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Varney MJ, Benovic JL. The Role of G Protein-Coupled Receptors and Receptor Kinases in Pancreatic β-Cell Function and Diabetes. Pharmacol Rev 2024; 76:267-299. [PMID: 38351071 PMCID: PMC10877731 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.123.001015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) mellitus has emerged as a major global health concern that has accelerated in recent years due to poor diet and lifestyle. Afflicted individuals have high blood glucose levels that stem from the inability of the pancreas to make enough insulin to meet demand. Although medication can help to maintain normal blood glucose levels in individuals with chronic disease, many of these medicines are outdated, have severe side effects, and often become less efficacious over time, necessitating the need for insulin therapy. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) regulate many physiologic processes, including blood glucose levels. In pancreatic β cells, GPCRs regulate β-cell growth, apoptosis, and insulin secretion, which are all critical in maintaining sufficient β-cell mass and insulin output to ensure euglycemia. In recent years, new insights into the signaling of incretin receptors and other GPCRs have underscored the potential of these receptors as desirable targets in the treatment of diabetes. The signaling of these receptors is modulated by GPCR kinases (GRKs) that phosphorylate agonist-activated GPCRs, marking the receptor for arrestin binding and internalization. Interestingly, genome-wide association studies using diabetic patient cohorts link the GRKs and arrestins with T2D. Moreover, recent reports show that GRKs and arrestins expressed in the β cell serve a critical role in the regulation of β-cell function, including β-cell growth and insulin secretion in both GPCR-dependent and -independent pathways. In this review, we describe recent insights into GPCR signaling and the importance of GRK function in modulating β-cell physiology. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Pancreatic β cells contain a diverse array of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that have been shown to improve β-cell function and survival, yet only a handful have been successfully targeted in the treatment of diabetes. This review discusses recent advances in our understanding of β-cell GPCR pharmacology and regulation by GPCR kinases while also highlighting the necessity of investigating islet-enriched GPCRs that have largely been unexplored to unveil novel treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Varney
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jeffrey L Benovic
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Umbayev B, Saliev T, Safarova (Yantsen) Y, Yermekova A, Olzhayev F, Bulanin D, Tsoy A, Askarova S. The Role of Cdc42 in the Insulin and Leptin Pathways Contributing to the Development of Age-Related Obesity. Nutrients 2023; 15:4964. [PMID: 38068822 PMCID: PMC10707920 DOI: 10.3390/nu15234964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related obesity significantly increases the risk of chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, and certain cancers. The insulin-leptin axis is crucial in understanding metabolic disturbances associated with age-related obesity. Rho GTPase Cdc42 is a member of the Rho family of GTPases that participates in many cellular processes including, but not limited to, regulation of actin cytoskeleton, vesicle trafficking, cell polarity, morphology, proliferation, motility, and migration. Cdc42 functions as an integral part of regulating insulin secretion and aging. Some novel roles for Cdc42 have also been recently identified in maintaining glucose metabolism, where Cdc42 is involved in controlling blood glucose levels in metabolically active tissues, including skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, pancreas, etc., which puts this protein in line with other critical regulators of glucose metabolism. Importantly, Cdc42 plays a vital role in cellular processes associated with the insulin and leptin signaling pathways, which are integral elements involved in obesity development if misregulated. Additionally, a change in Cdc42 activity may affect senescence, thus contributing to disorders associated with aging. This review explores the complex relationships among age-associated obesity, the insulin-leptin axis, and the Cdc42 signaling pathway. This article sheds light on the vast molecular web that supports metabolic dysregulation in aging people. In addition, it also discusses the potential therapeutic implications of the Cdc42 pathway to mitigate obesity since some new data suggest that inhibition of Cdc42 using antidiabetic drugs or antioxidants may promote weight loss in overweight or obese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bauyrzhan Umbayev
- National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan; (Y.S.); (A.Y.); (F.O.); (A.T.); (S.A.)
| | - Timur Saliev
- S.D. Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty 050012, Kazakhstan;
| | - Yuliya Safarova (Yantsen)
- National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan; (Y.S.); (A.Y.); (F.O.); (A.T.); (S.A.)
| | - Aislu Yermekova
- National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan; (Y.S.); (A.Y.); (F.O.); (A.T.); (S.A.)
| | - Farkhad Olzhayev
- National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan; (Y.S.); (A.Y.); (F.O.); (A.T.); (S.A.)
| | - Denis Bulanin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan;
| | - Andrey Tsoy
- National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan; (Y.S.); (A.Y.); (F.O.); (A.T.); (S.A.)
| | - Sholpan Askarova
- National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan; (Y.S.); (A.Y.); (F.O.); (A.T.); (S.A.)
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Boyd SS, Slawson C, Thompson JA. AMEND: active module identification using experimental data and network diffusion. BMC Bioinformatics 2023; 24:277. [PMID: 37415126 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-023-05376-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Molecular interaction networks have become an important tool in providing context to the results of various omics experiments. For example, by integrating transcriptomic data and protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks, one can better understand how the altered expression of several genes are related with one another. The challenge then becomes how to determine, in the context of the interaction network, the subset(s) of genes that best captures the main mechanisms underlying the experimental conditions. Different algorithms have been developed to address this challenge, each with specific biological questions in mind. One emerging area of interest is to determine which genes are equivalently or inversely changed between different experiments. The equivalent change index (ECI) is a recently proposed metric that measures the extent to which a gene is equivalently or inversely regulated between two experiments. The goal of this work is to develop an algorithm that makes use of the ECI and powerful network analysis techniques to identify a connected subset of genes that are highly relevant to the experimental conditions. RESULTS To address the above goal, we developed a method called Active Module identification using Experimental data and Network Diffusion (AMEND). The AMEND algorithm is designed to find a subset of connected genes in a PPI network that have large experimental values. It makes use of random walk with restart to create gene weights, and a heuristic solution to the Maximum-weight Connected Subgraph problem using these weights. This is performed iteratively until an optimal subnetwork (i.e., active module) is found. AMEND was compared to two current methods, NetCore and DOMINO, using two gene expression datasets. CONCLUSION The AMEND algorithm is an effective, fast, and easy-to-use method for identifying network-based active modules. It returned connected subnetworks with the largest median ECI by magnitude, capturing distinct but related functional groups of genes. Code is freely available at https://github.com/samboyd0/AMEND .
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel S Boyd
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd., Kansas City, KS, 66103, USA
- University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Chad Slawson
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd., Kansas City, KS, 66103, USA
- University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
- University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Fairway, KS, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Thompson
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd., Kansas City, KS, 66103, USA.
- University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.
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Velagala V, Soundarrajan DK, Unger MF, Gazzo D, Kumar N, Li J, Zartman J. The multimodal action of G alpha q in coordinating growth and homeostasis in the Drosophila wing imaginal disc. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.08.523049. [PMID: 36711848 PMCID: PMC9881979 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.08.523049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Background G proteins mediate cell responses to various ligands and play key roles in organ development. Dysregulation of G-proteins or Ca 2+ signaling impacts many human diseases and results in birth defects. However, the downstream effectors of specific G proteins in developmental regulatory networks are still poorly understood. Methods We employed the Gal4/UAS binary system to inhibit or overexpress Gαq in the wing disc, followed by phenotypic analysis. Immunohistochemistry and next-gen RNA sequencing identified the downstream effectors and the signaling cascades affected by the disruption of Gαq homeostasis. Results Here, we characterized how the G protein subunit Gαq tunes the size and shape of the wing in the larval and adult stages of development. Downregulation of Gαq in the wing disc reduced wing growth and delayed larval development. Gαq overexpression is sufficient to promote global Ca 2+ waves in the wing disc with a concomitant reduction in the Drosophila final wing size and a delay in pupariation. The reduced wing size phenotype is further enhanced when downregulating downstream components of the core Ca 2+ signaling toolkit, suggesting that downstream Ca 2+ signaling partially ameliorates the reduction in wing size. In contrast, Gαq -mediated pupariation delay is rescued by inhibition of IP 3 R, a key regulator of Ca 2+ signaling. This suggests that Gαq regulates developmental phenotypes through both Ca 2+ -dependent and Ca 2+ -independent mechanisms. RNA seq analysis shows that disruption of Gαq homeostasis affects nuclear hormone receptors, JAK/STAT pathway, and immune response genes. Notably, disruption of Gαq homeostasis increases expression levels of Dilp8, a key regulator of growth and pupariation timing. Conclusion Gαq activity contributes to cell size regulation and wing metamorphosis. Disruption to Gαq homeostasis in the peripheral wing disc organ delays larval development through ecdysone signaling inhibition. Overall, Gαq signaling mediates key modules of organ size regulation and epithelial homeostasis through the dual action of Ca 2+ -dependent and independent mechanisms.
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The Potential Role of R4 Regulators of G Protein Signaling (RGS) Proteins in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Cells 2022; 11:cells11233897. [PMID: 36497154 PMCID: PMC9739376 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a complex and heterogeneous disease that primarily results from impaired insulin secretion or insulin resistance (IR). G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are proposed as therapeutic targets for T2DM. GPCRs transduce signals via the Gα protein, playing an integral role in insulin secretion and IR. The regulators of G protein signaling (RGS) family proteins can bind to Gα proteins and function as GTPase-activating proteins (GAP) to accelerate GTP hydrolysis, thereby terminating Gα protein signaling. Thus, RGS proteins determine the size and duration of cellular responses to GPCR stimulation. RGSs are becoming popular targeting sites for modulating the signaling of GPCRs and related diseases. The R4 subfamily is the largest RGS family. This review will summarize the research progress on the mechanisms of R4 RGS subfamily proteins in insulin secretion and insulin resistance and analyze their potential value in the treatment of T2DM.
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Adipocyte Gq signaling is a regulator of glucose and lipid homeostasis in mice. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1652. [PMID: 35351896 PMCID: PMC8964770 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29231-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractObesity is the major driver of the global epidemic in type 2 diabetes (T2D). In individuals with obesity, impaired insulin action leads to increased lipolysis in adipocytes, resulting in elevated plasma free fatty acid (FFA) levels that promote peripheral insulin resistance, a hallmark of T2D. Here we show, by using a combined genetic/biochemical/pharmacologic approach, that increased adipocyte lipolysis can be prevented by selective activation of adipocyte Gq signaling in vitro and in vivo (in mice). Activation of this pathway by a Gq-coupled designer receptor or by an agonist acting on an endogenous adipocyte Gq-coupled receptor (CysLT2 receptor) greatly improved glucose and lipid homeostasis in obese mice or in mice with adipocyte insulin receptor deficiency. Our findings identify adipocyte Gq signaling as an essential regulator of whole-body glucose and lipid homeostasis and should inform the development of novel classes of GPCR-based antidiabetic drugs.
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Onken MD, Noda SE, Kaltenbronn KM, Frankfater C, Makepeace CM, Fettig N, Piggott KD, Custer PL, Ippolito JE, Blumer KJ. Oncogenic Gq/11 signaling acutely drives and chronically sustains metabolic reprogramming in uveal melanoma. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101495. [PMID: 34919964 PMCID: PMC8761705 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming has been shown to occur in uveal melanoma (UM), the most common intraocular tumor in adults. Mechanisms driving metabolic reprogramming in UM are poorly understood. Elucidation of these mechanisms could inform development of new therapeutic strategies for metastatic UM, which has poor prognosis because existing therapies are ineffective. Here, we determined whether metabolic reprogramming is driven by constitutively active mutant α-subunits of the heterotrimeric G proteins Gq or G11 (Gq/11), the oncogenic drivers in ∼90% of UM patients. Using PET-computed tomography imaging, microphysiometry, and GC/MS, we found that inhibition of oncogenic Gq/11 with the small molecule FR900359 (FR) attenuated glucose uptake by UM cells in vivo and in vitro, blunted glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration in UM cell lines and tumor cells isolated from patients, and reduced levels of several glycolytic and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates. FR acutely inhibited glycolysis and respiration and chronically attenuated expression of genes in both metabolic processes. UM therefore differs from other melanomas that exhibit a classic Warburg effect. Metabolic reprogramming in UM cell lines and patient samples involved protein kinase C and extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1/2 signaling downstream of oncogenic Gq/11. Chronic administration of FR upregulated expression of genes involved in metabolite scavenging and redox homeostasis, potentially as an adaptive mechanism explaining why FR does not efficiently kill UM tumor cells or regress UM tumor xenografts. These results establish that oncogenic Gq/11 signaling is a crucial driver of metabolic reprogramming in UM and lay a foundation for studies aimed at targeting metabolic reprogramming for therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Onken
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Sarah E Noda
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Kevin M Kaltenbronn
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Cheryl Frankfater
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA; Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Carol M Makepeace
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Nikki Fettig
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Kisha D Piggott
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Philip L Custer
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Joseph E Ippolito
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA; Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Kendall J Blumer
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA.
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Vazquez-Jimenez JG, Corpus-Navarro MS, Rodriguez-Chavez JM, Jaramillo-Ramirez HJ, Hernandez-Aranda J, Galindo-Hernandez O, Machado-Contreras JR, Trejo-Trejo M, Guerrero-Hernandez A, Olivares-Reyes JA. The Increased Expression of Regulator of G-Protein Signaling 2 (RGS2) Inhibits Insulin-Induced Akt Phosphorylation and Is Associated with Uncontrolled Glycemia in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. Metabolites 2021; 11:91. [PMID: 33562475 PMCID: PMC7915073 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11020091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental evidence in mice models has demonstrated that a high regulator of G-protein signaling 2 (RSG2) protein levels precede an insulin resistance state. In the same context, a diet rich in saturated fatty acids induces an increase in RGS2 protein expression, which has been associated with decreased basal metabolism in mice; however, the above has not yet been analyzed in humans. For this reason, in the present study, we examined the association between RGS2 expression and insulin resistance state. The incubation with palmitic acid (PA), which inhibits insulin-mediated Akt Ser473 phosphorylation, resulted in the increased RGS2 expression in human umbilical vein endothelial-CS (HUVEC-CS) cells. The RGS2 overexpression without PA was enough to inhibit insulin-mediated Akt Ser473 phosphorylation in HUVEC-CS cells. Remarkably, the platelet RGS2 expression levels were higher in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients than in healthy donors. Moreover, an unbiased principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that RGS2 expression level positively correlated with glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and negatively with age and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) in T2DM patients. Furthermore, PCA showed that healthy subjects segregated from T2DM patients by having lower levels of HbA1c and RGS2. These results demonstrate that RGS2 overexpression leads to decreased insulin signaling in a human endothelial cell line and is associated with poorly controlled diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Gustavo Vazquez-Jimenez
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, CINVESTAV-IPN, Mexico City 07360, Mexico; (J.G.V.-J.); (J.H.-A.); (A.G.-H.)
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathogenesis, School of Medicine, Campus Mexicali, Autonomous University of Baja California, Mexicali, Baja California 21000, Mexico; (M.S.C.-N.); (J.M.R.-C.); (J.R.M.-C.)
| | - M. Stephanie Corpus-Navarro
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathogenesis, School of Medicine, Campus Mexicali, Autonomous University of Baja California, Mexicali, Baja California 21000, Mexico; (M.S.C.-N.); (J.M.R.-C.); (J.R.M.-C.)
| | - J. Miguel Rodriguez-Chavez
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathogenesis, School of Medicine, Campus Mexicali, Autonomous University of Baja California, Mexicali, Baja California 21000, Mexico; (M.S.C.-N.); (J.M.R.-C.); (J.R.M.-C.)
| | | | - Judith Hernandez-Aranda
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, CINVESTAV-IPN, Mexico City 07360, Mexico; (J.G.V.-J.); (J.H.-A.); (A.G.-H.)
| | - Octavio Galindo-Hernandez
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Campus Mexicali, Autonomous University of Baja California, Mexicali, Baja California 21000, Mexico;
| | - J. Rene Machado-Contreras
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathogenesis, School of Medicine, Campus Mexicali, Autonomous University of Baja California, Mexicali, Baja California 21000, Mexico; (M.S.C.-N.); (J.M.R.-C.); (J.R.M.-C.)
| | - Marina Trejo-Trejo
- School of Sports, Campus Mexicali, Autonomous University of Baja California, Mexicali, Baja California 21000, Mexico;
| | - Agustin Guerrero-Hernandez
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, CINVESTAV-IPN, Mexico City 07360, Mexico; (J.G.V.-J.); (J.H.-A.); (A.G.-H.)
| | - J. Alberto Olivares-Reyes
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, CINVESTAV-IPN, Mexico City 07360, Mexico; (J.G.V.-J.); (J.H.-A.); (A.G.-H.)
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New Insights from IGF-IR Stimulating Activity Analyses: Pathological Considerations. Cells 2020; 9:cells9040862. [PMID: 32252327 PMCID: PMC7226833 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and insulin-like growth factor-II (IGF-II) play a crucial factor in the growth, differentiation and survival of cells in health and disease. IGF-I and IGF-II primarily activate the IGF-I receptor (IGF-IR), which is present on the cell surface. Activation of the IGF-IR stimulates multiple pathways which finally results in multiple biological effects in a variety of tissues and cells. In addition, activation of the IGF-IR has been found to be essential for the growth of cancers. The conventional view in the past was that the IGF-IR was exclusively a tyrosine kinase receptor and that phosphorylation of tyrosine residues, after binding of IGF-I to the IGF-IR, started a cascade of post-receptor events. Recent research has shown that this view was too simplistic. It has been found that the IGF-IR also has kinase-independent functions and may even emit signals in the unoccupied state through some yet-to-be-defined non-canonical pathways. The IGF-IR may further form hybrids with the insulin receptors but also with receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) outside the insulin-IGF system. In addition, the IGF-IR has extensive cross-talk with many other receptor tyrosine kinases and their downstream effectors. Moreover, there is now emerging evidence that the IGF-IR utilizes parts of the G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) pathways: the IGF-IR can be considered as a functional RTK/GPCR hybrid, which integrates the kinase signaling with some IGF-IR mediated canonical GPCR characteristics. Like the classical GPCRs the IGF-IR can also show homologous and heterologous desensitization. Recently, it has been found that after activation by a ligand, the IGF-IR may be translocated into the nucleus and function as a transcriptional cofactor. Thus, in recent years, it has become clear that the IGF-IR signaling pathways are much more complex than first thought. Therefore a big challenge for the (near) future will be how all the new knowledge about IGF-IR signaling can be translated into the clinical practice and improve diagnosis and treatment of diseases.
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Escala-Garcia M, Abraham J, Andrulis IL, Anton-Culver H, Arndt V, Ashworth A, Auer PL, Auvinen P, Beckmann MW, Beesley J, Behrens S, Benitez J, Bermisheva M, Blomqvist C, Blot W, Bogdanova NV, Bojesen SE, Bolla MK, Børresen-Dale AL, Brauch H, Brenner H, Brucker SY, Burwinkel B, Caldas C, Canzian F, Chang-Claude J, Chanock SJ, Chin SF, Clarke CL, Couch FJ, Cox A, Cross SS, Czene K, Daly MB, Dennis J, Devilee P, Dunn JA, Dunning AM, Dwek M, Earl HM, Eccles DM, Eliassen AH, Ellberg C, Evans DG, Fasching PA, Figueroa J, Flyger H, Gago-Dominguez M, Gapstur SM, García-Closas M, García-Sáenz JA, Gaudet MM, George A, Giles GG, Goldgar DE, González-Neira A, Grip M, Guénel P, Guo Q, Haiman CA, Håkansson N, Hamann U, Harrington PA, Hiller L, Hooning MJ, Hopper JL, Howell A, Huang CS, Huang G, Hunter DJ, Jakubowska A, John EM, Kaaks R, Kapoor PM, Keeman R, Kitahara CM, Koppert LB, Kraft P, Kristensen VN, Lambrechts D, Le Marchand L, Lejbkowicz F, Lindblom A, Lubiński J, Mannermaa A, Manoochehri M, Manoukian S, Margolin S, Martinez ME, Maurer T, Mavroudis D, Meindl A, Milne RL, Mulligan AM, Neuhausen SL, Nevanlinna H, Newman WG, Olshan AF, Olson JE, Olsson H, Orr N, Peterlongo P, Petridis C, Prentice RL, Presneau N, Punie K, Ramachandran D, Rennert G, Romero A, Sachchithananthan M, Saloustros E, Sawyer EJ, Schmutzler RK, Schwentner L, Scott C, Simard J, Sohn C, Southey MC, Swerdlow AJ, Tamimi RM, Tapper WJ, Teixeira MR, Terry MB, Thorne H, Tollenaar RAEM, Tomlinson I, Troester MA, Truong T, Turnbull C, Vachon CM, van der Kolk LE, Wang Q, Winqvist R, Wolk A, Yang XR, Ziogas A, Pharoah PDP, Hall P, Wessels LFA, Chenevix-Trench G, Bader GD, Dörk T, Easton DF, Canisius S, Schmidt MK. A network analysis to identify mediators of germline-driven differences in breast cancer prognosis. Nat Commun 2020; 11:312. [PMID: 31949161 PMCID: PMC6965101 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-14100-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying the underlying genetic drivers of the heritability of breast cancer prognosis remains elusive. We adapt a network-based approach to handle underpowered complex datasets to provide new insights into the potential function of germline variants in breast cancer prognosis. This network-based analysis studies ~7.3 million variants in 84,457 breast cancer patients in relation to breast cancer survival and confirms the results on 12,381 independent patients. Aggregating the prognostic effects of genetic variants across multiple genes, we identify four gene modules associated with survival in estrogen receptor (ER)-negative and one in ER-positive disease. The modules show biological enrichment for cancer-related processes such as G-alpha signaling, circadian clock, angiogenesis, and Rho-GTPases in apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Escala-Garcia
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jean Abraham
- Department of Oncology, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge Breast Unit and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge NHS Foundation Hospitals, Cambridge, UK
| | - Irene L Andrulis
- Fred A. Litwin Center for Cancer Genetics, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Hoda Anton-Culver
- Department of Epidemiology, Genetic Epidemiology Research Institute, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Volker Arndt
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alan Ashworth
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Paul L Auer
- Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Zilber School of Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Päivi Auvinen
- Cancer Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oncology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Translational Cancer Research Area, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Matthias W Beckmann
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Comprehensive Cancer Center ER-EMN, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jonathan Beesley
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Sabine Behrens
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Javier Benitez
- Human Cancer Genetics Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Network on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina Bermisheva
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Russia
| | - Carl Blomqvist
- Department of Oncology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Oncology, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden
| | - William Blot
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
- International Epidemiology Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Natalia V Bogdanova
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- N.N. Alexandrov Research Institute of Oncology and Medical Radiology, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Stig E Bojesen
- Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Manjeet K Bolla
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Anne-Lise Børresen-Dale
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital-Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hiltrud Brauch
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany
- iFIT-Cluster of Excellence, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sara Y Brucker
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Barbara Burwinkel
- Molecular Epidemiology Group, C080, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Molecular Biology of Breast Cancer, University Womens Clinic Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carlos Caldas
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Department of Oncology, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Breast Cancer Programme, CRUK Cambridge Cancer Centre and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Federico Canzian
- Genomic Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Cancer Epidemiology Group, University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stephen J Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Department of Health and Human Services, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Suet-Feung Chin
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Christine L Clarke
- Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Fergus J Couch
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Angela Cox
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Sheffield Institute for Nucleic Acids (SInFoNiA), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Simon S Cross
- Academic Unit of Pathology, Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Kamila Czene
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mary B Daly
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joe Dennis
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Peter Devilee
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Janet A Dunn
- Warwick Clinical Trials Unit, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Alison M Dunning
- Department of Oncology, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Miriam Dwek
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Westminster, London, UK
| | - Helena M Earl
- Cambridge Breast Unit and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge NHS Foundation Hospitals, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Diana M Eccles
- Cancer Sciences Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - A Heather Eliassen
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Carolina Ellberg
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - D Gareth Evans
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
- NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Peter A Fasching
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Comprehensive Cancer Center ER-EMN, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jonine Figueroa
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Department of Health and Human Services, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, The University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh, UK
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Henrik Flyger
- Department of Breast Surgery, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Manuela Gago-Dominguez
- Genomic Medicine Group, Galician Foundation of Genomic Medicine, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago, SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Susan M Gapstur
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Montserrat García-Closas
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Department of Health and Human Services, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - José A García-Sáenz
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mia M Gaudet
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Angela George
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Graham G Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David E Goldgar
- Department of Dermatology, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Anna González-Neira
- Human Cancer Genetics Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mervi Grip
- Department of Surgery, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Pascal Guénel
- Cancer & Environment Group, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), University Paris-Saclay, INSERM, University Paris-Sud, Villejuif, France
| | - Qi Guo
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Christopher A Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Niclas Håkansson
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ute Hamann
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Patricia A Harrington
- Department of Oncology, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Louise Hiller
- Warwick Clinical Trials Unit, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Maartje J Hooning
- Department of Medical Oncology, Family Cancer Clinic, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - John L Hopper
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Anthony Howell
- Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Chiun-Sheng Huang
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Guanmengqian Huang
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David J Hunter
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Anna Jakubowska
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
- Independent Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Genetic Diagnostics, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Esther M John
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Rudolf Kaaks
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pooja Middha Kapoor
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Renske Keeman
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cari M Kitahara
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Linetta B Koppert
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Family Cancer Clinic, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Kraft
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vessela N Kristensen
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital-Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Diether Lambrechts
- VIB, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Loic Le Marchand
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Flavio Lejbkowicz
- Carmel Medical Center and Technion Faculty of Medicine, Clalit National Cancer Control Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Annika Lindblom
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan Lubiński
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Arto Mannermaa
- Translational Cancer Research Area, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Imaging Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mehdi Manoochehri
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Siranoush Manoukian
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano (INT), Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Margolin
- Department of Oncology, Sšdersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Sšdersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Elena Martinez
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Tabea Maurer
- Cancer Epidemiology Group, University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dimitrios Mavroudis
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Alfons Meindl
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Roger L Milne
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Anna Marie Mulligan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Susan L Neuhausen
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Heli Nevanlinna
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - William G Newman
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Andrew F Olshan
- Department of Epidemiology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Janet E Olson
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Håkan Olsson
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Nick Orr
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Ireland, UK
| | - Paolo Peterlongo
- Genome Diagnostics Program, IFOM - the FIRC (Italian Foundation for Cancer Research) Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Christos Petridis
- Research Oncology, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Ross L Prentice
- Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nadege Presneau
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Westminster, London, UK
| | - Kevin Punie
- Department of Oncology, Leuven Multidisciplinary Breast Center, Leuven Cancer Institute, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Gad Rennert
- Carmel Medical Center and Technion Faculty of Medicine, Clalit National Cancer Control Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Atocha Romero
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Elinor J Sawyer
- Research Oncology, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Rita K Schmutzler
- Center for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Lukas Schwentner
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Christopher Scott
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jacques Simard
- Genomics Center, Research Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec - Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Christof Sohn
- National Center for Tumor Diseases, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Melissa C Southey
- Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Anthony J Swerdlow
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Division of Breast Cancer Research, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Rulla M Tamimi
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Manuel R Teixeira
- Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute, Porto, Portugal
- Biomedical Sciences Institute (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Mary Beth Terry
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Heather Thorne
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Center, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Rob A E M Tollenaar
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ian Tomlinson
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics and Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Melissa A Troester
- Department of Epidemiology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Thérèse Truong
- Cancer & Environment Group, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), University Paris-Saclay, INSERM, University Paris-Sud, Villejuif, France
| | - Clare Turnbull
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Celine M Vachon
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Lizet E van der Kolk
- Family Cancer Clinic, The Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Qin Wang
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Robert Winqvist
- Biocenter Oulu, Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Northern Finland Laboratory Centre Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Alicja Wolk
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Xiaohong R Yang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Department of Health and Human Services, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Argyrios Ziogas
- Department of Epidemiology, Genetic Epidemiology Research Institute, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Paul D P Pharoah
- Department of Oncology, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Per Hall
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Oncology, Sšdersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lodewyk F A Wessels
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, The Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Faculty of EEMCS, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Georgia Chenevix-Trench
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Gary D Bader
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- The Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Thilo Dörk
- Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Douglas F Easton
- Department of Oncology, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sander Canisius
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, The Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Marjanka K Schmidt
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Division of Psychosocial Research and Epidemiology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Nomiyama R, Emoto M, Fukuda N, Matsui K, Kondo M, Sakane A, Sasaki T, Tanizawa Y. Protein kinase C iota facilitates insulin-induced glucose transport by phosphorylation of soluble nSF attachment protein receptor regulator (SNARE) double C2 domain protein b. J Diabetes Investig 2019; 10:591-601. [PMID: 30369065 PMCID: PMC6497606 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.12965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS/INTRODUCTION Double C2 domain protein b (DOC2b), one of the synaptotagmins, has been shown to translocate to the plasma membrane, and to initiate membrane-fusion processes of vesicles containing glucose transporter 4 proteins on insulin stimulation. However, the mechanism by which DOC2b is regulated remains unclear. Herein, we identified the upstream regulatory factors of DOC2b in insulin signal transduction. We also examined the role of DOC2b on systemic homeostasis using DOC2b knockout (KO) mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS We first identified DOC2b binding proteins by immunoprecipitation and mutagenesis experiments. Then, DOC2b KO mice were generated by disrupting the first exon of the DOC2b gene. In addition to the histological examination, glucose metabolism was assessed by measuring parameters on glucose/insulin tolerance tests. Insulin-stimulated glucose uptake was also measured using isolated soleus muscle and epididymal adipose tissue. RESULTS We identified an isoform of atypical protein kinase C (protein kinase C iota) that can bind to DOC2b and phosphorylates one of the serine residues of DOC2b (S34). This phosphorylation is essential for DOC2b translocation. DOC2b KO mice showed insulin resistance and impaired oral glucose tolerance on insulin and glucose tolerance tests, respectively. Insulin-stimulated glucose uptake was impaired in isolated soleus muscle and epididymal adipose tissues from DOC2b KO mice. CONCLUSIONS We propose a novel insulin signaling mechanism by which protein kinase C iota phosphorylates DOC2b, leading to glucose transporter 4 vesicle translocation, fusion and facilitation of glucose uptake in response to insulin. The present results also showed DOC2b to play important roles in systemic glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuta Nomiyama
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, Hematological Sciences and TherapeuticsYamaguchi University Graduate School of MedicineUbeJapan
| | - Masahiro Emoto
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, Hematological Sciences and TherapeuticsYamaguchi University Graduate School of MedicineUbeJapan
- Emoto ClinicUbeJapan
| | - Naofumi Fukuda
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, Hematological Sciences and TherapeuticsYamaguchi University Graduate School of MedicineUbeJapan
| | - Kumiko Matsui
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, Hematological Sciences and TherapeuticsYamaguchi University Graduate School of MedicineUbeJapan
| | - Manabu Kondo
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, Hematological Sciences and TherapeuticsYamaguchi University Graduate School of MedicineUbeJapan
| | - Ayuko Sakane
- Department of BiochemistryTokushima University Graduate School of Medical SciencesTokushimaJapan
| | - Takuya Sasaki
- Department of BiochemistryTokushima University Graduate School of Medical SciencesTokushimaJapan
| | - Yukio Tanizawa
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, Hematological Sciences and TherapeuticsYamaguchi University Graduate School of MedicineUbeJapan
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12
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Huang QY, Lai XN, Qian XL, Lv LC, Li J, Duan J, Xiao XH, Xiong LX. Cdc42: A Novel Regulator of Insulin Secretion and Diabetes-Associated Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20010179. [PMID: 30621321 PMCID: PMC6337499 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20010179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Revised: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cdc42, a member of the Rho GTPases family, is involved in the regulation of several cellular functions including cell cycle progression, survival, transcription, actin cytoskeleton organization and membrane trafficking. Diabetes is a chronic and metabolic disease, characterized as glycometabolism disorder induced by insulin deficiency related to β cell dysfunction and peripheral insulin resistance (IR). Diabetes could cause many complications including diabetic nephropathy (DN), diabetic retinopathy and diabetic foot. Furthermore, hyperglycemia can promote tumor progression and increase the risk of malignant cancers. In this review, we summarized the regulation of Cdc42 in insulin secretion and diabetes-associated diseases. Organized researches indicate that Cdc42 is a crucial member during the progression of diabetes, and Cdc42 not only participates in the process of insulin synthesis but also regulates the insulin granule mobilization and cell membrane exocytosis via activating a series of downstream factors. Besides, several studies have demonstrated Cdc42 as participating in the pathogenesis of IR and DN and even contributing to promote cancer cell proliferation, survival, invasion, migration, and metastasis under hyperglycemia. Through the current review, we hope to cast light on the mechanism of Cdc42 in diabetes and associated diseases and provide new ideas for clinical diagnosis, treatment, and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Yuan Huang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College, Nanchang University, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathogenesis and Molecular Pathology, 461 Bayi Road, Nanchang 330006, China.
| | - Xing-Ning Lai
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College, Nanchang University, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathogenesis and Molecular Pathology, 461 Bayi Road, Nanchang 330006, China.
| | - Xian-Ling Qian
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College, Nanchang University, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathogenesis and Molecular Pathology, 461 Bayi Road, Nanchang 330006, China.
| | - Lin-Chen Lv
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College, Nanchang University, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathogenesis and Molecular Pathology, 461 Bayi Road, Nanchang 330006, China.
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College, Nanchang University, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathogenesis and Molecular Pathology, 461 Bayi Road, Nanchang 330006, China.
| | - Jing Duan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College, Nanchang University, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathogenesis and Molecular Pathology, 461 Bayi Road, Nanchang 330006, China.
| | - Xing-Hua Xiao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College, Nanchang University, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathogenesis and Molecular Pathology, 461 Bayi Road, Nanchang 330006, China.
| | - Li-Xia Xiong
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College, Nanchang University, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathogenesis and Molecular Pathology, 461 Bayi Road, Nanchang 330006, China.
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13
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Blurring Boundaries: Receptor Tyrosine Kinases as functional G Protein-Coupled Receptors. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 339:1-40. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2018.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Li P, Liu S, Lu M, Bandyopadhyay G, Oh D, Imamura T, Johnson AMF, Sears D, Shen Z, Cui B, Kong L, Hou S, Liang X, Iovino S, Watkins SM, Ying W, Osborn O, Wollam J, Brenner M, Olefsky JM. Hematopoietic-Derived Galectin-3 Causes Cellular and Systemic Insulin Resistance. Cell 2017; 167:973-984.e12. [PMID: 27814523 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2016.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In obesity, macrophages and other immune cells accumulate in insulin target tissues, promoting a chronic inflammatory state and insulin resistance. Galectin-3 (Gal3), a lectin mainly secreted by macrophages, is elevated in both obese subjects and mice. Administration of Gal3 to mice causes insulin resistance and glucose intolerance, whereas inhibition of Gal3, through either genetic or pharmacologic loss of function, improved insulin sensitivity in obese mice. In vitro treatment with Gal3 directly enhanced macrophage chemotaxis, reduced insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in myocytes and 3T3-L1 adipocytes and impaired insulin-mediated suppression of glucose output in primary mouse hepatocytes. Importantly, we found that Gal3 can bind directly to the insulin receptor (IR) and inhibit downstream IR signaling. These observations elucidate a novel role for Gal3 in hepatocyte, adipocyte, and myocyte insulin resistance, suggesting that Gal3 can link inflammation to decreased insulin sensitivity. Inhibition of Gal3 could be a new approach to treat insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; Diabetes Research Center of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, UC, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Shuainan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; Diabetes Research Center of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Min Lu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, UC, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Diabetes Early Discovery, Merck Research Laboratories, 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Gautum Bandyopadhyay
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, UC, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Dayoung Oh
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, UC, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Takeshi Imamura
- Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, 1 Tsukinowa, Seta, Otsu-city, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Andrew M F Johnson
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, UC, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Dorothy Sears
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, UC, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Zhufang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; Diabetes Research Center of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Bing Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; Diabetes Research Center of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Lijuan Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; Diabetes Research Center of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Shaocong Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; Diabetes Research Center of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xiao Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; Diabetes Research Center of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Salvatore Iovino
- Diabetes Early Discovery, Merck Research Laboratories, 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Wei Ying
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, UC, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Olivia Osborn
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, UC, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Joshua Wollam
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, UC, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Martin Brenner
- Diabetes Early Discovery, Merck Research Laboratories, 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jerrold M Olefsky
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, UC, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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15
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Yasmin S, Jayaprakash V. Thiazolidinediones and PPAR orchestra as antidiabetic agents: From past to present. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 126:879-893. [PMID: 27988463 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Thiazolidinediones a class of drug, that provided a major breakthrough in the management of type 2 diabetes since 1990. Following the discovery of PPARs, TZDs were the first class to be reported as PPARγ modulators. This review is an attempt to summarize the chemical modifications around TZDs in past two decades to obtain a potent antidiabetic molecule. TZDs literature were initially dominated by their hypoglycemic & hypolipidemic activities, later PPARγ activity was also been incorporated. Moreover, in some cases, both benzyl and benzylidene derivatives were reported in the same manuscript for the sake of comparison. We thought of presenting the review on the basis of the variation in the linker region. Optimal linker at the time of discovery of the Ciglitazone was oxymethyl and it went on to evolve as oxyethyl (Pioglitazone) and oxyethylamino (Rosiglitazone). Few attempts were made to restrict the flexibility of the linker by introducing the cyclic structures and were summarized immediately after the respective linker class.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Yasmin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand 835 215, India
| | - Venkatesan Jayaprakash
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand 835 215, India.
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16
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Guccione M, Ettari R, Taliani S, Da Settimo F, Zappalà M, Grasso S. G-Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase 2 (GRK2) Inhibitors: Current Trends and Future Perspectives. J Med Chem 2016; 59:9277-9294. [PMID: 27362616 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) is a G-protein-coupled receptor kinase that is ubiquitously expressed in many tissues and regulates various intracellular mechanisms. The up- or down-regulation of GRK2 correlates with several pathological disorders. GRK2 plays an important role in the maintenance of heart structure and function; thus, this kinase is involved in many cardiovascular diseases. GRK2 up-regulation can worsen cardiac ischemia; furthermore, increased kinase levels occur during the early stages of heart failure and in hypertensive subjects. GRK2 up-regulation can lead to changes in the insulin signaling cascade, which can translate to insulin resistance. Increased GRK2 levels also correlate with the degree of cognitive impairment that is typically observed in Alzheimer's disease. This article reviews the most potent and selective GRK2 inhibitors that have been developed. We focus on their mechanism of action, inhibition profile, and structure-activity relationships to provide insight into the further development of GRK2 inhibitors as drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Guccione
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Messina , Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Roberta Ettari
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Messina , Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Sabrina Taliani
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa , Via Bonanno Pisano 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Federico Da Settimo
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa , Via Bonanno Pisano 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Maria Zappalà
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Messina , Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Silvana Grasso
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Messina , Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
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17
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Horinouchi T, Hoshi A, Harada T, Higa T, Karki S, Terada K, Higashi T, Mai Y, Nepal P, Mazaki Y, Miwa S. Endothelin-1 suppresses insulin-stimulated Akt phosphorylation and glucose uptake via GPCR kinase 2 in skeletal muscle cells. Br J Pharmacol 2016; 173:1018-32. [PMID: 26660861 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Endothelin-1 (ET-1) reduces insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in skeletal muscle, inducing insulin resistance. Here, we have determined the molecular mechanisms underlying negative regulation by ET-1 of insulin signalling. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We used the rat L6 skeletal muscle cells fully differentiated into myotubes. Changes in the phosphorylation of Akt was assessed by Western blotting. Effects of ET-1 on insulin-stimulated glucose uptake was assessed with [(3) H]-2-deoxy-d-glucose ([(3) H]2-DG). The C-terminus region of GPCR kinase 2 (GRK2-ct), a dominant negative GRK2, was overexpressed in L6 cells using adenovirus-mediated gene transfer. GRK2 expression was suppressed by transfection of the corresponding short-interfering RNA (siRNA). KEY RESULTS In L6 myotubes, insulin elicited sustained Akt phosphorylation at Thr(308) and Ser(473) , which was suppressed by ET-1. The inhibitory effects of ET-1 were prevented by treatment with a selective ETA receptor antagonist and a Gq protein inhibitor, overexpression of GRK2-ct and knockdown of GRK2. Insulin increased [(3) H]2-DG uptake rate in a concentration-dependent manner. ET-1 noncompetitively antagonized insulin-stimulated [(3) H]2-DG uptake. Blockade of ETA receptors, overexpression of GRK2-ct and knockdown of GRK2 prevented the ET-1-induced suppression of insulin-stimulated [(3) H]2-DG uptake. In L6 myotubes overexpressing FLAG-tagged GRK2, ET-1 facilitated the interaction of endogenous Akt with FLAG-GRK2. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Activation of ETA receptors with ET-1 suppressed insulin-induced Akt phosphorylation at Thr(308) and Ser(473) and [(3) H]2-DG uptake in a GRK2-dependent manner in skeletal muscle cells. These findings suggest that ETA receptors and GRK2 are potential targets for overcoming insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Horinouchi
- Department of Cellular Pharmacology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo City, Japan
| | - Akimasa Hoshi
- Department of Cellular Pharmacology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo City, Japan
| | - Takuya Harada
- Department of Cellular Pharmacology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo City, Japan
| | - Tsunaki Higa
- Department of Cellular Pharmacology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo City, Japan
| | - Sarita Karki
- Department of Cellular Pharmacology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo City, Japan
| | - Koji Terada
- Department of Cellular Pharmacology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo City, Japan
| | - Tsunehito Higashi
- Department of Cellular Pharmacology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo City, Japan
| | - Yosuke Mai
- Department of Cellular Pharmacology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo City, Japan
| | - Prabha Nepal
- Department of Cellular Pharmacology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo City, Japan
| | - Yuichi Mazaki
- Department of Cellular Pharmacology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo City, Japan
| | - Soichi Miwa
- Department of Cellular Pharmacology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo City, Japan
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18
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Hayashi H, Al Mamun A, Sakima M, Sato M. Activator of G-protein signaling 8 is involved in VEGF-mediated signal processing during angiogenesis. J Cell Sci 2016; 129:1210-22. [PMID: 26826188 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.181883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Activator of G-protein signaling 8 (AGS8, also known as FNDC1) is a receptor-independent accessory protein for the Gβγ subunit, which was isolated from rat heart subjected to repetitive transient ischemia with the substantial development of collaterals. Here, we report the role of AGS8 in vessel formation by endothelial cells. Knockdown of AGS8 by small interfering RNA (siRNA) inhibited vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced tube formation, as well as VEGF-stimulated cell growth and migration. VEGF stimulated the phosphorylation of the VEGF receptor-2 (VEGFR-2, also known as KDR), ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK; however, knockdown of AGS8 inhibited these signaling events. Signal alterations by AGS8 siRNA were associated with a decrease of cell surface VEGFR-2 and an increase of VEGFR-2 in the cytosol. Endocytosis blockers did not influence the decrease of VEGFR-2 by AGS8 siRNA, suggesting the involvement of AGS8 in VEGFR-2 trafficking to the plasma membrane. VEGFR-2 formed a complex with AGS8 in cells, and a peptide designed to disrupt AGS8-Gβγ interaction inhibited VEGF-induced tube formation. These data suggest a potential role for AGS8-Gβγ in VEGF signal processing. AGS8 might play a key role in tissue adaptation by regulating angiogenic events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisaki Hayashi
- Department of Physiology, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan
| | - Abdullah Al Mamun
- Department of Physiology, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan
| | - Miho Sakima
- Department of Physiology, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan
| | - Motohiko Sato
- Department of Physiology, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan
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19
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Mitsuhashi K, Senmaru T, Fukuda T, Yamazaki M, Shinomiya K, Ueno M, Kinoshita S, Kitawaki J, Katsuyama M, Tsujikawa M, Obayashi H, Nakamura N, Fukui M. Testosterone stimulates glucose uptake and GLUT4 translocation through LKB1/AMPK signaling in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Endocrine 2016; 51:174-84. [PMID: 26100787 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-015-0666-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Decreases in serum testosterone concentrations in aging men are associated with metabolic disorders. Testosterone has been reported to increase GLUT4-dependent glucose uptake in skeletal muscle cells and cardiomyocytes. However, studies on glucose uptake occurring in response to testosterone stimulation in adipocytes are currently not available. This study was designed to determine the effects of testosterone on glucose uptake in adipocytes. Glucose uptake was assessed with 2-[(3)H] deoxyglucose in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. GLUT4 translocation was evaluated in plasma membrane (PM) sheets and PM fractions by immunofluorescence and immunoblotting, respectively. Activation of GLUT4 translocation-related protein kinases, including Akt, AMPK, LKB1, CaMKI, CaMKII, and Cbl was followed by immunoblotting. Expression levels of androgen receptor (AR) mRNA and AR translocation to the PM were assessed by real-time RT-PCR and immunoblotting, respectively. The results showed that both high-dose (100 nM) testosterone and testosterone-BSA increased glucose uptake and GLUT4 translocation to the PM, independently of the intracellular AR. Testosterone and testosterone-BSA stimulated the phosphorylation of AMPK, LKB1, and CaMKII. The knockdown of LKB1 by siRNA attenuated testosterone- and testosterone-BSA-stimulated AMPK phosphorylation and glucose uptake. These results indicate that high-dose testosterone and testosterone-BSA increase GLUT4-dependent glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 adipocytes by inducing the LKB1/AMPK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuteru Mitsuhashi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, 465 Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Takafumi Senmaru
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, 465 Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan.
| | - Takuya Fukuda
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, 465 Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yamazaki
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, 465 Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Shinomiya
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Morio Ueno
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shigeru Kinoshita
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Jo Kitawaki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masato Katsuyama
- Radioisotope Center, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | | | - Naoto Nakamura
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, 465 Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Michiaki Fukui
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, 465 Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
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20
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Oliveira V, Marinho R, Vitorino D, Santos GA, Moraes JC, Dragano N, Sartori-Cintra A, Pereira L, Catharino RR, da Silva ASR, Ropelle ER, Pauli JR, De Souza CT, Velloso LA, Cintra DE. Diets Containing α-Linolenic (ω3) or Oleic (ω9) Fatty Acids Rescues Obese Mice From Insulin Resistance. Endocrinology 2015; 156:4033-46. [PMID: 26280128 DOI: 10.1210/en.2014-1880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Subclinical systemic inflammation is a hallmark of obesity and insulin resistance. The results obtained from a number of experimental studies suggest that targeting different components of the inflammatory machinery may result in the improvement of the metabolic phenotype. Unsaturated fatty acids exert antiinflammatory activity through several distinct mechanisms. Here, we tested the capacity of ω3 and ω9 fatty acids, directly from their food matrix, to exert antiinflammatory activity through the G protein-coupled receptor (GPR)120 and GPR40 pathways. GPR120 was activated in liver, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissues, reverting inflammation and insulin resistance in obese mice. Part of this action was also mediated by GPR40 on muscle, as a novel mechanism described. Pair-feeding and immunoneutralization experiments reinforced the pivotal role of GPR120 as a mediator in the response to the nutrients. The improvement in insulin sensitivity in the high-fat substituted diets was associated with a marked reduction in tissue inflammation, decreased macrophage infiltration, and increased IL-10 levels. Furthermore, improved glucose homeostasis was accompanied by the reduced expression of hepatic gluconeogenic enzymes and reduced body mass. Thus, our data indicate that GPR120 and GPR40 play a critical role as mediators of the beneficial effects of dietary unsaturated fatty acids in the context of obesity-induced insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Oliveira
- Laboratories of Nutritional Genomics (V.O., D.E.C.), Limeira 13484-350, Cell Signaling (V.O., D.V., J.C.M., N.D., L.A.V., D.E.C.), and Molecular Biology of Exercise (R.M., L.P., A.S.R.d.S., E.R.R., J.R.P.); Innovare (G.A.S., R.R.C.); and Nutrigenomics and Lipids Center (A.S.-C., D.E.C.) and Biotechnology Center (E.R.R., J.R.P., D.E.C.), School of Applied Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil 13083-887; and Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Physiology (C.T.D.S.), Health Sciences Unit, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense Criciúma, Brazil 88806-000
| | - R Marinho
- Laboratories of Nutritional Genomics (V.O., D.E.C.), Limeira 13484-350, Cell Signaling (V.O., D.V., J.C.M., N.D., L.A.V., D.E.C.), and Molecular Biology of Exercise (R.M., L.P., A.S.R.d.S., E.R.R., J.R.P.); Innovare (G.A.S., R.R.C.); and Nutrigenomics and Lipids Center (A.S.-C., D.E.C.) and Biotechnology Center (E.R.R., J.R.P., D.E.C.), School of Applied Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil 13083-887; and Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Physiology (C.T.D.S.), Health Sciences Unit, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense Criciúma, Brazil 88806-000
| | - D Vitorino
- Laboratories of Nutritional Genomics (V.O., D.E.C.), Limeira 13484-350, Cell Signaling (V.O., D.V., J.C.M., N.D., L.A.V., D.E.C.), and Molecular Biology of Exercise (R.M., L.P., A.S.R.d.S., E.R.R., J.R.P.); Innovare (G.A.S., R.R.C.); and Nutrigenomics and Lipids Center (A.S.-C., D.E.C.) and Biotechnology Center (E.R.R., J.R.P., D.E.C.), School of Applied Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil 13083-887; and Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Physiology (C.T.D.S.), Health Sciences Unit, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense Criciúma, Brazil 88806-000
| | - G A Santos
- Laboratories of Nutritional Genomics (V.O., D.E.C.), Limeira 13484-350, Cell Signaling (V.O., D.V., J.C.M., N.D., L.A.V., D.E.C.), and Molecular Biology of Exercise (R.M., L.P., A.S.R.d.S., E.R.R., J.R.P.); Innovare (G.A.S., R.R.C.); and Nutrigenomics and Lipids Center (A.S.-C., D.E.C.) and Biotechnology Center (E.R.R., J.R.P., D.E.C.), School of Applied Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil 13083-887; and Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Physiology (C.T.D.S.), Health Sciences Unit, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense Criciúma, Brazil 88806-000
| | - J C Moraes
- Laboratories of Nutritional Genomics (V.O., D.E.C.), Limeira 13484-350, Cell Signaling (V.O., D.V., J.C.M., N.D., L.A.V., D.E.C.), and Molecular Biology of Exercise (R.M., L.P., A.S.R.d.S., E.R.R., J.R.P.); Innovare (G.A.S., R.R.C.); and Nutrigenomics and Lipids Center (A.S.-C., D.E.C.) and Biotechnology Center (E.R.R., J.R.P., D.E.C.), School of Applied Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil 13083-887; and Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Physiology (C.T.D.S.), Health Sciences Unit, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense Criciúma, Brazil 88806-000
| | - N Dragano
- Laboratories of Nutritional Genomics (V.O., D.E.C.), Limeira 13484-350, Cell Signaling (V.O., D.V., J.C.M., N.D., L.A.V., D.E.C.), and Molecular Biology of Exercise (R.M., L.P., A.S.R.d.S., E.R.R., J.R.P.); Innovare (G.A.S., R.R.C.); and Nutrigenomics and Lipids Center (A.S.-C., D.E.C.) and Biotechnology Center (E.R.R., J.R.P., D.E.C.), School of Applied Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil 13083-887; and Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Physiology (C.T.D.S.), Health Sciences Unit, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense Criciúma, Brazil 88806-000
| | - A Sartori-Cintra
- Laboratories of Nutritional Genomics (V.O., D.E.C.), Limeira 13484-350, Cell Signaling (V.O., D.V., J.C.M., N.D., L.A.V., D.E.C.), and Molecular Biology of Exercise (R.M., L.P., A.S.R.d.S., E.R.R., J.R.P.); Innovare (G.A.S., R.R.C.); and Nutrigenomics and Lipids Center (A.S.-C., D.E.C.) and Biotechnology Center (E.R.R., J.R.P., D.E.C.), School of Applied Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil 13083-887; and Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Physiology (C.T.D.S.), Health Sciences Unit, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense Criciúma, Brazil 88806-000
| | - L Pereira
- Laboratories of Nutritional Genomics (V.O., D.E.C.), Limeira 13484-350, Cell Signaling (V.O., D.V., J.C.M., N.D., L.A.V., D.E.C.), and Molecular Biology of Exercise (R.M., L.P., A.S.R.d.S., E.R.R., J.R.P.); Innovare (G.A.S., R.R.C.); and Nutrigenomics and Lipids Center (A.S.-C., D.E.C.) and Biotechnology Center (E.R.R., J.R.P., D.E.C.), School of Applied Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil 13083-887; and Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Physiology (C.T.D.S.), Health Sciences Unit, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense Criciúma, Brazil 88806-000
| | - R R Catharino
- Laboratories of Nutritional Genomics (V.O., D.E.C.), Limeira 13484-350, Cell Signaling (V.O., D.V., J.C.M., N.D., L.A.V., D.E.C.), and Molecular Biology of Exercise (R.M., L.P., A.S.R.d.S., E.R.R., J.R.P.); Innovare (G.A.S., R.R.C.); and Nutrigenomics and Lipids Center (A.S.-C., D.E.C.) and Biotechnology Center (E.R.R., J.R.P., D.E.C.), School of Applied Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil 13083-887; and Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Physiology (C.T.D.S.), Health Sciences Unit, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense Criciúma, Brazil 88806-000
| | - A S R da Silva
- Laboratories of Nutritional Genomics (V.O., D.E.C.), Limeira 13484-350, Cell Signaling (V.O., D.V., J.C.M., N.D., L.A.V., D.E.C.), and Molecular Biology of Exercise (R.M., L.P., A.S.R.d.S., E.R.R., J.R.P.); Innovare (G.A.S., R.R.C.); and Nutrigenomics and Lipids Center (A.S.-C., D.E.C.) and Biotechnology Center (E.R.R., J.R.P., D.E.C.), School of Applied Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil 13083-887; and Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Physiology (C.T.D.S.), Health Sciences Unit, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense Criciúma, Brazil 88806-000
| | - E R Ropelle
- Laboratories of Nutritional Genomics (V.O., D.E.C.), Limeira 13484-350, Cell Signaling (V.O., D.V., J.C.M., N.D., L.A.V., D.E.C.), and Molecular Biology of Exercise (R.M., L.P., A.S.R.d.S., E.R.R., J.R.P.); Innovare (G.A.S., R.R.C.); and Nutrigenomics and Lipids Center (A.S.-C., D.E.C.) and Biotechnology Center (E.R.R., J.R.P., D.E.C.), School of Applied Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil 13083-887; and Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Physiology (C.T.D.S.), Health Sciences Unit, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense Criciúma, Brazil 88806-000
| | - J R Pauli
- Laboratories of Nutritional Genomics (V.O., D.E.C.), Limeira 13484-350, Cell Signaling (V.O., D.V., J.C.M., N.D., L.A.V., D.E.C.), and Molecular Biology of Exercise (R.M., L.P., A.S.R.d.S., E.R.R., J.R.P.); Innovare (G.A.S., R.R.C.); and Nutrigenomics and Lipids Center (A.S.-C., D.E.C.) and Biotechnology Center (E.R.R., J.R.P., D.E.C.), School of Applied Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil 13083-887; and Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Physiology (C.T.D.S.), Health Sciences Unit, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense Criciúma, Brazil 88806-000
| | - C T De Souza
- Laboratories of Nutritional Genomics (V.O., D.E.C.), Limeira 13484-350, Cell Signaling (V.O., D.V., J.C.M., N.D., L.A.V., D.E.C.), and Molecular Biology of Exercise (R.M., L.P., A.S.R.d.S., E.R.R., J.R.P.); Innovare (G.A.S., R.R.C.); and Nutrigenomics and Lipids Center (A.S.-C., D.E.C.) and Biotechnology Center (E.R.R., J.R.P., D.E.C.), School of Applied Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil 13083-887; and Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Physiology (C.T.D.S.), Health Sciences Unit, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense Criciúma, Brazil 88806-000
| | - L A Velloso
- Laboratories of Nutritional Genomics (V.O., D.E.C.), Limeira 13484-350, Cell Signaling (V.O., D.V., J.C.M., N.D., L.A.V., D.E.C.), and Molecular Biology of Exercise (R.M., L.P., A.S.R.d.S., E.R.R., J.R.P.); Innovare (G.A.S., R.R.C.); and Nutrigenomics and Lipids Center (A.S.-C., D.E.C.) and Biotechnology Center (E.R.R., J.R.P., D.E.C.), School of Applied Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil 13083-887; and Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Physiology (C.T.D.S.), Health Sciences Unit, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense Criciúma, Brazil 88806-000
| | - D E Cintra
- Laboratories of Nutritional Genomics (V.O., D.E.C.), Limeira 13484-350, Cell Signaling (V.O., D.V., J.C.M., N.D., L.A.V., D.E.C.), and Molecular Biology of Exercise (R.M., L.P., A.S.R.d.S., E.R.R., J.R.P.); Innovare (G.A.S., R.R.C.); and Nutrigenomics and Lipids Center (A.S.-C., D.E.C.) and Biotechnology Center (E.R.R., J.R.P., D.E.C.), School of Applied Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil 13083-887; and Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Physiology (C.T.D.S.), Health Sciences Unit, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense Criciúma, Brazil 88806-000
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21
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Ma GS, Lopez-Sanchez I, Aznar N, Kalogriopoulos N, Pedram S, Midde K, Ciaraldi TP, Henry RR, Ghosh P. Activation of G proteins by GIV-GEF is a pivot point for insulin resistance and sensitivity. Mol Biol Cell 2015; 26:4209-23. [PMID: 26378251 PMCID: PMC4642855 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e15-08-0553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A long-held tenet in the field of diabetes is that the tipping point between insulin sensitivity and resistance resides at the level of insulin receptor/insulin receptor substrate–adaptor complexes. Here it is shown that activation of Gαi by GIV/Girdin is a decisive event within the metabolic insulin signaling cascade that reversibly orchestrates insulin sensitivity or resistance. Insulin resistance (IR) is a metabolic disorder characterized by impaired insulin signaling and cellular glucose uptake. The current paradigm for insulin signaling centers upon the insulin receptor (InsR) and its substrate IRS1; the latter is believed to be the sole conduit for postreceptor signaling. Here we challenge that paradigm and show that GIV/Girdin, a guanidine exchange factor (GEF) for the trimeric G protein Gαi, is another major hierarchical conduit for the metabolic insulin response. By virtue of its ability to directly bind InsR, IRS1, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase, GIV serves as a key hub in the immediate postreceptor level, which coordinately enhances the metabolic insulin response and glucose uptake in myotubes via its GEF function. Site-directed mutagenesis or phosphoinhibition of GIV-GEF by the fatty acid/protein kinase C-theta pathway triggers IR. Insulin sensitizers reverse phosphoinhibition of GIV and reinstate insulin sensitivity. We also provide evidence for such reversible regulation of GIV-GEF in skeletal muscles from patients with IR. Thus GIV is an essential upstream component that couples InsR to G-protein signaling to enhance the metabolic insulin response, and impairment of such coupling triggers IR. We also provide evidence that GIV-GEF serves as therapeutic target for exogenous manipulation of physiological insulin response and reversal of IR in skeletal muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary S Ma
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Inmaculada Lopez-Sanchez
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Nicolas Aznar
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Nicholas Kalogriopoulos
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Shabnam Pedram
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Krishna Midde
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Theodore P Ciaraldi
- Department of Veterans Affairs, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161
| | - Robert R Henry
- Department of Veterans Affairs, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161
| | - Pradipta Ghosh
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093 Department of Veterans Affairs, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161 Department of Cell and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093
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22
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Ohta M, Fujinami A, Kobayashi N, Amano A, Ishigami A, Tokuda H, Suzuki N, Ito F, Mori T, Sawada M, Iwasa K, Kitawaki J, Ohnishi K, Tsujikawa M, Obayashi H. Two chalcones, 4-hydroxyderricin and xanthoangelol, stimulate GLUT4-dependent glucose uptake through the LKB1/AMP-activated protein kinase signaling pathway in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Nutr Res 2015; 35:618-25. [PMID: 26077869 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2015.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Revised: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
4-Hydroxyderricin (4HD) and xanthoangelol (XAG) are major components of n-hexane/ethyl acetate (5:1) extract of the yellow-colored stem juice of Angelica keiskei. 4-Hydroxyderricin and XAG have been reported to increase glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4)-dependent glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, but the detailed mechanism of this phenomenon remains unknown. This present study was aimed at clarifying the detailed mechanism by which 4HD and XAG increase GLUT4-dependent glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Both 4HD and XAG increased glucose uptake and GLUT4 translocation to the plasma membrane. 4-Hydroxyderricin and XAG also stimulated the phosphorylation of 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and its downstream target acetyl-CoA carboxylase. In addition, phosphorylation of liver kinase B1 (LKB1), which acts upstream of AMPK, was also increased by 4HD and XAG treatment. Small interfering RNA knockdown of LKB1 attenuated 4HD- and XAG-stimulated AMPK phosphorylation and suppressed glucose uptake. These findings demonstrate that 4HD and XAG can increase GLUT4-dependent glucose uptake through the LKB1/AMPK signaling pathway in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuhiro Ohta
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe, 658-8558, Japan.
| | - Aya Fujinami
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe, 658-8558, Japan
| | - Norihiro Kobayashi
- Department of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe, 658-8558, Japan
| | - Akiko Amano
- Molecular Regulation of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan
| | - Akihito Ishigami
- Molecular Regulation of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan
| | - Harukuni Tokuda
- Department of Complementary and Alternative Medicine, Clinical R&D, Kanazawa University of Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Suzuki
- Department of Complementary and Alternative Medicine, Clinical R&D, Kanazawa University of Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Fumitake Ito
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Taisuke Mori
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Morio Sawada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Koichi Iwasa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Jo Kitawaki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | | | - Muneo Tsujikawa
- Institute of Bio-Response Informatics, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
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23
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Sánchez-Fernández G, Cabezudo S, García-Hoz C, Benincá C, Aragay AM, Mayor F, Ribas C. Gαq signalling: the new and the old. Cell Signal 2014; 26:833-48. [PMID: 24440667 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2014.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
In the last few years the interactome of Gαq has expanded considerably, contributing to improve our understanding of the cellular and physiological events controlled by this G alpha subunit. The availability of high-resolution crystal structures has led the identification of an effector-binding region within the surface of Gαq that is able to recognise a variety of effector proteins. Consequently, it has been possible to ascribe different Gαq functions to specific cellular players and to identify important processes that are triggered independently of the canonical activation of phospholipase Cβ (PLCβ), the first identified Gαq effector. Novel effectors include p63RhoGEF, that provides a link between G protein-coupled receptors and RhoA activation, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), implicated in the regulation of the Akt pathway, or the cold-activated TRPM8 channel, which is directly inhibited upon Gαq binding. Recently, the activation of ERK5 MAPK by Gq-coupled receptors has also been described as a novel PLCβ-independent signalling axis that relies upon the interaction between this G protein and two novel effectors (PKCζ and MEK5). Additionally, the association of Gαq with different regulatory proteins can modulate its effector coupling ability and, therefore, its signalling potential. Regulators include accessory proteins that facilitate effector activation or, alternatively, inhibitory proteins that downregulate effector binding or promote signal termination. Moreover, Gαq is known to interact with several components of the cytoskeleton as well as with important organisers of membrane microdomains, which suggests that efficient signalling complexes might be confined to specific subcellular environments. Overall, the complex interaction network of Gαq underlies an ever-expanding functional diversity that puts forward this G alpha subunit as a major player in the control of physiological functions and in the development of different pathological situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guzmán Sánchez-Fernández
- Departamento de Biología Molecular and Centro de Biologia Molecular "Severo Ochoa", CSIC-UAM, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sofía Cabezudo
- Departamento de Biología Molecular and Centro de Biologia Molecular "Severo Ochoa", CSIC-UAM, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlota García-Hoz
- Departamento de Biología Molecular and Centro de Biologia Molecular "Severo Ochoa", CSIC-UAM, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Anna M Aragay
- Department of Cell Biology, Molecular Biology Institute of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Federico Mayor
- Departamento de Biología Molecular and Centro de Biologia Molecular "Severo Ochoa", CSIC-UAM, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Catalina Ribas
- Departamento de Biología Molecular and Centro de Biologia Molecular "Severo Ochoa", CSIC-UAM, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa, Madrid, Spain.
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24
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Li Q, Hosaka T, Harada N, Nakaya Y, Funaki M. Activation of Akt through 5-HT2A receptor ameliorates serotonin-induced degradation of insulin receptor substrate-1 in adipocytes. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2013; 365:25-35. [PMID: 22975078 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2012.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2012] [Revised: 08/27/2012] [Accepted: 08/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) was found to be elevated in the serum of diabetic patients. In this study, we investigate the mechanism of insulin desensitization caused by 5-HT. In 3T3-L1 adipocytes, 5-HT treatment induced the translocation of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) from low density microsome (LDM), the important intracellular compartment for its functions, to cytosol, inducing IRS-1 ubiquitination and degradation. Moreover, inhibition of 5-HT-stimulated Akt activation by either ketanserin (a specific 5-HT2A receptor antagonist) or knocking-down the expression of 5-HT2A receptor promoted 5-HT-stimulated IRS-1 dissociation from 14-3-3β in LDM, leading to drastic ubiquitination. Interestingly, sarpogrelate, another antagonist of 5-HT2A receptor, protected IRS-1 from degradation through activation of Akt. This implicates the importance of Akt activation in extending IRS-1 life span through maintaining their optimal sub-location into adipocytes. Taken together, this study suggest that activation of Akt may be able to compensate the adverse effects of 5-HT by stabilizing IRS-1 in LDM.
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MESH Headings
- 14-3-3 Proteins/metabolism
- 3T3-L1 Cells
- Adipocytes, White/drug effects
- Adipocytes, White/metabolism
- Animals
- Cytosol/drug effects
- Cytosol/metabolism
- Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins/metabolism
- Insulin Resistance
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Obese
- Microsomes/drug effects
- Microsomes/metabolism
- Protein Stability/drug effects
- Protein Transport/drug effects
- Proteolysis/drug effects
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/agonists
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism
- RNA Interference
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A/chemistry
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A/genetics
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A/metabolism
- Serotonin/adverse effects
- Serotonin/chemistry
- Serotonin/metabolism
- Serotonin 5-HT2 Receptor Agonists/chemistry
- Serotonin 5-HT2 Receptor Agonists/metabolism
- Serotonin 5-HT2 Receptor Agonists/pharmacology
- Serotonin 5-HT2 Receptor Antagonists/pharmacology
- Ubiquitination/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinkai Li
- Clinical Research Center for Diabetes, Tokushima University Hospital, Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan.
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25
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Copps KD, White MF. Regulation of insulin sensitivity by serine/threonine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate proteins IRS1 and IRS2. Diabetologia 2012; 55:2565-2582. [PMID: 22869320 PMCID: PMC4011499 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-012-2644-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 672] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2012] [Accepted: 04/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The insulin receptor substrate proteins IRS1 and IRS2 are key targets of the insulin receptor tyrosine kinase and are required for hormonal control of metabolism. Tissues from insulin-resistant and diabetic humans exhibit defects in IRS-dependent signalling, implicating their dysregulation in the initiation and progression of metabolic disease. However, IRS1 and IRS2 are regulated through a complex mechanism involving phosphorylation of >50 serine/threonine residues (S/T) within their long, unstructured tail regions. In cultured cells, insulin-stimulated kinases (including atypical PKC, AKT, SIK2, mTOR, S6K1, ERK1/2 and ROCK1) mediate feedback (autologous) S/T phosphorylation of IRS, with both positive and negative effects on insulin sensitivity. Additionally, insulin-independent (heterologous) kinases can phosphorylate IRS1/2 under basal conditions (AMPK, GSK3) or in response to sympathetic activation and lipid/inflammatory mediators, which are present at elevated levels in metabolic disease (GRK2, novel and conventional PKCs, JNK, IKKβ, mPLK). An emerging view is that the positive/negative regulation of IRS by autologous pathways is subverted/co-opted in disease by increased basal and other temporally inappropriate S/T phosphorylation. Compensatory hyperinsulinaemia may contribute strongly to this dysregulation. Here, we examine the links between altered patterns of IRS S/T phosphorylation and the emergence of insulin resistance and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- K D Copps
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, CLS 16020, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - M F White
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, CLS 16020, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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26
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Siddle K. Molecular basis of signaling specificity of insulin and IGF receptors: neglected corners and recent advances. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2012; 3:34. [PMID: 22649417 PMCID: PMC3355962 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2012.00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2011] [Accepted: 02/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin and insulin-like growth factor (IGF) receptors utilize common phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt and Ras/extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling pathways to mediate a broad spectrum of "metabolic" and "mitogenic" responses. Specificity of insulin and IGF action in vivo must in part reflect expression of receptors and responsive pathways in different tissues but it is widely assumed that it is also determined by the ligand binding and signaling mechanisms of the receptors. This review focuses on receptor-proximal events in insulin/IGF signaling and examines their contribution to specificity of downstream responses. Insulin and IGF receptors may differ subtly in the efficiency with which they recruit their major substrates (IRS-1 and IRS-2 and Shc) and this could influence effectiveness of signaling to "metabolic" and "mitogenic" responses. Other substrates (Grb2-associated binder, downstream of kinases, SH2Bs, Crk), scaffolds (RACK1, β-arrestins, cytohesins), and pathways (non-receptor tyrosine kinases, phosphoinositide kinases, reactive oxygen species) have been less widely studied. Some of these components appear to be specifically involved in "metabolic" or "mitogenic" signaling but it has not been shown that this reflects receptor-preferential interaction. Very few receptor-specific interactions have been characterized, and their roles in signaling are unclear. Signaling specificity might also be imparted by differences in intracellular trafficking or feedback regulation of receptors, but few studies have directly addressed this possibility. Although published data are not wholly conclusive, no evidence has yet emerged for signaling mechanisms that are specifically engaged by insulin receptors but not IGF receptors or vice versa, and there is only limited evidence for differential activation of signaling mechanisms that are common to both receptors. Cellular context, rather than intrinsic receptor activity, therefore appears to be the major determinant of whether responses to insulin and IGFs are perceived as "metabolic" or "mitogenic."
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Siddle
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital Cambridge, UK.
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27
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Rebois RV, Hébert TE. Protein Complexes Involved in Heptahelical Receptor-Mediated Signal Transduction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.3109/10606820308243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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28
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Gurevich EV, Tesmer JJG, Mushegian A, Gurevich VV. G protein-coupled receptor kinases: more than just kinases and not only for GPCRs. Pharmacol Ther 2011; 133:40-69. [PMID: 21903131 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2011.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 264] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2011] [Accepted: 08/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) kinases (GRKs) are best known for their role in homologous desensitization of GPCRs. GRKs phosphorylate activated receptors and promote high affinity binding of arrestins, which precludes G protein coupling. GRKs have a multidomain structure, with the kinase domain inserted into a loop of a regulator of G protein signaling homology domain. Unlike many other kinases, GRKs do not need to be phosphorylated in their activation loop to achieve an activated state. Instead, they are directly activated by docking with active GPCRs. In this manner they are able to selectively phosphorylate Ser/Thr residues on only the activated form of the receptor, unlike related kinases such as protein kinase A. GRKs also phosphorylate a variety of non-GPCR substrates and regulate several signaling pathways via direct interactions with other proteins in a phosphorylation-independent manner. Multiple GRK subtypes are present in virtually every animal cell, with the highest expression levels found in neurons, with their extensive and complex signal regulation. Insufficient or excessive GRK activity was implicated in a variety of human disorders, ranging from heart failure to depression to Parkinson's disease. As key regulators of GPCR-dependent and -independent signaling pathways, GRKs are emerging drug targets and promising molecular tools for therapy. Targeted modulation of expression and/or of activity of several GRK isoforms for therapeutic purposes was recently validated in cardiac disorders and Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia V Gurevich
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, 2200 Pierce Avenue, Preston Research Building, Rm. 454, Nashville, TN 37232, United States.
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29
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Mayor F, Lucas E, Jurado-Pueyo M, Garcia-Guerra L, Nieto-Vazquez I, Vila-Bedmar R, Fernández-Veledo S, Murga C. G Protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2): A novel modulator of insulin resistance. Arch Physiol Biochem 2011; 117:125-30. [PMID: 21615207 DOI: 10.3109/13813455.2011.584693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) is emerging as a key, integrative node in many signalling pathways. Besides its canonical role in the modulation of the signalling mediated by many G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR), this protein can display a very complex network of functional interactions with a variety of signal transduction partners, in a stimulus, cell type, or context-specific way. We review herein recent data showing that GRK2 can regulate insulin-triggered transduction cascades at different levels and that this protein plays a relevant role in insulin resistance and obesity in vivo, what uncovers GRK2 as a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Mayor
- Departamento de Biología Molecular and Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain.
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30
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Klenke S, Siffert W. SNPs in genes encoding G proteins in pharmacogenetics. Pharmacogenomics 2011; 12:633-54. [DOI: 10.2217/pgs.10.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterotrimeric guanine-binding proteins (G proteins) transmit signals from the cell surface to intracellular signal cascades and are involved in various physiological and pathophysiological processes. Polymorphisms in the genes GNB3 (encoding the Gβ3 subunit), GNAS (encoding the Gαs subunit) and GNAQ (encoding the Gαq subunit) have been the primary focus of investigation. Polymorphisms in these genes could be associated with different complex phenotypes underlining that alterations in G-protein signaling can cause multiple disorders. G proteins present a point of convergence or ‘bottleneck’ between various receptors and effectors, thus making them a sensible tool for pharmacogenetic studies. The pharmacogenetic studies performed to date mostly demonstrate an association between G-protein polymorphisms and response to therapy or occurrence of adverse drug effects. Therefore, polymorphisms in genes encoding G-protein subunits may help to individualize drug treatment in various diseases with regard to both efficacy and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Winfried Siffert
- Institut für Pharmakogenetik, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45122 Essen, Germany
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Nunn C, Zhao P, Zou MX, Summers K, Guglielmo CG, Chidiac P. Resistance to age-related, normal body weight gain in RGS2 deficient mice. Cell Signal 2011; 23:1375-86. [PMID: 21447383 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2011.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2010] [Revised: 03/01/2011] [Accepted: 03/21/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
RGS2 (regulator of G protein signaling 2) is known to limit signals mediated via Gq- and Gs-coupled GPCRs (G protein coupled receptors), and it has been implicated in the differentiation of several cells types. The physiology of RGS2 knockout mice (rgs2(-/-)) has been studied in some detail, however, a metabolic phenotype has not previously been reported. We observed that old (21-24month) rgs2(-/-) mice weigh much less than wild-type C57BL/6 controls, and exhibit greatly reduced fat deposits, decreased serum lipids, and low leptin levels. Lower weight was evident as early as four weeks and continued throughout life. Younger adult male rgs2(-/-) mice (4-8months) were found to show similar strain-related differences as the aged animals, as well improved glucose clearance and insulin sensitivity, and enhanced beta-adrenergic and glucagon signaling in isolated hepatocytes. In addition, rgs2(-/-) pre-adipocytes had reduced levels of differentiation markers (Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ); lipoprotein lipase (Lpl); CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α (CEBPα)) and also rgs2(-/-) white adipocytes were small relative to controls, suggesting altered adipogenesis. In wild-type animals, RGS2 mRNA was decreased in brown adipose tissue after cold exposure (7 h at 4 °C) but increased in white adipose tissue in response to a high fat diet, also suggesting a role in lipid storage. No differences between strains were detected with respect to food intake, energy expenditure, GPCR-stimulated lipolysis, or adaptive thermogenesis. In conclusion this study points to RGS2 as being an important regulatory factor in controlling body weight and adipose function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Nunn
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
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Lee IH, Song SH, Campbell CR, Kumar S, Cook DI, Dinudom A. Regulation of the epithelial Na+ channel by the RH domain of G protein-coupled receptor kinase, GRK2, and Galphaq/11. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:19259-69. [PMID: 21464134 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.239772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The G protein-coupled receptor kinase (GRK2) belongs to a family of protein kinases that phosphorylates agonist-activated G protein-coupled receptors, leading to G protein-receptor uncoupling and termination of G protein signaling. GRK2 also contains a regulator of G protein signaling homology (RH) domain, which selectively interacts with α-subunits of the Gq/11 family that are released during G protein-coupled receptor activation. We have previously reported that kinase activity of GRK2 up-regulates activity of the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) in a Na(+) absorptive epithelium by blocking Nedd4-2-dependent inhibition of ENaC. In the present study, we report that GRK2 also regulates ENaC by a mechanism that does not depend on its kinase activity. We show that a wild-type GRK2 (wtGRK2) and a kinase-dead GRK2 mutant ((K220R)GRK2), but not a GRK2 mutant that lacks the C-terminal RH domain (ΔRH-GRK2) or a GRK2 mutant that cannot interact with Gαq/11/14 ((D110A)GRK2), increase activity of ENaC. GRK2 up-regulates the basal activity of the channel as a consequence of its RH domain binding the α-subunits of Gq/11. We further found that expression of constitutively active Gαq/11 mutants significantly inhibits activity of ENaC. Conversely, co-expression of siRNA against Gαq/11 increases ENaC activity. The effect of Gαq on ENaC activity is not due to change in ENaC membrane expression and is independent of Nedd4-2. These findings reveal a novel mechanism by which GRK2 and Gq/11 α-subunits regulate the activity ENaC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Il-Ha Lee
- Discipline of Physiology, The Bosch Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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A functional GNAQ promoter haplotype is associated with altered Gq expression and with insulin resistance and obesity in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Pharmacogenet Genomics 2011; 20:476-84. [PMID: 20562673 DOI: 10.1097/fpc.0b013e32833b7497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The G-protein Gq, encoded by GNAQ, is involved in glucose metabolism. The GNAQ promoter harbours three polymorphisms. The TT(-695/-694)GC polymorphism was already shown to affect Gq transcription. Accordingly, we (i) characterized the GNAQ promoter polymorphisms G(-173)A and G(-168)A, (ii) investigated potential influences upon the TT(-695/-694)GC polymorphism and (iii) studied the associations with metabolic abnormalities in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). METHODS Characterization of the polymorphisms was performed with electrophoretic mobility shift assays and reporter assays. Inhibition of lipolysis and Gq expression were measured in adipocytes isolated from female mammary tissue. We genotyped 266 healthy Caucasians, 265 women with PCOS, and 293 healthy, age-matched female controls to associate GNAQ promoter polymorphisms and haplotypes with anthropometric and metabolic variables. RESULTS The A(-168) allele was associated with significantly decreased transcriptional activity and altered transcription factor binding, whereas the G(-173)A polymorphism appeared functionally silent. Linkage and haplotype frequencies analysis resulted in four common haplotypes. In adipose tissue, a 44% higher Gq mRNA concentration was observed in homozygous GC(-695/-694)-G(-168) haplotypes compared with homozygous TT(-695/-694)-G(-168) haplotypes (P=0.046). This was associated with increased insulin inhibition of lipolysis in isolated adipocytes. In PCOS patients, the homozygous GC-G haplotype was associated with decreased insulin resistance and body mass index (BMI) compared with the homozygous TT-G haplotype (homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance: 3.4+/-0.4 vs. 5.6+/-0.7 mmol/l x mmol/l2, P=0.001; fasting insulin: 86.6+/-11.9 vs. 128.8+/-16.5 pmol/l, P=0.003; BMI: 29.3+/-1.2 vs. 33.9+/-1.3 kg/m2, P=0.002). No association with BMI was found in healthy women. CONCLUSION G(-168)A is functionally relevant and in linkage with TT(-695/-694)GC. GNAQ promoter diplotypes are associated with insulin resistance and obesity in PCOS.
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Malaguarnera R, Belfiore A. The insulin receptor: a new target for cancer therapy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2011; 2:93. [PMID: 22654833 PMCID: PMC3356071 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2011.00093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2011] [Accepted: 11/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A large body of evidences have shown that both the IGF-I receptor (IGF-IR) and the insulin receptor (IR) play a role in cancer development and progression. In particular, IR overactivation by IGF-II is common in cancer cells, especially in dedifferentiated/stem-like cells. In spite of these findings, until very recently, only IGF-IR but not IR has been considered a target in cancer therapy. Although several preclinical studies have showed a good anti-cancer activity of selective anti-IGF-IR drugs, the results of the clinical first trials have been disappointing. In fact, only a small subset of malignant tumors has shown an objective response to these therapies. Development of resistance to anti-IGF-IR drugs may include upregulation of IR isoform A (IR-A) in cancer cells and its overactivation by increased secretion of autocrine IGF-II. These findings have led to the concept that co-targeting IR together with IGF-IR may increase therapy efficacy and prevent adaptive resistance to selective anti-IGF-IR drugs. IR blockade should be especially considered in tumors with high IR-A:IGF-IR ratio and high levels of autocrine IGF-II. Conversely, insulin sensitizers, which ameliorate insulin resistance associated with metabolic disorders and cancer treatments, may have important implications for cancer prevention and management. Only few drugs co-targeting the IR and IGF-IR are currently available. Ideally, future IR targeting strategies should be able to selectively inhibit the tumor promoting effects of IR without impairing its metabolic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Malaguarnera
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Magna Graecia of CatanzaroCatanzaro, Italy
| | - Antonino Belfiore
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Magna Graecia of CatanzaroCatanzaro, Italy
- *Correspondence: Antonino Belfiore, Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario, Viale Europa, località Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy. e-mail:
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Imamura T. [Evaluation of insulin-induced GLUT4 vesicle transport and insulin resistance]. Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi 2010; 136:225-228. [PMID: 20948159 DOI: 10.1254/fpj.136.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
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Contreras-Ferrat AE, Toro B, Bravo R, Parra V, Vásquez C, Ibarra C, Mears D, Chiong M, Jaimovich E, Klip A, Lavandero S. An inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate (IP3)-IP3 receptor pathway is required for insulin-stimulated glucose transporter 4 translocation and glucose uptake in cardiomyocytes. Endocrinology 2010; 151:4665-77. [PMID: 20685879 DOI: 10.1210/en.2010-0116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular calcium levels ([Ca2+]i) and glucose uptake are central to cardiomyocyte physiology, yet connections between them have not been studied. We investigated whether insulin regulates [Ca2+]i in cultured cardiomyocytes, the participating mechanisms, and their influence on glucose uptake via SLC2 family of facilitative glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4). Primary neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were preloaded with the Ca2+ fluorescent dye fluo3-acetoxymethyl ester compound (AM) and visualized by confocal microscopy. Ca2+ transport pathways were selectively targeted by chemical and molecular inhibition. Glucose uptake was assessed using [3H]2-deoxyglucose, and surface GLUT4 levels were quantified in nonpermeabilized cardiomyocytes transfected with GLUT4-myc-enhanced green fluorescent protein. Insulin elicited a fast, two-component, transient increase in [Ca2+]i. Nifedipine and ryanodine prevented only the first component. The second one was reduced by inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3)-receptor-selective inhibitors (xestospongin C, 2 amino-ethoxydiphenylborate), by type 2 IP3 receptor knockdown via small interfering RNA or by transfected Gβγ peptidic inhibitor βARKct. Insulin-stimulated glucose uptake was prevented by bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetra-acetic acid-AM, 2-amino-ethoxydiphenylborate, and βARK-ct but not by nifedipine or ryanodine. Similarly, insulin-dependent exofacial exposure of GLUT4-myc-enhanced green fluorescent protein was inhibited by bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetra-acetic acid-AM and xestospongin C but not by nifedipine. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and Akt were also required for the second phase of Ca2+ release and GLUT4 translocation. Transfected dominant-negative phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase γ inhibited the latter. In conclusion, in primary neonatal cardiomyocytes, insulin induces an important component of Ca2+ release via IP3 receptor. This component signals to glucose uptake via GLUT4, revealing a so-far unrealized contribution of IP3-sensitive Ca2+ stores to insulin action. This pathway may influence cardiac metabolism in conditions yet to be explored in adult myocardium.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Animals, Newborn
- Calcium/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured
- Glucose/metabolism
- Glucose/pharmacokinetics
- Glucose Transporter Type 4/metabolism
- Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate/metabolism
- Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate/pharmacology
- Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate/physiology
- Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptors/metabolism
- Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptors/physiology
- Insulin/pharmacology
- Myocytes, Cardiac/drug effects
- Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism
- Protein Transport/drug effects
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Signal Transduction/physiology
- Up-Regulation/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- A E Contreras-Ferrat
- Centro Estudios Moleculares de la Célula, Facultad de Medicina, and Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Chile, Olivos 1007, Santiago 838-0492, Chile
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Garcia-Guerra L, Nieto-Vazquez I, Vila-Bedmar R, Jurado-Pueyo M, Zalba G, Díez J, Murga C, Fernández-Veledo S, Mayor F, Lorenzo M. G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 plays a relevant role in insulin resistance and obesity. Diabetes 2010; 59:2407-17. [PMID: 20627936 PMCID: PMC3279564 DOI: 10.2337/db10-0771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Insulin resistance is associated with the pathogenesis of metabolic disorders as type 2 diabetes and obesity. Given the emerging role of signal transduction in these syndromes, we set out to explore the possible role that G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2), first identified as a G protein-coupled receptor regulator, could have as a modulator of insulin responses. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We analyzed the influence of GRK2 levels in insulin signaling in myoblasts and adipocytes with experimentally increased or silenced levels of GRK2, as well as in GRK2 hemizygous animals expressing 50% lower levels of this kinase in three different models of insulin resistance: tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) infusion, aging, and high-fat diet (HFD). Glucose transport, whole-body glucose and insulin tolerance, the activation status of insulin pathway components, and the circulating levels of important mediators were measured. The development of obesity and adipocyte size with age and HFD was analyzed. RESULTS Altering GRK2 levels markedly modifies insulin-mediated signaling in cultured adipocytes and myocytes. GRK2 levels are increased by ∼2-fold in muscle and adipose tissue in the animal models tested, as well as in lymphocytes from metabolic syndrome patients. In contrast, hemizygous GRK2 mice show enhanced insulin sensitivity and do not develop insulin resistance by TNF-α, aging, or HFD. Furthermore, reduced GRK2 levels induce a lean phenotype and decrease age-related adiposity. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our data identify GRK2 as an important negative regulator of insulin effects, key to the etiopathogenesis of insulin resistance and obesity, which uncovers this protein as a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Garcia-Guerra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Iria Nieto-Vazquez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocio Vila-Bedmar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Jurado-Pueyo
- Departamento de Biología Molecular and Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM) and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillermo Zalba
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Javier Díez
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Cristina Murga
- Departamento de Biología Molecular and Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM) and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Madrid, Spain
- Corresponding authors: Cristina Murga, , and Sonia Fernández-Veledo,
| | - Sonia Fernández-Veledo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
- Corresponding authors: Cristina Murga, , and Sonia Fernández-Veledo,
| | - Federico Mayor
- Departamento de Biología Molecular and Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM) and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Margarita Lorenzo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
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Oh DY, Talukdar S, Bae EJ, Imamura T, Morinaga H, Fan W, Li P, Lu WJ, Watkins SM, Olefsky JM. GPR120 is an omega-3 fatty acid receptor mediating potent anti-inflammatory and insulin-sensitizing effects. Cell 2010; 142:687-98. [PMID: 20813258 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2010.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1746] [Impact Index Per Article: 124.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2010] [Revised: 05/24/2010] [Accepted: 07/19/2010] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Omega-3 fatty acids (omega-3 FAs), DHA and EPA, exert anti-inflammatory effects, but the mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we show that the G protein-coupled receptor 120 (GPR120) functions as an omega-3 FA receptor/sensor. Stimulation of GPR120 with omega-3 FAs or a chemical agonist causes broad anti-inflammatory effects in monocytic RAW 264.7 cells and in primary intraperitoneal macrophages. All of these effects are abrogated by GPR120 knockdown. Since chronic macrophage-mediated tissue inflammation is a key mechanism for insulin resistance in obesity, we fed obese WT and GPR120 knockout mice a high-fat diet with or without omega-3 FA supplementation. The omega-3 FA treatment inhibited inflammation and enhanced systemic insulin sensitivity in WT mice, but was without effect in GPR120 knockout mice. In conclusion, GPR120 is a functional omega-3 FA receptor/sensor and mediates potent insulin sensitizing and antidiabetic effects in vivo by repressing macrophage-induced tissue inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Young Oh
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been implicated in many intra- and intercellular processes. High levels of ROS are generated as part of the innate immunity in the respiratory burst of phagocytic cells. Low levels of ROS, however, are generated in a highly controlled manner by various cell types to act as second messengers in redox-sensitive pathways. A NADPH oxidase has been initially described as the respiratory burst enzyme in neutrophils. Stimulation of this complex enzyme system requires specific signaling cascades linking it to membrane-receptor activation. Subsequently, a family of NADPH oxidases has been identified in various nonphagocytic cells. They mainly differ in containing one out of seven homologous catalytic core proteins termed NOX1 to NOX5 and DUOX1 or 2. NADPH oxidase activity is controlled by regulatory subunits, including the NOX regulators p47phox and p67phox, their homologs NOXO1 and NOXA1, or the DUOX1 or 2 regulators DUOXA1 and 2. In addition, the GTPase Rac modulates activity of several of these enzymes. Recently, additional proteins have been identified that seem to have a regulatory function on NADPH oxidase activity under certain conditions. We will thus summarize molecular pathways linking activation of different membrane-bound receptors with increased ROS production of NADPH oxidases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Petry
- Experimental Pediatric Cardiology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
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Inoue E, Yamashita A, Inoue H, Sekiguchi M, Shiratori A, Yamamoto Y, Tadokoro T, Ishimi Y, Yamauchi J. Identification of glucose transporter 4 knockdown-dependent transcriptional activation element on the retinol binding protein 4 gene promoter and requirement of the 20 S proteasome subunit for transcriptional activity. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:25545-53. [PMID: 20530491 PMCID: PMC2919119 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.079152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2009] [Revised: 05/12/2010] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) is the transport protein that carries retinol in blood. RBP4 was described recently as a new adipokine that reduced insulin sensitivity. Mice lacking glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) in adipocytes have enhanced Rbp4 gene expression; however, the molecular mechanism is unknown. We found a G4KA (GLUT4 knockdown-dependent transcriptional activation) element located approximately 1.3 kb upstream of the Rbp4 promoter. Mutations within the G4KA sequence significantly reduced expression of the Rbp4 promoter-reporter construct in G4KD-L1 (GLUT4 knockdown 3T3-L1) adipocyte cells. In a yeast one-hybrid screen of a G4KD-L1 cell cDNA library, using the G4KA element as bait, we identified subunits of the 20 S proteasome, PSMB1 and PSMA4, as binding partners. In chromatin immunoprecipitation assays, both subunits bound to the G4KA element; however, only PSMB1 was tightly bound in the GLUT4 knockdown model. PSMB1 RNA interference, but not PSMA4, significantly inhibited Rbp4 transcription. Nuclear transportation of PSMB1 was increased in G4KD-L1 cells. These results provide evidence for an exclusive proteasome subunit-related mechanism for transcriptional activation of RBP4 within a GLUT4 knockdown model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erina Inoue
- From the Nutritional Epidemiology Program and
| | | | - Hirofumi Inoue
- the Department of Applied Biology and Chemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan
| | | | - Asuka Shiratori
- From the Nutritional Epidemiology Program and
- the Department of Applied Biology and Chemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan
| | - Yuji Yamamoto
- the Department of Applied Biology and Chemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan
| | - Tadahiro Tadokoro
- the Department of Applied Biology and Chemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Ishimi
- Food Function and Labeling Program, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjyuku, Tokyo 162-8636, Japan and
| | - Jun Yamauchi
- From the Nutritional Epidemiology Program and
- Food Function and Labeling Program, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjyuku, Tokyo 162-8636, Japan and
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Weeks KR, Dwyer DS, Aamodt EJ. Antipsychotic drugs activate the C. elegans akt pathway via the DAF-2 insulin/IGF-1 receptor. ACS Chem Neurosci 2010; 1:463-73. [PMID: 22778838 DOI: 10.1021/cn100010p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2010] [Accepted: 03/15/2010] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular modes of action of antipsychotic drugs are poorly understood beyond their effects at the dopamine D2 receptor. Previous studies have placed Akt signaling downstream of D2 dopamine receptors, and recent data have suggested an association between psychotic illnesses and defective Akt signaling. To characterize the effect of antipsychotic drugs on the Akt pathway, we used the model organism C. elegans, a simple system where the Akt/forkhead box O transcription factor (FOXO) pathway has been well characterized. All major classes of antipsychotic drugs increased signaling through the insulin/Akt/FOXO pathway, whereas four other drugs that are known to affect the central nervous system did not. The antipsychotic drugs inhibited dauer formation, dauer recovery, and shortened lifespan, three biological processes affected by Akt signaling. Genetic analysis showed that AKT-1 and the insulin and insulin-like growth factor receptor, DAF-2, were required for the antipsychotic drugs to increase signaling. Serotonin synthesis was partially involved, whereas the mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK), SEK-1 is a MAP kinase kinase (MAPKK), and calcineurin were not involved. This is the first example of a common but specific molecular effect produced by all presently known antipsychotic drugs in any biological system. Because untreated schizophrenics have been reported to have low levels of Akt signaling, increased Akt signaling might contribute to the therapeutic actions of antipsychotic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrine R. Weeks
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, Louisiana 71130-3932
| | - Donard S. Dwyer
- Department of Psychiatry and Department of Pharmacology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, Louisiana 71130-3932
| | - Eric J. Aamodt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, Louisiana 71130-3932
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Marty C, Ye RD. Heterotrimeric G protein signaling outside the realm of seven transmembrane domain receptors. Mol Pharmacol 2010; 78:12-8. [PMID: 20404072 DOI: 10.1124/mol.110.063453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterotrimeric G proteins, consisting of the guanine nucleotide-binding Galpha subunits with GTPase activity and the closely associated Gbeta and Ggamma subunits, are important signaling components for receptors with seven transmembrane domains (7TMRs). These receptors, also termed G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), act as guanine nucleotide exchange factors upon agonist stimulation. There is now accumulating evidence for noncanonical functions of heterotrimeric G proteins independent of 7TMR coupling. Galpha proteins belonging to all 4 subfamilies, including G(s), G(i), G(q), and G(12) are found to play important roles in receptor tyrosine kinase signaling, regulation of oxidant production, development, and cell migration, through physical and functional interaction with proteins other than 7TMRs. Association of Galpha with non-7TMR proteins also facilitates presentation of these G proteins to specific cellular microdomains. This Minireview aims to summarize our current understanding of the noncanonical roles of Galpha proteins in cell signaling and to discuss unresolved issues including regulation of Galpha activation by proteins other than the 7TMRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Marty
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Université Paris XI, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
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Nuclear factor-kappaB decoy oligodeoxynucleotides ameliorate impaired glucose tolerance and insulin resistance in mice with cecal ligation and puncture-induced sepsis. Crit Care Med 2009; 37:2791-9. [PMID: 19707125 DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0b013e3181ab844d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Insulin-resistant hyperglycemia is commonly observed in septic patients and may actually lead to some of adverse outcomes. We examined the changes in insulin signaling and glucose uptake regulation in sepsis and the involvement of the nuclear factor-kappaB pathway. DESIGN Controlled animal study. SETTING University research laboratory. SUBJECTS One hundred fifty-four BALB/c mice (8-12 wks of age). INTERVENTIONS The following four experimental groups were studied: sham-operated control, cecal ligation and puncture-induced sepsis, sepsis + nuclear factor-kappaB decoy oligodeoxynucleotide treatment, and sepsis + scrambled decoy oligodeoxynucleotide treatment. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Septic mice were markedly hyperinsulinemic with apparently normal blood glucose levels in the fasted state, suggesting they are insulin-resistant. In fact, glucose clearance in response to insulin was markedly impaired in septic mice. They had impaired GLUT4 membrane translocation resulting from impaired insulin signaling as indicated by the decreased amount of insulin receptor substrate protein and the reduced activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and Akt. Interestingly, injection of nuclear factor-kappaB decoy oligodeoxynucleotide into the skeletal muscle dramatically improved all of the changes, including glucose clearance and insulin signaling. We also found that the Cbl-associated protein to TC10 pathway, another pathway regulating GLUT4 translocation, was up-regulated in septic mice in a nuclear factor-kappaB-dependent manner. This pathway may be one of the compensatory mechanisms to translocate GLUT4 because silencing of the individual components of the pathway with small interfering RNAs further reduced GLUT4 translocation in muscles of septic mice. CONCLUSIONS In sepsis, skeletal muscle GLUT4 translocation is impaired as a result of the reduced phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt pathway associated with insulin receptor substrate down-regulation through nuclear factor-kappaB activation.
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Nuclear factor-[kappa]B decoy oligodeoxynucleotides ameliorate impaired glucose tolerance and insulin resistance in mice with cecal ligation and puncture-induced sepsis *. Crit Care Med 2009. [DOI: 10.1097/00003246-200910000-00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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de Oliveira CC, Acedo SC, Pedrazzoli J, Saad MJ, Gambero A. Depot-specific alterations to insulin signaling in mesenteric adipose tissue during intestinal inflammatory response. Int Immunopharmacol 2009; 9:396-402. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2008.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2008] [Revised: 11/27/2008] [Accepted: 12/17/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Sartori M, Ceolotto G, Dorigatti F, Mos L, Santonastaso M, Bratti P, Papparella I, Semplicini A, Palatini P. RGS2 C1114G polymorphism and body weight gain in hypertensive patients. Metabolism 2008; 57:421-7. [PMID: 18249218 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2007.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2007] [Accepted: 10/29/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
RGS2 is a negative regulator of Galpha protein signaling and promotes adipocyte differentiation. Recently, we described a polymorphism at the C1114G locus with the G allele associated with hypertension in a cross-sectional study. The aim of the present study was to assess whether the RGS2 C1114G is predictive of overweight in young subjects with grade I hypertension. We genotyped at the RGS2 C1114G locus 406 (male, n = 294; female, n = 112) white hypertensive subjects (age, 33 +/- 9 years) never treated for hypertension and at low cardiovascular risk. Median follow-up was 7.85 years. At baseline, male patients carrying the RGS2 1114G allele had higher body mass index (BMI) than patients with CC genotype (26.1 +/- 0.3 vs 25.3 +/- 0.3 kg/m2, P < .05). The frequency of male patients with BMI > or = 25 was similar between the patients with G allele and those with CC genotype (55.1% vs 47.8%, P = not significant). No significant difference between the 2 groups was observed with regard to physical activity, blood pressure, and heart rate. At the end of follow-up, BMI was higher in male patients with G allele compared with patients with CC genotype (26.8 +/- 0.3 vs 25.8 +/- 0.2 kg/m2, P < .01); and the frequency of male patients with BMI >25 kg/m2 was greater in the former (69.0% vs 52.2%, P < .01). According to Cox regression, allele G was a significant predictor of developing overweight or obesity during follow-up. These epidemiologic relations were not significant in female patients. In young male patients with grade I hypertension, RGS2 1114G allele is associated with increased BMI and with greater risk of developing overweight or obesity. The RGS2 1114G allele may be considered a genetic marker that predicts an individual's predisposition to gaining weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelangelo Sartori
- Department of Angiology and Blood Coagulation, S. Orsola-Malpighi, University Hospital, 40138 Bologna, Italy
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Misra UK, Pizzo SV. Heterotrimeric Gαq11 co-immunoprecipitates with surface-anchored GRP78 from plasma membranes of α2M*-stimulated macrophages. J Cell Biochem 2008; 104:96-104. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.21607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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de Luca C, Olefsky JM. Inflammation and insulin resistance. FEBS Lett 2007; 582:97-105. [PMID: 18053812 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2007.11.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 731] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2007] [Revised: 11/19/2007] [Accepted: 11/19/2007] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Obesity-induced chronic inflammation is a key component in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and the Metabolic syndrome. In this review, we focus on the interconnection between obesity, inflammation and insulin resistance. Pro-inflammatory cytokines can cause insulin resistance in adipose tissue, skeletal muscle and liver by inhibiting insulin signal transduction. The sources of cytokines in insulin resistant states are the insulin target tissue themselves, primarily fat and liver, but to a larger extent the activated tissue resident macrophages. While the initiating factors of this inflammatory response remain to be fully determined, chronic inflammation in these tissues could cause localized insulin resistance via autocrine/paracrine cytokine signaling and systemic insulin resistance via endocrine cytokine signaling all of which contribute to the abnormal metabolic state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl de Luca
- University of California at San Diego, Department of Medicine (0673), 225 Stein Clinical Research Building, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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Sears DD, Hsiao A, Ofrecio JM, Chapman J, He W, Olefsky JM. Selective modulation of promoter recruitment and transcriptional activity of PPARgamma. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2007; 364:515-21. [PMID: 17963725 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.10.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2007] [Accepted: 10/07/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) is a nuclear receptor regulated by the insulin-sensitizing thiazolidinediones (TZDs). We studied selective modulation of endogenous genes by PPARgamma ligands using microarray, RNA expression kinetics, and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. We found over 300 genes that were significantly regulated the TZDs pioglitazone, rosiglitazone, and troglitazone. TZD-mediated expression profiles were unique but overlapping. Ninety-one genes were commonly regulated by all three ligands. TZD time course and dose-response studies revealed gene- and TZD-specific expression kinetics. PEPCK expression was induced rapidly but PDK4 expression was induced gradually. Troglitazone EC50 values for PEPCK, PDK4, and RGS2 regulation were greater than those for pioglitazone and rosiglitazone. TZDs differentially induced histone acetylation of and PPARgamma recruitment to target gene promoters. Selective modulation of PPARgamma by TZDs resulted in distinct expression profiles and transcription kinetics which may be due to differential promoter activation and chromatin remodeling of target genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothy D Sears
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC0673, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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Kawamata Y, Imamura T, Babendure JL, Lu JC, Yoshizaki T, Olefsky JM. Tumor necrosis factor receptor-1 can function through a G alpha q/11-beta-arrestin-1 signaling complex. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:28549-28556. [PMID: 17664271 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m705869200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) is a proinflammatory cytokine secreted from macrophages and adipocytes. It is well known that chronic TNFalpha exposure can lead to insulin resistance both in vitro and in vivo and that elevated blood levels of TNFalpha are observed in obese and/or diabetic individuals. TNFalpha has many acute biologic effects, mediated by a complex intracellular signaling pathway. In these studies we have identified new G-protein signaling components to this pathway in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. We found that beta-arrestin-1 is associated with TRAF2 (TNF receptor-associated factor 2), an adaptor protein of TNF receptors, and that TNFalpha acutely stimulates tyrosine phosphorylation of G alpha(q/11) with an increase in G alpha(q/11) activity. Small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of beta-arrestin-1 inhibits TNFalpha-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of G alpha(q/11) by interruption of Src kinase activation. TNFalpha stimulates lipolysis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, and beta-arrestin-1 knockdown blocks the effects of TNFalpha to stimulate ERK activation and glycerol release. TNFalpha also led to activation of JNK with increased expression of the proinflammatory gene, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and matrix metalloproteinase 3, and beta-arrestin-1 knockdown inhibited both of these effects. Taken together these results reveal novel elements of TNFalpha action; 1) the trimeric G-protein component G alpha(q/11) and the adapter protein beta-arrestin-1 can function as signaling molecules in the TNFalpha action cascade; 2) beta-arrestin-1 can couple TNFalpha stimulation to ERK activation and lipolysis; 3) beta-arrestin-1 and G alpha(q/11) can mediate TNFalpha-induced phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activation and inflammatory gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Kawamata
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0673
| | - Takeshi Imamura
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0673
| | - Jennie L Babendure
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0673
| | - Juu-Chin Lu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0673
| | - Takeshi Yoshizaki
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0673
| | - Jerrold M Olefsky
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0673.
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