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Kazemi A, Soltani S, Aune D, Hosseini E, Mokhtari Z, Hassanzadeh Z, Jayedi A, Pitanga F, Akhlaghi M. Leisure-time and occupational physical activity and risk of cardiovascular disease incidence: a systematic-review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2024; 21:45. [PMID: 38659024 PMCID: PMC11044601 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-024-01593-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Physical activity has benefits for the cardiovascular system, however, what levels and types of activity provide optimal cardiovascular health is unclear. We aimed to determine the level of physical activity that has the most benefits against cardiovascular diseases (CVD). METHODS PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched for prospective cohort studies on leisure-time (LTPA) or occupational physical activity (OPA) as the exposure and major types of CVD (total CVD, coronary heart disease [CHD], stroke, and atrial fibrillation [AF]) incidence as the outcome. Risk of bias of studies was evaluated using the ROBINS-I tool. Summary hazard ratios (HR) were calculated using random-effects pairwise model. RESULTS A total of 103 studies were included in the analysis. The highest versus the lowest LTPA was associated with a lower risk of overall CVD (HR = 0.81; 95% CI: 0.77-0.86), CHD (HR = 0.83; 0.79-0.88), and stroke (HR = 0.83; 0.79-0.88), but not AF (HR = 0.98; 0.92-1.05). Linear dose-response analyses showed a 10%, 12%, 9%, and 8% risk reduction in CVD, CHD, stroke, and AF incidence, respectively, for every 20 MET-hours/week increase in LTPA. In nonlinear dose-response analyses, there were inverse associations up to 20 MET-hours/week with 19% and 20% reduction in CVD and CHD risk, and up to 25 MET-hours/week with 22% reduction in stroke, with no further risk reduction at higher LTPA levels. For AF, there was a U-shaped nonlinear association with the maximum 8% risk reduction at 10 MET-hours/week of LTPA. Higher levels of OPA were not associated with risk of CVD, CHD, stroke, or AF. CONCLUSIONS Overall, results showed an inverse dose-response relationship between LTPA and risk of CVD, CHD, stroke, and AF. Running was the most beneficial LTPA but the risk was similar among various LTPA intensities. OPA showed no benefits in total or any type of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Kazemi
- Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sepideh Soltani
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Dagfinn Aune
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Nutrition, Oslo New University College, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Elham Hosseini
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zeinab Mokhtari
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zahra Hassanzadeh
- Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ahmad Jayedi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | | | - Masoumeh Akhlaghi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Razi Blvd, 7153675541, Shiraz, Iran.
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Xia T, Li J, Chen L. Association of Occupational and Leisure-Time Physical Activity With Allostatic Load. Am J Prev Med 2024:S0749-3797(24)00134-X. [PMID: 38648906 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2024.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Leisure-time physical activity decreases allostatic load, a measure of burden of chronic stress. However, the role of occupational physical activity is unknown. This study examined associations of occupational physical activity and leisure-time physical activity with allostatic load among workers in the U.S. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 6,944 U.S. workers aged 20-64 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2007-2018). Physical activity was assessed using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire. Allostatic load was calculated using biomarkers of cardiovascular, metabolic, and immune systems. Associations of occupational physical activity and leisure-time physical activity with allostatic load were examined using negative binomial regressions. Analyses were conducted between August 2022 and March 2023. RESULTS Vigorous leisure-time physical activity inversely associated with allostatic load among all workers (count ratio=0.68, 95% CI=0.62, 0.76) and in each sex- and age-stratified group as well as in each race/ethnicity-stratified group. Vigorous occupational physical activity positively associated with allostatic load only among females aged 20-44 years (1.38, 95% CI=1.10, 1.73). Inverse associations of vigorous leisure-time physical activity with allostatic load were similar in young females with high or low vigorous occupational physical activity. CONCLUSIONS Increasing vigorous leisure-time physical activity associates with a lower allostatic load for all workers, whereas increasing vigorous occupational physical activity associates with a higher allostatic load only in young females. Promoting vigorous leisure-time physical activity reduces allostatic load among young females with either low or high vigorous occupational physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Xia
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; School of Nursing, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Liwei Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
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Han Y, Sung H, Choi Y, Kim YS. Trends in obesity, leisure-time physical activity, and sedentary behavior in Korean adults: Korea national health and nutritional examinations survey from 2014 to 2021. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0296042. [PMID: 38170709 PMCID: PMC10763961 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate trends in obesity by dividing it based on body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference indicators, sedentary behavior, and leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) in Korean adults from 2014 to 2021. This study also aimed to determine the adherence rate of people with obesity to physical activity. METHODS Data from the Korea National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (KNHANES) from 2014 to 2021 were used. A total of 42,676 participants 19 years or older were included in the final analysis. Sociodemographic characteristics, anthropometric measurements, and physical activity levels were recorded. Physical activity levels were assessed using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire, a self-reported questionnaire. Multivariable logistic regression analysis adjusted for covariates was used to investigate the prevalence of obesity and sitting time or adherence to meeting the physical activity guidelines for each survey year. RESULTS This study included 42,676 adults. The weighted prevalence of obesity in all ages significantly increased from 30.8% (29.1%-32.5%) in 2014 to 34.5% (32.9%-36.2%) in 2017 and 37.3% (35.5%-39.1%) in 2021 (p for trend < 0.004). The weighted adherence rate to LTPA ranged from 25.5% (95% confidence interval [CI], 23.7%-27.2%) in 2014 to 20.5% (95% CI, 18.7%-22.2%) in 2021(p for trend < 0.001). The weighted prevalence of sitting time for 8 h/day or more significantly increased from 46.7% (44.4%-49.0%) in 2014 to 56.2% (54.4%-58.0%) in 2017 and 63% (60.7%-65.3%) in 2021 (p for trend < 0.001). According to this study, the LTPA level among women with obesity was significantly low. CONCLUSION From 2014 to 2021, obesity and sedentary behavior significantly increased and adherence to LTPA decreased among Korean adults. Given these concerning trends, comprehensive interventions are needed at the national level to encourage healthy lifestyle behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunmin Han
- Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoyong Sung
- Department of Military Kinesiology, Korea Military Academy, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Yeon Soo Kim
- Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Sports Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Cho MJ, Jung YJ, Min HJ, Kim HJ, Kunutsor SK, Jae SY. Sex disparities in physical activity domains and hypertension prevalence. Clin Hypertens 2024; 30:1. [PMID: 38163915 PMCID: PMC10759492 DOI: 10.1186/s40885-023-00260-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to examine the associations of leisure time physical activity (LTPA) and occupational physical activity (OPA) with the prevalence of hypertension, while exploring the sex disparities in these associations. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey between 2014 and 2019 (n = 26,534). Hypertension was defined as the use of antihypertensive drugs or systolic and diastolic blood pressure ≥ 140/90 mm Hg. Self-reported physical activity (PA), assessed by the global PA questionnaire, was categorized into three domains: total PA, LTPA and OPA. Each PA domain was classified based on METs-min/wk and intensity. RESULTS In a multivariable adjusted model, the odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the prevalence of hypertension in the active versus inactive group, based on METs, was 0.92 (95% CI 0.85-0.99) for total PA, 0.90 (95% CI 0.83-0.98) for LTPA and 1.21 (95% CI 1.05-1.38) for OPA. Compared to the inactive group, moderate to vigorous intensity was associated with a lower odds of hypertension for total PA and LTPA (total PA: OR 0.95, 95% CI 0.89-1.00 and LTPA: OR 0.92, 95% CI 0.86-0.98), but a higher odd for OPA (OR 1.17, 95% CI 1.05-1.30). Subgroup analyses showed significant evidence of effect modification by sex on the associations of total PA and LTPA (METs and intensity) with hypertension prevalence (p-values for interaction < 0.01); the associations were generally stronger for women. OPA was associated with a higher prevalence of hypertension in women, but not in men (p-value for interaction > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Higher levels of total PA and LTPA were associated with lower prevalence of hypertension in both men and women, with slightly stronger associations for women. However, higher OPA was associated with a higher prevalence of hypertension in women. These findings support the PA health paradox hypothesis and highlight the sex disparities in the association between OPA and hypertension prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jeong Cho
- Department of Sport Science, University of Seoul, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Joon Jung
- Department of Sport Science, University of Seoul, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Jeong Min
- Department of Sport Science, University of Seoul, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jeong Kim
- Department of Sport Science, University of Seoul, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Setor K Kunutsor
- Diabetes Research Centre, Leicester General Hospital, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Sae Young Jae
- Department of Sport Science, University of Seoul, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Graduate School of Urban Public Health, University of Seoul, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Gallagher J, Carr LJ. Internal but Not External Building Design Associated With More Occupational Physical Activity. HERD-HEALTH ENVIRONMENTS RESEARCH & DESIGN JOURNAL 2024; 17:209-223. [PMID: 37551438 DOI: 10.1177/19375867231192117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have explored the impact of internal building design features on physical activity. The purpose of this study is to determine building design features associate with physical activity and sedentary behaviors. METHODS Full-time workers (n = 114) wore an ActivPal monitor for 4 work days to measure physical activity and sedentary behaviors. Participants completed a 25-item survey about the presence of external, internal, and staircase design features at their worksite. Participants also reported their desk type. General linear models were used to examine relations between the number of features present for each category and physical activity (steps per hour) and sedentary behavior (sitting time per hour). RESULTS Internal design scores were positively associated with occupational physical activity. Each single item increase in facilitating internal design features was associated with +64.5 steps/hr (p = .045) at work. Workers who reported having a desk job walked 538 fewer steps/hr (p < .01) and sat 17 min more/hr at work than workers who reported not having a desk. CONCLUSION These results suggest that internal design features can promote more movement and less sitting at work. Future studies that examine the longitudinal effect of changing internal design features on occupational physical activity and sedentary behaviors are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Gallagher
- Behavioral Medicine Laboratory, Department of Health and Human Physiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Lucas J Carr
- Behavioral Medicine Laboratory, Department of Health and Human Physiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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Kraft AM, Velasco Garrido M, Herold R, Harth V, Preisser AM. Physical workload and cardiopulmonary parameters in relation to individual capacity of bulk waste workers - a cross-sectional field-study. J Occup Med Toxicol 2023; 18:29. [PMID: 38102679 PMCID: PMC10724959 DOI: 10.1186/s12995-023-00389-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Waste collection is considered particularly heavy work, although no previous study has yet investigated the strain of bulk waste collection. The aim of this study is to determine the workload of bulk waste workers in practice. METHOD We conducted a cross-sectional field-study. Fourteen male volunteers from the bulk waste collection of the municipal sanitation department in Hamburg, Germany, were included. Performance was determined by cardiopulmonary exercise testing under laboratory conditions. During the shift, each worker was accompanied by a researcher, and heart rate (HR) was recorded under field conditions using an HR watch with a belt system. We examined mean HR, relative heart rate (RHR), relative aerobic strain (RAS), calculated oxygen uptake ([Formula: see text]) and individual ventilatory threshold 1 (VT1) as parameters of workload during their daily work. RESULTS During the shift, HR was scaled: 102 bpm (SD 10.2), RHR: 36.9%, [Formula: see text]: 1267 ml/min (SD 161), RAS: 49.4% (SD 9.3), and [Formula: see text] in relation to VT1: 75% (SD 18.5). There was no significant difference between oxygen consumption during the main task of lifting and carrying bulky waste and the individual [Formula: see text] at VT1. CONCLUSION Although the burden of the main task of lifting and carrying bulky waste is very high (at VT1 for more than 3 h), interruptions from other tasks or formal breaks spread the burden over the entire shift. The total workload exceeded most recommendations in the literature across the different work periods. However, the total burden remains below VT1, the only parameter that takes individual endurance performance into account. We recommend again VT1 as an individual upper limit for prolonged occupational work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Michael Kraft
- Institute for Occupational and Maritime Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Seewartenstrasse 10, 20459, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marcial Velasco Garrido
- Institute for Occupational and Maritime Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Seewartenstrasse 10, 20459, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Robert Herold
- Institute for Occupational and Maritime Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Seewartenstrasse 10, 20459, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Volker Harth
- Institute for Occupational and Maritime Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Seewartenstrasse 10, 20459, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alexandra Marita Preisser
- Institute for Occupational and Maritime Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Seewartenstrasse 10, 20459, Hamburg, Germany.
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Nganabashaka JP, Niyibizi JB, Umwali G, Rulisa S, M. Bavuma C, Byiringiro JC, Ntawuyirushintege S, Niyomugabo PC, Izerimana L, Tumusiime D. The effects of COVID-19 mitigation measures on physical activity (PA) participation among adults in Rwanda: An online cross-sectional survey. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0293231. [PMID: 37943889 PMCID: PMC10635554 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION More than a third of the world's population was under full or partial lockdown during COVID-19 by April 2020. Such mitigation measures might have affected participation in various Physical activity (PA) and increased sedentary time. This study aimed to assess the effect of the COVID-19 mitigation measures on participation of adults in various PA types in Rwanda. METHODS We collected data from conveniently selected participants at their respective PA sites. We assessed the variation in time spent doing in four types of PA (Work related PA, PA in and around home, transportation PA and recreation, sport, and leisure purpose) across different pandemic period. We also evaluated the sedentary time over the weekdays and on the weekends. RESULTS A total of 1136 participants completed online assisted questionnaire. 71.4% were male, 83% of the study participants aged 18 to 35 years (mean = 29, (standard deviation = 7.79). Mean time spent doing vigorous PA as part of the work dropped from 84.5 minutes per day before COVID-19 to 58.6 minutes per day during lockdown and went back to 81.5 minutes per day after the lockdown. Time spent sitting on weekdays increased from 163 before COVID-19 to 244.5 minutes during lockdown and to 166.8 minutes after lockdown. Sitting time on weekend increased from 150 before COVID-19 to 235 minutes during lockdown and to 151 minutes after lockdown. Sleeping time on weekdays increased from 7.5 hours per day before COVID-19 to 9.9 hours during lockdown and to 7.5 hours after lockdown while it increased from 8 hours before COVID-19 to 10 hours during lockdown and to 8 hours per day after lockdown during weekends. CONCLUSION The study emphasizes the significance of diverse PA, including home-based programs, during pandemics like COVID-19. It suggests promoting PA types like work-related, transportation, and domestic works during lockdown and similar period.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jean Berchmans Niyibizi
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda
- Global Public Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ghislaine Umwali
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Stephen Rulisa
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Charlotte M. Bavuma
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda
| | | | | | | | - Lambert Izerimana
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - David Tumusiime
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda
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Lin B, Zhang Z, Zhang W, Zhang C, Xue L, An B, Wang K. Associations of physical activity types and intensity with cardiovascular diseases by age and gender among 18,730 Chinese adults. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14623. [PMID: 37670128 PMCID: PMC10480160 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41768-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The associations of physical activity (PA) intensity and types with CVD (cardiovascular diseases) in different population are inconsistent and remains not very clear. A total of 7854 males and 10,876 females over 15 years were selected by multistage random sampling methods. In males, moderate-intensity physical activity (MPA) had no effect, while vigorous-intensity physical activity (VPA) played a significant protective role (OR = 1.319 and 0.615). However, in females, both MPA and VPA had significant protective effects (OR = 0.593 and 0.537). VPA presented as a significant protective factor in stroke patients and combined CVDs for males in all age groups; however, in females, the results suggested that, for those aged over 60-74 years, MPA was a protective factor. Furthermore, for the middle-aged or younger participants, the area under the curves (AUCs) of work, housework, and leisure activity were generally higher than that of other types, while for patients aged over 60 years, the AUCs of sedentary time and sleep activity seemed much higher. VPA had a better protective effect for preventing cardiovascular events, while the young and female population could benefit from MPA as well. Regardless of the types of PA, leisure activities were strongly recommended, and young people were much more likely to benefit from exercise than older people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beilei Lin
- Nursing and Health School of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Huaxian People Hospital of Henan Province, Anyang, China
| | - Zhenxiang Zhang
- Nursing and Health School of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Weihong Zhang
- Nursing and Health School of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chunhui Zhang
- Nursing and Health School of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lihong Xue
- Huaxian People Hospital of Henan Province, Anyang, China
| | - Baoxia An
- Huaxian People Hospital of Henan Province, Anyang, China
| | - Kaijuan Wang
- Public Health School of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
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de Lucena Alves CP, Crochemore-Silva I, Lima NP, Coenen P, Horta BL. Prospective Association of Occupational and Leisure-Time Physical Activity With Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Early Adulthood: Findings From Pelotas (Brazil) 1982 Birth Cohort. J Phys Act Health 2023; 20:832-839. [PMID: 37491012 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2022-0610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The benefits of physical activity in health outcomes are well established. However, recent evidence suggests that benefits may differ by domain and population. Thus, we aimed to investigate the prospective association of occupational (OPA) and leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) with cardiovascular risk factors. METHODS In 1982, the maternity hospitals of Pelotas were visited daily; those live births whose families lived in urban areas were evaluated, and their mothers were later interviewed (n = 5914). In the 2004/5 follow-up (23 y old), both OPA and LTPA were measured in 4295 participants using their respective sections of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. In the 2012 follow-up (30 y old), the following cardiovascular risk factors were collected: high-density lipoprotein (in milligrams per deciliter), low-density lipoprotein (in milligrams per deciliter), triglycerides (in milligrams per deciliter), glucose (in milligrams per deciliter), and blood pressure (in millimeters of mercury). Multivariable linear regressions were performed to evaluate associations between OPA and LTPA with these specific cardiovascular risk factors. RESULTS In total, 3241 participants were analyzed. Our main findings suggest that there was no association between OPA and LTPA with high- and low-density lipoprotein. There were inverse associations between OPA and lower levels of triglycerides among males (β = -0.002; 95% confidence interval, -0.003 to -0.000) and positive associations between LTPA and higher levels of diastolic blood pressure among females (β = 0.111; 95% confidence interval, 0.005-0.216). CONCLUSION In conclusion, our findings suggest that there was no association, or association with limited clinical relevance, of OPA and LTPA with cardiovascular risk factors in early adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Inácio Crochemore-Silva
- Graduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS,Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS,Brazil
| | - Natália P Lima
- Graduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS,Brazil
| | - Pieter Coenen
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam,The Netherlands
| | - Bernardo Lessa Horta
- Graduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS,Brazil
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Zirilli A, Ruggeri RM, Barbalace MC, Hrelia S, Giovanella L, Campennì A, Cannavò S, Alibrandi A. The Influence of Food Regimes on Oxidative Stress: A Permutation-Based Approach Using the NPC Test. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2263. [PMID: 37628461 PMCID: PMC10454221 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11162263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: This paper aims to assess the existence of significant differences between two dietary regimes (omnivorous vs. semi-vegetarian) with reference to some oxidative stress markers (SOD, GPx, TRxR, GR, AGEs, and AOPPs) using non-parametric combination methodology based on a permutation test. (2) Methods: At the endocrinology unit of Messina University Hospital, two hundred subjects were asked to fill out a questionnaire about their dietary habits. None were under any pharmacological treatment. Using the NPC test, all comparisons were performed stratifying patients according to gender, age (≤40 or >40 years), BMI (normal weight vs. overweight), physical activity (sedentary vs. active lifestyle), TSH, FT4 levels in quartiles, and diagnosis of Hashimoto's thyroiditis. We evaluated differences in oxidative stress parameters in relation to two examined dietary regimes (omnivorous vs. semi-vegetarian). (3) Results: The antioxidant parameters GPx and TRxR were significantly lower in subjects with an omnivorous diet than in semi-vegetarians, particularly in females, both age groups, subjects with normal weight, those not affected by Hashimoto's thyroiditis, and both the sedentary and active lifestyle groups. Finally, the AGE and AOPP markers were significantly lower in semi-vegetarians. (4) Conclusion: Thanks to the NPC methodology, we can state that dietary patterns exert a significant influence on some oxidative stress parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Zirilli
- Department of Economics, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy;
| | - Rosaria Maddalena Ruggeri
- Department of Human Pathology of Adults and Developmental Age “G. Barresi”, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (R.M.R.); (S.C.)
| | - Maria Cristina Barbalace
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (M.C.B.); (S.H.)
| | - Silvana Hrelia
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (M.C.B.); (S.H.)
| | - Luca Giovanella
- Clinic for Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Imaging Institute of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland;
- Clinic for Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Zürich, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Alfredo Campennì
- Unit of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy;
| | - Salvatore Cannavò
- Department of Human Pathology of Adults and Developmental Age “G. Barresi”, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (R.M.R.); (S.C.)
| | - Angela Alibrandi
- Department of Economics, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy;
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Zimmerman SM, Scott KA, Wingate KC, Ramirez-Cardenas A, Pompei R, Hagan-Haynes K, Hill R, Wood E. Working Alone and/or in Remote Locations: Opportunities to Prevent the Risk of Fatality From Cardiovascular Events in Oil and Gas Extraction Workers. J Occup Environ Med 2023; 65:481-487. [PMID: 36962079 PMCID: PMC10239358 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000002851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study is to explore personal and work factors related to fatal cardiac events among oil and gas extraction (OGE) workers. METHODS The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Fatalities in Oil and Gas Extraction database was reviewed to identify fatal cardiac events among OGE workers from 2014 through 2019. A case series design was used to review case files, provide descriptive statistics, and summarize the findings. RESULTS There were 75 fatalities identified, including 55 (73%) with sufficient information for review. Of the 55 workers, 18 (33%) worked alone. Thirty-six fatal cardiac events (66%) were unwitnessed by a coworker. Toxicology findings suggested some possible exposures to hydrogen sulfide or hydrocarbon gases or vapors. Missing data were common. CONCLUSIONS This study identified the need for cardiovascular disease prevention and treatment, emergency preparedness, lone worker programs, medical screening, and enhanced exposure control in the OGE industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Richard Pompei
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado, CU Anschutz, Aurora, CO
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12
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Park Y, Sinn DH, Kim K, Gwak GY. Associations of physical activity domains and muscle strength exercise with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a nation-wide cohort study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4724. [PMID: 36959316 PMCID: PMC10036618 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31686-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
It is unclear if various types and domains of exercise have an identical effect on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Thus, this study aimed to investigate associations of different physical activity domains and muscle strength exercise with NAFLD using a nation-wide cohort database. Adults aged 20-79 years who participated in the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey between 2014 and 2018 were analyzed. Hepatic steatosis index was used to identify NAFLD. Physical activity was assessed with the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire. Of 21,015 participants, 4942 (23.5%) had NAFLD. Participants with ≥ 150 min/week of total physical activity had a lower risk of NAFLD than those with < 150 min/week (the fully adjusted OR: 0.86, 95% CI 0.78-0.95). When the individual domain of physical activity was assessed, ≥ 150 min/week of recreation activity was associated with a reduced risk of NAFLD (OR: 0.77, 95% CI 0.67-0.88), whereas ≥ 150 min/week of travel or work activity was not. The fully adjusted OR for NAFLD comparing participants with ≥ 2/week to those with < 2/week of muscle strength exercise was 0.83 (95% CI 0.73-0.94). Muscle strength exercise ≥ 2/week showed a lower risk of NAFLD for all levels of total and each specific domains of physical activity except for ≥ 150 min/week of work activity. An increased level of physical activity and muscle strength exercise was associated with a reduced risk of NAFLD, albeit the effect varied depending on domains of physical activity. Thus, physical activity should be differentiated by domains for the management of NAFLD. Muscle strength exercise could also be a good option for individuals who could not perform moderate-to-vigorous physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yewan Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Digital Health, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Sinn
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyunga Kim
- Department of Digital Health, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
- Statistics and Data Center, Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Geum-Youn Gwak
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Ketels M, Belligh T, De Bacquer D, Clays E. Are Psychosocial Resources Buffering the Relation Between Physical Work Behaviors and Need for Recovery? Int J Public Health 2022; 67:1604787. [PMID: 36589477 PMCID: PMC9800507 DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2022.1604787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: We investigate whether job control and/or social support at work play a buffering role in the relation between various physical work behaviors and Need for Recovery (NFR) among employees with physically demanding jobs. Methods: Our findings are based on data from 332 workers. The Job Content Questionnaire was used to assess job control, social support and specific physically demanding tasks. General physical work behaviors were measured by two Axivity AX3 accelerometers. The NFR Scale (0-11) was used to assess NFR. We used multiple linear regression models. Results: Sitting at work turned out to be negatively associated with NFR, whereas physically demanding tasks were associated positively with NFR. Our results show a significant buffering role for job control on the correlation between sitting, physically demanding tasks and NFR, but not for social support. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that higher job control might be beneficial to reduce high NFR and eventually may help to reduce early drop-out and sickness absence. Further research is called for to confirm the buffering role of job control and to investigate the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margo Ketels
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium,*Correspondence: Margo Ketels,
| | - Thomas Belligh
- Department of Linguistics, Faculty of Arts and Philosophy, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dirk De Bacquer
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Els Clays
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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14
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Esquirol Y, Huo Yung Kai S, Carles C, Marquié JC, Fernandez A, Bongard V, Ferrières J. Exposure to environmental occupational constraints and all-cause mortality: Results for men and women from a 20-year follow-up prospective cohort, the VISAT study. Be aware of shift-night workers! Front Public Health 2022; 10:1014517. [PMID: 36438211 PMCID: PMC9687385 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1014517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To determine the predictive value of the large panel of occupational constraints (OC) on all-cause mortality with a 20-year follow-up, in general population of workers. Methods In VISAT prospective cohort study, 3,138 workers (1,605 men; 1,533 women) were recruited during the periodic work health visits conducted by occupational physicians. OC (physical, organizational, psychological and employment categories) were collected through self-questionnaires. Exposure durations of each OC were divided by tertile distribution. Cox-regression models were performed to analyze the associations between all-cause mortality and each OC first separately and simultaneously in a single model. Results The mortality rates were higher among exposed participants to most of OC compared to those unexposed. Being exposed and longer exposure increased the risks of all-cause mortality for exposures to carrying heavy loads, loud noise, working more than 48 h/week, starting its first job before 18 years old although these risks became non-significant after adjustments for cardiovascular risk factors. Shift work and night work confirmed a high risk of mortality whatever the adjustments and notably when the other occupational exposures were taking into account, with, respectively: HR: 1.38 (1.01-1.91) and 1.44 (1.06-1.95). After adjustments being exposed more than 13 years to a work requiring getting-up before 5:00 a.m. and more than 16 years in rotating shift work significantly increased the risk of mortality by one and a half. Conclusion The links between each OC and all-cause mortality and the role of individual factors were stressed. For night-shift workers, it is urgent to implement preventive strategies at the workplace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolande Esquirol
- 1UMR 1295, Centre d'Epidémiologie et de Recherche en santé des Populations, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III – Inserm, Toulouse, France,2Occupational Health Department, CHU-Toulouse, Toulouse, France,*Correspondence: Yolande Esquirol
| | | | - Camille Carles
- 4Occupational Health Department, Equipe EPICENE, CHU de Bordeaux, University Bordeaux, Inserm UMR 1219, Bordeaux, France
| | - Jean-Claude Marquié
- 5Cognition, Langues, Langage, Ergonomie, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Université Toulouse 2 Jean Jaures, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Audrey Fernandez
- 6UMR 1295, Centre d'Epidémiologie et de Recherche en santé des POPulations, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III–Inserm, Toulouse, France
| | - Vanina Bongard
- 7Epidemiology Department CHU de Toulouse, UMR 1295, Centre d'Epidémiologie et de Recherche en santé des POPulations, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III-Inserm, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean Ferrières
- 8Department of Cardiology, CHU de Toulouse, UMR 1295, Centre d'Epidémiologie et de Recherche en santé des POPulations, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III–Inserm, Toulouse, France
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15
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Davenport TE, Griech SF, Deamer KE, Gale LR. Beyond "Exercise as Medicine" in Physical Therapy: Toward the Promotion of Exercise as a Public Good. Phys Ther 2022; 102:6618282. [PMID: 35778932 DOI: 10.1093/ptj/pzac087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Physical therapists are uniquely positioned through their knowledge and skills to help people become more physically active, which may reduce the consequences of physical inactivity for health-related quality of life and the global economy. The "Exercise Is Medicine" campaign was introduced in 2007. It holds that exercise may be prescribed like a medicine. Although this analogy doubtlessly has promoted innumerable life-changing conversations between clinicians and patients, there are important shortcomings to considering physical activity and exercise as medicine. In the United States, many of these shortcomings relate to how medical services are provided and remunerated. Medical care is provided in the context of exclusive groups, which are established by insurance, preferred service populations, or other characteristics that determine a basis for providing care. Exclusivity means that medical care is frequently provided in a type of club. The club structure of medical care jeopardizes the ability of nonmembers to benefit. Medical care clubs based on payment create an environment in which nonpaying customers may not benefit in the same manner as paying customers from approaches that consider exercise prescribed as medicine. This clinical perspective reviews the characteristics of exercise as a good, focusing on how it is prescribed by physical therapists. It discusses how physical therapists may become involved in the process of making exercise a public good by reducing its exclusivity. Multiple levels of involvement are recommended at the societal, community, and individual levels. These involvements may be guided by an existing construct proposed by the World Health Organization, which would bring the global physical therapy profession into a common alignment. This Perspective concludes with a discussion that anticipates the shortcomings of conceptualizing exercise as a public good to be addressed in future service delivery models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd E Davenport
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton, California, USA
| | - Sean F Griech
- Department of Physical Therapy, DeSales University, Center Valley, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Lewis R Gale
- Eberhardt School of Business, University of the Pacific, Stockton, California, USA
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16
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Is the Prevalence of Low Physical Activity among Teachers Associated with Depression, Anxiety, and Stress? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19148868. [PMID: 35886716 PMCID: PMC9320074 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19148868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the levels of stress, depression, and anxiety among Polish secondary school teachers and their association with selected psychosocial, sociodemographic, and lifestyle factors. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 116 Polish teachers in 2019, using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire—Short Form (IPAQ-SF), the Depression and Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21), and author questionnaire including psychosocial factors specific to the respondents’ work environment. The prevalence of moderately to extremely severe levels of depression, anxiety, and symptoms of stress in teachers was 18.1%, 22.4%, and 51.7%, respectively. Among respondents with moderate or high physical activity level (PAL), normal or mild levels of depression (OR = 3.62; CI [1.31–10.03]), anxiety (OR = 2.61; CI [1.01–6.73]), and stress (OR = 2.79; CI [1.16–6.69]) were more common. The level of individual symptoms of mental disorders was higher than indicated by previous Polish reports. Given that teachers’ low PAL is significantly related to their moderately to extremely severe levels of stress, depression, and anxiety, we suggest running leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) enhancement programs and supporting the leadership of school management and the higher-education system in this regard.
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Luo M, Gupta N, Holtermann A, Stamatakis E, Ding D. Revisiting the 'physical activity paradox' in a Chinese context: Occupational physical activity and mortality in 142,302 urban working adults from the China Kadoorie Biobank study. THE LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. WESTERN PACIFIC 2022; 23:100457. [PMID: 35602414 PMCID: PMC9120052 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2022.100457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research suggests that while leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) is beneficial, occupational physical activity (OPA) may be detrimental to health, known as the 'physical activity paradox'. However, the current evidence is primarily based on data from Western countries. We examined the association of OPA with all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality in working adults in urban China. METHODS This prospective longitudinal study was based on a sample of 142,302 urban working adults aged 30-79 years from the China Kadoorie Biobank study. Self-reported OPA (mainly sedentary, standing occupation, and manual work) was collected at baseline (year 2004-2008) and linked to death registries until 31st December 2016. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine the relationship between OPA and mortality outcomes, with further tests for effect modification by sex, educational attainment and LTPA. FINDINGS During a median follow-up of 10·2 years, 4,077 deaths occurred, of which cardiovascular disease was the primary cause for 727 deaths. Crude modelling showed that compared with the sedentary workers, manual work was associated with increased risk of all-cause mortality. However, after adjusting for socio-demographic and lifestyle variables, the association was attenuated to null (HR=1·00, 95%CI: 0·93-1·08). In subgroup analysis, higher OPA was associated with lower risk of all-cause mortality in the least educated group (HR=0·84, 95%CI: 0·75-0·95 for manual work, and HR=0·86, 95%CI: 0·75-0·99 for standing occupation), but harmful in the most educated group (HR=1·17, 95%CI: 1·01-1·36) and in those who reported regular LTPA (HR=1·20, 95%CI: 1·01-1·43). INTERPRETATION OPA was not associated with mortality risk in the overall sample. However, findings support the 'physical activity paradox' within better educated Chinese workers. FUNDING None.
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Key Words
- BMI, Body mass index
- CI, Confidence interval
- CNY, Chinese Yuan
- CVD, Cardiocascular disease
- China
- DSP, Disease Surveillance Points
- Epidemiology
- HR, Hazard ratio
- ICD, International Statistical Classification of Diseases
- IQR, Interquartile range
- LMIC
- LMICs, Low-to-middle income countries
- LTPA, Leisure-time physical activity
- Low and middle income countries
- Mortality
- OPA, Occupational physical activity
- Physical activity
- SGPALS, Saltin-Grimby Physical Activity Level Scale
- UK, United Kingdom
- USD, United States Dollars
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyun Luo
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Nidhi Gupta
- Department of Musculoskeletal Disorders and Physical Workload, The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas Holtermann
- Department of Musculoskeletal Disorders and Physical Workload, The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Emmanuel Stamatakis
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Ding Ding
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
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Park S, Lee JH. Associations of occupational and leisure-time physical activity with self-rated health in Korea. Prev Med 2022; 158:107022. [PMID: 35307369 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2022.107022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Recent findings have suggested that not all physical activity (PA) types improve health and that the health effects of occupational PA (OPA) and leisure-time PA (LTPA) can be different. However, few studies have been reported the association of OPA and LTPA with self-rated health (SRH). Therefore, we aimed to examine the association between different PA domains and general health and the impact of LTPA on the relationship between health and OPA. In total, 33440 adults from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2014-2019 were analyzed in September 2021. SRH was dichotomized into "poor" and "good." Sedentary behavior (SB) was evaluated by measuring the daily sitting time. Multiple logistic regression was used to investigate the relationship of SRH with OPA, LTPA, and SB, stratified by LTPA to identify its impact on the relationship. In the fully adjusted model, OPA was found to increase the risk of poor SRH, while LTPA was found to lower the risk. In those who did not engage in LTPA, OPA and poor SRH were significantly associated. Poor SRH was not significantly associated with OPA in those who engaged in LTPA. SB was also associated with poor SRH, independent of LTPA. To improve health, it is important to promote LTPA and reduce OPA and SB. In particular, for workers with a higher level of OPA, additional LTPA should be introduced to prevent SRH from worsening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungjin Park
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Incheon Nasaret International Hospital, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - June-Hee Lee
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Martinez Gomez D, Coenen P, Celis-Morales C, Mota J, Rodriguez-Artalejo F, Matthews C, Saint-Maurice PF. Lifetime high occupational physical activity and total and cause-specific mortality among 320 000 adults in the NIH-AARP study: a cohort study. Occup Environ Med 2021; 79:147-154. [PMID: 34725210 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2021-107393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We examined the associations of history and duration in high occupational physical activity (OPA) with long-term total and cause-specific mortality. METHODS The sample included 322 126 participants (135 254 women) from the National Institutes of Health-AARP Diet and Health Study, established in 1995-1996. History and duration in high OPA were reported by participants. All-cause, cardiovascular, cancer and other cause mortality records available through 31 December 2011. RESULTS The prevalence of high OPA was 52.1% in men and 16.1% in women. During 13.6 years (SD, 3.3) of follow-up, 73 563 participants (25 219 women) died. In age-adjusted models, the risk of death was higher among men (HR 1.14, 95% CI 1.12 to 1.16) and women (HR 1.22, 95% CI 1.18 to 1.26) with a history of high OPA. However, these associations were substantially attenuated in women (HR 1.04, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.07, an 81.8% attenuation) and eliminated in men (HR 1.02, 95% CI 0.99 to 1.04, 85.7% attenuation) after multivariable adjustments. Similar important attenuation results were found when examining duration in high OPA, as well as using cause-specific deaths as the outcomes. Educational attainment and smoking patterns were the main contributors in the excess mortality among people working in highly physically active jobs in both men and women. CONCLUSION Participating in high OPA was not consistently associated with a higher mortality risk, after adjustments for education and smoking factors. Workers in high OPA should be aware that they might not be getting all well-known health benefits of being physically active if they are only very active at work.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Martinez Gomez
- Preventive Medicina and Public Health, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain .,Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,IMDEA Food Institute, Campus de Excelencia Internacional UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pieter Coenen
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC - Locatie VUMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Carlos Celis-Morales
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.,Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jorge Mota
- Research Center on Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernando Rodriguez-Artalejo
- Preventive Medicina and Public Health, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,IMDEA Food Institute, Campus de Excelencia Internacional UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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20
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Xu J, Zhou J, Luo P, Mao D, Xu W, Nima Q, Cui C, Yang S, Ao L, Wu J, Wei J, Chen G, Li S, Guo Y, Zhang J, Liu Z, Zhao X. Associations of long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and physical activity with insomnia in Chinese adults. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 792:148197. [PMID: 34144234 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Air pollution is a potential environmental risk for sleep disturbance. However, the evidence is very limited in China. On the other hand, physical activity (PA) is a preventive behavior that can improve insomnia, but whether PA mitigates the negative impact of air pollution on insomnia is unknown. METHODS We obtained data from the baseline of China Multi-Ethnic Cohort (CMEC) survey, and examined the association between air pollution and insomnia, as well as PA's modification effect of on this association. We included 70,668 respondents and assessed insomnia by self-reported symptoms collected using electronic questionnaires. Using satellite data, we estimated the residence-specified, three-year average PM1, PM2.5, PM10 (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters of ≤1 μm, ≤2.5 μm and 10 μm, respectively), O3 (ozone), and NO2 (nitrogen dioxide) concentrations. We established the associations between air pollutants and insomnia through logistic regression. We evaluated the modification impact of total and domain-specific PA (leisure, occupation, housework, transportation) by introducing an interaction term. RESULTS Positive associations were observed between long-term exposure to PM1, PM2.5, PM10, and O3 and insomnia symptoms, with ORs (95% CI) of 1.09 (1.03-1.16), 1.11 (1.07-1.15), 1.07 (1.05-1.10) and 1.15 (1.11-1.20), respectively. As total PA increased, the ORs of air pollution for insomnia tended to decrease and then rise. We observed varying modification effects of domain-specific PA. With an increase in leisure PA, the ORs for PM2.5 and PM10 significantly declined. However, increased ORs of air pollutants were related to insomnia among participants with higher levels of occupational and housework PA. CONCLUSION Long-term exposure to higher concentrations of PM1, PM2.5, PM10, and O3 increases the risk of insomnia symptoms. Moderate to high levels of leisure PA alleviate the harmful effects of air pollution on insomnia, while high levels of occupation and housework PA intensify such effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayue Xu
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, China
| | - Junmin Zhou
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, China
| | - Peng Luo
- School of Public Health, the key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Deqiang Mao
- Chongqing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Wen Xu
- Yunnan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming 650022, China
| | - Qucuo Nima
- Tibet Center for Disease Control and Prevention CN, Lhasa 850000, China
| | | | - Shujuan Yang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, China
| | - Linjun Ao
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, China.
| | - Jialong Wu
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, China
| | - Jing Wei
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Iowa Technology Institute, Center for Global and Regional Environmental Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Gongbo Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental and Health Risk Assessment; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Shanshan Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Yuming Guo
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Juying Zhang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, China.
| | - Zhu Liu
- Chengdu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Xing Zhao
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, China.
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21
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Leisure-Time Physical Activity and Glycemic Control Independently Predicts Cardiac Autonomic Neuropathy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. J Phys Act Health 2021; 18:1393-1403. [PMID: 34662856 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2020-0194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Though cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN) is a common complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM); still, there is lack of clarity on pathophysiological correlates for its onset and progression. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the predictive ability of lifestyle and cardiometabolic risk factors for CAN in T2DM patients. METHODS A total of 105 Indian T2DM patients were recruited in the present study. Cardiometabolic risk factors, such as glycemic control, lipids, resting heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and lifestyle risk parameters, such as physical activity levels and sleep quality were assessed. Standard cardiovascular autonomic reflex tests were performed for diagnosing CAN by Ewing's criteria. RESULTS Leisure-time physical activity and glycosylated hemoglobin were significant independent predictors of CAN in T2DM. Leisure-time physical activity and glycosylated hemoglobin predicted the occurrence of CAN at cutoff values ≤4.68 metabolic equivalent-hours per week (P = .007) and >7.5% (P = .002), respectively. CONCLUSIONS The T2DM patients should be encouraged to engage in leisure-time physical activity of at least 4.68 metabolic equivalent-hours per week (equivalent to 1.2 h of walk or 0.6 h of jog per week) and therapeutic strategies for controlling hyperglycemia in T2DM should aim to reduce glycosylated hemoglobin below 7.5% to reduce CAN occurrence.
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Pang Y, Lv J, Kartsonaki C, Yu C, Guo Y, Du H, Bennett D, Bian Z, Chen Y, Yang L, Turnbull I, Wang H, Li H, Holmes MV, Chen J, Chen Z, Li L. Association of physical activity with risk of hepatobiliary diseases in China: a prospective cohort study of 0.5 million people. Br J Sports Med 2021; 55:1024-1033. [PMID: 32826226 PMCID: PMC8408581 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2020-102174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is limited prospective evidence on the association of physical activity with hepatobiliary cancer subtypes and other major hepatobiliary diseases, especially in China. We aimed to quantify the associations with risk of these diseases. METHODS The study population involved 460 937 participants of the prospective China Kadoorie Biobank aged 30-79 years from 10 diverse areas in China without history of cancer or hepatobiliary disease at baseline. Cox regression was used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for each disease associated with self-reported total and domain-specific physical activity (occupational and non-occupational, ie, leisure time, household and commuting). RESULTS During ~10 years of follow-up, 22 012 incident cases of hepatobiliary diseases were recorded. The overall mean (SD) total physical activity was 21.2 (13.9) metabolic equivalent of task (MET)-hours/day, with 62% from occupational activity. Total physical activity was inversely associated with hospitalised non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (HR comparing top vs bottom quintile: 0.62, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.53 to 0.72), viral hepatitis (0.73, 95% CI 0.62 to 0.87), cirrhosis (0.76, 95% CI 0.66 to 0.88) and liver cancer (0.81, 95% CI 0.71 to 0.93), as well as gallstone disease (0.86, 95% CI 0.81 to 0.90), gallbladder cancer (0.51, 95% CI 0.32 to 0.80) and biliary tract cancer (0.55, 95% CI 0.38 to 0.78). The associations for occupational physical activity were similar to those for total physical activity, but for non-occupational physical activity they differed by disease subtype. For leisure-time physical activity, there was an inverse association with liver cancer and an inverse trend for gallstone disease (HR comparing ≥7.5 MET-hours/day with none: 0.83, 95% CI 0.75 to 0.91 and 0.82, 95% CI 0.66 to 1.01). CONCLUSION Among Chinese adults, high total physical activity, particularly occupational physical activity, was inversely associated with risk of major hepatobiliary cancers and diseases, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, cirrhosis and certain types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanjie Pang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Lv
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Christiana Kartsonaki
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, Big Data Institute Building, Roosevelt Drive, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit (MRC PHRU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Canqing Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Guo
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huaidong Du
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, Big Data Institute Building, Roosevelt Drive, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit (MRC PHRU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Derrick Bennett
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, Big Data Institute Building, Roosevelt Drive, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Zheng Bian
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yiping Chen
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, Big Data Institute Building, Roosevelt Drive, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit (MRC PHRU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ling Yang
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, Big Data Institute Building, Roosevelt Drive, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit (MRC PHRU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Iain Turnbull
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, Big Data Institute Building, Roosevelt Drive, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Hao Wang
- Zhejiang Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hui Li
- Liuzhou Chinese Medicine Hospital, Liuzhou, China
| | - Michael V Holmes
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, Big Data Institute Building, Roosevelt Drive, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit (MRC PHRU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Junshi Chen
- National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengming Chen
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, Big Data Institute Building, Roosevelt Drive, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit (MRC PHRU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Liming Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
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23
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Arnold N, Deiseroth A, Hahad O, Diestelmeier S, Schulz A, Daubenbüchel A, Gori T, Binder H, Pfeiffer N, Prochaska J, Beutel M, Lackner KJ, Münzel T, Wild PS. Domains of Physical Activity in Relation to Stiffness Index in the General Population. J Am Heart Assoc 2021; 10:e020930. [PMID: 34348471 PMCID: PMC8475023 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.121.020930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Background Regular exercise training represents an important modifier of arterial stiffness (AS). Therefore, sex‐specific relations between domains of physical activity (PA; commuting, domestic, and leisure‐time PA, including active sport and occupational PA) with AS were investigated. Methods and Results Stiffness index by digital photoplethysmography was investigated in 12 650 subjects from the GHS (Gutenberg Health Study). Self‐reported PA was evaluated by the “Short Questionnaire to Assess Health‐Enhancing Physical Activity” and reported as activity score peer week, being a combined measure of duration, frequency, and intensity of PA. Multivariable linear regression analysis demonstrated strong beneficial effects of repetitive activities, such as active commuting or leisure‐time PA–related walking on AS in men, but not in women. Lower AS associated with endurance training was also found among men and premenopausal women. In contrast, intense occupational PA was related to stiffer vessels in men (P<0.0001) and women (P=0.0021) in a fully adjusted model. Combination of both, performing endurance training and having stiffness index values below median, resulted in the best survival. In contrast, subjects with elevated stiffness index at baseline without any endurance activities demonstrated the worst survival. Conclusions In this population representative sample, a differential impact of domains of self‐reported PA on AS was demonstrated. Our data strengthen the importance of regular endurance PA to induce a reduction of AS, which, in turn, may improve cardiovascular prognosis. We also report deleterious effects of intense occupational PA on stiffness index, a finding that needs further confirmation by larger prospective trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Arnold
- Department of Cardiology Cardiology I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz Mainz Germany.,Department of Cardiology Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz Mainz Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research) Partner Site Rhine-Main Mainz Germany
| | - Arne Deiseroth
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health University of Basel Switzerland
| | - Omar Hahad
- Department of Cardiology Cardiology I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz Mainz Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research) Partner Site Rhine-Main Mainz Germany
| | - Simon Diestelmeier
- Department of Cardiology Cardiology I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz Mainz Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research) Partner Site Rhine-Main Mainz Germany
| | - Andreas Schulz
- Department of Cardiology Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz Mainz Germany
| | - Andrea Daubenbüchel
- Department of Cardiology Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz Mainz Germany
| | - Tommaso Gori
- Department of Cardiology Cardiology I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz Mainz Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research) Partner Site Rhine-Main Mainz Germany
| | - Harald Binder
- Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics (IMBEI)University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz Mainz Germany.,Institute of Medical Biometry and StatisticsFaculty of Medicine and Medical CenterUniversity of Freiburg Germany
| | - Norbert Pfeiffer
- Department of Ophthalmology University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz Mainz Germany
| | - Jürgen Prochaska
- Department of Cardiology Cardiology I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz Mainz Germany.,Department of Cardiology Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz Mainz Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research) Partner Site Rhine-Main Mainz Germany.,Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis University Medical Center of the Johannes-Gutenberg University Mainz Mainz Germany
| | - Manfred Beutel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz Mainz Germany
| | - Karl J Lackner
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research) Partner Site Rhine-Main Mainz Germany.,Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz Mainz Germany
| | - Thomas Münzel
- Department of Cardiology Cardiology I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz Mainz Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research) Partner Site Rhine-Main Mainz Germany
| | - Philipp S Wild
- Department of Cardiology Cardiology I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz Mainz Germany.,Department of Cardiology Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz Mainz Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research) Partner Site Rhine-Main Mainz Germany.,Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis University Medical Center of the Johannes-Gutenberg University Mainz Mainz Germany
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24
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Prince SA, Rasmussen CL, Biswas A, Holtermann A, Aulakh T, Merucci K, Coenen P. The effect of leisure time physical activity and sedentary behaviour on the health of workers with different occupational physical activity demands: a systematic review. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2021; 18:100. [PMID: 34284795 PMCID: PMC8290554 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-021-01166-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although it is generally accepted that physical activity reduces the risk for chronic non-communicable disease and mortality, accumulating evidence suggests that occupational physical activity (OPA) may not confer the same health benefits as leisure time physical activity (LTPA). It is also unclear if workers in high OPA jobs benefit from LTPA the same way as those in sedentary jobs. Our objective was to determine whether LTPA and leisure time sedentary behaviour (LTSB) confer the same health effects across occupations with different levels of OPA. METHODS Searches were run in Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, ProQuest Public Health and Scopus from inception to June 9, 2020. Prospective or experimental studies which examined the effects of LTPA or LTSB on all-cause and cardiovascular mortality and cardiovascular disease, musculoskeletal pain, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, arrhythmias and depression among adult workers grouped by OPA (low OPA/sitters, standers, moderate OPA/intermittent movers, high OPA/heavy labourers) were eligible. Results were synthesized using narrative syntheses and harvest plots, and certainty of evidence assessed with GRADE. RESULTS The review includes 38 papers. Across all outcomes, except cardiovascular mortality, metabolic syndrome and atrial fibrillation, greater LTPA was consistently protective among low OPA, but conferred less protection among moderate and high OPA. For cardiovascular mortality and metabolic syndrome, higher levels of LTPA were generally associated with similar risk reductions among all OPA groups. Few studies examined effects in standers and none examined effects of LTSB across OPA groups. CONCLUSIONS Evidence suggests that LTPA is beneficial for all workers, but with larger risk reductions among those with low compared to high OPA jobs. This suggests that, in our attempts to improve the health of workers through LTPA, tailored interventions for different occupational groups may be required. More high-quality studies are needed to establish recommended levels of LTPA/LTSB for different OPA groups. PROTOCOL REGISTRATION PROSPERO # CRD42020191708 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie A Prince
- Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research, Public Health Agency of Canada, 785 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0K9, Canada.
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.
| | | | - Aviroop Biswas
- Institute for Work & Health, Toronto, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Andreas Holtermann
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tarnbir Aulakh
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | | | - Pieter Coenen
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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25
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Konkor I, Dogoli MA, Kuuire V, Wilson K. Examining the Relationship Between Occupational Physical Activity and Hypertension Status: Evidence from the Ghana WHO Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health. Ann Work Expo Health 2021; 65:1050-1060. [PMID: 34089319 DOI: 10.1093/annweh/wxab035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The employment landscape has changed significantly over the past few years in emerging economies including Ghana where many people are rapidly transitioning from livelihood activities that originally involved physical exertion to work environments where performance of duties are mostly non-physical. Working under non-active conditions could, however, exacerbate the risk of developing chronic diseases that are increasingly becoming problematic in many developing countries. Drawing on a cross-sectional nationally representative sample data of 4425 adult Ghanaian workers collected by the WHO Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health in developing countries, we examined the relationship between occupational physical activity and hypertensive status. We employed the complementary log-log analysis technique to build nested models with results presented in odds ratios. After controlling for several relevant variables, the results show that performing sedentary related work (AOR = 1.23, CI = 1.06-1.42) is significantly associated with a higher likelihood of being hypertensive compared with those whose work involved moderate physical activity. Other factors that were significantly associated with being hypertensive included tobacco use (AOR = 1.33, CI = 1.05-1.70), living in an urban environment (AOR = 1.15, CI = 1.01-1.32), and being a female (AOR = 1.18, CI = 1.01-1.37) and being an older person. Policies on reducing the risk of developing chronic conditions especially hypertension need to recognize the contributions of the work environment in emerging developing economies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irenius Konkor
- Department of Geography, Geomatics and Environment, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, Canada
| | - Maurice Anfaara Dogoli
- Department of Geography and Environmental Management, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L, Canada
| | - Vincent Kuuire
- Department of Geography, Geomatics and Environment, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, Canada
| | - Kathi Wilson
- Department of Geography, Geomatics and Environment, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, Canada
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26
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Holtermann A, Schnohr P, Nordestgaard BG, Marott JL. The physical activity paradox in cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality: the contemporary Copenhagen General Population Study with 104 046 adults. Eur Heart J 2021; 42:1499-1511. [PMID: 33831954 PMCID: PMC8046503 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Leisure time physical activity associates with reduced risk of cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality, while these relationships for occupational physical activity are unclear. We tested the hypothesis that leisure time physical activity associates with reduced major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and all-cause mortality risk, while occupational physical activity associates with increased risks. METHODS AND RESULTS We studied 104 046 women and men aged 20-100 years in the Copenhagen General Population Study with baseline measurements in 2003-2014 and median 10-year follow-up. Both leisure and occupational physical activity were based on self-report with four response categories. We observed 7913 (7.6%) MACE and 9846 (9.5%) deaths from all causes. Compared to low leisure time physical activity, multivariable adjusted (for lifestyle, health, living conditions, and socioeconomic factors) hazard ratios for MACE were 0.86 (0.78-0.96) for moderate, 0.77 (0.69-0.86) for high, and 0.85 (0.73-0.98) for very high activity; corresponding values for higher occupational physical activity were 1.04 (0.95-1.14), 1.15 (1.04-1.28), and 1.35 (1.14-1.59), respectively. For all-cause mortality, corresponding hazard ratios for higher leisure time physical activity were 0.74 (0.68-0.81), 0.59 (0.54-0.64), and 0.60 (0.52-0.69), and for higher occupational physical activity 1.06 (0.96-1.16), 1.13 (1.01-1.27), and 1.27 (1.05-1.54), respectively. Similar results were found within strata on lifestyle, health, living conditions, and socioeconomic factors, and when excluding individuals dying within the first 5 years of follow-up. Levels of the two domains of physical activity did not interact on risk of MACE (P = 0.40) or all-cause mortality (P = 0.31). CONCLUSION Higher leisure time physical activity associates with reduced MACE and all-cause mortality risk, while higher occupational physical activity associates with increased risks, independent of each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Holtermann
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkalle 105, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Peter Schnohr
- The Copenhagen City Heart Study, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Nordre Fasanvej 57, Hovedvejen, Indgang 5, Frederiksberg 2000, Denmark
| | - Børge Grønne Nordestgaard
- The Copenhagen City Heart Study, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Nordre Fasanvej 57, Hovedvejen, Indgang 5, Frederiksberg 2000, Denmark.,The Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jacob Louis Marott
- The Copenhagen City Heart Study, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Nordre Fasanvej 57, Hovedvejen, Indgang 5, Frederiksberg 2000, Denmark.,The Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
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27
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Troke N, Logar‐Henderson C, DeBono N, Dakouo M, Hussain S, MacLeod JS, Demers PA. Incidence of acute myocardial infarction in the workforce: Findings from the Occupational Disease Surveillance System. Am J Ind Med 2021; 64:338-357. [PMID: 33682182 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.23241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased risks of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) may be attributable to the workplace, however, associations are not well-established. Using the Occupational Disease Surveillance System (ODSS), we sought to estimate associations between occupation and industry of employment and AMI risk among workers in Ontario, Canada. METHODS The study population was derived by linking provincial accepted lost-time workers' compensation claims data, to inpatient hospitalization records. Workers aged 15-65 years with an accepted non-AMI compensation claim were followed for an AMI event between 2007 and 2016. Adjusted Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for each industry and occupation group, compared to all other workers in the cohort. Sex-stratified analyses were also performed. RESULTS In all, 24,514 incident cases of AMI were identified among 1,502,072 Ontario workers. Increased incidence rates of AMI were found across forestry (HR 1.37, 95% CI 1.19-1.58) and wood processing (HR 1.50, 1.27-1.77) job-titles. Elevated rates were also detected within industries and occupations both broadly related to mining and quarrying (HR 1.52, 1.17-1.97), trucking (HR 1.32, 1.27-1.38), construction (HR 1.32, 1.14-1.54), and the manufacturing and processing of metal (HR 1.41, 1.19-1.68), textile (HR 1.41, 1.07-1.88), non-metallic mineral (HR 1.30, 0.82-2.07), and rubber and plastic (HR 1.42, 1.27-1.60) products. Female food service workers also had elevated AMI rates (HR 1.36, 1.23-1.51). CONCLUSION This study found occupational variation in AMI incidence. Future studies should examine work-related hazards possibly contributing to such excess risks, like noise, vibration, occupational physical activity, shift work, and chemical and particulate exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Troke
- Occupational Cancer Research Centre Ontario Health (Cancer Care Ontario Division) Toronto Ontario Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Chloë Logar‐Henderson
- Occupational Cancer Research Centre Ontario Health (Cancer Care Ontario Division) Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Nathan DeBono
- Occupational Cancer Research Centre Ontario Health (Cancer Care Ontario Division) Toronto Ontario Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Mamadou Dakouo
- Occupational Cancer Research Centre Ontario Health (Cancer Care Ontario Division) Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Selena Hussain
- Occupational Cancer Research Centre Ontario Health (Cancer Care Ontario Division) Toronto Ontario Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Jill S. MacLeod
- Occupational Cancer Research Centre Ontario Health (Cancer Care Ontario Division) Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Paul A. Demers
- Occupational Cancer Research Centre Ontario Health (Cancer Care Ontario Division) Toronto Ontario Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
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28
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Biswas A, Gilbert-Ouimet M, Mustard CA, Glazier RH, Smith PM. Combined Associations of Work and Leisure Time Physical Activity on Incident Diabetes Risk. Am J Prev Med 2021; 60:e149-e158. [PMID: 33248879 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2020.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study examines the separate and combined relationships between occupational physical activity (characterized by nonaerobic activities such as heavy lifting and prolonged standing) and leisure time physical activity on future diabetes incidence. METHODS Data from Ontario respondents aged 35-74 years from the 2003 Canadian Community Health Survey (N=40,507) were prospectively linked to the Ontario Diabetes Database for diabetes cases until 2017, with statistical analysis performed in 2019. Leisure time physical activity was self-reported and occupational physical activity estimated from occupation titles. The analytical sample consisted of 7,026 employed people without previous diabetes diagnoses, with 846 diabetes cases recorded. Cox proportional hazard models were constructed to evaluate relationships over a median follow-up time of 13.7 years. RESULTS No relationships were observed between occupational physical activity and diabetes. High leisure time physical activity was associated with lower diabetes risk for low occupational physical activity and stationary jobs (hazard ratio=0.63, 95% CI=0.47, 0.85). No association was found for high leisure time physical activity on diabetes risk for high occupational physical activity (hazard ratio=1.07, 95% CI=0.73, 1.56) or low occupational physical activity with movement (hazard ratio=0.92, 95% CI=0.55, 1.55). CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that physical activity recommendations exclusively recommending increased physical activity may only be effective for the sedentary part of the working population in reducing diabetes risk. Findings await confirmation in comparable prospective studies in other populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aviroop Biswas
- Institute for Work & Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Mahée Gilbert-Ouimet
- Institute for Work & Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Health Sciences, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, Québec, Canada
| | - Cameron A Mustard
- Institute for Work & Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Richard H Glazier
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; ICES, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto and St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Urban Health Solutions, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter M Smith
- Institute for Work & Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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29
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Virani SS, Alonso A, Aparicio HJ, Benjamin EJ, Bittencourt MS, Callaway CW, Carson AP, Chamberlain AM, Cheng S, Delling FN, Elkind MSV, Evenson KR, Ferguson JF, Gupta DK, Khan SS, Kissela BM, Knutson KL, Lee CD, Lewis TT, Liu J, Loop MS, Lutsey PL, Ma J, Mackey J, Martin SS, Matchar DB, Mussolino ME, Navaneethan SD, Perak AM, Roth GA, Samad Z, Satou GM, Schroeder EB, Shah SH, Shay CM, Stokes A, VanWagner LB, Wang NY, Tsao CW. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2021 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association. Circulation 2021; 143:e254-e743. [PMID: 33501848 DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000000950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2960] [Impact Index Per Article: 986.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The American Heart Association, in conjunction with the National Institutes of Health, annually reports the most up-to-date statistics related to heart disease, stroke, and cardiovascular risk factors, including core health behaviors (smoking, physical activity, diet, and weight) and health factors (cholesterol, blood pressure, and glucose control) that contribute to cardiovascular health. The Statistical Update presents the latest data on a range of major clinical heart and circulatory disease conditions (including stroke, congenital heart disease, rhythm disorders, subclinical atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, heart failure, valvular disease, venous disease, and peripheral artery disease) and the associated outcomes (including quality of care, procedures, and economic costs). METHODS The American Heart Association, through its Statistics Committee, continuously monitors and evaluates sources of data on heart disease and stroke in the United States to provide the most current information available in the annual Statistical Update. The 2021 Statistical Update is the product of a full year's worth of effort by dedicated volunteer clinicians and scientists, committed government professionals, and American Heart Association staff members. This year's edition includes data on the monitoring and benefits of cardiovascular health in the population, an enhanced focus on social determinants of health, adverse pregnancy outcomes, vascular contributions to brain health, the global burden of cardiovascular disease, and further evidence-based approaches to changing behaviors related to cardiovascular disease. RESULTS Each of the 27 chapters in the Statistical Update focuses on a different topic related to heart disease and stroke statistics. CONCLUSIONS The Statistical Update represents a critical resource for the lay public, policy makers, media professionals, clinicians, health care administrators, researchers, health advocates, and others seeking the best available data on these factors and conditions.
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30
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Nabe‐Nielsen K, Holtermann A, Gyntelberg F, Garde AH, Islamoska S, Prescott E, Schnohr P, Hansen ÅM. The effect of occupational physical activity on dementia: Results from the Copenhagen Male Study. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2020; 31:446-455. [DOI: 10.1111/sms.13846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Andreas Holtermann
- The National Research Centre for the Working Environment Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Finn Gyntelberg
- The National Research Centre for the Working Environment Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Anne Helene Garde
- Department of Public Health University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
- The National Research Centre for the Working Environment Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Sabrina Islamoska
- Department of Public Health University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Eva Prescott
- Center for Cardiovascular Research Bispebjerg‐Frederiksberg Hospital Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Peter Schnohr
- The Copenhagen City Heart Study Bispebjerg‐Frederiksberg Hospital Frederiksberg Denmark
| | - Åse Marie Hansen
- Department of Public Health University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
- The National Research Centre for the Working Environment Copenhagen Denmark
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The First Lactate Threshold Is a Limit for Heavy Occupational Work. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2020; 5:jfmk5030066. [PMID: 33467281 PMCID: PMC7739369 DOI: 10.3390/jfmk5030066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term heavy physical work often leads to early retirement and disability pension due to chronic overload, with a need to define upper limits. The aim of this study was to evaluate the value of the first lactate threshold (LTP1) as a physiological marker for heavy occupational work. A total of 188 male and 52 female workers performed an incremental cycle ergometer test to determine maximal exercise performance and the first and second lactate (LTP1; LTP2) and ventilatory thresholds (VT1; VT2). Heart rate (HR) recordings were obtained during one eight-hour shift (HR8h) and oxygen uptake was measured during 20 minutes of a representative work phase. Energy expenditure (EE) was calculated from gas-exchange measures. Maximal power output (Pmax), maximal oxygen consumption (VO2 max) and power output at LTP1 and LTP2 were significantly different between male and female workers. HR8h was not significantly different between male and female workers. A significant relationship was found between Pmax and power output at LTP1. HR8h as a percentage of maximum HR significantly declined with increasing performance (Pmax:r = −0.56; p < 0.01; PLTP1:r = −0.49; p < 0.01). Despite different cardio-respiratory fitness-levels; 95.4% of all workers performed their usual work below LTP1. It is therefore suggested that LTP1 represents the upper limit for sustained heavy occupational work; which supports its use to determine work capability and assessing the limits of heavy occupational work.
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Occupational Physical Activity and Lung Cancer Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Sports Med 2020; 50:1637-1651. [DOI: 10.1007/s40279-020-01312-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Wang C, De Roos AJ, Fujishiro K, Allison MA, Wallace R, Seguin RA, Nassir R, Michael YL. Occupational Physical Activity and Coronary Heart Disease in Women's Health Initiative Observational Study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2020; 74:1952-1958. [PMID: 30590438 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/gly288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Women comprise nearly half of the labor force in our society, but the impact of the occupational psychical activity on women's heart health in later life was unclear. We conducted a case-cohort study to assess the association of occupational physical activity (OPA), alone and jointly with leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) and risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). METHODS We included women enrolled in Women's Health Initiative Observational Study who provided an occupational history at baseline and were followed until 2013 for the first occurrence of myocardial infarction or death from CHD (mean age ± SD = 63.4 ± 7.2). A total of 5,243 women free of CHD at baseline were randomly selected into a subcohort and 3,421 CHD events were adjudicated during follow-up. Through linkage of Standard Occupational Classification codes to the Occupational Information Network, we assessed cumulative and most recent exposure of OPA. LTPA was assessed through Women's Health Initiative's physical activity questionnaire. Weighted Cox proportional hazard models were used to evaluate CHD risk. RESULTS After adjustment for demographic and socioeconomic factors, levels of OPA were not associated with CHD risk. Compared with women with low OPA and high LTPA, women with moderate to high cumulative OPA and low LTPA had relative high CHD risk (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.54, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.26, 1.88 for moderate OPA and HR: 1.46. 95% CI: 1.20, 1.78 for high OPA). DISCUSSION Results from this study suggest no overall association between lifetime OPA and CHD risk in women, but the impact of OPA varies by LTPA levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conglong Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Anneclaire J De Roos
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kaori Fujishiro
- Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations, and Field Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Matthew A Allison
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Robert Wallace
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Environmental Health, University of Iowa, Ithaca, New York
| | - Rebecca A Seguin
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Rami Nassir
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis
| | - Yvonne L Michael
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Barr AL, Partap U, Young EH, Agoudavi K, Balde N, Kagaruki GB, Mayige MT, Longo-Mbenza B, Mutungi G, Mwalim O, Wesseh CS, Bahendeka SK, Guwatudde D, Jørgensen JMA, Bovet P, Motala AA, Sandhu MS. Sociodemographic inequities associated with participation in leisure-time physical activity in sub-Saharan Africa: an individual participant data meta-analysis. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:927. [PMID: 32539702 PMCID: PMC7296740 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-08987-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) is an important contributor to total physical activity and the focus of many interventions promoting activity in high-income populations. Little is known about LTPA in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), and with expected declines in physical activity due to rapid urbanisation and lifestyle changes we aimed to assess the sociodemographic differences in the prevalence of LTPA in the adult populations of this region to identify potential barriers for equitable participation. METHODS A two-step individual participant data meta-analysis was conducted using data collected in SSA through 10 population health surveys that included the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire. For each sociodemographic characteristic, the pooled adjusted prevalence and risk ratios (RRs) for participation in LTPA were calculated using the random effects method. Between-study heterogeneity was explored through meta-regression analyses and tests for interaction. RESULTS Across the 10 populations (N = 26,022), 18.9% (95%CI: 14.3, 24.1; I2 = 99.0%) of adults (≥ 18 years) participated in LTPA. Men were more likely to participate in LTPA compared with women (RR for women: 0.43; 95%CI: 0.32, 0.60; P < 0.001; I2 = 97.5%), while age was inversely associated with participation. Higher levels of education were associated with increased LTPA participation (RR: 1.30; 95%CI: 1.09, 1.55; P = 0.004; I2 = 98.1%), with those living in rural areas or self-employed less likely to participate in LTPA. These associations remained after adjusting for time spent physically active at work or through active travel. CONCLUSIONS In these populations, participation in LTPA was low, and strongly associated with sex, age, education, self-employment and urban residence. Identifying the potential barriers that reduce participation in these groups is necessary to enable equitable access to the health and social benefits associated with LTPA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Uttara Partap
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Elizabeth H Young
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | | | - Naby Balde
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Donka University Hospital, Conakry, Guinea
| | - Gibson B Kagaruki
- National Institute for Medical Research, Tukuyu Research Centre, Tukuyu, Tanzania
| | - Mary T Mayige
- National Institute for Medical Research, Headquarter Research Centre, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Benjamin Longo-Mbenza
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha, Eastern Cape, South Africa
- LOMO University of Research, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Gerald Mutungi
- Control of Non-Communicable Diseases Desk, Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Omar Mwalim
- Zanzibar Ministry of Health, Mnazi Mmoja, Tanzania
| | | | - Silver K Bahendeka
- Mother Kevin Postgraduate Medical School (MKPGMS), Uganda Martyrs University, Kampala, Uganda
- St. Francis Hospital, Nsambya, Kampala, Uganda
| | - David Guwatudde
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - Pascal Bovet
- University Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Ministry of Health, Victoria, Republic of Seychelles
| | - Ayesha A Motala
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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Morseth B, Hopstock LA. Time trends in physical activity in the Tromsø study: An update. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0231581. [PMID: 32287319 PMCID: PMC7156055 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the health benefits of physical activity are well documented, a large proportion of the population fails to meet current guidelines for physical activity. In order to develop evidence-based public health policies, surveillance of physical activity prevalence and trends is essential. The main aim of this study was to present updated data on physical activity trends in a Norwegian general population over the last decades. Data were collected from 40 690 individuals (50% men) aged ≥20 years participating in at least one of six surveys of the population-based Tromsø Study between 1979 and 2016. Age-standardized prevalences and trends in leisure-time and occupational physical activity were obtained from three questionnaires used in the different surveys. We observed an increase in the proportion engaging in exercise in leisure-time between 1994–95 and 2001 (p <0.001). Based on a different questionnaire, the age-standardized prevalence of engagement in exercise in leisure-time increased significantly from 16% in 2001 to 23% in 2007–08, and further to 28% in 2015–16 (p <0.001). The proportion who reported exercising approximately every day increased from 19% in 2007–08 to 28% in 2015–16 (p <0.001). The age-standardized prevalence of sedentary occupational activity increased from 53% in 2007–08 to 57% in 2015–16 (p <0.001), which extends the gradual increase from 36% in 1979-80.The present study extends previous findings from the Tromsø Study by demonstrating an increase in the proportion exercising regularly over the last three decades. This increase may partially counteract the gradual increase in the proportion with sedentary occupational activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bente Morseth
- School of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- * E-mail:
| | - Laila Arnesdatter Hopstock
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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Analysis of Association of Occupational Physical Activity, Leisure-Time Physical Activity, and Sedentary Lifestyle with Hypertension according to the Adherence with Aerobic Activity in Women Using Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2016-2017 Data. Int J Hypertens 2020; 2020:8943492. [PMID: 32110448 PMCID: PMC7042501 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8943492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose We investigated the association between occupational physical activity, leisure-time physical activity, and sedentary lifestyle with hypertension by adherence with aerobic exercise in middle-aged and elderly women. Methods A cross-sectional analysis was performed using Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES), a nationally representative data between 2016 and 2017. A total of 4,241 women aged 40 years or older were included. Hypertension diagnosed by physician and exercise status was asked by questionnaires. Results Mean age of the participants was 58.4 (±11.4, range: 40∼80 years). There were 1,681 (39.6%) women in the aerobic activity adherence group. In the logistic regression analysis with adjustment for confounding factors, frequency of occupational physical activity (OPA) level (OR 1.931; p=0.048, in ≤4 per week group), walking frequency (OR 0.436; p=0.048, in ≤4 per week group), walking frequency (OR 0.436; p=0.048, in ≤4 per week group), walking frequency (OR 0.436; p=0.048, in ≤4 per week group), walking frequency (OR 0.436; Conclusions In the aerobic activity adherence group, further research is needed to identify the influence of occupational physical activity. In the aerobic activity nonadherence group, decreasing sitting hours and increasing endurance exercise may be helpful.
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Byambasukh O, Snieder H, Corpeleijn E. Relation Between Leisure Time, Commuting, and Occupational Physical Activity With Blood Pressure in 125 402 Adults: The Lifelines Cohort. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 9:e014313. [PMID: 32067583 PMCID: PMC7070226 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.119.014313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Background Whether all domains of daily-life moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) are associated with lower blood pressure (BP) and how this association depends on age and body mass index remains unclear. Methods and Results In the population-based Lifelines cohort (N=125 402), MVPA was assessed by the Short Questionnaire to Assess Health-Enhancing Physical Activity, a validated questionnaire in different domains such as commuting, leisure-time, and occupational PA. BP was assessed using the last 3 of 10 measurements after 10 minutes' rest in the supine position. Hypertension was defined as systolic BP ≥140 mm Hg and/or diastolic BP ≥90 mm Hg and/or use of antihypertensives. In regression analysis, higher commuting and leisure-time but not occupational MVPA related to lower BP and lower hypertension risk. Commuting-and-leisure-time MVPA was associated with BP in a dose-dependent manner. β Coefficients (95% CI) from linear regression analyses were -1.64 (-2.03 to -1.24), -2.29 (-2.68 to -1.90), and finally -2.90 (-3.29 to -2.50) mm Hg systolic BP for the low, middle, and highest tertile of MVPA compared with "No MVPA" as the reference group after adjusting for age, sex, education, smoking and alcohol use. Further adjustment for body mass index attenuated the associations by 30% to 50%, but more MVPA remained significantly associated with lower BP and lower risk of hypertension. This association was age dependent. β Coefficients (95% CI) for the highest tertiles of commuting-and-leisure-time MVPA were -1.67 (-2.20 to -1.15), -3.39 (-3.94 to -2.82) and -4.64 (-6.15 to -3.14) mm Hg systolic BP in adults <40, 40 to 60, and >60 years, respectively. Conclusions Higher commuting and leisure-time but not occupational MVPA were significantly associated with lower BP and lower hypertension risk at all ages, but these associations were stronger in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oyuntugs Byambasukh
- Department of EpidemiologyUniversity Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
- Department of Internal MedicineMongolian National University of Medical SciencesUlaanbaatarMongolia
| | - Harold Snieder
- Department of EpidemiologyUniversity Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Eva Corpeleijn
- Department of EpidemiologyUniversity Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
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Barbe MF, Popoff SN. Occupational Activities: Factors That Tip the Balance From Bone Accrual to Bone Loss. Exerc Sport Sci Rev 2020; 48:59-66. [PMID: 32004169 PMCID: PMC7077966 DOI: 10.1249/jes.0000000000000217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Bone adaptation to persistent overloading can be counteracted by superimposed inflammatory and loading-induced damage that can tip the balance from bone accrual to loss. Supplemental digital content is available in the text. It is commonly assumed that beneficial adaptations in bone occur with vigorous exercise, yet any adaptive re/modeling in bone undergoing persistent overloading can be counteracted by superimposed inflammatory, compressive, and tensile loading–induced damage responses above thresholds of tissue fatigue failure and repair. This leads to a tenuous balance between achieving bone accrual and loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary F Barbe
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
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Virani SS, Alonso A, Benjamin EJ, Bittencourt MS, Callaway CW, Carson AP, Chamberlain AM, Chang AR, Cheng S, Delling FN, Djousse L, Elkind MSV, Ferguson JF, Fornage M, Khan SS, Kissela BM, Knutson KL, Kwan TW, Lackland DT, Lewis TT, Lichtman JH, Longenecker CT, Loop MS, Lutsey PL, Martin SS, Matsushita K, Moran AE, Mussolino ME, Perak AM, Rosamond WD, Roth GA, Sampson UKA, Satou GM, Schroeder EB, Shah SH, Shay CM, Spartano NL, Stokes A, Tirschwell DL, VanWagner LB, Tsao CW. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2020 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association. Circulation 2020; 141:e139-e596. [PMID: 31992061 DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000000757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4698] [Impact Index Per Article: 1174.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The American Heart Association, in conjunction with the National Institutes of Health, annually reports on the most up-to-date statistics related to heart disease, stroke, and cardiovascular risk factors, including core health behaviors (smoking, physical activity, diet, and weight) and health factors (cholesterol, blood pressure, and glucose control) that contribute to cardiovascular health. The Statistical Update presents the latest data on a range of major clinical heart and circulatory disease conditions (including stroke, congenital heart disease, rhythm disorders, subclinical atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, heart failure, valvular disease, venous disease, and peripheral artery disease) and the associated outcomes (including quality of care, procedures, and economic costs). METHODS The American Heart Association, through its Statistics Committee, continuously monitors and evaluates sources of data on heart disease and stroke in the United States to provide the most current information available in the annual Statistical Update. The 2020 Statistical Update is the product of a full year's worth of effort by dedicated volunteer clinicians and scientists, committed government professionals, and American Heart Association staff members. This year's edition includes data on the monitoring and benefits of cardiovascular health in the population, metrics to assess and monitor healthy diets, an enhanced focus on social determinants of health, a focus on the global burden of cardiovascular disease, and further evidence-based approaches to changing behaviors, implementation strategies, and implications of the American Heart Association's 2020 Impact Goals. RESULTS Each of the 26 chapters in the Statistical Update focuses on a different topic related to heart disease and stroke statistics. CONCLUSIONS The Statistical Update represents a critical resource for the lay public, policy makers, media professionals, clinicians, healthcare administrators, researchers, health advocates, and others seeking the best available data on these factors and conditions.
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Benjamin EJ, Muntner P, Alonso A, Bittencourt MS, Callaway CW, Carson AP, Chamberlain AM, Chang AR, Cheng S, Das SR, Delling FN, Djousse L, Elkind MSV, Ferguson JF, Fornage M, Jordan LC, Khan SS, Kissela BM, Knutson KL, Kwan TW, Lackland DT, Lewis TT, Lichtman JH, Longenecker CT, Loop MS, Lutsey PL, Martin SS, Matsushita K, Moran AE, Mussolino ME, O'Flaherty M, Pandey A, Perak AM, Rosamond WD, Roth GA, Sampson UKA, Satou GM, Schroeder EB, Shah SH, Spartano NL, Stokes A, Tirschwell DL, Tsao CW, Turakhia MP, VanWagner LB, Wilkins JT, Wong SS, Virani SS. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2019 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association. Circulation 2019; 139:e56-e528. [PMID: 30700139 DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000000659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5205] [Impact Index Per Article: 1041.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Climie RE, Boutouyrie P, Perier MC, Chaussade E, Plichart M, Offredo L, Guibout C, van Sloten TT, Thomas F, Pannier B, Sharman JE, Laurent S, Jouven X, Empana JP. Association Between Occupational, Sport, and Leisure Related Physical Activity and Baroreflex Sensitivity. Hypertension 2019; 74:1476-1483. [DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.119.13461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Physical activity (PA) is a preventative behavior for noncommunicable disease. However, little consideration is given as to whether different domains of PA have differing associations with health outcomes. We sought to determine the association between occupational, sport, leisure, and total PA with baroreflex sensitivity (BRS), distinguishing between neural (nBRS) and mechanical (mBRS) BRS. In a cross-sectional analysis of 8649 adults aged 50 to 75 years, resting nBRS (estimated by low-frequency gain, from carotid distension rate and heart rate) and mBRS (carotid stiffness) were measured by high-precision carotid echo-tracking. PA was self-reported using the validated Baecke questionnaire. The associations between PA and nBRS and mBRS were quantified using multivariate linear regression analysis, separately in the working and nonworking population. In working adults (n=5039), occupational PA was associated with worse nBRS (unstandardized β=−0.02; [95% CI, −0.04 to −0.003];
P
=0.022) whereas sport PA was associated with better nBRS (β=0.04; [95% CI, 0.02–0.07];
P
=0.003) and mBRS (β=−0.05; [95% CI, −0.09 to −0.00001];
P
=0.049). Neither leisure PA nor total PA was associated with nBRS or mBRS. In nonworking adults (n=3610), sport PA and total PA were associated with better mBRS (β=−0.08; [95% CI, −0.15 to 0.02];
P
=0.012 and β=−0.05; [95% CI, −0.10 to 0.009];
P
=0.018) but not nBRS. These findings suggest differential associations between domains of PA and BRS and may provide insights into the mechanisms underlying the association between occupational PA and cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E. Climie
- From the University de Paris, INSERM, U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Centre (PARCC), Integrative Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Disease Team, France (R.E.C., M.-C.P., L.O., C.G., T.T.v.S., X.J., J.-P.E.)
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia (R.E.C.)
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmanian, Hobart, Australia (R.E.C., J.E.S.)
| | - Pierre Boutouyrie
- INSERM U970, Department of Pharmacology, APHP, Paris Descartes University, France (P.B., S.L.)
| | - Marie-Cecile Perier
- From the University de Paris, INSERM, U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Centre (PARCC), Integrative Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Disease Team, France (R.E.C., M.-C.P., L.O., C.G., T.T.v.S., X.J., J.-P.E.)
| | | | | | - Lucile Offredo
- From the University de Paris, INSERM, U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Centre (PARCC), Integrative Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Disease Team, France (R.E.C., M.-C.P., L.O., C.G., T.T.v.S., X.J., J.-P.E.)
| | - Catherine Guibout
- From the University de Paris, INSERM, U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Centre (PARCC), Integrative Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Disease Team, France (R.E.C., M.-C.P., L.O., C.G., T.T.v.S., X.J., J.-P.E.)
| | - Thomas T. van Sloten
- From the University de Paris, INSERM, U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Centre (PARCC), Integrative Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Disease Team, France (R.E.C., M.-C.P., L.O., C.G., T.T.v.S., X.J., J.-P.E.)
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht and Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands (T.T.v.S.)
| | - Frederique Thomas
- Investigations Préventives et cliniques (IPC), Paris, France (F.T., B.P.)
| | - Bruno Pannier
- Investigations Préventives et cliniques (IPC), Paris, France (F.T., B.P.)
| | - James E. Sharman
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmanian, Hobart, Australia (R.E.C., J.E.S.)
| | - Stephane Laurent
- INSERM U970, Department of Pharmacology, APHP, Paris Descartes University, France (P.B., S.L.)
| | - Xavier Jouven
- From the University de Paris, INSERM, U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Centre (PARCC), Integrative Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Disease Team, France (R.E.C., M.-C.P., L.O., C.G., T.T.v.S., X.J., J.-P.E.)
| | - Jean-Philippe Empana
- From the University de Paris, INSERM, U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Centre (PARCC), Integrative Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Disease Team, France (R.E.C., M.-C.P., L.O., C.G., T.T.v.S., X.J., J.-P.E.)
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Perceived Stress among Different Occupational Groups and the Interaction with Sedentary Behaviour. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16234595. [PMID: 31756951 PMCID: PMC6926860 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16234595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Sedentary lifestyle and low physical activity are associated with health issues, including both physical and mental health, non-communicable diseases, overweight, obesity and reduced quality of life. This study investigated differences in physical activity and other individual factors among different occupational groups, highlighting the impact of sedentary behaviour on perceived stress by occupation. Cross-sectional study included 571 full-time workers of Kaunas city, Lithuania. The outcome of this study was assessment of perceived stress. Time spent sedentary per day, occupation and other individual characteristics were self-reported using questionnaires. Two main occupational groups were analysed: white-collar and blue-collar workers. Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess the impact of sedentary behaviour on perceived stress among different occupational groups. The prevalence of high sedentary behaviour was 21.7 and 16.8 % among white-collar and blue-collar workers, respectively. Blue-collar workers had a higher risk of high perceived stress (OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.05-2.29) compared to white-collar workers; however, sedentary time did not have any impact on high perceived stress level. Meanwhile, white-collar male (OR 4.34, 95% CI 1.46-12.95) and white-collar female (OR 3.26, 95% CI 1.23-8.65) workers who spend more than three hours per day sedentary had a greater risk of high levels of perceived stress. These findings indicate sedentary behaviour effect on perceived stress among two occupational groups-white-collar and blue-collar workers-and other important factors associated with perceived stress.
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Hermansson J, Bøggild H, Hallqvist J, Karlsson B, Knutsson A, Nilsson T, Reuterwall C, Gillander Gådin K. Interaction between Shift Work and Established Coronary Risk Factors. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE 2019; 10:57-65. [PMID: 31041922 PMCID: PMC6524742 DOI: 10.15171/ijoem.2019.1466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Background: Shift work is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease, but the causes have not yet been fully established. It has been proposed that the coronary risk factors are more hazardous for shift workers, resulting in a potential interaction effect with shift work. Objective: To analyse interaction effects of work schedule and established risk factors for coronary artery disease on the risk of myocardial infarction. Methods: This analysis was conducted in SHEEP/VHEEP, a case-control study conducted in two counties in Sweden, comprising all first-time cases of myocardial infarction among men and women 45–70 years of age with controls stratified by sex, age, and hospital catchment area, totalling to 4648 participants. Synergy index (SI) was used as the main outcome analysis method for interaction analysis. Results: There was an interaction effect between shift work and physical inactivity on the risk of myocardial infarction with SI of 2.05 (95% CI 1.07 to 3.92) for male shift workers. For female shift workers, interaction effects were found with high waist-hip ratio (SI 4.0, 95% CI 1.12 to 14.28) and elevated triglycerides (SI 5.69, 95% CI 1.67 to 19.38). Conclusion: Shift work and some established coronary risk factors have significant interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Henrik Bøggild
- Public Health and Epidemiology Group, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Johan Hallqvist
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Preventive Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Bendt Karlsson
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Occupational Medicine, University of Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anders Knutsson
- Department of Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden
| | - Tohr Nilsson
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Sundsvall Hospital, Sundsvall, Sweden
| | - Christina Reuterwall
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Occupational Medicine, University of Umeå, Sweden
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Peytz NC, Jabbari R, Bojesen SE, Nordestgaard B, Schnohr P, Prescott E. Physical activity and risk of instant and 28-day case-fatality in myocardial infarction. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0217398. [PMID: 31150433 PMCID: PMC6544224 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While physical activity reduces risk of developing myocardial infarction (MI), it is unknown whether a history of physical activity is also protective of fatal arrhythmia and case-fatality in patients who have suffered an acute MI. METHODS 104,801 individuals included in 2003-2014 in the Copenhagen General Population Study (CGPS), a prospective population-based study with self-reported leisure time physical activity (LTPA) in three categories measured at baseline, were followed until 2014 through national registries. The 1,517 individuals who suffered a first time MI during follow-up constituted the study population. Outcomes were fatal MI, defined as date of death same as date of MI (including out-of-hospital deaths) and 28-day fatality. Through multivariable analyses the association between baseline LTPA and outcomes were assessed adjusted for CVD risk factors. RESULTS Of 1,517 MI events, 117 (7.7%) were fatal and another 79 (5.6%) lead to death within 28 days. Median time from baseline to MI was 3.6 years (IQR 1.7-5.8). LTPA was associated with lower risk of fatal MI with odds ratios of 0.40 (95% CI: 0.22-0.73) for light and 0.41 (0.22-0.76) for moderate/high LTPA after multivariable adjustment with sedentary LTPA as reference. Age, alcohol-intake, education and smoking were identified as other predictors for fatal MI. We found no association between LTPA and 28-day case fatality. CONCLUSIONS Among individuals with MI, those that have engaged in any light or moderate physical activity were more likely to survive their MI. Results are consistent with effect of exercise preconditioning on risk of fatal arrhythmia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Caroline Peytz
- Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg-Frederiksberg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark, Copenhagen NV, Denmark
- * E-mail:
| | - Reza Jabbari
- Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg-Frederiksberg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark, Copenhagen NV, Denmark
| | - Stig Egil Bojesen
- The Copenhagen City Heart Study, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Boerge Nordestgaard
- The Copenhagen City Heart Study, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Peter Schnohr
- The Copenhagen City Heart Study, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Eva Prescott
- Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg-Frederiksberg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark, Copenhagen NV, Denmark
- The Copenhagen City Heart Study, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
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Gupta N, Korshøj M, Dumuid D, Coenen P, Allesøe K, Holtermann A. Daily domain-specific time-use composition of physical behaviors and blood pressure. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2019; 16:4. [PMID: 30630517 PMCID: PMC6327498 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-018-0766-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Previous research has shown contrasting effects on hypertension for occupational and leisure-time physical behaviors—physical activity and sedentary behavior and time in bed. However, (a) none of these studies have addressed the compositional property of the physical behaviors and (b) most knowledge on the association between domain-specific physical behaviors and hypertension relies upon self-reported physical behaviors information primarily on white-collar worker study samples. We aimed to be the first to disentangle the relationship between technically measured 24-h time-use behaviors in work and leisure domains and blood pressure among blue-collar workers using a compositional data analysis approach. Methods Workers (n = 669) wore accelerometers to measure daily minutes of work and leisure sedentary time, light physical activity (LPA) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), and time in bed which were isometrically log-transformed. Cross-sectional linear association between time-use composition and systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure were determined using compositional isotemporal substitutions models. Results The time-use composition at the work and leisure domains was significantly associated with SBP (F = 4.98, p < 0.001) and DBP (F = 2.91, p = 0.008). Reallocating sedentary time to remaining behaviors within each domain—work and leisure—was favorably associated with SBP. Similar results were observed when reallocating time in bed from the remaining leisure behaviors. Results for reallocating time to/from MVPA and LPA at both domains were non-significant. Results regarding all physical behaviors for DBP were generally non-significant. Conclusions Time-use composition of physical behaviors at work and leisure is associated with blood pressure among blue-collar workers. At both domains, reallocating sedentary time to remaining behaviors, especially to time in bed at leisure may reduce blood pressure. Our results, based on a compositional data approach, can be used to better design accurate and comprehensive time-use recommendations both at work and leisure for high-risk groups like blue-collar workers. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12966-018-0766-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Gupta
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Mette Korshøj
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dorothea Dumuid
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition, and Activity (ARENA), School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Pieter Coenen
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Karen Allesøe
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, The Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas Holtermann
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Cusatis R, Garbarski D. Which activities count? Using experimental data to understand conceptualizations of physical activity. SSM Popul Health 2018; 6:286-294. [PMID: 30480078 PMCID: PMC6240671 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
US health surveys consistently report that men and those with higher socioeconomic status (SES) engage in more physical activity than women and lower SES counterparts, using questions that ask about physical activity during leisure time. However, social characteristics such as gender and SES shape understandings of and access to leisure-based physical activity as well as other domains where healthy activity is available – namely house work, care work, and paid work. Thus, the physical activity of US adults may look different when what counts as physical activity expands beyond leisure activity. The current study uses Amazon’s Mechanical Turk platform to conduct a 2-by-2-by-2 factorial experiment that crosses three types of physical activities: leisure, house or care work, and paid work. We find that physical activity questions that prime respondents – that is, ask respondents – to consider house/care work or paid work lead to increased minutes reported of physical activity compared to not priming for physical activity, while asking about leisure is no different from having no physical activity primed. The effect on reported physical activity of priming with house/care work is stronger for women than men, demonstrating support for gendered specialization of time spent in the house and care work domain. The effects on reported physical activity of priming with house/care work and paid work are stronger for those with less education compared to more education, consistent with socioeconomic divisions in access to physical activity in house/care work and employment. This study highlights the contingence of our understanding of the physical activity of US adults on both its measurement in surveys and the social forces which shape understanding of and access to physical activity. Leisure questions may not capture gender and socioeconomic patterns shaping access to and opportunity for physical activity. Priming for house/care work or paid work increases minutes reported of physical activity compared to no prime. The effect on physical activity of priming respondents for house/care work is stronger for women than men. The effects on physical activity of priming with house/care work and paid work are stronger for those with less education. Understandings of physical activity of US adults relies on measurement and the social forces shaping access and opportunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Cusatis
- Medical College of Wisconsin, CIBMTR, 9200 W. Wisconsin Ave., Suite C5500, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
| | - Dana Garbarski
- Department of Sociology, Loyola University Chicago, 1032 W. Sheridan Rd., 440 Coffey Hall, Chicago, IL 60660, United States
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Huo Yung Kai S, Ruidavets JB, Carles C, Marquie JC, Bongard V, Leger D, Ferrieres J, Esquirol Y. Impact of occupational environmental stressors on blood pressure changes and on incident cases of hypertension: a 5-year follow-up from the VISAT study. Environ Health 2018; 17:79. [PMID: 30445973 PMCID: PMC6240201 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-018-0423-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of occupational stressors (OS) on blood pressure (BP) is often suspected, but asserting its impact remains uncertain. Our goal was to evaluate their impact on BP increase and on incident cases of hypertension over a 5-year period. METHODS One thousand, one hundred and fifty-six men and women from the French prospective VISAT study were followed up over five-years (T1 to T2). Exposures to a large panel of OS (physical, organizational, psychosocial and employment categories) were collected. Linear and logistic regressions were used to assess associations between OS and T2-T1 SBP difference and incident cases of hypertension. They were performed to determine the role of OS first considered separately, then in combination, in crude and adjusted models for main cardiovascular risk factors (gender, age, education, BMI, lifestyle habits and medical history). RESULTS For initial SBP level < 130 mmHg, carrying loads, intense noise exposure, working more than 48 h/week, active and high strain tended to be associated with an SBP difference increase, while job recognition was associated with a decrease. After adjustment, only significant associations with job strain and job recognition persisted. For initial SBP level ≥ 130 mmHg, being exposed to an active job strain was positively associated with T2-T1 SBP difference only in unadjusted model. Considering all the OS, the recognition of completed tasks had a major protective role. No impact of OS on incident cases of hypertension was observed. CONCLUSION Associations between OS and SBP were observed mainly when initial SBP is within the normal range, and are mainly explained by cardiovascular factors, requiring physician's particular attention to people exposed to these OS. VISAT study is registered in "LE PORTAIL EPIDEMIOLOGIE - FRANCE- AVIESAN -ID 3666".
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Camille Carles
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM UMR 1219, Equipe EPICENE, F33000 Bordeaux, France
- CHU de Bordeaux, Service de Médecine du Travail et pathologie professionnelle, F33000 Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Vanina Bongard
- UMR1027, INSERM, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, 31000 Toulouse, France
- Department of Epidemiology, CHU de Toulouse (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire), 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Damien Leger
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, APHP, Hôtel Dieu, Centre du Sommeil et de la Vigilance et EA 7330 VIFASOM, Université Paris Descartes, 75004 Paris, France
| | - Jean Ferrieres
- UMR1027, INSERM, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, 31000 Toulouse, France
- Department of Cardiology, CHU de Toulouse (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire), 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Yolande Esquirol
- UMR1027, INSERM, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, 31000 Toulouse, France
- Occupational Health department, CHU-Toulouse, 31000 Toulouse, France
- Faculté de médecine, 37 allées jules Guesde, 31000 Toulouse, France
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Coenen P, Huysmans MA, Holtermann A, Troiano R, Mork PJ, Krokstad S, Clays E, van Mechelen W, van der Beek AJ. Can socioeconomic health differences be explained by physical activity at work and during leisure time? Rationale and protocol of the active worker individual participant meta-analysis. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e023379. [PMID: 30373782 PMCID: PMC6224722 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Socioeconomic health differences have often been described, but remain insufficiently understood. Recent evidence suggests that workers who are high (compared with low) physically active at work are less healthy. Moreover, workers who are highly physically active at work are predominantly physically inactive during leisure time. These observations suggest that workers with a lower socioeconomic status may be exposed to negative health consequences of occupational physical activity and may only benefit to a limited extent from health benefits of leisure-time physical activity. Physical activity may therefore be an important driver of socioeconomic health differences. We describe the rationale and protocol of the active worker study, an individual participant data meta-analysis aimed at exploring socioeconomic health differences by differential doses of physical activity at work and leisure time. METHODS AND ANALYSIS Using database and scoping searches (we searched in PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO and Evidence-Based Medicine Reviews from database inception to 14 September 2017), we have identified 49 published and unpublished prospective studies in which the association of occupational and leisure-time physical activity with cardiovascular or all-cause mortality was assessed. Principal investigators of these studies will be invited to participate in the active worker consortium, after which data will be retrieved. After data merging and harmonising, we will perform multilevel survival analysis assessing the combined association of occupational and leisure-time physical activity with mortality. We will also test the mediating effect of physical activity on the association of socioeconomic status and mortality (ie, socioeconomic health differences). DISCUSSION The Medical Ethical Committee of the VU University Medical Center has declared, according to Dutch legislation, that the 'Dutch Medical Research Involving Human Subjects Act' does not apply to the current study. As such, no ethics approval is required. We intent to publish outcomes of the active worker Study in scientific peer-reviewed journals. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42018085228.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter Coenen
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maaike A Huysmans
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andreas Holtermann
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Richard Troiano
- Risk Factor Assessment Branch, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, US National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Paul Jarle Mork
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Steinar Krokstad
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Els Clays
- Department of Public Health, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Willem van Mechelen
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Allard J van der Beek
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Poggio R, Melendi S, Gutierrez L, Elorriaga N, Irazola V. Occupational Physical Activity and Cardiovascular Risk Factors Profile in the Adult Population of the Southern Cone of Latin America: Results From the CESCAS I Study. J Occup Environ Med 2018; 60:e470-e475. [PMID: 30020215 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000001398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We explore the association between occupational physical activity (OPA) and cardiovascular risk factors in four cities of the Southern Cone. METHODS Robust multivariable linear regression models were used to examine the associations. RESULTS The working population was constituted by 1868 men and 1672 women. Men performing high levels of OPA showed higher levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL; mean adj. diff. = 2.24 mg/dL; P = 0.004), lower levels of triglycerides (-24.59 mg/dL; P = 0.006), and total cholesterol (TC)/HDL ratio values (-0.21; P = 0.015) than reference. Women in the highest category of OPA had higher levels of HDL (2.85 mg/dL; P = 0.006), lower TC/HDL (0.27; P = 0.001), and low-density lipoprotein/HDL ratios (-0.18; P = 0.003) than sedentary activities. CONCLUSION Individuals who performed high levels of OPA did not exhibit a worse cardiovascular risk profile and an improvement on selected biomarkers was observed when compared with those performing sedentary activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosana Poggio
- Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Predictors of Hypertension in Mauritians with Normotension and Prehypertension at Baseline: A Cohort Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15071394. [PMID: 30004467 PMCID: PMC6068703 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15071394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Information on the predictors of future hypertension in Mauritians with prehypertension is scant. The aim of this study was to analyze the 5-year and 11-year risk of hypertension and its predictors in people with normotension and prehypertension at baseline in Mauritius in 1987. This was a retrospective cohort study of 883 men and 1194 women of Mauritian Indian and Mauritian Creole ethnicity, aged 25–74 years old, free of hypertension at baseline in 1987 with follow-up examinations in 1992 and 1998 using the same methodology. The main outcome was 5- and 11-year risk of hypertension. Odds ratios (OR) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. The 5-year risk of hypertension was 5.4-times higher in people with prehypertension compared with normotensive individuals at baseline. The corresponding odds for prehypertensive people at baseline regarding 11-year hypertension risk was 3.39 (95% CI 2.67–4.29) in the adjusted logistic regression models. Being of Creole ethnicity (OR 1.42; 95% CI 1.09–1.86) increased the 11-year odds of hypertension compared with the Indian population. It is of importance to screen for people with prehypertension and implement strategies to reduce their systolic blood pressure levels to the recommended levels of 120/80 mmHg. Special attention needs to be given to Mauritians of Creole ethnicity.
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