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Huang J, Chan SC, Ko S, Lok V, Zhang L, Lin X, Lucero-Prisno DE, Xu W, Zheng ZJ, Elcarte E, Withers M, Wong MCS. Disease burden, risk factors, and temporal trends of eye cancer: A global analysis of cancer registries. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2024. [PMID: 38281507 DOI: 10.1111/ceo.14353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aims to investigate the global disease burden, risk factors, and temporal trends of eye cancer by sex and age group. METHODS Databases including Cancer Incidence in Five Continents volumes I-XI, the Nordic Cancer Registries, the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program and the WHO IARC mortality database were accessed to extract incidence and mortality data. Joinpoint regression analyses were conducted to evaluate the Average Annual Percentage Change of the incidence and mortality. RESULTS The age-standardised rates of eye cancer incidence and mortality were 0.49 and 0.08 globally in 2020. Higher incidence rates were observed in Sub-Saharan Africa (ASR = 4.06), Western Europe (ASR = 0.89), and Northern Europe (ASR = 0.84), but higher mortality was observed only in Sub-Saharan Africa (ASR = 1.59). Lower HDI, higher prevalence of UV exposure and lower prevalence of several lifestyle habits and metabolic syndromes were associated with higher incidence and mortality. There was an overall stable incidence trend and a decreasing mortality trend. Notably, all countries reporting decreasing trend in mortality were in the Asian or European region. CONCLUSIONS Although higher incidence was observed in both African and European regions, only the Sub-Saharan Africa region reported high mortality, indicating inequity in the access of healthcare and treatment resource. Higher prevalence of UV exposure was associated with both higher incidence and mortality. Education should be provided to increase the awareness of eye protection. An overall declining mortality trend was found, but it was limited to only Asian and European countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Huang
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Centre for Health Education and Health Promotion, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Sze Chai Chan
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Samantha Ko
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Veeleah Lok
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lin Zhang
- Suzhou Industrial Park Monash Research Institute of Science and Technology, Suzhou, China
- The School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Xu Lin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Don Eliseo Lucero-Prisno
- Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Wanghong Xu
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-Jie Zheng
- Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Edmar Elcarte
- College of Nursing, University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines
| | - Mellissa Withers
- Department of Population and Health Sciences, Institute for Global Health, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Martin C S Wong
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Centre for Health Education and Health Promotion, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Saad AL-Zomia A, AL-Zehefa IA, Alqarni AM, Al Muidh AM, Mesfer Almousa A, Faez Al-Qaed A, Alshahrani AS, Mohammed Asiri B, Asiri GB, Ali Lahiq L, Al-Amri MA, Al-Nujimi MS, Alfaisal SM, Tawhari I. A Retrospective Study of Ocular Cancer in Saudi Arabia: 25-Year Analysis. Clin Ophthalmol 2023; 17:3103-3111. [PMID: 37877115 PMCID: PMC10591673 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s433118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ocular malignancies are uncommon among eye diseases; however, they jeopardize both vision and life. The main objective of this study was to use to describe the epidemiology of eye and ocular adnexa malignancies across different ages and sex. Methods The King Khaled University institutional review board approved this study. Data on ocular cancer were retrieved from the Saudi Cancer Registry between 1994 and 2018. The registry collected important patient information such as demographic information (age, gender, and nationality), clinical details, and tumor classification. Results The total number of cases with ocular cancer diagnosed was 1051 cases. The highest number was recorded in Riyadh (35.39%, n=372), followed by Makkah (16.93%, n=178). The incidence was higher in the 0-4 years' age group (55.21%), and it got down as people got older. The data also revealed differences in the number of reported cases over time, as well as in the representation of eye cancer cases by gender and nationality. While many ocular cancer pathologies were seen, with "Retinoblastoma, not otherwise specified" being the most common (53.32%), the incidence rates for males and females remained largely stable over time. Conclusion The study emphasizes the need for continued monitoring, research, and analysis of potential of epidemiology of ocular cancer occurrence in Saudi Arabia. Identifying the geographical distribution and age pattern of Ocular malignancies have the potential to assist healthcare authorities and policymakers in developing precise strategies to reduce, recognize at an early stage, and successfully manage this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lama Ali Lahiq
- Faculty of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | | | - Ibrahim Tawhari
- Faculty of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
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Vega-Escobar K, Bonilla-Escobar FJ, Salamanca O, Martinez-Blanco AM, Garcia LS, Collazos P, Bravo LE. Epidemiology of Eye Cancer in Cali, Colombia: A 55-Year Study. Ophthalmic Epidemiol 2023:1-11. [PMID: 37849291 DOI: 10.1080/09286586.2023.2269253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe the epidemiology, incidence, mortality and survival of ocular cancer in Cali between 1962 and 2019. METHODS Ecological population-based study analyzing data of incidence, mortality, and 5-years survival of malignant ocular tumors from the Populational Cancer Registry of Cali between 1962 and 2019. RESULTS Between 1962 and 2019, 586 ocular tumors were found, 50.5% occurred in females, the mean age at diagnosis was 45 years (standard deviation = 25), 70.3% of ocular malignancies occurred in >14 years. The average annual incidence rate was 7.8 per million for male and 6.9 per million for females. Retinoblastoma (21%), squamous cell carcinoma (20%), melanoma (16%) and lymphoma (8%) were the most common neoplasm. In those <15 years, the most frequent malignant tumors were retinoblastomas (85.7%), followed by non-specified malignant neoplasm (NOS, 7.9%), and rhabdomyosarcoma (3.6%). In those >14 years, there were NOS (30%), followed by squamous cell carcinomas (28%), melanomas (23%), and lymphomas (9.7%). Conjunctiva (38.2%), retina (21%) and orbit (10%) constituted the majority of anatomical sites of ocular tumors. The survival rate was about 83.2% and mortality did not show a decreasing trend over time (p > .05). CONCLUSIONS The incidence of ocular cancer in Cali has a slightly increasing trend, with stable behavior in the last decades. Squamous cell carcinoma, retinoblastoma, melanoma and lymphoma are the most frequent ocular cancers, with being retinoblastoma more frequent than melanoma. In general, ocular cancer had good survival rates in Cali.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Vega-Escobar
- Visión y Salud Ocular (VISOC), Ophthalmology Program, Faculty of Health, Universidad del Valle, Hospital Universitario del Valle, Cali, Colombia
| | - Francisco J Bonilla-Escobar
- Visión y Salud Ocular (VISOC), Ophthalmology Program, Faculty of Health, Universidad del Valle, Hospital Universitario del Valle, Cali, Colombia
- Institute for Clinical Research Education; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Fundación Somos Ciencia al Servicio de la Comunidad, Fundación SCISCO/Science to Serve the Community Foundation, SCISCO Foundation, Cali, Colombia
| | - Omar Salamanca
- Visión y Salud Ocular (VISOC), Ophthalmology Program, Faculty of Health, Universidad del Valle, Hospital Universitario del Valle, Cali, Colombia
- Orbis International, New York, USA
| | - Alexander M Martinez-Blanco
- Visión y Salud Ocular (VISOC), Ophthalmology Program, Faculty of Health, Universidad del Valle, Hospital Universitario del Valle, Cali, Colombia
| | - Luz Stella Garcia
- Registro Poblacional de Cáncer de Cali (RPCC), Department of Pathology, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
| | - Paola Collazos
- Registro Poblacional de Cáncer de Cali (RPCC), Department of Pathology, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
| | - Luis Eduardo Bravo
- Registro Poblacional de Cáncer de Cali (RPCC), Department of Pathology, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
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Alabi AO, Alabi AS, Sowunmi AC, Ololade KO, Adegboyega BC, Habeebu MYM, Fatiregun OA, Akinsola FB. Presentation and Management of Orbito-Ocular Malignancies in a Tertiary Institution in Southwest Nigeria. JOURNAL OF THE WEST AFRICAN COLLEGE OF SURGEONS 2023; 13:1-5. [PMID: 36923813 PMCID: PMC10010579 DOI: 10.4103/jwas.jwas_37_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study was to review the management of orbito-ocular malignancies in the Departments of Radiotherapy and Ophthalmology, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, between January 1997 and December 2011 in comparison to previous and recent studies globally. Materials and Methods This was a retrospective study of orbito-ocular malignancies seen at the Departments of Radiotherapy and Ophthalmology, Lagos University Teaching Hospital from 1997 to 2011. Case files and treatment cards were retrieved through the Medical Records department and the information required was extracted with the aid of a data extraction form. Results A total of 98 cases with histologically confirmed orbito-ocular malignancies seen during the 15-year study period were analysed. Retinoblastoma (51 [52.0%]) was the most common orbito-ocular malignancies seen in children, whereas squamous cell carcinoma of the conjunctiva (25 [25.5%]) was the most common in adults. Seventeen (17%) patients had a combination of radiotherapy, surgery, and chemotherapy. Thirty (33%) had enucleation, whereas 33 (36%) had exenteration. Thirty-six patients had chemotherapy, whereas 44 patients benefited from radiotherapy, and radical treatment was offered to 24 patients. Total radical treatment dose was 35-65 Gy in 20-35 fractions over 4-7 weeks. Most of the patients (84 [85.7%]) were lost to follow up. Five (5.1%) died from disease progression and four (4.1%) are still alive and on regular follow-up. Conclusion This study showed that the use of multimodality treatment was implemented but did not improve survival because the majority of patients presented late. The need for a collaborative effort in early detection and prompt referral for treatment of cancer cases cannot be overemphasised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adewumi Olabimpe Alabi
- Department of Radiation Biology, Radio-diagnosis and Radiotherapy, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Adegboyega Sunday Alabi
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Anthonia Chima Sowunmi
- Department of Radiation Biology, Radio-diagnosis and Radiotherapy, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Kehinde O. Ololade
- Department of Radiation Biology, Radio-diagnosis and Radiotherapy, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | | | - Muhammad Yaqub M. Habeebu
- Department of Radiation Biology, Radio-diagnosis and Radiotherapy, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-araba, Lagos, Nigeria
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Barbosa JDP, Feitosa AM, Moura LEB, Cunha LA, Silva PGB, Machado CF, Ribeiro JC. Analysis of the mortality by eye cancer from 2010 to 2019 in Brazil. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE OFTALMOLOGIA 2022. [DOI: 10.37039/1982.8551.20220066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Lee JJ, Stephenson KAJ, Forristal MT, McElnea EM. Insidious ocular surface lesion in an 81-year-old woman. BMJ Case Rep 2022; 15:e248725. [PMID: 35246440 PMCID: PMC8900020 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2021-248725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Ocular surface melanoma (OSM) is rare. An 81-year-old Caucasian woman presented with a 4-month history of right eye pain and reduced vision. Histopathological examination of the excisional biopsy identified invasive amelanotic melanoma of the conjunctiva expressing Melan A and SOX10. X-ray of chest, CT of liver and MRI of the brain and orbit did not identify macroscopic metastases. She was given adjuvant topical mitomycin-C 0.04% for four cycles of 2 weeks. Her vision improved and the cornea was clear at 6 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay J Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Galway University Hospitals, Galway, Ireland
| | | | - Mark T Forristal
- Department of Ophthalmology, Galway University Hospitals, Galway, Ireland
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Akiki D, El Hage S, El Masri J, Chanbour W. Epidemiology of Ocular Malignancies Among the Lebanese Population: A 12-Year Review. Cureus 2022; 14:e21593. [PMID: 35228951 PMCID: PMC8867964 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.21593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Incidence and Characteristics of Retinoblastoma in Poland: The First Nationwide Study 2010-2017. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18126539. [PMID: 34204493 PMCID: PMC8296438 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18126539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: The present study aimed to investigate the incidence and characteristics of retinoblastoma in the overall population of Poland. Methods: The retrospective survey of both National Health Fund (NHF) and National Cancer Registry (NCR) databases were performed to identify all retinoblastoma cases in Poland in the years 2010–2017. Results: During 2010–2017, the mean age-standardised incidence of retinoblastoma (the unit of incidence is per 1,000,000 person-years) was 10.15 (95% CI 7.23–13.08) among children aged 0 to 4 years and 5.39 (95% CI 4.18–6.60) in those aged 0 to 9 years. During 2010–2014 (to allow 5 years of follow-up), the mean incidence of retinoblastoma by birth cohort analysis in Poland was 4.89 (95% CI 4.04–5.74) per 100,000 live births, corresponding to an incidence of 1 per 20,561 (95% CI 15,855–25,267) live births. In Poland, 14.6% of children with retinoblastoma had enucleation of the eye globe, 76.8% received different types of chemotherapy combined with focal treatment, 5.9% were treated with external beam radiotherapy, and 2.7% were treated with focal treatments only. Conclusions: The incidence of retinoblastoma and the pattern of medical management of retinoblastoma in Poland was similar to that reported in developed countries in Western Europe, Asia, and North America.
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Teoh CS, Jeyabal P, Young SM, Lim VSY. Incidence and trends of ophthalmic cancer in Singapore: Data from Singapore Cancer Registry. ANNALS OF THE ACADEMY OF MEDICINE, SINGAPORE 2021; 50:297-305. [PMID: 33990817 DOI: 10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.2020488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Limited data are available on the incidence of primary ophthalmic cancers worldwide. We describe the incidence and trends of primary ophthalmic cancers in Singapore. METHODS Data on ophthalmic cancers diagnosed in Singapore from 1996 to 2016 were retrieved from the Singapore Cancer Registry for analysis. All were histologically proven primary ophthalmic cancers. Calculations of incidence and age-specific frequency of ophthalmic malignancy were made. RESULTS A total of 297 cases were included, with males constituting 59.9%. The race distribution was 78.5% Chinese, 16.5% Malay, 3.7% Indians and 1.3% others. There was an overall increase in ophthalmic malignancies. The mean age of onset was 47.4 years. The most common cancers were retinoblastoma (93.3%) in patients younger than 15 years, and lymphoma (71.3%) in patients aged 15 years and older. There has been an increase in lymphomas from 16.7% in 1968-1995 to 71.3% in 1996-2016 in those aged 15 years and older. The most common types of ophthalmic cancer according to location are lymphoma of the orbit, conjunctiva, cornea and lacrimal gland; retinoblastoma of the retina; and malignant melanoma of the choroid and ciliary body. CONCLUSION Our study reported the incidence and trends of ophthalmic cancer in the Singapore population and showed an overall increase in ophthalmic malignancies in Singapore from 1996-2016. A substantial increase in lymphomas over the last 2 decades was noted. The data could aid clinicians, epidemiologists and policymakers in implementing strategies to address trends in ophthalmic cancers and spur aetiological research to improve quality of life in patients with such cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin Sheng Teoh
- Department of Ophthalmology, National University Hospital, Singapore
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Al-Mujaini A, Maurya RP, Bosak S, Karan MK, Roy M, Singh VP, Singh MK, Kumar A, Singh S. Clinicopathological Analysis and Demographic Features of Ocular Malignancies. Clin Ophthalmol 2021; 15:357-365. [PMID: 33542619 PMCID: PMC7853408 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s287087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to evaluate the epidemiological and clinicopathological spectrum of ocular malignancies among patients presenting to a teaching hospital in Northern India. Methods A total of 246 histopathologically diagnosed patients with ocular malignancies were included in the study. Tumor type and size, primary origin and location of tumor, clinical staging, radiological findings, histopathological type, and treatment outcomes were assessed. Results Overall, males over 55 years of age were most commonly affected and the majority of cases were primary ocular or adnexal malignancies (n = 226; 91.87%). The eyelids and periocular structures (n = 92; 37.40%) were the most commonly involved site, followed by the orbit (n = 72; 29.27%), ocular surface (n = 46; 18.70%) and intraocular region (n = 36; 14.63%). The majority of the patients (n = 68; 27.64%) were managed by primary surgical excision and reconstruction. However, 46 patients (18.70%) with advanced lesions underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgical excision and more extensive orbital lesions were treated by exenteration followed by adjuvant chemotherapy (n=48; 19.51%), while patients with metastatic tumor were given palliative chemotherapy/external beam radiation therapy (n= 46; 18.70%). Overall, 45.12% of patients were cured completely, 15.45% showed a partial response to the treatment, 13.04% had progressive disease and 16.67% demonstrated disease recurrence. Conclusion A clinicopathological analysis of ocular malignancies at a teaching hospital in Northern India indicated the preponderance of primary ocular malignancies, with eyelid sebaceous gland carcinomas being the most common pathological diagnosis. Most of our patients had advanced and extensive disease among them majority belonged to the rural background and poor socio-economic status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Al-Mujaini
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Rajendra Prakash Maurya
- Regional Institute of Ophthalmology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Sanjay Bosak
- Regional Institute of Ophthalmology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Manish Kumar Karan
- Regional Institute of Ophthalmology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Meghna Roy
- Regional Institute of Ophthalmology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Virendra Pratap Singh
- Regional Institute of Ophthalmology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Mahendra Kumar Singh
- Regional Institute of Ophthalmology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Samer Singh
- Centre for Experimental Medicine & Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
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Abstract
PURPOSE To report a rare case of adenocarcinoma (ADC) arising in the conjunctiva which locally recurred and metastasized to the periparotid lymph nodes. METHODS This is a single observational case report. RESULTS A 79-year-old male patient was referred to us for a suspected recurrence of conjunctival carcinoma of the right eye. At presentation, we observed an elevated conjunctival lesion with corneal involvement. He was treated with neoadjuvant mitomycin C 0.04% eye drops, followed by surgical excision of the lesion, cryotherapy of the excision margins, and reconstruction with amniotic membrane graft. The tumor was histologically diagnosed as ADC. The negative systemic evaluation and the immunoprofile led us to believe the primitive nature of the tumor. The excision margins were positive, and the patient was lost to follow up for 7 months, and when he came back, a new local recurrence was diagnosed. Then, he received rescue treatment with mitomycin C 0.04% eye drops with complete regression of the lesion. No local recurrence was observed until the 14-month follow-up visit, during which the patient complained of swelling in the right parotid region. Subsequently, he underwent total parotidectomy with neck dissection. Metastasis was found in 3 periparotid lymph nodes. The patient did not receive further treatments, and no recurrences were observed over the following 20 months. CONCLUSIONS ADC arising in the conjunctiva is a very rare occurrence. Additional observation is required for the management of this rare conjunctival tumor.
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Pellerano F, Gil G, Rosario A, Mañon N, Vargas T, Vizcaíno G. Survey of 138 Conjunctival Tumors in the Dominican Republic. Ophthalmic Epidemiol 2020; 27:278-282. [PMID: 32066308 DOI: 10.1080/09286586.2020.1730912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To report the frequency of conjunctival tumors in the Dominican Republic. METHODS Retrospective noninterventional case series. One hundred thirty-eight consecutive patients with a conjunctival mass evaluated at two tertiary referral centers from 2010 to 2018. Main outcome measures were frequency of tumors by diagnosis and distribution of tumors relative to patients' age and gender. RESULTS The mean age at presentation was 41.2 years (median, 42 years; range 10 days - 91 years). There were 83 male patients (60%) and 55 female patients (40%). The three most common specific diagnoses were junctional, compound, and subepithelial naevi (47 [34%]), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) (26 [19%]) and conjunctival squamous intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) (17 [12%]). The mean age at detection was 36.5 years for non-malignant tumors and 56.3 years for malignant tumors (p < .001), with a mean difference of 19.8 years at time of diagnosis (95% CI, 10.7-28.8). Benign tumors were more common in children and young adults; malignant and premalignant tumors were more common in mid and older adults (p = .009). Malignant tumors were more common in males (73%) than in females (27%) (p = .04). CONCLUSION In the Dominican Republic, conjunctival tumors are benign (63%), premalignant (13%) and malignant (24%). Malignant tumors are more common in older adults and men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Pellerano
- School of Medicine, Universidad Iberoamericana (UNIBE) , Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic.,Ocular Pathology Laboratory, Laboratorio de Patología Ocular Dr. Gerson Vizcaíno López , Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
| | - Gianna Gil
- Ocular Pathology Laboratory, Laboratorio de Patología Ocular Dr. Gerson Vizcaíno López , Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
| | - Ana Rosario
- Ophthalmology Department, Instituto Contra la Ceguera por Glaucoma (INCONCEGLA) , Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
| | - Nelson Mañon
- Ophthalmology Department, Instituto Contra la Ceguera por Glaucoma (INCONCEGLA) , Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
| | - Tomas Vargas
- Ophthalmology Department, Instituto Contra la Ceguera por Glaucoma (INCONCEGLA) , Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
| | - Gerson Vizcaíno
- Ocular Pathology Laboratory, Laboratorio de Patología Ocular Dr. Gerson Vizcaíno López , Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic.,Ophthalmology Department, Centro Cardio-Neuro-Oftalmológico y Transplante (CECANOT) , Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
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García Onrubia L, Pacheco-Callirgos GE, Portero-Benito A, García-Álvarez C, Carreño Salas E, Muñoz-Moreno MF, García-Lagarto E, Saornil-Álvarez MA. Spectrum of conjunctival tumours in a Spanish series: A review of 462 cases. Eur J Ophthalmol 2019; 30:1403-1409. [PMID: 31436111 DOI: 10.1177/1120672119870736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To report the spectrum and frequency of conjunctiva tumours in an ocular oncology unit analysing the clinical profile of benign, precancerous and malignant conjunctival lesions. METHODS A retrospective case series of 462 consecutive patients diagnosed at the Ocular Oncology Unit of the University Hospital of Valladolid from 1992 to 2017. RESULTS Among 462 consecutive patients, the tumour was classified as melanocytic in 252 (54.5%) and non-melanocytic in 210 (45.5). Two hundred forty-eight males (mean age 51.63 (SD = 23.20)) and 214 females (mean age 48.27 (SD = 21.77)) were included. Mean patient age at diagnosis was 50.07 years (range = 1-92 years). The majority of tumours were benign (n = 307 (66.5%)) followed by precancerous (n = 103 (22.3%)) and finally by malignant ones (n = 52 (11.3%)). Benign lesions were predominantly found in younger individuals rather than premalignant (p < 0.05) and malignant ones (p < 0.05). Most of the melanocytic lesions were benign (88.5%), most epithelial ones were precancerous (61.4%) and most lymphoid lesions were malignant (56.3%). Tumours involving one or four quadrants of the ocular surface usually were benign, unlike tumours involving three quadrants that were malignant (16 (48.5%) p < 0.05). The majority of benign lesions were detected on females (n = 163 (53.1%)) by routine examination (n = 178 (86.4%)). However, main complaint in malignant tumours was the growth of the lesion (n = 39 (76.5%)). CONCLUSION Most of the conjunctival tumours were melanocytic, mostly benign, closely followed by those of epithelial origin, with a predominance of precancerous lesions. Melanocytic, epithelial and lymphoid tumours accounted for over 90% of cases. A trend was identified with benign lesions being found in younger female patients on routine examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis García Onrubia
- Ocular Oncology Unit, Ophthalmology Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | | | - Alejandro Portero-Benito
- Immunology and Ocular Surface Unit, Ophthalmology Department, Hospital la Zarzuela - INCIVI, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ciro García-Álvarez
- Ocular Oncology Unit, Ophthalmology Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Ester Carreño Salas
- Ocular Inflammation Unit, Ophthalmology Department, Hospital Fundación Jimenez Diaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Fe Muñoz-Moreno
- Ocular Tumours Unit, Investigation Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Elena García-Lagarto
- Pathology Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
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Habib SG, Lawan A, Victoria P. Clinicopathologic presentation of malignant orbito-ocular tumors in Kano, Nigeria: A prospective multicenter study. Ann Afr Med 2019; 18:86-91. [PMID: 31070150 PMCID: PMC6521634 DOI: 10.4103/aam.aam_37_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Malignant orbito-ocular tumors are major causes of morbidity and mortality in the developing countries. Their presentation, morphologic type, and management are challenging, and earlier reports were mostly retrospective surveys. Histological analysis is essential in making correct diagnosis. Here, we determined the clinical presentations and histopathologic types of orbito-ocular tumors in some tertiary hospitals in Kano, Nigeria. Materials and Methods This was a prospective cross-sectional multicenter clinical and pathologic study conducted between June 2012 and May 2013. A structured pro forma was used to record findings, patient's biodata, clinical presentation, type of surgical intervention, and histological diagnosis. Data were analyzed with STATA version 11.0. Results Sixty-seven eye tumors were observed among 61 patients. There were 43 males and 18 females (male-to-female ratio = 2.4:1). Patients had a mean of 13.4 ± 18.3 with a median of 4.0 (0.5-70) years with a double peak in age distribution. The most common features were visual loss (90.2%), leukocoria (59%), proptosis (55%), and fungating mass (49.2%). The symptoms were for ≥6 months in 57.4% and unilateral in 82.1%. B-scan showed retinal masses and calcifications in 13.5% and 4.5%, respectively. Confirmation by histology was achieved in 91% with the most common tumor being retinoblastoma, conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and rhabdomyosarcoma with frequencies of 38 (56.6%), 11 (16.4%), and 6 (9.0%), respectively. Six patients were HIV positive and all had SCC. Conclusions Retinoblastoma was the most common malignant orbito-ocular tumor observed in this study. Patients often present late to the hospital with visual loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saudat Garba Habib
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Abdu Lawan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, College of Health Sciences, Bayero University Kano, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Pam Victoria
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
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Kaliki S, Bothra N, Bejjanki KM, Nayak A, Ramappa G, Mohamed A, Dave TV, Ali MJ, Naik MN. Malignant Eyelid Tumors in India: A Study of 536 Asian Indian Patients. Ocul Oncol Pathol 2018; 5:210-219. [PMID: 31049330 DOI: 10.1159/000491549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To study the proportion of eyelid malignant tumors in an Asian Indian population and to review their clinical features and outcomes. Methods This is a retrospective study of 536 patients. Results The mean age at presentation with eyelid malignancy was 58 years. Histopathology-proven diagnoses of these patients included sebaceous gland carcinoma (SGC) (n = 285, 53%), basal cell carcinoma (BCC) (n = 128, 24%), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) (n = 99, 18%), and miscellaneous tumors (n = 24, 4%). The statistically significant differences between eyelid malignant tumors included age at presentation, tumor location, and tumor extent. The clinicopathological correlation of SGC, BCC, SCC, and miscellaneous tumors was 91, 86, 46, and 38% (p = 0.001), respectively. Comparing SGC with BCC, SCC, and miscellaneous tumors, SGC was more commonly associated with tumor recurrence (21 vs. 3, 8, and 13%; p = 0.001), systemic metastasis (13 vs. 0, 4, and 13%; p = 0.001), and death (9 vs. 0, 4, and 0%; p = 0.004). Compared to SGC, BCC, and SCC, locoregional lymph node metastasis was more common with miscellaneous tumors (26 vs. 16, < 1, and 8%; p = 0.001) over a mean follow-up period of 19 months. Conclusion In Asian Indians, SGC is twice as common as BCC and 3 times more common than SCC. SGC is associated with poorer prognosis compared to other eyelid malignant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swathi Kaliki
- Operation Eyesight Universal Institute for Eye Cancer, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | - Nandini Bothra
- Operation Eyesight Universal Institute for Eye Cancer, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | - Kavya Madhuri Bejjanki
- Operation Eyesight Universal Institute for Eye Cancer, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | - Arpita Nayak
- Operation Eyesight Universal Institute for Eye Cancer, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | - George Ramappa
- Operation Eyesight Universal Institute for Eye Cancer, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | - Ashik Mohamed
- Ophthalmic Biophysics, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | - Tarjani Vivek Dave
- Operation Eyesight Universal Institute for Eye Cancer, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | - Mohammad Javed Ali
- Operation Eyesight Universal Institute for Eye Cancer, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | - Milind N Naik
- Operation Eyesight Universal Institute for Eye Cancer, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
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Das D, Bhattacharjee H, Deka A, Deka P, Serasiya S, Bhattacharjee K, Das JK, Kuri GC, Pawar E, Saxena RK. Immunohistochemistry on pattern of ocular & adnexal tumours in a tertiary eye care centre of Northeast India. Indian J Med Res 2018; 147:41-45. [PMID: 29749359 PMCID: PMC5967215 DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_467_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & objectives: Ocular and adnexal tumours are important causes of morbidity in India and globally. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a vital molecular pathology tool, which helps to diagnose a tumour with more accuracy. The present study was undertaken to document the profile of ocular and adnexal tumour with IHC at a tertiary eye care center in Northeast India. Methods: This was a prospective and laboratory-based study. Histopathological and IHC study of the ocular and adnexal tumour was carried out from 2012 to 2014. Selection of pathological cases was made on the result of the histological diagnosis. All samples were subjected to IHC using kits for different antibodies as per indications. Results: In total, 645 tumours were included in our study, with 449 benign conditions and 196 were malignant tumours. Total IHCs were done in 87 tumours and 238 of antibodies were used. Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (B-cell, low-to-intermediate type and mucosal-associated lymphoid tumours) were the most common tumor. Interpretation & conclusions: Clinical utility of the IHCs in different ophthalmic tumours can enable pathologists to make an accurate diagnosis and thus help in the overall management of the patient care. IHC may be carried out using various methods and some of the methods practiced are time consuming and tedious. In this study, kit methods were used which were found to be simpler and less time-consuming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipankar Das
- Department of Ocular Pathology, Sri Sankaradeva Nethralaya, Guwahati, India
| | - Harsha Bhattacharjee
- Department of Orbit, Oculoplasty & Ocular Oncology, Sri Sankaradeva Nethralaya, Guwahati, India
| | - Apurba Deka
- Department of Ocular Pathology, Sri Sankaradeva Nethralaya, Guwahati, India
| | - Panna Deka
- Department of Ocular Pathology, Sri Sankaradeva Nethralaya, Guwahati, India
| | - Samir Serasiya
- Department of Orbit, Oculoplasty & Ocular Oncology, Sri Sankaradeva Nethralaya, Guwahati, India
| | - Kasturi Bhattacharjee
- Department of Orbit, Oculoplasty & Ocular Oncology, Sri Sankaradeva Nethralaya, Guwahati, India
| | - Jayanta Kumar Das
- Department of Orbit, Oculoplasty & Ocular Oncology, Sri Sankaradeva Nethralaya, Guwahati, India
| | - Ganesh Chandra Kuri
- Department of Orbit, Oculoplasty & Ocular Oncology, Sri Sankaradeva Nethralaya, Guwahati, India
| | - Eknath Pawar
- Department of Orbit, Oculoplasty & Ocular Oncology, Sri Sankaradeva Nethralaya, Guwahati, India
| | - Rushil Kumar Saxena
- Department of Orbit, Oculoplasty & Ocular Oncology, Sri Sankaradeva Nethralaya, Guwahati, India
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Dalvin LA, Salomão DR, Patel SV. Population-based incidence of conjunctival tumours in Olmsted County, Minnesota. Br J Ophthalmol 2018; 102:1728-1734. [PMID: 29511061 DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2017-311530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIM To determine population-based incidence of conjunctival tumours in Olmsted County, Minnesota. METHODS The Rochester Epidemiology Project medical record linkage system was used to identify patients with conjunctival tumours in Olmsted County (1 January 1980 to 31 December 2015). Records were reviewed for demographics, types of tumours, histopathology, treatment and clinical course. Incidence rate of all tumours was calculated per 1 000 000 person-years. Poisson regression analysis was used to assess changes in incidence over time. RESULTS There were 504 patients with conjunctival tumours, giving an age-adjusted and sex-adjusted incidence rate of 125 per 1 000 000 (CI 113.5 to 135.5). Incidence increased over time (P<0.001). Most tumours (474, 94%) were benign. Of benign lesions, melanocytic lesions accounted for the majority (431, 86%), with adjusted incidence rates of 10.8 (CI 7.7 to 13.9) for complexion-associated melanosis, 49.7 (CI 42.9 to 56.6) for nevus and 44.1 (37.5-50.8) for primary acquired melanosis. Malignant lesions were rare (30, 6%) with 6 cases of melanoma, 21 cases of ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN), 1 case of Langerhans cell histiocytosis and 2 cases of lymphoma. Adjusted incidence rates of conjunctival melanoma and OSSN were 1.5 (CI 0.3 to 2.8) and 6.1 (CI 3.5 to 8.7), respectively. Outcomes for melanoma (mean follow-up 14 years, range 0-34) and OSSN (mean follow-up 4 years, range 0-24) were favourable in 29 cases, with one fatality due to metastatic melanoma. CONCLUSIONS In a population-based setting, most conjunctival tumours are benign, and the majority of lesions are melanocytic. While it is important to remain vigilant for malignancies, most conjunctival lesions in a community-based practice are not life-threatening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren A Dalvin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Diva R Salomão
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.,Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Sanjay V Patel
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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Shields CL, Chien JL, Surakiatchanukul T, Sioufi K, Lally SE, Shields JA. Conjunctival Tumors: Review of Clinical Features, Risks, Biomarkers, and Outcomes--The 2017 J. Donald M. Gass Lecture. Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila) 2017; 6:109-120. [PMID: 28399347 DOI: 10.22608/apo.201710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Conjunctival tumors encompass a broad range of diagnoses. The 3 most important malignant tumors include ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) (14%), melanoma (12%), and lymphoma (7%). Conjunctival malignancies are rarely found in children. Regarding OSSN, pre-disposing conditions include chronic solar radiation, immune deficiency (HIV), organ transplant, autoimmune conditions, xeroderma pigmentosum, and chronic exposure to cigarette smoke. OSSN is managed surgically or with topical/injection immunotherapy or chemotherapy. Metastasis occurs in <1%. Regarding melanoma, predisposing conditions include primary acquired melanosis (PAM), chronic nevus, and chronic solar radiation. Treatment of PAM or nevus can prevent melanoma. Melanoma management involves surgical resection with clean margins and avoidance of direct tumor manipulation ("no touch" technique). The first surgery is most important, to minimize tumor seeding. Biomarkers including BRAF, TERT, and PTEN provide information regarding risk for metastasis and allow for targeted antibiomarker therapies. Ten-year risk for melanoma metastasis is 25%. Tumors >2 mm thickness or those located in fornix, caruncle, or orbit are at highest risk for metastasis. Regarding lymphoma, predisposing conditions include benign reactive lymphoid hyperplasia, immune deficiency (HIV), immune dysfunction, and chronic inflammation/infection (Helicobacter pylori, Chlamydia psittaci). The 4 most important subtypes include extranodal marginal zone lymphoma (ENMZL), follicular lymphoma, mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Treatment includes surgical resection, cryotherapy, radiotherapy, systemic chemotherapy, or targeted anti-B-cell therapy (rituximab). Lymphoma-related survival (5-year) depends on subtype and ranges from 97% (ENMZL) to 9% (MCL). Recognizing conjunctival tumors and understanding predisposing factors, biomarkers, and treatment strategies are vital to patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol L Shields
- Ocular Oncology Service, Wills Eye Hospital, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jason L Chien
- Ocular Oncology Service, Wills Eye Hospital, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Kareem Sioufi
- Ocular Oncology Service, Wills Eye Hospital, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Sara E Lally
- Ocular Oncology Service, Wills Eye Hospital, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jerry A Shields
- Ocular Oncology Service, Wills Eye Hospital, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
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Gupta Y, Gahine R, Hussain N, Memon MJ. Clinico-Pathological Spectrum of Ophthalmic Lesions: An Experience in Tertiary Care Hospital of Central India. J Clin Diagn Res 2017; 11:EC09-EC13. [PMID: 28273971 PMCID: PMC5324416 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2017/23589.9230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ophthalmic lesions show varied distribution on the basis of geographical location. Eye being a unique sensory organ needs to be studied both clinically and pathologically. AIM This study was aimed to evaluate the histomorphological and clinico-pathlological spectrum of ophthalmic lesions at a tertiary care hospital of Central India. MATERIALS AND METHODS We reviewed all the ophthalmic biopsies performed in the Department of Pathology of our institute between January 2008 and November 2014. Total 488 biopsies of the orbito-ocular region were obtained from patients attending the ophthalmology department. Ophthalmic biopsies were studied as per epidemiological and histomorphological data. RESULTS The patients ranged in age from one month to 85 years with bimodal distribution. With a male to female ratio of 1:1. Ophthalmic lesions were highest (44.8%) in less than 20 years age group. Eyelid (33.6%) was the most commonly involved site. Clinical diagnosis was consistent with histopathological diagnosis in approximately 76% cases. The non-neoplastic, benign and malignant lesions were 61.1%, 7.8% and 31.1% respectively. Retinoblastoma formed 40.1% of all malignant lesions followed by sebaceous carcinoma (19.1%) and Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) (10.5%). Rare lesions were primary neuroblastoma of orbit and rhabdomyosarcoma of eyelid. CONCLUSION Findings suggest that among neoplastic lesions the most common ophthalmic malignancies were retinoblastoma in children and sebaceous carcinoma in adults. Among non-neoplastic lesions, 89% cases of infectious aetiology were of rhinosporidiosis in our study making it an important differential diagnosis among ophthalmic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashita Gupta
- Senior Resident, Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, AIIMS, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Renuka Gahine
- Professor and Head, Department of Pathology, Government Medical College, Rajnandgaon, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Nighat Hussain
- Associate Professor, Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, AIIMS, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Mohd Jafar Memon
- Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology, Pt. JNM Medical College, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
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Li HJ, Tsaousis KT, Hoopes P, Mamalis N. Conjunctival metastatic adenocarcinoma of unknown origin. BMJ Case Rep 2016; 2016:bcr-2016-214501. [PMID: 27190113 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2016-214501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe the case of a presumed metastatic adenocarcinoma discovered in the conjunctival limbus of a 75-year-old male with a history of prostate adenocarcinoma. After an initial clinical diagnosis of pinguecula and unsuccessful topical steroid therapy, the lesion was excised and sent for pathological evaluation and special staining. The histopathological evaluation was consistent with a diagnosis of adenocarcinoma, without evidence of lacrimal tissue. Surprisingly, results from special staining were most consistent with lung adenocarcinoma rather than that from a prostate origin. Systemic radiographic evaluation did not locate the primary tumour, and the patient did not present with any symptoms consistent with malignancy. Watchful waiting was chosen as the therapeutic strategy to manage the patient. This is the first report of an adenocarcinoma, likely metastatic, at the conjunctival limbus.
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Affiliation(s)
- He J Li
- John A Moran Eye Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Konstantinos T Tsaousis
- John A Moran Eye Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA Department of Ophthalmology, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, UK
| | | | - Nick Mamalis
- John A Moran Eye Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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Domingo RED, Manganip LE, Castro RM. Tumors of the eye and ocular adnexa at the Philippine Eye Research Institute: a 10-year review. Clin Ophthalmol 2015; 9:1239-47. [PMID: 26185414 PMCID: PMC4501349 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s87308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to identify and describe the clinicopathologic characteristics of tumors of the eye and ocular adnexa at the Philippine Eye Research Institute. METHODS The pathology reports of specimens submitted to the Ocular Pathology Section of the Philippine Eye Research Institute over a 10-year period (2003-2012) were reviewed, and collected data was subjected to descriptive statistical tabulation and analysis. RESULTS A total of 1,551 histologically confirmed tumors were included. Of these, 254 were from the conjunctiva (155 benign, 99 malignant), 530 from the eyelids (360 benign, 170 malignant), 394 were intraocular tumors (21 benign, 373 malignant), and 373 were from the orbit (231 benign, 142 malignant). Retinoblastoma was the most common tumor of the eye and ocular adnexa in the series, accounting for 43.2% of all malignancies. Squamous cell carcinoma was the most frequent cancer of the conjunctiva, while basal cell carcinoma and sebaceous gland carcinoma were the most common eyelid malignancies. Orbital malignancies had a bimodal age distribution, with rhabdomyosarcoma being most frequent in children, while in adults, lymphoma was most common, followed by lacrimal gland carcinomas. CONCLUSION The majority of tumors of the conjunctiva, eyelids, and orbit were benign, while most intraocular tumors were malignant, with retinoblastoma being the most common.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolando Enrique D Domingo
- Philippine Eye Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines ; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of the Philippines College of Medicine - Philippine General Hospital, Manila, Philippines
| | - Lilibeth E Manganip
- Philippine Eye Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines
| | - Rolando M Castro
- Philippine Eye Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines
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[Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of primary ocular cancers in blacks: our experience with 111 cases]. J Fr Ophtalmol 2014; 38:41-5. [PMID: 25530349 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2014.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2012] [Revised: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In this work, the authors aim to study clinical and epidemiological characteristics of ocular and orbital primary cancers in sub-Saharan African. PATIENTS AND METHODS This is a retrospective study over a period of 21 years, from 1984 to 2004, including all cases of ocular cancer, histologically proven after surgery of the globe or the orbit. For each patient, we studied the following parameters: age, sex, reason(s) for consultation, the affected eye, and histological result of the operative specimen. These data were collected by studying the departmental surgical registry, patient medical records and the tumor registry of the anatomicopathology laboratory of a tertiary care hospital in sub-Saharan Africa. RESULTS We collected data on 111 black patients, among whom 15 cases (13.5%) presented with bilateral involvement, for a total of 126 eyes. The sex ratio was 1.17. Presenting signs showed a predominance of leukocoria (30.2%) followed by proptosis (21.7%) and in third place, protruding conjunctival mass (10.8%). Retinoblastoma was found most frequently, representing 66.6% of the oculo-orbital tumors and 95.45% of the tumors of the globe; followed by epidermoid carcinoma, representing 15.08% of cases. Malignant melanoma was third most common, representing 4.76%, with 83% arising in the anterior uvea and 7% in the choroid. Basal cell carcinoma and rhabdomyosarcoma follow in fourth place. Basal cell carcinoma constituted half (50%) of the eyelid tumors. Rhabdomyosarcoma was the most common orbital tumor in our series (57%). Next were lymphomas with conjunctival localization (2.38%), acute leukemia with orbital localization (1.59%) and rare tumors, palpebral dermatofibrosarcoma (0.79%), an orbital angiosarcoma (0.79%), a glioblastoma of the globe (0.79%) and a malignant solitary fibrous tumor of the orbit (0.79%). CONCLUSION Ocular and orbital primary cancers in blacks remain tumors of the young, equally distributed between the sexes. Retinoblastoma is the most frequent, followed by epidermoid carcinoma. The globe is the preferential localization of these cancers.
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Das D, Deka P, Ramachandra V, Bhattacharjee K, Das JK, Kuri GC, Tahiliani PS, Bhattacharyya P, Bhattacharjee H, Paul R, Deka A. Profile of ocular and adnexal tumours at a tertiary institute of northeast India. Orbit 2014; 33:412-5. [PMID: 25207704 DOI: 10.3109/01676830.2014.949789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To present the profile of patients with ocular and adnexal tumours presenting at a tertiary eye care institute in northeast India in ten years between 2003 and 2013. DESIGN Hospital based retrospective review of medical records. METHOD The clinical history, site of involvement and pathological diagnoses were retrieved from ocular pathology registers from October 2003-October 2013. This included conjunctival, orbital, adnexal and intraocular tumours. All specimens were fixed, processed and stained. Immunohistochemistry was carried out where ever indicated to come to a final diagnosis. RESULTS In all 1003 cases were included in our study, with 622 (62.01%) benign tumours and 381 (37.98%) malignant tumours. 54.63% were males and 45.36% were females. Amongst the conjunctival tumours, squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) (72.5%) and nevus (39.6%) were the most common malignant and benign tumour, respectively. Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) (60%) was the most common malignant orbital tumour. Retinoblastoma (RB) (81.5%) was the most common intraocular malignancy, followed by melanoma (18.4%). Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) (35.1%) was the most common malignancy in the lid. CONCLUSION NHL and SCC were the most frequently seen malignant tumours in adults while RB was the most common intraocular tumour in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipankar Das
- Department of Ocular Pathology, Uveitis and Neuro-Ophthalmology Services , and
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe the epidemiology and an aetiological model of ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) in Africa. METHODS Systematic and non-systematic review methods were used. Incidence was obtained from the International Agency for Research on Cancer. We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science and the reference lists of articles retrieved. Meta-analyses were conducted using a fixed-effects model for HIV and cigarette smoking and random effects for human papilloma virus (HPV). RESULTS The incidence of OSSN is highest in the Southern Hemisphere (16° South), with the highest age-standardised rate (ASR) reported from Zimbabwe (3.4 and 3.0 cases/year/100 000 population for males and females, respectively). The mean ASR worldwide is 0.18 and 0.08 cases/year/100 000 among males and females, respectively. The risk increases with exposure to direct daylight (2-4 h, OR = 1.7, 95% CI: 1.2-2.4 and ≥5 h OR = 1.8, 95% CI: 1.1-3.1) and outdoor occupations (OR = 1.7, 95% CI: 1.1-2.6). Meta-analysis also shows a strong association with HIV (6 studies: OR = 6.17, 95% CI: 4.83-7.89) and HPV (7 studies: OR = 2.64, 95% CI: 1.27-5.49) but not cigarette smoking (2 studies: OR = 1.40, 95% CI: 0.94-2.09). The effect of atopy, xeroderma pigmentosa and vitamin A deficiency is unclear. CONCLUSIONS Africa has the highest incidence of OSSN in the world, where males and females are equally affected, unlike other continents where male disease predominates. African women probably have increased risk due to their higher prevalence of HIV and HPV infections. As the survival of HIV-infected people increases, and given no evidence that anti-retroviral therapy (ART) reduces the risk of OSSN, the incidence of OSSN may increase in coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Gichuhi
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of NairobiNairobi, Kenya
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical MedicineLondon, UK
| | - Mandeep S Sagoo
- Moorfields Eye HospitalLondon, UK
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College LondonUK
| | - Helen A Weiss
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical MedicineLondon, UK
| | - Matthew J Burton
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical MedicineLondon, UK
- Moorfields Eye HospitalLondon, UK
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Sirianni D, Leles CR, Mendonça EF. A 12-year retrospective survey of management of patients with malignant neoplasms in the orbital cavity in a brazilian cancer hospital. Open Dent J 2013; 7:140-5. [PMID: 24265651 PMCID: PMC3831304 DOI: 10.2174/1874210601307010140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Revised: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the distribution of different types of malignant tumors in the orbital cavity, surgical treatments, and subsequent prosthetic rehabilitation. Materials and Methods: A retrospective sample of 269 charts of patients attending a public reference cancer hospital in Goiania, Goias, Brazil, between 1998 and 2009 was selected. Study variables included demographic data, clinical and histopathological features, and patient rehabilitation. Frequency analysis, chi-square test and multiple logistic regression were used for data analysis. Results: Patients’ age ranged from 1 to 92 years and 50.2% were female. The most prevalent tumors were basal cell carcinoma (58%), retinoblastoma (17.1%), squamous cell carcinoma of the conjunctiva (7.1%), malignant melanoma (6.7%), and rhabdomyosarcoma (4.5%). Surgical treatment was performed in 250 patients (92.3%), but only 29 patients (10.8%) received ocular prosthetic rehabilitation. Lower age (p<0.001) and enucleation surgery (p<0.001) were significantly associated with prosthetic rehabilitation. Conclusions: Results revealed high occurrence of mutilating interventions and low provision of prosthetic care, limited to younger patients who had undergone enucleation surgery. The high unmet demand for rehabilitation emphasizes the need to incorporate appropriate care for ocular and orbital deformities into the Brazilian public health system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Sirianni
- Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Goias, Goiania, Goias, Brazil
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Wang PX, Koh VTC, Lun K, Sundar G. Survey on the management of orbital and intraocular tumors among oculofacial surgeons in the Asia-Pacific region. Int Ophthalmol 2013; 34:723-33. [PMID: 24085354 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-013-9859-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2013] [Accepted: 09/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A web-based anonymous survey was performed to assess the common practices of oculofacial surgeons in the management of orbital and intraocular tumors in the Asia-Pacific region. The questionnaire comprised a series of questions covering controversial topics sent via email to 131 oculofacial surgeons across 14 countries in the Asia-Pacific region. A total response rate of 61.7 % was achieved from May to December 2012. The most common benign orbital tumor was cavernous hemangioma (39.6 %) and the most common malignant orbital tumor was lymphoma (85.7 %). 40 % of surgeons recommended orbital radiation, for which the most common indications were thyroid eye disease (70.0 %) and malignancy (30.0 %). The most common orbitotomy approach was lateral (79.2 %). Most surgeons (87.1 %) offered enucleation for retinoblastoma, but there was also a significant proportion that offered chemoreduction with transpupillary thermotherapy or cryotherapy (58.1 %). Fewer surgeons offered brachytherapy (16.1 %) and intra-arterial chemotherapy (6.5 %). When performing enucleation for retinoblastoma, 81.8 % of surgeons performed a primary orbital implant placement. The most preferred type of implant was silicone/acrylic (90.2, 90.2 and 87.8 % for elderly, adults and children, respectively). The majority of surgeons used donor sclera (57.5 %) or no wrapping material at all (32.5 %). Almost all surgeons (95.1 %) did not drill and peg the implant for motility. We report the results of the first survey of oculofacial surgeons in the Asia-Pacific region on the management of intraocular and orbital tumors. In comparison with previous surveys performed in the USA and the UK, we found the practice patterns of the Asia-Pacific surgeons to be comparable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscilla Xinhui Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore,
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Lim FPM, Soh SY, Iyer JV, Tan AM, Swati H, Quah BL. Clinical profile, management, and outcome of retinoblastoma in singapore. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2013; 50:106-12. [PMID: 23244241 DOI: 10.3928/01913913-20121211-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2012] [Accepted: 10/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To analyze the clinical manifestations and treatment outcomes for patients with retinoblastoma in Singapore from 1997 to 2010. METHODS Medical records of 51 patients (67 eyes) diagnosed as having retinoblastoma were analyzed. Data on laterality, genetics, presentation, disease severity, treatment, and prognosis were collected. RESULTS The mean age of presentation was 25.7 ± 19.9 months. Sixteen (31.4%) of the patients had bilateral disease, of whom 2 had an associated pineal tumor. Leukocoria was the most common sign. Two had metastasis at diagnosis. Only 3 patients (5.9%) had a family history. Using the International Intraocular Retinoblastoma Classification, 6.0% were Group A, 6.0% were Group B, 3.0% were Group C, 38.8% were Group D, and 49.2% were Group E. Chemotherapy and focal therapy were administered for 4 of 35 (12.9%) patients with unilateral retinoblastoma (50% had successful globe preservation) and 13 of 16 (81.3%) patients with bilateral retinoblastoma (42.3% had successful globe preservation). Overall, globe preservation was achieved in 100% of Groups A, B, and C, and 23.1% of Group D cases. The 5-year survival rate overall, for unilateral retinoblastoma, and for bilateral retinoblastoma was 91%, 97%, and 76% respectively. CONCLUSION The overall 5-year survival rate is comparable to international data in most developed countries. However, most patients presented with advanced disease, making the rate of globe preservation lower than in some developed countries. Better education of the public and healthcare professionals may increase awareness and enable early detection of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Pin Miao Lim
- Singapore National Eye Centre and Department of Paediatric Haematology/Oncology,, K.K. Women and Children’s Hospital, Singapore
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Mondal SK, Nag DR, Bandyopadhyay R, Adhikari A, Mukhopadhyay S. Conjunctival biopsies and ophthalmic lesions: A histopathologic study in eastern India. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN MEDICAL SCIENCES : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF ISFAHAN UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2012; 17:1176-9. [PMID: 23853637 PMCID: PMC3703171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2012] [Revised: 06/05/2012] [Accepted: 06/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The conjunctiva is a thin and flexible mucus membrane that provides a protective barrier to the eye. Very few histopathologic studies have been conducted on conjunctival biopsies in eastern India. MATERIALS AND METHODS 120 conjunctival biopsies from 117 patients (76 males, 41 females) received during 8 years (January 2003-December 2010) were included in this study. RESULTS HISTOLOGIC DIAGNOSES WERE: degenerative lesions in 38 cases (31.66%), benign epithelial lesions in 23 cases (19.16%), premalignant and malignant epithelial lesions in 27 cases (22.5%), melanocytic lesions in 10 cases (8.33%), lymphoid in 7 cases (5.83%), and miscellaneous in 15 cases (12.5%). CONCLUSION Squamous papilloma was the commonest benign tumor, whereas the commonest malignant tumor was squamous cell carcinoma. Melanocytic lesions were less prevalent compared to other/western studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh K. Mondal
- Department of Pathology, Medical College, Kolkata, India,Address for correspondence: Dr. Santosh Kumar Mondal, “Teenkanya Complex,” Flat 1B, Block B, 204 R N Guha Road, Dumdum, Kolkata - 700028,. E-mail:
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Subramaniam MM, Tan M, Lee SY, Amrith S, Fredrik P, Ng SB. Concomitant squamous cell carcinoma and myeloid sarcoma in pre-existing pterygium of the conjunctiva: diagnostic challenges. J Clin Oncol 2012; 30:e115-8. [PMID: 22331932 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.39.7844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Manish Mani Subramaniam
- National University Health System and Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Abstract
AIMS To describe the incidence and relative frequencies of primary malignant orbital tumours in the Netherlands from 1989 to 2006. METHODS All registered primary malignant orbital tumours were extracted from the population-based database of the Netherlands Cancer Registry. Age-adjusted incidence of malignant orbital tumours per 10,000,000 persons per year and the estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) were computed. RESULTS A total of 367 malignant orbital tumours were registered. The average age-adjusted incidence of malignant orbital tumours is 10.9. Lymphoma has a relative frequency of 67%, rhabdomyosarcoma 12%, adenocarcinoma 6%, and adenoid cystic carcinoma 5%. The incidence of primary malignant orbital tumours has been increasing in the Netherlands (EAPC +2.8%). CONCLUSION In the Netherlands, lymphoma is the most common primary malignant orbital tumour, followed by rhabdomyosarcoma, adenocarcinoma, and adenoid cystic carcinoma. The relative frequencies of the different histological tumour types are comparable to the frequencies in other parts of the world. The incidence of malignant primary orbital tumours shows a slight increase between 1989 and 2006.
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Ng DSC, Chan E, Yau K, Chan CWN. Clinicopathological survey of 23 patients with lacrimal fossa lesions in Hong Kong. Int J Ophthalmol 2011; 4:311-3. [PMID: 22553669 DOI: 10.3980/j.issn.2222-3959.2011.03.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2011] [Accepted: 04/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To survey the clinicopathological correlations of lacrimal fossa lesions in the Hong Kong population. METHODS A total of 23 patients with lacrimal fossa lesions were identified radiologically. The mean age at the time of diagnosis was 52 year-old. The medical records of patients diagnosed with lacrimal fossa lesions and subsequently underwent radiological investigations were collected and reviewed retrospectively throughout a six years period from 2000 to 2006 from three regional hospitals (Tung Wah Eastern Hospital, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital and Queen Mary Hospital) belonging to the Hong Kong Mega Cluster. Patient demographics, presenting signs and symptoms, imaging modalities, pathological reports and subsequent management were recorded. RESULTS The most common initial presenting symptom was upper lid swelling (83%) followed by proptosis (13%). 19 patients (83%) had benign lacrimal fossa lesion and 4 patients (17%) had malignancy. Three of the malignancies were lymphomas and one was adenoid cystic carcinoma. CONCLUSION Age is an important factor in considering the differential diagnosis of lacrimal fossa lesion. Lymphoproliferative diseases have the highest incidence in patients over 60 years of age while inflammatory lesions are more common in younger patients in Hong Kong.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danny Siu-Chun Ng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tung Wah Eastern Hospital, Hong Kong, China
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Expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-9, and tissue inhibitor of MMP (TIMP)-1 in conjunctival melanomas and clinical implications. Jpn J Ophthalmol 2010; 54:221-6. [PMID: 20577856 DOI: 10.1007/s10384-009-0793-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2009] [Accepted: 12/28/2009] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-9, and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 in conjunctival melanomas and their correlations with clinicopathologic parameters and prognosis. METHODS Fourteen conjunctival melanoma tissue samples and nine conjunctival nevus tissue samples were stained immunohistochemically for MMP-2, MMP-9, and TIMP-1. Association of MMP-2, MMP-9, and TIMP-1 expression in melanoma tissues with clinical progression in terms of metastasis, recurrence, mitotic index, thickness, base diameter, and invasion depth was analyzed. RESULTS In the melanoma group, 78.6% of samples showed a positive reaction for MMP-2, 85.7% for MMP-9, and 100% for TIMP-1. In the nevus group, 11.1% showed a positive reaction for MMP-2, 66.7% for MMP-9, and 100% for TIMP-1. MMP-2 expression was significantly more induced in conjunctival melanoma than in benign nevi (P = 0.002). In conjunctival melanoma, MMP-9 expression was higher in tumors >1.5 mm thick (P = 0.026) and TIMP-1 expression was higher in recurrent cases (P = 0.03). There was no significant correlation between the expression and metastasis during the follow-up period (mean, 5 years). CONCLUSION MMP-2, MMP-9, and TIMP-1 were expressed in the majority of conjunctival melanomas, and MMP-2 might play a role in the development and clinical behavior of conjunctival melanoma.
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Aung L, Khyne T, Yeoh AEJ, Quah TC, Ta AM. Retinoblastoma: A Recent Experience at the National University Hospital, Singapore. ANNALS OF THE ACADEMY OF MEDICINE, SINGAPORE 2009. [DOI: 10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.v38n8p693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Retinoblastoma is a very rare disease. There were 30 cases of retinoblastoma diagnosed and treated at National University Hospital (NUH).
Materials and Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed on the medical records of 30 patients who were diagnosed with retinoblastoma between 1995 and 2008 at the Department of Paediatrics, National University Hospital, Singapore.
Results: The median age at diagnosis was 1.6 years (range, 0-5.9) with a median follow-up of 1.8 years (range, 0.1 to 11.6). The median time from presenting signs to the time of diagnosis was 5.2 months (range, 0-25.2). Common presenting signs of retinoblastoma were identified; the most common of which were leukocoria (50.0%), squinting (13.3%), poor vision (10.0%), strabismus (6.6%) and unknown (33.3%). Of the 30 patients, 10 were from Singapore whilst the other 20 patients were from the surrounding countries. Twelve patients had bilateral disease at the time of diagnosis, while 18 had unilateral disease. Staging information was available in 27 patients. Enucleation was performed in 25 of 30 patients. Radiation therapy was given in 3 patients in 1995 (bilateral disease), 2001 (bilateral disease) and 2003 (unilateral disease). At the time of analysis, 19 patients were alive with no evidence of disease. Overall 5-year survival for the cohort was 88.1% [95% confidence interval (CI), 88.0-100] and event-free survival for the whole cohort was 74.2% (95% CI, 55.8-92.6).
Conclusion: In our limited experience, the importance of collaboration and standardisation of the staging system, raising awareness and education of primary healthcare providers and parents are strongly stressed.
Key words: Asian experience, Outcome, Staging, Survival
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Affiliation(s)
- LeLe Aung
- National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | | | - Ah Moy Ta
- National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Shikishima K, Kawai K, Kitahara K. Pathological evaluation of orbital tumours in Japan: analysis of a large case series and 1379 cases reported in the Japanese literature. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2006; 34:239-44. [PMID: 16671904 DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-9071.2006.01192.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To review epidemiological features of orbital tumours in Japan. METHODS Retrospective, observational case series and systematic review. A total of 104 patients with orbital tumours collected at the authors' institution during 1983-2002 were assessed. In addition, 1379 cases from a large series of orbital tumours diagnosed by histopathological analysis that were previously published in Japanese ophthalmological journals from 1980 to 2004 were analysed. RESULTS After combining the current data with the previously published cases, there were a total of 1483 lesions with 47% classified as primary, 30% as secondary and 22% as inflammatory. The most common primary tumour was malignant lymphoma (12%) followed by pleomorphic adenoma (7%). Carcinomas from the lung, breast and thyroid were found to predominate among orbital metastases. Inflammatory pseudotumour had the highest lesion frequency (18%). CONCLUSIONS Malignant lymphoma by far was found to have the most dramatic increases within the recent reported series. Pleomorphic adenomas in Japan were found to be much more common compared with that reported for American and European studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keigo Shikishima
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan.
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Shields CL, Demirci H, Karatza E, Shields JA. Clinical survey of 1643 melanocytic and nonmelanocytic conjunctival tumors. Ophthalmology 2004; 111:1747-54. [PMID: 15350332 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2004.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2003] [Accepted: 02/29/2004] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To report the spectrum and frequency of melanocytic and nonmelanocytic conjunctival tumors in an ocular oncology practice. DESIGN Retrospective noninterventional case series. PARTICIPANTS One thousand six hundred forty-three consecutive patients with a conjunctival mass evaluated at an ocular oncology department. METHODS A chart review was conducted to obtain the clinical features of the patient and tumor and to tabulate and categorize the diagnoses. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Tumor diagnosis overall and relative to patient age, race, and gender and relative to tumor location and laterality. RESULTS In 1643 consecutive patients, the tumor was classified as melanocytic in 872 cases (53%) and nonmelanocytic in 771 cases (47%). The nonmelanocytic categories included congenital choristomatous (n = 40 [2%]), epithelial (n = 219 [13%]), vascular (n = 63 [4%]), fibrous (n = 7 [<1%]), neural (n = 1 [<1%]), xanthomatous (n = 1 [<1%]), myxomatous (n = 1 [<1%]), lipomatous (n = 23 [1%]), lacrimal gland origin (n = 12 [<1%]), lymphoid (n = 128 [8%]), leukemic (n = 3 [<1%]), metastatic (n = 13 [<1%]), secondary (n = 54 [3%]) tumors, and non-neoplastic lesions simulating a tumor (n = 206 [13%]). Of the 872 melanocytic lesions, the specific tumor diagnosis was nevus in 454 cases (52%), melanoma in 215 (25%), and primary acquired melanosis in 180 (21%). Patients with choristomatous, vascular, fibrous, xanthomatous, and myxomatous tumors presented at a mean age of <40 years, and those with malignant epithelial, lipomatous, leukemic, and secondary tumors presented at a mean age of >60. Of the 219 patients with epithelial tumors, 80% occurred in males, whereas the incidence of melanocytic lesions was equal in males and females. African-American patients represented only 7% of epithelial tumors, <1% of melanomas, and 8% of lymphoid tumors. CONCLUSION Conjunctival tumors were of melanocytic origin in 53% of cases and nonmelanocytic origin in 47%. Overall, melanocytic tumors, epithelial tumors, and lymphoid tumors accounted for 74% of all cases. These tumors were far more common in Caucasian patients, and epithelial tumors were found more frequently in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol L Shields
- Ocular Oncology Service, Wills Eye Hospital, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, USA
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Abstract
PURPOSE To describe the incidence and histologic patterns of eye cancers in Chinese in Taiwan. METHODS Beginning in 1979, cases of cancer in Taiwan were reported to the Taiwan National Cancer Registry. Information on all Chinese patients diagnosed with eye malignancies under the International Classification of Disease, Ninth Revision, site 190, was retrieved for analysis from the data bank of the Taiwan National Cancer Registry. RESULTS In all, 733 cases with primary eye cancers were identified from 1979 to 1996, an 18-year period. The average annual age-standardized incidence of eye cancers was 2.46 per million population (2.57 for male and 2.33 for female). For cases less than 15 years of age, the most common eye malignancy was retinoblastoma (86.0%), followed by rhabdomyosarcoma (3.9%) and lymphoma (2.8%). For cases 15 years of age or older, the most common eye malignancy was melanoma (28.6%), followed by squamous cell sarcoma (21.0%) and lymphoma (20.8%). CONCLUSIONS The time trends of the incidence of eye cancers were relatively stable over the 18-year period in Taiwan. Retinobalstoma, melanoma, and lymphoma were the three most common eye cancers in this Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- C-Y Cheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Thakur SKD, Sah SP, Lakhey M, Badhu BP. Primary malignant tumours of eye and adnexa in Eastern Nepal. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2004; 31:415-7. [PMID: 14516429 DOI: 10.1046/j.1442-9071.2003.00688.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of the present paper was to report the spectrum of primary malignant tumours of eye and adnexa at BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Nepal, from 1995 to 2000. METHODS A retrospective study of medical records with histopathological confirmation of malignant tumours of the eye and adnexa was done for the years 1995-2000. A total of 116 consecutive medical records from the Department of Pathology at BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences were retrieved. All those patients with primary ophthalmic malignancies were included and non-malignant cases were excluded. RESULTS There were 80 patients of which 39 (48.8%) were male and 41 (51.2%) were female. Four patients had bilateral involvement. The most common malignancy was retinoblastoma (45.2%), followed by basal cell carcinoma (22.6%). CONCLUSION Retinoblastoma is the most common eye cancer. The incidence of melanomas is correspondingly lower than that reported in the West. The present pilot study, the first of its kind, will lay the foundation for the monitoring of the future pattern of ophthalmic malignancies in Nepal and provide a basis for comparison elsewhere.
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