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Varga I, Hammer N, Pavlíková L, Poilliot A, Klein M, Mikušová R. Terminological discrepancies and novelties in the histological description of the female genital system: proposed amendments for clinical-translational anatomy. Anat Sci Int 2024:10.1007/s12565-024-00772-8. [PMID: 38683308 DOI: 10.1007/s12565-024-00772-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Histological terminology of the female genital organs is currently a part of the internationally accepted nomenclature Terminologia Histologica (TH), the latest edition of which dates back to 2008. Many new discoveries have been documented within 16 years since then, and many discrepancies have been found. This paper aims to revise the terminology from clinical and educational perspectives comprehensively. The authors thoroughly searched the current edition of "Terminologia Histologica: International Terms for Human Cytology and Histology," focusing on missing and controversial terms in the chapter Female genital system. The authors identified six controversial and ambiguous terms and four missing important histological terms. The authors also discussed the addition of less used eponymic terms in the histological description of female genital organs like Hamperl cells, Popescu cells, Kroemer lacunae, Balbiani bodies, Call-Exner bodies, membrane of Slavianski, nabothian cysts, or anogenital sweat glands of van der Putte. We expect the second and revised edition of the TH to be published soon and hope that the Federative International Program on Anatomical Terminology will approve and incorporate all these propositions and suggestions. We also strongly recommend using the official internationally accepted Latin and English histological nomenclature-the TH, either in oral or written form, both in theoretical and clinical medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Varga
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Histology and Embryology, Comenius University in Bratislava, Spitalska Street 24, 842 15, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
| | - Niels Hammer
- Division of Macroscopic and Clinical Anatomy, Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Medical Branch, Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology (IWU), Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Lada Pavlíková
- Faculty of Health Care Studies, University of Western Bohemia, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Amelie Poilliot
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martin Klein
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Histology and Embryology, Comenius University in Bratislava, Spitalska Street 24, 842 15, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Renáta Mikušová
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Histology and Embryology, Comenius University in Bratislava, Spitalska Street 24, 842 15, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
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2
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Ulrich ND, Shen YC, Ma Q, Yang K, Hannum DF, Jones A, Machlin J, Randolph JF, Smith YR, Schon SB, Shikanov A, Marsh EE, Lieberman R, Gurczynski SJ, Moore BB, Li JZ, Hammoud S. Cellular heterogeneity of human fallopian tubes in normal and hydrosalpinx disease states identified using scRNA-seq. Dev Cell 2022; 57:914-929.e7. [PMID: 35320732 PMCID: PMC9007916 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2022.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Fallopian tube (FT) homeostasis requires dynamic regulation of heterogeneous cell populations and is disrupted in infertility and ovarian cancer. Here, we applied single-cell RNA-seq to profile 59,738 FT cells from four healthy, pre-menopausal subjects. The resulting cell atlas contains 12 major cell types representing epithelial, stromal, and immune compartments. Re-clustering of epithelial cells identified four ciliated and six non-ciliated secretory epithelial subtypes, two of which represent potential progenitor pools: one leading to mature secretory cells and the other contributing to either ciliated cells or one of the stromal cell types. To understand how FT cell numbers and states change in a disease state, we analyzed 17,798 cells from two hydrosalpinx samples and observed shifts in epithelial and stromal populations and cell-type-specific changes in extracellular matrix and TGF-β signaling; this underscores fibrosis pathophysiology. This resource is expected to facilitate future studies aimed at expanding understanding of fallopian tube homeostasis in normal development and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole D Ulrich
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yu-Chi Shen
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Qianyi Ma
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kun Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - D Ford Hannum
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Andrea Jones
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jordan Machlin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - John F Randolph
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yolanda R Smith
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Samantha B Schon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ariella Shikanov
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Erica E Marsh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Richard Lieberman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Stephen J Gurczynski
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Bethany B Moore
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jun Z Li
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Sue Hammoud
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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3
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Chumduri C, Turco MY. Organoids of the female reproductive tract. J Mol Med (Berl) 2021; 99:531-553. [PMID: 33580825 PMCID: PMC8026429 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-020-02028-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Healthy functioning of the female reproductive tract (FRT) depends on balanced and dynamic regulation by hormones during the menstrual cycle, pregnancy and childbirth. The mucosal epithelial lining of different regions of the FRT-ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, cervix and vagina-facilitates the selective transport of gametes and successful transfer of the zygote to the uterus where it implants and pregnancy takes place. It also prevents pathogen entry. Recent developments in three-dimensional (3D) organoid systems from the FRT now provide crucial experimental models that recapitulate the cellular heterogeneity and physiological, anatomical and functional properties of the organ in vitro. In this review, we summarise the state of the art on organoids generated from different regions of the FRT. We discuss the potential applications of these powerful in vitro models to study normal physiology, fertility, infections, diseases, drug discovery and personalised medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindrilla Chumduri
- Department of Microbiology, University of Würzburg, Biocenter, Würzburg, Germany.
- Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Margherita Y Turco
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Cambridge, UK.
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4
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Hu Z, Artibani M, Alsaadi A, Wietek N, Morotti M, Shi T, Zhong Z, Santana Gonzalez L, El-Sahhar S, Carrami EM, Mallett G, Feng Y, Masuda K, Zheng Y, Chong K, Damato S, Dhar S, Campo L, Garruto Campanile R, Soleymani Majd H, Rai V, Maldonado-Perez D, Jones S, Cerundolo V, Sauka-Spengler T, Yau C, Ahmed AA. The Repertoire of Serous Ovarian Cancer Non-genetic Heterogeneity Revealed by Single-Cell Sequencing of Normal Fallopian Tube Epithelial Cells. Cancer Cell 2020; 37:226-242.e7. [PMID: 32049047 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2020.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The inter-differentiation between cell states promotes cancer cell survival under stress and fosters non-genetic heterogeneity (NGH). NGH is, therefore, a surrogate of tumor resilience but its quantification is confounded by genetic heterogeneity. Here we show that NGH in serous ovarian cancer (SOC) can be accurately measured when informed by the molecular signatures of the normal fallopian tube epithelium (FTE) cells, the cells of origin of SOC. Surveying the transcriptomes of ∼6,000 FTE cells, predominantly from non-ovarian cancer patients, identified 6 FTE subtypes. We used subtype signatures to deconvolute SOC expression data and found substantial intra-tumor NGH. Importantly, NGH-based stratification of ∼1,700 tumors robustly correlated with survival. Our findings lay the foundation for accurate prognostic and therapeutic stratification of SOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Hu
- Ovarian Cancer Cell Laboratory, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK; Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK; Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Mara Artibani
- Ovarian Cancer Cell Laboratory, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK; Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK; Gene Regulatory Networks in Development and Disease Laboratory, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Abdulkhaliq Alsaadi
- Ovarian Cancer Cell Laboratory, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK; Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Nina Wietek
- Ovarian Cancer Cell Laboratory, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK; Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK; Department of Gynecological Oncology, Churchill Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Matteo Morotti
- Ovarian Cancer Cell Laboratory, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK; Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK; Department of Gynecological Oncology, Churchill Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Tingyan Shi
- Ovarian Cancer Cell Laboratory, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK; Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Zhe Zhong
- Ovarian Cancer Cell Laboratory, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK; Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Laura Santana Gonzalez
- Ovarian Cancer Cell Laboratory, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK; Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Salma El-Sahhar
- Ovarian Cancer Cell Laboratory, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK; Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Eli M Carrami
- Ovarian Cancer Cell Laboratory, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK; Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Garry Mallett
- Ovarian Cancer Cell Laboratory, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK; Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Yun Feng
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Kenta Masuda
- Ovarian Cancer Cell Laboratory, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK; Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Yiyan Zheng
- Ovarian Cancer Cell Laboratory, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK; Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Kay Chong
- Ovarian Cancer Cell Laboratory, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK; Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Stephen Damato
- Department of Histopathology, Oxford University Hospitals, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Sunanda Dhar
- Department of Histopathology, Oxford University Hospitals, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Leticia Campo
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Riccardo Garruto Campanile
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Churchill Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Hooman Soleymani Majd
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Churchill Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Vikram Rai
- Department of Gynaecology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - David Maldonado-Perez
- Oxford Radcliffe Biobank, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK; NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Second Floor, Unipart House Business Centre, Oxford OX4 2PG, UK
| | - Stephanie Jones
- Oxford Radcliffe Biobank, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Vincenzo Cerundolo
- Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Tatjana Sauka-Spengler
- Gene Regulatory Networks in Development and Disease Laboratory, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Christopher Yau
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK; Centre for Computational Biology, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK; Alan Turing Institute, London NW1 2DB, UK.
| | - Ahmed Ashour Ahmed
- Ovarian Cancer Cell Laboratory, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK; Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK; Department of Gynecological Oncology, Churchill Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK.
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5
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Hosotani M, Ichii O, Nakamura T, Masum MA, Otani Y, Elewa YHA, Kon Y. Altered ciliary morphofunction in the oviductal infundibulum of systemic autoimmune disease-prone MRL/MpJ-Faslpr/lpr mice. Cell Tissue Res 2020; 380:627-641. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-020-03175-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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6
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Xu R, Chen L, Yang WT. Aberrantly elevated Bmi1 promotes cervical cancer tumorigenicity and tumor sphere formation via enhanced transcriptional regulation of Sox2 genes. Oncol Rep 2019; 42:688-696. [PMID: 31173263 PMCID: PMC6609343 DOI: 10.3892/or.2019.7188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The exact molecular mechanisms underlying cervical tumorigenesis are poorly understood. Polycomb complex protein Bmi1 (Bmi1) is involved in the malignant transformation and biological aggressiveness of several human carcinomas. Therefore, the present study assessed the expression of Bmi1 protein in human cervical cancer tissues and examined the mechanisms involved in cervical carcinogenesis. The expression of Bmi1 protein was examined by immunohistochemistry in cervical carcinoma tissues (n=71), high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (n=41) and normal cervical tissues (n=47). Expression of Bmi1 protein gradually increased across samples from the normal cervix (1/47; 2.12%), high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (5/42; 16.13%) and cervical carcinomas (31/71; 43.66%; P<0.05). Additionally, Bmi1 protein expression was associated with tumor histopathological grade. The effects of Bmi1 silencing and overexpression on tumor sphere formation and the tumorigenicity of cervical cancer cells were investigated. Overexpression of Bmi1 resulted in significantly attenuated tumor formation and tumor sphere formation. Consistently, Bmi1 silencing significantly inhibited tumor formation and tumor sphere formation. Furthermore, Bmi1 upregulated the expression of Sox2, and the dual-luciferase reporter assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation showed that Bmi1 transactivated Sox2 by binding to the two E-box motifs in the Sox2 promoter. In conclusion, aberrantly elevated Bmi1 promotes cervical cancer tumorigenicity and tumor sphere formation via enhanced transcriptional regulation of Sox2 genes as a potential oncogenic factor that participates in the carcinogenesis of cervical carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Xu
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of the Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Pathology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Ting Yang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of the Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
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7
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Ghosh A, Syed SM, Tanwar PS. In vivo genetic cell lineage tracing reveals that oviductal secretory cells self-renew and give rise to ciliated cells. Development 2017; 144:3031-3041. [PMID: 28743800 DOI: 10.1242/dev.149989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The epithelial lining of the fallopian tube is vital for fertility, providing nutrition to gametes and facilitating their transport. It is composed of two major cell types: secretory cells and ciliated cells. Interestingly, human ovarian cancer precursor lesions primarily consist of secretory cells. It is unclear why secretory cells are the dominant cell type in these lesions. Additionally, the underlying mechanisms governing fallopian tube epithelial homoeostasis are unknown. In the present study, we showed that across the different developmental stages of mouse oviduct, secretory cells are the most frequently dividing cells of the oviductal epithelium. In vivo genetic cell lineage tracing showed that secretory cells not only self-renew, but also give rise to ciliated cells. Analysis of a Wnt reporter mouse model and various Wnt target genes showed that the Wnt signaling pathway is involved in oviductal epithelial homoeostasis. By developing two triple-transgenic mouse models, we showed that Wnt/β-catenin signaling is essential for self-renewal as well as the differentiation of secretory cells. In summary, our results provide mechanistic insight into oviductal epithelial homoeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnab Ghosh
- Gynaecology Oncology Group, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, 2308, Australia
| | - Shafiq M Syed
- Gynaecology Oncology Group, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, 2308, Australia
| | - Pradeep S Tanwar
- Gynaecology Oncology Group, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, 2308, Australia
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8
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Organista-Nava J, Gómez-Gómez Y, Ocadiz-Delgado R, García-Villa E, Bonilla-Delgado J, Lagunas-Martínez A, Tapia JSO, Lambert PF, García-Carrancá A, Gariglio P. The HPV16 E7 oncoprotein increases the expression of Oct3/4 and stemness-related genes and augments cell self-renewal. Virology 2016; 499:230-242. [PMID: 27693927 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2016.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Oct3/4 is a transcription factor involved in maintenance of the pluripotency and self-renewal of stem cells. The E7 oncoprotein and 17β-estradiol (E2) are key factors in cervical carcinogenesis. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effect of the HPV16 E7 oncoprotein and E2 on the expression pattern of Oct3/4, Sox2, Nanog and Fgf4. We also determined whether the E7 oncoprotein is associated with cell self-renewal. The results showed that Oct3/4, Sox2, Nanog and Fgf4 were upregulated by the E7 oncoprotein in vivo and in vitro and implicate E2 in the upregulation of these factors in vivo. We also demonstrated that E7 is involved in cell self-renewal, suggesting that the HPV16 E7 oncoprotein upregulates Oct3/4, Sox2, Nanog and Fgf4 expression to maintain the self-renewal capacity of cancer stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Organista-Nava
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Instituto de Fisiología Celular (IFC), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México 04510, México; Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Ciudad de México 07360, México
| | - Yazmín Gómez-Gómez
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Instituto de Fisiología Celular (IFC), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México 04510, México; Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Ciudad de México 07360, México
| | - Rodolfo Ocadiz-Delgado
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Ciudad de México 07360, México
| | - Enrique García-Villa
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Ciudad de México 07360, México
| | - José Bonilla-Delgado
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Juárez de México, Ciudad de México 07760, México
| | - Alfredo Lagunas-Martínez
- División de Biología Molecular de Patógenos, CISEI, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Jesús Santa-Olalla Tapia
- Unidad de Diagnóstico y Medicina Molecular, "Dr. Ruy Pérez Tamayo", Hospital del Niño y el Adolescente Morelense, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México; Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autonóma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Paul F Lambert
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Alejandro García-Carrancá
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM) and División de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Secretaría de Salud, Ciudad de México 14080, México.
| | - Patricio Gariglio
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Ciudad de México 07360, México.
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9
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Liu W, Gao Q, Chen K, Xue X, Li M, Chen Q, Zhu G, Gao Y. Hiwi facilitates chemoresistance as a cancer stem cell marker in cervical cancer. Oncol Rep 2014; 32:1853-60. [PMID: 25119492 DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Hiwi, also named PiwiL1, is a human homologue of the Piwi family which is associated with stem cells and is overexpressed in several types of cancers. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the role of Hiwi in cervical carcinogenesis. Immunochemical analysis showed a significantly higher frequency of Hiwi staining in high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSILs) and cervical cancer tissues when comparing with the frequency in normal cervices. Particularly, Hiwi staining was restricted to basal cells of the normal cervix and was associated with the progression of cervical cancer and chemotherapy resistance. We further found that ectopic Hiwi increased the chemical resistance in SiHa cells, and silencing of Hiwi in HeLa cells decreased the cell viability. In addition, as a cancer stem cell marker, Hiwi promoted the tumorsphere formation in vitro and tumorigenicity in vivo and elevated the expression of several stem cell self-renewal-associated transcription factors, in spite of inhibited the proliferation. These results suggest that Hiwi may participate in the carcinogenesis of cervical cancer and may be a potential therapeutic target molecule for cervical cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Qing Gao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Kunlun Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Xue
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Mu Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Gaixia Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Ya Gao
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
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Paik DY, Janzen DM, Schafenacker AM, Velasco VS, Shung MS, Cheng D, Huang J, Witte ON, Memarzadeh S. Stem-like epithelial cells are concentrated in the distal end of the fallopian tube: a site for injury and serous cancer initiation. Stem Cells 2013; 30:2487-97. [PMID: 22911892 PMCID: PMC4442093 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The reproductive role of the fallopian tube is to transport the sperm and egg. The tube is positioned to act as a bridge between the ovary where the egg is released and the uterus where implantation occurs. Throughout reproductive years, the fallopian tube epithelium undergoes repetitive damage and regeneration. Although a reservoir of adult epithelial stem cells must exist to replenish damaged cells, they remain unidentified. Here, we report isolation of a subset of basally located human fallopian tube epithelia (FTE) that lack markers of ciliated (β-tubulin; TUBB4) or secretory (PAX8) differentiated cells. These undifferentiated cells expressed cell surface antigens: epithelial cell adhesion molecule, CD44, and integrin α 6. This FTE subpopulation was fivefold enriched for cells capable of clonal growth and self-renewal suggesting that they contain the FTE stem-like cells (FTESCs). A twofold enrichment of the FTESC was found in the distal compared to the proximal end of the tube. The distal fimbriated end of the fallopian tube is a well-characterized locus for initiation of serous carcinomas. An expansion of the cells expressing markers of FTESC was detected in tubal intraepithelial carcinomas and in fallopian tubes from patients with invasive serous cancer. These findings suggest that FTESC may play a role in the initiation of serous tumors. Characterization of these stem-like cells will provide new insight into how the FTE regenerate, respond to injury, and may initiate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Y Paik
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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11
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Coexpression of B-lymphoma Moloney murine leukemia virus insertion region-1 and sex-determining region of Y chromosome-related high mobility group box-2 in cervical carcinogenesis. Hum Pathol 2012; 44:208-17. [PMID: 22863087 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2012.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2012] [Revised: 02/21/2012] [Accepted: 02/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
B-lymphoma Moloney murine leukemia virus insertion region-1 is an oncogene in various human tumors, and overexpression correlates with a poor clinical outcome. Sex-determining region of Y chromosome-related high mobility group box-2, coding for a critical transcription factor determining the fate of stem cells, was recently identified as an oncogene in human cervical carcinoma and other tumors. However, the roles of B-lymphoma Moloney murine leukemia virus insertion region-1 and sex-determining region of Y chromosome-related high mobility group box-2 in the pathogenesis of cervical carcinoma are poorly understood. We initially observed a more pronounced increase in B-lymphoma Moloney murine leukemia virus insertion region-1 protein expression in primary cervical carcinoma than in normal cervical tissues, and B-lymphoma Moloney murine leukemia virus insertion region-1 protein expression correlated significantly with sex-determining region of Y chromosome-related high mobility group box-2 protein expression, as seen by Western blotting (r = 0.75; P < .01). Furthermore, B-lymphoma Moloney murine leukemia virus insertion region-1 and sex-determining region of Y chromosome-related high mobility group box-2 both had higher expression in cervical carcinoma than in normal cervical tissue, and the amounts correlated with pathologic grade. Immunofluorescence analysis showed that B-lymphoma Moloney murine leukemia virus insertion region-1 colocalized in the nucleus with sex-determining region of Y chromosome-related high mobility group box-2 in both normal cervical tissue and cervical carcinoma. From the cervical carcinoma cell line SiHa, we isolated 2 clones, B-lymphoma Moloney murine leukemia virus insertion region-1(+)/sex-determining region of Y chromosome-related high mobility group box-2(+) (SiHa-3) and B-lymphoma Moloney murine leukemia virus insertion region-1(-)/sex-determining region of Y chromosome-related high mobility group box-2(-) (SiHa-2). The SiHa-3 cells grew better in vitro and formed tumors more readily in vivo than did SiHa-2. Knockout of sex-determining region of Y chromosome-related high mobility group box-2 inhibited cell growth in vitro with a block at G1/S. In contrast, knockout of B-lymphoma Moloney murine leukemia virus insertion region-1 did not affect either cell growth in vitro or the cell cycle. Interference with either B-lymphoma Moloney murine leukemia virus insertion region-1 or sex-determining region of Y chromosome-related high mobility group box-2 in SiHa-3 significantly inhibited tumorigenesis (P < .05). Coexpression of B-lymphoma Moloney murine leukemia virus insertion region-1 and sex-determining region of Y chromosome-related high mobility group box-2 may promote cervical carcinogenesis.
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Ji J, Zheng PS. Expression of Sox2 in human cervical carcinogenesis. Hum Pathol 2010; 41:1438-47. [PMID: 20709360 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2009.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2009] [Revised: 11/12/2009] [Accepted: 11/20/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Sox2 is a key transcription factor for embryonic development and plays a critical role in determining the fate of stem cells. Recently, Sox2 has been detected in several human tumors, indicating a potential function in tumorigenesis. We initially reported remarkably increased nuclear Sox2 staining in cervical carcinomas compared with normal cervix (P < .05). Furthermore, Sox2 staining was detected in most tumorsphere cells isolated from fresh cervical cancer tissues but not among the differentiated tumorsphere cells. When Sox2 was stably expressed in cervical cancer cells (SiHa and HeLa), Sox2-overexpressing cells had increased proliferation, clonogenicity, and tumorigenicity in vitro and in vivo than control cells. These results suggest that Sox2 may participate in carcinogenesis of cervical carcinomas and may be a potential therapeutic target molecule for cervical cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ji
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, The People's Republic of China
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13
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Abstract
REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY The equine oviduct is the site of fertilisation and location of embryonic development during the first 5 or 6 days. It therefore has an important influence on mare fertility. Although histopathological changes have been described previously, there is limited information regarding lymphocyte subtypes present in the mucosa of the normal equine oviduct. OBJECTIVES To characterise the distribution of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ and B lymphocytes in the equine oviduct from inseminated mares during oestrus and dioestrus, and from noninseminated mares during the immediate post ovulatory period. METHODS Oviductal tissues were collected from noninseminated mares at oestrus (> 30 mm follicle, n = 4), at Day 1 post ovulation (n = 3) and at dioestrus (Day 7 post ovulation; n = 4). Oviducts were also collected from inseminated mares at Days 1, 2, and 3 post ovulation (n = 4 for each period). Cross-sections of tissues from the ampullar-isthmic junction from each oviduct were snap frozen and cryostat sections stained by the immunoperoxidase technique with monoclonal antibodies directed against equine lymphocyte surface markers for B cells as well as CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ cells. RESULTS In all oviductal sections examined, B cells were rare whereas T cells were relatively abundant. The predominant cell type found was the CD8+ phenotype, with a lesser number of CD4+ cells. Among mares, individual variation was large; therefore, although breeding status and stage of oestrous cycle appeared to alter lymphocyte populations, these differences were not significant. CONCLUSIONS AND POTENTIAL RELEVANCE A population of CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ cells exists within the mucosal region of the equine oviduct. The density of these cells is similar to that described in the human oviduct. Their function is not currently known, but they may be involved with modulation of the maternal response to the presence of spermatozoa or the early conceptus within the equine oviduct. As our capacity to differentiate these cell types improves, along with the ability to identify the specific cytokines they produce, their functional significance will become more apparent.
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Affiliation(s)
- S P Brinsko
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
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Jiwakanon J, Persson E, Dalin AM. The influence of pre- and post-ovulatory insemination and early pregnancy on the infiltration by cells of the immune system in the sow oviduct. Reprod Domest Anim 2007; 41:455-66. [PMID: 16984353 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2006.00695.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of pre- and post-ovulatory insemination and early pregnancy on the distribution of immune cells in the oviduct. Eighteen sows were pre-ovulatory and sixteen sows were post-ovulatory inseminated and slaughtered at different times, 5-6 h after insemination, 20-25 h and approximately 70 h after ovulation, day 11 and day 19. Immediately after slaughter, oviductal samples of three different segments (isthmus, ampulla and infundibulum) were fixed, embedded in plastic resin and stained with toluidine blue or cryofixed and stored in a freezer at -70 degrees C until analysed by immunohistochemistry (pre-ovulatory inseminated sows) with an avidin-biotin peroxidase method. Quantitative and qualitative examinations of oviductal epithelium and subepithelial connective tissue were performed by light microscopy. After pre- or post-ovulatory insemination, neutrophils were not observed in the oviductal epithelium from any of the segments or groups. The numbers of intraepithelial lymphocytes of all sows as well as CD2- and CD3-positive cells of the pre-ovulatory inseminated sows were higher in the infundibulum than in the other segments (p < or = 0.001). In the subepithelial connective tissue of the pre-ovulatory inseminated sows, significantly higher numbers of lymphocytes (p < or = 0.001) and plasma cells (p < or = 0.001) were found in infundibulum than in isthmus. Neutrophils were found mainly in infundibulum, the number approximately 40 h after pre-ovulatory insemination was significantly higher (p < or = 0.05) than in the other groups and segments. Significantly higher numbers of CD2 than CD3-positive cells were found for all groups and segments. In the subepithelial connective tissue of post-ovulatory inseminated sows, the numbers of lymphocytes was higher (p < or = 0.001) at day 19 than up to 50 h after insemination and lower (p < or = 0.001) in isthmus than in ampulla and infundibulum. Neutrophils were found in infundibulum in almost all groups and the number was significantly higher (p < or = 0.05) in the infundibulum up to 50 h after insemination than in other segments. In the oviductal epithelium, no influence of insemination was found on the presence of phagocytes, i.e. neutrophils and macrophages, but on lymphocytes. In the infundibular connective tissue, pre-ovulatory insemination had an effect on neutrophil distribution, indicating an active immune response to insemination in the upper segment. Post-ovulatory insemination changed the oviductal immune cell pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Jiwakanon
- Division of Comparative Reproduction, Obstetrics and Udder Health, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala, Sweden.
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Jiwakanon J, Persson E, Kaeoket K, Dalin AM. The sow endosalpinx at different stages of the oestrous cycle and at anoestrus: studies on morphological changes and infiltration by cells of the immune system. Reprod Domest Anim 2005; 40:28-39. [PMID: 15654998 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2004.00550.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the morphological changes of the sow endosalpinx and the distribution of leukocytes throughout the oestrous cycle and at anoestrus. Nineteen crossbred sows (Swedish Landrace x Swedish Yorkshire) at late dioestrus (three), prooestrus (three), oestrus (three), early dioestrus (three), dioestrus (three) and anoestrus (four) were used. Oviductal samples from three different parts (isthmus, ampulla and infundibulum), taken immediately after slaughter, were fixed, embedded in plastic resin and stained with toluidine blue or stored in a freezer at -70 degrees C until analysed by immunohistochemistry (prooestrus and anoestrus) with an avidin-biotin peroxidase method. Quantitative and qualitative examinations of oviductal epithelium and subepithelial connective tissue were performed by light microscopy. During all stages, a lower degree of morphological changes (pseudostratification, mitosis and secretory granules) was found in the isthmus compared with ampulla and infundibulum. In ampulla and infundibulum, pseudostratification, mitotic activity and secretory granules of the epithelium were high at prooestrus/oestrus. Cytoplasmic protrusions of epithelial cells with some extruded nuclei were prominent in ampulla and infundibulum at all stages except for oestrus and early dioestrus. Lymphocytes as well as CD2- and CD3-positive cells were the predominant immune cells in the epithelial layer. The numbers of lymphocytes and CD3-positive cells did not differ among segments and stages. Numbers of CD2-positive cells did not differ between prooestrus and anoestrus while the numbers were significantly higher in the infundibulum than in ampulla and isthmus. Neutrophils were only occasionally found and mainly in the infundibulum. In the subepithelial connective tissue layer, the two most commonly observed immune cell types were lymphocytes and plasma cells. The numbers of lymphocytes as well as CD2- and CD3-positive cells was lower in isthmus than in the other segments (p < or = 0.001). Higher numbers of plasma cells (p < or = 0.001) were found in infundibulum than in ampulla and isthmus. The numbers of lymphocytes and plasma cells were not significantly different between stages of the oestrous cycle. However, the number of neutrophils differed and were highest at prooestrus in ampulla and infundibulum. The numbers of CD2-, CD3- and CD79-positive cells did not differ between prooestrus and anoestrus whereas for CD14- and SWC3-positive cells, the numbers were higher at prooestrus (p < or = 0.05) than at anoestrus. In the oviduct, the morphology differed in ampulla and infundibulum with oestrous cycle stages, which indicates an effect by ovarian steroid hormones. The immune cell infiltration was less influenced by cyclic changes. However, the immune cell infiltration (in the connective tissue) in the upper part, especially infundibulum, differed significantly from the one in the lower part, isthmus, indicating different immune functions within various parts of the oviduct.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Jiwakanon
- Division of Comparative Reproduction, Obstetrics and Udder Health, Department of Clinical Science, Uppsala, Sweden.
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16
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MUCOSAL IMMUNITY OF THE GENITAL TRACT. Sex Transm Dis 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-012663330-6/50005-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Edelstam GA, Karlsson-Parra A. The human leucocyte antigen (HLA) DR expression and the distribution of T-lymphocytes in the fimbriae of the normal fallopian tube and during pelvic adhesion disease. Am J Reprod Immunol 1996; 35:471-6. [PMID: 8738718 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0897.1996.tb00127.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Systematically to investigate the expression of human leucocyte antigen (HLA) DR on the columnar epithelium and the content of T-lymphocytes in the fimbriae specimens of the fallopian tube from healthy women and from women with infertility and pelvic adhesions. METHOD The staining of HLA-DR expression on the columnar epithelium was judged on a four-graded scale according to the distribution of HLA-DR expression. The amount and distribution of T-lymphocytes were registered. RESULTS The biopsies from normal fimbriae contained sparsely infiltrating T-lymphocytes. On the columnar epithelial cells a patchy HLA-DR expression was observed that was more widespread in preovulatory cases. In some biopsies from sactosalpinx, the HLA-DR expression was found completely to cover the columnar epithelial cells and was associated with a heavy infiltration of T-lymphocytes. CD4+ T-lymphocytes dominated in all but one adhesion biopsies. CONCLUSION The findings indicate an ongoing immunological activity in pelvic adhesions that might immunologically influence fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Edelstam
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nacka Hospital, Sweden
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18
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Abstract
PROBLEM Immunohistochemical investigations for the detection of lymphocyte subsets in the human oviduct have been performed. Knowledge about local immunity especially cell-mediated immunity, in the fallopian tube has been, up to now, limited. As an essential structure for the human reproduction process, the tubal mucous membrane is exposed to a variety of antigens. METHOD A total number of 20 tubal biopsies obtained from fertile women during gynecological operations like tubal ligations or hysterectomy were examined by the immunoperoxidase technique. Seven specimens were obtained during the proliferative phase, ten during the secretory phase and three during a caesarean section with tubal ligations. RESULTS It could be established that the presence of lymphocytes in the oviductal mucous membrane is physiological. These cells can be identified by their typical immunohistochemical patterns. There were no significant differences of the type and number of lymphocytes in the mucosa within the phases of menstrual cycle. The dominant cell types in the tubal mucosa were the CD3+ and CD8+ lymphocytes. CONCLUSIONS It can be suggested that the lymphocytes in the tubal mucosa may involved in the process of immune tolerance, which could realize the transport of sperms and blastocysts through the oviduct under normal conditions without activation of local immune mechanisms. The lymphoid tissue of the oviduct is a specialized form of mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT).
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Affiliation(s)
- M Boehme
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical Academy of Magdeburg, Germany
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Evidence for the Existence and Significance of Immune Cells in Male and Female Reproductive Tissues. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/s0889-8561(22)00245-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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20
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Tam PP, Mao KR, Lai FM. The ultrastructural changes of the mucosa of blocked fallopian tubes. BRITISH JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY 1988; 95:802-7. [PMID: 3166954 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.1988.tb06555.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The ultrastructure of the epithelium was studied in four blocked fallopian tubes which differed in the site of blockage and the degree of luminal distension. In all four specimens, there were large areas of the luminal surface which became barren and devoid of both the secretory and ciliated cells. Necrotic secretory cells and partially sloughed ciliated cells were observed in the remaining epithelium. Isolated patches of attenuated epithelium decorated with ciliated cells were sometimes found in the crypt of the mucosal folds. Results of this study suggest that pathological changes in the epithelium are common to tubes of both the terminal and cornual blockage.
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Affiliation(s)
- P P Tam
- Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T
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21
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Weikel W, Wagner R, Moll R. Characterization of subcolumnar reserve cells and other epithelia of human uterine cervix. Demonstration of diverse cytokeratin polypeptides in reserve cells. VIRCHOWS ARCHIV. B, CELL PATHOLOGY INCLUDING MOLECULAR PATHOLOGY 1987; 54:98-110. [PMID: 2447698 DOI: 10.1007/bf02899201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
We have analyzed the expression of cytokeratin polypeptides in subcolumnar reserve cells of the human uterine endocervical mucosa and the other epithelial cells using immunoperoxidase and immunofluorescence microscopy as well as by applying two-dimensional gel electrophoresis to microdissected cytoskeletal preparations. Endocervical columnar cells were uniformly positive for antibodies directed against the simple epithelium-type cytokeratins nos. 7, 8, 18, and 19, while a variable proportion of these cells was stained by an antibody against cytokeratin no. 4. Reserve cells were not only positive for cytokeratins nos. 8 (weakly and variably) and 19 but were also decorated by antibody KA 1, which reacts with cytokeratins present in stratified squamous epithelia. This last antibody selectively decorated reserve cells even when they were flat and inconspicuous. Antibody KA 1 uniformly stained the ectocervical squamous epithelium, the basal cells of which were also decorated by antibodies directed against cytokeratins nos. 8 (weakly and variably) and 19. Ectocervical suprabasal cells were positive, to a variable extent, for antibodies against cytokeratins nos. 4, 10/11, and 13. Gel electrophoresis revealed the presence of squamous-type cytokeratins nos. 5 and 17 in reserve cell-rich, but not in reserve cell-free, endocervical mucosa. We also analyzed the distribution pattern of these cells, as revealed by antibody KA 1, in the endocervical mucosa of 26 uteri. In all the specimens examined reserve cells were present, but their numbers exhibited considerable variation. In some cases these cells were confined to small islets localized deep within the cervical canal and lacked any continuity with the squamous epithelium. The expression of cytokeratins nos. 5 and 17 in reserve cells indicates that these cells have undergone a low level of squamous differentiation. The additional expression of cytokeratins nos. 8 and 19 in these cells points to a relationship with simple epithelial cells. The present data would seem to favor the view that reserve cells originate in situ from the columnar epithelium; however, this would imply an acquisition of new differentiation properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Weikel
- Institute of Pathology, University of Mainz, Federal Republic of Germany
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22
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Abstract
Leucocytes at the ectopic implantation site in 10 cases of early tubal pregnancy were characterised with a series of monoclonal antibodies using an indirect immunoperoxidase technique on cryostat sections. Most were HLA-DR positive macrophages, and there were a small number of mature T lymphocytes (UCHT1 and Dako-T1 positive cells). These results were compared with those reported in normal first trimester intrauterine pregnancies, and the contributions of the various leucocyte types to successful implantation at both the ectopic and intrauterine sites were assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Earl
- Department of Pathology, University of Leeds
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