/cytokines. VEGF protein production is differentially controlled depending on whether cells are in the normal “homeostatic” state or in a stressed state, such as hypoxia, by post-transcriptional regulation imparted by elements in the 5’ and 3’ untranslated regions (UTR) of the VEGF mRNA. Using the Gene Expression Modulation by Small molecules (GEMS™) phenotypic assay system, we performed a high throughput screen to identify low molecular weight compounds that target the VEGF mRNA UTR-mediated regulation of stress-induced VEGF production in tumor cells. We identified a number of compounds that potently and selectively reduce endogenous VEGF production under hypoxia in HeLa cells. Medicinal chemistry efforts improved the potency and pharmaceutical properties of one series of compounds resulting in the discovery of PTC-510 which inhibits hypoxia-induced VEGF expression in HeLa cells at low nanomolar concentration. In mouse xenograft studies, oral administration of PTC-510 results in marked reduction of intratumor VEGF production and single agent control of tumor growth without any evident toxicity. Here, we show that selective suppression of stress-induced VEGF production within tumor cells effectively controls tumor growth. Therefore, this approach may minimize the liabilities of current global anti-VEGF therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangxian Cao
- PTC Therapeutics, Inc., South Plainfield, New Jersey, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Marla Weetall
- PTC Therapeutics, Inc., South Plainfield, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Jenelle Bombard
- PTC Therapeutics, Inc., South Plainfield, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Hongyan Qi
- PTC Therapeutics, Inc., South Plainfield, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Tamil Arasu
- PTC Therapeutics, Inc., South Plainfield, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - William Lennox
- PTC Therapeutics, Inc., South Plainfield, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Jean Hedrick
- PTC Therapeutics, Inc., South Plainfield, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Josephine Sheedy
- PTC Therapeutics, Inc., South Plainfield, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Nicole Risher
- PTC Therapeutics, Inc., South Plainfield, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Peter C. Brooks
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Center for Molecular Medicine, Scarborough, Maine, United States of America
| | - Panayiota Trifillis
- PTC Therapeutics, Inc., South Plainfield, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Christopher Trotta
- PTC Therapeutics, Inc., South Plainfield, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Young-Choon Moon
- PTC Therapeutics, Inc., South Plainfield, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - John Babiak
- PTC Therapeutics, Inc., South Plainfield, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Neil G. Almstead
- PTC Therapeutics, Inc., South Plainfield, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Joseph M. Colacino
- PTC Therapeutics, Inc., South Plainfield, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Thomas W. Davis
- PTC Therapeutics, Inc., South Plainfield, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Stuart W. Peltz
- PTC Therapeutics, Inc., South Plainfield, New Jersey, United States of America
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Brief Report: A Phase 1b/Pharmacokinetic Trial of PTC299, a Novel PostTranscriptional VEGF Inhibitor, for AIDS-Related Kaposi's Sarcoma: AIDS Malignancy Consortium Trial 059. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2016; 72:52-7. [PMID: 26689971 DOI: 10.1097/qai.0000000000000918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays an important role in Kaposi's sarcoma (KS). We administered PTC299, a post-transcriptional inhibitor of pathogenic VEGF, to persons with HIV-related KS. Seventeen participants received 3 different doses of PTC299. Adverse events typically observed with VEGF inhibition were absent. Three participants had partial tumor responses and 11 had stable disease. There were no differences in exposure to PTC299 by antiretroviral regimen. Serum VEGF, but not KS-associated herpesvirus DNA, decreased on treatment. Given redundancies in the VEGF feedback loop, future trials should consider combining PTC299 with agents that inhibit different pathways implicated in KS and KS-associated herpesvirus proliferation.
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Walters B, Thompson SR. Cap-Independent Translational Control of Carcinogenesis. Front Oncol 2016; 6:128. [PMID: 27252909 PMCID: PMC4879784 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2016.00128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Translational regulation has been shown to play an important role in cancer and tumor progression. Despite this fact, the role of translational control in cancer is an understudied and under appreciated field, most likely due to the technological hurdles and paucity of methods available to establish that changes in protein levels are due to translational regulation. Tumors are subjected to many adverse stress conditions such as hypoxia or starvation. Under stress conditions, translation is globally downregulated through several different pathways in order to conserve energy and nutrients. Many of the proteins that are synthesized during stress in order to cope with the stress use a non-canonical or cap-independent mechanism of initiation. Tumor cells have utilized these alternative mechanisms of translation initiation to promote survival during tumor progression. This review will specifically discuss the role of cap-independent translation initiation, which relies on an internal ribosome entry site (IRES) to recruit the ribosomal subunits internally to the messenger RNA. We will provide an overview of the role of IRES-mediated translation in cancer by discussing the types of genes that use IRESs and the conditions under which these mechanisms of initiation are used. We will specifically focus on three well-studied examples: Apaf-1, p53, and c-Jun, where IRES-mediated translation has been demonstrated to play an important role in tumorigenesis or tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth Walters
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, AL , USA
| | - Sunnie R Thompson
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, AL , USA
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36
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Warner AH, Guo ZH, Moshi S, Hudson JW, Kozarova A. Study of model systems to test the potential function of Artemia group 1 late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins. Cell Stress Chaperones 2016; 21:139-154. [PMID: 26462928 PMCID: PMC4679747 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-015-0647-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Embryos of the brine shrimp, Artemia franciscana, are genetically programmed to develop either ovoviparously or oviparously depending on environmental conditions. Shortly upon their release from the female, oviparous embryos enter diapause during which time they undergo major metabolic rate depression while simultaneously synthesize proteins that permit them to tolerate a wide range of stressful environmental events including prolonged periods of desiccation, freezing, and anoxia. Among the known stress-related proteins that accumulate in embryos entering diapause are the late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins. This large group of intrinsically disordered proteins has been proposed to act as molecular shields or chaperones of macromolecules which are otherwise intolerant to harsh conditions associated with diapause. In this research, we used two model systems to study the potential function of the group 1 LEA proteins from Artemia. Expression of the Artemia group 1 gene (AfrLEA-1) in Escherichia coli inhibited growth in proportion to the number of 20-mer amino acid motifs expressed. As well, clones of E. coli, transformed with the AfrLEA-1 gene, expressed multiple bands of LEA proteins, either intrinsically or upon induction with isopropyl-β-thiogalactoside (IPTG), in a vector-specific manner. Expression of AfrLEA-1 in E. coli did not overcome the inhibitory effects of high concentrations of NaCl and KCl but modulated growth inhibition resulting from high concentrations of sorbitol in the growth medium. In contrast, expression of the AfrLEA-1 gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae did not alter the growth kinetics or permit yeast to tolerate high concentrations of NaCl, KCl, or sorbitol. However, expression of AfrLEA-1 in yeast improved its tolerance to drying (desiccation) and freezing. Under our experimental conditions, both E. coli and S. cerevisiae appear to be potentially suitable hosts to study the function of Artemia group 1 LEA proteins under environmentally stressful conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alden H Warner
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, N9B 3P4, Canada.
| | - Zhi-Hao Guo
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Sandra Moshi
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - John W Hudson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Anna Kozarova
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, N9B 3P4, Canada
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Role of miR-497 in VEGF-A-mediated cancer cell growth and invasion in non-small cell lung cancer. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2016; 70:118-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2015.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Revised: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Cammas A, Dubrac A, Morel B, Lamaa A, Touriol C, Teulade-Fichou MP, Prats H, Millevoi S. Stabilization of the G-quadruplex at the VEGF IRES represses cap-independent translation. RNA Biol 2015; 12:320-9. [PMID: 25826664 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2015.1017236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The activation of translation contributes to malignant transformation and is an emerging target for cancer therapies. RNA G-quadruplex structures are general inhibitors of cap-dependent mRNA translation and were recently shown to be targeted for oncoprotein translational activation. In contrast however, the G-quadruplex within the 5'UTR of the human vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF) has been shown to be essential for IRES-mediated translation. Since VEGF has a pivotal role in tumor angiogenesis and is a major target of anti-tumoral therapies, we investigated the structure/function relationship of the VEGF G-quadruplex and defined whether it could have a therapeutic potential. We found that the G-quadruplex within the VEGF IRES is dispensable for cap-independent function and activation in stress conditions. However, stabilization of the VEGF G-quadruplex by increasing the G-stretches length or by replacing it with the one of NRAS results in strong inhibition of IRES-mediated translation of VEGF. We also demonstrate that G-quadruplex ligands stabilize the VEGF G-quadruplex and inhibit cap-independent translation in vitro. Importantly, the amount of human VEGF mRNA associated with polysomes decreases in the presence of a highly selective stabilizing G-quadruplex ligand, resulting in reduced VEGF protein expression. Together, our results uncover the existence of functionally silent G-quadruplex structures that are susceptible to conversion into efficient repressors of cap-independent mRNA translation. These findings have implications for the in vivo applications of G-quadruplex-targeting compounds and for anti-angiogenic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Cammas
- a Inserm UMR 1037- University of Toulouse III; Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT) ; Toulouse, France
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Metzger CS, Koutsimpelas D, Brieger J. Transcriptional regulation of the VEGF gene in dependence of individual genomic variations. Cytokine 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2015.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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40
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Liu F, Wang J, Fu Q, Zhang X, Wang Y, Liu J, Huang J, Lv X. VEGF-activated miR-144 regulates autophagic survival of prostate cancer cells against Cisplatin. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:10.1007/s13277-015-4383-1. [PMID: 26566625 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4383-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin is a commonly used chemotherapy drug for prostate cancer (PC). However, some PCs are resistant to cisplatin treatment, while the molecular mechanisms underlying the resistance of PCs to cisplatin are not completely understood. In this study, we found that cisplatin dose-dependently activated Beclin-1 in two PC cell lines, PC3 and LNCap. Autophagy suppression significantly increased the cisplatin-induced cell death of these PC cells in a CCK-8 assay. Moreover, microRNA (miR)-144 levels were significantly downregulated in cisplatin-treated PC cells, in a VEGF-dependent manner. Bioinformatics analysis showed that miR-144 targeted the 3'-UTR of Beclin-1 mRNA to inhibit its translation, which was confirmed by luciferase reporter assay. In PC patients after cisplatin treatment, low miR-144 levels appeared to predict poor outcome of patients' survival. Together, these data suggest that cisplatin may induce VEGF to suppress miR-144 levels in PC cells, which subsequently upregulates Beclin-1 to increase autophagic cell survival against cisplatin-induced cell death. Upregulation of miR-144 or suppression of cell autophagy may improve the outcome of cisplatin therapy in PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Liu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital, Shanghai, 201499, China
| | - Jihong Wang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated the Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China.
| | - Qiang Fu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated the Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Xinru Zhang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated the Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai the Fifth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jialin Liu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianwen Huang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated the Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Xiangguo Lv
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated the Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
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41
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Vaklavas C, Meng Z, Choi H, Grizzle WE, Zinn KR, Blume SW. Small molecule inhibitors of IRES-mediated translation. Cancer Biol Ther 2015; 16:1471-85. [PMID: 26177060 PMCID: PMC4846101 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2015.1071729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Many genes controlling cell proliferation and survival (those most important to cancer biology) are now known to be regulated specifically at the translational (RNA to protein) level. The internal ribosome entry site (IRES) provides a mechanism by which the translational efficiency of an individual or group of mRNAs can be regulated independently of the global controls on general protein synthesis. IRES-mediated translation has been implicated as a significant contributor to the malignant phenotype and chemoresistance, however there has been no effective means by which to interfere with this specialized mode of protein synthesis. A cell-based empirical high-throughput screen was performed in attempt to identify compounds capable of selectively inhibiting translation mediated through the IGF1R IRES. Results obtained using the bicistronic reporter system demonstrate selective inhibition of second cistron translation (IRES-dependent). The lead compound and its structural analogs completely block de novo IGF1R protein synthesis in genetically-unmodified cells, confirming activity against the endogenous IRES. Spectrum of activity extends beyond IGF1R to include the c-myc IRES. The small molecule IRES inhibitor differentially modulates synthesis of the oncogenic (p64) and growth-inhibitory (p67) isoforms of Myc, suggesting that the IRES controls not only translational efficiency, but also choice of initiation codon. Sustained IRES inhibition has profound, detrimental effects on human tumor cells, inducing massive (>99%) cell death and complete loss of clonogenic survival in models of triple-negative breast cancer. The results begin to reveal new insights into the inherent complexity of gene-specific translational regulation, and the importance of IRES-mediated translation to tumor cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos Vaklavas
- a Comprehensive Cancer Center; University of Alabama at Birmingham ; Birmingham , AL USA.,b Department of Medicine , Division of Hematology / Oncology; University of Alabama at Birmingham ; Birmingham , AL USA
| | - Zheng Meng
- c Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics; University of Alabama at Birmingham ; Birmingham , AL USA.,d Current address: Analytical Development Department; Novavax Inc. ; Gaithersburg , MD USA
| | - Hyoungsoo Choi
- a Comprehensive Cancer Center; University of Alabama at Birmingham ; Birmingham , AL USA.,b Department of Medicine , Division of Hematology / Oncology; University of Alabama at Birmingham ; Birmingham , AL USA.,e Current address: Department of Pediatrics; Seoul National University Bundang Hospital; Gyeonggi-do , Korea
| | - William E Grizzle
- a Comprehensive Cancer Center; University of Alabama at Birmingham ; Birmingham , AL USA.,f Department of Pathology; University of Alabama at Birmingham ; Birmingham , AL USA
| | - Kurt R Zinn
- a Comprehensive Cancer Center; University of Alabama at Birmingham ; Birmingham , AL USA.,b Department of Medicine , Division of Hematology / Oncology; University of Alabama at Birmingham ; Birmingham , AL USA.,f Department of Pathology; University of Alabama at Birmingham ; Birmingham , AL USA
| | - Scott W Blume
- a Comprehensive Cancer Center; University of Alabama at Birmingham ; Birmingham , AL USA.,b Department of Medicine , Division of Hematology / Oncology; University of Alabama at Birmingham ; Birmingham , AL USA.,c Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics; University of Alabama at Birmingham ; Birmingham , AL USA
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42
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de Brot S, Ntekim A, Cardenas R, James V, Allegrucci C, Heery DM, Bates DO, Ødum N, Persson JL, Mongan NP. Regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor in prostate cancer. Endocr Relat Cancer 2015; 22:R107-23. [PMID: 25870249 DOI: 10.1530/erc-15-0123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common malignancy affecting men in the western world. Although radical prostatectomy and radiation therapy can successfully treat PCa in the majority of patients, up to ~30% will experience local recurrence or metastatic disease. Prostate carcinogenesis and progression is typically an androgen-dependent process. For this reason, therapies for recurrent PCa target androgen biosynthesis and androgen receptor function. Such androgen deprivation therapies (ADT) are effective initially, but the duration of response is typically ≤24 months. Although ADT and taxane-based chemotherapy have delivered survival benefits, metastatic PCa remains incurable. Therefore, it is essential to establish the cellular and molecular mechanisms that enable localized PCas to invade and disseminate. It has long been accepted that metastases require angiogenesis. In the present review, we examine the essential role for angiogenesis in PCa metastases, and we focus in particular on the current understanding of the regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in localized and metastatic PCa. We highlight recent advances in understanding the role of VEGF in regulating the interaction of cancer cells with tumor-associated immune cells during the metastatic process of PCa. We summarize the established mechanisms of transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of VEGF in PCa cells and outline the molecular insights obtained from preclinical animal models of PCa. Finally, we summarize the current state of anti-angiogenesis therapies for PCa and consider how existing therapies impact VEGF signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone de Brot
- Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesSchool of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Nottingham LE12 5RD, UKDepartment of PharmacologySchool of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UKCancer BiologyDivision of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UKDepartment of International HealthImmunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DenmarkClinical Research CenterLund University, Malmö, SwedenDepartment of PharmacologyWeill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Atara Ntekim
- Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesSchool of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Nottingham LE12 5RD, UKDepartment of PharmacologySchool of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UKCancer BiologyDivision of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UKDepartment of International HealthImmunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DenmarkClinical Research CenterLund University, Malmö, SwedenDepartment of PharmacologyWeill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Ryan Cardenas
- Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesSchool of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Nottingham LE12 5RD, UKDepartment of PharmacologySchool of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UKCancer BiologyDivision of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UKDepartment of International HealthImmunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DenmarkClinical Research CenterLund University, Malmö, SwedenDepartment of PharmacologyWeill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Victoria James
- Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesSchool of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Nottingham LE12 5RD, UKDepartment of PharmacologySchool of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UKCancer BiologyDivision of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UKDepartment of International HealthImmunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DenmarkClinical Research CenterLund University, Malmö, SwedenDepartment of PharmacologyWeill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Cinzia Allegrucci
- Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesSchool of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Nottingham LE12 5RD, UKDepartment of PharmacologySchool of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UKCancer BiologyDivision of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UKDepartment of International HealthImmunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DenmarkClinical Research CenterLund University, Malmö, SwedenDepartment of PharmacologyWeill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - David M Heery
- Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesSchool of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Nottingham LE12 5RD, UKDepartment of PharmacologySchool of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UKCancer BiologyDivision of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UKDepartment of International HealthImmunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DenmarkClinical Research CenterLund University, Malmö, SwedenDepartment of PharmacologyWeill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - David O Bates
- Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesSchool of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Nottingham LE12 5RD, UKDepartment of PharmacologySchool of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UKCancer BiologyDivision of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UKDepartment of International HealthImmunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DenmarkClinical Research CenterLund University, Malmö, SwedenDepartment of PharmacologyWeill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Niels Ødum
- Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesSchool of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Nottingham LE12 5RD, UKDepartment of PharmacologySchool of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UKCancer BiologyDivision of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UKDepartment of International HealthImmunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DenmarkClinical Research CenterLund University, Malmö, SwedenDepartment of PharmacologyWeill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Jenny L Persson
- Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesSchool of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Nottingham LE12 5RD, UKDepartment of PharmacologySchool of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UKCancer BiologyDivision of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UKDepartment of International HealthImmunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DenmarkClinical Research CenterLund University, Malmö, SwedenDepartment of PharmacologyWeill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Nigel P Mongan
- Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesSchool of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Nottingham LE12 5RD, UKDepartment of PharmacologySchool of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UKCancer BiologyDivision of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UKDepartment of International HealthImmunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DenmarkClinical Research CenterLund University, Malmö, SwedenDepartment of PharmacologyWeill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065, USA Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesSchool of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Nottingham LE12 5RD, UKDepartment of PharmacologySchool of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UKCancer BiologyDivision of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UKDepartment of International HealthImmunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DenmarkClinical Research CenterLund University, Malmö, SwedenDepartment of PharmacologyWeill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065, USA
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Morfoisse F, Renaud E, Hantelys F, Prats AC, Garmy-Susini B. Role of hypoxia and vascular endothelial growth factors in lymphangiogenesis. Mol Cell Oncol 2015; 2:e1024821. [PMID: 27308508 PMCID: PMC4905355 DOI: 10.1080/23723556.2015.1024821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Revised: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia is a major condition for the induction of angiogenesis during tumor development but its role in lymphangiogenesis remains unclear. Blood and lymphatic vasculatures are stimulated by growth factors from the vascular endothelial family: the VEGFs. In this review, we investigate the role of hypoxia in the molecular regulation of synthesis of lymphangiogenic growth factors VEGF-A, VEGF-C, and VEGF-D. Gene expression can be regulated at transcriptional and translational levels by hypoxia. Despite strong regulation of DNA transcription induced by hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), the majority of cellular stresses such as hypoxia lead to inhibition of cap-dependent translation of the mRNA, resulting in downregulation of protein synthesis. Here, we describe how translation initiation of VEGF mRNAs is induced by hypoxia through an internal ribosome entry site (IRES)-dependent mechanism. Considering the implication of the lymphatic vasculature in metastatic dissemination, it seems crucial to understand the hypoxia-induced molecular regulation of lymphangiogenic growth factors to obtain new insights for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Edith Renaud
- TRADGENE, UPS (EA4554) , F-31432 , Toulouse, France
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Bhattacharyya D, Diamond P, Basu S. An Independently folding RNA G-quadruplex domain directly recruits the 40S ribosomal subunit. Biochemistry 2015; 54:1879-85. [PMID: 25730526 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.5b00091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we report that a 17-nucleotide independently folding RNA G-quadruplex (GQ) domain within the 294-nucleotide human VEGF IRES A interacts with the 40S ribosomal subunit. Footprinting and structure mapping analyses indicate that the RNA GQ forms independently and interacts directly with the 40S ribosomal subunit in the absence of other protein factors. Moreover, a filter binding assay in conjunction with enzymatic footprinting clearly established that the GQ-forming domain singularly dictates the binding affinity and also the function of internal ribosomal entry site (IRES) A. The deletion of the GQ domain abrogates the binding of the 40S ribosomal subunit to the IRES, which impairs cap-independent translation initiation. The findings provide a unique and defined role for a noncanonical RNA structure in cap-independent translation initiation by cellular IRESs. The GQ structure when present in an IRES acts as an essential element in contrast to their generally accepted inhibitory role in translation. The results of this study explain the hitherto unknown mechanistic necessity of the GQ structure in IRES function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paige Diamond
- ‡Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, Drake University, Des Moines, Iowa 50311, United States
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Kapahi R, Guleria K, Sambyal V, Manjari M, Sudan M, Uppal MS, Singh NR. Association of VEGF and VEGFR1 polymorphisms with breast cancer risk in North Indians. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:4223-34. [PMID: 25604142 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3059-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of present study was to evaluate the relationship between vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) -2578C/A, -2549I/D, -460T/C and -7C/T and VEGFR1 -710C/T polymorphisms with risk to breast cancer in North Indians. A total of 204 sporadic breast cancer patients and 204 controls were recruited for this case-control study. Significantly increased frequency of II genotype of -2549I/D polymorphism was observed in patients as compared to control individuals (odds ratio (OR) = 2.76, 95 % confidence interval (CI), 1.55-4.92; p = 0.0005). VEGF -2578AA genotype (OR = 2.87; 95 % CI, 1.61-5.10; p = 0.0003) and A allele (OR = 1.65, 95 % CI, 1.25-2.18; p = 0.0004) were found to be associated with increased risk for breast cancer. Individuals carrying CC genotype (OR = 2.23, 95 % CI, 1.25-3.97) and C allele (OR = 1.42, 95 % CI, 1.07-1.87) of VEGF -460T/C polymorphism were at higher risk of breast cancer. There was no significant difference in genotype and allele distribution of VEGF -7C/T and VEGFR1 -710C/T polymorphisms between cases and control individuals (p > 0.05). Linkage disequilibrium analysis showed a strong linkage between VEGF -2549I/D and -2578C/A polymorphisms (Lewontin's [Formula: see text] = 0.99; r (2) = 0.97), -2549I/D and -460T/C ([Formula: see text] = 0.94; r (2) = 0.84), and -2578C/A and -460T/C polymorphisms ([Formula: see text] = 0.93; r (2) = 0.83). In the present study, we concluded that VEGF -2549I/D, -2578C/A and -460T/C polymorphisms are associated with risk to breast cancer in Punjab, North India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruhi Kapahi
- Human Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, Punjab, India
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Dennis MD, Kimball SR, Fort PE, Jefferson LS. Regulated in development and DNA damage 1 is necessary for hyperglycemia-induced vascular endothelial growth factor expression in the retina of diabetic rodents. J Biol Chem 2014; 290:3865-74. [PMID: 25548280 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.623058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is considered a major role player in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy, yet the mechanisms regulating its expression are not fully understood. Our laboratory previously demonstrated that diabetes-induced VEGF expression in the retina was dependent on the repressor of mRNA translation 4E-BP1. Interaction of 4E-BP1 with the cap-binding protein eIF4E regulates protein expression by controlling the selection of mRNAs for translation. The process is regulated by the master kinase mTOR in complex 1 (mTORC1), which phosphorylates 4E-BP1, thus promoting its disassociation from eIF4E. In the present study, we investigated the role of the Akt/mTORC1 repressor REDD1 (regulated in development and DNA damage) in diabetes-induced VEGF expression. REDD1 expression was induced by hyperglycemia in the retina of diabetic rodents and by hyperglycemic conditions in Müller cells concomitant with increased VEGF expression. In Müller cells, hyperglycemic conditions attenuated global rates of protein synthesis and cap-dependent mRNA translation concomitant with up-regulated cap-independent VEGF mRNA translation, as assessed by a bicistronic luciferase reporter assay. Hyperglycemic conditions also attenuated mTORC1 signaling and enhanced 4E-BP1 binding to eIF4E. Furthermore, ectopic expression of REDD1 in Müller cells was sufficient to promote both increased 4E-BP1 binding to eIF4E and VEGF expression. Whereas the retina of wild-type mice exhibited increased expression of VEGF and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) 4 weeks after streptozotocin administration, the retina of REDD1 knock-out mice failed to do so. Overall, the results demonstrate that REDD1 contributes to the pathogenesis of diabetes in the retina by mediating the pathogenic effects of hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Dennis
- From the Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033 and
| | - Scot R Kimball
- From the Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033 and
| | - Patrice E Fort
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105
| | - Leonard S Jefferson
- From the Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033 and
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47
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Phase I and pharmacokinetic trial of PTC299 in pediatric patients with refractory or recurrent central nervous system tumors: a PBTC study. J Neurooncol 2014; 121:217-24. [PMID: 25407389 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-014-1665-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2013] [Accepted: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
PTC299 is a novel, orally-bioavailable small molecule that selectively inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor receptor protein synthesis at the post-transcriptional level. Based on promising preclinical results, we conducted a pediatric phase I study to estimate the maximum tolerated dose, describe dose-limiting toxicities (DLT) and characterize the pharmacokinetic profile of PTC299 in children with recurrent CNS tumors. PTC299 was administered orally twice or three times daily, depending on the regimen. Four regimens were evaluated using the rolling 6 design, starting with 1.2 mg/kg/dose twice daily and escalating to 2 mg/kg/dose three times daily. Pharmacokinetic studies were performed during the first two courses. Twenty-seven children (14 male, median age 11.2, range 5.5-21 years) with recurrent brain tumors were treated; 21 were fully evaluable for toxicity assessment. Therapy was well-tolerated, and the only DLT was grade 3 hyponatremia. Grade three and grade four toxicities were uncommon in subsequent cycles. Median AUC0-Tlast values at the 2 mg/kg were similar to those observed in adults. The study was terminated while patients were being treated at the highest planned dose, due to hepatotoxicity encountered in the ongoing adult phase I studies. No complete or partial responses were observed. Two patients with low-grade gliomas were noted to have minor responses, and at the time of the study's closure, 5 children with low-grade gliomas had been on therapy for 8 or more courses (range 8-16). PTC299 was well-tolerated at the highest dose level tested (2 mg/kg/dose TID) in children with recurrent brain tumors and prolonged disease stabilization was seen in children with low-grade gliomas.
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48
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Morfoisse F, Renaud E, Hantelys F, Prats AC, Garmy-Susini B. Role of hypoxia and vascular endothelial growth factors in lymphangiogenesis. Mol Cell Oncol 2014; 1:e29907. [PMID: 27308316 PMCID: PMC4905169 DOI: 10.4161/mco.29907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2014] [Revised: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia is known to be a major factor in the induction of angiogenesis during tumor development but its role in lymphangiogenesis remains unclear. Blood and lymphatic vasculatures are stimulated by the vascular endothelial family of growth factors – the VEGFs. In this review, we investigate the role of hypoxia in the molecular regulation of synthesis of the lymphangiogenic growth factors VEGF-A, VEGF-C, and VEGF-D. Gene expression can be regulated by hypoxia at either transcriptional or translational levels. In contrast to strong induction of DNA transcription by hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), the majority of cellular stresses such as hypoxia lead to inhibition of cap-dependent translation of mRNA and downregulation of protein synthesis. Here, we describe how initiation of translation of VEGF mRNA is induced by hypoxia through an internal ribosome entry site (IRES)-dependent mechanism. Considering the implications of the lymphatic vasculature for metastatic dissemination, it is crucial to understand the molecular regulation of lymphangiogenic growth factors by hypoxia to obtain new insights into cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florent Morfoisse
- Université de Toulouse; UPS; Toulouse, France; UPS; TRADGENE; EA4554; Toulouse, France
| | - Edith Renaud
- Université de Toulouse; UPS; Toulouse, France; UPS; TRADGENE; EA4554; Toulouse, France
| | - Fransky Hantelys
- Université de Toulouse; UPS; Toulouse, France; UPS; TRADGENE; EA4554; Toulouse, France
| | - Anne-Catherine Prats
- Université de Toulouse; UPS; Toulouse, France; UPS; TRADGENE; EA4554; Toulouse, France
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Lien IC, Horng LY, Hsu PL, Wu CL, Sung HC, Wu RT. Internal ribosome entry site of bFGF is the target of thalidomide for IMiDs development in multiple myeloma. Genes Cancer 2014; 5:127-41. [PMID: 25053990 PMCID: PMC4091528 DOI: 10.18632/genesandcancer.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Although new analogues of immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs) are being developed for MM, the molecular mechanism of these drugs remains unclear. In the current study, we used MM cell lines as a model to investigate the molecular mechanism of thalidomide and to compare its potency with IMiDs such as pomalidomide. We determined that thalidomide did not inhibit cell proliferation of RPMI8226 and U266 MM cells, whereas pomalidomide showed a significant inhibitory effect on these two MM cell lines. Interestingly, we further demonstrated that although thalidomide down-regulated bFGF translation through the inhibition of IRES even at 0.1 μg/ml, pomalidomide did not have a similar affect bFGF levels. A colony formation assay demonstrated that thalidomide and the bFGF knock-down clones caused a significant reduction in the clonogenic ability of MM cells, and treatment with exogenous bFGF can recover the clonogenic ability of thalidomide-treated cells and knock-down clones, but not that of pomalidomide-treated cells. This implies that thalidomide, but not pomalidomide, targets the IRES of FGF-2. In conclusion, our results highlight a non-cytotoxic anticancer drug target for thalidomide, the IRES of bFGF, and provide the mechanistic rationale for developing IMiDs as anti-cancer therapeutics in MM patients, with improved potency and fewer side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Chia Lien
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, ROC (Taiwan)
| | - Lin-Yea Horng
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, ROC (Taiwan) ; Research Centre for Drug Discovery, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, ROC (Taiwan)
| | - Pei-Lun Hsu
- Research Centre for Drug Discovery, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, ROC (Taiwan)
| | - Chia-Ling Wu
- Research Centre for Drug Discovery, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, ROC (Taiwan)
| | - Hui-Ching Sung
- Research Centre for Drug Discovery, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, ROC (Taiwan)
| | - Rong-Tsun Wu
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, ROC (Taiwan) ; Research Centre for Drug Discovery, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, ROC (Taiwan)
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50
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León K, Boulo T, Musnier A, Morales J, Gauthier C, Dupuy L, Heyne S, Backofen R, Poupon A, Cormier P, Reiter E, Crepieux P. Activation of a GPCR leads to eIF4G phosphorylation at the 5' cap and to IRES-dependent translation. J Mol Endocrinol 2014; 52:373-82. [PMID: 24711644 DOI: 10.1530/jme-14-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The control of mRNA translation has been mainly explored in response to activated tyrosine kinase receptors. In contrast, mechanistic details on the translational machinery are far less available in the case of ligand-bound G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). In this study, using the FSH receptor (FSH-R) as a model receptor, we demonstrate that part of the translational regulations occurs by phosphorylation of the translation pre-initiation complex scaffold protein, eukaryotic initiation factor 4G (eIF4G), in HEK293 cells stably expressing the FSH-R. This phosphorylation event occurred when eIF4G was bound to the mRNA 5' cap, and probably involves mammalian target of rapamycin. This regulation might contribute to cap-dependent translation in response to FSH. The cap-binding protein eIF4E also had its phosphorylation level enhanced upon FSH stimulation. We also show that FSH-induced signaling not only led to cap-dependent translation but also to internal ribosome entry site (IRES)-dependent translation of some mRNA. These data add detailed information on the molecular bases underlying the regulation of selective mRNA translation by a GPCR, and a topological model recapitulating these mechanisms is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly León
- UMR85Unité Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, FranceGroup «Biology and Bioinformatics of Signaling Systems (BIOS)»CNRS, UMR7247, F-37380 Nouzilly, FranceUniversité François RabelaisF-37041 Tours, FranceIFCEF-37380 Nouzilly, FranceUniversité Pierre et Marie CurieUniversity of Paris VI, CNRS, UMR 7150 Mer et Santé, Equipe Traduction, Cycle Cellulaire, et Développement, Station Biologique de Roscoff, F-29239 Roscoff, FranceUniversité Européenne de BretagneF-29239 Roscoff, FranceBioinformatics GroupDepartment of Computer Science, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, GermanyUMR85Unité Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, FranceGroup «Biology and Bioinformatics of Signaling Systems (BIOS)»CNRS, UMR7247, F-37380 Nouzilly, FranceUniversité François RabelaisF-37041 Tours, FranceIFCEF-37380 Nouzilly, FranceUniversité Pierre et Marie CurieUniversity of Paris VI, CNRS, UMR 7150 Mer et Santé, Equipe Traduction, Cycle Cellulaire, et Développement, Station Biologique de Roscoff, F-29239 Roscoff, FranceUniversité Européenne de BretagneF-29239 Roscoff, FranceBioinformatics GroupDepartment of Computer Science, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, GermanyUMR85Unité Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, FranceGroup «Biology and Bioinformatics of Signaling Systems (BIOS)»CNRS, UMR7247, F-37380 Nouzilly, FranceUniversité François RabelaisF-37041 Tours, FranceIFCEF-37380 Nouzilly, FranceUniversité Pierre et Marie CurieUniversity of Paris VI, CNRS, UMR 7150 Mer et Santé, Equipe Traduction, Cycle Cellulaire, et Développement, Station Biologique de Roscoff, F-29239 Roscoff, FranceUniversité Européenne de BretagneF-29239 Roscoff, FranceBioinformatics GroupDepartment of Computer Science, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, GermanyUMR85Unité Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, FranceGroup «Biology and Bioinformatics of Signaling System
| | - Thomas Boulo
- UMR85Unité Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, FranceGroup «Biology and Bioinformatics of Signaling Systems (BIOS)»CNRS, UMR7247, F-37380 Nouzilly, FranceUniversité François RabelaisF-37041 Tours, FranceIFCEF-37380 Nouzilly, FranceUniversité Pierre et Marie CurieUniversity of Paris VI, CNRS, UMR 7150 Mer et Santé, Equipe Traduction, Cycle Cellulaire, et Développement, Station Biologique de Roscoff, F-29239 Roscoff, FranceUniversité Européenne de BretagneF-29239 Roscoff, FranceBioinformatics GroupDepartment of Computer Science, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, GermanyUMR85Unité Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, FranceGroup «Biology and Bioinformatics of Signaling Systems (BIOS)»CNRS, UMR7247, F-37380 Nouzilly, FranceUniversité François RabelaisF-37041 Tours, FranceIFCEF-37380 Nouzilly, FranceUniversité Pierre et Marie CurieUniversity of Paris VI, CNRS, UMR 7150 Mer et Santé, Equipe Traduction, Cycle Cellulaire, et Développement, Station Biologique de Roscoff, F-29239 Roscoff, FranceUniversité Européenne de BretagneF-29239 Roscoff, FranceBioinformatics GroupDepartment of Computer Science, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, GermanyUMR85Unité Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, FranceGroup «Biology and Bioinformatics of Signaling Systems (BIOS)»CNRS, UMR7247, F-37380 Nouzilly, FranceUniversité François RabelaisF-37041 Tours, FranceIFCEF-37380 Nouzilly, FranceUniversité Pierre et Marie CurieUniversity of Paris VI, CNRS, UMR 7150 Mer et Santé, Equipe Traduction, Cycle Cellulaire, et Développement, Station Biologique de Roscoff, F-29239 Roscoff, FranceUniversité Européenne de BretagneF-29239 Roscoff, FranceBioinformatics GroupDepartment of Computer Science, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, GermanyUMR85Unité Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, FranceGroup «Biology and Bioinformatics of Signaling System
| | - Astrid Musnier
- UMR85Unité Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, FranceGroup «Biology and Bioinformatics of Signaling Systems (BIOS)»CNRS, UMR7247, F-37380 Nouzilly, FranceUniversité François RabelaisF-37041 Tours, FranceIFCEF-37380 Nouzilly, FranceUniversité Pierre et Marie CurieUniversity of Paris VI, CNRS, UMR 7150 Mer et Santé, Equipe Traduction, Cycle Cellulaire, et Développement, Station Biologique de Roscoff, F-29239 Roscoff, FranceUniversité Européenne de BretagneF-29239 Roscoff, FranceBioinformatics GroupDepartment of Computer Science, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, GermanyUMR85Unité Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, FranceGroup «Biology and Bioinformatics of Signaling Systems (BIOS)»CNRS, UMR7247, F-37380 Nouzilly, FranceUniversité François RabelaisF-37041 Tours, FranceIFCEF-37380 Nouzilly, FranceUniversité Pierre et Marie CurieUniversity of Paris VI, CNRS, UMR 7150 Mer et Santé, Equipe Traduction, Cycle Cellulaire, et Développement, Station Biologique de Roscoff, F-29239 Roscoff, FranceUniversité Européenne de BretagneF-29239 Roscoff, FranceBioinformatics GroupDepartment of Computer Science, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, GermanyUMR85Unité Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, FranceGroup «Biology and Bioinformatics of Signaling Systems (BIOS)»CNRS, UMR7247, F-37380 Nouzilly, FranceUniversité François RabelaisF-37041 Tours, FranceIFCEF-37380 Nouzilly, FranceUniversité Pierre et Marie CurieUniversity of Paris VI, CNRS, UMR 7150 Mer et Santé, Equipe Traduction, Cycle Cellulaire, et Développement, Station Biologique de Roscoff, F-29239 Roscoff, FranceUniversité Européenne de BretagneF-29239 Roscoff, FranceBioinformatics GroupDepartment of Computer Science, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, GermanyUMR85Unité Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, FranceGroup «Biology and Bioinformatics of Signaling System
| | - Julia Morales
- UMR85Unité Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, FranceGroup «Biology and Bioinformatics of Signaling Systems (BIOS)»CNRS, UMR7247, F-37380 Nouzilly, FranceUniversité François RabelaisF-37041 Tours, FranceIFCEF-37380 Nouzilly, FranceUniversité Pierre et Marie CurieUniversity of Paris VI, CNRS, UMR 7150 Mer et Santé, Equipe Traduction, Cycle Cellulaire, et Développement, Station Biologique de Roscoff, F-29239 Roscoff, FranceUniversité Européenne de BretagneF-29239 Roscoff, FranceBioinformatics GroupDepartment of Computer Science, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, GermanyUMR85Unité Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, FranceGroup «Biology and Bioinformatics of Signaling Systems (BIOS)»CNRS, UMR7247, F-37380 Nouzilly, FranceUniversité François RabelaisF-37041 Tours, FranceIFCEF-37380 Nouzilly, FranceUniversité Pierre et Marie CurieUniversity of Paris VI, CNRS, UMR 7150 Mer et Santé, Equipe Traduction, Cycle Cellulaire, et Développement, Station Biologique de Roscoff, F-29239 Roscoff, FranceUniversité Européenne de BretagneF-29239 Roscoff, FranceBioinformatics GroupDepartment of Computer Science, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christophe Gauthier
- UMR85Unité Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, FranceGroup «Biology and Bioinformatics of Signaling Systems (BIOS)»CNRS, UMR7247, F-37380 Nouzilly, FranceUniversité François RabelaisF-37041 Tours, FranceIFCEF-37380 Nouzilly, FranceUniversité Pierre et Marie CurieUniversity of Paris VI, CNRS, UMR 7150 Mer et Santé, Equipe Traduction, Cycle Cellulaire, et Développement, Station Biologique de Roscoff, F-29239 Roscoff, FranceUniversité Européenne de BretagneF-29239 Roscoff, FranceBioinformatics GroupDepartment of Computer Science, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, GermanyUMR85Unité Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, FranceGroup «Biology and Bioinformatics of Signaling Systems (BIOS)»CNRS, UMR7247, F-37380 Nouzilly, FranceUniversité François RabelaisF-37041 Tours, FranceIFCEF-37380 Nouzilly, FranceUniversité Pierre et Marie CurieUniversity of Paris VI, CNRS, UMR 7150 Mer et Santé, Equipe Traduction, Cycle Cellulaire, et Développement, Station Biologique de Roscoff, F-29239 Roscoff, FranceUniversité Européenne de BretagneF-29239 Roscoff, FranceBioinformatics GroupDepartment of Computer Science, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, GermanyUMR85Unité Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, FranceGroup «Biology and Bioinformatics of Signaling Systems (BIOS)»CNRS, UMR7247, F-37380 Nouzilly, FranceUniversité François RabelaisF-37041 Tours, FranceIFCEF-37380 Nouzilly, FranceUniversité Pierre et Marie CurieUniversity of Paris VI, CNRS, UMR 7150 Mer et Santé, Equipe Traduction, Cycle Cellulaire, et Développement, Station Biologique de Roscoff, F-29239 Roscoff, FranceUniversité Européenne de BretagneF-29239 Roscoff, FranceBioinformatics GroupDepartment of Computer Science, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, GermanyUMR85Unité Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, FranceGroup «Biology and Bioinformatics of Signaling System
| | - Laurence Dupuy
- UMR85Unité Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, FranceGroup «Biology and Bioinformatics of Signaling Systems (BIOS)»CNRS, UMR7247, F-37380 Nouzilly, FranceUniversité François RabelaisF-37041 Tours, FranceIFCEF-37380 Nouzilly, FranceUniversité Pierre et Marie CurieUniversity of Paris VI, CNRS, UMR 7150 Mer et Santé, Equipe Traduction, Cycle Cellulaire, et Développement, Station Biologique de Roscoff, F-29239 Roscoff, FranceUniversité Européenne de BretagneF-29239 Roscoff, FranceBioinformatics GroupDepartment of Computer Science, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, GermanyUMR85Unité Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, FranceGroup «Biology and Bioinformatics of Signaling Systems (BIOS)»CNRS, UMR7247, F-37380 Nouzilly, FranceUniversité François RabelaisF-37041 Tours, FranceIFCEF-37380 Nouzilly, FranceUniversité Pierre et Marie CurieUniversity of Paris VI, CNRS, UMR 7150 Mer et Santé, Equipe Traduction, Cycle Cellulaire, et Développement, Station Biologique de Roscoff, F-29239 Roscoff, FranceUniversité Européenne de BretagneF-29239 Roscoff, FranceBioinformatics GroupDepartment of Computer Science, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, GermanyUMR85Unité Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, FranceGroup «Biology and Bioinformatics of Signaling Systems (BIOS)»CNRS, UMR7247, F-37380 Nouzilly, FranceUniversité François RabelaisF-37041 Tours, FranceIFCEF-37380 Nouzilly, FranceUniversité Pierre et Marie CurieUniversity of Paris VI, CNRS, UMR 7150 Mer et Santé, Equipe Traduction, Cycle Cellulaire, et Développement, Station Biologique de Roscoff, F-29239 Roscoff, FranceUniversité Européenne de BretagneF-29239 Roscoff, FranceBioinformatics GroupDepartment of Computer Science, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, GermanyUMR85Unité Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, FranceGroup «Biology and Bioinformatics of Signaling System
| | - Steffen Heyne
- UMR85Unité Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, FranceGroup «Biology and Bioinformatics of Signaling Systems (BIOS)»CNRS, UMR7247, F-37380 Nouzilly, FranceUniversité François RabelaisF-37041 Tours, FranceIFCEF-37380 Nouzilly, FranceUniversité Pierre et Marie CurieUniversity of Paris VI, CNRS, UMR 7150 Mer et Santé, Equipe Traduction, Cycle Cellulaire, et Développement, Station Biologique de Roscoff, F-29239 Roscoff, FranceUniversité Européenne de BretagneF-29239 Roscoff, FranceBioinformatics GroupDepartment of Computer Science, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Rolf Backofen
- UMR85Unité Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, FranceGroup «Biology and Bioinformatics of Signaling Systems (BIOS)»CNRS, UMR7247, F-37380 Nouzilly, FranceUniversité François RabelaisF-37041 Tours, FranceIFCEF-37380 Nouzilly, FranceUniversité Pierre et Marie CurieUniversity of Paris VI, CNRS, UMR 7150 Mer et Santé, Equipe Traduction, Cycle Cellulaire, et Développement, Station Biologique de Roscoff, F-29239 Roscoff, FranceUniversité Européenne de BretagneF-29239 Roscoff, FranceBioinformatics GroupDepartment of Computer Science, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anne Poupon
- UMR85Unité Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, FranceGroup «Biology and Bioinformatics of Signaling Systems (BIOS)»CNRS, UMR7247, F-37380 Nouzilly, FranceUniversité François RabelaisF-37041 Tours, FranceIFCEF-37380 Nouzilly, FranceUniversité Pierre et Marie CurieUniversity of Paris VI, CNRS, UMR 7150 Mer et Santé, Equipe Traduction, Cycle Cellulaire, et Développement, Station Biologique de Roscoff, F-29239 Roscoff, FranceUniversité Européenne de BretagneF-29239 Roscoff, FranceBioinformatics GroupDepartment of Computer Science, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, GermanyUMR85Unité Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, FranceGroup «Biology and Bioinformatics of Signaling Systems (BIOS)»CNRS, UMR7247, F-37380 Nouzilly, FranceUniversité François RabelaisF-37041 Tours, FranceIFCEF-37380 Nouzilly, FranceUniversité Pierre et Marie CurieUniversity of Paris VI, CNRS, UMR 7150 Mer et Santé, Equipe Traduction, Cycle Cellulaire, et Développement, Station Biologique de Roscoff, F-29239 Roscoff, FranceUniversité Européenne de BretagneF-29239 Roscoff, FranceBioinformatics GroupDepartment of Computer Science, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, GermanyUMR85Unité Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, FranceGroup «Biology and Bioinformatics of Signaling Systems (BIOS)»CNRS, UMR7247, F-37380 Nouzilly, FranceUniversité François RabelaisF-37041 Tours, FranceIFCEF-37380 Nouzilly, FranceUniversité Pierre et Marie CurieUniversity of Paris VI, CNRS, UMR 7150 Mer et Santé, Equipe Traduction, Cycle Cellulaire, et Développement, Station Biologique de Roscoff, F-29239 Roscoff, FranceUniversité Européenne de BretagneF-29239 Roscoff, FranceBioinformatics GroupDepartment of Computer Science, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, GermanyUMR85Unité Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, FranceGroup «Biology and Bioinformatics of Signaling System
| | - Patrick Cormier
- UMR85Unité Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, FranceGroup «Biology and Bioinformatics of Signaling Systems (BIOS)»CNRS, UMR7247, F-37380 Nouzilly, FranceUniversité François RabelaisF-37041 Tours, FranceIFCEF-37380 Nouzilly, FranceUniversité Pierre et Marie CurieUniversity of Paris VI, CNRS, UMR 7150 Mer et Santé, Equipe Traduction, Cycle Cellulaire, et Développement, Station Biologique de Roscoff, F-29239 Roscoff, FranceUniversité Européenne de BretagneF-29239 Roscoff, FranceBioinformatics GroupDepartment of Computer Science, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, GermanyUMR85Unité Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, FranceGroup «Biology and Bioinformatics of Signaling Systems (BIOS)»CNRS, UMR7247, F-37380 Nouzilly, FranceUniversité François RabelaisF-37041 Tours, FranceIFCEF-37380 Nouzilly, FranceUniversité Pierre et Marie CurieUniversity of Paris VI, CNRS, UMR 7150 Mer et Santé, Equipe Traduction, Cycle Cellulaire, et Développement, Station Biologique de Roscoff, F-29239 Roscoff, FranceUniversité Européenne de BretagneF-29239 Roscoff, FranceBioinformatics GroupDepartment of Computer Science, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Eric Reiter
- UMR85Unité Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, FranceGroup «Biology and Bioinformatics of Signaling Systems (BIOS)»CNRS, UMR7247, F-37380 Nouzilly, FranceUniversité François RabelaisF-37041 Tours, FranceIFCEF-37380 Nouzilly, FranceUniversité Pierre et Marie CurieUniversity of Paris VI, CNRS, UMR 7150 Mer et Santé, Equipe Traduction, Cycle Cellulaire, et Développement, Station Biologique de Roscoff, F-29239 Roscoff, FranceUniversité Européenne de BretagneF-29239 Roscoff, FranceBioinformatics GroupDepartment of Computer Science, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, GermanyUMR85Unité Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, FranceGroup «Biology and Bioinformatics of Signaling Systems (BIOS)»CNRS, UMR7247, F-37380 Nouzilly, FranceUniversité François RabelaisF-37041 Tours, FranceIFCEF-37380 Nouzilly, FranceUniversité Pierre et Marie CurieUniversity of Paris VI, CNRS, UMR 7150 Mer et Santé, Equipe Traduction, Cycle Cellulaire, et Développement, Station Biologique de Roscoff, F-29239 Roscoff, FranceUniversité Européenne de BretagneF-29239 Roscoff, FranceBioinformatics GroupDepartment of Computer Science, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, GermanyUMR85Unité Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, FranceGroup «Biology and Bioinformatics of Signaling Systems (BIOS)»CNRS, UMR7247, F-37380 Nouzilly, FranceUniversité François RabelaisF-37041 Tours, FranceIFCEF-37380 Nouzilly, FranceUniversité Pierre et Marie CurieUniversity of Paris VI, CNRS, UMR 7150 Mer et Santé, Equipe Traduction, Cycle Cellulaire, et Développement, Station Biologique de Roscoff, F-29239 Roscoff, FranceUniversité Européenne de BretagneF-29239 Roscoff, FranceBioinformatics GroupDepartment of Computer Science, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, GermanyUMR85Unité Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, FranceGroup «Biology and Bioinformatics of Signaling System
| | - Pascale Crepieux
- UMR85Unité Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, FranceGroup «Biology and Bioinformatics of Signaling Systems (BIOS)»CNRS, UMR7247, F-37380 Nouzilly, FranceUniversité François RabelaisF-37041 Tours, FranceIFCEF-37380 Nouzilly, FranceUniversité Pierre et Marie CurieUniversity of Paris VI, CNRS, UMR 7150 Mer et Santé, Equipe Traduction, Cycle Cellulaire, et Développement, Station Biologique de Roscoff, F-29239 Roscoff, FranceUniversité Européenne de BretagneF-29239 Roscoff, FranceBioinformatics GroupDepartment of Computer Science, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, GermanyUMR85Unité Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, FranceGroup «Biology and Bioinformatics of Signaling Systems (BIOS)»CNRS, UMR7247, F-37380 Nouzilly, FranceUniversité François RabelaisF-37041 Tours, FranceIFCEF-37380 Nouzilly, FranceUniversité Pierre et Marie CurieUniversity of Paris VI, CNRS, UMR 7150 Mer et Santé, Equipe Traduction, Cycle Cellulaire, et Développement, Station Biologique de Roscoff, F-29239 Roscoff, FranceUniversité Européenne de BretagneF-29239 Roscoff, FranceBioinformatics GroupDepartment of Computer Science, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, GermanyUMR85Unité Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, FranceGroup «Biology and Bioinformatics of Signaling Systems (BIOS)»CNRS, UMR7247, F-37380 Nouzilly, FranceUniversité François RabelaisF-37041 Tours, FranceIFCEF-37380 Nouzilly, FranceUniversité Pierre et Marie CurieUniversity of Paris VI, CNRS, UMR 7150 Mer et Santé, Equipe Traduction, Cycle Cellulaire, et Développement, Station Biologique de Roscoff, F-29239 Roscoff, FranceUniversité Européenne de BretagneF-29239 Roscoff, FranceBioinformatics GroupDepartment of Computer Science, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, GermanyUMR85Unité Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, FranceGroup «Biology and Bioinformatics of Signaling System
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