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Huang Y, Cao J, Zhu M, Wang Z, Jin Z, Xiong Z. Nontoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis: A double-edged sword. Microbiol Res 2024; 286:127796. [PMID: 38870618 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2024.127796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
The contribution of commensal microbes to human health and disease is unknown. Bacteroides fragilis (B. fragilis) is an opportunistic pathogen and a common colonizer of the human gut. Nontoxigenic B. fragilis (NTBF) and enterotoxigenic B. fragilis (ETBF) are two kinds of B. fragilis. NTBF has been shown to affect the host immune system and interact with gut microbes and pathogenic microbes. Previous studies indicated that certain strains of B. fragilis have the potential to serve as probiotics, based on their observed relationship with the immune system. However, several recent studies have shown detrimental effects on the host when beneficial gut bacteria are found in the digestive system or elsewhere. In some pathological conditions, NTBF may have adverse reactions. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of NTBF ecology from the host-microbe perspective, encompassing molecular disease mechanisms analysis, bacteria-bacteria interaction, bacteria-host interaction, and the intricate ecological context of the gut. Our review provides much-needed insights into the precise application of NTBF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumei Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jiali Cao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Mengpei Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ziwen Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ze Jin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhifan Xiong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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Sun B, Sun Y, Sun Y, Zhou X, Han X, Han Y, Ma Q. Leucine Supplementation Modulates Lipid Metabolism and Inflammation in Early Weaning Piglets. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024. [PMID: 38842880 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c00554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Early weaning can induce the programmed dysregulation of glycolipid metabolism and inflammation in adult animals. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of leucine supplementation administered promptly after early weaning in mitigating these adverse effects in piglets. At day 21, 24 piglets were randomly selected and divided into 3 groups: EW group where the piglets were weaned at day 21 and fed basal diet, EWL group where the piglets were weaned at day 21 and fed the basal diet with supplementation of 1% leucine, and C group where the piglets were fed basal diet and weaned at 28 days. Each group contained eight replicates, with one piglet per replicate. The results indicated that early weaning had an impact on gut health and could activate the inhibitor of the kappa B kinase gamma/inhibitor kappa B alpha/NF-kappa-B (IKKγ/IκBα/NF-κB) signaling pathway to ameliorate pro-inflammatory factor and apoptosis levels. Furthermore, early weaning reduced the activity of fatty acid β oxidation (FAβO) and affected genes linked with lipid metabolism. Supplementing with leucine can improve the effects of these factors. In summary, leucine may alleviate the influences of early weaning on the lipid metabolism and inflammation in piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yuchen Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yutong Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Xinbo Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Xuesong Han
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yixin Han
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Qingquan Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
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Chandrasekaran P, Weiskirchen S, Weiskirchen R. Effects of Probiotics on Gut Microbiota: An Overview. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6022. [PMID: 38892208 PMCID: PMC11172883 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The role of probiotics in regulating intestinal flora to enhance host immunity has recently received widespread attention. Altering the human gut microbiota may increase the predisposition to several disease phenotypes such as gut inflammation and metabolic disorders. The intestinal microbiota converts dietary nutrients into metabolites that serve as biologically active molecules in modulating regulatory functions in the host. Probiotics, which are active microorganisms, play a versatile role in restoring the composition of the gut microbiota, helping to improve host immunity and prevent intestinal disease phenotypes. This comprehensive review provides firsthand information on the gut microbiota and their influence on human health, the dietary effects of diet on the gut microbiota, and how probiotics alter the composition and function of the human gut microbiota, along with their corresponding effects on host immunity in building a healthy intestine. We also discuss the implications of probiotics in some of the most important human diseases. In summary, probiotics play a significant role in regulating the gut microbiota, boosting overall immunity, increasing the abundance of beneficial bacteria, and helping ameliorate the symptoms of multiple diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preethi Chandrasekaran
- UT Southwestern Medical Center Dallas, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd. ND10.504, Dallas, TX 75390-9014, USA
| | - Sabine Weiskirchen
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) University Hospital Aachen, D-52074 Aachen, Germany;
| | - Ralf Weiskirchen
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) University Hospital Aachen, D-52074 Aachen, Germany;
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Wang C, Guo H, Bai J, Yu L, Tian F, Zhao J, Zhang H, Chen W, Zhai Q. The roles of different Bacteroides uniformis strains in alleviating DSS-induced ulcerative colitis and related functional genes. Food Funct 2024; 15:3327-3339. [PMID: 38465411 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo04863b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Bacteroides is a common intestinal bacterium closely associated with host colitis. However, relevant studies have been focused on the genus level, which could not identify the major Bacteroides species associated with intestinal disease. Thus, we have evaluated the Bacteroides species structure in healthy people and mouse intestinal tracts and explored the change in major Bacteroides species during colitis development. The results demonstrated that B. uniformis with a high abundance in the intestinal tract of healthy people and mice may be a core species that contributes to colitis remission. The results of animal experiments reported that B. uniformis FNMHLBE1K1 (1K1) could alleviate the severity of colitis and enhance the expression of the tight junction protein occludin by regulating gut microbiota. Notably, the protective roles of 1K1 may be attributed to some specific genes. This study revealed that B. uniformis is a key microbe influencing the occurrence and development of colitis and it provides a scientific basis for screening the next generation of probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R China.
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Hang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R China.
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Junying Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R China.
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400712, China
| | - Leilei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R China.
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Fengwei Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R China.
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R China.
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R China.
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Wuxi Translational Medicine Research Center and Jiangsu Translational Medicine Research Institute Wuxi Branch, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R China.
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Qixiao Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R China.
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
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Shi B, Lyu CJ, Le ZK, Ji HS, Xiao Y, Zhang YY, Huang SJ, Yu LJ, Shu Q, Tou JF, Lai DM. NLRP3 activation in macrophages promotes acute intestinal injury in neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis. World J Pediatr 2024; 20:153-164. [PMID: 37389784 PMCID: PMC10884143 DOI: 10.1007/s12519-023-00727-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Macrophages are involved in various immune inflammatory disease conditions. This study aimed to investigate the role and mechanism of macrophages in regulating acute intestinal injury in neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). METHODS CD68, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain, leucine-rich repeat, and pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3), cysteine aspartate-specific protease-1 (caspase-1), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in paraffin sections of intestinal tissues from NEC and control patients were detected with immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, and western blot. Hypertonic pet milk, hypoxia and cold stimulation were used to establish a mouse (wild type and Nlrp3-/-) model of NEC. The mouse macrophage (RAW 264.7) and rat intestinal epithelial cell-6 lines were also cultured followed by various treatments. Macrophages, intestinal epithelial cell injuries, and IL-1β release were determined. RESULTS Compared to the gut "healthy" patients, the intestinal lamina propria of NEC patients had high macrophage infiltration and high NLRP3, caspase-1, and IL-1β levels. Furthermore, in vivo, the survival rate of Nlrp3-/- NEC mice was dramatically improved, the proportion of intestinal macrophages was reduced, and intestinal injury was decreased compared to those of wild-type NEC mice. NLRP3, caspase-1, and IL-1β derived from macrophages or supernatant from cocultures of macrophages and intestinal epithelial cells also caused intestinal epithelial cell injuries. CONCLUSIONS Macrophage activation may be essential for NEC development. NLRP3/caspase-1/IL-1β cellular signals derived from macrophages may be the underlying mechanism of NEC development, and all these may be therapeutic targets for developing treatments for NEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Shi
- Department of Neonatal Surgery, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, 310052, China
| | - Cheng-Jie Lyu
- Department of Neonatal Surgery, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, 310052, China
| | - Zhen-Kai Le
- Department of Neonatal Surgery, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, 310052, China
| | - Hao-Sen Ji
- Department of Neonatal Surgery, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, 310052, China
| | - Yi Xiao
- Department of Neonatal Surgery, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, 310052, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Zhang
- Department of Pulmonology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, 310052, China
| | - Shou-Jiang Huang
- Department of Neonatal Surgery, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, 310052, China
| | - Lin-Jun Yu
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, 310052, China
| | - Qiang Shu
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, 310052, China.
| | - Jin-Fa Tou
- Department of Neonatal Surgery, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, 310052, China.
| | - Deng-Ming Lai
- Department of Neonatal Surgery, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, 310052, China.
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He Q, Niu M, Bi J, Du N, Liu S, Yang K, Li H, Yao J, Du Y, Duan Y. Protective effects of a new generation of probiotic Bacteroides fragilis against colitis in vivo and in vitro. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15842. [PMID: 37740010 PMCID: PMC10517118 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42481-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteroides fragilis, one of the potential next-generation probiotics, but its protective mechanism is not yet known. We aimed to characterize the anti-inflammatory effect of B. fragilisATCC25285 and to elucidate its mechanism through in vivo and in vitro experiments. An in vitro model of inflammation by induction of colonic cells with TNF-a, and co-cultured with B. fragilis to detect cell viability, apoptosis and invasive capacity. Furthermore, critical proteins of the TLR/NF-κB pathway and the inflammatory cytokines were measured. For animal trials, C57BL/6 J male mice were orally administered B. fragilis or PBS once daily for 21 days. Colitis was induced by drinking 2.5% DSS from days 0 to 7. The mice were weighed daily and rectal bleeding, stool condition and blood in the stool were recorded. We found that B. fragilis treatment alone was harmless and had no effect on cell viability or apoptosis. While predictably TNF-α decreased cell viability and increased apoptosis, B. fragilis attenuated this deterioration. The NF-κB pathway and inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-1β activated by TNF-α were also blocked by B. fragilis. Notably, the metabolic supernatant of B. fragilis also has an anti-inflammatory effect. Animal studies showed that live B. fragilis rather than dead strain ameliorated DSS-induced colitis, as evidenced by weight loss, shortened colon length and enhanced barrier function. The colonic tissue levels of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6) were decreased and IL-10 was increased as a result of B. fragilis administration. In conclusion, B. fragilis ATCC25285 exhibited anti-inflammatory effects whether in vivo or in vitro, and it may be a potential probiotic agent for improving colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyue He
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Kunming, 650032, China
- Yunnan Province Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Min Niu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Kunming, 650032, China
- Yunnan Province Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Jiandie Bi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, China
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Na Du
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The No. 1 Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Shumin Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Kunming, 650032, China
- Yunnan Province Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Kai Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Kunming, 650032, China
- Yunnan Province Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Huanqin Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The No. 1 Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Jing Yao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The No. 1 Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Yan Du
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, China.
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Kunming, 650032, China.
- Yunnan Province Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Kunming, 650032, China.
| | - Yong Duan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, China.
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Kunming, 650032, China.
- Yunnan Province Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Kunming, 650032, China.
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Wang C, Qu W, Chen Q, Huang WY, Kang Y, Shen J. Primary nephrotic syndrome relapse within 1 year after glucocorticoid therapy in children is associated with gut microbiota composition at syndrome onset. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2023; 38:1969-1980. [PMID: 36815457 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfac328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children with primary nephrotic syndrome (PNS) who relapse after glucocorticoid therapy are shown to have a decreased total proportion of butyrate-producing bacteria in the gut at onset. Glucocorticoid treatment changes the gut microbiota composition. It is unclear whether gut microbiota at remission right after therapy and gut bacteria other than butyrate-producing bacteria are associated with PNS relapse. METHODS PNS relapse of paediatric patients within 1 year after glucocorticoid therapy was recorded. The gut microbiota composition, profiled with 16S rRNA gene V3-V4 region sequencing, was compared between relapsing and non-relapsing PNS children at onset before glucocorticoid treatment (preT group) and in PNS children at remission right after treatment (postT group), respectively. RESULTS The gut microbiota composition of postT children significantly differed from that of preT children by having lower levels of Bacteroides, Lachnoclostridium, Flavonifractor, Ruminococcaceae UBA1819, Oscillibacter, Hungatella and Coprobacillus and higher levels of Ruminococcaceae UCG-013 and Clostridium sensu stricto 1 group. In the preT group, compared with non-relapsing patients, relapsing patients showed decreased Blautia, Dialister and total proportion of butyrate-producing bacteria and increased Oscillibacter, Anaerotruncus and Ruminococcaceae UBA1819. However, relapsing and non-relapsing postT children showed no difference in gut microbiota composition. CONCLUSIONS PNS relapse-associated gut microbiota dysbiosis at onset, which includes alterations of both butyrate-producing and non-butyrate-producing bacteria, disappeared right after glucocorticoid therapy. It is necessary to study the association of the longitudinal changes in the complete profiles of gut microbiota after glucocorticoid treatment with later PNS relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenwei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Wei Qu
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Qiurong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Yan Huang
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yulin Kang
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Jian Shen
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
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Binte Abu Bakar SY, Salim M, Clulow AJ, Seibt S, Landersdorfer CB, Geddes DT, Nicholas KR, Boyd BJ. Construction of a Synthetic Colostrum Substitute and Its Protection of Intestinal Cells against Inflammation in an In Vitro Model of Necrotizing Enterocolitis. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 37480336 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c05012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Colostrum provides bioactive components that are essential for the colonization of microbiota in the infant gut, while preventing infectious diseases such as necrotizing enterocolitis. As colostrum is not always available from the mother, particularly for premature infants, effective and safe substitutes are keenly sought after by neonatologists. The benefits of bioactive factors in colostrum are recognized; however, there have been no accounts of human colostrum being studied during digestion of the lipid components or their self-assembly in gastrointestinal environments. Due to the weaker bile pool in infants than adults, evaluating the lipid composition of human colostrum and linking it to structural self-assembly behavior is important in these settings and thus enabling the formulation of substitutes for colostrum. This study is aimed at the rational design of an appropriate lipid component for a colostrum substitute and determining the ability of this formulation to reduce inflammation in intestinal cells. Gas chromatography was utilized to map lipid composition. The self-assembly of lipid components occurring during digestion of colostrum was monitored using small-angle X-ray scattering for comparison with substitute mixtures containing pure triglyceride lipids based on their abundance in colostrum. The digestion profiles of human colostrum and the substitute mixtures were similar. Subtle differences in lipid self-assembly were evident, with the substitute mixtures exhibiting additional non-lamellar phases, which were not seen for human colostrum. The difference is attributable to the distribution of free fatty acids released during digestion. The biological markers of necrotizing enterocolitis were modulated in cells that were treated with bifidobacteria cultured on colostrum substitute mixtures, compared to those treated with infant formula. These findings provide an insight into a colostrum substitute mixture that resembles human colostrum in terms of composition and structural behavior during digestion and potentially reduces some of the characteristics associated with necrotizing enterocolitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syaza Y Binte Abu Bakar
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Malinda Salim
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Andrew J Clulow
- Australian Synchrotron, ANSTO, 800 Blackburn Road, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Susanne Seibt
- Australian Synchrotron, ANSTO, 800 Blackburn Road, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Cornelia B Landersdorfer
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Donna T Geddes
- School of Molecular Science, The University of Western Australia, M310, 25 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Kevin R Nicholas
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Ben J Boyd
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 København Ø, Denmark
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9
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Yang S, Wei X, Zhong Y, Guo C, Liu X, Wang Z, Tu Y. Programmed death of intestinal epithelial cells in neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis: a mini-review. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1199878. [PMID: 37342533 PMCID: PMC10277470 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1199878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is one of the most fatal diseases in premature infants. Damage to the intestinal epithelial barrier (IEB) is an important event in the development of intestinal inflammation and the evolution of NEC. The intestinal epithelial monolayer formed by the tight arrangement of intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) constitutes the functional IEB between the organism and the extra-intestinal environment. Programmed death and regenerative repair of IECs are important physiological processes to maintain the integrity of IEB function in response to microbial invasion. However, excessive programmed death of IECs leads to increased intestinal permeability and IEB dysfunction. Therefore, one of the most fundamental questions in the field of NEC research is to reveal the pathological death process of IECs, which is essential to clarify the pathogenesis of NEC. This review focuses on the currently known death modes of IECs in NEC mainly including apoptosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, and abnormal autophagy. Furthermore, we elaborate on the prospect of targeting IECs death as a treatment for NEC based on exciting animal and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, School of Anesthesiology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Wei
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuting Zhong
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, School of Anesthesiology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Conglu Guo
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, School of Anesthesiology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinzhu Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhibin Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, School of Anesthesiology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ye Tu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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10
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Won MM, Mladenov GD, Raymond SL, Khan FA, Radulescu A. What animal model should I use to study necrotizing enterocolitis? Semin Pediatr Surg 2023; 32:151313. [PMID: 37276781 DOI: 10.1016/j.sempedsurg.2023.151313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Unfortunately, we are all too familiar with the statement: "Necrotizing enterocolitis remains the leading cause of gastrointestinal surgical emergency in preterm neonates". It's been five decades since the first animal models of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) were described. There remains much investigative work to be done on identifying various aspects of NEC, ranging from the underlying mechanisms to treatment modalities. Experimental NEC is mainly focused on a rat, mouse, and piglet models. Our aim is to not only highlight the pros and cons of these three main models, but to also present some of the less-used animal models that have contributed to the body of knowledge about NEC. Choosing an appropriate model is essential to conducting effective research and answering the questions asked. As such, this paper reviews some of the variations that come with each model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell M Won
- School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Georgi D Mladenov
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Steven L Raymond
- School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA; Division of Pediatric Surgery, Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Faraz A Khan
- School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA; Division of Pediatric Surgery, Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Andrei Radulescu
- School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA; Division of Pediatric Surgery, Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, Loma Linda, CA, USA.
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Li X, Zheng P, Cao W, Cao Y, She X, Yang H, Ma K, Wu F, Gao X, Fu Y, Yin J, Wei F, Jiang S, Cui B. Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG ameliorates noise-induced cognitive deficits and systemic inflammation in rats by modulating the gut-brain axis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1067367. [PMID: 37180445 PMCID: PMC10169735 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1067367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Environmental noise exposure is linked to neuroinflammation and imbalance of the gut microbiota. Promoting gut microbiota homeostasis may be a key factor in relieving the deleterious non-auditory effects of noise. This study aimed to investigate the effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) intervention on noise-induced cognitive deficits and systemic inflammation in rats. Methods Learning and memory were assessed using the Morris water maze, while 16S rRNA sequencing and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry were used to analyze the gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) content. Endothelial tight junction proteins and serum inflammatory mediators were assessed to explore the underlying pathological mechanisms. Results The results indicated that Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG intervention ameliorated noise-induced memory deterioration, promoted the proliferation of beneficial bacteria, inhibited the growth of harmful bacteria, improved dysregulation of SCFA-producing bacteria, and regulated SCFA levels. Mechanistically, noise exposure led to a decrease in tight junction proteins in the gut and hippocampus and an increase in serum inflammatory mediators, which were significantly alleviated by Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG intervention. Conclusion Taken together, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG intervention reduced gut bacterial translocation, restored gut and blood-brain barrier functions, and improved gut bacterial balance in rats exposed to chronic noise, thereby protecting against cognitive deficits and systemic inflammation by modulating the gut-brain axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Li
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, China
- School of Public Health and Management, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Pengfang Zheng
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, China
- School of Public Health and Management, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Wa Cao
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, China
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Yang Cao
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaojun She
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Honglian Yang
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Kefeng Ma
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Fangshan Wu
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, China
- School of Public Health and Management, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Xiujie Gao
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yu Fu
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, China
- School of Public Health and Management, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Jiayi Yin
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Fei Wei
- School of Public Health and Management, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Shoufang Jiang
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Bo Cui
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, China
- School of Public Health and Management, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
- School of Public Health and Management, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
- Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
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12
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Yang B, Xiong Z, Lin M, Yang Y, Chen Y, Zeng J, Jia X, Feng L. Astragalus polysaccharides alleviate type 1 diabetes via modulating gut microbiota in mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 234:123767. [PMID: 36812962 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a serious health problem that needs to be addressed worldwide. Astragalus polysaccharides (APS), the main chemical components of Astragali Radix, have anti-diabetic activity. As most plant polysaccharides are difficult to digest and absorb, we hypothesised that APS exert hypoglycaemic effects through the gut. This study intends to investigate the modulation of T1D associated with gut microbiota by neutral fraction of Astragalus polysaccharides (APS-1). T1D mice were induced with streptozotocin and then treated with APS-1 for 8 weeks. Fasting blood glucose levels were decreased and the insulin levels were increased in T1D mice. The results demonstrated that APS-1 improved gut barrier function by regulating ZO-1, Occludin and Claudin-1 expression, and reconstructed gut microbiota by increasing the relative abundance of Muribaculum, Lactobacillus and Faecalibaculum. In addition, APS-1 significantly increased the levels of acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid and inhibited the expression of pro-inflammatory factors IL-6 and TNF-α in T1D mice. Further exploration revealed that APS-1 alleviation of T1D may be associated with short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs)-producing bacteria, and that SCFAs binds to GPRs and HDACs proteins and modulate the inflammatory responses. In conclusion, the study supports the potential of APS-1 as a therapeutic agent for T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Yang
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Zhiwei Xiong
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Meng Lin
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Yanjun Yang
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Yaping Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Jingqi Zeng
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Xiaobin Jia
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
| | - Liang Feng
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
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Wang C, Bai J, Chen X, Song J, Zhang Y, Wang H, Suo H. Gut microbiome-based strategies for host health and disease. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-16. [PMID: 36803092 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2176464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Host health and disease are influenced by changes in the abundance and structure of intestinal flora. Current strategies are focused on regulating the structure of intestinal flora to ensure host health by alleviating disease. However, these strategies are limited by multiple factors, such as host genotype, physiology (microbiome, immunity, and gender), intervention, and diet. Accordingly, we reviewed the prospects and limitations of all strategies regulating the structure and abundance of microflora, including probiotics, prebiotics, diet, fecal microbiota transplantation, antibiotics, and phages. Some new technologies that can improve these strategies are also introduced. Compared with other strategies, diets and prebiotics are associated with reduced risk and high security. Besides, phages have the potential for application in the targeted regulation of intestinal microbiota due to their high specificity. Notably, the variability in individual microflora and their metabolic response to different interventions should be considered. Future studies should use artificial intelligence combined with multi-omics to investigate the host genome and physiology based on factors, such as blood type, dietary habits, and exercise, in order to develop individualized intervention strategies to improve host health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wang
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Junying Bai
- Citrus Research Institute, National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoyong Chen
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiajia Song
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongwei Wang
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Huayi Suo
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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14
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Li X, Chen W, Gao J, Gao W, Zhang Y, Zeng H, Zheng B. Structural changes of butyrylated lotus seed starch and its impact on the gut microbiota of rat in vitro fermentation. Food Hydrocoll 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2023.108501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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15
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Zhang W, Zhou Q, Liu H, Xu J, Huang R, Shen B, Guo Y, Ai X, Xu J, Zhao X, Liu Y, Wang Y, Zhi F. Bacteroides fragilis strain ZY-312 facilitates colonic mucosa regeneration in colitis via motivating STAT3 signaling pathway induced by IL-22 from ILC3 secretion. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1156762. [PMID: 37114045 PMCID: PMC10126674 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1156762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Probiotics play critical roles in relieving inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, the underlying mechanism of Bacteroides fragilis strain ZY-312 (B. fragilis) for colonic mucosa regeneration in IBD remains unclear. Methods The weight loss, disease activity index (DAI), colon length, and histopathology-associated index (HAI) were evaluated the therapeutic effects of B. fragilis in a DSS-induced colitis mouse model. Colonic mucosa proliferation and apoptosis level, and mucus density were detected by histological stain. Gut microbiota was sequenced by 16srRNA analysis. The expression of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) phosphorylation in colonic mucosa was detected in B. fragilis-treated mice in colitis. B. fragilis-regulated immunity factors of motivating downstream STAT3 phosphorylation were screened by ELISA and flow cytometry. Lastly, B. fragilis-mediated colonic mucosa regeneration effects were verified though the knockout of STAT3 (Stat3 △IEC) and IL-22 (IL-22-/-) in mice, and inhibitor of STAT3 and IL-22 in co-culture model. Results B. fragilis alleviated DSS-induced colitis in mice with less weight loss, DAI, colon length shortening, and HAI. Further the results showed that B. fragilis motivated STAT3 phosphorylation in colonic mucosa with the upregulation of proliferation index Ki-67 and mucus density, the downregulation of apoptosis level, and the modulation of gut microbiota through a Stat3 △IEC mice model and STAT3 inhibitor-added model in vitro. Meanhwhile we found that B. fragilis promoted IL-22 production, and increased the percentage of IL-22-secreting type 3 innate lymphocytes (ILC3) in colitis. Consequently, We identified that B. fragilis did not increase the expression of pSTAT3, either proliferation level, mucus density, or alter gut microbiota in IL-22 -/- mice. Discussion B. fragilis may indirectly motivate ILC3 to secrete IL-22, followed by IL-22-induced STAT3 phosphorylation, hence promoting colonic mucosa regeneration in colitis. It indicates that B. fragilis has the potential to be a biological agent for IBD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendi Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Institute of Gastroenterology of Guangdong Province, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Institute of Gastroenterology of Guangdong Province, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongbin Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Institute of Gastroenterology of Guangdong Province, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiahui Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruo Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Institute of Gastroenterology of Guangdong Province, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Binhai Shen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Institute of Gastroenterology of Guangdong Province, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yandong Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Institute of Gastroenterology of Guangdong Province, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiuyun Ai
- Huiqiao Medical Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Institute of Gastroenterology of Guangdong Province, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinmei Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Institute of Gastroenterology of Guangdong Province, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yangyang Liu
- Guangzhou ZhiYi Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Ye Wang
- Guangzhou ZhiYi Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Fachao Zhi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Institute of Gastroenterology of Guangdong Province, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Fachao Zhi,
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16
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Prebiotic activity of chitooligosaccharides and their ability to alleviate necrotizing enterocolitis in newborn rats. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 299:120156. [PMID: 36876780 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Chitooligosaccharides (COS) have many bioactive functions and favorable prospects in the fields of biomedicine and functional foods. In this study, COS was found to significantly improve the survival rate of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) model rats, alter the composition of the intestinal microbiota, inhibit the expression of inflammatory cytokines, and alleviate intestinal pathological injury. In addition, COS also increased the abundance of Akkermansia, Bacteroides, and Clostridium sensu stricto 1 in the intestines of normal rats (the normal rat model is more universal). The in vitro fermentation results found that COS was degraded by the human gut microbiota to promote the abundance of Clostridium sensu stricto 1 and produced numerous short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). In vitro metabolomic analysis revealed that COS catabolism was associated with significant increases in 3-hydroxybutyrate acid and γ-aminobutyric acid. This study provides evidence for the potential of COS as a prebiotic in food products and to ameliorate NEC development in neonatal rats.
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Zhou Q, Shen B, Huang R, Liu H, Zhang W, Song M, Liu K, Lin X, Chen S, Liu Y, Wang Y, Zhi F. Bacteroides fragilis strain ZY-312 promotes intestinal barrier integrity via upregulating the STAT3 pathway in a radiation-induced intestinal injury mouse model. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1063699. [PMID: 36590229 PMCID: PMC9798896 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1063699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation-induced intestinal injury is characterized by intestinal barrier impairment. However, the therapeutic effects of probiotics for intestinal epithelial barrier repair in a mouse model of radiation-induced intestinal injury remain unclear. Previously, we isolated a strain of Bacteroides fragilis from the feces of a healthy infant and named it as B. fragilis strain ZY-312 (B. fragilis). In this study, we showed that B. fragilis can ameliorate radiation-induced intestinal injury in mice, manifested by decreased weight loss, intestinal length shortening, and intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) shedding. Moreover, we found that B. fragilis promoted IEC proliferation, stem cell regeneration, mucus secretion, and tight junction integrity by upregulating the STAT3 signaling pathway, through an experimental verification in Stat3 △IEC mice (STAT3 defects in intestinal epithelial cells). Thus, the underlying protective mechanism of B. fragilis in radiation-induced intestinal injury is related to IEC proliferation, stem cell regeneration, goblet cell secretion, and tight junction repair via activation of the STAT3 signaling pathway. In addition, the therapeutic effects of B. fragilis were studied to provide new insights into its application as a functional and clinical drug for radiation-induced intestinal injury after radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Gastroenterology of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Binhai Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Gastroenterology of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruo Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Gastroenterology of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongbin Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Gastroenterology of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wendi Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Gastroenterology of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengyao Song
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Gastroenterology of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ke Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Gastroenterology of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinlong Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Gastroenterology of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuze Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Gastroenterology of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yangyang Liu
- Guangzhou Zhiyi Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Ye Wang
- Guangzhou Zhiyi Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Fachao Zhi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Gastroenterology of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Fachao Zhi, ; orcid.org/0000-0001-8674-4737
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18
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Gong W, Yang K, Zhao W, Zheng J, Yu J, Guo K, Sun X. Intestinal Gasdermins for regulation of inflammation and tumorigenesis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1052111. [PMID: 36505474 PMCID: PMC9732009 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1052111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Gasdermins (GSDMs) protein family express in intestinal epithelial cells or lamina propria immune cells, and play a nonnegligible function during gut homeostasis. With the gradually in-depth investigation of GSDMs protein family, the proteases that cleave GSDMA-E have been identified. Intestinal GSDMs-induced pyroptosis is demonstrated to play a crucial role in the removal of self-danger molecules and clearance of pathogenic organism infection by mediating inflammatory reaction and collapsing the protective niche for pathogens. Simultaneously, excessive pyroptosis leading to the release of cellular contents including inflammatory mediators into the extracellular environment, enhancing the mucosal immune response. GSDMs-driver pyroptosis also participates in a novel inflammatory cell death, PANoptosis, which makes a significant sense to the initiation and progression of gut diseases. Moreover, GSDMs are expressed in healthy intestinal tissue without obvious pyroptosis and inflammation, indicating the potential intrinsic physiological functions of GSDMs that independent of pyroptotic cell death during maintenance of intestinal homeostasis. This review provides an overview of the latest advances in the physiological and pathological properties of GSDMs, including its mediated pyroptosis, related PANoptosis, and inherent functions independent of pyroptosis, with a focus on their roles involved in intestinal inflammation and tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Gong
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kui Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jianbao Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Junhui Yu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China,*Correspondence: Junhui Yu, ; Kun Guo, ; Xuejun Sun,
| | - Kun Guo
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China,*Correspondence: Junhui Yu, ; Kun Guo, ; Xuejun Sun,
| | - Xuejun Sun
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China,*Correspondence: Junhui Yu, ; Kun Guo, ; Xuejun Sun,
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Zhang H, Duan Y, Cai F, Cao D, Wang L, Qiao Z, Hong Q, Li N, Zheng Y, Su M, Liu Z, Zhu B. Next-Generation Probiotics: Microflora Intervention to Human Diseases. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:5633403. [PMID: 36440358 PMCID: PMC9683952 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5633403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
With the development of human genome sequencing and techniques such as intestinal microbial culture and fecal microbial transplantation, newly discovered microorganisms have been isolated, cultured, and researched. Consequently, many beneficial probiotics have emerged as next-generation probiotics (NGPs). Currently, "safety," "individualized treatment," and "internal interaction within the flora" are requirements of a potential NGPs. Furthermore, in the complex ecosystem of humans and microbes, it is challenging to identify the relationship between specific strains, specific flora, and hosts to warrant a therapeutic intervention in case of a disease. Thus, this review focuses on the progress made in NGPs and human health research by elucidating the limitations of traditional probiotics; summarizing the functions and strengths of Akkermansia muciniphila, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Bacteroides fragilis, Eubacterium hallii, and Roseburia spp. as NGPs; and determining the role of their intervention in treatment of certain diseases. Finally, we aim to provide a reference for developing new probiotics in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanchang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Dairy Biotechnology, Dairy Research Institute, Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Yunfeng Duan
- Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Cai
- Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Demin Cao
- Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Dairy Biotechnology, Dairy Research Institute, Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenyi Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Dairy Biotechnology, Dairy Research Institute, Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Dairy Biotechnology, Dairy Research Institute, Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Nan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Dairy Biotechnology, Dairy Research Institute, Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanrong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Dairy Biotechnology, Dairy Research Institute, Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Miya Su
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Dairy Biotechnology, Dairy Research Institute, Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenmin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Dairy Biotechnology, Dairy Research Institute, Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Baoli Zhu
- Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Huang Y, Lin X, Yu S, Chen R, Chen W. Intestinal Engineered Probiotics as Living Therapeutics: Chassis Selection, Colonization Enhancement, Gene Circuit Design, and Biocontainment. ACS Synth Biol 2022; 11:3134-3153. [PMID: 36094344 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.2c00314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal probiotics are often used for the in situ treatment of diseases, such as metabolic disorders, tumors, and chronic inflammatory infections. Recently, there has been an increased emphasis on intelligent, customized treatments with a focus on long-term efficacy; however, traditional probiotic therapy has not kept up with this trend. The use of synthetic biology to construct gut-engineered probiotics as live therapeutics is a promising avenue in the treatment of specific diseases, such as phenylketonuria and inflammatory bowel disease. These studies generally involve a series of fundamental design issues: choosing an engineered chassis, improving the colonization ability of engineered probiotics, designing functional gene circuits, and ensuring the safety of engineered probiotics. In this review, we summarize the relevant past research, the progress of current research, and discuss the key issues that restrict the widespread application of intestinal engineered probiotic living therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Huang
- Team SZU-China at iGEM 2021, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Xiaojun Lin
- Team SZU-China at iGEM 2021, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Siyang Yu
- Team SZU-China at iGEM 2021, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Ruiyue Chen
- Team SZU-China at iGEM 2021, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Weizhao Chen
- Team SZU-China at iGEM 2021, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.,Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Microbial Gene Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
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21
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Ling N, Zhang X, Forsythe S, Zhang D, Shen Y, Zhang J, Ding Y, Wang J, Wu Q, Ye Y. Bacteroides fragilis ameliorates Cronobacter malonaticus lipopolysaccharide-induced pathological injury through modulation of the intestinal microbiota. Front Immunol 2022; 13:931871. [PMID: 36211338 PMCID: PMC9536467 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.931871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cronobacter has attracted considerable attention due to its association with meningitis and necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in newborns. Generally, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) facilitates bacterial translocation along with inflammatory responses as an endotoxin; however, the pathogenicity of Cronobacter LPS and the strategies to alleviate the toxicity were largely unknown. In this study, inflammatory responses were stimulated by intraperitoneal injection of Cronobacter malonaticus LPS into Sprague–Dawley young rats. Simultaneously, Bacteroides fragilis NCTC9343 were continuously fed through gavage for 5 days before or after injection of C. malonaticus LPS to evaluate the intervention effect of B. fragilis. We first checked the morphological changes of the ileum and colon and the intestinal microbiota and then detected the generation of inflammatory factors, including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-10 (IL-10) and the expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), occludin, claudin-4, and iNOs. The results indicated that C. malonaticus LPS exacerbated intestinal infection by altering gut microbe profile, tight junction protein expression, and releasing inflammatory factors in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Intriguingly, treatment with B. fragilis obviously diminished the pathological injuries and expression of TLR4 caused by C. malonaticus LPS while increasing gut microbes like Prevotella-9. We note that Shigella, Peptoclostridium, and Sutterella might be positively related to C. malonaticus LPS infection, but Prevotella-9 was negatively correlated. The results suggested that the intestinal microbiota is an important target for the prevention and treatment of pathogenic injuries induced by C. malonaticus LPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Ling
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiyan Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | | | - Danfeng Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Yizhong Shen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Jumei Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Ding
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingping Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yingwang Ye, ; Qingping Wu,
| | - Yingwang Ye
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yingwang Ye, ; Qingping Wu,
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22
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Wang W, Geng M, Zhu C, Huang L, Zhang Y, Zhang T, Zhao C, Zhang T, Du X, Wang N. Protective Effects and Mechanism of a Novel Probiotic Strain Ligilactobacillus salivarius YL20 against Cronobacter sakazakii-Induced Necrotizing Enterocolitis In Vitro and In Vivo. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14183827. [PMID: 36145205 PMCID: PMC9501190 DOI: 10.3390/nu14183827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to probiotics in early life contributes to host intestinal development and prevention of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Cronobacter sakazakii (C. sakazakii), an opportunistic pathogen, can cause NEC, bacteremia, and meningitis in neonates, but the research of probiotics against C. sakazakii is limited relative to other enteropathogens. Here, the protective effect and mechanism of a novel probiotic Ligilactobacillus salivarius (L. salivarius) YL20 isolated from breast milk on C. sakazakii-induced intestinal injury were explored by using two in vitro models, including an C. sakazakii-infected intestinal organoid model and intestinal barrier model, as well as an in vivo experimental animal model. Our results revealed that L. salivarius YL20 could promote epithelial cell proliferation in intestinal organoids, rescue budding-impaired organoids, prevent the decrease of mRNA levels of leucine-rich repeat containing G protein-coupled receptor 5 (Lgr5), zonula occludens-1 (Zo-1) and Occludin, and reverse C. sakazakii-induced low level of Mucin 2 (MUC2) in intestinal organoids. Additionally, YL20 could inhibit C. sakazakii invasion, increase the expression of ZO-1 and occludin in C. sakazakii-infected HT-29 cells, and reverse TEER decrease and corresponding permeability increase across C. sakazakii-infected Caco-2 monolayers. Furthermore, YL20 administration could alleviate NEC in C. sakazakii-infected neonatal mice by increasing the mice survival ratio, decreasing pathology scores, and downregulating pro-inflammatory cytokines. Meanwhile, YL20 could also enhance intestinal barrier function in vivo by increasing the number of goblet cells, the level of MUC-2 and the expression of ZO-1. Our overall findings demonstrated for the first time the beneficial effects of L. salivarius YL20 against C. sakazakii-induced NEC by improving intestinal stem cell function and enhancing intestinal barrier integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiming Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Correspondence: (W.W.); (N.W.); Tel.: +86-451-55665478 (W.W.); +86-22-60602099 (N.W.)
| | - Meng Geng
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education and Tianjin, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
- Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Microbial Metabolism and Fermentation Process Control, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Caixia Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education and Tianjin, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
- Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Microbial Metabolism and Fermentation Process Control, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Lei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education and Tianjin, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
- Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Microbial Metabolism and Fermentation Process Control, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education and Tianjin, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
- Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Microbial Metabolism and Fermentation Process Control, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Tengxun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education and Tianjin, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
- Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Microbial Metabolism and Fermentation Process Control, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Chongjie Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education and Tianjin, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
- Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Microbial Metabolism and Fermentation Process Control, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Tongcun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education and Tianjin, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
- Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Microbial Metabolism and Fermentation Process Control, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Xinjun Du
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Nan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education and Tianjin, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
- Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Microbial Metabolism and Fermentation Process Control, Tianjin 300457, China
- Correspondence: (W.W.); (N.W.); Tel.: +86-451-55665478 (W.W.); +86-22-60602099 (N.W.)
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23
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Zhang C, Ma K, Nie K, Deng M, Luo W, Wu X, Huang Y, Wang X. Assessment of the safety and probiotic properties of Roseburia intestinalis: A potential “Next Generation Probiotic”. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:973046. [PMID: 36160246 PMCID: PMC9493362 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.973046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Roseburia intestinalis is an anaerobic bacterium that produces butyric acid and belongs to the phylum Firmicutes. There is increasing evidence that this bacterium has positive effects on several diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease, atherosclerosis, alcoholic fatty liver, colorectal cancer, and metabolic syndrome, making it a potential “Next Generation Probiotic.” We investigated the genomic characteristics, probiotic properties, cytotoxicity, oral toxicity, colonization characteristics of the bacterium, and its effect on the gut microbiota. The genome contains few genes encoding virulence factors, three clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) sequences, two Cas genes, no toxic biogenic amine synthesis genes, and several essential amino acid and vitamin synthesis genes. Seven prophages and 41 genomic islands were predicted. In addition to a bacteriocin (Zoocin A), the bacterium encodes four metabolic gene clusters that synthesize short-chain fatty acids and 222 carbohydrate-active enzyme modules. This bacterium is sensitive to antibiotics specified by the European Food Safety Authority, does not exhibit hemolytic or gelatinase activity, and exhibits some acid resistance. R. intestinalis adheres to intestinal epithelial cells and inhibits the invasion of certain pathogens. In vitro experiments showed that the bacterium was not cytotoxic. R. intestinalis did not affect the diversity or abundance of the gut flora. Using the fluorescent labelling method, we discovered that R. intestinalis colonizes the cecum and mucus of the colon. An oral toxicity study did not reveal any obvious adverse effects. The lethal dose (LD)50 of R. intestinalis exceeded 1.9 × 109 colony forming units (CFU)/kg, whereas the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) derived from this study was 1.32 × 109 CFU/kg/day for 28 days. The current research shows that, R. intestinalis is a suitable next-generation probiotic considering its probiotic properties and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Kejia Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Kai Nie
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Minzi Deng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Weiwei Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xing Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yujun Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoyan Wang,
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24
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Cheng J, Hu J, Geng F, Nie S. Bacteroides utilization for dietary polysaccharides and their beneficial effects on gut health. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2022.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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25
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Chen Z, Tang Z, Kong J, Chen L, Liu J, Li Y, Huang W, Li W, Wu J, Zhao W, Meng X, Fan H. Lactobacillus casei SYF-08 Protects Against Pb-Induced Injury in Young Mice by Regulating Bile Acid Metabolism and Increasing Pb Excretion. Front Nutr 2022; 9:914323. [PMID: 35845769 PMCID: PMC9278719 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.914323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pb poisoning affects infant growth and development. However, dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) as the current therapy for Pb poisoning exerts relatively significant toxic side effects in infants. Therefore, identifying a non-toxic treatment in this regard is particularly important. In this study, we aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect of an infant feces-derived probiotic strain, Lactobacillus casei SYF-08 (SYF-08), on Pb poisoning in young mice. The Pb levels in the organisms were detected via inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, while the therapeutic effect of SYF-08 on Pb-induced neural system damage was explored via the Morris water maze test, hematoxylin-eosin staining, and immunohistochemistry. Additionally, the molecular mechanisms underlying the protective effects of SYF-08 against Pb-induced intestinal damage were also explored via histological staining, 16S rRNA sequencing, untargeted metabolomics, qRT-PCR, and western blotting. In vivo experiments revealed that SYF-08 reduced blood and bone Pb levels and increased urinary Pb excretion. Additionally, SYF-08 alleviated Pb-induced pathological damage to the brain and ultimately improved the learning and cognitive abilities of the young mice. This treatment also restored intestinal microflora dysbiosis, regulated bile acid metabolism, and inhibited the FXR-NLRP3 signaling pathway. It also resulted in fewer adverse events than the DMSA treatment. In conclusion, our results provided valuable insights into the therapeutic role of SYF-08 in Pb poisoning and also suggested that its administration can significantly alleviate the Pb-induced damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhui Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziyu Tang
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Kong
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lixuan Chen
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaxin Liu
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunting Li
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wanwen Huang
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wendan Li
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junlin Wu
- Guangdong Huankai Microbial Science and Technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- BSL-3 Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojing Meng
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongying Fan
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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26
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Luan C, Jiang N, Zhou X, Zhang C, Zhao Y, Li Z, Li C. Antibacterial and anti-biofilm activities of probiotic Lactobacillus curvatus BSF206 and Pediococcus pentosaceus AC1-2 against Streptococcus mutans. Microb Pathog 2022; 164:105446. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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27
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Du G, Bai F, Zhan X, Zhang W, Tong J, Wang Y, Xia X, Shi C. Citral mitigates inflammation of Caco-2 cells induced by Cronobacter sakazakii. Food Funct 2022; 13:3540-3550. [DOI: 10.1039/d2fo00098a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore the anti-inflammatory effect and mechanism of citral in Cronobacter sakazakii-stimulated Caco-2 cells. Safe doses of citral were first determined in Caco-2 cells....
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28
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Cai L, Lai D, Gao J, Wu H, Shi B, Ji H, Tou J. The role and mechanisms of miRNA in neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:1053965. [PMID: 36518784 PMCID: PMC9742607 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.1053965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), the most significant causes of neonatal mortality, is a disease of acute intestinal inflammation. At present, it is not clear exactly how the disease is caused, but it has been suggested that this disorder is a result of a complex interaction among prematurity, enteral feeding and inappropriate pro-inflammation response and bacterial infection of the intestine. A microRNA (miRNA) is a class of endogenous non-coding single-stranded RNA that is about 23 nucleotides long engaging in the regulation of the gene expression. Recently, numerous studies have determined that abnormal miRNA expression plays important roles in various diseases, including NEC. Here, we summarized the role of miRNAs in NEC. We introduce the biosynthetic and function of miRNAs and then describe the possible mechanisms of miRNAs in the initiation and development of NEC, including their influence on the intestinal epithelial barrier's function and regulation of the inflammatory process. Finally, this review aids in a comprehensive understanding of the current miRNA to accurately predict the diagnosis of NEC and provide ideas to find potential therapeutic targets of miRNA for NEC. In conclusion, our aims are to highlight the close relationship between miRNAs and NEC and to summarize the practical value of developing diagnostic biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets of NEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linghao Cai
- Department of Neonatal Surgery, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dengming Lai
- Department of Neonatal Surgery, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiafang Gao
- Department of Neonatal Surgery, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Neonatal Surgery, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bo Shi
- Department of Neonatal Surgery, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haosen Ji
- Department of Neonatal Surgery, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinfa Tou
- Department of Neonatal Surgery, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
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29
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Zeng Z, Xie Z, Chen G, Sun Y, Zeng X, Liu Z. Anti-inflammatory and gut microbiota modulatory effects of polysaccharides from Fuzhuan brick tea on colitis in mice induced by dextran sulfate sodium. Food Funct 2021; 13:649-663. [PMID: 34932051 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo02702f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the effects of crude Fuzhuan brick tea polysaccharides (CFBTPS) and their purified fraction (FBTPS-3) on colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in mice were investigated. Both CFBTPS and FBTPS-3 exhibited intestinal anti-inflammatory activities, including restoring body weight, colon length and solid fecal weight, and decreasing the disease activity index score in mice. Moreover, the expression of lipocalin-2 in colitis could be significantly reduced. The inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β, IFN-γ and TNF-α) and lipopolysaccharides in the serum and the expression of inflammation-related mRNA in the colon tissue were decreased. Both CFBTPS and FBTPS-3 could increase tight junction proteins (Occludin, Claudin-1 and ZO-1), promoting the intestinal barrier function. For gut microbiota, DSS treatment resulted in abnormal proliferation of Bifidobacteria, while FBTPS-3 could restore this disorder to a certain extent. In addition, FBPTS-3 promoted the growth of probiotics such as Bacteroides, Parasutterella and Collinsella. Both CFBTPS and FBTPS-3 could attenuate colitis; what's more, FBTPS-3 exhibited a better anti-inflammatory effect than CFBTPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Zeng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Zhiyong Xie
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Guijie Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yi Sun
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xiaoxiong Zeng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Zhonghua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Tea Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China. .,National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Changsha 410128, China
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30
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Fan G, Wasuwanich P, Rodriguez-Otero MR, Furst AL. Protection of Anaerobic Microbes from Processing Stressors Using Metal-Phenolic Networks. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 144:2438-2443. [PMID: 34886663 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c09018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The gut microbiome is essential to maintain overall health and prevent disease, which can occur when these microbes are not in homeostasis. Microbial biotherapeutics are important to combat these issues, but they must be alive at the time of delivery for efficacy. Many potentially therapeutic species are anaerobes and thus are difficult to manufacture because of the limited efficacy of existing protective methods, making their production nearly impossible. We have developed a self-assembling cellular coating to improve the viability and stability of the next-generation biotherapeutic Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron. We show protection from both harsh processing conditions and oxygen exposure, even in the absence of canonical cryoprotectants. This advance will increase the range of microbes that can be stably manufactured and facilitate the development of emerging strains of interest by ensuring their postproduction viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Fan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Pris Wasuwanich
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Mariela R Rodriguez-Otero
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.,Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez 00681, Puerto Rico
| | - Ariel L Furst
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.,Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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31
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Chen YF, Hsieh AH, Wang LC, Huang YJ, Yun-Chen Tsai, Tseng WY, Kuo YL, Luo SF, Yu KH, Kuo CF. Fecal microbiota changes in NZB/W F1 mice after induction of lupus disease. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22953. [PMID: 34824318 PMCID: PMC8616951 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02422-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The association between the gut microbiota and the development of lupus is unclear. We investigated alterations in the gut microbiota after induction of lupus in a murine model using viral peptide of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV). Three treatment arms for the animals were prepared: intraperitoneal injection of HCMVpp65 peptide, adjuvant alone, and PBS injection. Feces were collected before and after lupus induction biweekly for 16S rRNA sequencing. HCMVpp65 peptide immunization induced lupus-like effects, with higher levels of anti-dsDNA antibodies, creatinine, proteinuria, and glomerular damage, compared with mice treated with nothing or adjuvant only. The Simpson diversity value was higher in mice injected with HCMVpp65 peptide, but there was no difference in ACE or Chao1 among the three groups. Statistical analysis of metagenomic profiles showed a higher abundance of various families (Saccharimonadaceae, Marinifiaceae, and Desulfovibrionaceae) and genera (Candidatus Saccharimonas, Roseburia, Odoribacter, and Desulfovibrio) in HCMVpp65 peptide-treated mice. Significant correlations between increased abundances of related genera (Candidatus Saccharimonas, Roseburia, Odoribacter, and Desulfovibrio) and HCMVpp65 peptide immunization-induced lupus-like effects were observed. This study provides insight into the changes in the gut microbiota after lupus onset in a murine model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Fu Chen
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ao-Ho Hsieh
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Lian-Chin Wang
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Ju Huang
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Chen Tsai
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yi Tseng
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Lun Kuo
- Biotools Co., Ltd, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Shue-Fen Luo
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Hui Yu
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Fu Kuo
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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Kasti AN, Synodinou KD, Pyrousis IA, Nikolaki MD, Triantafyllou KD. Probiotics Regulating Inflammation via NLRP3 Inflammasome Modulation: A Potential Therapeutic Approach for COVID-19. Microorganisms 2021; 9:2376. [PMID: 34835501 PMCID: PMC8624812 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9112376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammasomes are cytoplasmic multiprotein complexes formed by the host's immune system as a response to microbial infection and cellular damage. Many studies have revealed various regulators of NOD-, LRR-, and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation, while it has been recently shown that NLRP3 is implicated in COVID-19 pathogenesis. At the same time, probiotics counteract the inflammatory process and modulate cytokine release, thus influencing both innate and adaptive immune systems. Herein, we review the immunomodulatory potential of probiotics on the assembly of NLRP3 inflammasome, as well as the pathophysiological mechanisms supporting the use of probiotic bacteria for SARS-CoV-2 infection management, presenting evidence from preclinical studies of the last decade: in vivo, ex vivo, and mixed trials. Data show that probiotics intake is related to NLRP3 inflammasome attenuation and lower levels of inflammation markers, highlighting the beneficial effects of probiotics on inflammatory conditions. Currently, none of the ongoing clinical trials evaluating the effectiveness of probiotics intake in humans with COVID-19 has been completed. However, evidence from preclinical studies indicates that probiotics may block virus invasion and replication through their metabolites, bacteriocins, and their ability to block Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2), and by stimulating the immune response through NLRP3 inflammasome regulation. In this review, the beneficial effects of probiotics in the inflammatory process through NLRP3 inflammasome attenuation are presented. Furthermore, probiotics may target SARS-CoV-2 both by blocking virus invasion and replication and by stimulating the immune response through NLRP3 inflammasome regulation. Heterogeneity of the results-due to, among others, different bacterial strains and their metabolites, forms, dosage, and experimental designs-indicates the need for more extensive research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arezina N. Kasti
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Attikon University General Hospital, 12462 Athens, Greece; (A.N.K.); (K.D.S.); (I.A.P.); (M.D.N.)
| | - Kalliopi D. Synodinou
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Attikon University General Hospital, 12462 Athens, Greece; (A.N.K.); (K.D.S.); (I.A.P.); (M.D.N.)
| | - Ioannis A. Pyrousis
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Attikon University General Hospital, 12462 Athens, Greece; (A.N.K.); (K.D.S.); (I.A.P.); (M.D.N.)
- Medical School, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Maroulla D. Nikolaki
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Attikon University General Hospital, 12462 Athens, Greece; (A.N.K.); (K.D.S.); (I.A.P.); (M.D.N.)
| | - Konstantinos D. Triantafyllou
- Hepatogastroenterology Unit, 2nd Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University General Hospital, 12462 Athens, Greece
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Zhou Y, Wang B, Wang Q, Tang L, Zou P, Zeng Z, Zhang H, Gong L, Li W. Protective Effects of Lactobacillus plantarum Lac16 on Clostridium perfringens Infection-Associated Injury in IPEC-J2 Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212388. [PMID: 34830269 PMCID: PMC8620398 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens) causes intestinal injury through overgrowth and the secretion of multiple toxins, leading to diarrhea and necrotic enteritis in animals, including pigs, chickens, and sheep. This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of Lactobacillus plantarum (L. plantarum) Lac16 on C. perfringens infection-associated injury in intestinal porcine epithelial cell line (IPEC-J2). The results showed that L. plantarum Lac16 significantly inhibited the growth of C. perfringens, which was accompanied by a decrease in pH levels. In addition, L. plantarum Lac16 significantly elevated the mRNA expression levels of host defense peptides (HDPs) in IPEC-J2 cells, decreased the adhesion of C. perfringens to IPEC-J2 cells, and attenuated C. perfringens-induced cellular cytotoxicity and intestinal barrier damage. Furthermore, L. plantarum Lac16 significantly suppressed C. perfringens-induced gene expressions of proinflammatory cytokines and pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) in IPEC-J2 cells. Moreover, L. plantarum Lac16 preincubation effectively inhibited the phosphorylation of p65 caused by C. perfringens infection. Collectively, probiotic L. plantarum Lac16 exerts protective effects against C. perfringens infection-associated injury in IPEC-J2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China) of the Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Sciences, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Y.Z.); (B.W.); (Q.W.); (L.T.); (P.Z.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Baikui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China) of the Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Sciences, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Y.Z.); (B.W.); (Q.W.); (L.T.); (P.Z.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Qi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China) of the Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Sciences, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Y.Z.); (B.W.); (Q.W.); (L.T.); (P.Z.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Li Tang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China) of the Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Sciences, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Y.Z.); (B.W.); (Q.W.); (L.T.); (P.Z.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Peng Zou
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China) of the Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Sciences, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Y.Z.); (B.W.); (Q.W.); (L.T.); (P.Z.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Zihan Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China) of the Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Sciences, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Y.Z.); (B.W.); (Q.W.); (L.T.); (P.Z.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Huihua Zhang
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China;
| | - Li Gong
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China) of the Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Sciences, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Y.Z.); (B.W.); (Q.W.); (L.T.); (P.Z.); (Z.Z.)
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China;
- Correspondence: (L.G.); (W.L.)
| | - Weifen Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China) of the Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Sciences, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Y.Z.); (B.W.); (Q.W.); (L.T.); (P.Z.); (Z.Z.)
- Correspondence: (L.G.); (W.L.)
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Wang C, Li S, Hong K, Yu L, Tian F, Zhao J, Zhang H, Chen W, Zhai Q. The roles of different Bacteroides fragilis strains in protecting against DSS-induced ulcerative colitis and related functional genes. Food Funct 2021; 12:8300-8313. [PMID: 34308455 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo00875g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The role of supplementation with different Bacteroides fragilis (B. fragilis) strains in alleviating ulcerative colitis (UC) is unclear due to the controversial results from animal experiments. In this study, three B. fragilis strains were evaluated for their ability to alleviate dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced UC in C57BL/6J mice. We analyzed the anti-inflammatory effects of different B. fragilis strains and the changes they caused in the intestinal microbiota composition, intestinal epithelial permeability, cytokine concentrations, protein expression of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) and the underlying specific genes. The results showed that when orally administered, the different B. fragilis strains exerted different effects on the assessed parameters of the mice. The results of real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunofluorescence staining showed that the supplementation of B. fragilis FSHCM14E1, but not FJSWX11BF, enhanced the expression of the tight-junction proteins ZO-1, occludin and claudin-1. Western blot analysis showed that the anti-inflammatory effects of B. fragilis FSHCM14E1 were related to the NF-κB pathway. Genomic analysis suggested that the anti-inflammatory effects of FSHCM14E1 may be mediated through specific genes associated with defense mechanisms and the secretion of SCFAs. Overall, this study indicates the therapeutic potential of B. fragilis FSHCM14E1 for the prevention of UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China. and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Sijia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China. and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Kan Hong
- Wuxi People's Hospital Afliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214023, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Leilei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China. and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Fengwei Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China. and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China. and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China. and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China and National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China and Wuxi Translational Medicine Research Center and Jiangsu Translational Medicine Research Institute Wuxi Branch 214122, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China. and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China and National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Qixiao Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China. and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
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Ji X, Lu P, Hu Y, Xue J, Wu J, Zhang B, Zhang Y, Dong L, Lv H, Wang S. Function Characterization of Endogenous Plasmids in Cronobacter sakazakii and Identification of p-Coumaric Acid as Plasmid-Curing Agent. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:687243. [PMID: 34248908 PMCID: PMC8267800 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.687243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Virulence traits and antibiotic resistance are frequently provided by genes located on plasmids. However, experimental verification of the functions of these genes is often lacking due to a lack of related experimental technology. In the present study, an integrated suicide vector was used to efficiently and specifically delete a bacterial endogenous plasmid in Cronobacter sakazakii. The pESA3 plasmid was removed from C. sakazakii BAA-894, and we confirmed that this plasmid contributes to the invasion and virulence of this strain. In addition, the pGW1 plasmid was expunged from C. sakazakii GZcsf-1, and we confirmed that this plasmid confers multidrug resistance. We further screened plasmid-curing agents and found that p-coumaric acid had a remarkable effect on the curing of pESA3 and pGW1 at sub-inhibitory concentrations. Our study investigated the contribution of endogenous plasmids pESA3 and pGW1 by constructing plasmid-cured strains using suicide vectors and suggested that p-coumaric acid can be a safe and effective plasmid-curing agent for C. sakazakii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemeng Ji
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ping Lu
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical Collage, Tianjin, China
| | - Yaozhong Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Juan Xue
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Bowei Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lu Dong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Huan Lv
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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Zhou A, Wang L, Zhang J, Yang X, Ou Z, Zhao L. Survival of viable but nonculturable Cronobacter sakazakii in macrophages contributes to infections. Microb Pathog 2021; 158:105064. [PMID: 34171399 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.105064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Cronobacter sakazakii (C. sakazakii), a pathogen that exists in dry and low-moisture environments, such as powder infant formula (PIF), can enter a viable but nonculturable (VBNC) state under harsh conditions, which enables it to escape traditional detection methods and thus poses a potential public health risk. This study aimed at assessing the virulent nature of VBNC C. sakazakii. Our results showed that VBNC C. sakazakii induced intestinal inflammation in neonatal rats. However, the degree of inflammation was significantly lower than that of culturable bacteria due to decreasing endotoxin production, motility, adhesion, and invasion ability in the VBNC state. From the perspective of bacterial translocation, the numbers of C. sakazakii in the blood, liver, and spleen of rats treated with VBNC cells were in the same order of magnitude as those treated with its culturable counterpart and may lead to the same degree of bacteremia. According to the macrophage survival assays, the survival rate of VBNC C. sakazakii within macrophages was 4.7 times higher than that of culturable cells. Based on these findings, we hypothesize that VBNC C. sakazakii evaded the host immune defense system, penetrated the tissue barrier, and translocated to the bloodstream, liver, and spleen through macrophages. Thus, our study reveals that VBNC C. sakazakii could be a potential risk for infants' health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aidi Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Wu Shan Road 483, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Li Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Wu Shan Road 483, Guangzhou 510642, PR China.
| | - Jingfeng Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Wu Shan Road 483, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Xiaoqing Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Wu Shan Road 483, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Zhihua Ou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Wu Shan Road 483, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Lichao Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Wu Shan Road 483, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong, PR China.
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de Lange IH, van Gorp C, Eeftinck Schattenkerk LD, van Gemert WG, Derikx JPM, Wolfs TGAM. Enteral Feeding Interventions in the Prevention of Necrotizing Enterocolitis: A Systematic Review of Experimental and Clinical Studies. Nutrients 2021; 13:1726. [PMID: 34069699 PMCID: PMC8161173 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), which is characterized by severe intestinal inflammation and in advanced stages necrosis, is a gastrointestinal emergency in the neonate with high mortality and morbidity. Despite advancing medical care, effective prevention strategies remain sparse. Factors contributing to the complex pathogenesis of NEC include immaturity of the intestinal immune defense, barrier function, motility and local circulatory regulation and abnormal microbial colonization. Interestingly, enteral feeding is regarded as an important modifiable factor influencing NEC pathogenesis. Moreover, breast milk, which forms the currently most effective prevention strategy, contains many bioactive components that are known to support neonatal immune development and promote healthy gut colonization. This systematic review describes the effect of different enteral feeding interventions on the prevention of NEC incidence and severity and the effect on pathophysiological mechanisms of NEC, in both experimental NEC models and clinical NEC. Besides, pathophysiological mechanisms involved in human NEC development are briefly described to give context for the findings of altered pathophysiological mechanisms of NEC by enteral feeding interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilse H. de Lange
- European Surgical Center Aachen/Maastricht, Department of Pediatric Surgery, School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism (NUTRIM), 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands; (I.H.d.L.); (W.G.v.G.)
- Department of Surgery, School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Oncology and Developmental Biology (GROW), Maastricht University, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands;
| | - Charlotte van Gorp
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Oncology and Developmental Biology (GROW), Maastricht University, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands;
| | - Laurens D. Eeftinck Schattenkerk
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (L.D.E.S.); (J.P.M.D.)
| | - Wim G. van Gemert
- European Surgical Center Aachen/Maastricht, Department of Pediatric Surgery, School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism (NUTRIM), 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands; (I.H.d.L.); (W.G.v.G.)
- Department of Surgery, School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Joep P. M. Derikx
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (L.D.E.S.); (J.P.M.D.)
| | - Tim G. A. M. Wolfs
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Oncology and Developmental Biology (GROW), Maastricht University, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands;
- Department of Biomedical Engineering (BMT), School for Cardiovascular Diseases (CARIM), Maastricht University, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Zong L, Li C, Zhong Y, Shi J, Yuan Z, Wang X. FTIR microspectroscopic investigation of Lactobacillus paracasei apoptosis induced by cisplatin. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 252:119542. [PMID: 33581574 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.119542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that bacteria can also undergo apoptosis, which has gradually attracted researchers' attention. Cisplatin is a first-line drug to treat several cancers, but it can damage beneficial bacteria. Hence it is very important to explore the damage mechanism of cisplatin on beneficial bacteria. In this study, Lactobacillus paracasei, one kind of beneficial bacteria, was used as the model to investigate cisplatin damage. Conventional detection showed that cisplatin induced the apoptosis of Lactobacillus paracasei. Then Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) microspectroscopy was used to detect biomacromolecular changes in Lactobacillus paracasei apoptosis, and the following results were obtained: ① Second derivative IR spectra showed the changes of DNA, proteins, polysaccharides and lipids; ② Peak-area ratios suggested the changes of the protein and lipid structure and the decrease of DNA content; ③ Principal component analysis (PCA) further revealed significant changes in the DNA and protein content/structure. This study may have a new insight into the adverse reaction mechanism of cisplatin on Lactobacillus, moreover, it suggests that FTIR microspectroscopy may be a useful supplementary tool for investigating bacterial apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zong
- Department of Chemistry, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, China
| | - Yang Zhong
- Department of Radiotherapy, Anhui No.2 Provincial People's Hospital, Hefei, Anhui 230011, China
| | - Jie Shi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Zhanyuan Yuan
- The Second Clinical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China.
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Gu Y, Zhang Y, Li M, Huang Z, Jiang J, Chen Y, Chen J, Jia Y, Zhang L, Zhou F. Ferulic Acid Ameliorates Atherosclerotic Injury by Modulating Gut Microbiota and Lipid Metabolism. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:621339. [PMID: 33841148 PMCID: PMC8026864 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.621339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a leading cause of death worldwide. Recent studies have emphasized the significance of gut microbiota and lipid metabolism in the development of atherosclerosis. Herein, the effects and molecular mechanisms involving ferulic acid (FA) was examined in atherosclerosis using the ApoE-knockout (ApoE-∕-, c57BL/6 background) mouse model. Eighteen male ApoE-/- mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks and then randomly divided into three groups: the model group, the FA (40 mg/kg/day) group and simvastatin (5 mg/kg/day) group. As results, FA could significantly alleviate atherosclerosis and regulate lipid levels in mice. Liver injury and hepatocyte steatosis induced by HFD were also mitigated by FA. FA improved lipid metabolism involving up-regulation of AMPKα phosphorylation and down-regulation of SREBP1 and ACC1 expression. Furthermore, FA induced marked structural changes in the gut microbiota and fecal metabolites and specifically reduced the relative abundance of Fimicutes, Erysipelotrichaceae and Ileibacterium, which were positively correlated with serum lipid levels in atherosclerosis mice. In conclusion, we demonstrate that FA could significantly ameliorate atherosclerotic injury, which may be partly by modulating gut microbiota and lipid metabolism via the AMPKα/SREBP1/ACC1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyan Gu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaxin Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mei Li
- VIP Healthcare Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiyong Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Jiang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yihao Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junqi Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuhua Jia
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lihua Zhang
- Department of Gynaecology, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fenghua Zhou
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Prevotella-rich enterotype may benefit gut health in finishing pigs fed diet with a high amylose-to-amylopectin ratio. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 7:400-411. [PMID: 34258428 PMCID: PMC8245826 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2020.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the influence of baseline enterotypes and dietary starch type on the concentration of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), numbers of butyrate producing bacteria and the expression of genes related to intestinal barrier and inflammatory response in the colon of finishing pigs, a 60-d in vivo trial was conducted. A 2-wk pre-trial with 102 crossbred (Duroc × [Landrace × Yorkshire]) finishing barrows (90 d old) was conducted to screen enterotypes. Then, a total of 32 pigs (87.40 ± 2.76 kg) with high (HPBR, ≥ 14) and low (LPBR, ≤ 2) Prevotella-to-Bacteroides ratios (PBR) in equal measure were selected and randomly divided into 4 groups with 8 replicates per group and 1 pig per replicate. The trial was designed following a 2 (PBR) × 2 (amylose-to-amylopectin ratio, AMR) factorial arrangement. Pigs with different PBR were fed diets based on corn-soybean meal with high AMR (HAMR, 1.24) or low AMR (LAMR, 0.23), respectively. Results showed that neither PBR nor AMR influenced the growth performance of pigs. HPBR pigs fed HAMR diet had a higher number of colonic Clostridium cluster XIVa and higher gene expression of butyrate kinase compared to the LPBR pigs (P < 0.05). The HPBR pigs fed HAMR diets also had increased colonic concentrations of total SCFA and propionate compared to the LPBR pigs (P < 0.05). Comparing with other pigs, HPBR pigs fed HAMR diets showed a lower (P < 0.05) expression of histone deacetylases (HDAC) gene and higher (P < 0.05) expression of G protein-coupled receptor 43 gene (GPR 43) in the colonic mucosa. The interaction (P < 0.05) of HPBR and HAMR was also found to decrease the gene expression of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-12, IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in colonic mucosa. These findings show that HAMR diet increased the abundance and activity of butyrate-producing bacteria and the concentration and absorption of SCFA, which may be associated with the decreased gene expression of inflammatory cytokines in the colonic mucosa of pigs with Prevotella-rich enterotype. All these alterations are likely to have a positive effect on the intestinal health of finishing pigs.
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Chen J, Chen T, Zhou J, Zhao X, Sheng Q, Lv Z. MiR-146a-5p Mimic Inhibits NLRP3 Inflammasome Downstream Inflammatory Factors and CLIC4 in Neonatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:594143. [PMID: 33585442 PMCID: PMC7876392 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.594143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a gastrointestinal emergency with a severe inflammation storm, intestinal necrosis, and perforation. MicroRNA-146a-5p (miR-146a-5p) has been reported to be a valuable anti-inflammatory factor in various intestinal inflammatory disorders. However, the role of miR-146a-5p in NEC, its effects on nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, and its downstream inflammatory factors remain unknown. This study aimed to investigate the role of miR-146a-5p and NLRP3 inflammasome and its downstream inflammatory factors in NEC development. Methods: The expression levels of miR-146a and NLRP3 inflammasome were investigated in intestinal tissues. Next, the mechanism by which miR-146a-5p regulates NLRP3 inflammasome activation was explored in vitro in THP-1 cells. Finally, to identify the effects of miR-146a-5p on NEC in vivo, NEC mice were transinfected with miR-146a-5p overexpression adenovirus before the occurrence of NEC. Results: NLRP3 inflammasome enzymatic protein caspase-1 and its downstream inflammatory factors increased in NEC intestinal samples in both humans and mice, and miR-146a-5p expression level was increased and mainly expressed in the macrophages of the affected intestine. In vitro, only miR-146a-5p mimic inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome downstream inflammatory factors and its upstream protein chloride intracellular channel protein 4 (CLIC4) expression in cellular membrane in the THP-1 cell line, and this only occurred under mild/moderate LPS concentration. MiR-146a-5p overexpression adenovirus transfection reduced CLIC4 cellular membrane expression and inhibited NLRP3 downstream factors increasing in vivo. After the transfection of miR-146a-5p adenovirus, the survival rate of NEC mice was increased, and intestinal injury was ameliorated. Conclusion: MiR-146a-5p inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome downstream inflammatory factors and CLIC4 membrane expression in NEC. Additionally, miR-146a-5p could attenuate inflammation and intestinal injury in the NEC-affected intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianglong Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tong Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiuhao Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingfeng Sheng
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhibao Lv
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Ke A, Parreira VR, Goodridge L, Farber JM. Current and Future Perspectives on the Role of Probiotics, Prebiotics, and Synbiotics in Controlling Pathogenic Cronobacter Spp. in Infants. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:755083. [PMID: 34745060 PMCID: PMC8567173 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.755083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cronobacter species, in particular C. sakazakii, is an opportunistic bacterial pathogen implicated in the development of potentially debilitating illnesses in infants (<12months old). The combination of a poorly developed immune system and gut microbiota put infants at a higher risk of infection compared to other age groups. Probiotics and prebiotics are incorporated in powdered infant formula and, in addition to strengthening gut physiology and stimulating the growth of commensal gut microbiota, have proven antimicrobial capabilities. Postbiotics in the cell-free supernatant of a microbial culture are derived from probiotics and can also exert health benefits. Synbiotics, a mixture of probiotics and prebiotics, may provide further advantages as probiotics and gut commensals degrade prebiotics into short-chain fatty acids that can provide benefits to the host. Cell-culture and animal models have been widely used to study foodborne pathogens, but sophisticated gut models have been recently developed to better mimic the gut conditions, thus giving a more accurate representation of how various treatments can affect the survival and pathogenicity of foodborne pathogens. This review aims to summarize the current understanding on the connection between Cronobacter infections and infants, as well as highlight the potential efficacy of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics in reducing invasive Cronobacter infections during early infancy.
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Zheng L, Luo M, Kuang G, Liu Y, Liang D, Huang H, Yi X, Wang C, Wang Y, Xie Q, Zhi F. Capsular Polysaccharide From Bacteroides fragilis Protects Against Ulcerative Colitis in an Undegraded Form. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:570476. [PMID: 33364945 PMCID: PMC7751226 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.570476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The prominent human symbiont Bacteroides fragilis protects animals from intestinal diseases, such as ulcerative colitis, and its capsular polysaccharide plays a key role in reducing inflammation. B. fragilis strain ZY-312 was isolated from the feces of a healthy breast-fed infant, and the zwitterionic capsular polysaccharide zwitterionic polysaccharide, TP2, was extracted. In rats with 2,4-dinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (DNBS)-induced enteritis, TP2 at an optimal dose of 2.5 mg/kg could significantly alleviate enteritis and reduced the degree of intestinal adhesions, the intestinal ulcer area, and the incidence of ulcers in rats. To understand the underlying mechanism, TP2 was labeled with Fluorescein isothiocyanate and orally administered at a dose of 2.5 mg/kg in rats. TP2 was mainly distributed in the cecum and colorectum, but it was not detected in the blood and other organs except that a compound with a molecular weight greater than that of TP2-FITC was found in liver tissue. During the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion, TP2 was indigestible. These results were further confirmed by investigation in the simulated gastric, intestinal fluid, and colonic fluid with fecal microbiota in vitro, where TP2 remained unaltered at different time points. Furthermore, flora composition was analyzed in simulated colonic fluid with TP2 added and it was found that TP2 increased the abundance of Faecalibacterium, Enterococcus romboutsia, and Ruminococcaceae, whereas the abundance of the phylum Proteobacteria represented by Sutterella, Desulfovibrio, and Enterobacteriaceae was decreased. However, the amount of short-chain fatty acids in the simulated colonic fluid was not changed by intestinal flora post-TP2 addition. In conclusion, these findings confirmed that TP2, a capsular polysaccharide of B. fragilis, protects against ulcerative colitis in an undegraded form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Zheng
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangzhou ZhiYi Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Meihua Luo
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gaobo Kuang
- Guangzhou ZhiYi Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Yangyang Liu
- Guangzhou ZhiYi Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Debao Liang
- Guangzhou ZhiYi Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Haiqing Huang
- Guangzhou ZhiYi Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaomin Yi
- Guangzhou ZhiYi Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Congfeng Wang
- Guangzhou ZhiYi Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Ye Wang
- Guangzhou ZhiYi Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiuling Xie
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fachao Zhi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Sun L, Sun M, Ma K, Liu J. Let-7d-5p suppresses inflammatory response in neonatal rats with necrotizing enterocolitis via LGALS3-mediated TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2020; 319:C967-C979. [PMID: 32667865 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00571.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is an acute intestinal condition accounting for severe mortality and morbidity in preterm infants. This study aimed to identify the possible roles of let-7d-5p in neonatal rats with NEC. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to NEC were initially screened in silico. After establishment of NEC rat models, measurement of the expression of let-7d-5p, galectin-3 (LGALS3), Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) as well as proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) was conducted. The interaction between let-7d-5p and LGALS3 or argonaute-2 (AGO2) was identified. Gain- and loss-of-function approaches were then performed in an attempt to investigate the regulatory roles of let-7d-5p and LGALS3 in inflammation and cell apoptosis in NEC neonatal rats. Let-7d-5p was poorly expressed, whereas LGALS3, TLR4, and NF-κB were highly expressed, in the intestinal tissues of NEC rats. Overexpression of let-7d-5p resulted in decreased levels of proinflammatory factors in the intestinal tissues of NEC rats. Through sequential experimentation, let-7d-5p was identified to target LGALS3 and bind to AGO2. In addition, LGALS3 silencing or LPS treatment blocked the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway, thereby suppressing intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis and inflammation in NEC. Collectively, let-7d-5p might exercise its inhibitory properties in the inflammatory response and intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis in NEC neonatal rats via inactivation of the LGALS3-dependent TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqun Sun
- Department of Pediatric Outpatient, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Meihua Sun
- Department of Pediatric Outpatient, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Ma
- Department of Pediatric Outpatient, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangtao Liu
- Department of Pediatric Outpatient, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
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Chen P, Xu H, Tang H, Zhao F, Yang C, Kwok L, Cong C, Wu Y, Zhang W, Zhou X, Zhang H. Modulation of gut mucosal microbiota as a mechanism of probiotics-based adjunctive therapy for ulcerative colitis. Microb Biotechnol 2020; 13:2032-2043. [PMID: 32969200 PMCID: PMC7533322 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This was a pilot study aiming to evaluate the effects of probiotics as adjunctive treatment for ulcerative colitis (UC). Twenty-five active patients with UC were assigned to the probiotic (n = 12) and placebo (n = 13) groups. The probiotic group received mesalazine (60 mg kg-1 day-1 ) and oral probiotics (containing Lactobacillus casei Zhang, Lactobacillus plantarum P-8 and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis V9) twice daily for 12 weeks, while the placebo group received the same amounts of mesalazine and placebo. The clinical outcomes were assessed. The gut mucosal microbiota was profiled by PacBio single-molecule, real-time (SMRT) sequencing of the full-length 16S rRNA of biopsy samples obtained by colonoscopy. A significantly greater magnitude of reduction was observed in the UC disease activity index (UCDAI) in the probiotic group compared with the placebo group (P = 0.043), accompanying by a higher remission rate (91.67% for probiotic-receivers versus 69.23% for placebo-receivers, P = 0.034). The probiotics could protect from diminishing of the microbiota diversity and richness. Moreover, the gut mucosal microbiota of the probiotic-receivers had significantly more beneficial bacteria like Eubacterium ramulus (P < 0.05), Pediococcus pentosaceus (P < 0.05), Bacteroides fragilis (P = 0.02) and Weissella cibaria (P = 0.04). Additionally, the relative abundances of the beneficial bacteria correlated significantly but negatively with the UCDAI score, suggesting that the probiotics might alleviate UC symptoms by modulating the gut mucosal microbiota. Our research has provided new insights into the mechanism of symptom alleviation in UC by applying probiotic-based adjunctive treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Chen
- The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical UniversityHohhot010050China
| | - Haiyan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education P. R. C.Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs P. R. C.Inner Mongolia Agricultural UniversityHohhot010018China
| | - Hai Tang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education P. R. C.Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs P. R. C.Inner Mongolia Agricultural UniversityHohhot010018China
| | - Feiyan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education P. R. C.Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs P. R. C.Inner Mongolia Agricultural UniversityHohhot010018China
| | - Chengcong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education P. R. C.Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs P. R. C.Inner Mongolia Agricultural UniversityHohhot010018China
| | - Lai‐Yu Kwok
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education P. R. C.Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs P. R. C.Inner Mongolia Agricultural UniversityHohhot010018China
| | - Chunli Cong
- The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical UniversityHohhot010050China
| | - YanFang Wu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical UniversityHohhot010050China
| | - Wenyi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education P. R. C.Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs P. R. C.Inner Mongolia Agricultural UniversityHohhot010018China
| | | | - Heping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education P. R. C.Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs P. R. C.Inner Mongolia Agricultural UniversityHohhot010018China
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Wang C, Zhao J, Zhang H, Lee YK, Zhai Q, Chen W. Roles of intestinal bacteroides in human health and diseases. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 61:3518-3536. [PMID: 32757948 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1802695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bacteroides, an abundant genus in the intestines of mammals, has been recently considered as the next generation probiotics (NGP) candidate due to its potential role in promoting host health. However, the role of Bacteroides in the development of intestinal dysfunctions such as diarrhea, inflammatory bowel disease, and colorectal cancer should not be overlooked. In the present study, we focused on nine most widely occurred and abundant Bacteroides species and discussed their roles in host immunity, glucose and lipid metabolism and the prevention or induction of diseases. Besides, we also discussed the current methods used in the safety evaluation of Bacteroides species and key opinions about the concerns of these strains for the future use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P.R. China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P.R. China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P.R. China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Research Institute, Wuxi Translational Medicine Research Center and Jiangsu Translational Medicine, Wuxi, China.,(Yangzhou) Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yuan-Kun Lee
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Qixiao Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P.R. China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,International Joint Research Laboratory for Probiotics, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P.R. China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Beijing Innovation Centre of Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing, P.R. China
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Chen Z, Chen H, Yu L, Xin H, Kong J, Bai Y, Zeng W, Zhang J, Wu Q, Fan H. Bioinformatic identification of key pathways, hub genes, and microbiota for therapeutic intervention in Helicobacter pylori infection. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:1158-1183. [PMID: 32710499 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenic mechanisms of Helicobacter pylori infection remain to be defined, and potential interventional microbiota are just beginning to be identified. In this study, gene-set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was used to integrate three H. pylori infection microarray data sets from the gene expression omnibus database and identified ten hallmark gene sets and 35 Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathways that differed between healthy and Helicobacter pylori-infected individuals. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) performed on two of the data sets identified three key gene coexpression modules. These modules contained 54 enriched KEGG pathways, 25 of which overlapped with the GSEA analysis, suggesting potentially important roles in H. pylori-infection. We selected 116 hub genes from the three key modules for in vitro validation at the transcriptional level using H. pylori Sydney Strain 1 and verified the upregulation of 80. WGCNA of the microbiomes based on 20 mucosal samples and a sequence read archive data set revealed four microbiota modules correlated with H. pylori infection. The negatively correlated modules contained 11 microbiome families. These findings provide new insight into the pathogenesis of H. pylori infection and systematically identify 25 key pathways, 80 upregulated hub genes, and 11 families of candidate interventional microbiota for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhui Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huijuan Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lu Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongjie Xin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Gastroenterology of Guangdong Province, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Kong
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Bai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Gastroenterology of Guangdong Province, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weisen Zeng
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jumei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbiology Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingping Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbiology Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongying Fan
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Liu J, Miyake H, Zhu H, Li B, Alganabi M, Lee C, Pierro A. Fecal microbiota transplantation by enema reduces intestinal injury in experimental necrotizing enterocolitis. J Pediatr Surg 2020; 55:1094-1098. [PMID: 32234317 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2020.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC) is a devastating neonatal disease with a high mortality rate. Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT) has been used to treat a variety of gastrointestinal diseases. We aimed to investigate the role of FMT in NEC. METHODS NEC was induced by hypoxia, LPS, and hyperosmolar gavage feeding between postnatal days P5 and P9 (n = 8). Breastfed mice were used as control (n = 7). FMT (30 μl/g) was administered by gavage or enema at P6 during NEC induction. Distal ileum was harvested on P9. Disease severity was evaluated by H&E staining. Gene expression of inflammatory markers IL6 and TNFa was measured. Expression of intestinal barrier function was investigated by measuring Claudin-7. Microbiota composition in ileum and colon was analyzed by quantitative PCR. RESULTS FMT by gavage further increased terminal ileum inflammation and did not improve the histological damage owing to experimental NEC. Conversely, FMT by enema decreased intestinal inflammation and improved histology of the NEC-like injury in the ileum. In addition, compared with NEC alone, FMT by enema increased Claudin-7 expression indicating an improvement in barrier function. These beneficial effects occurred despite no change in microbiota. CONCLUSION Our results show that FMT by enema may be an effective strategy to reduce NEC progression as it attenuates intestinal inflammation and enhances intestinal barrier function. FMT by enema is a potential novel treatment for NEC. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level IV, Evidence from well-designed case-control or cohort studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hiromu Miyake
- The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Haitao Zhu
- The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Li
- The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Mashriq Alganabi
- The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Carol Lee
- The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Agostino Pierro
- The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
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Chen Z, Zhang Y, Lin R, Meng X, Zhao W, Shen W, Fan H. Cronobacter sakazakii induces necrotizing enterocolitis by regulating NLRP3 inflammasome expression via TLR4. J Med Microbiol 2020; 69:748-758. [PMID: 32209170 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Neonatal infection with Cronobacter sakazakii can cause severe intestinal damage and necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). The inflammasome and Toll-like receptors mediate intestinal damage caused by other intestinal pathogens causing NEC, but the exact mechanism is unclear.Aim. We evaluated the molecular mechanisms underlying C. sakazakii-induced NEC.Methodology. The effects of C. sakazakii treatment on two cell lines and a Sprague-Dawley rat model of NEC were evaluated by a cell death assay, western blot and real-time PCR analyses of the NLRP3 inflammasome and downstream factors, and observation of cell and intestinal damage.Results. C. sakazakii caused cellular damage in vitro, as well as intestinal damage in an animal model. NLRP3, caspase-1, TLR4 and MyD88, as well as the downstream factor IL-1β, were upregulated in C. sakazakii-infected J774A.1 and HT-29 cells. Western blotting showed that C. sakazakii-infected J774A.1 and HT-29 cells and the NEC rat model had higher expression levels of N-terminal gasdermin D (GSDMD) compared with those in the control groups. C. sakazakii and its components promote NF-κB expression via the TLR4/MyD88 signalling pathway, thereby regulating the NLRP3 inflammasome and mediating GSDMD cleavage, resulting in pyroptosis-induced intestinal damage.Conclusion. We found that C. sakazakii upregulates NF-κB via TLR4/MyD88 to promote activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, leading to the up-regulation of downstream caspase-1, release of IL-1β, GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis and development of NEC. These findings clarify the mechanisms by which C. sakazakii contributes to NEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhui Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Yiduo Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, PR China.,Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Ruqin Lin
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Xiaojing Meng
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Wei Shen
- Department of Neonatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Hongying Fan
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
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