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Keuls RA, Ochsner SA, O'Neill MB, O'Day DR, Miyauchi A, Campbell KM, Lanners N, Goldstein JA, Yee C, McKenna NJ, Parchem RJ, Parchem JG. Single-nucleus transcriptional profiling of the placenta reveals the syncytiotrophoblast stress response to COVID-19. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2025; 232:S160-S175.e7. [PMID: 40253079 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2025.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2024] [Revised: 01/22/2025] [Accepted: 01/23/2025] [Indexed: 04/21/2025]
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 in pregnancy is associated with placental immune activation, inflammation, and vascular malperfusion, but its impact on syncytiotrophoblast biology and function is unclear. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine the effects of maternal COVID-19 on placental syncytiotrophoblasts using single-nucleus transcriptional profiling and to compare placental stress responses in COVID-19 and preeclampsia. STUDY DESIGN For transcriptional characterization of syncytiotrophoblasts, we used the single-nucleus RNA sequencing platform, single-cell combinatorial indexing RNA sequencing (sci-RNA-seq3), to profile placental villi and fetal membranes from unvaccinated patients with symptomatic COVID-19 at birth (n = 4), gestational age-matched controls (n = 4), and a case of critical COVID-19 in the second trimester with delivery at term (n = 1). Clustering of nuclei and differential gene expression analysis was performed in Seurat. Gene ontology analysis was conducted using Enrichr. High-confidence transcriptional target analysis was used to identify key transcription factor nodes governing the syncytiotrophoblast response to maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection. Bioinformatic approaches were further used to compare the COVID-19 dataset to published preeclampsia gene signatures. Tissue analysis, including immunofluorescence, was conducted to validate the transcriptional data and to compare COVID-19 and preeclampsia placental histology for an expanded cohort of placentas: controls (n = 6), asymptomatic COVID-19 (n = 3), symptomatic COVID-19 (n = 5), and preeclampsia with severe features (n = 7). RESULTS The analyzed dataset comprised 15 cell clusters and 47,889 nuclei. We identified 3 clusters of syncytiotrophoblasts representing fusing and mature nuclei with overlapping but distinct transcriptional responses to COVID-19. Bioinformatic analyses indicated that COVID-19 is associated with the following alterations in syncytiotrophoblasts: (1) endoplasmic reticulum stress and activation of stress signaling pathways, including the unfolded protein response and integrated stress response; (2) regulation of gene expression by CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta (CEBPB), a master transcription factor of the syncytiotrophoblast lineage; and (3) upregulation of preeclampsia-associated genes. Using complementary methods, we confirmed increased levels of stress response proteins (eg, BiP, G3BP1) in syncytiotrophoblasts, unfolded protein response signaling (spliced XBP1 mRNA), and CEBPB activation (phosphorylation) in COVID-19. Increased cytotrophoblast proliferation (Ki-67) was also detected in COVID-19, consistent with a trophoblast response to injury. Markers of stress detected in preeclampsia demonstrated similarities in the placental stress phenotype of COVID-19 and preeclampsia. CONCLUSION Maternal COVID-19 is associated with syncytiotrophoblast endoplasmic reticulum stress and activation of the syncytiotrophoblast lineage transcription factor, CEBPB. Similarities between syncytiotrophoblast stress in COVID-19 and preeclampsia provide insights into their clinical association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A Keuls
- Development, Disease Models & Therapeutics Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Scott A Ochsner
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Mary B O'Neill
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Diana R O'Day
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Akihiko Miyauchi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Kadeshia M Campbell
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Natalie Lanners
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Jeffery A Goldstein
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Connor Yee
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX; Larry C. Gilstrap MD Center for Perinatal and Women's Health Research, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Neil J McKenna
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Ronald J Parchem
- Development, Disease Models & Therapeutics Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX.
| | - Jacqueline G Parchem
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX.
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Wang F, Keating CR, Xu Y, Hou W, Malnassy G, Boedeker K, Perera A, Ham E, Patel D, Ding X, Qiu W. Suppression of Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Deletion of SIRT2 in Hepatocytes via Elevated C/EBPβ/GADD45γ. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2025; 19:101494. [PMID: 40081570 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2025.101494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2025] [Accepted: 02/28/2025] [Indexed: 03/16/2025]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS There is a gap in our understanding of mechanisms promoting hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and this limits our ability to provide targeted therapy interventions for HCC. In HCC samples, NAD-dependent deacetylase sirtuin 2 (SIRT2) levels are increased and associated with a significantly worse prognosis, but the role of SIRT2 in hepatocarcinogenesis remains controversial. METHODS To assess the role of SIRT2 in hepatocarcinogenesis, we used a hepatocyte-specific knockout of SIRT2 and two plasmid overexpression HCC models: c-MET (MET)/β-catenin (CAT) and protein kinase B (AKT)/Nras. RNA sequencing of mouse liver tissue was performed, and mechanistic findings were confirmed using immunohistochemistry (IHC), quantitative polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, and Cell Counting Kit-8. RESULTS Using the MET/CAT and AKT/Nras models, we found that SIRT2 is a significant mediator of liver tumorigenesis, with the knockout of SIRT2 delaying tumor growth. RNA sequencing of MET/CAT-driven tumor tissue showed an increase in growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible protein gamma (GADD45γ) in SIRT2 knockout mice compared with wild-type. GADD45γ is a known tumor suppressor, but the regulation of GADD45γ by SIRT2 has not been shown. CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta (C/EBPβ) proteins are known to regulate GADD45γ expression, and we found that C/EBPβ expression was increased in SIRT2 knockout livers and HCC cells. Also, C/EBPβ knockdown reversed GADD45γ expression and growth suppression following SIRT2 inhibition. Finally, C/EBPβ or GADD45γ overexpression significantly suppressed MET/CAT-induced HCC development. CONCLUSIONS SIRT2 is a potent tumor promotor in HCC that negatively regulates GADD45γ expression through C/EBPβ. The SIRT2-C/EBPβ-GADD45γ pathway elucidates a novel mechanism in HCC and establishes SIRT2 as a therapeutic target for patients with HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- Department of Surgery, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois; Department of Cancer Biology, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois
| | - Claudia Rose Keating
- Department of Surgery, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois; Department of Cancer Biology, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois
| | - Yingchen Xu
- Department of Surgery, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois; Department of Cancer Biology, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois; Department of General Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Hou
- Department of Surgery, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois; Department of Cancer Biology, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois
| | - Greg Malnassy
- Department of Surgery, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois; Department of Cancer Biology, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois
| | - Kyle Boedeker
- Department of Surgery, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois; Department of Cancer Biology, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois
| | - Aldeb Perera
- Department of Surgery, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois; Department of Cancer Biology, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois
| | - Eugene Ham
- Department of Surgery, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois; Department of Cancer Biology, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois
| | - Diya Patel
- Department of Surgery, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois; Department of Cancer Biology, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois
| | - Xianzhong Ding
- Department of Pathology, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois
| | - Wei Qiu
- Department of Surgery, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois; Department of Cancer Biology, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois.
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Sun Y, Wang J, Hu P, Tang Y, Wang Y, Ye J, Yang X, Yin J. Molecular mechanism through which Tripterygium hypoglaucum (Lévl.) Hutch alleviates psoriasis. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 181:117647. [PMID: 39504627 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2024] [Revised: 10/15/2024] [Accepted: 10/28/2024] [Indexed: 11/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Tripterygium hypoglaucum (Lévl.) Hutch rhizome (THH) is mainly used in the clinical setting for the treatment of autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. In total, four active compounds were isolated from THH methanol extract (THH-MeOH)and identified. The HPLC results showed that the proportions of the active ingredients in THH-MeOH (i.e., celastrol, triptolide, and 3-O-acetyloleanolic acid) were 0.79 ‰, 0.46 ‰, and 0.76 ‰, respectively. THH-MeOH attenuated the M5-induced hyperproliferation of HaCaT cells, decreased the mRNA expression levels of inflammatory cytokines, and inhibited the phosphorylation of IκBα, NF-κB p65, MAPK, and STAT3/JAK2. Furthermore, THH-MeOH significantly reduced PASI scores in mice; reduced the level of Ki67 expression in skin tissues; decreased the expression of inflammatory cytokines in the skin lesions and serum; and ameliorated the IMQ-induced imbalance in the RORγt/Foxp3 ratio. The extract can attenuate psoriasis-like lesions by inhibiting cellular hyperproliferation, ameliorating inflammatory reactions, and modulating immune responses. Our work provides a theoretical basis to support the use of THH for treating psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumei Sun
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Chiral Functional Substance Research and Application, Kunming, China; Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources, State Ethnic Affairs Commission & Ministry of Education, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, China
| | - Jihong Wang
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Chiral Functional Substance Research and Application, Kunming, China; Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources, State Ethnic Affairs Commission & Ministry of Education, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, China
| | - Peiyao Hu
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Chiral Functional Substance Research and Application, Kunming, China; Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources, State Ethnic Affairs Commission & Ministry of Education, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, China
| | - Yi Tang
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Chiral Functional Substance Research and Application, Kunming, China; Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources, State Ethnic Affairs Commission & Ministry of Education, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, China
| | - Yanwen Wang
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Chiral Functional Substance Research and Application, Kunming, China; Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources, State Ethnic Affairs Commission & Ministry of Education, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, China
| | - Jianzhou Ye
- Yunnan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China.
| | - Xuesong Yang
- Yunnan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Junlin Yin
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Chiral Functional Substance Research and Application, Kunming, China; Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources, State Ethnic Affairs Commission & Ministry of Education, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, China.
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Cui YY, Yang YH, Zheng JY, Ma HH, Han X, Liao CS, Zhou M. Elevated neutrophil extracellular trap levels in periodontitis: Implications for keratinization and barrier function in gingival epithelium. J Clin Periodontol 2024; 51:1210-1221. [PMID: 38839576 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.14025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
AIM To explore the levels of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in patients with periodontitis and examine their effects on keratinization, barrier function of human gingival keratinocytes (HGKs) and the associated mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Saliva, gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), clinical periodontal parameters and gingival specimens were collected from 10 healthy control subjects and 10 patients with stage II-IV periodontitis to measure the NET levels. Subsequently, mRNA and protein levels of keratinization and barrier indicators, as well as intracellular calcium and epithelial barrier permeability, were analysed in HGKs after NET stimulation. RESULTS The study showed that NET levels significantly elevated in patients with periodontitis, across multiple specimens including saliva, GCF and gingival tissues. Stimulation of HGKs with NETs resulted in a decrease in the expressions of involucrin, cytokeratin 10, zonula occludens 1 and E-cadherin, along with decreased intracellular calcium levels and increased epithelial barrier permeability. Furthermore, the inhibition of keratinization by NETs is ERK-KLF4-dependent. CONCLUSIONS This study indicates that NETs impair the barrier function of HGKs and suppress keratinization through ERK/KLF4 axis. These findings provide potential targets for therapeutic approaches in periodontitis to address impaired gingival keratinization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Yun Cui
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration & Tongji Research Institute of Stomatology & Department of Periodontology, Stomatological Hospital and Dental School, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Heng Yang
- Clinical Medicine Scientific and Technical Innovation Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-Yi Zheng
- Clinical Medicine Scientific and Technical Innovation Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui-Hui Ma
- Clinical Medicine Scientific and Technical Innovation Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xue Han
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration & Tongji Research Institute of Stomatology & Department of Periodontology, Stomatological Hospital and Dental School, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chong-Shan Liao
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration & Tongji Research Institute of Stomatology & Department of Periodontology, Stomatological Hospital and Dental School, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Zhou
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration & Tongji Research Institute of Stomatology & Department of Periodontology, Stomatological Hospital and Dental School, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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Ueno M, Gabe Y, Tobiishi M, Komiya A, Yuki T, Kawabata K, Takahashi Y, Suzuki T. Melanin accumulation in acanthotic seborrheic keratosis: Reduced proliferation and early differentiation of keratinocytes and increased number of melanocytes. Exp Dermatol 2024; 33:e15138. [PMID: 39005203 DOI: 10.1111/exd.15138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Seborrheic keratosis (SK) is a common benign tumour, often associated with hyperpigmentation. To investigate the mechanism of melanin accumulation in SK, we have conducted comprehensive gene expression and histological analyses. We obtained five pairs of skin samples, including non-lesional and SK samples, from the backs of three male Japanese participants aged 40-59 years. To examine melanocytes and keratinocytes in SK, three pairs of skin samples were separated by laser capture microdissection into the basal layer and the other layer in the epidermis. We performed a comprehensive gene expression analysis to identify differentially expressed genes between non-lesional and SK skin, followed by gene ontology and pathway analysis. We found abnormal morphogenesis and cell proliferation in the basal layer, along with increased immune response and impaired cell differentiation and metabolism in the other layer of SK. We focused on cell proliferation and differentiation, as these are directly associated with melanin accumulation. Immunohistochemical analyses of Ki67, keratin 10, and keratin 14 demonstrated the decreases in the proliferation and early differentiation of the epidermis. Contrarily, no significant changes were observed in terminal differentiation markers, filaggrin and loricrin. Although the number of melanocytes was higher in SK than in non-lesional skin, melanogenic activity showed no difference. These results indicated that melanin accumulation in SK is caused by delayed melanin excretion due to reduced turnover around the basal and spinous layers of the epidermis and melanin production due to an increased number of melanocytes. Our findings provide new insights for therapeutic approaches in SK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mizuki Ueno
- Biological Science Research, Kao Corporation, Odawara, Japan
| | - Yu Gabe
- Biological Science Research, Kao Corporation, Odawara, Japan
| | - Megumi Tobiishi
- Biological Science Research, Kao Corporation, Odawara, Japan
| | - Aya Komiya
- Safety Science Research, Kao Corporation, Odawara, Japan
| | - Takuo Yuki
- Biological Science Research, Kao Corporation, Odawara, Japan
| | - Keigo Kawabata
- Biological Science Research, Kao Corporation, Odawara, Japan
| | | | - Tamio Suzuki
- Department of Dermatology, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
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Hu B, Liu T, Wu Z, Phan SH. P53 regulates CCAAT/Enhancer binding protein β gene expression. Gene 2023; 884:147675. [PMID: 37541559 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The transcription factor CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β (C/EBPβ) is implicated in diverse processes and diseases. Its two isoforms, namely liver-enriched activator protein (LAP) and liver-enriched inhibitor protein (LIP) are translated from the same mRNA. They share the same C-terminal DNA binding domain except LAP has an extra N-terminal activation domain. Probably due to its higher affinity for its DNA cognate sequences, LIP can inhibit LAP transcriptional activity even at substoichiometric levels. However, the regulatory mechanism of C/EBPβ gene expression and the LAP: LIP ratio is unclear. METHODS In this study, the C/EBPβ promoter sequence was scanned for conserved P53 response element (P53RE), and binding of P53 to the C/EBPβ promoter was tested by Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay (EMSA) and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. P53 over-expression and dominant negative P53 expression plasmids were transfected into rat lung fibroblasts and tested for C/EBPβ gene transcription and expression. Western blot analysis was used to test the regulation of C/EBPβ LAP and LIP isoforms. Constructs containing the LAP 5'untranslated region (5'UTR) or the LIP 5'UTR region were used to test the importance of 5'UTR in the control of C/EBPβ LAP and LIP translation. RESULTS The C/EBPβ promoter sequence was found to contain a conserved P53 response element (P53RE), which binds P53 as demonstrated by Electrophoresis Mobility Shift Assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. P53 over-expression suppressed while dominant negative P53 stimulated C/EBPβ gene transcription and expression. Western blot analysis showed that P53 differentially regulated the translation of the C/EBPβ LAP and LIP isoforms through the regulation of eIF4E and eIF4E-BP1. Further studies with constructs containing the LAP 5'untranslated region (5'UTR) or the LIP 5'UTR region showed that the 5'UTR is important in differential control of C/EBPβ LAP and LIP translation. CONCLUSION Analysis of the effects of P53 on C/EBPβ expression revealed a novel mechanism by which P53 could antagonize the effects of C/EBPβ on its target gene expression. For the first time, P53 is shown to be a repressor of C/EBPβ gene expression at both transcriptional and translational levels, with a differential effect in the magnitude of the effect on LAP vs. LIP isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Hu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, 1600 Huron Parkway, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - Tianju Liu
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - Zhe Wu
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - Sem H Phan
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
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Amidzadeh Z, Yasami‐Khiabani S, Rahimi H, Bonakdar S, Shams D, Habibi‐Anbouhi M, Golkar M, Shokrgozar MA. Enhancement of keratinocyte growth factor potential in inducing adipose‐derived stem cells differentiation into keratinocytes by collagen‐targeting. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:5929-5942. [DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Amidzadeh
- National Cell Bank of Iran Pasteur Institute of Iran Tehran Iran
- Department of Parasitology Pasteur Institute of Iran Tehran Iran
| | | | - Hamzeh Rahimi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biotechnology Research Center Pasteur Institute of Iran Tehran Iran
| | - Shahin Bonakdar
- National Cell Bank of Iran Pasteur Institute of Iran Tehran Iran
| | - Davoud Shams
- National Cell Bank of Iran Pasteur Institute of Iran Tehran Iran
| | | | - Majid Golkar
- Department of Parasitology Pasteur Institute of Iran Tehran Iran
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Kantzer CG, Yang W, Grommisch D, Patil KV, Mak KHM, Shirokova V, Genander M. ID1 and CEBPA coordinate epidermal progenitor cell differentiation. Development 2022; 149:282464. [PMID: 36330928 PMCID: PMC9845743 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The regulatory circuits that coordinate epidermal differentiation during development are still not fully understood. Here, we report that the transcriptional regulator ID1 is enriched in mouse basal epidermal progenitor cells and find ID1 expression to be diminished upon differentiation. In utero silencing of Id1 impairs progenitor cell proliferation, leads to precocious delamination of targeted progenitor cells and enables differentiated keratinocytes to retain progenitor markers and characteristics. Transcriptional profiling suggests that ID1 acts by mediating adhesion to the basement membrane while inhibiting spinous layer differentiation. Co-immunoprecipitation reveals ID1 binding to transcriptional regulators of the class I bHLH family. We localize bHLH Tcf3, Tcf4 and Tcf12 to epidermal progenitor cells during epidermal stratification and establish TCF3 as a downstream effector of ID1-mediated epidermal proliferation. Finally, we identify crosstalk between CEBPA, a known mediator of epidermal differentiation, and Id1, and demonstrate that CEBPA antagonizes BMP-induced activation of Id1. Our work establishes ID1 as a key coordinator of epidermal development, acting to balance progenitor proliferation with differentiation and unveils how functional crosstalk between CEBPA and Id1 orchestrates epidermal lineage progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - David Grommisch
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kim Vikhe Patil
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kylie Hin-Man Mak
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vera Shirokova
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Genander
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden,Author for correspondence ()
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Li T, Gao S, Han W, Gao Z, Wei Y, Wu G, Qiqiu W, Chen L, Feng Y, Yue S, Kuang H, Jiang X. Potential effects and mechanisms of Chinese herbal medicine in the treatment of psoriasis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 294:115275. [PMID: 35487447 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory dermatosis related to high morbidity and mortality. The incidence of psoriasis is increasing in recent decades. Some patients with psoriasis are anxious about the underlying side effects of synthetic drugs they are on. Therefore, they are eager to seek alternative and efficient therapy, such as Chinese herbal medicine (CHM). Researchers have found some CHM provides best source for the development of anti-psoriatic drugs because of their structural diversity and fewer adverse reactions. Some of CHM formulas or active constituents extracted from CHM have been rapidly developed into clinical drugs with good efficacy. At present, along with the CHM formulas, single CHM and its active components have been extensively accepted and utilized in the treatment of psoriasis, whose therapeutic mechanisms hitherto have not been thoroughly illustrated. AIM OF THE STUDY This review aimed to comprehensively summarize about the existing therapeutic mechanisms of CHM in the treatment of psoriasis and to provide a reference to develop future related studies in this field. MATERIALS AND METHODS Relevant literatures about how CHM treated psoriasis were acquired from published scientific studies (including PubMed, CNKI, Web of Science, Baidu Scholar, The Plant List, Elsevier and SciFinder). All plants appearing in the review have been included in The Plant List or Medicinal Plant Names Services (MPNS). RESULTS In this review, we collect numerous literatures about how CHM treats psoriasis via immune cells, signaling pathways and disease-related mediators and systematically elucidates potential mechanisms from the point of the suppression of oxidative stress, the inhibition of abnormal abnormal proliferation and differentiation, the inhibition of immune responses, and the suppression of angiogenesis. CONCLUSIONS Psoriasis is considered as a complicated disease caused by interaction among various mechanisms. The CHM formulas, single CHM and its active components have considerable positive reports about the treatment of psoriasis, which brings hope for a promising future of CHM in the clinical therapy of psoriasis. In the paper, we have concluded that the existing therapeutic mechanisms of CHM in the treatment of psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Li
- School of Medicine, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, No.257 Liu-shi Road, Yufeng District, Liuzhou, 545005, China
| | - Si Gao
- School of Medicine, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, No.257 Liu-shi Road, Yufeng District, Liuzhou, 545005, China
| | - Wei Han
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.4 Dong-qing Road, Huaxi District, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Zhenqiu Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Yancheng Teachers University, Xiwang Road, Tinghu District, Yancheng, 224007, China
| | - Yundong Wei
- School of Medicine, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, No.257 Liu-shi Road, Yufeng District, Liuzhou, 545005, China
| | - Gang Wu
- School of Medicine, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, No.257 Liu-shi Road, Yufeng District, Liuzhou, 545005, China
| | - Wei Qiqiu
- School of Medicine, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, No.257 Liu-shi Road, Yufeng District, Liuzhou, 545005, China
| | - Li Chen
- School of Medicine, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, No.257 Liu-shi Road, Yufeng District, Liuzhou, 545005, China
| | - Yiping Feng
- School of Medicine, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, No.257 Liu-shi Road, Yufeng District, Liuzhou, 545005, China
| | - Shijiao Yue
- Gangnan Castle Peak Psychiatric Hospital, Jiangnan Industrial Park District, Guigang, 537100, China
| | - Haixue Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica (Ministry of Education), Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.24 Heping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150040, China.
| | - Xudong Jiang
- School of Medicine, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, No.257 Liu-shi Road, Yufeng District, Liuzhou, 545005, China.
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10
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Valentine JM, Ahmadian M, Keinan O, Abu-Odeh M, Zhao P, Zhou X, Keller MP, Gao H, Yu RT, Liddle C, Downes M, Zhang J, Lusis AJ, Attie AD, Evans RM, Rydén M, Saltiel AR. β3-Adrenergic receptor downregulation leads to adipocyte catecholamine resistance in obesity. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:e153357. [PMID: 34847077 PMCID: PMC8759781 DOI: 10.1172/jci153357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The dysregulation of energy homeostasis in obesity involves multihormone resistance. Although leptin and insulin resistance have been well characterized, catecholamine resistance remains largely unexplored. Murine β3-adrenergic receptor expression in adipocytes is orders of magnitude higher compared with that of other isoforms. While resistant to classical desensitization pathways, its mRNA (Adrb3) and protein expression are dramatically downregulated after ligand exposure (homologous desensitization). β3-Adrenergic receptor downregulation also occurs after high-fat diet feeding, concurrent with catecholamine resistance and elevated inflammation. This downregulation is recapitulated in vitro by TNF-α treatment (heterologous desensitization). Both homologous and heterologous desensitization of Adrb3 were triggered by induction of the pseudokinase TRIB1 downstream of the EPAC/RAP2A/PI-PLC pathway. TRIB1 in turn degraded the primary transcriptional activator of Adrb3, CEBPα. EPAC/RAP inhibition enhanced catecholamine-stimulated lipolysis and energy expenditure in obese mice. Moreover, adipose tissue expression of genes in this pathway correlated with body weight extremes in a cohort of genetically diverse mice and with BMI in 2 independent cohorts of humans. These data implicate a signaling axis that may explain reduced hormone-stimulated lipolysis in obesity and resistance to therapeutic interventions with β3-adrenergic receptor agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, Bioengineering, Chemistry, and Biochemistry, UCSD, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Mark P. Keller
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Hui Gao
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ruth T. Yu
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Sciences, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Christopher Liddle
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research and Sydney School of Medicine, University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michael Downes
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Sciences, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Bioengineering, Chemistry, and Biochemistry, UCSD, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Aldons J. Lusis
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, Department of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Alan D. Attie
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Ronald M. Evans
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Sciences, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Mikael Rydén
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alan R. Saltiel
- Department of Medicine and
- Department of Pharmacology, Bioengineering, Chemistry, and Biochemistry, UCSD, San Diego, California, USA
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11
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Cockburn K, Annusver K, Gonzalez DG, Ganesan S, May DP, Mesa KR, Kawaguchi K, Kasper M, Greco V. Gradual differentiation uncoupled from cell cycle exit generates heterogeneity in the epidermal stem cell layer. Nat Cell Biol 2022; 24:1692-1700. [PMID: 36357619 PMCID: PMC9729105 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-022-01021-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Highly regenerative tissues continuously produce terminally differentiated cells to replace those that are lost. How they orchestrate the complex transition from undifferentiated stem cells towards post-mitotic, molecularly distinct and often spatially segregated differentiated populations is not well understood. In the adult skin epidermis, the stem cell compartment contains molecularly heterogeneous subpopulations1-4 whose relationship to the complete trajectory of differentiation remains unknown. Here we show that differentiation, from commitment to exit from the stem cell layer, is a multi-day process wherein cells transit through a continuum of transcriptional changes with upregulation of differentiation genes preceding downregulation of typical stemness genes. Differentiation-committed cells remain capable of dividing to produce daughter cells fated to further differentiate, demonstrating that differentiation is uncoupled from cell cycle exit. These cell divisions are not required as part of an obligate transit-amplifying programme but help to buffer the differentiating cell pool during heightened demand. Thus, instead of distinct contributions from multiple progenitors, a continuous gradual differentiation process fuels homeostatic epidermal turnover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Cockburn
- grid.47100.320000000419368710Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT USA ,grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Present Address: Department of Biochemistry and Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec Canada
| | - Karl Annusver
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - David G. Gonzalez
- grid.47100.320000000419368710Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT USA
| | - Smirthy Ganesan
- grid.47100.320000000419368710Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT USA
| | - Dennis P. May
- grid.47100.320000000419368710Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT USA
| | - Kailin R. Mesa
- grid.47100.320000000419368710Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT USA
| | - Kyogo Kawaguchi
- grid.508743.dNonequilibrium Physics of Living Matter RIKEN Habuki Research Team, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan ,grid.7597.c0000000094465255RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Kobe, Japan ,grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XUniversal Biology Institute, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Maria Kasper
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Valentina Greco
- grid.47100.320000000419368710Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT USA ,grid.47100.320000000419368710Departments of Cell Biology and Dermatology, Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT USA
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12
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Ozols M, Eckersley A, Mellody KT, Mallikarjun V, Warwood S, O'Cualain R, Knight D, Watson REB, Griffiths CEM, Swift J, Sherratt MJ. Peptide location fingerprinting reveals modification-associated biomarker candidates of ageing in human tissue proteomes. Aging Cell 2021; 20:e13355. [PMID: 33830638 PMCID: PMC8135079 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Although dysfunctional protein homeostasis (proteostasis) is a key factor in many age-related diseases, the untargeted identification of structurally modified proteins remains challenging. Peptide location fingerprinting is a proteomic analysis technique capable of identifying structural modification-associated differences in mass spectrometry (MS) data sets of complex biological samples. A new webtool (Manchester Peptide Location Fingerprinter), applied to photoaged and intrinsically aged skin proteomes, can relatively quantify peptides and map statistically significant differences to regions within protein structures. New photoageing biomarker candidates were identified in multiple pathways including extracellular matrix organisation (collagens and proteoglycans), protein synthesis and folding (ribosomal proteins and TRiC complex subunits), cornification (keratins) and hemidesmosome assembly (plectin and integrin α6β4). Crucially, peptide location fingerprinting uniquely identified 120 protein biomarker candidates in the dermis and 71 in the epidermis which were modified as a consequence of photoageing but did not differ significantly in relative abundance (measured by MS1 ion intensity). By applying peptide location fingerprinting to published MS data sets, (identifying biomarker candidates including collagen V and versican in ageing tendon) we demonstrate the potential of the MPLF webtool for biomarker discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matiss Ozols
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology & Regenerative Medicine The University of Manchester Manchester UK
| | - Alexander Eckersley
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology & Regenerative Medicine The University of Manchester Manchester UK
| | - Kieran T. Mellody
- Division of Musculoskeletal & Dermatological Sciences The University of Manchester Manchester UK
| | - Venkatesh Mallikarjun
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology & Regenerative Medicine The University of Manchester Manchester UK
- Wellcome Centre for Cell‐Matrix Research The University of Manchester Manchester UK
| | - Stacey Warwood
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology & Regenerative Medicine The University of Manchester Manchester UK
- Biological Mass Spectrometry Core Research Facility School of Biological Sciences Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health The University of Manchester Manchester UK
| | - Ronan O'Cualain
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology & Regenerative Medicine The University of Manchester Manchester UK
- Biological Mass Spectrometry Core Research Facility School of Biological Sciences Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health The University of Manchester Manchester UK
| | - David Knight
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology & Regenerative Medicine The University of Manchester Manchester UK
- Biological Mass Spectrometry Core Research Facility School of Biological Sciences Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health The University of Manchester Manchester UK
| | - Rachel E. B. Watson
- Division of Musculoskeletal & Dermatological Sciences The University of Manchester Manchester UK
- NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research CentreCentral Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustManchester Academic Health Science Centre Manchester UK
| | - Christopher E. M. Griffiths
- Division of Musculoskeletal & Dermatological Sciences The University of Manchester Manchester UK
- NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research CentreCentral Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustManchester Academic Health Science Centre Manchester UK
| | - Joe Swift
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology & Regenerative Medicine The University of Manchester Manchester UK
- Wellcome Centre for Cell‐Matrix Research The University of Manchester Manchester UK
| | - Michael J. Sherratt
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology & Regenerative Medicine The University of Manchester Manchester UK
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13
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Lala-Tabbert N, AlSudais H, Marchildon F, Fu D, Wiper-Bergeron N. CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta promotes muscle stem cell quiescence through regulation of quiescence-associated genes. Stem Cells 2020; 39:345-357. [PMID: 33326659 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Regeneration of skeletal muscle depends on resident muscle stem cells called satellite cells that in healthy, uninjured muscle remain quiescent (noncycling). After activation and expansion of satellite cells postinjury, satellite cell numbers return to uninjured levels and return to mitotic quiescence. Here, we show that the transcription factor CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta (C/EBPβ) is required to maintain quiescence of satellite cells in uninjured muscle. We show that C/EBPβ is expressed in quiescent satellite cells in vivo and upregulated in noncycling myoblasts in vitro. Loss of C/EBPβ in satellite cells promotes their premature exit from quiescence resulting in spontaneous activation and differentiation of the stem cell pool. Forced expression of C/EBPβ in myoblasts inhibits proliferation by upregulation of 28 quiescence-associated genes. Furthermore, we find that caveolin-1 is a direct transcriptional target of C/EBPβ and is required for cell cycle exit in muscle satellite cells expressing C/EBPβ. The induction of mitotic quiescence is considered necessary for the long-term maintenance of adult stem cell populations with dysregulation driving increased differentiation of progenitors and depletion of the stem cell pool. Our findings place C/EBPβ as an important transcriptional regulator of muscle satellite cell quiescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neena Lala-Tabbert
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Apoptosis Research Centre, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hamood AlSudais
- Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - François Marchildon
- Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Laboratory of Molecular Metabolism, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Dechen Fu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Cleveland Clinic, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Nadine Wiper-Bergeron
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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14
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Gao J, Chen F, Fang H, Mi J, Qi Q, Yang M. Daphnetin inhibits proliferation and inflammatory response in human HaCaT keratinocytes and ameliorates imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like skin lesion in mice. Biol Res 2020; 53:48. [PMID: 33081840 PMCID: PMC7576854 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-020-00316-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psoriasis is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease. Keratinocytes hyperproliferation and excessive inflammatory response contribute to psoriasis pathogenesis. The agents able to attenuate keratinocytes hyperproliferation and excessive inflammatory response are considered to be potentially useful for psoriasis treatment. Daphnetin exhibits broad bioactivities including anti-proliferation and anti-inflammatory. This study aims to evaluate the anti-psoriatic potential of daphnetin in vitro and in vivo, and explore underlying mechanisms. METHODS HaCaT keratinocytes was stimulated with the mixture of IL-17A, IL-22, oncostatin M, IL-1α, and TNF-α (M5) to establish psoriatic keratinocyte model in vitro. Cell viability was measured using Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8). Quantitative Real-Time PCR (qRT-PCR) was performed to measure the mRNA levels of hyperproliferative marker gene keratin 6 (KRT6), differentiation marker gene keratin 1 (KRT1) and inflammatory factors IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, IL-23A and MCP-1. Western blotting was used to detect the protein levels of p65 and p-p65. Indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) was carried out to detect p65 nuclear translocation. Imiquimod (IMQ) was used to construct psoriasis-like mouse model. Psoriasis severity (erythema, scaling) was scored based on Psoriasis Area Severity Index (PASI). Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining was performed to examine histological change in skin lesion. The expression of inflammatory factors including IL-6, TNF-α, IL-23A and IL-17A in skin lesion was measured by qRT-PCR. RESULTS Daphnetin attenuated M5-induced hyperproliferation in HaCaT keratinocytes. M5 stimulation significantly upregulated mRNA levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, IL-23A and MCP-1. However, daphnetin treatment partially attenuated the upregulation of those inflammatory cytokines. Daphnetin was found to be able to inhibit p65 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation in HaCaT keratinocytes. In addition, daphnetin significantly ameliorate the severity of skin lesion (erythema, scaling and epidermal thickness, inflammatory cell infiltration) in IMQ-induced psoriasis-like mouse model. Daphnetin treatment attenuated IMQ-induced upregulation of inflammatory cytokines including IL-6, IL-23A and IL-17A in skin lesion of mice. CONCLUSIONS Daphnetin was able to attenuate proliferation and inflammatory response induced by M5 in HaCaT keratinocytes through suppression of NF-κB signaling pathway. Daphnetin could ameliorate the severity of skin lesion and improve inflammation status in IMQ-induced psoriasis-like mouse model. Daphnetin could be an attractive candidate for future development as an anti-psoriatic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jintao Gao
- College of Biotechnology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541100 Guangxi People’s Republic of China
| | - Fangru Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001 Guangxi People’s Republic of China
| | - Huanan Fang
- College of Biotechnology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541100 Guangxi People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Mi
- College of Biotechnology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541100 Guangxi People’s Republic of China
| | - Qi Qi
- College of Biotechnology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541100 Guangxi People’s Republic of China
| | - Mengjuan Yang
- College of Biotechnology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541100 Guangxi People’s Republic of China
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15
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The "Janus" Role of C/EBPs Family Members in Cancer Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124308. [PMID: 32560326 PMCID: PMC7352866 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteins (C/EBPs) constitute a family of transcription factors composed of six members that are critical for normal cellular differentiation in a variety of tissues. They promote the expression of genes through interaction with their promoters. Moreover, they have a key role in regulating cellular proliferation through interaction with cell cycle proteins. C/EBPs are considered to be tumor suppressor factors due to their ability to arrest cell growth (contributing to the terminal differentiation of several cell types) and for their role in cellular response to DNA damage, nutrient deprivation, hypoxia, and genotoxic agents. However, C/EBPs can elicit completely opposite effects on cell proliferation and cancer development and they have been described as both tumor promoters and tumor suppressors. This "Janus" role of C/EBPs depends on different factors, such as the type of tumor, the isoform/s expressed in cells, the type of dimerization (homo- or heterodimerization), the presence of inhibitory elements, and the ability to inhibit the expression of other tumor suppressors. In this review, we discuss the implication of the C/EBPs family in cancer, focusing on the molecular aspects that make these transcription factors tumor promoters or tumor suppressors.
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16
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Su S, Ndiaye M, Singh CK, Ahmad N. Mitochondrial Sirtuins in Skin and Skin Cancers. Photochem Photobiol 2020; 96:973-980. [PMID: 32124989 DOI: 10.1111/php.13254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian sirtuins (SIRTs 1-7) are a family of NAD+-dependent deacetylases with distinct subcellular localization and biological functions that regulate various important cellular processes. Among these, SIRTs -3, -4 and -5 are located in the mitochondria and have been implicated in caloric restriction, oxidative stress, aging and various human diseases. Emerging evidence has found dysregulation of mitochondrial sirtuins in multiple dermatological conditions, including responses to ultraviolet radiation (UVR), suggesting their importance in maintaining skin health. In this review, we discuss the roles and implications of mitochondrial sirtuins in cutaneous cellular processes, and their emerging potential as a target for the management of skin diseases, including skin cancer. Among mitochondrial sirtuins, SIRT3 is the most studied and linked to multiple skin conditions and diseases (keratinocyte differentiation, wound healing, chronological aging, UVR and ozone response, systemic sclerosis, melanoma, basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)). SIRT4 has been connected to keratinocyte differentiation, chronological aging, UVR response, alopecia, BCC and SCC. Further, SIRT5 has been associated with keratinocyte differentiation, melanoma, BCC and SCC. Overall, while there is compelling evidence for the involvement of mitochondrial sirtuins in skin, additional detailed studies are needed to understand their exact roles in skin and skin cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengqin Su
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
| | - Mary Ndiaye
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
| | - Chandra K Singh
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
| | - Nihal Ahmad
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI.,William S. Middleton VA Medical Center, Madison, WI
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17
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Emerging Role of C/EBPβ and Epigenetic DNA Methylation in Ageing. Trends Genet 2020; 36:71-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2019.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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18
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Jeon S, Song J, Lee D, Kim GT, Park SH, Shin DY, Shin KO, Park K, Shim SM, Park TS. Inhibition of sphingosine 1-phosphate lyase activates human keratinocyte differentiation and attenuates psoriasis in mice. J Lipid Res 2020; 61:20-32. [PMID: 31690639 PMCID: PMC6939600 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.ra119000254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) lyase is an intracellular enzyme that catalyzes the irreversible degradation of S1P and has been suggested as a therapeutic target for the treatment of psoriasis vulgaris. Because S1P induces differentiation of keratinocytes, we examined whether modulation of S1P lyase and altered intracellular S1P levels regulate proliferation and differentiation of human neonatal epidermal keratinocyte (HEKn) cells. To identify the physiological functions of S1P lyase in skin, we inhibited S1P lyase in HEKn cells with an S1P lyase-specific inhibitor (SLI) and with S1P lyase 1 (SGPL1)-specific siRNA (siSGPL1). In HEKn cells, pharmacological treatment with the SLI caused G1 arrest by upregulation of p21 and p27 and induced keratin 1, an early differentiation marker. Similarly, genetic suppression by siSGPL1 arrested the cell cycle at the G1 phase and activated differentiation. In addition, enzyme suppression by siSGPL1 upregulated keratin 1 and differentiation markers including involucrin and loricrin. When hyperproliferation of HEKn cells was induced by interleukin (IL)-17 and IL-22, pharmacologic inhibition of S1P lyase by SLI decreased proliferation and activated differentiation of HEKn cells simultaneously. In addition, SLI administration ameliorated imiquimod-induced psoriatic symptoms including erythema, scaling, and epidermal thickness in vivo. We thus demonstrated that S1P lyase inhibition reduces cell proliferation and induces keratinocyte differentiation, and that inhibition may attenuate psoriasiform changes. Collectively, these findings suggest that S1P lyase is a modulating factor for proliferation and differentiation, and support its potential as a therapeutic target for psoriasis in human keratinocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suwon Jeon
- Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Sungnam 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehwi Song
- Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Sungnam 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongyup Lee
- Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Sungnam 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Goon-Tae Kim
- Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Sungnam 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Si-Hyun Park
- Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Sungnam 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Yoon Shin
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyong-Oh Shin
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungho Park
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon-Mi Shim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea.
| | - Tae-Sik Park
- Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Sungnam 13120, Republic of Korea.
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19
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Ackermann T, Hartleben G, Müller C, Mastrobuoni G, Groth M, Sterken BA, Zaini MA, Youssef SA, Zuidhof HR, Krauss SR, Kortman G, de Haan G, de Bruin A, Wang ZQ, Platzer M, Kempa S, Calkhoven CF. C/EBPβ-LIP induces cancer-type metabolic reprogramming by regulating the let-7/LIN28B circuit in mice. Commun Biol 2019; 2:208. [PMID: 31240246 PMCID: PMC6572810 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-019-0461-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factors LAP1, LAP2 and LIP are derived from the Cebpb-mRNA through the use of alternative start codons. High LIP expression has been associated with human cancer and increased cancer incidence in mice. However, how LIP contributes to cellular transformation is poorly understood. Here we present that LIP induces aerobic glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration reminiscent of cancer metabolism. We show that LIP-induced metabolic programming is dependent on the RNA-binding protein LIN28B, a translational regulator of glycolytic and mitochondrial enzymes with known oncogenic function. LIP activates LIN28B through repression of the let-7 microRNA family that targets the Lin28b-mRNA. Transgenic mice overexpressing LIP have reduced levels of let-7 and increased LIN28B expression, which is associated with metabolic reprogramming as shown in primary bone marrow cells, and with hyperplasia in the skin. This study establishes LIP as an inducer of cancer-type metabolic reprogramming and as a regulator of the let-7/LIN28B regulatory circuit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Ackermann
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing (ERIBA), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 AD Groningen, The Netherlands
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute, Beutenbergstrasse 11, D-07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Götz Hartleben
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing (ERIBA), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 AD Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Christine Müller
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing (ERIBA), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 AD Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Marco Groth
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute, Beutenbergstrasse 11, D-07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Britt A. Sterken
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing (ERIBA), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 AD Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mohamad A. Zaini
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing (ERIBA), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 AD Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sameh A. Youssef
- Dutch Molecular Pathology Centre, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, NL-3584 CL Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Hidde R. Zuidhof
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing (ERIBA), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 AD Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sara R. Krauss
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing (ERIBA), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 AD Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gertrud Kortman
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing (ERIBA), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 AD Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gerald de Haan
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing (ERIBA), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 AD Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Alain de Bruin
- Dutch Molecular Pathology Centre, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, NL-3584 CL Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Zhao-Qi Wang
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute, Beutenbergstrasse 11, D-07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Matthias Platzer
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute, Beutenbergstrasse 11, D-07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Stefan Kempa
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, D-13092 Berlin, Germany
| | - Cornelis F. Calkhoven
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing (ERIBA), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 AD Groningen, The Netherlands
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20
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C/EBPβ Is a Transcriptional Regulator of Wee1 at the G₂/M Phase of the Cell Cycle. Cells 2019; 8:cells8020145. [PMID: 30754676 PMCID: PMC6407104 DOI: 10.3390/cells8020145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β (C/EBPβ) is a transcription factor that regulates cellular proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and tumorigenesis. Although the pro-oncogenic roles of C/EBPβ have been implicated in various human cancers, how it contributes to tumorigenesis or tumor progression has not been determined. Immunohistochemistry with human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tissues revealed that higher levels of C/EBPβ protein were expressed compared to normal lung tissues. Knockdown of C/EBPβ by siRNA reduced the proliferative capacity of NSCLC cells by delaying the G2/M transition in the cell cycle. In C/EBPβ-knockdown cells, a prolonged increase in phosphorylation of cyclin dependent kinase 1 at tyrosine 15 (Y15-pCDK1) was displayed with simultaneously increased Wee1 and decreased Cdc25B expression. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analysis showed that C/EBPβ bound to distal promoter regions of WEE1 and repressed WEE1 transcription through its interaction with histone deacetylase 2. Treatment of C/EBPβ-knockdown cells with a Wee1 inhibitor induced a decrease in Y15-pCDK1 and recovered cells from G2/M arrest. In the xenograft tumors, the depletion of C/EBPβ significantly reduced tumor growth. Taken together, these results indicate that Wee1 is a novel transcription target of C/EBPβ that is required for the G2/M phase of cell cycle progression, ultimately regulating proliferation of NSCLC cells.
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21
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Endowing iPSC-Derived MSCs with Angiogenic and Keratinogenic Differentiation Potential: A Promising Cell Source for Skin Tissue Engineering. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:8459503. [PMID: 30302340 PMCID: PMC6158941 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8459503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) hold tremendous potential for personalized cell-based therapy for skin regeneration. Aiming to establish human iPSCs as a potential cell source for skin tissue engineering, we expect to obtain an epidermal-like cell line with angiogenic and keratinogenic differentiation potential via inducing iPSC-derived mesenchymal stem cells (iPSC-MSCs) with basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and/or keratinocyte growth factor (KGF). The results show that iPSC-MSCs were successfully induced with a positive FGFR/KGFR expression on the cell surface. BFGF/KGF induction could significantly increase the expression of vascularization marker CD31 and keratinization marker CK10, respectively, while when combined together, although CD31 and CK10 were still positively expressed, their expressions were lower than that of the single induction group, suggesting that the effects of the two growth factors interfered with each other. This cell line with angiogenic and keratinogenic differentiation potential provides a promising new source of cells for the construction of well vascularized and keratinized tissue engineered skin, furthermore establishing an effective strategy for iPSC-based therapy in skin tissue engineering.
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22
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Bégay V, Baumeier C, Zimmermann K, Heuser A, Leutz A. The C/EBPβ LIP isoform rescues loss of C/EBPβ function in the mouse. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8417. [PMID: 29849099 PMCID: PMC5976626 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26579-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor C/EBPβ regulates hematopoiesis, bone, liver, fat, and skin homeostasis, and female reproduction. C/EBPβ protein expression from its single transcript occurs by alternative in-frame translation initiation at consecutive start sites to generate three isoforms, two long (LAP*, LAP) and one truncated (LIP), with the same C-terminal bZip dimerization domain. The long C/EBPβ isoforms are considered gene activators, whereas the LIP isoform reportedly acts as a dominant-negative repressor. Here, we tested the putative repressor functions of the C/EBPβ LIP isoform in mice by comparing monoallelic WT or LIP knockin mice with Cebpb knockout mice, in combination with monoallelic Cebpa mice. The C/EBPβ LIP isoform was sufficient to function in coordination with C/EBPα in murine development, adipose tissue and sebocyte differentiation, and female fertility. Thus, the C/EBPβ LIP isoform likely has more physiological functions than its currently known role as a dominant-negative inhibitor, which are more complex than anticipated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Bégay
- Tumorigenesis and Cell Differentiation, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, 13125, Berlin, Germany. .,Molecular Physiology of Somatic Sensation, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, 13125, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Christian Baumeier
- Tumorigenesis and Cell Differentiation, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, 13125, Berlin, Germany.,Department of experimental Diabetology (DIAB), German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DifE), 14558, Nuthetal, Germany, German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Karin Zimmermann
- Tumorigenesis and Cell Differentiation, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Arnd Heuser
- Pathophysiology Group, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Achim Leutz
- Tumorigenesis and Cell Differentiation, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, 13125, Berlin, Germany. .,Humboldt-University, Berlin, Institute of Biology, 10115, Berlin, Germany.
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23
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Meyer RD, Zou X, Ali M, Ersoy E, Bondzie PA, Lavaei M, Alexandrov I, Henderson J, Rahimi N. TMIGD1 acts as a tumor suppressor through regulation of p21Cip1/p27Kip1 in renal cancer. Oncotarget 2017. [PMID: 29515762 PMCID: PMC5839393 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a high-risk metastasizing tumor with a poor prognosis and poorly understood mechanism. In this study, we demonstrate that transmembrane and immunoglobulin domain-containing 1 (TMIGD1) is a novel tumor suppressor that is highly expressed in normal renal tubular epithelial cells, but it is downregulated in human renal cancer. We have identified CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteinβ (C/EBPβ, also called LAP) as a key transcriptional regulator of TMIGD1, whose loss of expression is responsible for downregulation of TMIGD1 in RCC. Transcriptionally active C/EBPβ/LAP physically interacted with and increased TMIGD1 promoter activity and expression of TMIGD1. Re-introduction of TMIGD1 into renal tumor cells significantly inhibited tumor growth and metastatic behaviors such as morphogenic branching and cell migration. Restoring TMIGD1 expression in renal tumor cells stimulated phosphorylation of p38MAK, induced expression of p21CIP1 (cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1), and p27KIP1 (cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B) expression, key cell cycle inhibitor proteins involved in regulation of the cell cycle. The present study identifies TMIGD1 as a novel candidate tumor suppressor gene and provides important insight into pathobiology of RCC that could lead to a better diagnosis and possible novel therapy for RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosana D Meyer
- Department of Pathology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Xueqing Zou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Marwa Ali
- Department of Pathology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Esma Ersoy
- Department of Pathology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Philip Apraku Bondzie
- Department of Pathology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Mehrdad Lavaei
- Department of Pathology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | | | - Joel Henderson
- Department of Pathology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Nader Rahimi
- Department of Pathology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
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24
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Platelet-Released Growth Factors Induce Differentiation of Primary Keratinocytes. Mediators Inflamm 2017; 2017:5671615. [PMID: 28808357 PMCID: PMC5541813 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5671615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Autologous thrombocyte concentrate lysates, for example, platelet-released growth factors, (PRGFs) or their clinically related formulations (e.g., Vivostat PRF®) came recently into the physicians' focus as they revealed promising effects in regenerative and reparative medicine such as the support of healing of chronic wounds. To elucidate the underlying mechanisms, we analyzed the influence of PRGF and Vivostat PRF on human keratinocyte differentiation in vitro and on epidermal differentiation status of skin wounds in vivo. Therefore, we investigated the expression of early (keratin 1 and keratin 10) and late (transglutaminase-1 and involucrin) differentiation markers. PRGF treatment of primary human keratinocytes decreased keratin 1 and keratin 10 gene expression but induced involucrin and transglutaminase-1 gene expression in an epidermal growth factor receptor- (EGFR-) dependent manner. In concordance with these results, microscopic analyses revealed that PRGF-treated human keratinocytes displayed morphological features typical of keratinocytes undergoing terminal differentiation. In vivo treatment of artificial human wounds with Vivostat PRF revealed a significant induction of involucrin and transglutaminase-1 gene expression. Together, our results indicate that PRGF and Vivostat PRF induce terminal differentiation of primary human keratinocytes. This potential mechanism may contribute to the observed beneficial effects in the treatment of hard-to-heal wounds with autologous thrombocyte concentrate lysates in vivo.
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25
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Cao J, Wang M, Wang T. CCAAT enhancer binding protein β has a crucial role in regulating breast cancer cell growth via activating the TGF-β-Smad3 signaling pathway. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:1554-1560. [PMID: 28810620 PMCID: PMC5525940 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of CCAAT enhancer binding protein β (C/EBPβ) on human breast cancer cells. The plasmids pCDH-C/EBPβ and pLKO.1-shC/EBPβ were constructed and were infected into MDA-MB-468 cells, to provide C/EBPβ overexpressing and C/EBPβ knockdown cells, respectively. Cell viability, cell cycle and apoptosis were observed by MTT assay and flow cytometry analysis. Protein expression levels of C/EBPβ, TGF-β1, P-Smad3 and Smad3 were detected by western blotting. MTT assay showed that the absorbance of MDA-MB-468 cells in the pCDH-C/EBPβ group was increased, whereas that in the pLKO.1-shC/EBPβ group was decreased, compared with the respective control at 48 and 72 h. Flow cytometric analysis indicated that the percentage of cells in the G2 phase was significantly increased in the pCDH-C/EBPβ group (P<0.05) and decreased in the pLKO.1-shC/EBPβ group compared with the respective control group. The proportion of apoptotic cells was decreased in the pCDH-C/EBPβ group and increased in the pLKO.1-shC/EBPβ group compared with the controls. The scratch-wound assay revealed that MDA-MB-468 cells depleted of C/EBPβ exhibited reduced motility compared with the control cells. Moreover, western blotting demonstrated that pCDH-C/EBPβ increased transforming growth factor (TGF)β1 and P-Smad3 protein expression and decreased Smad3 protein expression, whereas pLKO.1-shC/EBPβ decreased TGFβ1 and P-Smad3 protein expression and increased Smad3 protein expression levels. The present study demonstrated that C/EBPβ has a crucial role in regulating breast cancer cell growth through activating TGF-β-Smad3 signaling. These findings suggest that C/EBPβ may be a potential therapeutic target for breast cancer; however, in vivo studies are required to confirm this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Cao
- Department of Pharmacy, Linyi People's Hospital of Shandong University, Linyi, Shandong 276000, P.R. China
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Opthalmology, Linyi People's Hospital of Shandong University, Linyi, Shandong 276000, P.R. China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Opthalmology, Linyi People's Hospital of Shandong University, Linyi, Shandong 276000, P.R. China
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26
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Ding S, Gan T, Song M, Dai Q, Huang H, Xu Y, Zhong C. C/EBPB-CITED4 in Exercised Heart. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1000:247-259. [PMID: 29098625 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-4304-8_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
C/EBPB is a crucial transcription factor, participating in a variety of biological processes including cell proliferation, differentiation and development. In the cardiovascular system, C/EBPB-CITED4 signaling is known as a signaling pathway mediating exercise-induced cardiac growth. After its exact role in exercised heart firstly reported in 2010, more and more evidence confirmed that. MicroRNA (e.g. miR-222) and many molecules (e.g. Alpha-lipoic acid) can regulate this pathway and then involve in the cardiac protection effect induced by endurance exercise training. In addition, in cardiac growth during pregnancy, C/EBPB is also a required regulator. This chapter will give an introduction of the C/EBPB-CITED4 signaling and the regulatory network based on this signaling pathway in exercised heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengguang Ding
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Tianyi Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Heart Failure Center, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Meiyi Song
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Digestive Disease Institute, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 389 Xin Cun Road, Shanghai, 200065, China
| | - Qiying Dai
- Metrowest Medical Center, Framingham, 01702, MA, USA.,Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Haitao Huang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Yiming Xu
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Chongjun Zhong
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China.
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27
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Seo A, Kitagawa N, Matsuura T, Sato H, Inai T. Formation of keratinocyte multilayers on filters under airlifted or submerged culture conditions in medium containing calcium, ascorbic acid, and keratinocyte growth factor. Histochem Cell Biol 2016; 146:585-597. [PMID: 27480258 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-016-1472-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) cell culture is a powerful in vitro technique to study the stratification and differentiation of keratinocytes. However, culture conditions, including culture media, supplements, and scaffolds (e.g., collagen gels with or without fibroblasts), can vary considerably. Here, we evaluated the roles of calcium, L-ascorbic acid phosphate magnesium salt n-hydrate (APM), and keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) in a chemically defined medium, EpiLife, in 3D cultures of primary human epidermal keratinocytes directly plated on polycarbonate filter inserts under airlifted or submerged conditions. Eight culture media containing various combinations of these three supplements were examined. Calcium was necessary for the stratification and differentiation of keratinocytes based on the localization of keratins and involucrin. However, the localization patterns of keratins and integrin β4 were partially disrupted and Ki67-positive basal cells almost disappeared 3 weeks after airlift. The addition of KGF, but not APM, prevented these changes. Further addition of APM markedly improved the tissue architecture, including basal cell morphology and the appearance of keratohyalin granules and localized involucrin in the upper suprabasal cells, even after 1 week. Although the submerged culture also formed cornified epithelium-like multilayers, involucrin was localized in the cornified layer, where nuclei were often found. Based on these results, it is most effective to culture keratinocytes at the air-liquid interface in EpiLife medium supplemented with calcium, APM, and KGF to form well-organized and orthokeratinized multilayers as skin analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Seo
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Fukuoka Dental College, 2-15-1 Tamura, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0193, Japan
| | - Norio Kitagawa
- Department of Morphological Biology, Fukuoka Dental College, 2-15-1 Tamura, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0193, Japan
| | - Takashi Matsuura
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Fukuoka Dental College, 2-15-1 Tamura, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0193, Japan
| | - Hironobu Sato
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Fukuoka Dental College, 2-15-1 Tamura, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0193, Japan
| | - Tetsuichiro Inai
- Department of Morphological Biology, Fukuoka Dental College, 2-15-1 Tamura, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0193, Japan.
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28
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Marchildon F, Fu D, Lala-Tabbert N, Wiper-Bergeron N. CCAAT/enhancer binding protein beta protects muscle satellite cells from apoptosis after injury and in cancer cachexia. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2109. [PMID: 26913600 PMCID: PMC4849162 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
CCAAT/enhancer binding protein beta (C/EBPβ), a transcription factor expressed in muscle satellite cells (SCs), inhibits the myogenic program and is downregulated early in differentiation. In a conditional null model in which C/EBPβ expression is knocked down in paired box protein 7+ (Pax7+) SCs, cardiotoxin (CTX) injury is poorly repaired, although muscle regeneration is efficient in control littermates. While myoblasts lacking C/EBPβ can differentiate efficiently in culture, after CTX injury poor regeneration was attributed to a smaller than normal Pax7+ population, which was not due to a failure of SCs to proliferate. Rather, the percentage of apoptotic SCs was increased in muscle lacking C/EBPβ. Given that an injury induced by BaCl2 is repaired with greater efficiency than controls in the absence of C/EBPβ, we investigated the inflammatory response following BaCl2 and CTX injury and found that the levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), a proinflammatory cytokine, were robustly elevated following CTX injury and could induce C/EBPβ expression in myoblasts. High levels of C/EBPβ expression in myoblasts correlated with resistance to apoptotic stimuli, while its loss increased sensitivity to thapsigargin-induced cell death. Using cancer cachexia as a model for chronic inflammation, we found that C/EBPβ expression was increased in SCs and myoblasts of tumor-bearing cachectic animals. Further, in cachectic conditional knockout animals lacking C/EBPβ in Pax7+ cells, the SC compartment was reduced because of increased apoptosis, and regeneration was impaired. Our findings indicate that the stimulation of C/EBPβ expression by IL-1β following muscle injury and in cancer cachexia acts to promote SC survival, and is therefore a protective mechanism for SCs and myoblasts in the face of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Marchildon
- Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - D Fu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - N Lala-Tabbert
- Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - N Wiper-Bergeron
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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29
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Hu TZ, Huang LH, Xu CX, Liu XM, Wang Y, Xiao J, Zhou L, Luo L, Jiang XX. Expressional profiles of transcription factors in the progression of Helicobacter pylori-associated gastric carcinoma based on protein/DNA array analysis. Med Oncol 2015; 32:265. [PMID: 26563475 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-015-0711-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Transcription factors (TFs) are crucial modulators of gene expression during the development and progression of gastric carcinoma. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is one of the most significant risk factors of gastric carcinoma, and it is widely known that chronic inflammation with H. pylori infection triggers gastric carcinogenesis through inflammation-carcinoma chain [gastric carcinogenesis stages: non-atrophic gastritis, chronic atrophic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia, dysplasia and gastric carcinoma (GC)], but its mechanism regarding changed TFs remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the expressional profiles of 345 transcription factors in gastric mucosa of healthy volunteers and patients at different gastric carcinogenesis stages using protein/DNA array-based approach. The data demonstrated the up-regulated TFs such as GATA-3, AP4, c-Myc and Pbx1 in the gastric mucosa of GC patients compared with the healthy volunteers, while other TFs, particularly CCAAT and CACC, showed the consistently decreasing trend along the gastric carcinogenesis. The increased expressions of AP4, Pbx1 and C/EBPα were further validated by quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot in various H. pylori-infected models such as clinical gastric tissues, gastric epithelial cell lines and Mongolian gerbils. This study provides insights into and potential laws for gene transcriptional regulation by identifying potential TFs targets against the development of H. pylori-associated gastric carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Zi Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Street, Changsha, 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Li-Hua Huang
- Center for Medical Experiment, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Can-Xia Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Street, Changsha, 410013, Hunan Province, China.
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Changsha, 410013, China.
| | - Xiao-Ming Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Street, Changsha, 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Third People's Hospital of Huaihua, Huaihua, 418000, Hunan Province, China
| | - Jing Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Street, Changsha, 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Street, Changsha, 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Ling Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Street, Changsha, 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xiao-Xia Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Street, Changsha, 410013, Hunan Province, China
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30
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Hall JR, Bereman MS, Nepomuceno AI, Thompson EA, Muddiman DC, Smart RC. C/EBPα regulates CRL4(Cdt2)-mediated degradation of p21 in response to UVB-induced DNA damage to control the G1/S checkpoint. Cell Cycle 2015; 13:3602-10. [PMID: 25483090 DOI: 10.4161/15384101.2014.962957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The bZIP transcription factor, C/EBPα is highly inducible by UVB and other DNA damaging agents in keratinocytes. C/EBPα-deficient keratinocytes fail to undergo cell cycle arrest in G1 in response to UVB-induced DNA damage and mice lacking epidermal C/EBPα are highly susceptible to UVB-induced skin cancer. The mechanism through which C/EBPα regulates the cell cycle checkpoint in response to DNA damage is unknown. Here we report untreated C/EBPα-deficient keratinocytes have normal levels of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, p21, however, UVB-treated C/EBPα-deficient keratinocytes fail to up-regulate nuclear p21 protein levels despite normal up-regulation of Cdkn1a mRNA levels. UVB-treated C/EBPα-deficient keratinocytes displayed a 4-fold decrease in nuclear p21 protein half-life due to the increased proteasomal degradation of p21 via the E3 ubiquitin ligase CRL4(Cdt2). Cdt2 is the substrate recognition subunit of CRL4(Cdt2) and Cdt2 mRNA and protein levels were up-regulated in UVB-treated C/EBPα-deficient keratinocytes. Knockdown of Cdt2 restored p21 protein levels in UVB-treated C/EBPα-deficient keratinocytes. Lastly, the failure to accumulate p21 in response to UVB in C/EBPα-deficient keratinocytes resulted in decreased p21 interactions with critical cell cycle regulatory proteins, increased CDK2 activity, and inappropriate entry into S-phase. These findings reveal C/EBPα regulates G1/S cell cycle arrest in response to DNA damage via the control of CRL4(Cdt2) mediated degradation of p21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan R Hall
- a Department of Biological Sciences ; North Carolina State University ; Raleigh , NC USA
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31
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Pan L, Liu Y, Wei Q, Xiao C, Ji Q, Bao G, Wu X. Solexa-Sequencing Based Transcriptome Study of Plaice Skin Phenotype in Rex Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). PLoS One 2015; 10:e0124583. [PMID: 25955442 PMCID: PMC4425669 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0124583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fur is an important genetically-determined characteristic of domestic rabbits; rabbit furs are of great economic value. We used the Solexa sequencing technology to assess gene expression in skin tissues from full-sib Rex rabbits of different phenotypes in order to explore the molecular mechanisms associated with fur determination. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Transcriptome analysis included de novo assembly, gene function identification, and gene function classification and enrichment. We obtained 74,032,912 and 71,126,891 short reads of 100 nt, which were assembled into 377,618 unique sequences by Trinity strategy (N50=680 nt). Based on BLAST results with known proteins, 50,228 sequences were identified at a cut-off E-value ≥ 10-5. Using Blast to Gene Ontology (GO), Clusters of Orthologous Groups (KOG) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), we obtained several genes with important protein functions. A total of 308 differentially expressed genes were obtained by transcriptome analysis of plaice and un-plaice phenotype animals; 209 additional differentially expressed genes were not found in any database. These genes included 49 that were only expressed in plaice skin rabbits. The novel genes may play important roles during skin growth and development. In addition, 99 known differentially expressed genes were assigned to PI3K-Akt signaling, focal adhesion, and ECM-receptor interactin, among others. Growth factors play a role in skin growth and development by regulating these signaling pathways. We confirmed the altered expression levels of seven target genes by qRT-PCR. And chosen a key gene for SNP to found the differentially between plaice and un-plaice phenotypes rabbit. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE The rabbit transcriptome profiling data provide new insights in understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying rabbit skin growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Pan
- Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Chemistry and Life Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiang Wei
- Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chenwen Xiao
- Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Quanan Ji
- Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guolian Bao
- Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinsheng Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou Uuniversity, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Du WW, Li X, Li T, Li H, Khorshidi A, Liu F, Yang BB. The microRNA miR-17-3p inhibits mouse cardiac fibroblast senescence by targeting Par4. J Cell Sci 2015; 128:293-304. [PMID: 25472717 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.158360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The microRNA miR-17-92 cluster plays a fundamental role in heart development. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a member of this cluster, miR-17, on cardiac senescence. We examined the roles of miR-17 in senescence and demonstrated that miR-17-3p attenuates cardiac aging in the myocardium by targeting Par4 (also known as PAWR). This upregulates the downstream proteins CEBPB, FAK, N-cadherin, vimentin, Oct4 and Sca-1 (also known as stem cell antigen-1), and downregulates E-cadherin. Par4 has been reported as a tumor suppressor gene that induces apoptosis in cancer cells, but not in normal cells. Repression of Par4 by miR-17-3p enhances the transcription of CEBPB and FAK, which promotes mouse cardiac fibroblast (MCF) epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and self-renewal, resulting in cellular senescence and apoptosis resistance. We conclude that Par4 can bind to the CEBPB promoter and inhibit its transcription. Decreased Par4 expression increases the amount of CEBPB, which binds to the FAK promoter and enhances FAK transcription. Par4, CEBPB and FAK form a senescence signaling pathway, playing roles in modulating cell survival, growth, apoptosis, EMT and self-renewal. Through this novel senescence signaling axis, miR-17-3p represses Par4 expression, acting pleiotropically as a negative modulator of cardiac aging and cardiac fibroblast cellular senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- William W Du
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto ON M4N 3M5, Canada Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Xianmin Li
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto ON M4N 3M5, Canada Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Tianbi Li
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto ON M4N 3M5, Canada Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Haoran Li
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto ON M4N 3M5, Canada Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Azam Khorshidi
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto ON M4N 3M5, Canada Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Fengqiong Liu
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto ON M4N 3M5, Canada Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Burton B Yang
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto ON M4N 3M5, Canada Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
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Transcriptional regulation of genes involved in keratinocyte differentiation by human papillomavirus 16 oncoproteins. Arch Virol 2014; 160:389-98. [PMID: 25488293 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-014-2305-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The life cycle of human papillomaviruses (HPVs) is strictly linked to the differentiation of their natural host cells. The HPV E6 and E7 oncoproteins can delay the normal differentiation program of keratinocytes; however, the exact mechanisms responsible for this have not yet been identified. The goal of this study was to investigate the effects of HPV16 oncoproteins on the expression of genes involved in keratinocyte differentiation. Primary human keratinocytes transduced by LXSN (control) retroviruses or virus vectors expressing HPV16 E6, E7 or E6/E7 genes were subjected to gene expression profiling. The results of microarray analysis showed that HPV 16 E6 and E7 have the capacity to downregulate the expression of several genes involved in keratinocyte differentiation. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assays were performed to confirm the microarray data. To investigate the effects of the HPV oncoproteins on the promoters of selected keratinocyte differentiation genes, luciferase reporter assays were performed. Our results suggest that the HPV 16 E6 and/or E7 oncogenes are able to downregulate the expression of several genes involved in keratinocyte differentiation (such as desmocollin 1, keratin 4, S100 calcium-binding protein A8 and small proline-rich protein 1A), at least partially by downregulating their promoter activity. This activity of the HPV oncoproteins may have a role in the productive virus life cycle, and also in virus-induced carcinogenesis.
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Jiao J, Ishikawa TO, Dumlao DS, Norris PC, Magyar CE, Mikulec C, Catapang A, Dennis EA, Fischer SM, Herschman HR. Targeted deletion and lipidomic analysis identify epithelial cell COX-2 as a major driver of chemically induced skin cancer. Mol Cancer Res 2014; 12:1677-88. [PMID: 25063587 PMCID: PMC4233191 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-14-0397-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Pharmacologic and global gene deletion studies demonstrate that cyclooxygenase-2 (PTGS2/COX-2) plays a critical role in DMBA/TPA-induced skin tumor induction. Although many cell types in the tumor microenvironment express COX-2, the cell types in which COX-2 expression is required for tumor promotion are not clearly established. Here, cell type-specific Cox-2 gene deletion reveals a vital role for skin epithelial cell COX-2 expression in DMBA/TPA tumor induction. In contrast, myeloid Cox-2 gene deletion has no effect on DMBA/TPA tumorigenesis. The infrequent, small tumors that develop on mice with an epithelial cell-specific Cox-2 gene deletion have decreased proliferation and increased cell differentiation properties. Blood vessel density is reduced in tumors with an epithelial cell-specific Cox-2 gene deletion, compared with littermate control tumors, suggesting a reciprocal relationship in tumor progression between COX-2-expressing tumor epithelial cells and microenvironment endothelial cells. Lipidomics analysis of skin and tumors from DMBA/TPA-treated mice suggests that the prostaglandins PGE2 and PGF2α are likely candidates for the epithelial cell COX-2-dependent eicosanoids that mediate tumor progression. This study both illustrates the value of cell type-specific gene deletions in understanding the cellular roles of signal-generating pathways in complex microenvironments and emphasizes the benefit of a systems-based lipidomic analysis approach to identify candidate lipid mediators of biologic responses. IMPLICATIONS Cox-2 gene deletion demonstrates that intrinsic COX-2 expression in initiated keratinocytes is a principal driver of skin carcinogenesis; lipidomic analysis identifies likely prostanoid effectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Jiao
- Departments of Molecular & Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California. Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Tomo-O Ishikawa
- Departments of Molecular & Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California. Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Darren S Dumlao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California. Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Paul C Norris
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California. Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Clara E Magyar
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Carol Mikulec
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Science Park, Smithville, Texas
| | - Art Catapang
- Departments of Molecular & Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California. Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Edward A Dennis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California. Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Susan M Fischer
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Science Park, Smithville, Texas
| | - Harvey R Herschman
- Departments of Molecular & Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California. Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
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Atwood AA, Sealy LJ. C/EBPβ's role in determining Ras-induced senescence or transformation. Small GTPases 2014; 2:41-46. [PMID: 21686281 DOI: 10.4161/sgtp.2.1.15038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2011] [Revised: 01/28/2011] [Accepted: 02/02/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction of activated Ras into normal cells leads to senescence, a tumor suppressive mechanism, whereas expression of this oncogene in many immortalized cell lines leads to transformation. Studying the signaling differences in cells that undergo Ras-induced senescence versus Ras transformation may shed light on potential therapeutic targets in the treatment of cancer. C/EBPβ is a transcription factor necessary for both Ras-induced senescence and Ras transformation. Three isoforms of this transcription factor exist due to alternative translation initation at three in frame ATGs. C/EBPβ1 is the isoform responsible for oncogene-induced senescence, and this isoform is degraded by the proteosome during Ras transformation. Phosphorylation of C/EBPβ1 on Thr235 by Cdk2 is necessary, but not sufficient, for degradation of C/EBPβ1. Proteasomal degradation of C/EBPβ1 may represent a mechanism to evade senescence. In contrast, C/EBPβ2 is expressed in breast cancer cells and is involved in proliferation, supporting a role for this isoform in Ras transformation. We propose here that one potential signaling difference in Ras-induced senescence versus Ras transformation is that Ras signals through different C/EBPβ isoforms (C/EBPβ1 versus C/EBPβ2) during these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison A Atwood
- Department of Cancer Biology and Biophysics; Vanderbilt University School of Medicine; Nashville, TN USA
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Lu WC, Kao SY, Yang CC, Tu HF, Wu CH, Chang KW, Lin SC. EGF up-regulates miR-31 through the C/EBPβ signal cascade in oral carcinoma. PLoS One 2014; 9:e108049. [PMID: 25229239 PMCID: PMC4168139 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most prevalent carcinomas worldwide. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short, non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression and modulate physiological or pathological processes including OSCC carcinogenesis. miR-31 has been found to be up-regulated in OSCC and to act as an oncogenic miRNA. However, the molecular mechanism underlying miR-31 up-regulation in OSCC is still obscure. The activation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling axis plays key roles in driving oral carcinogenesis. Our screening identified that there is up-regulation of miR-31, miR-181b and miR-222 in OSCC cells following EGF treatment. Subsequent analysis showed that EGF treatment led to AKT activation, which then resulted in miR-31 up-regulation. Moreover, EGF treatment and the AKT activation induced by exogenous expression up-regulated C/EBPβ expression. The miR-31 up-regulation induced by EGF was abrogated by AKT inhibition or by the knockdown of C/EBPβ expression. In OSCC cell subclones stably overexpressing the functional isoform of C/EBPβ, miR-31 expression was up-regulated. Curcumin is a natural ingredient exhibiting anti-cancer potential. It was found that curcumin attenuated AKT activation and the up-regulation of C/EBPβ and miR-31 caused by EGF stimulation in OSCC cells. Lastly, concordance across the expression of EGFR, the expression of C/EBPβ and the expression of miR-31 in OSCC tissues was found. This study describes a novel scenario where the up-regulation of miR-31 expression in OSCC is, at least in part, a consequence of EGFR oncogenic activation. Although the AKT activation and C/EBPβ expression after EGF treatment might not be directly linked, both events are the crucial mediators underlying miR-31 up-regulation in the EGFR signaling axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Cheng Lu
- Institute of Oral Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shou-Yen Kao
- Department of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Stomatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chieh Yang
- Institute of Oral Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Stomatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsi-Feng Tu
- Department of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University Hospital, Yi-Lan, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hsien Wu
- Department of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Stomatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Wei Chang
- Institute of Oral Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Stomatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (KWC); (SCL)
| | - Shu-Chun Lin
- Institute of Oral Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Stomatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (KWC); (SCL)
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Mashinchian O, Bonakdar S, Taghinejad H, Satarifard V, Heidari M, Majidi M, Sharifi S, Peirovi A, Saffar S, Taghinejad M, Abdolahad M, Mohajerzadeh S, Shokrgozar MA, Rezayat SM, Ejtehadi MR, Dalby MJ, Mahmoudi M. Cell-imprinted substrates act as an artificial niche for skin regeneration. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:13280-13292. [PMID: 24967724 DOI: 10.1021/am503045b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Bioinspired materials can mimic the stem cell environment and modulate stem cell differentiation and proliferation. In this study, biomimetic micro/nanoenvironments were fabricated by cell-imprinted substrates based on mature human keratinocyte morphological templates. The data obtained from atomic force microscopy and field emission scanning electron microscopy revealed that the keratinocyte-cell-imprinted poly(dimethylsiloxane) casting procedure could imitate the surface morphology of the plasma membrane, ranging from the nanoscale to the macroscale, which may provide the required topographical cell fingerprints to induce differentiation. Gene expression levels of the genes analyzed (involucrin, collagen type I, and keratin 10) together with protein expression data showed that human adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) seeded on these cell-imprinted substrates were driven to adopt the specific shape and characteristics of keratinocytes. The observed morphology of the ADSCs grown on the keratinocyte casts was noticeably different from that of stem cells cultivated on the stem-cell-imprinted substrates. Since the shape and geometry of the nucleus could potentially alter the gene expression, we used molecular dynamics to probe the effect of the confining geometry on the chain arrangement of simulated chromatin fibers in the nuclei. The results obtained suggested that induction of mature cell shapes onto stem cells can influence nucleus deformation of the stem cells followed by regulation of target genes. This might pave the way for a reliable, efficient, and cheap approach of controlling stem cell differentiation toward skin cells for wound healing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Mashinchian
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine (SATiM), Tehran University of Medical Sciences , P.O. Box 14177-55469, Tehran, Iran
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Li J, Shan F, Xiong G, Chen X, Guan X, Wang JM, Wang WL, Xu X, Bai Y. EGF-induced C/EBPβ participates in EMT by decreasing the expression of miR-203 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells. J Cell Sci 2014; 127:3735-44. [PMID: 24994936 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.148759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a developmental program that is associated with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) progression and metastasis. Recently, C/EBPβ has been reported to be an EMT inducer in cancer. However, the detailed molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we report for the first time, that the truncated CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein β (C/EBPβ) LIP isoform is abnormally overexpressed and correlated with cancer metastasis in clinical specimens of human ESCC. Furthermore, we demonstrate that C/EBPβ LIP mediates epithelial growth factor (EGF)-induced EMT and increases migration and invasion of esophageal cancer cells in a manner that is dependent on miR-203 inactivation. Finally, we identified miR-203 as a direct target of C/EBPβ LIP. Disruption of C/EBPβ LIP attenuated the EGF-mediated decrease in miR-203, whereas overexpression of C/EBPβ LIP alone markedly suppressed miR-203. In addition, we demonstrated that C/EBPβ LIP inhibited miR-203 transcription by directly interacting with a conserved distal regulatory element upstream of the miR-203 locus, and in doing so, orchestrated chromatin remodeling. In conclusion, our results have revealed a new regulatory mechanism that involves C/EBPβ-LIP-mediated downregulation of miR-203, which plays a key role in EMT and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxia Li
- Department of Medical Genetics, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Fabo Shan
- Department of Pathophysiology and High Altitude Physiology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Xiong
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiac Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuedan Chen
- Department of Medical Genetics, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingying Guan
- Department of Medical Genetics, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Ju-Ming Wang
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Biosignal Transduction, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Lin Wang
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Biosignal Transduction, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Xueqing Xu
- Molecular Biology Center, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn, and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery and Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Bai
- Department of Medical Genetics, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, People's Republic of China
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Campion CG, Labrie M, Grosset AA, St-Pierre Y. The CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta-2 isoform (CEBPβ-2) upregulates galectin-7 expression in human breast cancer cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e95087. [PMID: 24789216 PMCID: PMC4008383 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 03/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectin-7 is considered a gene under the control of p53. However, elevated expression of galectin-7 has been reported in several forms of cancer harboring an inactive p53 pathway. This is especially true for breast cancer where galectin-7 expression is readily expressed in a high proportion in basal-like breast cancer tissues, conferring cancer cells with increased resistance to cell death and metastatic properties. These observations suggest that other transcription factors are capable of inducing galectin-7 expression. In the present work, we have examined the role of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta (C/EBPβ) in inducing expression of galectin-7. C/EBP proteins have been shown to contribute to breast cancer by upregulating pro-metastatic genes. We paid particular attention to C/EBPβ-2 (also known as LAP2), the most transcriptionally active of the C/EBPβ isoforms. Our results showed that ectopic expression of C/EBPβ-2 in human breast cancer cells was sufficient to induce expression of galectin-7 at both the mRNA and protein levels. In silico analysis further revealed the presence of an established CEBP element in the galectin-7 promoter. Mutation of this binding site abolished the transcriptional activity of the galectin-7 promoter. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis confirmed that C/EBPβ-2 binds to the endogenous galectin-7 promoter. Analysis of galectin-7 protein expression in normal epithelia and in breast carcinoma by immunohistochemistry further showed the expression pattern of C/EBPβ closely micmicked that of galectin-7, most notably in mammary myoepithelial cells and basal-like breast cancer where galectin-7 is preferentially expressed. Taken together, our findings suggest that C/EBPβ is an important mediator of galectin-7 gene activation in breast cancer cells and highlight the different transcriptional mechanisms controlling galectin-7 in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yves St-Pierre
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Laval, Québec, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Kitagawa N, Inai Y, Higuchi Y, Iida H, Inai T. Inhibition of JNK in HaCaT cells induced tight junction formation with decreased expression of cytokeratin 5, cytokeratin 17 and desmoglein 3. Histochem Cell Biol 2014; 142:389-99. [DOI: 10.1007/s00418-014-1219-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Abstract
The epidermis functions as a physical barrier to the external environment and works to prevent loss of water from the skin. Numerous factors have been implicated in the formation of epidermal barriers, such as cornified envelopes, corneocytes, lipids, junctional proteins, proteases, protease inhibitors, antimicrobial peptides, and transcription factors. This review illustrates human diseases (ichthyoses) and animal models in which the epidermal barrier is disrupted or dysfunctional at steady state owing to ablation of one or more of the above factors. These diseases and animal models help us to understand the complicated mechanisms of epidermal barrier formation and give further insights on epidermal development.
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Jiao J, Mikulec C, Ishikawa TO, Magyar C, Dumlao DS, Dennis EA, Fischer SM, Herschman H. Cell-type-specific roles for COX-2 in UVB-induced skin cancer. Carcinogenesis 2014; 35:1310-9. [PMID: 24469308 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgu020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In human tumors, and in mouse models, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) levels are frequently correlated with tumor development/burden. In addition to intrinsic tumor cell expression, COX-2 is often present in fibroblasts, myofibroblasts and endothelial cells of the tumor microenvironment, and in infiltrating immune cells. Intrinsic cancer cell COX-2 expression is postulated as only one of many sources for prostanoids required for tumor promotion/progression. Although both COX-2 inhibition and global Cox-2 gene deletion ameliorate ultraviolet B (UVB)-induced SKH-1 mouse skin tumorigenesis, neither manipulation can elucidate the cell type(s) in which COX-2 expression is required for tumorigenesis; both eliminate COX-2 activity in all cells. To address this question, we created Cox-2(flox/flox) mice, in which the Cox-2 gene can be eliminated in a cell-type-specific fashion by targeted Cre recombinase expression. Cox-2 deletion in skin epithelial cells of SKH-1 Cox-2(flox/flox);K14Cre(+) mice resulted, following UVB irradiation, in reduced skin hyperplasia and increased apoptosis. Targeted epithelial cell Cox-2 deletion also resulted in reduced tumor incidence, frequency, size and proliferation rate, altered tumor cell differentiation and reduced tumor vascularization. Moreover, Cox-2(flox/flox);K14Cre(+) papillomas did not progress to squamous cell carcinomas. In contrast, Cox-2 deletion in SKH-1 Cox-2(flox/flox); LysMCre(+) myeloid cells had no effect on UVB tumor induction. We conclude that (i) intrinsic epithelial COX-2 activity plays a major role in UVB-induced skin cancer, (ii) macrophage/myeloid COX-2 plays no role in UVB-induced skin cancer and (iii) either there may be another COX-2-dependent prostanoid source(s) that drives UVB skin tumor induction or there may exist a COX-2-independent pathway(s) to UVB-induced skin cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Jiao
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology and Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Carol Mikulec
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Science Park, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, TX 78957, USA
| | - Tomo-o Ishikawa
- Division of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Clara Magyar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA and
| | - Darren S Dumlao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Edward A Dennis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Susan M Fischer
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Science Park, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, TX 78957, USA
| | - Harvey Herschman
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology and Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA,
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Abstract
To achieve and maintain skin architecture and homeostasis, keratinocytes must intricately balance growth, differentiation, and polarized motility known to be governed by calcium. Orai1 is a pore subunit of a store-operated Ca(2+) channel that is a major molecular counterpart for Ca(2+) influx in nonexcitable cells. To elucidate the physiological significance of Orai1 in skin, we studied its functions in epidermis of mice, with targeted disruption of the orai1 gene, human skin sections, and primary keratinocytes. We demonstrate that Orai1 protein is mainly confined to the basal layer of epidermis where it plays a critical role to control keratinocyte proliferation and polarized motility. Orai1 loss of function alters keratinocyte differentiation both in vitro and in vivo. Exploring underlying mechanisms, we show that the activation of Orai1-mediated calcium entry leads to enhancing focal adhesion turnover via a PKCβ-Calpain-focal adhesion kinase pathway. Our findings provide insight into the functions of the Orai1 channel in the maintenance of skin homeostasis.
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Rozenberg JM, Bhattacharya P, Chatterjee R, Glass K, Vinson C. Combinatorial recruitment of CREB, C/EBPβ and c-Jun determines activation of promoters upon keratinocyte differentiation. PLoS One 2013; 8:e78179. [PMID: 24244291 PMCID: PMC3820678 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Transcription factors CREB, C/EBPβ and Jun regulate genes involved in keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation. We questioned if specific combinations of CREB, C/EBPβ and c-Jun bound to promoters correlate with RNA polymerase II binding, mRNA transcript levels and methylation of promoters in proliferating and differentiating keratinocytes. Results Induction of mRNA and RNA polymerase II by differentiation is highest when promoters are bound by C/EBP β alone, C/EBPβ together with c-Jun, or by CREB, C/EBPβ and c-Jun, although in this case CREB binds with low affinity. In contrast, RNA polymerase II binding and mRNA levels change the least upon differentiation when promoters are bound by CREB either alone or in combination with C/EBPβ or c-Jun. Notably, promoters bound by CREB have relatively high levels of RNA polymerase II binding irrespective of differentiation. Inhibition of C/EBPβ or c-Jun preferentially represses mRNA when gene promoters are bound by corresponding transcription factors and not CREB. Methylated promoters have relatively low CREB binding and, accordingly, those which are bound by C/EBPβ are induced by differentiation irrespective of CREB. Composite “Half and Half” consensus motifs and co localizing consensus DNA binding motifs are overrepresented in promoters bound by the combination of corresponding transcription factors. Conclusion Correlational and functional data describes combinatorial mechanisms regulating the activation of promoters. Colocalization of C/EBPβ and c-Jun on promoters without strong CREB binding determines high probability of activation upon keratinocyte differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian M. Rozenberg
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Paramita Bhattacharya
- Crystallography and Molecular Biology Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, West Bengal, India
| | - Raghunath Chatterjee
- Human Genetics Unit, Biological Science Division, Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Kimberly Glass
- Harvard School of Public Health, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Charles Vinson
- Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Spermidine promotes adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 cells by preventing interaction of ANP32 with HuR and PP2A. Biochem J 2013; 453:467-74. [DOI: 10.1042/bj20130263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We have shown previously that the polyamine spermidine is indispensable for differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. In the present study, we examined the mechanism of spermidine function by using the polyamine biosynthesis inhibitor α-difluoromethylornithine in combination with the metabolically stable polyamine analogues γ-methylspermidine or (R,R)-α,ω-bismethylspermine. At the early phase of differentiation, spermidine-depleted 3T3-L1 cells showed decreased translation of the transcription factor C/EBPβ (CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β), decreased PP2A (protein phosphatase 2A) activity and increased cytoplasmic localization of the RNA-binding protein HuR (human antigen R). The amount of HuR bound to C/EBPβ mRNA was reduced, whereas the amount of bound CUGBP2, an inhibitor of C/EBPβ translation, was increased. ANP32 (acidic nuclear phosphoprotein 32) proteins, which are known PP2A inhibitors and HuR ligands, bound more PP2A and HuR in spermidine-depleted than in control cells, whereas immunodepletion of ANP32 proteins from the lysate of spermidine-depleted cells restored PP2A activity. Taken together, our data shows that spermidine promotes C/EBPβ translation in differentiating 3T3-L1 cells, and that this process is controlled by the interaction of ANP32 with HuR and PP2A.
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Bauer K, Gosau M, Bosserhoff A, Reichert T, Bauer R. P-cadherin controls the differentiation of oral keratinocytes by regulating cytokeratin 1/10 expression via C/EBP-beta-mediated signaling. Differentiation 2012; 84:345-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2012.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2012] [Revised: 08/31/2012] [Accepted: 09/27/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Lao HC, Akunda JK, Chun KS, Flake GP, Yuspa SH, Langenbach R. Genetic ablation of cyclooxygenase-2 in keratinocytes produces a cell-autonomous defect in tumor formation. Carcinogenesis 2012; 33:2293-300. [PMID: 22902545 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgs267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Using a mouse skin tumor model, we reported previously that cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) deficiency reduced papilloma formation. However, this model did not differentiate between the effects of systemic COX-2-deficiency and keratinocyte-specific COX-2 deficiency on tumor formation. To determine whether keratinocyte-specific COX-2 deficiency reduced papilloma formation, v-H-ras-transformed COX-2+/+ and COX-2-/- keratinocytes were grafted onto nude mice and tumor development was compared. Transformed COX-2+/+ and COX-2-/- keratinocytes expressed similar levels of H-ras, epidermal growth factor receptor and phospho-extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 in vitro; and COX-2-deficiency did not reduce uninfected or v-H-ras infected keratinocyte replication. In contrast, tumors arising from grafted transformed COX-2+/+ and COX-2-/- keratinocytes expressed similar levels of H-ras, but COX-2 deficiency reduced phospho-extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 and epidermal growth factor receptor levels 50-60% and tumor volume by 80% at 3 weeks. Two factors appeared to account for the reduced papilloma size. First, papillomas derived from COX-2-/- keratinocytes showed about 70% decreased proliferation, as measured by bromodeoxyuridine incorporation, compared with papillomas derived from COX-2+/+ keratinocytes. Second, keratin 1 immunostaining of papillomas indicated that COX-2-/- keratinocytes prematurely initiated terminal differentiation. Differences in the levels of apoptosis and vascularization did not appear to be contributing factors as their levels were similar in tumors derived from COX-2-/- and COX-2+/+ keratinocytes. Overall, the data are in agreement with our previous observations that decreased papilloma number and size on COX-2-/- mice resulted from reduced keratinocyte proliferation and accelerated keratinocyte differentiation. Furthermore, the data indicate that deficiency/inhibition of COX-2 in the initiated keratinocyte is an important determinant of papilloma forming ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huei-Chen Lao
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Pharmacology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
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Sperling T, Ołdak M, Walch-Rückheim B, Wickenhauser C, Doorbar J, Pfister H, Malejczyk M, Majewski S, Keates AC, Smola S. Human papillomavirus type 8 interferes with a novel C/EBPβ-mediated mechanism of keratinocyte CCL20 chemokine expression and Langerhans cell migration. PLoS Pathog 2012; 8:e1002833. [PMID: 22911498 PMCID: PMC3406103 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1002833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2011] [Accepted: 06/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection with genus beta human papillomaviruses (HPV) is implicated in the development of non-melanoma skin cancer. This was first evidenced for HPV5 and 8 in patients with epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EV), a genetic skin disease. So far, it has been unknown how these viruses overcome cutaneous immune control allowing their persistence in lesional epidermis of these patients. Here we demonstrate that Langerhans cells, essential for skin immunosurveillance, are strongly reduced in HPV8-positive lesional epidermis from EV patients. Interestingly, the same lesions were largely devoid of the important Langerhans cells chemoattractant protein CCL20. Applying bioinformatic tools, chromatin immunoprecipitation assays and functional studies we identified the differentiation-associated transcription factor CCAAT/enhancer binding protein β (C/EBPβ) as a critical regulator of CCL20 gene expression in normal human keratinocytes. The physiological relevance of this finding is supported by our in vivo studies showing that the expression patterns of CCL20 and nuclear C/EBPβ converge spatially in the most differentiated layers of human epidermis. Our analyses further identified C/EBPβ as a novel target of the HPV8 E7 oncoprotein, which co-localizes with C/EBPβ in the nucleus, co-precipitates with it and interferes with its binding to the CCL20 promoter in vivo. As a consequence, the HPV8 E7 but not E6 oncoprotein suppressed C/EBPβ-inducible and constitutive CCL20 gene expression as well as Langerhans cell migration. In conclusion, our study unraveled a novel molecular mechanism central to cutaneous host defense. Interference of the HPV8 E7 oncoprotein with this regulatory pathway allows the virus to disrupt the immune barrier, a major prerequisite for its epithelial persistence and procarcinogenic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Sperling
- Institute of Virology and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Monika Ołdak
- Institute of Virology, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
- Department of Histology and Embryology Center of Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Claudia Wickenhauser
- Institute of Pathology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - John Doorbar
- Division of Virology, National Institute for Medical Research, Mill Hill, London, United Kingdom
| | - Herbert Pfister
- Institute of Virology and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Magdalena Malejczyk
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sławomir Majewski
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andrew C. Keates
- Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Sigrun Smola
- Institute of Virology and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Institute of Virology, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
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Tang S, Huang W, Zhong M, Yin L, Jiang H, Hou S, Gan P, Yuan Y. Identification Keratin 1 as a cDDP-resistant protein in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell lines. J Proteomics 2012; 75:2352-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2012.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2011] [Revised: 01/18/2012] [Accepted: 02/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Gutsch R, Kandemir JD, Pietsch D, Cappello C, Meyer J, Simanowski K, Huber R, Brand K. CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta inhibits proliferation in monocytic cells by affecting the retinoblastoma protein/E2F/cyclin E pathway but is not directly required for macrophage morphology. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:22716-29. [PMID: 21558273 PMCID: PMC3123039 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.152538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Monocytic differentiation is orchestrated by complex networks that are not fully understood. This study further elucidates the involvement of transcription factor CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β (C/EBPβ). Initially, we demonstrated a marked increase in nuclear C/EBPβ-liver-enriched activating protein* (LAP*)/liver-enriched activating protein (LAP) levels and LAP/liver-enriched inhibiting protein (LIP) ratios in phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-treated differentiating THP-1 premonocytic cells accompanied by reduced proliferation. To directly study C/EBPβ effects on monocytic cells, we generated novel THP-1-derived (low endogenous C/EBPβ) cell lines stably overexpressing C/EBPβ isoforms. Most importantly, cells predominantly overexpressing LAP* (C/EBPβ-long), but not those overexpressing LIP (C/EBPβ-short), exhibited a reduced proliferation, with no effect on morphology. PMA-induced inhibition of proliferation was attenuated in C/EBPβ-short cells. In C/EBPβWT macrophage-like cells (high endogenous C/EBPβ), we measured a reduced proliferation/cycling index compared with C/EBPβKO. The typical macrophage morphology was only observed in C/EBPβWT, whereas C/EBPβKO stayed round. C/EBPα did not compensate for C/EBPβ effects on proliferation/morphology. Serum reduction, an independent approach known to inhibit proliferation, induced macrophage morphology in C/EBPβKO macrophage-like cells but not THP-1. In PMA-treated THP-1 and C/EBPβ-long cells, a reduced phosphorylation of cell cycle repressor retinoblastoma was found. In addition, C/EBPβ-long cells showed reduced c-Myc expression accompanied by increased CDK inhibitor p27 and reduced cyclin D1 levels. Finally, C/EBPβ-long and C/EBPβWT cells exhibited low E2F1 and cyclin E levels, and C/EBPβ overexpression was found to inhibit cyclin E1 promoter-dependent transcription. Our results suggest that C/EBPβ reduces monocytic proliferation by affecting the retinoblastoma/E2F/cyclin E pathway and that it may contribute to, but is not directly required for, macrophage morphology. Inhibition of proliferation by C/EBPβ may be important for coordinated monocytic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina Gutsch
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
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