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Kole A, Bag AK, Pal AJ, De D. Generic model to unravel the deeper insights of viral infections: an empirical application of evolutionary graph coloring in computational network biology. BMC Bioinformatics 2024; 25:74. [PMID: 38365632 PMCID: PMC10874019 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-024-05690-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Graph coloring approach has emerged as a valuable problem-solving tool for both theoretical and practical aspects across various scientific disciplines, including biology. In this study, we demonstrate the graph coloring's effectiveness in computational network biology, more precisely in analyzing protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks to gain insights about the viral infections and its consequences on human health. Accordingly, we propose a generic model that can highlight important hub proteins of virus-associated disease manifestations, changes in disease-associated biological pathways, potential drug targets and respective drugs. We test our model on SARS-CoV-2 infection, a highly transmissible virus responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic. The pandemic took significant human lives, causing severe respiratory illnesses and exhibiting various symptoms ranging from fever and cough to gastrointestinal, cardiac, renal, neurological, and other manifestations. METHODS To investigate the underlying mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 infection-induced dysregulation of human pathobiology, we construct a two-level PPI network and employed a differential evolution-based graph coloring (DEGCP) algorithm to identify critical hub proteins that might serve as potential targets for resolving the associated issues. Initially, we concentrate on the direct human interactors of SARS-CoV-2 proteins to construct the first-level PPI network and subsequently applied the DEGCP algorithm to identify essential hub proteins within this network. We then build a second-level PPI network by incorporating the next-level human interactors of the first-level hub proteins and use the DEGCP algorithm to predict the second level of hub proteins. RESULTS We first identify the potential crucial hub proteins associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection at different levels. Through comprehensive analysis, we then investigate the cellular localization, interactions with other viral families, involvement in biological pathways and processes, functional attributes, gene regulation capabilities as transcription factors, and their associations with disease-associated symptoms of these identified hub proteins. Our findings highlight the significance of these hub proteins and their intricate connections with disease pathophysiology. Furthermore, we predict potential drug targets among the hub proteins and identify specific drugs that hold promise in preventing or treating SARS-CoV-2 infection and its consequences. CONCLUSION Our generic model demonstrates the effectiveness of DEGCP algorithm in analyzing biological PPI networks, provides valuable insights into disease biology, and offers a basis for developing novel therapeutic strategies for other viral infections that may cause future pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnab Kole
- Department of Computer Application, The Heritage Academy, Kolkata, W.B., 700107, India.
| | - Arup Kumar Bag
- Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | | | - Debashis De
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, Nadia, W.B., 741249, India
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Zhou F, Deng Z, Shen D, Lu M, Li M, Yu J, Xiao Y, Wang G, Qian K, Ju L, Wang X. DLGAP5 triggers proliferation and metastasis of bladder cancer by stabilizing E2F1 via USP11. Oncogene 2024; 43:594-607. [PMID: 38182895 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02932-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BLCA) is one of the most widespread malignancies worldwide, and displays significant tumor heterogeneity. Understanding the molecular mechanisms exploitable for treating aggressive BLCA represents a crucial objective. Despite the involvement of DLGAP5 in tumors, its precise molecular role in BLCA remains unclear. BLCA tissues exhibit a substantial increase in DLGAP5 expression compared with normal bladder tissues. This heightened DLGAP5 expression positively correlated with the tumor's clinical stage and significantly affected prognosis negatively. Additionally, experiments conducted in vitro and in vivo revealed that alterations in DLGAP5 expression notably influence cell proliferation and migration. Mechanistically, the findings demonstrated that DLGAP5 was a direct binding partner of E2F1 and that DLGAP5 stabilized E2F1 by preventing the ubiquitination of E2F1 through USP11. Furthermore, as a pivotal transcription factor, E2F1 fosters the transcription of DLGAP5, establishing a positive feedback loop between DLGAP5 and E2F1 that accelerates BLCA development. In summary, this study identified DLGAP5 as an oncogene in BLCA. Our research unveils a novel oncogenic mechanism in BLCA and offers a potential target for both diagnosing and treating BLCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenfang Zhou
- Department of Urology, Laboratory of Precision Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhao Deng
- Department of Urology, Laboratory of Precision Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Dexin Shen
- Department of Urology, Laboratory of Precision Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Mengxin Lu
- Department of Urology, Laboratory of Precision Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mingxing Li
- Department of Urology, Laboratory of Precision Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingtian Yu
- Department of Urology, Laboratory of Precision Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Xiao
- Department of Urology, Laboratory of Precision Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Biological Repositories, Human Genetic Resources Preservation Center of Hubei Province, Hubei Key Laboratory of Urological Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Biological Repositories, Human Genetic Resources Preservation Center of Hubei Province, Hubei Key Laboratory of Urological Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kaiyu Qian
- Department of Biological Repositories, Human Genetic Resources Preservation Center of Hubei Province, Hubei Key Laboratory of Urological Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lingao Ju
- Department of Biological Repositories, Human Genetic Resources Preservation Center of Hubei Province, Hubei Key Laboratory of Urological Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Xinghuan Wang
- Department of Urology, Laboratory of Precision Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
- Department of Biological Repositories, Human Genetic Resources Preservation Center of Hubei Province, Hubei Key Laboratory of Urological Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
- Medical Research Institute, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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Zhang X, Tyrrell DJ, Alliston T, Schilling B, Yousefzadeh MJ, Schafer MJ. Senescence and Inflammation: Summary of a Gerontological Society of America and National Institute on Aging-Sponsored Symposium. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2023; 78:1733-1739. [PMID: 37148367 PMCID: PMC10562889 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glad120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The National Institute on Aging sponsored a symposium at the Gerontological Society of America (GSA) annual meeting in Indianapolis, Indiana, to discuss recent discoveries related to senescent and inflammatory mechanisms in aging and disease. Consistent with the 2022 Biological Sciences GSA program led by Dr. Rozalyn Anderson, the symposium featured early-stage investigators and a leader in the field of geroscience research. Cell senescence and immune interactions coordinate homeostatic and protective programming throughout the life span. Dysfunctional communication in this exchange eventuates in inflammation-related compositional changes in aged tissues, including propagation of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype and accumulation of senescent and exhausted immune cells. Presentations in this symposium explored senescent and immune-related dysfunction in aging from diverse viewpoints and featured emerging cellular and molecular methods. A central takeaway from the event was that the use of new models and approaches, including single-cell -omics, novel mouse models, and 3D culture systems, is revealing dynamic properties and interactions of senescent and immune cell fates. This knowledge is critical for devising new therapeutic approaches with important translational relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhang
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Daniel J Tyrrell
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Tamara Alliston
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Birgit Schilling
- The Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California, USA
| | - Matthew J Yousefzadeh
- Institute on the Biology of Aging and Metabolism, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Marissa J Schafer
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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Chen L, Zhang W, Chen D, Yang Q, Sun S, Dai Z, Li Z, Liang X, Chen C, Jiao Y, Zhi L, Zhao L, Zhang J, Liu X, Zhao J, Li M, Wang Y, Qi Y. RBM4 dictates ESCC cell fate switch from cellular senescence to glutamine-addiction survival through inhibiting LKB1-AMPK-axis. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:159. [PMID: 37080995 PMCID: PMC10119322 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01367-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence provides a protective barrier against tumorigenesis in precancerous or normal tissues upon distinct stressors. However, the detailed mechanisms by which tumor cells evade premature senescence to malignant progression remain largely elusive. Here we reported that RBM4 adversely impacted cellular senescence to favor glutamine-dependent survival of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cells by dictating the activity of LKB1, a critical governor of cancer metabolism. The level of RBM4 was specifically elevated in ESCC compared to normal tissues, and RBM4 overexpression promoted the malignant phenotype. RBM4 contributed to overcome H-RAS- or doxorubicin-induced senescence, while its depletion caused P27-dependent senescence and proliferation arrest by activating LKB1-AMPK-mTOR cascade. Mechanistically, RBM4 competitively bound LKB1 to disrupt the LKB1/STRAD/MO25 heterotrimeric complex, subsequently recruiting the E3 ligase TRIM26 to LKB1, promoting LKB1 ubiquitination and degradation in nucleus. Therefore, such molecular process leads to bypassing senescence and sustaining cell proliferation through the activation of glutamine metabolism. Clinically, the ESCC patients with high RBM4 and low LKB1 have significantly worse overall survival than those with low RBM4 and high LKB1. The RBM4 high/LKB1 low expression confers increased sensitivity of ESCC cells to glutaminase inhibitor CB-839, providing a novel insight into mechanisms underlying the glutamine-dependency to improve the efficacy of glutamine inhibitors in ESCC therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cells and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cells and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Dan Chen
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, China
| | - Quan Yang
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cells and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Siwen Sun
- Department of Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Zhenwei Dai
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cells and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Zhengzheng Li
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cells and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Xuemei Liang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, China
| | - Chaoqun Chen
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cells and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Yuexia Jiao
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cells and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Lili Zhi
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cells and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Lianmei Zhao
- Research Center, the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050011, China
| | - Jinrui Zhang
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cells and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Xuefeng Liu
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cells and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Jinyao Zhao
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cells and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Man Li
- Department of Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023, China.
| | - Yang Wang
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cells and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China.
| | - Yangfan Qi
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cells and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China.
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Ye M, Huang X, Wu Q, Liu F. Senescent Stromal Cells in the Tumor Microenvironment: Victims or Accomplices? Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15071927. [PMID: 37046588 PMCID: PMC10093305 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15071927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a unique cellular state. Senescent cells enter a non-proliferative phase, and the cell cycle is arrested. However, senescence is essentially an active cellular phenotype, with senescent cells affecting themselves and neighboring cells via autocrine and paracrine patterns. A growing body of research suggests that the dysregulation of senescent stromal cells in the microenvironment is tightly associated with the development of a variety of complex cancers. The role of senescent stromal cells in impacting the cancer cell and tumor microenvironment has also attracted the attention of researchers. In this review, we summarize the generation of senescent stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment and their specific biological functions. By concluding the signaling pathways and regulatory mechanisms by which senescent stromal cells promote tumor progression, distant metastasis, immune infiltration, and therapy resistance, this paper suggests that senescent stromal cells may serve as potential targets for drug therapy, thus providing new clues for future related research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghan Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Xinyi Huang
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Qianju Wu
- Stomatological Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Stomatological Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Xiamen 361008, China
- Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Fei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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Truskowski K, Amend SR, Pienta KJ. Dormant cancer cells: programmed quiescence, senescence, or both? Cancer Metastasis Rev 2023; 42:37-47. [PMID: 36598661 PMCID: PMC10014758 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-022-10073-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Metastasis is the overwhelming driver of cancer mortality, accounting for the majority of cancer deaths. Many patients present with metastatic relapse years after eradication of the primary lesion. Disseminated cancer cells can undergo a durable proliferative arrest and lie dormant in secondary tissues before reentering the cell cycle to seed these lethal relapses. This process of cancer cell dormancy remains poorly understood, largely due to difficulties in studying these dormant cells. In the face of these challenges, the application of knowledge from the cellular senescence and quiescence fields may help to guide future thinking on the study of dormant cancer cells. Both senescence and quiescence are common programs of proliferative arrest that are integral to tissue development and homeostasis. Despite phenotypic differences, these two states also share common characteristics, and both likely play a role in cancer dormancy and delayed metastatic relapse. Understanding the cell biology behind these states, their overlaps and unique characteristics is critical to our future understanding of dormant cancer cells, as these cells likely employ some of the same molecular programs to promote survival and dissemination. In this review, we highlight the biology underlying these non-proliferative states, relate this knowledge to what we currently know about dormant cancer cells, and discuss implications for future work toward targeting these elusive metastatic seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Truskowski
- Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine Graduate Training Program, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 1830 E. Monument St. Suite 20103, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
- Cancer Ecology Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Sarah R Amend
- Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine Graduate Training Program, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 1830 E. Monument St. Suite 20103, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Cancer Ecology Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kenneth J Pienta
- Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine Graduate Training Program, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 1830 E. Monument St. Suite 20103, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Cancer Ecology Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Gao H, Zhou F, Li R, Yuan J, Ye L. E2F1 inhibits cellular senescence and promotes oxaliplatin resistance in colorectal cancer. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2023; 11:185. [PMID: 36923082 PMCID: PMC10009566 DOI: 10.21037/atm-22-4054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Background Doctors have always been overwhelmed by tumor drug resistance because it is a major challenge in the clinical treatment of tumors. Cellular senescence has a strong relationship with the development of tumor drug resistance. Herein, we aimed to explore new regulatory factors involved in the aging process of colorectal cancer (CRC) cells and assess the effect of cellular senescence on CRC drug resistance. Methods Genes associated with cellular senescence for anticipating regulatory factors were first used, and the regulatory molecules of survival significance were then identified based on the results of public database analysis. The effects of E2F translation factor 1 (E2F1) on CRC cell viability, invasion, migration, and cellular senescence processes were assessed through 3-(4,5)-dimethylthiahiazo(-z-y1)-3,5-di-phenytetrazoliumromide (MTT), 5-Ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU), Transwell, scar repairining, β-galactosidase staining, and cell immunofluorescence assays, respectively. Overexpression or silencing plasmids were used for transfecting HCT116 or OXA-HCT116 to assess the effect of E2F1 on the senescence process and drug resistance in CRC cells. Results On combining the database analysis results with those of our studies, we found that E2F1 was a critical regulator of cellular senescence in CRC. In the in vitro experiments, the E2F1 overexpression significantly stimulated the proliferation, invasion, and migration of CRC cells and even reduced oxaliplatin-induced senescence, further enhancing their resistance to oxaliplatin. Conversely, the tumorigenesis of colorectal cancer was repressed after the suppression of E2F1. Furthermore, CRC cells, which were otherwise resistant to oxaliplatin, also showed senescent phenotypes. Conclusions Our results suggest that E2F1 suppresses the aging of CRC cells and tumor cells develop resistance to oxaliplatin through high E2F1 expression. Moreover, E2F1 may act as a possible target for oxaliplatin resistance studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Gao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fangyuan Zhou
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Runze Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiao Yuan
- Department of Biospecimen Centre, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lin Ye
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Saleh T, Khasawneh AI, Himsawi N, Abu-Raideh J, Ejeilat V, Elshazly AM, Gewirtz DA. Senolytic Therapy: A Potential Approach for the Elimination of Oncogene-Induced Senescent HPV-Positive Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415512. [PMID: 36555154 PMCID: PMC9778669 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Senescence represents a unique cellular stress response characterized by a stable growth arrest, macromolecular alterations, and wide spectrum changes in gene expression. Classically, senescence is the end-product of progressive telomeric attrition resulting from the repetitive division of somatic cells. In addition, senescent cells accumulate in premalignant lesions, in part, as a product of oncogene hyperactivation, reflecting one element of the tumor suppressive function of senescence. Oncogenic processes that induce senescence include overexpression/hyperactivation of H-Ras, B-Raf, and cyclin E as well as inactivation of PTEN. Oncogenic viruses, such as Human Papilloma Virus (HPV), have also been shown to induce senescence. High-risk strains of HPV drive the immortalization, and hence transformation, of cervical epithelial cells via several mechanisms, but primarily via deregulation of the cell cycle, and possibly, by facilitating escape from senescence. Despite the wide and successful utilization of HPV vaccines in reducing the incidence of cervical cancer, this measure is not effective in preventing cancer development in individuals already positive for HPV. Accordingly, in this commentary, we focus on the potential contribution of oncogene and HPV-induced senescence (OIS) in cervical cancer. We further consider the potential utility of senolytic agents for the elimination of HPV-harboring senescent cells as a strategy for reducing HPV-driven transformation and the risk of cervical cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tareq Saleh
- Department of Pharmacology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13133, Jordan
- Correspondence: (T.S.); (D.A.G.)
| | - Ashraf I. Khasawneh
- Department of Microbiology, Pathology, and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13133, Jordan
| | - Nisreen Himsawi
- Department of Microbiology, Pathology, and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13133, Jordan
| | - Jumana Abu-Raideh
- Department of Microbiology, Pathology, and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13133, Jordan
| | - Vera Ejeilat
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Ahmed M. Elshazly
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - David A. Gewirtz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
- Correspondence: (T.S.); (D.A.G.)
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PAHSAs reduce cellular senescence and protect pancreatic beta cells from metabolic stress through regulation of Mdm2/p53. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2206923119. [PMID: 36375063 PMCID: PMC9704710 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2206923119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Senescence in pancreatic beta cells plays a major role in beta cell dysfunction, which leads to impaired glucose homeostasis and diabetes. Therefore, prevention of beta cell senescence could reduce the risk of diabetes. Treatment of nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice, a model of type 1 autoimmune diabetes (T1D), with palmitic acid hydroxy stearic acids (PAHSAs), a novel class of endogenous lipids with antidiabetic and antiinflammatory effects, delays the onset and reduces the incidence of T1D from 82% with vehicle treatment to 35% with PAHSAs. Here, we show that a major mechanism by which PAHSAs protect islets of the NOD mice is by directly preventing and reversing the initial steps of metabolic stress-induced senescence. In vitro PAHSAs increased Mdm2 expression, which decreases the stability of p53, a key inducer of senescence-related genes. In addition, PAHSAs enhanced expression of protective genes, such as those regulating DNA repair and glutathione metabolism and promoting autophagy. We demonstrate the translational relevance by showing that PAHSAs prevent and reverse early stages of senescence in metabolically stressed human islets by the same Mdm2 mechanism. Thus, a major mechanism for the dramatic effect of PAHSAs in reducing the incidence of type 1 diabetes in NOD mice is decreasing cellular senescence; PAHSAs may have a similar benefit in humans.
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10
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Nagaraj K, Sarfstein R, Laron Z, Werner H. Long-Term IGF1 Stimulation Leads to Cellular Senescence via Functional Interaction with the Thioredoxin-Interacting Protein, TXNIP. Cells 2022; 11:cells11203260. [PMID: 36291127 PMCID: PMC9601129 DOI: 10.3390/cells11203260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The growth hormone (GH)–insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF1) signaling pathway plays a major role in orchestrating cellular interactions, metabolism, growth and aging. Studies from worms to mice showed that downregulated activity of the GH/IGF1 pathway could be beneficial for the extension of lifespan. Laron syndrome (LS) is an inherited autosomal recessive disorder caused by molecular defects of the GH receptor (GHR) gene, leading to congenital IGF1 deficiency. Life-long exposure to minute endogenous IGF1 levels in LS is associated with low stature as well as other endocrine and metabolic deficits. Epidemiological surveys reported that patients with LS have a reduced risk of developing cancer. Studies conducted on LS-derived lymphoblastoid cells led to the identification of a novel link between IGF1 and thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP), a multifunctional mitochondrial protein. TXNIP is highly expressed in LS patients and plays a critical role in cellular redox regulation by thioredoxin. Given that IGF1 affects the levels of TXNIP under various stress conditions, including high glucose and oxidative stress, we hypothesized that the IGF1–TXNIP axis plays an essential role in helping maintain a physiological balance in cellular homeostasis. In this study, we show that TXNIP is vital for the cell fate choice when cells are challenged by various stress signals. Furthermore, prolonged IGF1 treatment leads to the establishment of a premature senescence phenotype characterized by a unique senescence network signature. Combined IGF1/TXNIP-induced premature senescence can be associated with a typical secretory inflammatory phenotype that is mediated by STAT3/IL-1A signaling. Finally, these mechanistic insights might help with the understanding of basic aspects of IGF1-related pathologies in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthik Nagaraj
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Rive Sarfstein
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Zvi Laron
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Research Unit, Schneider Children’s Medical Center, Petah Tikva 49292, Israel
| | - Haim Werner
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +972-3-6408542; Fax: +972-3-6405055
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11
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Moran H, A. Ghandhi S, Shimada N, Hubbard K. Identification of RNA Species That Bind to the hnRNP A1 in Normal and Senescent Human Fibroblasts. Physiology (Bethesda) 2022. [DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.101525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
hnRNP A1 is a member of the hnRNPs (heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins) family of proteins that play a central role in regulating genes responsible for cell proliferation, DNA repair, apoptosis, and telomere biogenesis. Previous studies have shown that hnRNPA1 had reduced protein levels and increased cytoplasmic accumulation in senescent human diploid fibroblasts. The consequence of reduced protein expression and altered cellular localization may account for the alterations in gene expression observed during senescence. There is limited information for gene targets of hnRNP A1 as well as its in vivo function. In these studies, we performed RNA co-immunoprecipitation experiments using hnRNP A1 as the target protein to identify potential mRNA species in ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes. Using this approach, we identified the human double minute 2 (HDM2) mRNA as a binding target for hnRNP A1 in young and senescent human diploid fibroblasts cells. It was also observed that alterations of hnRNP A1 expression modulate HDM2 mRNA levels in young IMR-90 cells. We also demonstrated that the levels of HDM2 mRNA increased with the downregulation of hnRNP A1 and decrease with the overexpression of hnRNP A1. Although we did not observe a significant decrease in HDM2 protein level, a concomitant increase in p53 protein level was detected with the overexpression of hnRNP A1. Our studies also show that hnRNP A1 directly interacts with HDM2 mRNA at a region corresponding to its 3′ UTR (untranslated region of a gene). The results from this study demonstrate that hnRNP A1 has a novel role in participating in the regulation of HDM2 gene expression.
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12
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Mafra D, Ugochukwu SA, Borges NA, Cardozo LFMF, Stenvinkel P, Shiels PG. Food for healthier aging: power on your plate. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:603-616. [PMID: 35959705 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2107611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Inflammageing is a persistent low-level inflammatory burden that accompanies age-related dysregulation of the immune system during normative aging and within the diseasome of aging. A healthy diet containing a balanced amount of macronutrients, vitamins and minerals, adequate in calories and rich in poly(phenols), has an essential role in mitigating the effects of inflammageing and extending healthspan through modulation of the activity of a range of factors. These include transcription factors, such as nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-kB), the inflammasome and the activities of the gut microbiota. The aim of this narrative review is to discuss the potential of food to ameliorate the effects of the diseasome of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Mafra
- Post-Graduation Program in Nutrition Sciences, Federal Fluminense University (UFF), Niterói, Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - Physiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Natalia A Borges
- Institute of Nutrition, Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Post-Graduation Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Federal Fluminense University (UFF), Niterói, Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil
| | - Ludmila F M F Cardozo
- Post-Graduation Program in Nutrition Sciences, Federal Fluminense University (UFF), Niterói, Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil
- Post-Graduation Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Federal Fluminense University (UFF), Niterói, Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil
| | - Peter Stenvinkel
- Division of Renal Medicine and Baxter Novum, Department of Clinical Science, Technology and Intervention, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paul G Shiels
- Wolfson Wohl Translational Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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13
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Role of Senescence in Tumorigenesis and Anticancer Therapy. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:5969536. [PMID: 35342397 PMCID: PMC8956409 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5969536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Although the role of senescence in many physiological and pathological processes is becoming more identifiable, many aspects of senescence are still enigmatic. A special attention is paid to the role of this phenomenon in tumor development and therapy. This review mainly deals with a large spectrum of oncological issues, beginning with therapy-induced senescence and ending with oncogene-induced senescence. Moreover, the role of senescence in experimental approaches, such as primary cancer cell culture or reprogramming into stem cells, is also beginning to receive further consideration. Additional focus is made on senescence resulting from mitotic catastrophe processes triggered by events occurring during mitosis and jeopardizing chromosomal stability. It has to be also realized that based on recent findings, the basics of senescent cell property interpretation, such as irreversibility of proliferation blockade, can be undermined. It shows that the definition of senescence probably requires updating. Finally, the role of senescence is lately more understandable in the immune system, especially since senescence can diminish the effectiveness of the chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge regarding all these issues.
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14
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Otaegi-Ugartemendia M, Matheu A, Carrasco-Garcia E. Impact of Cancer Stem Cells on Therapy Resistance in Gastric Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14061457. [PMID: 35326607 PMCID: PMC8946717 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14061457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is the fourth leading cause of cancer death worldwide, with an average 5-year survival rate of 32%, being of 6% for patients presenting distant metastasis. Despite the advances made in the treatment of GC, chemoresistance phenomena arise and promote recurrence, dissemination and dismal prognosis. In this context, gastric cancer stem cells (gCSCs), a small subset of cancer cells that exhibit unique characteristics, are decisive in therapy failure. gCSCs develop different protective mechanisms, such as the maintenance in a quiescent state as well as enhanced detoxification procedures and drug efflux activity, that make them insusceptible to current treatments. This, together with their self-renewal capacity and differentiation ability, represents major obstacles for the eradication of this disease. Different gCSC regulators have been described and used to isolate and characterize these cell populations. However, at the moment, no therapeutic strategy has achieved the effective targeting of gCSCs. This review will focus on the properties of cancer stem cells in the context of therapy resistance and will summarize current knowledge regarding the impact of the gCSC regulators that have been associated with GC chemoradioresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ander Matheu
- Cellular Oncology Group, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain; (M.O.-U.); (A.M.)
- CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERfes), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Estefania Carrasco-Garcia
- Cellular Oncology Group, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain; (M.O.-U.); (A.M.)
- CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERfes), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-943-006296
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15
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Mashinchian O, Hong X, Michaud J, Migliavacca E, Lefebvre G, Boss C, De Franceschi F, Le Moal E, Collerette-Tremblay J, Isern J, Metairon S, Raymond F, Descombes P, Bouche N, Muñoz-Cánoves P, Feige JN, Bentzinger CF. In vivo transcriptomic profiling using cell encapsulation identifieseffector pathways of systemic aging. eLife 2022; 11:57393. [PMID: 35245177 PMCID: PMC8926399 DOI: 10.7554/elife.57393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sustained exposure to a young systemic environment rejuvenates aged organisms and promotes cellular function. However, due to the intrinsic complexity of tissues it remains challenging to pinpoint niche-independent effects of circulating factors on specific cell populations. Here, we describe a method for the encapsulation of human and mouse skeletal muscle progenitors in diffusible polyethersulfone hollow fiber capsules that can be used to profile systemic aging in vivo independent of heterogeneous short-range tissue interactions. We observed that circulating long-range signaling factors in the old systemic environment lead to an activation of Myc and E2F transcription factors, induce senescence, and suppress myogenic differentiation. Importantly, in vitro profiling using young and old serum in 2D culture does not capture all pathways deregulated in encapsulated cells in aged mice. Thus, in vivo transcriptomic profiling using cell encapsulation allows for the characterization of effector pathways of systemic aging with unparalleled accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Mashinchian
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Xiaotong Hong
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Joris Michaud
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Gregory Lefebvre
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christophe Boss
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Emmeran Le Moal
- Département de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | | | - Joan Isern
- Vascular Pathophysiology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sylviane Metairon
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Frederic Raymond
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Descombes
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Bouche
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pura Muñoz-Cánoves
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jerome N Feige
- Nestlé Institute of Health Science, Nestlé Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - C Florian Bentzinger
- Département de pharmacologie-physiologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
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16
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Ali D, Tencerova M, Figeac F, Kassem M, Jafari A. The pathophysiology of osteoporosis in obesity and type 2 diabetes in aging women and men: The mechanisms and roles of increased bone marrow adiposity. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:981487. [PMID: 36187112 PMCID: PMC9520254 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.981487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is defined as a systemic skeletal disease characterized by decreased bone mass and micro-architectural deterioration leading to increased fracture risk. Osteoporosis incidence increases with age in both post-menopausal women and aging men. Among other important contributing factors to bone fragility observed in osteoporosis, that also affect the elderly population, are metabolic disturbances observed in obesity and Type 2 Diabetes (T2D). These metabolic complications are associated with impaired bone homeostasis and a higher fracture risk. Expansion of the Bone Marrow Adipose Tissue (BMAT), at the expense of decreased bone formation, is thought to be one of the key pathogenic mechanisms underlying osteoporosis and bone fragility in obesity and T2D. Our review provides a summary of mechanisms behind increased Bone Marrow Adiposity (BMA) during aging and highlights the pre-clinical and clinical studies connecting obesity and T2D, to BMA and bone fragility in aging osteoporotic women and men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia Ali
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, KMEB, University of Southern Denmark and Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- *Correspondence: Dalia Ali, ; Abbas Jafari,
| | - Michaela Tencerova
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology of Bone, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Florence Figeac
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, KMEB, University of Southern Denmark and Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Moustapha Kassem
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, KMEB, University of Southern Denmark and Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Abbas Jafari
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- *Correspondence: Dalia Ali, ; Abbas Jafari,
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17
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Bamberger C, Pankow S, Yates JR. SMG1 and CDK12 Link ΔNp63α Phosphorylation to RNA Surveillance in Keratinocytes. J Proteome Res 2021; 20:5347-5358. [PMID: 34761935 PMCID: PMC10653645 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.1c00427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The tumor suppressor p53-like protein p63 is required for self-renewal of epidermal tissues. Loss of p63 or exposure to ultraviolet (UV) irradiation triggers terminal differentiation in keratinocytes. However, it remains unclear how p63 diverts epidermal cells from proliferation to terminal differentiation, thereby contributing to successful tissue self-renewal. Here, we used bottom-up proteomics to identify the proteome at the chromatin in normal human epidermal keratinocytes following UV irradiation and p63 depletion. We found that loss of p63 increased DNA damage and that UV irradiation recruited the cyclin-dependent kinase CDK12 and the serine/threonine protein kinase SMG1 to chromatin only in the presence of p63. A post-translational modification analysis of ΔNp63α with mass spectrometry revealed that phosphorylation of T357/S358 and S368 was dependent on SMG1, whereas CDK12 increased the phosphorylation of ΔNp63α at S66/S68 and S301. Indirect phosphorylation of ΔNp63α in the presence of SMG1 enabled ΔNp63α to bind to the tumor suppressor p53-specific DNA recognition sequence, whereas CDK12 rendered ΔNp63α less responsive to UV irradiation and was not required for specific DNA binding. CDK12 and SMG1 are known to regulate the transcription and splicing of RNAs and the decay of nonsense RNAs, respectively, and a subset of p63-specific protein-protein interactions at the chromatin also linked p63 to RNA transcription and decay. We observed that in the absence of p63, UV irradiation resulted in more ORF1p. ORF1p is the first protein product of the intronless non-LTR retrotransposon LINE-1, indicating a derailed surveillance of RNA processing and/or translation. Our results suggest that p63 phosphorylation and transcriptional activation might correspond to altered RNA processing and/or translation to protect proliferating keratinocytes from increased genotoxic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casimir Bamberger
- Department for Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Sandra Pankow
- Department for Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - John R. Yates
- Department for Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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18
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Chen M, Xu WM, Wang GY, Hou YX, Tian TT, Li YQ, Qi HJ, Zhou M, Kong WJ, Lu MX. Genetic variants of cell cycle pathway genes are associated with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in the Chinese population. Carcinogenesis 2021; 42:1337-1346. [PMID: 34643214 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgab094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic alterations in the cell cycle pathway are common in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). We identified four novel HNSCC susceptibility loci (CDKN1C rs452338, CDK4 rs2072052, E2F2 rs3820028 and E2F2 rs2075993) through a two-stage matched case-control study. There was a combined effect among the four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), as the number of risk genotypes increased, the risk of HNSCC displayed an increasing trend (Ptrend < 0.001). And there were multiplicative interactions between rs452338 and rs2072052, rs2072052 and rs3820028, rs2072052 and rs2075993. Functional bioinformatics analysis and dual-luciferase reporter assay revealed that E2F2 rs2075993 T>C reduced the stability of E2F2 3'-UTR secondary structure and affected the binding of E2F2 to miR-940, which was up-regulated in HNSCC tumor tissues (P = 2.9e-8) and was correlated with poor overall survival of HNSCC (HR = 1.39, 95% CI = 1.02-1.90). In vitro assays, we discovered that the expression of miR-940 was regulated by METTL3, and miR-940 promoted the proliferation, migration and invasion, and inhibited the senescence and autophagy of tumor cells. In terms of mechanism, compared with rs2075993 allele T, we found that the protective variant rs2075993 allele C interfered with the translational inhibition of E2F2 by miR-940, resulting in increased expression of E2F2 protein, which further reduced the proliferation, migration, invasion, and increased the senescence of tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mo Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Wen-Mao Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.,Department of Public Health, Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Gui-Yang Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.,Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital, Tuberculosis Control and Management Office, Wuhan Institute for Tuberculosis Control, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Ya-Xuan Hou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Ting-Ting Tian
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.,National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206,China
| | - Yu-Qing Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.,Department of Medical Insurance Office, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Hong-Jiao Qi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Meng Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Wei-Jia Kong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Mei-Xia Lu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
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19
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Li B, Zhang G, Wang Z, Yang Y, Wang C, Fang D, Liu K, Wang F, Mei Y. c-Myc-activated USP2-AS1 suppresses senescence and promotes tumor progression via stabilization of E2F1 mRNA. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:1006. [PMID: 34707111 PMCID: PMC8551278 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04330-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The c-Myc oncoprotein plays a prominent role in cancer initiation, progression, and maintenance. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are recently emerging as critical regulators of the c-Myc signaling pathway. Here, we report the lncRNA USP2-AS1 as a direct transcriptional target of c-Myc. Functionally, USP2-AS1 inhibits cellular senescence and acts as an oncogenic molecule by inducing E2F1 expression. Mechanistically, USP2-AS1 associates with the RNA-binding protein G3BP1 and facilitates the interaction of G3BP1 to E2F1 3′-untranslated region, thereby leading to the stabilization of E2F1 messenger RNA. Furthermore, USP2-AS1 is shown as a mediator of the oncogenic function of c-Myc via the regulation of E2F1. Together, these findings suggest that USP2-AS1 is a negative regulator of cellular senescence and also implicates USP2-AS1 as an important player in mediating c-Myc function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingyan Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Guang Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zhongyu Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yang Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Chenfeng Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Debao Fang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Kaiyue Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Fang Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China.
| | - Yide Mei
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China. .,Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China.
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20
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Tripathi U, Misra A, Tchkonia T, Kirkland JL. Impact of Senescent Cell Subtypes on Tissue Dysfunction and Repair: Importance and Research Questions. Mech Ageing Dev 2021; 198:111548. [PMID: 34352325 PMCID: PMC8373827 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2021.111548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cellular senescence, first observed and defined through cell culture studies, is a cell fate associated with essentially permanent cell cycle arrest and that can be triggered by a variety of inducers. Emerging evidence suggests senescence is a dynamic process with diverse functional characteristics. Depending on the tissue, type of inducer, and time since induction, senescent cells can promote tissue repair and re-modeling, prevent tumor development, or contribute to age-related disorders and chronic diseases, including cancers. Senescent cell characteristics appear to depend on multiple factors and be influenced by the milieu and other senescent cells locally and at a distance. We review diverse phenotypes of senescent cells originating from different cell types, senescence inducers over time since induction of senescence, and across conditions and diseases. This background is essential to inform further understanding about senescent cell subtypes and will point towards rational senescence-modulating strategies for achieving therapeutic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Utkarsh Tripathi
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Avanish Misra
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Tamar Tchkonia
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - James L Kirkland
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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21
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Yang J, Liu M, Hong D, Zeng M, Zhang X. The Paradoxical Role of Cellular Senescence in Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:722205. [PMID: 34458273 PMCID: PMC8388842 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.722205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence occurs in proliferating cells as a consequence of various triggers including telomere shortening, DNA damage, and inappropriate expression of oncogenes. The senescent state is accompanied by failure to reenter the cell cycle under mitotic stimulation, resistance to cell death and enhanced secretory phenotype. A growing number of studies have convincingly demonstrated a paradoxical role for spontaneous senescence and therapy-induced senescence (TIS), that senescence may involve both cancer prevention and cancer aggressiveness. Cellular senescence was initially described as a physiological suppressor mechanism of tumor cells, because cancer development requires cell proliferation. However, there is growing evidence that senescent cells may contribute to oncogenesis, partly in a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP)-dependent manner. On the one hand, SASP prevents cell division and promotes immune clearance of damaged cells, thereby avoiding tumor development. On the other hand, SASP contributes to tumor progression and relapse through creating an immunosuppressive environment. In this review, we performed a review to summarize both bright and dark sides of senescence in cancer, and the strategies to handle senescence in cancer therapy were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- Melanoma and Sarcoma Medical Oncology Unit, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengmeng Liu
- Melanoma and Sarcoma Medical Oncology Unit, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongchun Hong
- Melanoma and Sarcoma Medical Oncology Unit, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Musheng Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xing Zhang
- Melanoma and Sarcoma Medical Oncology Unit, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
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Xu Z, Qu H, Ren Y, Gong Z, Ri HJ, Chen X. An Update on the Potential Roles of E2F Family Members in Colorectal Cancer. Cancer Manag Res 2021; 13:5509-5521. [PMID: 34276228 PMCID: PMC8277564 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s320193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major health burden worldwide, and thus, optimised diagnosis and treatments are imperative. E2F transcription factors (E2Fs) are a family of transcription factors consisting of eight genes, contributing to the oncogenesis and development of CRC. Importantly, E2Fs control not only the cell cycle but also apoptosis, senescence, DNA damage response, and drug resistance by interacting with multiple signaling pathways. However, the specific functions and intricate machinery of these eight E2Fs in human CRC remain unclear in many respects. Evidence on E2Fs and CRC has been scattered on the related regulatory genes, microRNAs (miRNAs), and competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs). Accordingly, some drugs targeting E2Fs have been transferred from preclinical to clinical application. Herein, we have systemically reviewed the current literature on the roles of various E2Fs in CRC with the purpose of providing possible clinical implications for patient diagnosis and prognosis and future treatment strategy design, thereby furthering the understanding of the E2Fs.
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Affiliation(s)
- ZhaoHui Xu
- Department of Hernia and Colorectal Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Qu
- Department of Hernia and Colorectal Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - YanYing Ren
- Department of Hernia and Colorectal Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - ZeZhong Gong
- Department of Hernia and Colorectal Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Hyok Ju Ri
- Department of Hernia and Colorectal Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Hernia and Colorectal Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023, People's Republic of China
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Reprogramming of microRNA expression via E2F1 downregulation promotes Salmonella infection both in infected and bystander cells. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3392. [PMID: 34099666 PMCID: PMC8184997 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23593-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells infected with pathogens can contribute to clearing infections by releasing signals that instruct neighbouring cells to mount a pro-inflammatory cytokine response, or by other mechanisms that reduce bystander cells’ susceptibility to infection. Here, we show the opposite effect: epithelial cells infected with Salmonella Typhimurium secrete host factors that facilitate the infection of bystander cells. We find that the endoplasmic reticulum stress response is activated in both infected and bystander cells, and this leads to activation of JNK pathway, downregulation of transcription factor E2F1, and consequent reprogramming of microRNA expression in a time-dependent manner. These changes are not elicited by infection with other bacterial pathogens, such as Shigella flexneri or Listeria monocytogenes. Remarkably, the protein HMGB1 present in the secretome of Salmonella-infected cells is responsible for the activation of the IRE1 branch of the endoplasmic reticulum stress response in non-infected, neighbouring cells. Furthermore, E2F1 downregulation and the associated microRNA alterations promote Salmonella replication within infected cells and prime bystander cells for more efficient infection. Cells infected with pathogens can release signals that instruct neighbouring cells to mount an immune response or that reduce these cells’ susceptibility to infection. Here, Aguilar et al. show the opposite effect: cells infected with Salmonella Typhimurium secrete host factors that facilitate the infection of bystander cells by activating their ER-stress response.
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Mohanakumar A, Vijay GL, Vijayaraghavan N, Rajendran RS, Chandran MB, Thulasidharan MU, Damodaran DR, Sreekumar C, Krishnan V. Morphological alterations, activity, mRNA fold changes, and aging changes before and after orthodontic force application in young and adult human-derived periodontal ligament cells. Eur J Orthod 2021; 43:690-696. [PMID: 34041525 DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjab025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The response of periodontal ligament cells (PDLC) from adult subjects in comparison to those obtained from younger ones to mechanical forces has been a matter of interest recently because of induced senescent changes. This study evaluated and compared cell surface changes and activity, integrin beta 1, and β-actin mRNA fold changes as well as klotho protein secretion capabilities of PDLC from young and adult donors before and after subjecting to orthodontic forces. METHODS A total of 40 subjects with bimaxillary dentoalveolar protrusion requiring extraction of first premolars for orthodontic treatment were selected and divided into two groups. Force ranging from 80 to 90 g was applied to maxillary first premolars and extraction was carried out at two different time periods-pre-treatment (control group) and 28 days after force application (experimental group). Periodontal ligament was obtained, and cell surface changes and activity were observed with atomic force microscopy (AFM) and fluorescent tagging. mRNA fold change of integrin beta-1 and β-actin mRNA, as well as beta-galactosidase assay, was performed, and levels of klotho protein were evaluated. RESULTS AFM nanoindentation and fluorescent tagging indicated increased surface morphological changes in younger cells compared to adult ones. We observed a decrease in integrin beta 1 but an increase in β-actin mRNA levels in PDLC obtained from younger subjects compared to adults, while an increase was observed in SA-β-GAL from adult cells. The level of klotho protein was lower in adult cells in comparison to younger ones. LIMITATIONS Large sample studies are required to find out a variation in aging characteristics between young and adult PDLC. CONCLUSIONS The study observed significant differences between PDLC obtained from younger and adult subjects in response to orthodontic force application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aravind Mohanakumar
- Department of Orthodontics, Sri Sankara Dental College, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
| | - Geethu L Vijay
- Department of Orthodontics, Sri Sankara Dental College, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
| | | | - Rahul S Rajendran
- Department of Orthodontics, Sri Sankara Dental College, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
| | - Madhav B Chandran
- Department of Orthodontics, Sri Sankara Dental College, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
| | | | - Deepak R Damodaran
- Department of Orthodontics, Sri Sankara Dental College, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
| | - Chandrima Sreekumar
- Department of Orthodontics, Sri Sankara Dental College, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
| | - Vinod Krishnan
- Department of Orthodontics, Sri Sankara Dental College, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
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E2F1 Maintains Gastric Cancer Stemness Properties by Regulating Stemness-Associated Genes. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2021; 2021:6611327. [PMID: 33986804 PMCID: PMC8093057 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6611327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To determine the regulatory role of E2F1 in maintaining gastric cancer stemness properties and the clinical significance of E2F1 in gastric cancer. Materials and Methods We conducted a tumor spheroid formation assay to enrich gastric cancer stem-like cells. The protein and mRNA expression levels of genes were measured using Western Blot and qRT-PCR. Lentivirus-mediated overexpression and downregulation of E2F1 were performed to evaluate the effect of E2F1 on the stemness properties of gastric cancer cells. The effect of E2F1 on gastric cancer cell sensitivity of 5-Fu was evaluated using cell viability assay and TdT-mediated dUTP Nick-End Labeling staining. We also analyzed the association between E2F1 expression and clinical characteristics in gastric cancer patients. The KM plotter database was used to analyze the relationship between E2F1 and overall survival in GC patients. Results We found that E2F1 expression was significantly higher in gastric cancer tissues than in the paired adjacent normal tissues (p < 0.05) and was positively correlated with tumor size (p < 0.05), T stage (p < 0.05), and differentiation degree (p < 0.05). KM plotter database demonstrated a close association between higher E2F1 expression level and worse overall survival of gastric cancer patients (p < 0.05). In vitro assay illustrated that E2F1 could regulate the expression of stemness-associated genes, such as BMI1, OCT4, Nanog, and CD44, and maintain the tumor spheroid formation ability of gastric cancer cells. E2F1 enhanced 5-Fu resistance in gastric cancer cells, and the E2F1 expression level was correlated with the prognosis of gastric cancer patients receiving 5-Fu therapy. The expression levels of stemness-associated genes were also significantly higher in gastric cancer tissues than the paired adjacent normal tissues (p < 0.05). A positive correlation was observed between E2F1 and BMI1 (r = 0.422, p < 0.05), CD44 (r = 0.634, p < 0.05), OCT4 (r = 0.456, p < 0.05), and Nanog (r = 0.337, p < 0.05) in gastric cancer tissues. The co-overexpression of E2F1 and stemness-associated genes was associated with worse overall survival. Conclusion E2F1 plays a significant role in gastric cancer progression by maintaining gastric cancer stemness properties through the regulation of stemness-associated genes. The close association between E2F1 and poor prognosis of patients suggests that E2F1 could serve as a prognostic biomarker and a therapeutic target in gastric cancer patients.
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Tomicic MT, Krämer F, Nguyen A, Schwarzenbach C, Christmann M. Oxaliplatin-Induced Senescence in Colorectal Cancer Cells Depends on p14 ARF-Mediated Sustained p53 Activation. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13092019. [PMID: 33922007 PMCID: PMC8122251 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13092019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Senescence is an important consequence of cytostatic drug-based tumor therapy. Here we analyzed to which degree the anticancer drug oxaliplatin induces cell death, cell cycle arrest, and senescence in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells and elucidated the role of p53. Oxaliplatin treatment resulted in the G2-phase arrest in all CRC lines tested (HCT116p53+/+, HCT116p53-/-, LoVo, SW48 and SW480). Immunoblot analysis showed that within the p53-competent lines p53 and p21CIP1 are activated at early times upon oxaliplatin treatment. However, at later times, only LoVo cells showed sustained activation of the p53/p21CIP1 pathway, accompanied by a strong induction of senescence as measured by senescence-associated β-Gal staining and induction of senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) factors. Opposite to LoVo, the p53/p21CIP1 response and senescence induction was much weaker in the p53-proficient SW48 and SW480 cells, which was due to deficiency for p14ARF. Thus, among lines studied only LoVo express p14ARF protein and siRNA-mediated knockdown of p14ARF significantly reduced sustained p53/p21CIP1 activation and senescence. Vice versa, ectopic p14ARF expression enhanced oxaliplatin-induced senescence in SW48 and SW480 cells. Our data show that oxaliplatin-induced senescence in CRC cells is dependent on p53 proficiency; however, a significant induction can only be observed upon p14ARF-mediated p53 stabilization.
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Tyler EJ, Gutierrez del Arroyo A, Hughes BK, Wallis R, Garbe JC, Stampfer MR, Koh J, Lowe R, Philpott MP, Bishop CL. Early growth response 2 (EGR2) is a novel regulator of the senescence programme. Aging Cell 2021; 20:e13318. [PMID: 33547862 PMCID: PMC7963333 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Senescence, a state of stable growth arrest, plays an important role in ageing and age-related diseases in vivo. Although the INK4/ARF locus is known to be essential for senescence programmes, the key regulators driving p16 and ARF transcription remain largely underexplored. Using siRNA screening for modulators of the p16/pRB and ARF/p53/p21 pathways in deeply senescent human mammary epithelial cells (DS HMECs) and fibroblasts (DS HMFs), we identified EGR2 as a novel regulator of senescence. EGR2 expression is up-regulated during senescence, and its ablation by siRNA in DS HMECs and HMFs transiently reverses the senescent phenotype. We demonstrate that EGR2 activates the ARF and p16 promoters and directly binds to both the ARF and p16 promoters. Loss of EGR2 down-regulates p16 levels and increases the pool of p16- p21- 'reversed' cells in the population. Moreover, EGR2 overexpression is sufficient to induce senescence. Our data suggest that EGR2 is a direct transcriptional activator of the p16/pRB and ARF/p53/p21 pathways in senescence and a novel marker of senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor J. Tyler
- Blizard InstituteBarts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
| | - Ana Gutierrez del Arroyo
- Translational Medicine & TherapeuticsWilliam Harvey Research InstituteBarts and The London School of Medicine and DentistryQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
| | - Bethany K. Hughes
- Blizard InstituteBarts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
| | - Ryan Wallis
- Blizard InstituteBarts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
| | - James C. Garbe
- Biological Systems and Engineering DivisionLawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
| | - Martha R. Stampfer
- Biological Systems and Engineering DivisionLawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
| | - Jim Koh
- Division of General SurgeryDepartment of SurgeryUCSFSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Robert Lowe
- Blizard InstituteBarts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
| | - Michael P. Philpott
- Blizard InstituteBarts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
| | - Cleo L. Bishop
- Blizard InstituteBarts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
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Brindley EC, Papoin J, Kennedy L, Robledo RF, Ciciotte SL, Kalfa TA, Peters LL, Blanc L. Rasa3 regulates stage-specific cell cycle progression in murine erythropoiesis. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2021; 87:102524. [PMID: 33341069 PMCID: PMC7856249 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2020.102524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Inherited bone marrow failure syndromes (IBMFS) are heterogeneous disorders characterized by dysregulated hematopoiesis in various lineages, developmental anomalies, and predisposition to malignancy. The scat (severe combined anemia and thrombocytopenia) mouse model is a model of IBMFS with a phenotype of pancytopenia cycling through crises and remission. Scat carries an autosomal recessive missense mutation in Rasa3 that results in RASA3 mislocalization and loss of function. RASA3 functions as a Ras-GTPase activating protein (GAP), and its loss of function in scat results in increased erythroid RAS activity and reactive oxygen species (ROS) and altered erythroid cell cycle progression, culminating in delayed terminal erythroid differentiation. Here we sought to further resolve the erythroid cell cycle defect in scat through ex vivo flow cytometric analyses. These studies revealed a specific G0/G1 accumulation in scat bone marrow (BM) polychromatophilic erythroblasts and scat BM Ter119-/c-KIT+/CD71lo/med progenitors, with no changes evident in equivalent scat spleen populations. Systematic analyses of RNAseq data from megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitors (MEPs) in scat crisis vs. scat partial remission reveal altered expression of genes involved in the G1-S checkpoint. Together, these data indicate a precise, biphasic role for RASA3 in regulating the cell cycle during erythropoiesis with relevance to hematopoietic disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena C Brindley
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pediatrics, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY 11549, USA; Laboratory of Developmental Erythropoiesis, Les Nelkin Memorial Laboratory of Pediatric Oncology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Julien Papoin
- Laboratory of Developmental Erythropoiesis, Les Nelkin Memorial Laboratory of Pediatric Oncology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Lauren Kennedy
- Laboratory of Developmental Erythropoiesis, Les Nelkin Memorial Laboratory of Pediatric Oncology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | | | | | - Theodosia A Kalfa
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 05229, USA
| | | | - Lionel Blanc
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pediatrics, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY 11549, USA; Laboratory of Developmental Erythropoiesis, Les Nelkin Memorial Laboratory of Pediatric Oncology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA.
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Engler M, Fidan M, Nandi S, Cirstea IC. Senescence in RASopathies, a possible novel contributor to a complex pathophenoype. Mech Ageing Dev 2020; 194:111411. [PMID: 33309600 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2020.111411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Senescence is a biological process that induces a permanent cell cycle arrest and a specific gene expression program in response to various stressors. Following studies over the last few decades, the concept of senescence has evolved from an antiproliferative mechanism in cancer (oncogene-induced senescence) to a critical component of physiological processes associated with embryonic development, tissue regeneration, ageing and its associated diseases. In somatic cells, oncogenic mutations in RAS-MAPK pathway genes are associated with oncogene-induced senescence and cancer, while germline mutations in the same pathway are linked to a group of monogenic developmental disorders generally termed RASopathies. Here, we consider that in these disorders, senescence induction may result in opposing outcomes, a tumour protective effect and a possible contributor to a premature ageing phenotype identified in Costello syndrome, which belongs to the RASopathy group. In this review, we will highlight the role of senescence in organismal homeostasis and we will describe the current knowledge about senescence in RASopathies. Additionally, we provide a perspective on examples of experimentally characterised RASopathy mutations that, alone or in combination with various stressors, may also trigger an age-dependent chronic senescence, possibly contributing to the age-dependent worsening of RASopathy pathophenotype and the reduction of lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Engler
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology, Ulm University, Helmholtzstr. 8/1, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Miray Fidan
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology, Ulm University, Helmholtzstr. 8/1, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Sayantan Nandi
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology, Ulm University, Helmholtzstr. 8/1, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ion Cristian Cirstea
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology, Ulm University, Helmholtzstr. 8/1, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
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Kanda H, Igaki T. Mechanism of tumor-suppressive cell competition in flies. Cancer Sci 2020; 111:3409-3415. [PMID: 32677169 PMCID: PMC7541003 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncogenic mutations often trigger antitumor cellular response such as induction of apoptosis or cellular senescence. Studies in the last decade have identified the presence of the third guardian against mutation‐induced tumorigenesis, namely “cell competition.” Cell competition is a context‐dependent cell elimination whereby cells with higher fitness eliminate neighboring cells with lower fitness by inducing cell death. While oncogene‐induced apoptosis or oncogene‐induced senescence acts as a cell‐autonomous tumor suppressor, cell competition protects the tissue from tumorigenesis via cell‐cell communication. For instance, in Drosophila epithelium, oncogenic cells with cell polarity mutations overproliferate and develop into tumors on their own but are eliminated from the tissue when surrounded by wild‐type cells. Genetic studies in flies have unraveled that such tumor‐suppressive cell competition is regulated by at least three mechanisms: direct cell‐cell interaction between polarity‐deficient cells and wild‐type cells, secreted factors from epithelial cells, and systemic factors from distant organs. Molecular manipulation of tumor‐suppressive cell competition could provide a novel therapeutic strategy against human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Kanda
- Laboratory of Genetics, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tatsushi Igaki
- Laboratory of Genetics, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Mathey-Prevot B, Parker BT, Im C, Hong C, Dong P, Yao G, You L. Quantifying E2F1 protein dynamics in single cells. QUANTITATIVE BIOLOGY 2020; 8:20-30. [PMID: 32542116 DOI: 10.1007/s40484-019-0193-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Background E2F1 protein, a major effector of the Rb/E2F pathway plays a central role in regulating cell-fate decisions involved in proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation. Its expression is highly dynamic and tightly modulated through a combination of transcriptional, translational and posttranslational controls. However, the mechanisms by which its expression and activity can promote different cellular outcomes remain to be fully elucidated. To better document E2F1 expression in live cells, we have engineered a series of fluorescent E2F1 protein reporters that quantitatively capture E2F1 protein dynamics. Methods Reporter constructs, under the control of the mouse or human E2F1 proximal promoter, were designed to express an E2F1-Venus fusion protein incapable of binding DNA. In addition, constructs either included or excluded the 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) of the E2F1 gene. These constructs were introduced into fibroblasts and epithelial cells, and expression of the fusion reporter protein was validated and quantified in single cells using live imaging. Results In all cases, expression of the reporter protein effectively recapitulated the behavior of E2F1 under various conditions, including cell cycle progression and genotoxic stress. No or little fluorescent signal of the reporter was detected in G0, but as the cycle progressed, expression of the reporter protein steadily increased in the nucleus, peaking a few hours before cell division, but declining to baseline 2-3 h prior to the onset of mitosis. The absence of the E2F1 3'UTR in the constructs led to considerably higher steady-state levels of the fusion protein, which although normally regulated, exhibited a slightly less complex dynamic profile during the cell cycle or genotoxic stress. Lastly, the presence or absence of Rb failed to impact the overall detection and levels of the reporter proteins. Conclusions Our validated E2F1 protein reporters complement nicely other reporters of the Rb/E2F pathway and provide a unique tool to follow the complex dynamics of E2F1 expression in real time in single cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Mathey-Prevot
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Bao-Tran Parker
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Carolyn Im
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Cierra Hong
- Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Peng Dong
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Guang Yao
- Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Lingchong You
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27705, USA.,Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27705, USA.,Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27708, USA
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Nanomechanical insights: Amyloid beta oligomer-induced senescent brain endothelial cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2019; 1861:183061. [PMID: 31513781 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2019.183061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Senescent cells accumulate in various peripheral tissues during aging and have been shown to exacerbate age-related inflammatory responses. We recently showed that exposure to neurotoxic amyloid β (Aβ1-42) oligomers can readily induce a senescence phenotype in human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs). In the present work, we used atomic force microscopy (AFM) to further characterize the morphological properties such as cell membrane roughness and cell height and nanomechanical properties such as Young's modulus of the membrane (membrane stiffness) and adhesion resulting from the interaction between AFM tip and cell membrane in Aβ1-42 oligomer-induced senescent human brain microvascular endothelial cells. Morphological imaging studies showed a flatter and spread-out nucleus in the senescent HBMECs, both characteristic features of a senescent phenotype. Furthermore, the mean cell body roughness and mean cell height were lower in senescent HBMECs compared to untreated normal HBMECs. We also observed increased stiffness and alterations in the adhesion properties in Aβ1-42 oligomer-induced senescent endothelial cells compared to the untreated normal HBMECs suggesting dynamic reorganization of cell membrane. We then show that vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 (VEGFR-1) knockdown or overexpression of Rho GTPase Rac 1 in the endothelial cells inhibited senescence and reversed these nanomechanical alterations, confirming a direct role of these pathways in the senescent brain endothelial cells. These results illustrate that nanoindentation and topographic analysis of live senescent brain endothelial cells can provide insights into cerebrovascular dysfunction in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease.
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He J, Zhao Y, Zhao E, Wang X, Dong Z, Chen Y, Yang L, Cui H. Cancer-testis specific gene OIP5: a downstream gene of E2F1 that promotes tumorigenesis and metastasis in glioblastoma by stabilizing E2F1 signaling. Neuro Oncol 2019; 20:1173-1184. [PMID: 29547938 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noy037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The cancer-testis specific gene Opa interacting protein 5 (OIP5) is reactivated in many human cancers, but its functions in glioblastoma remain unclear. Here, we assessed the significance of OIP5 in the tumorigenesis and metastasis of glioblastoma for the first time. Methods An immunohistochemistry assay was performed to detect OIP5 expression changes in glioblastoma patients. Overall survival analysis was performed to evaluate the prognostic significance of OIP5. Growth curve, colony formation, and transwell assays were used to analyze cell proliferation and metastasis. Tumorigenicity potential was investigated in orthotopic tumor models, and immunoprecipitation, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and luciferase assays were employed to explore the mechanisms underlying the activation of OIP5 expression by E2F transcription factor 1 (E2F1) to stabilize and maintain E2F1 signaling. Results OIP5 was found to be upregulated in glioblastoma patients and to impair patient survival, and the increased expression of OIP5 was positively correlated with tumor stage. Compared with short hairpin green fluorescent protein cells, cells in which OIP5 was knocked down exhibited significantly reduced proliferation, metastasis, colony formation, and tumorigenicity abilities, whereas OIP5 recovery enhanced these abilities. OIP5 was highly correlated with cell cycle progression but had no obvious effects on apoptosis. Notably, we demonstrated a feedback loop in which E2F1 activates the expression of OIP5 to stabilize and maintain E2F1 signaling and promote the E2F1-regulated gene expression that is required for aggressive tumor biology. Conclusions Collectively, our findings demonstrate that OIP5 promotes glioblastoma progression and metastasis, suggesting that OIP5 is a potential target for anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang He
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuzu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Erhu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xianxing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhen Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yibiao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liqun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongjuan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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Ghosh AK, O’Brien M, Mau T, Qi N, Yung R. Adipose Tissue Senescence and Inflammation in Aging is Reversed by the Young Milieu. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2019; 74:1709-1715. [PMID: 30590424 PMCID: PMC6777079 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/gly290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) inflammation plays a central role in longevity and multiple age-related disorders. Cellular senescence (SEN) is a fundamental aging mechanism that contributes to age-related chronic inflammation and organ dysfunction, including VAT. Recent studies using heterochronic parabiosis models strongly suggested that circulating factors in young plasma alter the aging phenotypes of old animals. Our study investigated if young plasma rescued SEN phenotypes in the VAT of aging mice. With heterochronic parabiosis model using young (3 months) and old (18 months) mice, we found significant reduction in the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and altered adipokine profile that are protective of SEN in the VAT of old mice. These data are indicative of protection from SEN of aging VAT by young blood circulation. Old parabionts also exhibited diminished expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (CDKi) genes p16 (Cdkn2a) and p21 (Cdkn1a/Cip1) in the VAT. In addition, when exposed to young serum condition in an ex vivo culture system, aging adipose tissue-derived stromovascular fraction cells produced significantly lower amounts of pro-inflammatory cytokines (MCP-1 and IL-6) compared to old condition. Expressions of p16 and p21 genes were also diminished in the old stromovascular fraction cells under young serum condition. Finally, in 3T3-preadipocytes culture system, we found reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines (Mcp-1 and Il-6) and diminished expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor genes in the presence of young serum compared to old serum. In summary, this study demonstrates that young milieu is capable of protecting aging adipose tissue from SEN and thereby inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amiya Kumar Ghosh
- Division of Geriatric and Palliative Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Martin O’Brien
- Division of Geriatric and Palliative Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Theresa Mau
- Division of Geriatric and Palliative Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Nathan Qi
- Animal Phenotyping Core, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Raymond Yung
- Division of Geriatric and Palliative Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
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Zhang S, Mo Q, Wang X. Oncological role of HMGA2 (Review). Int J Oncol 2019; 55:775-788. [PMID: 31432151 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2019.4856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The high mobility group A2 (HMGA2) protein is a non‑histone architectural transcription factor that modulates the transcription of several genes by binding to AT‑rich sequences in the minor groove of B‑form DNA and alters the chromatin structure. As a result, HMGA2 influences a variety of biological processes, including the cell cycle process, DNA damage repair process, apoptosis, senescence, epithelial‑mesenchymal transition and telomere restoration. In addition, the overexpression of HMGA2 is a feature of malignancy, and its elevated expression in human cancer predicts the efficacy of certain chemotherapeutic agents. Accumulating evidence has suggested that the detection of HMGA2 can be used as a routine procedure in clinical tumour analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizhen Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Qiuping Mo
- Department of Surgical Oncology and Cancer Institute, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Xiaochen Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
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McGrory CL, Ryan KM, Kolshus E, McLoughlin DM. Peripheral blood E2F1 mRNA in depression and following electroconvulsive therapy. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2019; 89:380-385. [PMID: 30365982 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2018.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The E2F transcription factors are a group of proteins that bind to the promotor region of the adenovirus E2 gene. E2F1, the first family member to be cloned, is linked to functions including cell proliferation and apoptosis, DNA repair, cell senescence and metabolism. We recently performed a deep sequencing study of micro-RNA changes in whole blood following ECT. Two micro-RNAs (miR-126-3p and miR-106a-5p) were identified and gene targeting analysis identified E2F1 as a shared target of these miRNAs. To our knowledge, no studies have examined E2F1 mRNA levels in patients with depression. Peripheral blood E2F1 mRNA levels were therefore examined in patients with depression, compared to healthy controls, and the effects of a course of ECT on peripheral blood E2F1 mRNA was investigated. Depressed patient and healthy control groups were balanced on the basis of age and sex. E2F1 mRNA levels were significantly lower in depressed patients in comparison to controls (p = .009) but did not change with ECT. There was no relationship between baseline E2F1 levels and depression severity, response to treatment, presence of psychosis or polarity of depression. There were no significant correlations between E2F1 levels and mood scores based on the HAM-D24. These results indicate that reduced peripheral blood E2F1 mRNA could be a trait feature of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire L McGrory
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Dublin, St Patrick's University Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Karen M Ryan
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Dublin, St Patrick's University Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Erik Kolshus
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Dublin, St Patrick's University Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Declan M McLoughlin
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Dublin, St Patrick's University Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland.
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Tabasso AFS, Jones DJL, Jones GDD, Macip S. Radiotherapy-Induced Senescence and its Effects on Responses to Treatment. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2019; 31:283-289. [PMID: 30826201 DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Radiotherapy is still a treatment of choice for many malignancies, often in combination with other strategies. However, its efficacy is limited by the dose that can be safely administered without eliciting serious side-effects, as well as the fact that recurrence is common, particularly in large tumours. Combining radiotherapy with drugs that could sensitise cells to radiation and/or reduce the factors that promote the recovery of the surviving cancer cells is a promising approach. Ionising radiation has been shown to induce senescence and the accumulation of senescent cells creates a microenvironment that facilitates neoplastic growth. This provides a rationale to test the addition of anti-senescent drugs, some of which are already available in the clinic, to radiotherapy protocols. Here, we discuss the relevance of radiotherapy-induced senescent cell accumulation and the potential interventions to minimise its negative effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- A F S Tabasso
- Leicester Cancer Research Centre, Leicester Royal Infirmary, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK; Mechanisms of Cancer and Ageing Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - D J L Jones
- Leicester Cancer Research Centre, Leicester Royal Infirmary, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - G D D Jones
- Leicester Cancer Research Centre, Leicester Royal Infirmary, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - S Macip
- Mechanisms of Cancer and Ageing Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.
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Wang Y, Chen S, Yan Z, Pei M. A prospect of cell immortalization combined with matrix microenvironmental optimization strategy for tissue engineering and regeneration. Cell Biosci 2019; 9:7. [PMID: 30627420 PMCID: PMC6321683 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-018-0264-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a major hurdle for primary cell-based tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Telomere erosion, oxidative stress, the expression of oncogenes and the loss of tumor suppressor genes all may account for the cellular senescence process with the involvement of various signaling pathways. To establish immortalized cell lines for research and clinical use, strategies have been applied including internal genomic or external matrix microenvironment modification. Considering the potential risks of malignant transformation and tumorigenesis of genetic manipulation, environmental modification methods, especially the decellularized cell-deposited extracellular matrix (dECM)-based preconditioning strategy, appear to be promising for tissue engineering-aimed cell immortalization. Due to few review articles focusing on this topic, this review provides a summary of cell senescence and immortalization and discusses advantages and limitations of tissue engineering and regeneration with the use of immortalized cells as well as a potential rejuvenation strategy through combination with the dECM approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Wang
- 1Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, PO Box 9196, 64 Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV 26506-9196 USA.,2Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Song Chen
- 3Department of Orthopaedics, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, 610083 Sichuan China
| | - Zuoqin Yan
- 2Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Ming Pei
- 1Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, PO Box 9196, 64 Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV 26506-9196 USA.,4WVU Cancer Institute, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA
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Meco D, Di Francesco AM, Melotti L, Ruggiero A, Riccardi R. Ectopic nerve growth factor prevents proliferation in glioma cells by senescence induction. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:6820-6830. [PMID: 30417351 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The neurotrophin nerve growth factor (NGF) affects survival, regulation and differentiation of both central and peripheral nervous system neurons. NGF exerts its effects primarily through tropomyosin receptor kinase A (TrkA), inducing a cascade of tyrosine kinase-initiated responses. In spite of its importance, the general behavior of NGF looks contradictory: its effects can be both stimulatory and inhibitory. The present study aims to explore the molecular mechanisms induced by NGF in glioma cancer cells. METHODS The effects of NGF were investigated in high grade glioma and low grade pediatric glioma (PLGG) cell lines through comparative studies. In particular, we investigated TrkA-mediated cellular pathways, molecular signaling, proliferation, cell cycle and cellular senescence. RESULTS We found that exposure of PLGG cells to NGF produced stable growth arrest with the features of a senescence phenotype but without the expression of anti-poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage, a marker of apoptosis. Moreover, NGF treatment promoted the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase1/2 (ERK1/2), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) signaling. In addition, K252a, a TrkA inhibitor, significantly reduced the phosphorylation of the aforementioned signaling pathways, suggesting that NGF-activated ERK1/2 and AKT signaling take place downstream of TrkA-neurotrophin interaction. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide the first evidence that NGF can induce senescence of PLGG cells in a receptor-mediated fashion, thus supporting the hypothesis that in the clinical setting NGF might be beneficial to pediatric glioma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Meco
- Oncologia Pediatrica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCSS, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Antonio Ruggiero
- Oncologia Pediatrica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCSS, Rome, Italy.,Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Riccardo Riccardi
- Oncologia Pediatrica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCSS, Rome, Italy
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Li J, Liu Q, Liu Z, Xia Q, Zhang Z, Zhang R, Gao T, Gu G, Wang Y, Wang D, Chen X, Yang Y, He D, Xin T. KPNA2 promotes metabolic reprogramming in glioblastomas by regulation of c-myc. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2018; 37:194. [PMID: 30115078 PMCID: PMC6097452 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-018-0861-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Cancer cells maintain energy metabolism mainly by glycolysis, even under sufficient oxygen conditions. It gives cancer cells better growth advantages under complicated internal environment. KPNA2 is a novel oncogene that has received much attention in recent years, but the exact mechanisms of KPNA2 in tumorigenesis and progression are largely unknown. Especially its potential roles in the metabolic transformation of tumors still remain to be explored. Methods The expressions of KPNA2 in glioblastoma and normal human brain samples were analyzed by immunohistochemical analysis. The activities of key enzymes in glycolysis, the production of lactate acid and glucose uptake were investigated by colorimetry. GLUT-1 expression was measured by flow cytometry. CCK8 was used to examine the cell viability in vitro, and the xenograft models in nude mice were established to explore the roles of KPNA2 in vivo. In addition, Co-IP, subcellular fractionation, western blot, immunofluorescence and luciferase assay were used to investigate the internal connection between KPNA2, c-myc and E2F1. Results In the present study, we found that KPNA2 was highly expressed in the glioma compared to the normal brain tissues. Level of KPNA2 was an independent predictor of prognosis in the glioma patients. Knockdown of KPNA2 in the glioblastoma cell lines U87 and U251 decreased deoxyglucose uptake, activities of the key glycolytic enzymes and lactate production. The level of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) was moderately decreased. Additioanlly, tumor proliferation and invasiveness were concomitantly downregulated. We have identified c-myc as a potential mediator of KPNA2. Aberrant expression of KPNA2 significantly changed the subcellular distribution of c-myc as well as its expression level. E2F1, another key cargo protein of KPNA2, was further identified to play a potential role in regulating the transcription of c-myc by KPNA2. Conclusions Our findings suggested that KPNA2, a potential tumor oncogene, performs its function in part via regulating cellular metabolism through c-myc signaling axis. It would provide a possible explanation for Warburg effect and thus offer a new perspective to the roles of KPNA2 in gliomagenesis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13046-018-0861-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Shandong University Cheeloo College of Medicine, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Zihao Liu
- Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Qian Xia
- Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zihao Zhang
- Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Taihong Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Guangyan Gu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Shandong University Cheeloo College of Medicine, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Yanan Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Shandong University Cheeloo College of Medicine, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Shandong University Cheeloo College of Medicine, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Xiuyang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Yihang Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Dong He
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Tao Xin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China. .,Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Nanchang, 330000, Jiangxi, China.
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Kotsantis P, Petermann E, Boulton SJ. Mechanisms of Oncogene-Induced Replication Stress: Jigsaw Falling into Place. Cancer Discov 2018; 8:537-555. [PMID: 29653955 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-17-1461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Oncogene activation disturbs cellular processes and accommodates a complex landscape of changes in the genome that contribute to genomic instability, which accelerates mutation rates and promotes tumorigenesis. Part of this cellular turmoil involves deregulation of physiologic DNA replication, widely described as replication stress. Oncogene-induced replication stress is an early driver of genomic instability and is attributed to a plethora of factors, most notably aberrant origin firing, replication-transcription collisions, reactive oxygen species, and defective nucleotide metabolism.Significance: Replication stress is a fundamental step and an early driver of tumorigenesis and has been associated with many activated oncogenes. Deciphering the mechanisms that contribute to the replication stress response may provide new avenues for targeted cancer treatment. In this review, we discuss the latest findings on the DNA replication stress response and examine the various mechanisms through which activated oncogenes induce replication stress. Cancer Discov; 8(5); 537-55. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eva Petermann
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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Kopanja D, Huang S, Al Raheed MRH, Guzman G, Raychaudhuri P. p19Arf inhibits aggressive progression of H-ras-driven hepatocellular carcinoma. Carcinogenesis 2018; 39:318-326. [PMID: 29228217 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgx140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Arf, a well-established tumor suppressor, is either mutated or downregulated in a wide array of cancers. However, its role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression is controversial. Conflicting observations have been published regarding its expression in HCC. In this study, we provide clear genetic evidence demonstrating a protective role of p19Arf in hepatocarcinogenesis. Using Ras-induced mouse model, we show that p19Arf deficiency accelerates progression of aggressive HCC in vivo. To investigate the role of p14ARF in human liver cancers, we analyzed its expression in human HCC using immunohistochemistry (IHC). We observe lack of nucleolar p14ARF in 43.02% of human HCC samples and that low expression of p14ARF strongly correlates with the early onset of HCC. Importantly, cirrhotic livers that did not progress to HCC harbor higher expression of the p14ARF protein in hepatocytes compared with that in cirrhotic livers with HCC. These results are significant because they suggest that nucleolar p14ARF can be used as early prognostic marker in chronic liver disease to reliably identify patients with high risk for developing liver cancer. Currently, there is no effective systemic therapy for advanced liver cancer; hence, more efficient patient screening and early detection of HCC would significantly contribute to the eradication of this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragana Kopanja
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (M/C 669), University of Illinois, College of Medicine, USA
| | - Shuo Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (M/C 669), University of Illinois, College of Medicine, USA
| | | | - Grace Guzman
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois, College of Medicine, USA
| | - Pradip Raychaudhuri
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (M/C 669), University of Illinois, College of Medicine, USA.,Department of Research, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, USA
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Maffeis V, Salmaso R, Cappellesso R, Azzena B, Cesaro S, Rugge M, Fassan M. Onycholemmal carcinoma: A case report with its molecular profiling. J Cutan Pathol 2018; 45:463-465. [PMID: 29479735 DOI: 10.1111/cup.13135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Maffeis
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), Surgical Pathology & Cytopathology Unit, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Roberto Salmaso
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), Surgical Pathology & Cytopathology Unit, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Rocco Cappellesso
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), Surgical Pathology & Cytopathology Unit, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Bruno Azzena
- Burn Unit and Plastic Surgery, University Hospital of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Sonia Cesaro
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), Surgical Pathology & Cytopathology Unit, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Massimo Rugge
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), Surgical Pathology & Cytopathology Unit, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Matteo Fassan
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), Surgical Pathology & Cytopathology Unit, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
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He JY, Han P, Zhang Y, Liu YD, Song SJ, Feng GK, An Y, Zhou AJ, Wang HB, Yuan L, Lin ZR, Xia TL, Li MZ, Liu YM, Huang XM, Zhang H, Zhong Q. Overexpression of Nogo receptor 3 (NgR3) correlates with poor prognosis and contributes to the migration of epithelial cells of nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients. J Mol Med (Berl) 2018; 96:265-279. [PMID: 29327067 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-017-1618-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Lymph node metastasis (N classification) is one of the most important prognostic factors of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), and nerve involvement is associated with the transition of the N category in NPC patients. Although the nervous system has been reported to participate in many types of cancer progression, its functions in NPC progression remains unknown. Through analysis of gene profiling data, we demonstrate an enrichment of genes associated with neuronal development and differentiation in NPC tissues and cell lines. Among these genes, Nogo receptor 3 (NgR3), which was originally identified in the nervous system and plays a role in nerve development and regeneration, was inappropriately overexpressed in NPC cells and tissues. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that the overexpression of NgR3 was correlated with poor prognosis in NPC patients. Overexpression of NgR3 promoted, and knocking down NgR3 inhibited, NPC cell migration and invasion in vitro and metastasis in vivo. The ability of NgR3 to promote cell migration was triggered by the downregulation of E-cadherin and enhanced cytoskeletal rearrangement and cell polarity, which were correlated with the activation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK). Collectively, NgR3 is a novel indicator of poor outcomes in NPC patients and plays an important role in driving the progression of NPC. These results suggest a potential link between the nervous system and NPC progression. KEY MESSAGES Genes involved in the neuronal biological process are enriched in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Overexpression of NgR3 correlates with poor prognosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. NgR3 promotes NPC cell migration by downregulating E-cadherin. NgR3 promotes NPC cell polarity and enhances the formation of NPC cell pseudopodia by activating FAK/Src pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang-Yi He
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China.,Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116000, China
| | - Ping Han
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Yong-Dong Liu
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 58 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Shi-Jian Song
- Guangdong Experimental High School, 51 Zhongshan 4th Road, Guangzhou, 510375, China
| | - Guo-Kai Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Yu An
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Ai-Jun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Hong-Bo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Li Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Zhi-Rui Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Tian-Liang Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Man-Zhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Yan-Min Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China. .,Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116000, China.
| | - Qian Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China. .,Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116000, China.
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Dimri M, Kang M, Dimri GP. A miR-200c/141-BMI1 autoregulatory loop regulates oncogenic activity of BMI1 in cancer cells. Oncotarget 2017; 7:36220-36234. [PMID: 27105531 PMCID: PMC5094995 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are known to function as oncomiRs or tumor suppressors and are important noncoding RNA regulators of oncogenesis. The miR-200c/141 locus on chromosome 12 encodes miR-200c and miR-141, two members of the miR-200 family, which have been shown to function as tumor suppressive miRNAs by targeting multiple oncogenic factors such as polycomb group protein BMI1. Here, we show that BMI1 reciprocally functions as a transcriptional repressor of the miR-200c/141 cluster and that BMI1 inhibitors upregulate expression of miR-200c and miR-141. Our data suggest that BMI1 binds to the miR-200c/141 promoter and regulates it through transcription factor binding motifs E-box 2 and Z-box 1 to repress expression of miR-200c/141 cluster. We also show that PTC-209, a small molecule inhibitor of BMI1 gene expression induces cellular senescence and transcriptionally upregulates expression of miR-200c/141 cluster in breast cancer cells. Furthermore, inhibition of expression of miR-200c or miR-141 overcomes tumor suppressive effects of PTC-209 including induction of cellular senescence and downregulation of breast cancer stem cell phenotype. Therefore, our studies suggest a reciprocal regulation between BMI1 and miR-200c/141 cluster, and that BMI1 inhibitory drugs can further amplify their inhibitory effects on BMI1 via multiple mechanisms including posttranscriptional regulation by upregulating BMI1 targeting miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjari Dimri
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Mingu Kang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Goberdhan P Dimri
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
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46
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Zhang X, Guo W, Wang X, Liu X, Huang M, Gan L, Cheng Y, Li J. Antitumor activity and inhibitory effects on cancer stem cell-like properties of Adeno-associated virus (AAV) -mediated Bmi-1 interference driven by Bmi-1 promoter for gastric cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 7:22733-45. [PMID: 27009837 PMCID: PMC5008396 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bmi-1 is aberrantly activated in various cancers and plays a vital role in maintaining the self-renewal of stem cells. Our previous research revealed that Bmi-1 was overexpressed in gastric cancer (GC) and it's overexpression was an independent negative prognostic factor, suggesting it can be a therapeutic target. The main purpose of this investigation was to explore the antitumor activity of Bmi-1 interference driven by its own promoter (Ad-Bmi-1i) for GC. In this study, we used adenoviral vector to deliver Bmi-1 shRNA driven by its own promoter to treat GC. Our results revealed that Ad-Bmi-1i could selectively silence Bmi-1 in GC cells which overexpress Bmi-1 and suppress the malignant phenotypes and stem-like properties of GC cells in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, direct injection of Ad-Bmi-1i into xenografts suppressed tumor growth and destroyed cancer cells in vivo. Ad-Bmi-1i inhibited the proliferation of GC cells mainly via inducing senescence in vitro, but it suppressed tumor through inducing senescence and apoptosis, and inhibiting angiogenesis in vivo. Bmi-1 knockdown by Ad-Bmi-1i downregulated VEGF via inhibiting AKT activity. These results suggest that Ad-Bmi-1i not only inhibits tumor growth and stem cell-like phenotype by inducing cellular senescence directly, but also has an indirect anti-tumor activity by anti-angiogenesis effects via regulating PTEN/AKT/VEGF pathway. Transfer of gene interference guided by its own promoter by an adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector might be a potent antitumor approach for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weijian Guo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaofeng Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyang Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingzhu Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Gan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yufan Cheng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Tianyou Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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47
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Seoane M, Costoya JA, Arce VM. Uncoupling Oncogene-Induced Senescence (OIS) and DNA Damage Response (DDR) triggered by DNA hyper-replication: lessons from primary mouse embryo astrocytes (MEA). Sci Rep 2017; 7:12991. [PMID: 29021613 PMCID: PMC5636792 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13408-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncogene-induced senescence (OIS) is a complex process, in which activation of oncogenic signals during early tumorigenesis results in a high degree of DNA replication stress. The ensuing response to the DNA damage produces a permanent G1 arrest that prevents unlimited cell proliferation and lessens the development of tumours. However, despite the role of OIS in the proliferative arrest resulting from an activating oncogenic-lesion has obtained wide support, there is also evidence indicating that cells may overcome oncogene-induced senescence under some circumstances. In this study, we have investigated the possibility that some of the assumptions on the role of DNA damage response (DDR) in triggering OIS may depend on the fact that most of the available data were obtained in mouse embryo fibroblast. By comparing the degree of OIS observed in mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEF) and mouse embryo astrocytes (MEA) obtained from the same individuals we have demonstrated that, despite truthful activation of DDR in both cell types, significant levels of OIS were only detected in MEF. Therefore, this uncoupling between OIS and DDR observed in astrocytes supports the intriguingly possibility that OIS is not a widespread response mechanism to DDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Seoane
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory MOL. Departamento de Fisioloxia, Facultade de Medicina and Centro de Investigación en Medicina Molecular e Enfermidades Crónicas (CiMUS). Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS). Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - José A Costoya
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory MOL. Departamento de Fisioloxia, Facultade de Medicina and Centro de Investigación en Medicina Molecular e Enfermidades Crónicas (CiMUS). Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS). Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Víctor M Arce
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory MOL. Departamento de Fisioloxia, Facultade de Medicina and Centro de Investigación en Medicina Molecular e Enfermidades Crónicas (CiMUS). Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS). Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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48
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Jin H, Xie Q, Guo X, Xu J, Wang A, Li J, Zhu J, Wu XR, Huang H, Huang C. p63α protein up-regulates heat shock protein 70 expression via E2F1 transcription factor 1, promoting Wasf3/Wave3/MMP9 signaling and bladder cancer invasion. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:15952-15963. [PMID: 28794159 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.792010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BC) is the sixth most common cancer in the United States and is the number one cause of death among patients with urinary system malignancies. This makes the identification of invasive regulator(s)/effector(s) as the potential therapeutic targets for managing BC a high priority. p63 is a member of the p53 family of tumor suppressor genes/proteins, plays a role in the differentiation of epithelial tissues, and is believed to function as a tumor suppressor. However, it remains unclear whether and how p63 functions in BC cell invasion after tumorigenesis. Here, we show that p63α protein levels were much higher in mouse high-invasive BC tissues than in normal tissues. Our results also revealed that p63α is crucial for heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) expression and subsequently increases the ability of BC invasion. Mechanistic experiments demonstrated that p63α can transcriptionally up-regulate Hsp70 expression, thereby promoting BC cell invasion via the Hsp70/Wasf3/Wave3/MMP-9 axis. We further show that E2F transcription factor 1 (E2F1) mediates p63α overexpression-induced Hsp70 transcription. We also found that p63α overexpression activates E2F1 transcription, which appears to be stimulated by p63α together with E2F1. Collectively, our results demonstrate that p63α is a positive regulator of BC cell invasion after tumorigenesis, providing significant insights into the biological function of p63α in BC and supporting the notion that p63α might be a potential target for invasive BC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglei Jin
- From the Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, New York 10987.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology & Application of Model Organisms, School of Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China, and
| | - Qipeng Xie
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology & Application of Model Organisms, School of Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China, and
| | - Xirui Guo
- From the Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, New York 10987
| | - Jiheng Xu
- From the Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, New York 10987
| | - Annette Wang
- From the Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, New York 10987
| | - Jingxia Li
- From the Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, New York 10987
| | - Junlan Zhu
- From the Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, New York 10987
| | - Xue-Ru Wu
- Departments of Urology and Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016 and the Veterans Affairs New York Harbor Healthcare System in Manhattan, New York, New York 10010
| | - Haishan Huang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology & Application of Model Organisms, School of Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China, and
| | - Chuanshu Huang
- From the Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, New York 10987,
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49
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Yu DM, Jung SH, An HT, Lee S, Hong J, Park JS, Lee H, Lee H, Bahn MS, Lee HC, Han NK, Ko J, Lee JS, Ko YG. Caveolin-1 deficiency induces premature senescence with mitochondrial dysfunction. Aging Cell 2017; 16:773-784. [PMID: 28514055 PMCID: PMC5506423 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Paradoxical observations have been made regarding the role of caveolin-1 (Cav-1) during cellular senescence. For example, caveolin-1 deficiency prevents reactive oxygen species-induced cellular senescence despite mitochondrial dysfunction, which leads to senescence. To resolve this paradox, we re-addressed the role of caveolin-1 in cellular senescence in human diploid fibroblasts, A549, HCT116, and Cav-1-/- mouse embryonic fibroblasts. Cav-1 deficiency (knockout or knockdown) induced cellular senescence via a p53-p21-dependent pathway, downregulating the expression level of the cardiolipin biosynthesis enzymes and then reducing the content of cardiolipin, a critical lipid for mitochondrial respiration. Our results showed that Cav-1 deficiency decreased mitochondrial respiration, reduced the activity of oxidative phosphorylation complex I (CI), inactivated SIRT1, and decreased the NAD+ /NADH ratio. From these results, we concluded that Cav-1 deficiency induces premature senescence via mitochondrial dysfunction and silent information regulator 2 homologue 1 (SIRT1) inactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Min Yu
- Tunneling Nanotube Research Center; Korea University; Seoul 02841 Korea
- Division of Life Sciences; Korea University; Seoul 02841 Korea
| | - Seung Hee Jung
- Department of Molecular Medicine; Inha University College of Medicine; Incheon 22212 Korea
- Hypoxia-related Disease Research Center; Inha University College of Medicine; Incheon 22212 Korea
| | - Hyoung-Tae An
- Tunneling Nanotube Research Center; Korea University; Seoul 02841 Korea
- Division of Life Sciences; Korea University; Seoul 02841 Korea
| | - Sungsoo Lee
- Tunneling Nanotube Research Center; Korea University; Seoul 02841 Korea
- Division of Life Sciences; Korea University; Seoul 02841 Korea
| | - Jin Hong
- Tunneling Nanotube Research Center; Korea University; Seoul 02841 Korea
- Division of Life Sciences; Korea University; Seoul 02841 Korea
| | - Jun Sub Park
- Tunneling Nanotube Research Center; Korea University; Seoul 02841 Korea
- Division of Life Sciences; Korea University; Seoul 02841 Korea
| | - Hyun Lee
- Tunneling Nanotube Research Center; Korea University; Seoul 02841 Korea
- Division of Life Sciences; Korea University; Seoul 02841 Korea
| | - Hwayeon Lee
- Tunneling Nanotube Research Center; Korea University; Seoul 02841 Korea
- Division of Life Sciences; Korea University; Seoul 02841 Korea
| | - Myeong-Suk Bahn
- Tunneling Nanotube Research Center; Korea University; Seoul 02841 Korea
- Division of Life Sciences; Korea University; Seoul 02841 Korea
| | - Hyung Chul Lee
- Department of Molecular Medicine; Inha University College of Medicine; Incheon 22212 Korea
- Hypoxia-related Disease Research Center; Inha University College of Medicine; Incheon 22212 Korea
| | - Na-Kyung Han
- Department of Molecular Medicine; Inha University College of Medicine; Incheon 22212 Korea
- Hypoxia-related Disease Research Center; Inha University College of Medicine; Incheon 22212 Korea
| | - Jesang Ko
- Tunneling Nanotube Research Center; Korea University; Seoul 02841 Korea
- Division of Life Sciences; Korea University; Seoul 02841 Korea
| | - Jae-Seon Lee
- Department of Molecular Medicine; Inha University College of Medicine; Incheon 22212 Korea
- Hypoxia-related Disease Research Center; Inha University College of Medicine; Incheon 22212 Korea
| | - Young-Gyu Ko
- Tunneling Nanotube Research Center; Korea University; Seoul 02841 Korea
- Division of Life Sciences; Korea University; Seoul 02841 Korea
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50
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Subash-Babu P, Alshammari GM, Ignacimuthu S, Alshatwi AA. Epoxy clerodane diterpene inhibits MCF-7 human breast cancer cell growth by regulating the expression of the functional apoptotic genes Cdkn2A, Rb1, mdm2 and p53. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 87:388-396. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.12.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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