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Kifle ME, Aychiluhm SB, Anbesu EW. Global prevalence of intimate partner violence during the COVID-19 pandemic among women: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Womens Health 2024; 24:127. [PMID: 38368323 PMCID: PMC10874578 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-023-02845-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the coronavirus pandemic, people faced strict preventive measures, including staying at home and maintaining social distance, which led to increasing rates of intimate partner violence. Women have been facing dual health emergencies, including COVID-19 and domestic violence. Despite this, there is a lack of representative data on intimate partner violence during the COVID-19 pandemic and inconsistent findings. METHODS The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were used to develop the systematic review and meta-analysis. All English-language studies conducted between 31 December 2019 and May 15/2022 were extracted from databases such as PubMed/Medline, CINAHL, and Google Scholar. The quality of the articles was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Meta-Analysis of Statistics Assessment and Review Instrument (JBI-MAStARI). The I2 was used to assess heterogeneity among studies. Publication bias was assessed using funnel plot inspection and Egger's test. A random effect model was used for the analysis using RevMan and STATA 14 software. RESULT A total of 5065 studies were retrieved, and 14 studies were included in the final meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of intimate partner violence was 31% (95% CI: 22, 40). Subgroup analysis based on region showed that the highest prevalence of intimate partner violence was in developing regions (33, 95% CI: 23.0, 43.0) compared to developed regions (14, 95% CI: 11.0, 17.0). Subgroup analysis based on country showed that Uganda had the highest prevalence of IPV 68% (95% CI: 62.0, 72.0), and the lowest was in the USA 10% (95% CI: 7.0, 15.0). CONCLUSION Nearly one in three women experienced intimate partner violence during the COVID-19 pandemic. Subgroup analysis based on region showed that the highest prevalence of intimate partner violence was in developing regions (33%). All forms of intimate partner violence (physical, sexual, emotional, and economic) were prevalent. Thus, available interventions should be implemented to alleviate women's intimate partner violence during the COVID-19 pandemic and similar emerging and remerging pandemics, particularly in developing countries. TRIAL REGISTRATION PROSPERO registration number: CRD42022334613 .
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Setognal Birara Aychiluhm
- Department of Public Health, College of Medical and Health Sciences, Samara University, Samara, Ethiopia
| | - Etsay Woldu Anbesu
- Department of Public Health, College of Medical and Health Sciences, Samara University, Samara, Ethiopia
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Chen XY, Lo CKM, Chen Q, Gao S, Ho FK, Brownridge DA, Leung WC, Ip P, Ling Chan K. Intimate Partner Violence Against Women Before, During, and After Pregnancy: A Meta-Analysis. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2024:15248380241226631. [PMID: 38265064 DOI: 10.1177/15248380241226631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Intimate partner violence (IPV) against pregnant women negatively impacts women's and infants' health. Yet inconsistent results have been found regarding whether pregnancy increases or decreases the risk of IPV. To answer this question, we systematically searched for studies that provided data on IPV against women before pregnancy, during pregnancy, and after childbirth. Nineteen studies met our selection criteria. We meta-analyzed the nineteen studies for the pooled prevalence of IPV across the three periods and examined study characteristics that moderate the prevalence. Results showed the pooled prevalence estimates of IPV were 21.2% before pregnancy, 12.8% during pregnancy and 14.7% after childbirth. Although these findings suggest a reduction in IPV during pregnancy, our closer evaluation of the prevalence of IPV after childbirth revealed that the reduction does not appear to persist. The prevalence of IPV increased from 12.8% within the first year after childbirth to 24.0% beyond the first year. Taken together, we should not assume pregnancy protects women from IPV, as IPV tends to persist across a longer-term period. Future studies are needed to investigate if IPV transits into other less obvious types of violence during pregnancy. Moderator analyses showed the prevalence estimates significantly varied across countries by income levels and regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yan Chen
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | | | - Qiqi Chen
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | | | | | | | | | - Patrick Ip
- The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Ko Ling Chan
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
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Uzoho IC, Baptiste-Roberts K, Animasahun A, Bronner Y. The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) Against Women. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH AND HEALTH SERVICES 2023; 53:494-507. [PMID: 37574790 PMCID: PMC10631266 DOI: 10.1177/27551938231185968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a global public health crisis associated with adverse physical, psychological, economic, and social consequences. Studies on the impact of COVID-19 on IPV against women are scarce. This study aimed to understand the impact of COVID-19 on IPV against women. Google Scholar, PubMed, and the Cochrane Library were searched using the MeSH terms intimate partner violence, COVID-19, and women. Exclusion criteria were male-partner, elder, and child abuse and studies that targeted specific groups such as cancer, HIV, and substance abuse. Two independent reviewers completed the title, abstract screening, and review of selected articles. Thirteen out of 647 articles met the inclusion criteria. IPV against women increased in nine countries (Spain, United States, Nigeria, Ethiopia, Turkey, Peru, Bangladesh, Czech Republic, and the Democratic Republic of Congo); one country showed no change in gender-based violence among adolescent girls and young women (Kenya); and one study reported a decrease in IPV reporting by victims (United States). Policies made to mitigate the pandemic created unintended consequences that exacerbated risk factors for IPV against women. Lessons learned from COVID-19 must be used to develop policy-level support and response services to mitigate IPV against women amid a pandemic and other human crises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ijeoma C. Uzoho
- School of Community Health and Policy, Department of Public Health, Morgan State University, 4530 Portage Avenue Campus, Rm 211, 1700 E Cold Spring Lane, Baltimore, MD 21251, USA
| | - Kesha Baptiste-Roberts
- School of Community Health and Policy, Department of Public Health, Morgan State University, 4530 Portage Avenue Campus, Rm 211, 1700 E Cold Spring Lane, Baltimore, MD 21251, USA
| | - Adeola Animasahun
- School of Community Health and Policy, Department of Public Health, Morgan State University, 4530 Portage Avenue Campus, Rm 211, 1700 E Cold Spring Lane, Baltimore, MD 21251, USA
| | - Yvonne Bronner
- School of Community Health and Policy, Department of Public Health, Morgan State University, 4530 Portage Avenue Campus, Rm 206, 1700 E Cold Spring Lane, Baltimore, MD 21251, USA
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Boisvert C, Talarico R, Gandhi J, Kaluzienski M, Dingwall-Harvey AL, White RR, Sampsel K, Wen SW, Walker M, Muldoon KA, El-Chaâr D. Screening for postpartum depression and risk of suicidality with obstetrical patients: a cross-sectional survey. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2023; 23:635. [PMID: 37667173 PMCID: PMC10478309 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-023-05903-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pregnancy is a vulnerable time where the physical and social stress of the COVID-19 pandemic affects psychological health, including postpartum depression (PPD). This study is designed to estimate the prevalence and correlates of PPD and risk of suicidality among individuals who gave birth during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS We surveyed individuals who gave birth at The Ottawa Hospital and were ≥ 20 days postpartum, between March 17 and June 16, 2020. A PPD screen consisted of a score ≥ 13 using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. A score of 1, 2, or 3 on item 10 ("The thought of harming myself has occurred to me") indicates risk of suicidality. If a participant scores greater than ≥ 13 or ≥ 1 on item 10 they were flagged for PPD, the Principal Investigator (DEC) was notified within 24 h of survey completion for a chart review and to assure follow-up. Modified Poisson multivariable regression models were used to identify factors associated with PPD and risk of suicidality using adjusted risk ratios (aRR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS Of the 216 respondents, 64 (30%) screened positive for PPD and 17 (8%) screened positive for risk of suicidality. The maternal median age of the total sample was 33 years (IQR: 30-36) and the infant median age at the time of the survey was 76 days (IQR: 66-90). Most participants reported some form of positive coping strategies during the pandemic (97%) (e.g. connecting with friends and family, exercising, getting professional help) and 139 (64%) reported negative coping patterns (e.g. over/under eating, sleep problems). In total, 47 (22%) had pre-pregnancy anxiety and/or depression. Negative coping (aRR:2.90, 95% CI: 1.56-5.37) and pre-existing anxiety/depression (aRR:2.03, 95% CI:1.32-3.11) were associated with PPD. Pre-existing anxiety/depression (aRR:3.16, 95% CI:1.28-7.81) was associated with risk of suicidality. CONCLUSIONS Almost a third of participants in this study screened positive for PPD and 8% for risk of suicidality. Mental health screening and techniques to foster positive coping skills/strategies are important areas to optimize postpartum mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlie Boisvert
- Faculty of Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Robert Talarico
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Jasmine Gandhi
- Faculty of Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Mark Kaluzienski
- Faculty of Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | | | - Ruth Rennicks White
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Kari Sampsel
- Faculty of Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Shi Wu Wen
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Mark Walker
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- International and Global Health Office, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Newborn Care, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Katherine A Muldoon
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Darine El-Chaâr
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Newborn Care, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Canada.
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Al-Marhabi BD, Fahim WA, Katooa NE, Al-Nujaydi AA. Maternal and Fetal Outcomes Among Pregnant Women Exposed to Violence. Cureus 2023; 15:e44715. [PMID: 37809198 PMCID: PMC10552788 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.44715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Domestic violence against women is now widely recognized as a public health issue and a major human rights violation on a global scale. It is a significant risk factor for women's health problems. Pregnancy places a woman under significant physical and psychological pressure, even without additional stressors like abuse. This pressure can have a negative impact on both the mother's and the child's health. This study aims to assess the prevalence of violence among pregnant women and to determine the maternal and fetal outcomes among pregnant women exposed to violence. Materials and methods This cross-sectional study was conducted among 347 postpartum women to assess maternal and fetal outcomes among those who were exposed to violence during their pregnancy. A face-to-face interview was done using one tool with three parts to collect the necessary data. Part one included socio-demographic characteristics and reproductive history for participants, part two included safe and validated dates-physical violence victimization scale, and part three included maternal and fetal outcomes. Result The findings of this study showed that the prevalence of victimization occurred one to three times (28.8%), while 11.5% of victimization occurred four to nine times, and 2.6% of victimization occurred 10 times or more. Many factors play a role in violence, including family income, husband's jobs, husband smoking, being forced into marriage, a higher number of children, and parity. Additionally, it was discovered that adverse pregnancy and fetal outcomes include preterm birth (PTB), early onset of labor, low birth weight (LBW), and neonatal admission to the intensive care unit. Conclusion The result indicates that violence against pregnant women is at a significant rate. Their findings show that there are several factors that may have caused this percentage. Among the factors that contributed to violence in this study were family income, smoking, husbands' work, forced marriage, the number of pregnancies, and the number of children. To reduce violence during pregnancy, it is crucial to empower women, especially those without a source of income of their own. It is also critical to educate partners and foster healthy relationships between partners.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wafaa A Fahim
- Faculty of Nursing, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, SAU
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Fu Y, Fournier K, Seguin N, Cobey K, Sampsel K, Murphy MSQ, Wen SW, Walker M, Muldoon KA. Interventions for intimate partner violence during the perinatal period: a scoping review protocol. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e065560. [PMID: 37451742 PMCID: PMC10351229 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-065560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Globally, the prevalence and incidence of perinatal intimate partner violence (IPV) are well documented and substantiated; however, there is an urgent need to identify interventions to prevent recurrence or revictimisation, and decrease the harms of perinatal IPV. This scoping review is designed to broadly capture all potential interventions for the secondary prevention of IPV, review them in detail, and assess what can reduce revictimisation and foster improvements in both maternal and neonatal outcomes. METHODS AND ANALYSIS With the structure of the Joanna Briggs Institute and Arksey and O'Malley methodology for scoping reviews, the search will be conducted in: MEDLINE(R) ALL (OvidSP), Embase (OvidSP), CINAHL (EBSCOHost), APA PsycInfo (OvidSP), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (OvidSP), Web of Science, and Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts (ProQuest). A manual search of the reference lists of the retrieved articles will be conducted to capture all relevant studies for potential inclusion. A year limit of January 2000-June 2022 will be applied to retrieve most current peer-reviewed articles. No search filters or language limits will be used, but only publications in English and French will be eligible for inclusion. Interventions include but are not limited to: psychotherapy, educational sessions, home visitation, etc. Outcomes include but are not limited to: (1) harms of IPV among survivors (eg, revictimisation) and (2) adverse perinatal outcomes (eg, preterm birth). Interventions will be excluded if they target the perpetrator or child(ren) alone. Titles and abstracts of included studies will be screened in duplicate. Full-text documents will be extracted and reviewed by two independent reviewers. Conflicts between reviewers will be resolved by a third independent reviewer. Findings will be presented with descriptive statistics and narrative synthesis. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethics approval is not required for this scoping review. The results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publication and conference presentations. STUDY REGISTRATION Open Science Framework (OSF) registry (https://osf.io/e294r) in Centre for Open Science (OSF) on 27 May 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Fu
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Karine Fournier
- Health Science Library, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Niève Seguin
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kelly Cobey
- Open Science and Meta-Research Program, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kari Sampsel
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Emergency Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Malia S Q Murphy
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shi Wu Wen
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark Walker
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Obstetrics, Gynecology and Newborn Care, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Katherine A Muldoon
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Penna AL, de Aquino CM, Pinheiro MSN, do Nascimento RLF, Farias-Antúnez S, Araújo DABS, Mita C, Machado MMT, Castro MC. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on maternal mental health, early childhood development, and parental practices: a global scoping review. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:388. [PMID: 36823592 PMCID: PMC9950022 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15003-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In March 2020, the COVID-19 outbreak was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO), generating stark economic and social repercussions that directly or indirectly affected families' wellbeing and health status. AIMS This review aims at mapping the existing evidence on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on maternal mental health, early childhood development, and parental practices, worldwide, to identify evidence gaps and better inform future delivery of care and health policy measures. METHODS Following the protocol defined by PRISMA-ScR, this scoping review has searched for relevant studies published between January 2020 and June 2021, selecting evidence sources based on pre-established criteria. From a total of 2,308 articles, data were extracted from 537 publications from 35 countries on all three health domains. RESULTS The combined stressors brought forth by the pandemic have exerted a heavy burden on the mental health of mothers and the development of young children, partly mediated by its impact on parental practices. CONCLUSIONS Despite remaining gaps, we have identified sufficient evidence pointing to an urgent need for more concerted global research efforts and rapid policy responses to timely address severe and pervasive negative impacts to the mental health of mothers and children at a key developmental stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Luiza Penna
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA.
| | - Camila Machado de Aquino
- grid.8395.70000 0001 2160 0329Department of Community Health, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | | | | | - Simone Farias-Antúnez
- grid.411237.20000 0001 2188 7235Department of Health Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Araranguá, Brazil
| | | | - Carol Mita
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XCountway Library, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | | | - Marcia C. Castro
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Global Health and Population, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA
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Giordano V, Giordano C, Lopes IM, Pires RE, Godoy-Santos A, Giannoudis PV. Orthopaedic surgeons can play important role in identifying victims of domestic violence in the emergency department - narrative review of Brazilian literature. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e31461. [PMID: 36550911 PMCID: PMC9771306 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000031461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last year, with the social isolation imposed by the coronavirus disease pandemic, there has been a significant increase in complaints associated with physical violence against women. In the present study, an exploratory literature review was carried out on the role of the on-call orthopedic surgeon when faced with a suspicion of domestic violence, in accordance with Brazilian legislation. The main objective of the study was to show the role of this specialist in identifying victims of domestic violence by recognizing their profiles and associated risk factors. The secondary objectives were to demonstrate the most common skeletal and non-skeletal injuries in this type of violence and to present a quick and practical guide on how to identify, approach, and manage cases of domestic violence against women. The findings revealed that the main aggressors were close partners, such as spouses and ex-spouses. Young adult women, black or multiracial, and low socioeconomic status are major risk factors for intimate partner violence. Head and neck injuries are the most frequently observed lesions in this population, with more than one-third of victims reporting falls. Musculoskeletal injuries are present in up to 42% of victims of domestic violence, occurring predominantly in the upper limbs and chest, and are the leading cause of death in women aged 1 to 34 years. A practical guide for orthopedic surgeons who work in emergency departments is proposed, with basic information about their role and responsibility in identifying potential victims of intimate partner violence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Giordano
- Serviço de Ortopedia e Traumatologia Prof. Nova Monteiro, Hospital Municipal Miguel Couto, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Clínica São Vicente, Rede D’or São Luiz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Vincenzo Giordano, Serviço de Ortopedia e Traumatologia Prof. Nova Monteiro, Hospital Municipal Miguel Couto, Rua Mário Ribeiro 117/2º andar, Leblon, 22430-160, Rio DE Janeiro, RJ, Brazil (e-mail: )
| | - Carolina Giordano
- Clínica da Família Maria do Socorro Silva e Souza, Secretaria Municipal de Saúde do Rio de Janeiro, Clínica da Família Estácio de Sá, Secretaria Municipal de Saúde do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Isadora Maria Lopes
- Clínica da Família Maria do Socorro Silva e Souza, Secretaria Municipal de Saúde do Rio de Janeiro, Clínica da Família Estácio de Sá, Secretaria Municipal de Saúde do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Robinson Esteves Pires
- Departamento de Ortopedia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Godoy-Santos
- Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Peter V. Giannoudis
- Academic Department of Trauma & Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
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Muldoon KA, Talarico R, Fell DB, Illingworth H, Sampsel K, Manuel DG. Population-Level Trends in Emergency Department Encounters for Sexual Assault Preceding and During the COVID-19 Pandemic Across Ontario, Canada. JAMA Netw Open 2022; 5:e2248972. [PMID: 36580330 PMCID: PMC9856789 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.48972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Lockdown measures and the stress of the COVID-19 pandemic are factors associated with increased risk of violence, yet there is limited information on trends in emergency department (ED) encounters for sexual assault. OBJECTIVE To compare changes in ED encounters for sexual assault during the COVID-19 pandemic vs prepandemic estimates. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This retrospective, population-based cohort study used linked health administrative data from 197 EDs across Ontario, Canada, representing more than 15 million residents. Participants included all patients who presented to an ED in Ontario from January 11, 2019, to September 10, 2021. Male and female individuals of all ages were included. Data analysis was performed from March to October 2022. EXPOSURES Sexual assault, defined through 27 International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision, procedure and diagnoses codes. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Ten bimonthly time periods were used to compare differences in the frequency and rates of ED encounters for sexual assault between 2020 to 2021 (during the pandemic) compared with baseline prepandemic rates in 2019. Rate differences (RDs) and age adjusted rate ratios (aRRs) and Wald 95% CIs were calculated using Poisson regression. RESULTS From January 11, 2019, to September 10, 2021, there were 14 476 656 ED encounters, including 10 523 for sexual assault (9304 [88.4%] among female individuals). The median (IQR) age was 23 (17-33) years for female individuals and 15 (4-29) years for male individuals. Two months before the pandemic, ED encounters increased for sexual assault among female individuals (8.4 vs 6.9 cases per 100 000; RD, 1.51 [95% CI, 1.06 to 1.96]; aRR, 1.22 [95% CI, 1.09 to 1.38]) and male individuals (1.2 vs 1.0 cases per 100 000; RD, 0.19 [95% CI, 0.05 to 0.36]; aRR, 1.19 [95% CI, 0.87 to 1.64]). During the first 2 months of the pandemic, the rates decreased for female individuals (4.2 vs 8.3 cases per 100 000; RD, -4.07 [95% CI, -4.48 to -3.67]; aRR, 0.51 [95% CI, 0.44 to 0.58]) and male individuals (0.5 vs 1.2 cases per 100 000; RD, -0.72 [95% CI, -0.86 to -0.57]; aRR, 0.39 [95% CI, 0.26 to 0.58]). For the remainder of the study period, the rates of sexual assault oscillated, returning to prepandemic levels during the summer months and between COVID-19 waves. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE These findings suggest that lockdown protocols should evaluate the impact of limited care for sexual assault. Survivors should still present to EDs, especially when clinical care or legal interventions are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A. Muldoon
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- ICES, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert Talarico
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- ICES, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Deshayne B. Fell
- ICES, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Kari Sampsel
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital and University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Douglas G. Manuel
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- ICES, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Dorn F, Lange B, Braml M, Gstrein D, Nyirenda JLZ, Vanella P, Winter J, Fuest C, Krause G. The challenge of estimating the direct and indirect effects of COVID-19 interventions - Toward an integrated economic and epidemiological approach. ECONOMICS AND HUMAN BIOLOGY 2022; 49:101198. [PMID: 36630757 PMCID: PMC9642024 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehb.2022.101198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Decisions on public health measures to contain a pandemic are often based on parameters such as expected disease burden and additional mortality due to the pandemic. Both pandemics and non-pharmaceutical interventions to fight pandemics, however, produce economic, social, and medical costs. The costs are, for example, caused by changes in access to healthcare, social distancing, and restrictions on economic activity. These factors indirectly influence health outcomes in the short- and long-term perspective. In a narrative review based on targeted literature searches, we develop a comprehensive perspective on the concepts available as well as the challenges of estimating the overall disease burden and the direct and indirect effects of COVID-19 interventions from both epidemiological and economic perspectives, particularly during the early part of a pandemic. We review the literature and discuss relevant components that need to be included when estimating the direct and indirect effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. The review presents data sources and different forms of death counts, and discusses empirical findings on direct and indirect effects of the pandemic and interventions on disease burden as well as the distribution of health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Dorn
- ifo Institute - Leibniz Institute for Economic Research, Munich, Germany; Department of Economics, University of Munich (LMU), Germany; CESifo Munich, Germany.
| | - Berit Lange
- Epidemiology Department, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Braunschweig, Germany; Hannover Medical School (MHH), Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Martin Braml
- ifo Institute - Leibniz Institute for Economic Research, Munich, Germany; World Trade Organization, Economic Research and Statistics Division, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - David Gstrein
- ifo Institute - Leibniz Institute for Economic Research, Munich, Germany; Department of Economics, University of Munich (LMU), Germany
| | - John L Z Nyirenda
- Epidemiology Department, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Braunschweig, Germany; University Hospital Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Patrizio Vanella
- Epidemiology Department, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Braunschweig, Germany; Hannover Medical School (MHH), Germany; Department of Health Reporting & Biometrics, aQua-Institut, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Joachim Winter
- Department of Economics, University of Munich (LMU), Germany; CESifo Munich, Germany
| | - Clemens Fuest
- ifo Institute - Leibniz Institute for Economic Research, Munich, Germany; Department of Economics, University of Munich (LMU), Germany; CESifo Munich, Germany
| | - Gérard Krause
- Epidemiology Department, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Braunschweig, Germany; Hannover Medical School (MHH), Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Braunschweig, Germany
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11
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Johnson E, Jenssen S, Wernette GT, Tweel T, Johnson D, Zlotnick C. Web-based intervention to reduce intimate partner violence during perinatal period: A modified protocol in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Psychiatry Res 2022; 317:114895. [PMID: 37406076 PMCID: PMC9556943 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Perinatal women are at increased risk of intimate partner violence (IPV), associated with psychiatric disorders and partner revictimization. We describe changes that were made, in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, to an in-person randomized controlled study of perinatal women with IPV who had sought mental health treatment in the last year. All phases of the study's in-person delivered computerized protocol were modified for remote delivery. Special attention was given to study participants' privacy and safety, especially with regard to the use of technology. We describe study protocol and consent procedures that were made to accommodate remote delivery of the study. All phases of remote delivery of the study have been implemented successfully and safely. Compared to the first three months of in-person delivery, the first three months of remote recruitment found that more participants were screened (69% vs. 36%) and more were enrolled in the study (13% vs. 8%). To our knowledge, this is the first remote delivered study involving participants with IPV to use the 5-item Danger Assessment and a spyware and stalkerware survey as screening tools. We demonstrate that remote delivery can reduce the risk of compromising the safety and privacy of study participants with IPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Johnson
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Sofia Jenssen
- Department of Medicine, Women and Infant's Hospital, Providence, RI, United States
| | | | - Tasneem Tweel
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Dawn Johnson
- Department of Psychology, University of Akron, Akron, OH, United States
| | - Caron Zlotnick
- Department of Medicine, Women and Infant's Hospital, Providence, RI, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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12
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Belay AS, Kassie Gidafie A, Abera Gudeta T. Perinatal intimate partner violence during COVID-19 and its associated factors among postpartum mothers attending newborn immunization in southern Ethiopia, 2021: A cross-sectional study. SAGE Open Med 2022; 10:20503121221116671. [PMID: 35983083 PMCID: PMC9379272 DOI: 10.1177/20503121221116671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to assess the prevalence of perinatal intimate partner violence during COVID-19 and its associated factors among postpartum mothers attending newborn immunization in southern Ethiopia, 2021. Method: A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 657 postpartum mothers from 1 to 30 March 2021 in southern Ethiopia. All postpartum mothers who visited the selected hospitals or health centers for newborn immunization and met the inclusion criteria were included in this study. Data were cleaned, coded, entered into Epidata manager version 4.2 and then exported into SPSS version 26 for analysis. Binary and multivariate logistic regression analysis was used. Results: The prevalence of perinatal intimate partner violence was 62.4%. In this study, income loss due to COVID-19 (adjusted odds ratio: 12.00, 95% confidence interval: 5.60, 25.71, p < 0.001) was the strongest factor associated with perinatal intimate partner violence. Young age women (adjusted odds ratio: 5.82, 95% confidence interval: 2.72, 12.46, p < 0.001), partner alcohol use (adjusted odds ratio: 2.21, 95% confidence interval: 1.37, 3.56, p = 0.001), partner substance use (adjusted odds ratio: 2.07, 95% confidence interval: 1.12, 3.83, p = 0.021), and partner relationships (cohabited) (adjusted odds ratio: 1.88, 95% confidence interval: 1.06, 3.34, p = 0.032) were also strongly associated with perinatal intimate partner violence. Conclusion: The prevalence of perinatal intimate partner violence was relatively high. The health of the women should be maintained through empowerment of women and provision of health education in order to minimize prevalence of perinatal intimate partner violence associated with low income, young age, substance use, and cohabited marital status. Future qualitative studies are required to identify the underlying multifactorial reasons for intimate partner violence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alemayehu Sayih Belay
- Department of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Science, Mizan-Tepi University, Mizan Aman, Mizzan, Ethiopia
| | - Aychew Kassie Gidafie
- Department of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Science, Mizan-Tepi University, Mizan Aman, Mizzan, Ethiopia
| | - Tesfaye Abera Gudeta
- Department of Nursing, College of Health Science, Wollegai University, Nekemte, Ethiopia
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Huldani H, Kamal Abdelbasset W, Abdalkareem Jasim S, Suksatan W, Turki Jalil A, Thangavelu L, Fakri Mustafa Y, Karami M. Intimate partner violence against pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Women Health 2022; 62:556-564. [DOI: 10.1080/03630242.2022.2096755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huldani Huldani
- Department of Physiology, Lambung Mangkurat University, Banjarmasin, South Kalimantan, Indonesia
| | - Walid Kamal Abdelbasset
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia
- Hospital, Cairo UniversityDepartment of Physical Therapy, Kasr Al-Aini, Giza, Egypt
| | - Saade Abdalkareem Jasim
- Medical Laboratory Techniques Department, Al-maarif University College, Al-anbar-Ramadi, Iraq
| | - Wanich Suksatan
- Faculty of Nursing, HRH Princess Chulabhorn College of Medical Science, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Abduladheem Turki Jalil
- Medical Laboratories Techniques Department, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Hilla, Iraq
| | - Lakshmi Thangavelu
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Science, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Yasser Fakri Mustafa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq
| | - Maryam Karami
- School of Nursing & Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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