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Canalis E, Schilling L, Yu J, Denker E. NOTCH2 promotes osteoclast maturation and metabolism and modulates the transcriptome profile during osteoclastogenesis. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:105613. [PMID: 38159855 PMCID: PMC10837628 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Notch signaling plays a key regulatory role in bone remodeling and NOTCH2 enhances osteoclastogenesis, an effect that is mostly mediated by its target gene Hes1. In the present study, we explored mechanisms responsible for the enhanced osteoclastogenesis in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMM) from Notch2tm1.1Ecan, harboring a NOTCH2 gain-of-function mutation, and control mice. Notch2tm1.1Ecan mice are osteopenic and have enhanced osteoclastogenesis. Bulk RNA-Seq and gene set enrichment analysis of Notch2tm1.1Ecan BMMs cultured in the presence of macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) and receptor activator of NF-κB ligand revealed enrichment of genes associated with enhanced cell metabolism, aerobic respiration, and mitochondrial function, all associated with osteoclastogenesis. These pathways were not enhanced in the context of a Hes1 inactivation. Analysis of single cell RNA-Seq data of pooled control and Notch2tm1.1Ecan BMMs treated with M-CSF or M-CSF and receptor activator of NF-κB ligand for 3 days identified 11 well-defined cellular clusters. Pseudotime trajectory analysis indicated a trajectory of clusters expressing genes associated with osteoclast progenitors, osteoclast precursors, and mature cells. There were an increased number of cells expressing gene markers associated with the osteoclast and with an unknown, albeit related, cluster in Notch2tm1.1Ecan than in control BMMs as well as enhanced expression of genes associated with osteoclast progenitors and precursors in Notch2tm1.1Ecan cells. In conclusion, BMM cultures display cellular heterogeneity, and NOTCH2 enhances osteoclastogenesis, increases mitochondrial and metabolic activity of osteoclasts, and affects cell cluster allocation in BMMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Canalis
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA; Department of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA; UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA.
| | - Lauren Schilling
- UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jungeun Yu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA; UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Emily Denker
- UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
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2
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Canalis E, Yu J, Singh V, Mocarska M, Schilling L. NOTCH2 sensitizes the chondrocyte to the inflammatory response of tumor necrosis factor α. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105372. [PMID: 37865314 PMCID: PMC10692730 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Notch regulates the immune and inflammatory response and has been associated with the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis in humans and preclinical models of the disease. Notch2tm1.1Ecan mice harbor a NOTCH2 gain-of-function and are sensitized to osteoarthritis, but the mechanisms have not been explored. We examined the effects of tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) in chondrocytes from Notch2tm1.1Ecan mice and found that NOTCH2 enhanced the effect of TNFα on Il6 and Il1b expression. Similar results were obtained in cells from a conditional model of NOTCH2 gain-of-function, Notch22.1Ecan mice, and following the expression of the NOTCH2 intracellular domain in vitro. Recombination signal-binding protein for immunoglobulin Kappa J region partners with the NOTCH2 intracellular domain to activate transcription; in the absence of Notch signaling it inhibits transcription, and Rbpj inactivation in chondrocytes resulted in Il6 induction. Although TNFα induced IL6 to a greater extent in the context of NOTCH2 activation, there was a concomitant inhibition of Notch target genes Hes1, Hey1, Hey2, and Heyl. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay demonstrated displacement of recombination signal-binding protein for immunoglobulin Kappa J region from DNA binding sites by TNFα explaining the increased Il6 expression and the concomitant decrease in Notch target genes. NOTCH2 enhanced the effect of TNFα on NF-κB signaling, and RNA-Seq revealed increased expression of pathways associated with inflammation and the phagosome in NOTCH2 overexpressing cells in the absence and presence of TNFα. Collectively, NOTCH2 has important interactions with TNFα resulting in the enhanced expression of Il6 and inflammatory pathways in chondrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Canalis
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA; Department of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA; UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA.
| | - Jungeun Yu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA; UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Vijender Singh
- Computational Biology Core, Institute for System Genomics, UConn, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Magda Mocarska
- UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Lauren Schilling
- UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
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3
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Involvement of the Notch signaling system in alveolar bone resorption. JAPANESE DENTAL SCIENCE REVIEW 2023; 59:38-47. [PMID: 36880060 PMCID: PMC9985033 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2023.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The Notch pathway is an evolutionarily preserved signaling pathway involved in a variety of vital cell functions. Additionally, it is one of the key regulators of inflammation, and controls the differentiation and function of different cells. Moreover, it was found to be involved in skeletal development and bone remodeling process. This review provides an overview of the involvement of the Notch signaling pathway in the pathogenesis of alveolar bone resorption in different forms of pathological conditions such as apical periodontitis, periodontal disease, and peri-implantitis. In vitro and in vivo evidence have confirmed the involvement of Notch signaling in alveolar bone homeostasis. Nonetheless, Notch signaling system, along with complex network of different biomolecules are involved in pathological process of bone resorption in apical periodontitis, periodontitis, and peri-implantitis. In this regard, there is a substantial interest to control the activity of this pathway in the treatment of disorders associated with its dysregulation. This review provides knowledge on Notch signaling and outlines its functions in alveolar bone homeostasis and alveolar bone resorption. Further investigations are needed to determine whether inhibition of the Notch signaling pathways might be beneficial and safe as a novel approach in the treatment of these pathological conditions.
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Brisset M, Mehlen P, Meurette O, Hollande F. Notch receptor/ligand diversity: contribution to colorectal cancer stem cell heterogeneity. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1231416. [PMID: 37860822 PMCID: PMC10582728 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1231416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cell heterogeneity is a key contributor to therapeutic failure and post-treatment recurrence. Targeting cell subpopulations responsible for chemoresistance and recurrence seems to be an attractive approach to improve treatment outcome in cancer patients. However, this remains challenging due to the complexity and incomplete characterization of tumor cell subpopulations. The heterogeneity of cells exhibiting stemness-related features, such as self-renewal and chemoresistance, fuels this complexity. Notch signaling is a known regulator of cancer stem cell (CSC) features in colorectal cancer (CRC), though the effects of its heterogenous signaling on CRC cell stemness are only just emerging. In this review, we discuss how Notch ligand-receptor specificity contributes to regulating stemness, self-renewal, chemoresistance and cancer stem cells heterogeneity in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Brisset
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Cancer Research, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Cancer Cell Death Laboratory, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS UMR5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Patrick Mehlen
- Cancer Cell Death Laboratory, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS UMR5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Olivier Meurette
- Cancer Cell Death Laboratory, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS UMR5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Frédéric Hollande
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Cancer Research, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Urizar AI, Prause M, Ingerslev LR, Wortham M, Sui Y, Sander M, Williams K, Barrès R, Larsen MR, Christensen GL, Billestrup N. Beta cell dysfunction induced by bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2 is associated with histone modifications and decreased NeuroD1 chromatin binding. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:399. [PMID: 37407581 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05906-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Insufficient insulin secretion is a hallmark of type 2 diabetes and has been attributed to beta cell identity loss characterized by decreased expression of several key beta cell genes. The pro-inflammatory factor BMP-2 is upregulated in islets of Langerhans from individuals with diabetes and acts as an inhibitor of beta cell function and proliferation. Exposure to BMP-2 induces expression of Id1-4, Hes-1, and Hey-1 which are transcriptional regulators associated with loss of differentiation. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism by which BMP-2 induces beta cell dysfunction and loss of cell maturity. Mouse islets exposed to BMP-2 for 10 days showed impaired glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and beta cell proliferation. BMP-2-induced beta cell dysfunction was associated with decreased expression of cell maturity and proliferation markers specific to the beta cell such as Ins1, Ucn3, and Ki67 and increased expression of Id1-4, Hes-1, and Hey-1. The top 30 most regulated proteins significantly correlated with corresponding mRNA expression. BMP-2-induced gene expression changes were associated with a predominant reduction in acetylation of H3K27 and a decrease in NeuroD1 chromatin binding activity. These results show that BMP-2 induces loss of beta cell maturity and suggest that remodeling of H3K27ac and decreased NeuroD1 DNA binding activity participate in the effect of BMP-2 on beta cell dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michala Prause
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars Roed Ingerslev
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Matthew Wortham
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Pediatric Diabetes Research Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Yinghui Sui
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Pediatric Diabetes Research Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Maike Sander
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Pediatric Diabetes Research Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Kristine Williams
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Romain Barrès
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS and Université de Nice Côte d'Azur, Valbonne, France
| | - Martin R Larsen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | | | - Nils Billestrup
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Kidwai FK, Canalis E, Robey PG. Induced pluripotent stem cell technology in bone biology. Bone 2023; 172:116760. [PMID: 37028583 PMCID: PMC10228209 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2023.116760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
Technologies on the development and differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) are rapidly improving, and have been applied to create cell types relevant to the bone field. Differentiation protocols to form bona fide bone-forming cells from iPSCs are available, and can be used to probe details of differentiation and function in depth. When applied to iPSCs bearing disease-causing mutations, the pathogenetic mechanisms of diseases of the skeleton can be elucidated, along with the development of novel therapeutics. These cells can also be used for development of cell therapies for cell and tissue replacement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahad K Kidwai
- Skeletal Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States of America
| | - Ernesto Canalis
- Center for Skeletal Research, Orthopedic Surgery and Medicine, UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030-4037, United States of America
| | - Pamela G Robey
- Skeletal Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States of America.
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7
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Xiao SQ, Cheng M, Wang L, Cao J, Fang L, Zhou XP, He XJ, Hu YF. The role of apoptosis in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis. INTERNATIONAL ORTHOPAEDICS 2023:10.1007/s00264-023-05847-1. [PMID: 37294429 DOI: 10.1007/s00264-023-05847-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Apoptosis is an important physiological process, making a great difference to development and tissue homeostasis. Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic joint disease characterized by degeneration and destruction of articular cartilage and bone hyperplasia. This purpose of this study is to provide an updated review of the role of apoptosis in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis. METHODS A comprehensive review of the literature on osteoarthritis and apoptosis was performed, which mainly focused on the regulatory factors and signaling pathways associated with chondrocyte apoptosis in osteoarthritis and other pathogenic mechanisms involved in chondrocyte apoptosis. RESULTS Inflammatory mediators such as reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO), IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and Fas are closely related to chondrocyte apoptosis. NF-κB signaling pathway, Wnt signaling pathway, and Notch signaling pathway activate proteins and gene targets that promote or inhibit the progression of osteoarthritis disease, including chondrocyte apoptosis and ECM degradation. Long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) and microRNAs (microRNAs) have gradually replaced single and localized research methods and become the main research approaches. In addition, the relationship between cellular senescence, autophagy, and apoptosis was also briefly explained. CONCLUSION This review offers a better molecular delineation of apoptotic processes that may help in designing new therapeutic options for OA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Qi Xiao
- Department of Rheumatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China
- Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Miao Cheng
- Department of Rheumatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China
- Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Jing Cao
- Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Liang Fang
- Department of Rheumatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China
- Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Xue-Ping Zhou
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xiao-Jin He
- Department of Rheumatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China.
- Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China.
| | - Yu-Feng Hu
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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8
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Combs LR, Combs J, McKenna R, Toth Z. Protein Degradation by Gammaherpesvirus RTAs: More Than Just Viral Transactivators. Viruses 2023; 15:730. [PMID: 36992439 PMCID: PMC10055789 DOI: 10.3390/v15030730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is a member of the Gammaherpesvirus subfamily that encodes several viral proteins with intrinsic E3 ubiquitin ligase activity or the ability to hijack host E3 ubiquitin ligases to modulate the host's immune response and to support the viral life cycle. This review focuses specifically on how the immediate-early KSHV protein RTA (replication and transcription activator) hijacks the host's ubiquitin-proteasome pathway (UPP) to target cellular and viral factors for protein degradation to allow for robust lytic reactivation. Notably, RTA's targets are either potent transcription repressors or they are activators of the innate and adaptive immune response, which block the lytic cycle of the virus. This review mainly focuses on what is currently known about the role of the E3 ubiquitin ligase activity of KSHV RTA in the regulation of the KSHV life cycle, but we will also discuss the potential role of other gammaherpesviral RTA homologs in UPP-mediated protein degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren R. Combs
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida College of Dentistry, 1395 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Jacob Combs
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine, 1200 Newell Drive, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Robert McKenna
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine, 1200 Newell Drive, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Zsolt Toth
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida College of Dentistry, 1395 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- UF Genetics Institute, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- UF Health Cancer Center, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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Homodimeric and Heterodimeric Interactions among Vertebrate Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312855. [PMID: 34884664 PMCID: PMC8657788 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The basic helix–loop–helix transcription factor (bHLH TF) family is involved in tissue development, cell differentiation, and disease. These factors have transcriptionally positive, negative, and inactive functions by combining dimeric interactions among family members. The best known bHLH TFs are the E-protein homodimers and heterodimers with the tissue-specific TFs or ID proteins. These cooperative and dynamic interactions result in a complex transcriptional network that helps define the cell’s fate. Here, the reported dimeric interactions of 67 vertebrate bHLH TFs with other family members are summarized in tables, including specifications of the experimental techniques that defined the dimers. The compilation of these extensive data underscores homodimers of tissue-specific bHLH TFs as a central part of the bHLH regulatory network, with relevant positive and negative transcriptional regulatory roles. Furthermore, some sequence-specific TFs can also form transcriptionally inactive heterodimers with each other. The function, classification, and developmental role for all vertebrate bHLH TFs in four major classes are detailed.
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Qiu K, Ma C, Lu L, Wang J, Chen B, Mao H, Wang Y, Wang H. DAPT suppresses proliferation and migration of hepatocellular carcinoma by regulating the extracellular matrix and inhibiting the Hes1/PTEN/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. J Gastrointest Oncol 2021; 12:1101-1116. [PMID: 34295560 DOI: 10.21037/jgo-21-235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of the present study was to investigate the antitumor properties of N-(N-[3,5-difluorophenacetyl]-1-alanyl)-S-phenylglycine t-butyl ester (DAPT) against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), as well as the underlying mechanism. Methods Immunohistochemistry and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assay were used to determine the expression of Notch1 in HCC tissues. The expression of Notch1 in 3 HCC cell lines was evaluated by qRT-PCR and Western blot. The proliferation ability of cells was detected by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide and colony formation assays. Flow cytometry and Transwell assay were used to check the apoptosis and migration of HepG2 cells, respectively. Western blot was used to determine the expression level of Notch1, Hes1, Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), protein kinase B1 (AKT1), phosphorylated AKT1, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), phosphorylated mTOR, intracellular adhesion molecule-1, vascular cell adhesion protein 1, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-9, and focal adhesion kinase in cells and tumor tissues. A HepG2 xenograft experiment was conducted to evaluate the in vivo antitumor properties of DAPT. Results Notch1 was found to be significantly upregulated in both HCC tissues and cell lines. DAPT significantly inhibited the proliferation and migration of HepG2 cells in a dose-dependent manner, accompanied by the suppression of Notch1/Hes1 signaling, inactivation of AKT/mTOR signaling, downregulation of MMPs, and decreased expression of adhesion molecules. The activation of Notch1/Hes1 or AKT/mTOR signaling removed the inhibitory effect of DAPT on the proliferation and migration of HepG2 cells, as well as the inhibitory properties of DAPT on the expression of MMPs and adhesion molecules. The antitumor properties and regulatory effect of DAPT against the extracellular matrix (ECM) and Hes1/PTEN/AKT/mTOR signaling were verified by the HepG2 xenograft experiments. Conclusions DAPT could suppress the proliferation and migration of HCC by regulating the ECM and inhibiting the Hes1/PTEN/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaijie Qiu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Chenyang Ma
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Lingchao Lu
- Department of Common Surgery, Yuyao Fourth People's Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Baiwen Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Haixiang Mao
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Yanmin Wang
- Department of operation room, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Haibiao Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo, China
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11
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Yang C, Huang S, Zeng Y, Liu C, Ma Q, Pruneda-Paz J, Kay SA, Li L. Two bHLH transcription factors, bHLH48 and bHLH60, associate with phytochrome interacting factor 7 to regulate hypocotyl elongation in Arabidopsis. Cell Rep 2021; 35:109054. [PMID: 33951433 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTOR 7 (PIF7) is a central regulator that promotes stem growth by activating growth-related gene expression during shade-avoidance responses. Studying the co-factors of PIF7 can facilitate understanding of the mechanism of PIFs and light signal transduction. Here, we describe the identification of two bHLH transcription factors, bHLH48 and bHLH60 (bHLH48/bHLH60), as essential partners for PIF7-dependent modulation of hypocotyl elongation and function downstream of phytochrome B. These two bHLH factors display DNA binding activity and interact with PIF7. Genetic analysis indicated that bHLH48/bHLH60 and PIF7 are interdependent in promoting hypocotyl elongation. Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) analysis identified the substantially overlapping downstream targets of bHLH60 and PIF7. Biochemical analysis revealed that bHLH48/bHLH60 enhance the DNA binding ability of PIF7. These results provide evidence that bHLH48/bHLH60 act as positive partners of PIF7 for mutual benefit in the regulation of hypocotyl elongation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanwei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, People's Republic of China
| | - Sha Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinyi Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, People's Republic of China
| | - Jose Pruneda-Paz
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Steve A Kay
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90098, USA
| | - Lin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, People's Republic of China.
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Abstract
Notch (Notch1 through 4) are transmembrane receptors that determine cell differentiation and function, and are activated following interactions with ligands of the Jagged and Delta-like families. Notch has been established as a signaling pathway that plays a critical role in the differentiation and function of cells of the osteoblast and osteoclast lineages as well as in skeletal development and bone remodeling. Pathogenic variants of Notch receptors and their ligands are associated with a variety of genetic disorders presenting with significant craniofacial and skeletal manifestations. Lateral Meningocele Syndrome (LMS) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by neurological manifestations, meningoceles, skeletal developmental abnormalities and bone loss. LMS is associated with NOTCH3 gain-of-function pathogenic variants. Experimental mouse models of LMS revealed that the bone loss is secondary to increased osteoclastogenesis due to enhanced expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand by cells of the osteoblast lineage. There are no effective therapies for LMS. Antisense oligonucleotides targeting Notch3 and antibodies that prevent the activation of NOTCH3 are being tested in preclinical models of the disease. In conclusion, LMS is a serious genetic disorder associated with NOTCH3 pathogenic variants. Novel experimental models have offered insight on mechanisms responsible and ways to correct the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Canalis
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Medicine, UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, United States
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13
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Bharadwaz A, Jayasuriya AC. Osteogenic differentiation cues of the bone morphogenetic protein-9 (BMP-9) and its recent advances in bone tissue regeneration. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 120:111748. [PMID: 33545890 PMCID: PMC7867678 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bone regeneration using bioactive molecules and biocompatible materials is growing steadily with the advent of the new findings in cellular signaling. Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP)-9 is a considerably recent discovery from the BMP family that delivers numerous benefits in osteogenesis. The Smad cellular signaling pathway triggered by BMPs is often inhibited by Noggin. However, BMP-9 is resistant to Noggin, thus, facilitating a more robust cellular differentiation of osteoprogenitor cells into preosteoblasts and osteoblasts. This review encompasses a general understanding of the Smad signaling pathway activated by the BMP-9 ligand molecule with its specific receptors. The robust osteogenic cellular differentiation cue provided by BMP-9 has been reviewed from a bone regeneration perspective with several in vitro as well as in vivo studies reporting promising results for future research. The effect of the biomaterial, chosen in such studies as the scaffold or carrier matrix, on the activity of BMP-9 and subsequent bone regeneration has been highlighted in this review. The non-viral delivery technique for BMP-9 induced bone regeneration is a safer alternative to its viral counterpart. The recent advances in non-viral BMP-9 delivery have also highlighted the efficacy of the protein molecule at a low dosage. This opens a new horizon as a more efficient and safer alternative to BMP-2, which was prevalent among clinical trials; however, BMP-2 applications have reported its downsides during bone defect healing such as cystic bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angshuman Bharadwaz
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Ambalangodage C Jayasuriya
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA.
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14
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Fukusumi T, Guo TW, Ren S, Haft S, Liu C, Sakai A, Ando M, Saito Y, Sadat S, Califano JA. Reciprocal activation of HEY1 and NOTCH4 under SOX2 control promotes EMT in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Oncol 2020; 58:226-237. [PMID: 33491747 PMCID: PMC7864008 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2020.5156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Several comprehensive studies have demonstrated that the NOTCH pathway is altered in a bimodal manner in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). In a previous study, it was found that the NOTCH4/HEY1 pathway was specifically upregulated in HNSCC and promoted epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and that HEY1 activation supported SOX2 expression. However, the interactions in this pathway have not yet been fully elucidated. The present study investigated the NOTCH4/HEY1/SOX2 axis in HNSCC using in vitro models and the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. To explore the association, reporter and ChIP RT-qPCR assays using SOX2-overexpressing (SOX2-OE) cells were performed. The association between NOTCH4 and HEY1 was examined in the same manner using HEY1-overexpressing (HEY1-OE) cells. The results of the in vitro experiments indicated that HEY1 promoted EMT in the HNSCC cells. Furthermore, the overexpression of HEY1 also promoted sphere formation and increased murine xenograft tumorigenicity. Reporter assays and ChIP RT-qPCR experiments indicated that SOX2 regulated HEY1 expression via direct binding of the HEY1 promoter. HEY1 expression significantly correlated with SOX2 expression in primary lung SCC and other SCCs using the TCGA database. HEY1 also regulated NOTCH4 expression to create a positive reciprocal feedback loop. On the whole, the present study demonstrates that HEY1 expression in HNSCC is regulated via the promotion of SOX2 and promotes EMT. The NOTCH4/HEY1 pathway is specifically upregulated via a positive reciprocal feedback loop mediated by the HEY1-medaited regulation of NOTCH4 transcription, and SOX2 correlates with HEY1 expression in SCC from other primary sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahito Fukusumi
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Theresa W Guo
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Shuling Ren
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Sunny Haft
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Chao Liu
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Akihiro Sakai
- Department of Otolaryngology‑Head and Neck Surgery, Tokai University, School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa 259‑1193, Japan
| | - Mizuo Ando
- Department of Otolaryngology‑Head and Neck Surgery, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113‑8655, Japan
| | - Yuki Saito
- Department of Otolaryngology‑Head and Neck Surgery, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113‑8655, Japan
| | - Sayed Sadat
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Joseph A Califano
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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15
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Yu J, Canalis E. Notch and the regulation of osteoclast differentiation and function. Bone 2020; 138:115474. [PMID: 32526405 PMCID: PMC7423683 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Notch 1 through 4 are transmembrane receptors that play a pivotal role in cell differentiation and function; this review addresses the role of Notch signaling in osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption. Notch receptors are activated following interactions with their ligands of the Jagged and Delta-like families. In the skeleton, Notch signaling controls osteoclast differentiation and bone-resorbing activity either directly acting on osteoclast precursors, or indirectly acting on cells of the osteoblast lineage and cells of the immune system. NOTCH1 inhibits osteoclastogenesis, whereas NOTCH2 enhances osteoclast differentiation and function by direct and indirect mechanisms. NOTCH3 induces the expression of RANKL in osteoblasts and osteocytes and as a result induces osteoclast differentiation. There is limited expression of NOTCH4 in skeletal cells. Selected congenital disorders and skeletal malignancies are associated with dysregulated Notch signaling and enhanced bone resorption. In conclusion, Notch signaling is a critical pathway that controls osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation and function and regulates skeletal homeostasis in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungeun Yu
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, Farmington, CT 06030, USA; UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Ernesto Canalis
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, Farmington, CT 06030, USA; Medicine, UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, Farmington, CT 06030, USA; UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.
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16
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Xie J, Lin LS, Huang XY, Gan RH, Ding LC, Su BH, Zhao Y, Lu YG, Zheng DL. The NOTCH1-HEY1 pathway regulates self-renewal and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma cells. Int J Biol Sci 2020; 16:598-610. [PMID: 32025208 PMCID: PMC6990919 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.36407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous study demonstrated a close relationship between the NOTCH signaling pathway and salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma (SACC). Its receptor gene, NOTCH1, and its downstream gene, HES1, contribute to the proliferation, invasion and metastasis of SACC. Accumulating evidence supports HEY1 as another effector of the signaling pathway. The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of the NOTCH1-HEY1 pathway on the proliferation, invasion and metastasis of SACC cells. Our results verified that HEY1 is a specific molecular target of the NOTCH signaling pathway in SACC cells and that its expression in carcinoma is much higher than that in paracarcinoma tissues. The expression of NOTCH1 and HEY1 are positively correlated in the salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma tissues. NOTCH1 is significantly related to the activation of HEY1 in SACC, and that HEY1 reciprocally regulates NOTCH1 expression in SACC. HEY1 promotes cell proliferation and spheroid formation and inhibits cell apoptosis in vitro. In addition, HEY1 enhances the tumorigenicity of SACC in vivo. Furthermore, HEY1 increases cell invasion and metastasis by driving the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related genes and MMPs. The results of this study indicate that the NOTCH1-HEY1 pathway is specifically upregulated in SACC and promotes cell proliferation, self-renewal, invasion, metastasis and the expression of EMT-related genes and MMPs. Our findings suggest that a NOTCH1-HEY1 pathway inhibitor might therefore have potential therapeutic applications in treating SACC patients by inhibiting cancer cell growth and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xie
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, 246 Yang Qiao Middle Road, Fuzhou 350000, China.,Key laboratory of Stomatology of Fujian Province, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, 88 Jiaotong Rd, Fuzhou 350004, China.,Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, 1 Xue Yuan Road, University Town, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Li-Song Lin
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated First Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 20 Cha Zhong Road, Fuzhou 350005, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Huang
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, 246 Yang Qiao Middle Road, Fuzhou 350000, China.,Key laboratory of Stomatology of Fujian Province, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, 88 Jiaotong Rd, Fuzhou 350004, China.,Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, 1 Xue Yuan Road, University Town, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Rui-Huan Gan
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, 246 Yang Qiao Middle Road, Fuzhou 350000, China.,Key laboratory of Stomatology of Fujian Province, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, 88 Jiaotong Rd, Fuzhou 350004, China
| | - Lin-Can Ding
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, 246 Yang Qiao Middle Road, Fuzhou 350000, China
| | - Bo-Hua Su
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, 246 Yang Qiao Middle Road, Fuzhou 350000, China
| | - Yong Zhao
- Key laboratory of Stomatology of Fujian Province, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, 88 Jiaotong Rd, Fuzhou 350004, China.,Department of pathology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, 246 Yang Qiao Middle Road, Fuzhou 350000, China
| | - You-Guang Lu
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, 246 Yang Qiao Middle Road, Fuzhou 350000, China.,Key laboratory of Stomatology of Fujian Province, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, 88 Jiaotong Rd, Fuzhou 350004, China
| | - Da-Li Zheng
- Key laboratory of Stomatology of Fujian Province, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, 88 Jiaotong Rd, Fuzhou 350004, China
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17
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Weber S, Koschade SE, Hoffmann CM, Dubash TD, Giessler KM, Dieter SM, Herbst F, Glimm H, Ball CR. The notch target gene HEYL modulates metastasis forming capacity of colorectal cancer patient-derived spheroid cells in vivo. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:1181. [PMID: 31796022 PMCID: PMC6892194 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-6396-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While colorectal cancer (CRC) patients with localized disease have a favorable prognosis, the five-year-survival rate in patients with distant spread is still below 15%. Hence, a detailed understanding of the mechanisms regulating metastasis formation is essential to develop therapeutic strategies targeting metastasized CRC. The notch pathway has been shown to be involved in the metastatic spread of various tumor entities; however, the impact of its target gene HEYL remains unclear so far. METHODS In this study, we functionally assessed the association between high HEYL expression and metastasis formation in human CRC. Therefore, we lentivirally overexpressed HEYL in two human patient-derived CRC cultures differing in their spontaneous metastasizing capacity and analyzed metastasis formation as well as tumor cell dissemination into the bone marrow after xenotransplantation into NOD.Cg-Prkdcscid Il2rgtm1Wjl/SzJ (NSG) mice. RESULTS HEYL overexpression decreased tumor cell dissemination and the absolute numbers of formed metastases in a sub-renal capsular spontaneous metastasis formation model, addressing all steps of the metastatic cascade. In contrast, metastatic capacity was not decreased following intrasplenic xenotransplantation where the cells are placed directly into the blood circulation. CONCLUSION These results suggest that HEYL negatively regulates metastasis formation in vivo presumably by inhibiting intravasation of metastasis-initiating cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Weber
- Translational Functional Cancer Genomics, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sebastian E Koschade
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Christopher M Hoffmann
- Translational Functional Cancer Genomics, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Taronish D Dubash
- Translational Functional Cancer Genomics, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Klara M Giessler
- Translational Functional Cancer Genomics, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian M Dieter
- Translational Functional Cancer Genomics, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Translational Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Dresden, Germany
| | - Friederike Herbst
- Translational Functional Cancer Genomics, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Translational Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Dresden, Germany
| | - Hanno Glimm
- Translational Functional Cancer Genomics, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Translational Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Dresden, Germany.,Center for Personalized Oncology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden at TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Claudia R Ball
- Translational Functional Cancer Genomics, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany. .,Department of Translational Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Dresden, Germany. .,Center for Personalized Oncology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden at TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
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18
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Yu J, Canalis E. The Hajdu Cheney mutation sensitizes mice to the osteolytic actions of tumor necrosis factor α. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:14203-14214. [PMID: 31371452 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.009824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Hajdu Cheney syndrome (HCS) is characterized by craniofacial developmental abnormalities, acro-osteolysis, and osteoporosis and is associated with gain-of-NOTCH2 function mutations. A mouse model of HCS termed Notch2tm1.1Ecan harboring a mutation in exon 34 of Notch2 replicating the one found in HCS was used to determine whether the HCS mutation sensitizes the skeleton to the osteolytic effects of tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα). TNFα injected over the calvarial vault caused a greater increase in osteoclast number, osteoclast surface, and eroded surface in Notch2tm1.1Ecan mice compared with littermate WT controls. Accordingly, the effect of TNFα on osteoclastogenesis was greatly enhanced in cultures of bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) from Notch2tm1.1Ecan mice when compared with the activity of TNFα in control cultures. TNFα induced the expression of Notch2 and Notch2 mutant mRNA by ∼2-fold, possibly amplifying the NOTCH2-dependent induction of osteoclastogenesis. The effect of TNFα on osteoclastogenesis in Notch2tm1.1Ecan mutants depended on NOTCH2 activation because it was reversed by anti-NOTCH2 negative regulatory region and anti-jagged 1 antibodies. The inactivation of Hes1 prevented the TNFα effect on osteoclastogenesis in the context of the Notch2tm1.1Ecan mutation. In addition, the induction of Il1b, but not of Tnfa and Il6, mRNA by TNFα was greater in Notch2tm1.1Ecan BMMs than in control cells, possibly contributing to the actions of TNFα and NOTCH2 on osteoclastogenesis. In conclusion, the HCS mutation enhances TNFα-induced osteoclastogenesis and the inflammatory bone-resorptive response possibly explaining the acro-osteolysis observed in affected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungeun Yu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut 06030.,UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut 06030
| | - Ernesto Canalis
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut 06030 .,UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut 06030.,Department of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut 06030
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19
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Wang J, Zhu B, Zhang Y, Saiyin H, Wumaier R, Yu L, Sun L, Xiao Q. HEY2 acting as a co-repressor with smad3 and smad4 interferes with the response of TGF-beta in hepatocellular carcinoma. Am J Transl Res 2019; 11:4367-4381. [PMID: 31396342 PMCID: PMC6684919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The HEY2 (hairy and enhancer of split-related with YRPW motif 2) is reported to play potential roles in tumorigenesis. However, the underlying mechanism in tumorigenesis is remain elusive. The present study aims to investigate the molecular mechanism of biological function of HEY2 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Dysfunction of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) pathway plays a critical role in HCC pathogenesis. Here, we identified HEY2 as a suppressor for TGF-β biological response. We demonstrated that HEY2 protein in tumor cytoplasm was up-regulated in HCC. Further, HEY2 overexpression inhibited TGF-β-induced growth arrest of HCC cells and inhibited TGF-β-induced downregulation of c-Myc, both in mRNA and in protein levels. While knockdown of HEY2, by small interfering RNA, was shown to enhance the TGF-β-mediated biological response of HCC cells. Moreover, HEY2 could form complexes with Smad3 and Smad4 and repress Smad3/Smad4 transcriptional activity. In conclusion, our findings indicate a novel role of HEY2 in mediating the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway in HCC tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqing Wang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of The Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University138 Yixueyuan Rd, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Bo Zhu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of The Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University138 Yixueyuan Rd, Shanghai 200032, China
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Hexige Saiyin
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Reziya Wumaier
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of The Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University138 Yixueyuan Rd, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Long Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Lichun Sun
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Tulane Health Sciences CenterNew Orleans, LA 70112-2699, USA
| | - Qianyi Xiao
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of The Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University138 Yixueyuan Rd, Shanghai 200032, China
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20
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Parekh PA, Garcia TX, Waheeb R, Jain V, Gandhi P, Meistrich ML, Shetty G, Hofmann MC. Undifferentiated spermatogonia regulate Cyp26b1 expression through NOTCH signaling and drive germ cell differentiation. FASEB J 2019; 33:8423-8435. [PMID: 30991836 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201802361r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 family 26 subfamily B member 1 (CYP26B1) regulates the concentration of all-trans retinoic acid (RA) and plays a key role in germ cell differentiation by controlling local distribution of RA. The mechanisms regulating Cyp26b1 expression in postnatal Sertoli cells, the main components of the stem cell niche, are so far unknown. During gonad development, expression of Cyp26b1 is maintained by Steroidogenic Factor 1 (SF-1) and Sex-Determining Region Y Box-9 (SOX9), which ensure that RA is degraded and germ cell differentiation is blocked. Here, we show that the NOTCH target Hairy/Enhancer-of-Split Related with YRPW Motif 1 (HEY1), a transcriptional repressor, regulates germ cell differentiation via direct binding to the Cyp26b1 promoter and thus inhibits its expression in Sertoli cells. Further, using in vivo germ cell ablation, we demonstrate that undifferentiated type A spermatogonia are the cells that activate NOTCH signaling in Sertoli cells through their expression of the NOTCH ligand JAGGED-1 (JAG1) at stage VIII of the seminiferous epithelium cycle, therefore mediating germ cell differentiation by a ligand concentration-dependent process. These data therefore provide more insights into the mechanisms of germ cell differentiation after birth and potentially explain the spatiotemporal RA pulses driving the transition between undifferentiated to differentiating spermatogonia.-Parekh, P. A., Garcia, T. X., Waheeb, R., Jain, V., Gandhi, P., Meistrich, M. L., Shetty, G., Hofmann, M.-C. Undifferentiated spermatogonia regulate Cyp26b1 expression through NOTCH signaling and drive germ cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parag A Parekh
- Department of Endocrine Neoplasia and Hormonal Disorders, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Thomas X Garcia
- Department of Endocrine Neoplasia and Hormonal Disorders, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Houston-Clear Lake, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Reham Waheeb
- Department of Endocrine Neoplasia and Hormonal Disorders, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Theriogenology, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Vivek Jain
- Department of Endocrine Neoplasia and Hormonal Disorders, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Houston-Clear Lake, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Pooja Gandhi
- Department of Endocrine Neoplasia and Hormonal Disorders, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Marvin L Meistrich
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Gunapala Shetty
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Marie-Claude Hofmann
- Department of Endocrine Neoplasia and Hormonal Disorders, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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21
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Noguchi YT, Nakamura M, Hino N, Nogami J, Tsuji S, Sato T, Zhang L, Tsujikawa K, Tanaka T, Izawa K, Okada Y, Doi T, Kokubo H, Harada A, Uezumi A, Gessler M, Ohkawa Y, Fukada SI. Cell-autonomous and redundant roles of Hey1 and HeyL in muscle stem cells: HeyL requires Hes1 to bind diverse DNA sites. Development 2019; 146:dev.163618. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.163618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The undifferentiated state of muscle stem (satellite) cells (MuSCs) is maintained by the canonical Notch pathway. Although three bHLH transcriptional factors, Hey1, HeyL, and Hes1, are considered to be potential effectors of the Notch pathway exerting anti-myogenic effects, neither HeyL nor Hes1 inhibits myogenic differentiation of myogenic cell lines. Furthermore, whether these factors work redundantly or cooperatively is unknown. Here, we showed cell-autonomous functions of Hey1 and HeyL in MuSCs using conditional and genetic null mice. Analysis of cultured MuSCs revealed anti-myogenic activity of both HeyL and Hes1. We found that HeyL forms heterodimeric complexes with Hes1 in living cells. Moreover, our ChIP-Seq experiments demonstrated that, compared with HeyL alone, HeyL-Hes1 heterodimer bound with high affinity to specific sites in the chromatin including the cis-element of Hey1. Finally, the analyses of myogenin promoter activity showed that HeyL and Hes1 acted synergistically to suppress myogenic differentiation. Collectively, those results suggest that HeyL and Hey1 function redundantly in MuSCs, and that HeyL requires Hes1 for effective DNA binding and biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-taro Noguchi
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Miki Nakamura
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Nobumasa Hino
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Jumpei Nogami
- Division of Transcriptomics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Sayaka Tsuji
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takahiko Sato
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Lidan Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kazutake Tsujikawa
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Toru Tanaka
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kohei Izawa
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Okada
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takefumi Doi
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kokubo
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology and Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minamiku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Akihito Harada
- Division of Transcriptomics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Uezumi
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
| | - Manfred Gessler
- Developmental Biochemistry, Theodor-Boveri-Institute / Biocenter, and Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University of Wuerzburg, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Yasuyuki Ohkawa
- Division of Transcriptomics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - So-ichiro Fukada
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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22
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Canalis E, Yu J, Schilling L, Yee SP, Zanotti S. The lateral meningocele syndrome mutation causes marked osteopenia in mice. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:14165-14177. [PMID: 30042232 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.004242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Lateral meningocele syndrome (LMS) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by neurological complications and osteoporosis. LMS is associated with mutations in exon 33 of NOTCH3 leading to a truncated protein lacking sequences for NOTCH3 degradation and presumably causing NOTCH3 gain of function. To create a mouse model reproducing human LMS-associated mutations, we utilized CRISPR/Cas9 to introduce a tandem termination codon at bases 6691-6696 (ACCAAG→TAATGA) and verified this mutation (Notch3tm1.1Ecan ) by DNA sequencing of F1 mice. One-month-old male and female heterozygous Notch3tm1.1Ecan mice had cancellous and cortical bone osteopenia but exhibited no obvious neurological alterations, and histopathology of multiple organs revealed no abnormalities. Microcomputed tomography of these mutants revealed a 35-60% decrease in cancellous bone volume associated with a reduction in trabecular number and decreased connectivity. During maturation, cancellous and cortical bones were restored in female but not in male mice, which exhibited cancellous bone osteopenia at 4 months. Cancellous bone histomorphometry revealed increased osteoblast and osteocyte numbers and a modest increase in osteoclast surface and bone formation rate. Notch3tm1.1Ecan calvarial osteoblasts had increased proliferation and increased bone γ-carboxyglutamate protein (Bglap) and TNF superfamily member 11 (Tnfsf11) mRNA levels and lower Tnfrsf11b levels. Tnfsf11 mRNA was increased in osteocyte-rich femora from Notch3tm1.1Ecan mice. Cultures of bone marrow-derived macrophages from Notch3tm1.1Ecan mice revealed increased osteoclast formation, particularly in cocultures with osteoblasts from Notch3tm1.1Ecan mice. In conclusion, the Notch3tm1.1Ecan mutation causes osteopenia despite an increase in osteoblast proliferation and function and is associated with enhanced Tnfsf11 expression in osteoblasts and osteocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Canalis
- From the Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery, .,Medicine, and.,UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, and
| | - Jungeun Yu
- From the Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery.,UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, and
| | - Lauren Schilling
- From the Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery.,UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, and
| | - Siu-Pok Yee
- Cell Biology.,Center for Mouse Genome Modification, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut 06030
| | - Stefano Zanotti
- From the Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery.,Medicine, and.,UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, and
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23
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Kowalchuk AM, Maurer KA, Shoja-Taheri F, Brown NL. Requirements for Neurogenin2 during mouse postnatal retinal neurogenesis. Dev Biol 2018; 442:220-235. [PMID: 30048641 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2018.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 07/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
During embryonic retinal development, the bHLH factor Neurog2 regulates the temporal progression of neurogenesis, but no role has been assigned for this gene in the postnatal retina. Using Neurog2 conditional mutants, we found that Neurog2 is necessary for the development of an early, embryonic cohort of rod photoreceptors, but also required by both a subset of cone bipolar subtypes, and rod bipolars. Using transcriptomics, we identified a subset of downregulated genes in P2 Neurog2 mutants, which act during rod differentiation, outer segment morphogenesis or visual processing. We also uncovered defects in neuronal cell culling, which suggests that the rod and bipolar cell phenotypes may arise via more complex mechanisms rather than a simple cell fate shift. However, given an overall phenotypic resemblance between Neurog2 and Blimp1 mutants, we explored the relationship between these two factors. We found that Blimp1 is downregulated between E12-birth in Neurog2 mutants, which probably reflects a dependence on Neurog2 in embryonic progenitor cells. Overall, we conclude that the Neurog2 gene is expressed and active prior to birth, but also exerts an influence on postnatal retinal neuron differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelica M Kowalchuk
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Kate A Maurer
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Farnaz Shoja-Taheri
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Nadean L Brown
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
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24
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Zanotti S, Yu J, Adhikari S, Canalis E. Glucocorticoids inhibit notch target gene expression in osteoblasts. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:6016-6023. [PMID: 29575203 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids in excess suppress osteoblast function and cause osteoporosis. We demonstrated that cortisol induces the expression of selected Notch receptors in osteoblasts, revealing a potential mechanism for the skeletal effects of glucocorticoids. However, it remains to be determined whether increased expression of Notch receptors results into enhanced signaling. Following activation of Notch, its intracellular domain (NICD) binds to the DNA-associated protein recombination signal binding protein for immunoglobulin kappa-J region (RBPJ) and induces the expression of target genes such as Hey1, Hey2, and HeyL. To determine whether glucocorticoids modulate Notch signaling in the skeleton, 1 month old wild-type mice were administered prednisolone or placebo and sacrificed after 72 h, and gene expression was analyzed in femoral bone. Prednisolone induced Tsc22d3, a glucocorticoid target gene, and suppressed Hey1 and HeyL expression, which is indicative of inhibited Notch receptor activity or direct Hey downregulation. To determine the mechanisms of Hey suppression, wild-type osteoblast-enriched cells were seeded on the Notch cognate ligand Delta-like (DLL)1 or transfected with constructs expressing the NOTCH1 NICD fragment and exposed to either cortisol or vehicle. Cortisol opposed the induction of mRNA and heterogeneous nuclear RNA for Hey1, Hey2, and HeyL by DLL1, but had no effect on mRNA stability, indicating that glucocorticoids inhibit Hey expression by transcriptional mechanisms. Transactivation studies and electrophoretic mobility shift assays revealed that cortisol did not oppose RBPJ-mediated transcription or RBPJ/DNA interactions, respectively. In conclusion, glucocorticoids suppress expression of Hey1, Hey2, and HeyL in osteoblasts by RBPJ-independent transcriptional mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Zanotti
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut.,Department of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut.,UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Jungeun Yu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut.,UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut
| | | | - Ernesto Canalis
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut.,Department of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut.,UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut
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25
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Canalis E. Clinical and experimental aspects of notch receptor signaling: Hajdu-Cheney syndrome and related disorders. Metabolism 2018; 80:48-56. [PMID: 28941602 PMCID: PMC5818282 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are four Notch transmembrane receptors that determine the fate and function of cells. Notch is activated following its interactions with ligands of the Jagged and Delta-like families that lead to the cleavage and release of the Notch intracellular domain (NICD); this translocates to the nucleus to induce the transcription of Notch target genes. Genetic disorders of loss- and gain-of-NOTCH function present with severe clinical manifestations. BASIC PROCEDURES In this article, current knowledge of Hajdu Cheney Syndrome (HCS) and related disorders is reviewed. MAIN FINDINGS HCS is a rare genetic disorder characterized by acroosteolysis, fractures, short stature, neurological manifestations, craniofacial developmental abnormalities, cardiovascular defects and polycystic kidneys. HCS is associated with NOTCH2 gain-of-function mutations. An experimental mouse model of the disease revealed that the bone loss is secondary to increased osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption due to enhanced expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (Rankl). This would suggest that inhibitors of bone resorption might prove to be beneficial in the treatment of the bone loss associated with HCS. Notch2 is a determinant of B-cell allocation in the marginal zone of the spleen and "somatic" mutations analogous to those found in HCS are associated with B-cell lymphomas of the marginal zone, but there are no reports of lymphomas associated with HCS. CONCLUSION In conclusion, HCS is a serious genetic disorder associated with NOTCH2 mutations. New experimental models have offered insight on mechanisms responsible for the manifestations of HCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Canalis
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, the UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA; Department of Medicine, the UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.
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26
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Chen T, Liu N, Xu GM, Liu TJ, Liu Y, Zhou Y, Huo SB, Zhang K. Apelin13/APJ promotes proliferation of colon carcinoma by activating Notch3 signaling pathway. Oncotarget 2017; 8:101697-101706. [PMID: 29254197 PMCID: PMC5731907 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The link between Apelin (APL)/APL receptor (APJ) and Jagged (JAG)/Notch signaling pathways in colorectal cancer (CRC) has been poorly investigated. APL/APJ system, a potent angiogenic factor, is up-regulated in a variety of cancers. It contributes to tumor angiogenesis, and correlates with progression of malignancy. JAG/Notch signaling also contributes to progression, proliferation and metastasis of multiple cancers, including CRC. Here we tested the hypothesis that APL/APJ system promotes CRC proliferation by up-regulating Notch3, thus allowing further binding of JAG1 to Notch3. Materials and Methods We used a variety of methods including Western blot, RT-qPCR, gene silencing, ELISA, immunofluorescence staining, to investigate the interaction between APL/APJ system and Notch3 signaling pathway in both surgically-resected specimens and CRC cell line LS180. Results We show that the expression of APL13, APJ, and Notch3 is elevated in CRC. We further demonstrate that APL13 can be secreted into culture media of LS180 cells, suggesting the existence of autocrine loop in CRC. Moreover, we found that APL13 stimulated expression of Notch3. Finally, we found that inhibition of either APJ or Notch3 prevents proliferation of LS180 cells. Conclusions Our results suggest that APL13/APJ and JAG1/Notch3 signaling pathways are linked in CRC. These findings provide a new direction to the efforts targeting effective therapeutic and management approaches in the treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Chen
- Gastrointestinal Surgery Department, The China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Ning Liu
- General Surgery Department, The First Hospital of Jilin Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin, China
| | - Guang-Meng Xu
- Colorectal Surgery Department, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Tong-Jun Liu
- Colorectal Surgery Department, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Colorectal Surgery Department, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Colorectal Surgery Department, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Si-Bo Huo
- Colorectal Surgery Department, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Colorectal Surgery Department, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
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27
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Gyoja F. Basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors in evolution: Roles in development of mesoderm and neural tissues. Genesis 2017; 55. [PMID: 28804953 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.23051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors have attracted the attention of developmental and evolutionary biologists for decades because of their conserved functions in mesodermal and neural tissue formation in both vertebrates and fruit flies. Their evolutionary history is of special interest because it will likely provide insights into developmental processes and refinement of metazoan-specific traits. This review briefly considers advances in developmental biological studies on bHLHs/HLHs. I also discuss recent genome-wide surveys and molecular phylogenetic analyses of these factors in a wide range of metazoans. I hypothesize that interactions between metazoan-specific Group A, D, and E bHLH/HLH factors enabled a sophisticated transition system from cell proliferation to differentiation in multicellular development. This control mechanism probably emerged initially to organize a multicellular animal body and was subsequently recruited to form evolutionarily novel tissues, which differentiated during a later ontogenetic phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuki Gyoja
- Marine Genomics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Konan University, 8-9-1 Okamoto, Higashinada, Kobe, 658-8501, Japan
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28
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Perrone S, Zubeldia-Brenner L, Gazza E, Demarchi G, Baccarini L, Baricalla A, Mertens F, Luque G, Vankelecom H, Berner S, Becu-Villalobos D, Cristina C. Notch system is differentially expressed and activated in pituitary adenomas of distinct histotype, tumor cell lines and normal pituitaries. Oncotarget 2017; 8:57072-57088. [PMID: 28915655 PMCID: PMC5593626 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Pituitary adenomas are among the most frequent intracranial neoplasms and treatment depends on tumor subtype and clinical features. Unfortunately, non responder cases occur, then new molecular targets are needed. Notch system component expression and activation data are scarce in pituitary tumorigenesis, we therefore aimed to characterize Notch system in pituitary tumors of different histotype. In human pituitary adenomas we showed NOTCH1-4 receptors, JAGGED1 ligand and HES1 target gene expression with positive correlations between NOTCH1,2,4 and HES1, and NOTCH3 and JAGGED1 denoting Notch system activation in a subset of tumors. Importantly, NOTCH3 positive cells were higher in corticotropinomas and somatotropinomas compared to non functioning adenomas. In accordance, Notch activation was evidenced in AtT20 tumor corticotropes, with higher levels of NOTCH1-3 active domains, Jagged1 and Hes1 compared to normal pituitary. In the prolactinoma cell lines GH3 and MMQ, in vivo GH3 tumors and normal glands, Notch system activation was lower than in corticotropes. In MMQ cells only the NOTCH2 active domain was increased, whereas NOTCH1 active domain was higher in GH3 tumors. High levels of Jagged1 and Dll1 were found solely in GH3 cells, and Hes1, Hey1 and Hey2 were expressed in a model dependent pattern. Prolactinomas harbored by lacDrd2KO mice expressed high levels of NOTCH1 active domain and reduced Hes1. We show a differential expression of Notch system components in tumoral and normal pituitaries and specific Notch system involvement depending on adenoma histotype, with higher activation in corticotropinomas. These data suggest that targeting Notch pathway may benefit non responder pituitary adenomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Perrone
- Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia del Noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, CITNOBA (UNNOBA-CONICET), Universidad Nacional del Noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Pergamino, 2700 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Elias Gazza
- Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia del Noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, CITNOBA (UNNOBA-CONICET), Universidad Nacional del Noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Pergamino, 2700 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gianina Demarchi
- Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia del Noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, CITNOBA (UNNOBA-CONICET), Universidad Nacional del Noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Pergamino, 2700 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Leticia Baccarini
- Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia del Noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, CITNOBA (UNNOBA-CONICET), Universidad Nacional del Noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Pergamino, 2700 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Agustin Baricalla
- Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia del Noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, CITNOBA (UNNOBA-CONICET), Universidad Nacional del Noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Pergamino, 2700 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Freya Mertens
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Cluster Stem Cell Biology and Embryology, Research Unit of Stem Cell Research, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Campus Gasthuisberg O&N4, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Guillermina Luque
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, IBYME-CONICET, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Hugo Vankelecom
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Cluster Stem Cell Biology and Embryology, Research Unit of Stem Cell Research, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Campus Gasthuisberg O&N4, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Silvia Berner
- Servicio de Neurocirugía, Clínica Santa Isabel, C1406GZJ Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Carolina Cristina
- Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia del Noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, CITNOBA (UNNOBA-CONICET), Universidad Nacional del Noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Pergamino, 2700 Buenos Aires, Argentina
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29
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Liu Z, Sanders AJ, Liang G, Song E, Jiang WG, Gong C. Hey Factors at the Crossroad of Tumorigenesis and Clinical Therapeutic Modulation of Hey for Anticancer Treatment. Mol Cancer Ther 2017; 16:775-786. [PMID: 28468863 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-16-0576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2016] [Revised: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetic and Gene Regulation, Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Andrew J Sanders
- Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Gehao Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetic and Gene Regulation, Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Erwei Song
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetic and Gene Regulation, Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen G Jiang
- Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, United Kingdom.
| | - Chang Gong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetic and Gene Regulation, Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
- Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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30
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Liao BK, Oates AC. Delta-Notch signalling in segmentation. ARTHROPOD STRUCTURE & DEVELOPMENT 2017; 46:429-447. [PMID: 27888167 PMCID: PMC5446262 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2016.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 11/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Modular body organization is found widely across multicellular organisms, and some of them form repetitive modular structures via the process of segmentation. It's vastly interesting to understand how these regularly repeated structures are robustly generated from the underlying noise in biomolecular interactions. Recent studies from arthropods reveal similarities in segmentation mechanisms with vertebrates, and raise the possibility that the three phylogenetic clades, annelids, arthropods and chordates, might share homology in this process from a bilaterian ancestor. Here, we discuss vertebrate segmentation with particular emphasis on the role of the Notch intercellular signalling pathway. We introduce vertebrate segmentation and Notch signalling, pointing out historical milestones, then describe existing models for the Notch pathway in the synchronization of noisy neighbouring oscillators, and a new role in the modulation of gene expression wave patterns. We ask what functions Notch signalling may have in arthropod segmentation and explore the relationship between Notch-mediated lateral inhibition and synchronization. Finally, we propose open questions and technical challenges to guide future investigations into Notch signalling in segmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Kai Liao
- Francis Crick Institute, Mill Hill Laboratory, The Ridgeway, London NW7 1AA, UK
| | - Andrew C Oates
- Francis Crick Institute, Mill Hill Laboratory, The Ridgeway, London NW7 1AA, UK; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
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31
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Gálvez H, Abelló G, Giraldez F. Signaling and Transcription Factors during Inner Ear Development: The Generation of Hair Cells and Otic Neurons. Front Cell Dev Biol 2017; 5:21. [PMID: 28393066 PMCID: PMC5364141 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2017.00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Integration between cell signals and bHLH transcription factors plays a prominent role during the development of hair cells of the inner ear. Hair cells are the sensory receptors of the inner ear, responsible for the mechano-transduction of sound waves into electrical signals. They derive from multipotent progenitors that reside in the otic placode. Progenitor commitment is the result of cell signaling from the surrounding tissues that result in the restricted expression of SoxB1 transcription factors, Sox2 and Sox3. In turn, they induce the expression of Neurog1 and Atoh1, two bHLH factors that specify neuronal and hair cell fates, respectively. Neuronal and hair cell development, however, do not occur simultaneously. Hair cell development is prevented during neurogenesis and prosensory stages, resulting in the delay of hair cell development with respect to neuron production. Negative interactions between Neurog1 and Atoh1, and of Atoh1 with other bHLH factors driven by Notch signaling, like Hey1 and Hes5, account for this delay. In summary, the regulation of Atoh1 and hair cell development relies on interactions between cell signaling and bHLH transcription factors that dictate cell fate and timing decisions during development. Interestingly, these mechanisms operate as well during hair cell regeneration after damage and during stem cell directed differentiation, making developmental studies instrumental for improving therapies for hearing impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héctor Gálvez
- Developmental Biology, CEXS, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona, Universitat Pompeu Fabra Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gina Abelló
- Developmental Biology, CEXS, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona, Universitat Pompeu Fabra Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando Giraldez
- Developmental Biology, CEXS, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona, Universitat Pompeu Fabra Barcelona, Spain
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32
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Canalis E, Zanotti S. Hairy and Enhancer of Split-Related With YRPW Motif-Like (HeyL) Is Dispensable for Bone Remodeling in Mice. J Cell Biochem 2017; 118:1819-1826. [PMID: 28019674 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Notch induces Hairy Enhancer of Split (Hes)1 and Hes-related with YRPW motif (Hey) Hey1, Hey2 and Hey-like (HeyL) expression in osteoblasts, but it is not known whether any of these target genes mediates the effect of Notch in the skeleton. We demonstrated that Notch1 activation in osteoblasts/osteocytes induces Hes1, Hey1, Hey2, and HeyL, but HeyL was induced to a greater extent than other target genes. To characterize HeyL null mice for their skeletal phenotype, microcomputed tomography (µCT) and histomorphometric analysis of HeyL null and sex-matched littermate controls was performed. µCT demonstrated modest cancellous bone osteopenia in 1 month old male mice and normal microarchitecture in 3 month old male HeyL null mice. Female HeyL null mice were not different from controls at either 1 or 3 months of age. Bone histomorphometry did not demonstrate differences between HeyL null mice of either sex and littermate controls. In conclusion, HeyL null mice do not exhibit an obvious skeletal phenotype demonstrating that HeyL is dispensable for skeletal homeostasis. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 1819-1826, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Canalis
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery and Medicine, and the UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, 06030-5456
| | - Stefano Zanotti
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery and Medicine, and the UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, 06030-5456
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33
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Zhu G, Wang J, Song M, Zhou F, Fu D, Ruan G, Bai Y, Yu Z, Zhang L, Zhu X, Huang L, Pang R, Pan X. Overexpression of Jagged1 Ameliorates Aged Rat-Derived Endothelial Progenitor Cell Functions and Improves Its Transfusion Efficiency for Rat Balloon-Induced Arterial Injury. Ann Vasc Surg 2017; 41:241-258. [PMID: 28163178 DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2016.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) has significant age-dependent alterations in properties, but the role of Jagged1 in aging-induced decline of EPC functions remains unclear. METHODS 2- and 20-month old healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats were used in present study. Jagged1 gene transfection was performed in EPC isolated from aged (AEPC) and young rats (YEPC), respectively. Experiments were divided into 4 groups: (1) pIRES2-EGFP (PE) group, (2) PE-combined N-[N-(3, 5-difluoro-phenacetyl)-1- alany1]-S-phenyglycine t-butyl ester (DAPT) (PE + D) group, (3) pIRES2 EGFP-Jagged1 (PEJ) group, and (4) PEJ combined DAPT (PEJ + D) group. Notch molecules were detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction or Western blotting. CD34, CD133, CD45, and KDR markers were detected by flow cytometry. EPC migration and proliferation were detected with a modified Boyden chamber and 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, respectively; the tube formation ability was assayed by in vitro angiogenesis kit; EPC transfusion after Jagged1 gene transfection was performed in rat carotid artery injury models. RESULTS Jagged1 gene transfection effectively activates notch-signaling pathway. Compared with PE groups, overexpression of Jagged1 significantly promoted AEPC functions including proliferation, migration, the tube formation ability, and cell differentiation, these effects could be reasonably diminished by DAPT. In vivo study demonstrated that Jagged1 overexpressing also significantly promoted AEPC homing to the vascular injury sites and decreases the neointima formation after vascular injury. CONCLUSIONS Overexpression of Jagged1 ameliorates aged rat-derived EPC functions and increases its transfusion efficiency for balloon-induced rat arterial injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangxu Zhu
- Cell Biological Therapy Center, Cell Biological Medicine Integrated Engineering Laboratory of State and Region, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kunming General Hospital of Chengdu Military Area Command of PLA, Kunming, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jinxiang Wang
- Cell Biological Therapy Center, Cell Biological Medicine Integrated Engineering Laboratory of State and Region, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kunming General Hospital of Chengdu Military Area Command of PLA, Kunming, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingbao Song
- Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Zhou
- Cell Biological Therapy Center, Cell Biological Medicine Integrated Engineering Laboratory of State and Region, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kunming General Hospital of Chengdu Military Area Command of PLA, Kunming, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, PLA Kunming General Hospital Clinical College of Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Dagan Fu
- Cell Biological Therapy Center, Cell Biological Medicine Integrated Engineering Laboratory of State and Region, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kunming General Hospital of Chengdu Military Area Command of PLA, Kunming, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangping Ruan
- Cell Biological Therapy Center, Cell Biological Medicine Integrated Engineering Laboratory of State and Region, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kunming General Hospital of Chengdu Military Area Command of PLA, Kunming, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingying Bai
- Cell Biological Therapy Center, Cell Biological Medicine Integrated Engineering Laboratory of State and Region, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kunming General Hospital of Chengdu Military Area Command of PLA, Kunming, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengping Yu
- Institute of Biological Effect of Electromagnetic Radiation, Department of Occupational Health, School of Military Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Leilei Zhang
- Cell Biological Therapy Center, Cell Biological Medicine Integrated Engineering Laboratory of State and Region, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kunming General Hospital of Chengdu Military Area Command of PLA, Kunming, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangqing Zhu
- Cell Biological Therapy Center, Cell Biological Medicine Integrated Engineering Laboratory of State and Region, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kunming General Hospital of Chengdu Military Area Command of PLA, Kunming, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lan Huang
- Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongqing Pang
- Cell Biological Therapy Center, Cell Biological Medicine Integrated Engineering Laboratory of State and Region, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kunming General Hospital of Chengdu Military Area Command of PLA, Kunming, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinghua Pan
- Cell Biological Therapy Center, Cell Biological Medicine Integrated Engineering Laboratory of State and Region, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kunming General Hospital of Chengdu Military Area Command of PLA, Kunming, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China.
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Polychlorinated biphenyls target Notch/Dll and VEGF R2 in the mouse placenta and human trophoblast cell lines for their anti-angiogenic effects. Sci Rep 2017; 7:39885. [PMID: 28071720 PMCID: PMC5223111 DOI: 10.1038/srep39885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The intrauterine environment is particularly vulnerable to environmental exposures. We previously established a mouse model that provided evidence for pregnancy complications and placental anti-angiogenesis in response to Aroclor 1254 (A-1254), a mixture of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Importantly, these effects were observed in IL-10-/-, but not wild type, mice, suggesting that IL-10 deficiency predisposes to pregnancy disruptive effects of environmental toxicants. However, the mechanisms by which PCBs cause anti-angiogenic effects are unclear. Here, we evaluated PCB-mediated anti-angiogenic effects by diverse but complementary approaches, including HUVEC-mediated trophoblast invasion in nude mice, in vitro three-dimensional capillary tube formation involving HUVEC and/or HTR8 trophoblasts, and aortic ring endothelial cell outgrowth/sprouting. Taken together, our data suggest that PCBs act as potent anti-angiogenic agents. Importantly, we show that treatment of pregnant IL-10-/- mice with A-1254 resulted in placental activation of the Notch/Delta-like ligand (Dll) pathway, a master regulator of cell-cell interaction and vascular patterning. Similar results were obtained with HUVEC and HTR8 trophoblasts. Rescue of A-1254-induced disruption of HUVEC-based tube formation by γ-secretase inhibitor L1790 confirmed the critical role of the Notch/Dll pathway. Our data suggest that PCBs impart pregnancy disruptive functions by activating the Notch/Dll pathway and by inducing anti-angiogenic effects at the maternal-fetal interface.
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Dhanesh SB, Subashini C, James J. Hes1: the maestro in neurogenesis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:4019-42. [PMID: 27233500 PMCID: PMC11108451 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2277-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The process of neurogenesis is well orchestrated by the harmony of multiple cues in a spatiotemporal manner. In this review, we focus on how a dynamic gene, Hes1, is involved in neurogenesis with the view of its regulation and functional implications. Initially, we have reviewed the immense functional significance drawn by this maestro during neural development in a context-dependent manner. How this indispensable role of Hes1 in conferring the competency for neural differentiation partly relies on the direct/indirect mode of repression mediated by very specific structural and functional arms of this protein has also been outlined here. We also review the detailed molecular mechanisms behind the well-tuned oscillatory versus sustained expression of this antineurogenic bHLH repressor, which indeed makes it a master gene to implement the elusive task of neural progenitor propensity. Apart from the functional aspects of Hes1, we also discuss the molecular insights into the endogenous regulatory machinery that regulates its expression. Though Hes1 is a classical target of the Notch signaling pathway, we discuss here its differential expression at the molecular, cellular, and/or regional level. Moreover, we describe how its expression is fine-tuned by all possible ways of gene regulation such as epigenetic, transcriptional, post-transcriptional, post-translational, and environmental factors during vertebrate neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivadasan Bindu Dhanesh
- Neuro Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Neurobiology Division, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thycaud PO, Thiruvananthapuram, 695 014, Kerala, India
| | - Chandramohan Subashini
- Neuro Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Neurobiology Division, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thycaud PO, Thiruvananthapuram, 695 014, Kerala, India
| | - Jackson James
- Neuro Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Neurobiology Division, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thycaud PO, Thiruvananthapuram, 695 014, Kerala, India.
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Abdolazimi Y, Stojanova Z, Segil N. Selection of cell fate in the organ of Corti involves the integration of Hes/Hey signaling at the Atoh1 promoter. Development 2016; 143:841-50. [PMID: 26932672 DOI: 10.1242/dev.129320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Determination of cell fate within the prosensory domain of the developing cochlear duct relies on the temporal and spatial regulation of the bHLH transcription factor Atoh1. Auditory hair cells and supporting cells arise in a wave of differentiation that patterns them into discrete rows mediated by Notch-dependent lateral inhibition. However, the mechanism responsible for selecting sensory cells from within the prosensory competence domain remains poorly understood. We show in mice that rather than being upregulated in rows of cells, Atoh1 is subject to transcriptional activation in groups of prosensory cells, and that highly conserved sites for Hes/Hey repressor binding in the Atoh1 promoter are needed to select the hair cell and supporting cell fate. During perinatal supporting cell transdifferentiation, which is a model of hair cell regeneration, we show that derepression is sufficient to induce Atoh1 expression, suggesting a mechanism for priming the 3' Atoh1 autoregulatory enhancer needed for hair cell expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yassan Abdolazimi
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology at USC, 1425 San Pablo St., Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA GMCB Graduate Program, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology at USC, 1425 San Pablo St., Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Zlatka Stojanova
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology at USC, 1425 San Pablo St., Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Neil Segil
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology at USC, 1425 San Pablo St., Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA Caruso Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, 1450 San Pablo St., Suite 5100, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
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HEY1 functions are regulated by its phosphorylation at Ser-68. Biosci Rep 2016; 36:BSR20160123. [PMID: 27129302 PMCID: PMC5293587 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20160123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
HEY1-dependent activation of the p53 tumour suppressor pathway can be inhibited through direct phosphorylation of HEY1 at Ser-68 located in the bHLH domain. STK38 and STK38L serine/threonine kinases can phosphorylate HEY1 Ser-68 and could modulate its biological function. HEY1 (hairy/enhancer-of-split related with YRPW motif 1) is a member of the basic helix–loop–helix-orange (bHLH-O) family of transcription repressors that mediate Notch signalling. HEY1 acts as a positive regulator of the tumour suppressor p53 via still unknown mechanisms. A MALDI-TOF/TOF MS analysis has uncovered a novel HEY1 regulatory phosphorylation event at Ser-68. Strikingly, this single phosphorylation event controls HEY1 stability and function: simulation of HEY1 Ser-68 phosphorylation increases HEY1 protein stability but inhibits its ability to enhance p53 transcriptional activity. Unlike wild-type HEY1, expression of the phosphomimetic mutant HEY1-S68D failed to induce p53-dependent cell cycle arrest and it did not sensitize U2OS cells to p53-activating chemotherapeutic drugs. We have identified two related kinases, STK38 (serine/threonine kinase 38) and STK38L (serine/threonine kinase 38 like), which interact with and phosphorylate HEY1 at Ser-68. HEY1 is phosphorylated at Ser-68 during mitosis and it accumulates in the centrosomes of mitotic cells, suggesting a possible integration of HEY1-dependent signalling in centrosome function. Moreover, HEY1 interacts with a subset of p53-activating ribosomal proteins. Ribosomal stress causes HEY1 relocalization from the nucleoplasm to perinucleolar structures termed nucleolar caps. HEY1 interacts physically with at least one of the ribosomal proteins, RPL11, and both proteins cooperate in the inhibition of MDM2-mediated p53 degradation resulting in a synergistic positive effect on p53 transcriptional activity. HEY1 itself also interacts directly with MDM2 and it is subjected to MDM2-mediated degradation. Simulation of HEY1 Ser-68 phosphorylation prevents its interaction with p53, RPL11 and MDM2 and abolishes HEY1 migration to nucleolar caps upon ribosomal stress. Our findings uncover a novel mechanism for cross-talk between Notch signalling and nucleolar stress.
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Abstract
Notch 1 to 4 receptors are important determinants of cell fate and function, and Notch signaling plays an important role in skeletal development and bone remodeling. After direct interactions with ligands of the Jagged and Delta-like families, a series of cleavages release the Notch intracellular domain (NICD), which translocates to the nucleus where it induces transcription of Notch target genes. Classic gene targets of Notch are hairy and enhancer of split (Hes) and Hes-related with YRPW motif (Hey). In cells of the osteoblastic lineage, Notch activation inhibits cell differentiation and causes cancellous bone osteopenia because of impaired bone formation. In osteocytes, Notch1 has distinct effects that result in an inhibition of bone resorption secondary to an induction of osteoprotegerin and suppression of sclerostin with a consequent enhancement of Wnt signaling. Notch1 inhibits, whereas Notch2 enhances, osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption. Congenital disorders of loss- and gain-of-Notch function present with severe clinical manifestations, often affecting the skeleton. Enhanced Notch signaling is associated with osteosarcoma, and Notch can influence the invasive potential of carcinoma of the breast and prostate. Notch signaling can be controlled by the use of inhibitors of Notch activation, small peptides that interfere with the formation of a transcriptional complex, or antibodies to the extracellular domain of specific Notch receptors or to Notch ligands. In conclusion, Notch plays a critical role in skeletal development and homeostasis, and serious skeletal disorders can be attributed to alterations in Notch signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Zanotti
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery and Medicine and the UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut 06030
| | - Ernesto Canalis
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery and Medicine and the UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut 06030
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Basu S, Proweller A. Autoregulatory Control of Smooth Muscle Myosin Light Chain Kinase Promoter by Notch Signaling. J Biol Chem 2015; 291:2988-99. [PMID: 26703474 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.679803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Smooth muscle myosin light chain kinase (SM-MLCK) is the key enzyme responsible for phosphorylation of regulatory myosin light chain (MLC20), resulting in actin-myosin cross-bridging and force generation in vascular smooth muscle required for physiological vasoreactivity and blood pressure control. In this study, we investigated the combinatorial role of myocardin/serum response factor (SRF) and Notch signaling in the transcriptional regulation of MLCK gene expression. Promoter reporter analyses in rat A10 smooth muscle cells revealed a bimodal pattern of MLCK promoter activity and gene expression upon stimulation with constitutively active Notch1 in presence of myocardin or by Jagged1 ligand stimulation. An initial Notch1-induced increase in MLCK transcription was followed by loss in promoter sensitivity, which could be restored with further Notch1 dose escalation. Real-time PCR analyses revealed that endogenous levels of Hairy Related Transcription (HRT) factor 2 (HRT2) peaked concurrently with inhibitory concentrations of Notch1. Forced expression of HRT2 demonstrated simultaneous repression of both myocardin- and Notch1-induced MLCK promoter activity. HRT2-mediated repression was further confirmed by HRT2 truncations and siHRT2 treatments that rescued MLCK promoter activity and gene expression. Chromatin immunoprecipitation studies revealed both Jagged1 ligand- and Notch1-enhanced myocardin/SRF complex formation at the promoter CArG element. In contrast, heightened levels of HRT2 concomitantly disrupted myocardin/SRF and Notch transcription complex formation at respective CArG and CSL binding elements. Taken together, SM-MLCK promoter activity appears highly sensitive to the relative levels of Notch1 signaling, HRT2, and myocardin. These findings identify a novel Notch-dependent HRT2 autoregulatory circuit coordinating transcriptional regulation of SM-MLCK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanchita Basu
- From the Department of Medicine, Case Cardiovascular Research Institute and University Hospitals Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
| | - Aaron Proweller
- From the Department of Medicine, Case Cardiovascular Research Institute and University Hospitals Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
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Fujita M, Sakabe M, Ioka T, Watanabe Y, Kinugasa-Katayama Y, Tsuchihashi T, Utset MF, Yamagishi H, Nakagawa O. Pharyngeal arch artery defects and lethal malformations of the aortic arch and its branches in mice deficient for the Hrt1/Hey1 transcription factor. Mech Dev 2015; 139:65-73. [PMID: 26577899 DOI: 10.1016/j.mod.2015.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The aortic arch and major branch arteries are formed from the three pairs of pharyngeal arch arteries (PAAs) during embryonic development. Their morphological defects are clinically observed as isolated diseases, as a part of complicated cardiovascular anomalies or as a manifestation of multi-organ syndromes such as 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. Although numerous genes have been implicated in PAA formation and remodeling, detailed mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here we report that the mice null for Hrt1/Hey1, a gene encoding a downstream transcription factor of Notch and ALK1 signaling pathways, show perinatal lethality on the C57BL/6N, C57BL/6N × C57BL/6J or C57BL/6N × 129X1/SvJ background. Hrt1/Hey1 null embryos display abnormal development of the fourth PAA (PAA4), which results in congenital vascular defects including right-sided aortic arch, interruption of the aortic arch and aberrant origin of the right subclavian artery. Impaired vessel formation occurs randomly in PAA4 of Hrt1/Hey1 null embryos, which likely causes the variability of congenital malformations. Endothelial cells in PAA4 of null embryos differentiate normally but are structurally disorganized at embryonic day 10.5 and 11.5. Vascular smooth muscle cells are nearly absent in the structurally-defective PAA4, despite the appropriate migration of cardiac neural crest cells into the fourth pharyngeal arches. Endothelial expression of Jag1 is down-regulated in the structurally-defective PAA4 of null embryos, which may be one of the mechanisms underlying the suppression of vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation. While the direct downstream phenomena of the Hrt1/Hey1 deficiency remain to be clarified, we suggest that Hrt1/Hey1-dependent transcriptional regulation has an important role in PAA formation during embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahide Fujita
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular System Research, Nara Medical University Advanced Medical Research Center, Kashihara, Nara, Japan; Department of Molecular Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masahide Sakabe
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular System Research, Nara Medical University Advanced Medical Research Center, Kashihara, Nara, Japan; Department of Molecular Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomoko Ioka
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular System Research, Nara Medical University Advanced Medical Research Center, Kashihara, Nara, Japan; Department of Molecular Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yusuke Watanabe
- Department of Molecular Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yumi Kinugasa-Katayama
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular System Research, Nara Medical University Advanced Medical Research Center, Kashihara, Nara, Japan; Department of Molecular Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takatoshi Tsuchihashi
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Manuel F Utset
- Department of Pathology, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Hiroyuki Yamagishi
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Osamu Nakagawa
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular System Research, Nara Medical University Advanced Medical Research Center, Kashihara, Nara, Japan; Department of Molecular Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
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Yamaguchi M, Murakami S, Yoneda T, Nakamura M, Zhang L, Uezumi A, Fukuda S, Kokubo H, Tsujikawa K, Fukada SI. Evidence of Notch-Hesr-Nrf2 Axis in Muscle Stem Cells, but Absence of Nrf2 Has No Effect on Their Quiescent and Undifferentiated State. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138517. [PMID: 26418810 PMCID: PMC4587955 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nrf2 is a master regulator of oxidative stresses through the induction of anti-oxidative genes. Nrf2 plays roles in maintaining murine hematopoietic stem cells and fly intestinal stem cells. The canonical Notch signaling pathway is also crucial for maintaining several types of adult stem cells including muscle stem cells (satellite cells). Here, we show that Dll1 induced Nrf2 expression in myogenic cells. In addition, primary targets of Notch signaling, Hesr1 and Hesr3, were involved in the up-regulation of Nrf2 mRNA and expression of its target genes. In vitro, Nrf2 had anti-myogenic and anti-proliferative effects on primary myoblasts. In vivo, although Nrf2-knockout mice showed decreased expression of its target genes in muscle stem cells, adult muscle stem cells of Nrf2-knockout mice did not exhibit the phenotype. Taken together, in muscle stem cells, the Notch-Hesr-Nrf2 axis is a pathway potentially inducing anti-oxidative genes, but muscle stem cells either do not require Nrf2-mediated anti-oxidative gene expression or they have a complementary system compensating for the loss of Nrf2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiko Yamaguchi
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Satoshi Murakami
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Yoneda
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Miki Nakamura
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Lidan Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Uezumi
- Division for Therapies Against Intractable Diseases, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
| | - Sumiaki Fukuda
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kokubo
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology and Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minamiku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Kazutake Tsujikawa
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - So-ichiro Fukada
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Hey bHLH Proteins Interact with a FBXO45 Containing SCF Ubiquitin Ligase Complex and Induce Its Translocation into the Nucleus. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0130288. [PMID: 26068074 PMCID: PMC4466309 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The Hey protein family, comprising Hey1, Hey2 and HeyL in mammals, conveys Notch signals in many cell types. The helix-loop-helix (HLH) domain as well as the Orange domain, mediate homo- and heterodimerization of these transcription factors. Although distinct interaction partners have been identified so far, their physiological relevance for Hey functions is still largely unclear. Using a tandem affinity purification approach and mass spectrometry analysis we identified members of an ubiquitin E3-ligase complex consisting of FBXO45, PAM and SKP1 as novel Hey1 associated proteins. There is a direct interaction between Hey1 and FBXO45, whereas FBXO45 is needed to mediate indirect Hey1 binding to SKP1. Expression of Hey1 induces translocation of FBXO45 and PAM into the nucleus. Hey1 is a short-lived protein that is degraded by the proteasome, but there is no evidence for FBXO45-dependent ubiquitination of Hey1. On the contrary, Hey1 mediated nuclear translocation of FBXO45 and its associated ubiquitin ligase complex may extend its spectrum to additional nuclear targets triggering their ubiquitination. This suggests a novel mechanism of action for Hey bHLH factors.
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Maeng YS, Choi YJ, Kim EK. TGFBIp regulates differentiation of EPC (CD133+
c-kit+
lin−
cells) to EC through activation of the notch signaling pathway. Stem Cells 2015; 33:2052-62. [DOI: 10.1002/stem.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Sun Maeng
- Department of Ophthalmology; Corneal Dystrophy Research Institute; Seoul South Korea
| | - Yeon Jeong Choi
- Department of Ophthalmology; Corneal Dystrophy Research Institute; Seoul South Korea
| | - Eung Kweon Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology; Corneal Dystrophy Research Institute; Seoul South Korea
- Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science; Institute of Vision Research, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine; Seoul South Korea
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Weber D, Heisig J, Kneitz S, Wolf E, Eilers M, Gessler M. Mechanisms of epigenetic and cell-type specific regulation of Hey target genes in ES cells and cardiomyocytes. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2015; 79:79-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2014.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Revised: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Teodorczyk M, Schmidt MHH. Notching on Cancer's Door: Notch Signaling in Brain Tumors. Front Oncol 2015; 4:341. [PMID: 25601901 PMCID: PMC4283135 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2014.00341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Notch receptors play an essential role in the regulation of central cellular processes during embryonic and postnatal development. The mammalian genome encodes for four Notch paralogs (Notch 1–4), which are activated by three Delta-like (Dll1/3/4) and two Serrate-like (Jagged1/2) ligands. Further, non-canonical Notch ligands such as epidermal growth factor like protein 7 (EGFL7) have been identified and serve mostly as antagonists of Notch signaling. The Notch pathway prevents neuronal differentiation in the central nervous system by driving neural stem cell maintenance and commitment of neural progenitor cells into the glial lineage. Notch is therefore often implicated in the development of brain tumors, as tumor cells share various characteristics with neural stem and progenitor cells. Notch receptors are overexpressed in gliomas and their oncogenicity has been confirmed by gain- and loss-of-function studies in vitro and in vivo. To this end, special attention is paid to the impact of Notch signaling on stem-like brain tumor-propagating cells as these cells contribute to growth, survival, invasion, and recurrence of brain tumors. Based on the outcome of ongoing studies in vivo, Notch-directed therapies such as γ-secretase inhibitors and blocking antibodies have entered and completed various clinical trials. This review summarizes the current knowledge on Notch signaling in brain tumor formation and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Teodorczyk
- Molecular Signal Transduction Laboratories, Institute for Microscopic Anatomy and Neurobiology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN), Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn2), Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz School of Medicine , Mainz , Germany
| | - Mirko H H Schmidt
- Molecular Signal Transduction Laboratories, Institute for Microscopic Anatomy and Neurobiology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN), Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn2), Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz School of Medicine , Mainz , Germany
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Petrovic J, Gálvez H, Neves J, Abelló G, Giraldez F. Differential regulation of Hes/Hey genes during inner ear development. Dev Neurobiol 2014; 75:703-20. [PMID: 25363712 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Notch signaling plays a crucial role during inner ear development and regeneration. Hes/Hey genes encode for bHLH transcription factors identified as Notch targets. We have studied the expression and regulation of Hes/Hey genes during inner ear development in the chicken embryo. Among several Hes/Hey genes examined, only Hey1 and Hes5 map to the sensory regions, although with salient differences. Hey1 expression follows Jag1 expression except at early prosensory stages while Hes5 expression corresponds well to Dl1 expression throughout otic development. Although Hey1 and Hes5 are direct Notch downstream targets, they differ in the level of Notch required for activation. Moreover, they also differ in mRNA stability, showing different temporal decays after Notch blockade. In addition, Bmp, Wnt and Fgf pathways also modify Hey1 and Hes5 expression in the inner ear. Particularly, the Wnt pathway modulates Hey1 and Jag1 expression. Finally, gain of function experiments show that Hey1 and Hes5 cross-regulate each other in a complex manner. Both Hey1 and Hes5 repress Dl1 and Hes5 expression, suggesting that they prevent the transition to differentiation stages, probably by preventing Atoh1 expression. In spite of its association with Jag1, Hey1 does not seem to be instrumental for lateral induction as it does not promote Jag1 expression. We suggest that, besides being both targets of Notch, Hey1 and Hes5 are subject to a rather complex regulation that includes the stability of their transcripts, cross regulation and other signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Petrovic
- Developmental Biology Unit, CEXS, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona (PRBB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hector Gálvez
- Developmental Biology Unit, CEXS, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona (PRBB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joana Neves
- Developmental Biology Unit, CEXS, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona (PRBB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gina Abelló
- Developmental Biology Unit, CEXS, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona (PRBB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando Giraldez
- Developmental Biology Unit, CEXS, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona (PRBB), Barcelona, Spain
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Dong Y, Long T, Wang C, Mirando AJ, Chen J, O'Keefe RJ, Hilton MJ. NOTCH-Mediated Maintenance and Expansion of Human Bone Marrow Stromal/Stem Cells: A Technology Designed for Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine. Stem Cells Transl Med 2014; 3:1456-66. [PMID: 25368376 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2014-0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Human bone marrow-derived stromal/stem cells (BMSCs) have great therapeutic potential for treating skeletal disease and facilitating skeletal repair, although maintaining their multipotency and expanding these cells ex vivo have proven difficult. Because most stem cell-based applications to skeletal regeneration and repair in the clinic would require large numbers of functional BMSCs, recent research has focused on methods for the appropriate selection, expansion, and maintenance of BMSC populations during long-term culture. We describe here a novel biological method that entails selection of human BMSCs based on NOTCH2 expression and activation of the NOTCH signaling pathway in cultured BMSCs via a tissue culture plate coated with recombinant human JAGGED1 (JAG1) ligand. We demonstrate that transient JAG1-mediated NOTCH signaling promotes human BMSC maintenance and expansion while increasing their skeletogenic differentiation capacity, both ex vivo and in vivo. This study is the first of its kind to describe a NOTCH-mediated methodology for the maintenance and expansion of human BMSCs and will serve as a platform for future clinical or translational studies aimed at skeletal regeneration and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Dong
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Center for Musculoskeletal Research, and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA; Department of Orthopaedics, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke Orthopaedic Cellular, Developmental, and Genome Laboratories, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Teng Long
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Center for Musculoskeletal Research, and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA; Department of Orthopaedics, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke Orthopaedic Cellular, Developmental, and Genome Laboratories, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Cuicui Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Center for Musculoskeletal Research, and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA; Department of Orthopaedics, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke Orthopaedic Cellular, Developmental, and Genome Laboratories, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Anthony J Mirando
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Center for Musculoskeletal Research, and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA; Department of Orthopaedics, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke Orthopaedic Cellular, Developmental, and Genome Laboratories, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jianquan Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Center for Musculoskeletal Research, and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA; Department of Orthopaedics, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke Orthopaedic Cellular, Developmental, and Genome Laboratories, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Regis J O'Keefe
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Center for Musculoskeletal Research, and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA; Department of Orthopaedics, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke Orthopaedic Cellular, Developmental, and Genome Laboratories, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Matthew J Hilton
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Center for Musculoskeletal Research, and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA; Department of Orthopaedics, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke Orthopaedic Cellular, Developmental, and Genome Laboratories, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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Solaimani P, Wang F, Hankinson O. SIN3A, generally regarded as a transcriptional repressor, is required for induction of gene transcription by the aryl hydrocarbon receptor. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:33655-62. [PMID: 25305016 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.611236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
CYP1A1 bioactivates several procarcinogens and detoxifies several xenobiotic compounds. Transcription of CYP1A1 is highly induced by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) via the aryl hydrocarbon receptor. We recently described an RNAi high throughput screening performed in the Hepa-1 mouse hepatoma cell line, which revealed that SIN3A is necessary for the induction of CYP1A1-dependent ethoxyresorufin-o-deethylase (EROD) enzymatic activity by TCDD. In the current studies, we sought to provide insight into the role of SIN3A in this process, particularly because studies on SIN3A have usually focused on its repressive activity on transcription. We report that ectopic expression of human SIN3A in Hepa-1 cells enhanced EROD induction by TCDD and efficiently rescued TCDD induction of EROD activity in cells treated with an siRNA to mouse SIN3A, thus validating a role for SIN3A in CYP1A1 induction. We demonstrate that SIN3A is required for TCDD induction of the CYP1A1 protein in Hepa-1 cells but not for expression of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor protein. In addition, siRNAs for SIN3A decreased TCDD-mediated induction of CYP1A1 mRNA and EROD activity in human hepatoma cell line Hep3B. We establish that TCDD treatment of Hepa-1 cells rapidly increases the degree of SIN3A binding to both the proximal promoter and enhancer of the Cyp1a1 gene and demonstrate that increased binding to the promoter also occurs in human Hep3B, HepG2, and MCF-7 cells. These studies establish that SIN3A physically interacts with the CYP1A1 gene and extends the transcriptional role of SIN3A to a gene that is very rapidly and dramatically induced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parrisa Solaimani
- From the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Molecular Toxicology Interdepartmental Program, and the Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center and
| | - Feng Wang
- the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Oliver Hankinson
- From the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Molecular Toxicology Interdepartmental Program, and the Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center and
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Shi N, Guo X, Chen SY. Olfactomedin 2, a novel regulator for transforming growth factor-β-induced smooth muscle differentiation of human embryonic stem cell-derived mesenchymal cells. Mol Biol Cell 2014; 25:4106-14. [PMID: 25298399 PMCID: PMC4263453 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e14-08-1255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Smooth muscle plays important roles in vascular development. Study of smooth muscle differentiation of human embryonic stem cell–derived mesenchymal cells identifies olfactomedin 2 as a novel regulator. Olfactomedin 2 regulates smooth muscle gene transcription by empowering serum response factor binding to the CArG box in smooth muscle gene promoters. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) plays an important role in smooth muscle (SM) differentiation, but the downstream target genes regulating the differentiation process remain largely unknown. In this study, we identified olfactomedin 2 (Olfm2) as a novel regulator mediating SM differentiation. Olfm2 was induced during TGF-β–induced SM differentiation of human embryonic stem cell–derived mesenchymal cells. Olfm2 knockdown suppressed TGF-β–induced expression of SM markers, including SM α-actin, SM22α, and SM myosin heavy chain, whereas Olfm2 overexpression promoted the SM marker expression. TGF-β induced Olfm2 nuclear accumulation, suggesting that Olfm2 may be involved in transcriptional activation of SM markers. Indeed, Olfm2 regulated SM marker expression and promoter activity in a serum response factor (SRF)/CArG box–dependent manner. Olfm2 physically interacted with SRF without affecting SRF-myocardin interaction. Olfm2-SRF interaction promoted the dissociation of SRF from HERP1, a transcriptional repressor. Olfm2 also inhibited HERP1 expression. Moreover, blockade of Olfm2 expression inhibited TGF-β–induced SRF binding to SM gene promoters in a chromatin setting, whereas overexpression of Olfm2 dose dependently enhanced SRF binding. These results demonstrate that Olfm2 mediates TGF-β–induced SM gene transcription by empowering SRF binding to CArG box in SM gene promoters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Shi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
| | - Xia Guo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
| | - Shi-You Chen
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
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Wong MM, Guo C, Zhang J. Nuclear receptor corepressor complexes in cancer: mechanism, function and regulation. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL UROLOGY 2014; 2:169-187. [PMID: 25374920 PMCID: PMC4219314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear receptor corepressor (NCoR) and silencing mediator for retinoid and thyroid hormone receptors (SMRT) function as corepressors for diverse transcription factors including nuclear receptors such as estrogen receptors and androgen receptors. Deregulated functions of NCoR and SMRT have been observed in many types of cancers and leukemias. NCoR and SMRT directly bind to transcription factors and nucleate the formation of stable complexes that include histone deacetylase 3, transducin b-like protein 1/TBL1-related protein 1, and G-protein pathway suppressor 2. These NCoR/SMRT-interacting proteins also show deregulated functions in cancers. In this review, we summarize the literature on the mechanism, regulation, and function of the core components of NCoR/SMRT complexes in the context of their involvement in cancers and leukemias. While the current studies support the view that the corepressors are promising targets for cancer treatment, elucidation of the mechanisms of corepressors involved in individual types of cancers is likely required for effective therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline M Wong
- Department of Pharmacological & Physiological Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine St. Louis, Missouri 63104
| | - Chun Guo
- Department of Pharmacological & Physiological Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine St. Louis, Missouri 63104
| | - Jinsong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacological & Physiological Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine St. Louis, Missouri 63104
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