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Togi S, Ura H, Niida Y. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of MED12 c.887G>A causing both missense and splicing variants in X-linked Ohdo syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2024:e63628. [PMID: 38655688 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.63628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The phenotypes associated with MED12 pathogenic variants are diverse. Male patients usually have missense variants, but the effects of base substitutions on mRNA splicing have not been investigated. Here, we report a Japanese brother with intellectual disability, characteristic facial appearance with blepharophimosis, cleft palate, Fallot tetralogy, vesicoureteral reflux, and deafness. A known missense pathogenic variant was detected in MED12, NM_005120.3:c.887G>A p.(Arg296Gln), and X-linked Ohdo syndrome was diagnosed in combination with their phenotype. mRNA splicing of MED12 was evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively using long-range PCR-based targeted RNA sequencing (reverse transcribed long amplicon sequencing), and it was shown that this missense variant simultaneously causes aberrant splicing of the 42-bp in-frame deletion in exon 7, r.847_888del, which accounts for approximately 30% of the mRNAs in both siblings. The X chromosome inactivation study showed that the X chromosome carrying the mutant allele was 100% inactivated in the carrier mothers. mRNA level analysis is essential for the accurate interpretation of the effects of variants. In this case, the MED12 protein function may be reduced by more than just an amino acid substitution, resulting in the patients with the most severe phenotype of MED12-related syndrome in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumihito Togi
- Center for Clinical Genomics, Kanazawa Medical University Hospital, Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan
- Division of Genomic Medicine, Department of Advanced Medicine, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Hiroki Ura
- Center for Clinical Genomics, Kanazawa Medical University Hospital, Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan
- Division of Genomic Medicine, Department of Advanced Medicine, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Yo Niida
- Center for Clinical Genomics, Kanazawa Medical University Hospital, Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan
- Division of Genomic Medicine, Department of Advanced Medicine, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan
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2
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Margot H, Pizano A, Amestoy A, Lacombe D, Berges C, Beneteau C, Innes AM. Investigations of an individual with a Marfanoid habitus, mild intellectual disability, and severe social anxiety identifies PCDHGA5 as a candidate neurodevelopmental disorder gene. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS. PART C, SEMINARS IN MEDICAL GENETICS 2024:e32087. [PMID: 38591859 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.c.32087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Marfanoid habitus and intellectual disability (MHID) co-occur in multiple neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD). Among those, Lujan-Fryns, an X-linked genetic disorder associated with variants in MED12 was the first such syndrome identified. Accurate molecular diagnosis for these MHID syndromes remains a challenge due to significant clinical and genetic heterogeneity. We present a case report of a 20-year-old male patient with MHID and severe social anxiety. A comprehensive clinical evaluation, including morphotype assessment, cognitive, and psychometric and genetic testing, was conducted to provide a detailed understanding of the patient's complex clinical presentation. Psychometric assessments revealed severe social anxiety and various cognitive and emotional challenges. Despite some autism-like symptoms, the patient's clinical presentation was more aligned with mild intellectual disability. Exome sequencing was inconclusive but identified a heterozygous de novo missense variant in the PCDHGA5 gene. This gene is not known in human pathology yet, but we also report a second patient with a syndromic neurodevelopmental disorder and a rare de novo variant which leads us to propose this as a candidate gene. Our findings emphasize the importance of multidisciplinary approach in the diagnosis and management of MHID. This case report underscores the need for objective clinical evaluations and standardized tools to better understand the complex clinical profiles of patients with NDDs. The identification of novel PCDHGA5 gene variants adds this gene's candidacy to the genetic landscape of MHID-NDD, warranting further investigation to determine its potential contribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henri Margot
- Univ. Bordeaux, MRGM INSERM U1211, CHU de Bordeaux, Service de Génétique Médicale, Bordeaux, France
| | - Adrien Pizano
- Aquitaine Autism Resources Centre, Centre Hospitalier Charles-Perrens, University Pole of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Bordeaux, France
| | - Anouck Amestoy
- Aquitaine Autism Resources Centre, Centre Hospitalier Charles-Perrens, University Pole of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Bordeaux, France
| | - Didier Lacombe
- Univ. Bordeaux, MRGM INSERM U1211, CHU de Bordeaux, Service de Génétique Médicale, Bordeaux, France
| | - Camille Berges
- Univ. Bordeaux, MRGM INSERM U1211, CHU de Bordeaux, Service de Génétique Médicale, Bordeaux, France
| | - Claire Beneteau
- Univ. Bordeaux, MRGM INSERM U1211, CHU de Bordeaux, Service de Génétique Médicale, Bordeaux, France
| | - A Micheil Innes
- Department of Medical Genetics and Pediatrics and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
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3
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Yang JH, Liu ZG, Liu CL, Zhang MR, Jia YL, Zhai QX, He MF, He N, Qiao JD. MED12 variants associated with X-linked recessive partial epilepsy without intellectual disability. Seizure 2024; 116:30-36. [PMID: 36894399 DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2023.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The MED12 gene encodes mediator complex subunit 12, which is a component of the mediator complex involved in the transcriptional regulation of nearly all RNA polymerase II-dependent genes. MED12 variants have previously been associated with developmental disorders with or without nonspecific intellectual disability. This study aims to explore the association between MED12 variants and epilepsy. MATERIALS AND METHODS Trios-based whole-exome sequencing was performed in a cohort of 349 unrelated cases with partial (focal) epilepsy without acquired causes. The genotype-phenotype correlations of MED12 variants were analyzed. RESULTS Five hemizygous missense MED12 variants, including c.958A>G/p.Ile320Val, c.1757G>A/p.Ser586Asn, c.2138C>T/p.Pro713Leu, c.3379T>C/p.Ser1127Pro, and c.4219A>C/p.Met1407Leu were identified in five unrelated males with partial epilepsy. All patients showed infrequent focal seizures and achieved seizure free without developmental abnormalities or intellectual disability. All the hemizygous variants were inherited from asymptomatic mothers (consistent with the X-linked recessive inheritance pattern) and were absent in the general population. The two variants with damaging hydrogen bonds were associated with early-onset seizures. Further genotype-phenotype analysis revealed that congenital anomaly disorder (Hardikar syndrome) was associated with (de novo) destructive variants in an X-linked dominant inheritance pattern, whereas epilepsy was associated with missense variants in an X-linked recessive inheritance pattern. Phenotypic features of intellectual disability appeared as the intermediate phenotype in terms of both genotype and inheritance. Epilepsy-related variants were located at the MED12-LCEWAV domain and the regions between MED12-LCEWAV and MED12-POL. CONCLUSION MED12 is a potentially causative gene for X-linked recessive partial epilepsy without developmental or intellectual abnormalities. The genotype-phenotype correlation of MED12 variants explains the phenotypic variations and can help the genetic diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie-Hua Yang
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Foshan Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Chun-Ling Liu
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Ming-Rui Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan-Lu Jia
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Qiong-Xiang Zhai
- Department of pediatrics, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming-Feng He
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Na He
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Jing-Da Qiao
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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4
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Shpargel KB, Quickstad G. SETting up the genome: KMT2D and KDM6A genomic function in the Kabuki syndrome craniofacial developmental disorder. Birth Defects Res 2023; 115:1885-1898. [PMID: 37800171 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.2253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kabuki syndrome is a congenital developmental disorder that is characterized by distinctive facial gestalt and skeletal abnormalities. Although rare, the disorder shares clinical features with several related craniofacial syndromes that manifest from mutations in chromatin-modifying enzymes. Collectively, these clinical studies underscore the crucial, concerted functions of chromatin factors in shaping developmental genome structure and driving cellular transcriptional states. Kabuki syndrome predominantly results from mutations in KMT2D, a histone H3 lysine 4 methylase, or KDM6A, a histone H3 lysine 27 demethylase. AIMS In this review, we summarize the research efforts to model Kabuki syndrome in vivo to understand the cellular and molecular mechanisms that lead to the craniofacial and skeletal pathogenesis that defines the disorder. DISCUSSION As several studies have indicated the importance of KMT2D and KDM6A function through catalytic-independent mechanisms, we highlight noncanonical roles for these enzymes as recruitment centers for alternative chromatin and transcriptional machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl B Shpargel
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Gabrielle Quickstad
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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Hamada N, Iwamoto I, Nagata KI. MED13L and its disease-associated variants influence the dendritic development of cerebral cortical neurons in the mammalian brain. J Neurochem 2023; 165:334-347. [PMID: 36798993 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
The mediator complex comprises multiple subcellular subunits that collectively function as a molecular interface between RNA polymerase II and gene-specific transcription factors. Recently, genetic variants to one subunit of the complex, known as MED13L (mediator complex subunit 13 like), have been implicated in syndromic intellectual disability and distinct facial features, frequently accompanied by congenital heart defects. We investigated the impact of five disease-associated MED13L variants on the subcellular localization and biochemical stability of MED13L protein in vitro and in vivo. In overexpression assays using cortical neurons from embryonic mouse cerebral cortices transduced by in utero electroporation-mediated gene transfer, we found that mouse orthologues of human MED13L-p.P866L and -p.T2162M missense variants accumulated in the nucleus, while the p.S2163L and p.S2177Y variants were diffusely distributed in the cytoplasm. In contrast, we found that the p.Q1922* truncation variant was barely detectable in transduced cells, a phenotype reminiscent of this variant that results in MED13L haploinsufficiency in humans. Next, we analyzed these variants for their effects on neuronal migration, dendritic growth, spine morphology, and axon elongation of cortical neurons in vivo. There, we found that overexpression of the p.P866L variant resulted in reduced number and length of dendrites of cortical layer II/III pyramidal neurons. Furthermore, we show that mMED13L-knockdown abrogated dendritic growth in vivo, and this effect was significantly rescued by co-electroporation of an RNAi-resistant mMED13L, but weakly by the p.T2162M variant, and not at all by the p.S2163L variant. However, overexpression of the p.S2163L variant inhibited mature dendritic spine formation in vivo. Expression of each of the 5 variants did not affect neuronal cell migration and callosal axon elongation in vivo. Taken together, our results demonstrate that MED13L expression is relevant to corticogenesis and influences the dendritic branching characteristics of cortical excitatory neurons. Our study also suggests that disease-associated MED13L variants may directly cause morphological and functional defects in cortical neurons in different ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanako Hamada
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Developmental Disability Center, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Ikuko Iwamoto
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Developmental Disability Center, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Koh-Ichi Nagata
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Developmental Disability Center, Kasugai, Japan.,Department of Neurochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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6
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Maia N, Ibarluzea N, Misra-Isrie M, Koboldt DC, Marques I, Soares G, Santos R, Marcelis CLM, Keski-Filppula R, Guitart M, Gabau Vila E, Lehman A, Hickey S, Mori M, Terhal P, Valenzuela I, Lasa-Aranzasti A, Cueto-González AM, Chhouk BH, Yeh RC, Neil JE, Abu-Libde B, Kleefstra T, Elting MW, Császár A, Kárteszi J, Bessenyei B, van Bokhoven H, Jorge P, van Hagen JM, de Brouwer APM. Missense MED12 variants in 22 males with intellectual disability: From nonspecific symptoms to complete syndromes. Am J Med Genet A 2023; 191:135-143. [PMID: 36271811 PMCID: PMC10092556 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.63004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We describe the phenotype of 22 male patients (20 probands) carrying a hemizygous missense variant in MED12. The phenotypic spectrum is very broad ranging from nonspecific intellectual disability (ID) to the three well-known syndromes: Opitz-Kaveggia syndrome, Lujan-Fryns syndrome, or Ohdo syndrome. The identified variants were randomly distributed throughout the gene (p = 0.993, χ2 test), but mostly outside the functional domains (p = 0.004; χ2 test). Statistical analyses did not show a correlation between the MED12-related phenotypes and the locations of the variants (p = 0.295; Pearson correlation), nor the protein domain involved (p = 0.422; Pearson correlation). In conclusion, establishing a genotype-phenotype correlation in MED12-related diseases remains challenging. Therefore, we think that patients with a causative MED12 variant are currently underdiagnosed due to the broad patients' clinical presentations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuno Maia
- Unidade de Genética Molecular, Centro de Genética Médica Doutor Jacinto de Magalhães (CGM), Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto (CHUPorto); Unit for Multidisciplinary Research In Biomedicine (UMIB), Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), and ITR - Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Mala Misra-Isrie
- Department of Human Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel C Koboldt
- Steve and Cindy Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Isabel Marques
- Unidade de Genética Molecular, Centro de Genética Médica Doutor Jacinto de Magalhães (CGM), Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto (CHUPorto); Unit for Multidisciplinary Research In Biomedicine (UMIB), Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), and ITR - Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Gabriela Soares
- Unidade de Genética Médica, Centro de Genética Médica Doutor Jacinto de Magalhães (CGM), Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto (CHUPorto), Porto, Portugal
| | - Rosário Santos
- Unidade de Genética Molecular, Centro de Genética Médica Doutor Jacinto de Magalhães (CGM), Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto (CHUPorto); Unit for Multidisciplinary Research In Biomedicine (UMIB), Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), and ITR - Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carlo L M Marcelis
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Riikka Keski-Filppula
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Oulu University Hospital, Medical Research Center Oulu and PEDEGO Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Miriam Guitart
- Paediatric Unit, ParcTaulí Hospital Universitari, Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí, I3PTUniversitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Sabadell, Spain
| | - Elisabeth Gabau Vila
- Paediatric Unit, ParcTaulí Hospital Universitari, Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí, I3PTUniversitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Sabadell, Spain
| | - April Lehman
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Division of Genetic & Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Scott Hickey
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Division of Genetic & Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Mari Mori
- Division of Genetic & Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Paulien Terhal
- Division Laboratories, Pharmacy and Biomedical Genetics, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Irene Valenzuela
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Genetics, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital and Medicine Genetics Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Amaia Lasa-Aranzasti
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Genetics, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital and Medicine Genetics Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Maria Cueto-González
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Genetics, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital and Medicine Genetics Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Brian H Chhouk
- Division of Genetics and Genomics and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rebecca C Yeh
- Division of Genetics and Genomics and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jennifer E Neil
- Division of Genetics and Genomics and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Tjitske Kleefstra
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Mariet W Elting
- Department of Human Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andrea Császár
- Paediatric Ward, Hospital of Zala County, Zalaegerszeg, Hungary
| | - Judit Kárteszi
- Genetic Counselling, Hospital of Zala County, Zalaegerszeg, Hungary
| | - Beáta Bessenyei
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Hans van Bokhoven
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Paula Jorge
- Unidade de Genética Molecular, Centro de Genética Médica Doutor Jacinto de Magalhães (CGM), Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto (CHUPorto); Unit for Multidisciplinary Research In Biomedicine (UMIB), Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), and ITR - Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Johanna M van Hagen
- Department of Human Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arjan P M de Brouwer
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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7
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Meziane H, Birling MC, Wendling O, Leblanc S, Dubos A, Selloum M, Pavlovic G, Sorg T, Kalscheuer VM, Billuart P, Laumonnier F, Chelly J, van Bokhoven H, Herault Y. Large-Scale Functional Assessment of Genes Involved in Rare Diseases with Intellectual Disabilities Unravels Unique Developmental and Behaviour Profiles in Mouse Models. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10123148. [PMID: 36551904 PMCID: PMC9775489 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Major progress has been made over the last decade in identifying novel genes involved in neurodevelopmental disorders, although the task of elucidating their corresponding molecular and pathophysiological mechanisms, which are an essential prerequisite for developing therapies, has fallen far behind. We selected 45 genes for intellectual disabilities to generate and characterize mouse models. Thirty-nine of them were based on the frequency of pathogenic variants in patients and literature reports, with several corresponding to de novo variants, and six other candidate genes. We used an extensive screen covering the development and adult stages, focusing specifically on behaviour and cognition to assess a wide range of functions and their pathologies, ranging from basic neurological reflexes to cognitive abilities. A heatmap of behaviour phenotypes was established, together with the results of selected mutants. Overall, three main classes of mutant lines were identified based on activity phenotypes, with which other motor or cognitive deficits were associated. These data showed the heterogeneity of phenotypes between mutation types, recapitulating several human features, and emphasizing the importance of such systematic approaches for both deciphering genetic etiological causes of ID and autism spectrum disorders, and for building appropriate therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Meziane
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Clinique de la Souris (ICS), PHENOMIN, CELPHEDIA, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Marie-Christine Birling
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Clinique de la Souris (ICS), PHENOMIN, CELPHEDIA, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Olivia Wendling
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Clinique de la Souris (ICS), PHENOMIN, CELPHEDIA, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Sophie Leblanc
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Clinique de la Souris (ICS), PHENOMIN, CELPHEDIA, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Aline Dubos
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Clinique de la Souris (ICS), PHENOMIN, CELPHEDIA, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, INSERM, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Mohammed Selloum
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Clinique de la Souris (ICS), PHENOMIN, CELPHEDIA, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Guillaume Pavlovic
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Clinique de la Souris (ICS), PHENOMIN, CELPHEDIA, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Tania Sorg
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Clinique de la Souris (ICS), PHENOMIN, CELPHEDIA, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Vera M. Kalscheuer
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Research Group Development and Disease, Ihnestr. 63-73, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Pierre Billuart
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), Université de Paris, INSERM U1266, “Genetic and Development of Cerebral Cortex”, 75014 Paris, France
- GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Hôpital Sainte Anne, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Laumonnier
- UMR1253, iBrain, University of Tours, Inserm, 37032 Tours, France
- Service de Génétique, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, 37044 Tours, France
| | - Jamel Chelly
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, INSERM, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Hans van Bokhoven
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboudumc, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboudumc, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Centre for Neuroscience, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Yann Herault
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Clinique de la Souris (ICS), PHENOMIN, CELPHEDIA, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, INSERM, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-388-65-5715
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8
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Haque F, Honjo T, Begum NA. XLID syndrome gene Med12 promotes Ig isotype switching through chromatin modification and enhancer RNA regulation. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eadd1466. [PMID: 36427307 PMCID: PMC9699684 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add1466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The transcriptional coactivator Med12 regulates gene expression through its kinase module. Here, we show a kinase module-independent function of Med12 in CSR. Med12 is essential for super-enhancer activation by collaborating with p300-Jmjd6/Carm1 coactivator complexes. Med12 loss decreases H3K27 acetylation and eRNA transcription with concomitant impairment of AID-induced DNA breaks, S-S synapse formation, and 3'RR-Eμ interaction. CRISPR-dCas9-mediated enhancer activation reestablishes the epigenomic and transcriptional hallmarks of the super-enhancer and fully restores the Med12 depletion defects. Moreover, 3'RR-derived eRNAs are critical for promoting S region epigenetic regulation, synapse formation, and recruitment of Med12 and AID to the IgH locus. We find that XLID syndrome-associated Med12 mutations are defective in both 3'RR eRNA transcription and CSR, suggesting that B and neuronal cells may have cell-specific super-enhancer dysfunctions. We conclude that Med12 is essential for IgH 3'RR activation/eRNA transcription and plays a central role in AID-induced antibody gene diversification and genomic instability in B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farazul Haque
- Department of Immunology and Genomic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Tasuku Honjo
- Department of Immunology and Genomic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Nasim A Begum
- Department of Immunology and Genomic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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9
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Mattingly M, Seidel C, Muñoz S, Hao Y, Zhang Y, Wen Z, Florens L, Uhlmann F, Gerton JL. Mediator recruits the cohesin loader Scc2 to RNA Pol II-transcribed genes and promotes sister chromatid cohesion. Curr Biol 2022; 32:2884-2896.e6. [PMID: 35654035 PMCID: PMC9286023 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The ring-like cohesin complex plays an essential role in chromosome segregation, organization, and double-strand break repair through its ability to bring two DNA double helices together. Scc2 (NIPBL in humans) together with Scc4 functions as the loader of cohesin onto chromosomes. Chromatin adapters such as the RSC complex facilitate the localization of the Scc2-Scc4 cohesin loader. Here, we identify a broad range of Scc2-chromatin protein interactions that are evolutionarily conserved and reveal a role for one complex, Mediator, in the recruitment of the cohesin loader. We identified budding yeast Med14, a subunit of the Mediator complex, as a high copy suppressor of poor growth in Scc2 mutant strains. Physical and genetic interactions between Scc2 and Mediator are functionally substantiated in direct recruitment and cohesion assays. Depletion of Med14 results in defective sister chromatid cohesion and the decreased binding of Scc2 at RNA Pol II-transcribed genes. Previous work has suggested that Mediator, Nipbl, and cohesin connect enhancers and promoters of active mammalian genes. Our studies suggest an evolutionarily conserved fundamental role for Mediator in the direct recruitment of Scc2 to RNA Pol II-transcribed genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Mattingly
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Chris Seidel
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Sofía Muñoz
- Chromosome Segregation Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Yan Hao
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Ying Zhang
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Zhihui Wen
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Laurence Florens
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Frank Uhlmann
- Chromosome Segregation Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Jennifer L Gerton
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
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10
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Linglart L, Bonnet D. Epigenetics and Congenital Heart Diseases. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2022; 9:jcdd9060185. [PMID: 35735814 PMCID: PMC9225036 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd9060185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital heart disease (CHD) is a frequent occurrence, with a prevalence rate of almost 1% in the general population. However, the pathophysiology of the anomalous heart development is still unclear in most patients screened. A definitive genetic origin, be it single-point mutation or larger chromosomal disruptions, only explains about 35% of identified cases. The precisely choreographed embryology of the heart relies on timed activation of developmental molecular cascades, spatially and temporally regulated through epigenetic regulation: chromatin conformation, DNA priming through methylation patterns, and spatial accessibility to transcription factors. This multi-level regulatory network is eminently susceptible to outside disruption, resulting in faulty cardiac development. Similarly, the heart is unique in its dynamic development: growth is intrinsically related to mechanical stimulation, and disruption of the intrauterine environment will have a direct impact on fetal embryology. These two converging axes offer new areas of research to characterize the cardiac epigenetic regulation and identify points of fragility in order to counteract its teratogenic consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léa Linglart
- M3C-Necker, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), 75015 Paris, France;
| | - Damien Bonnet
- M3C-Necker, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), 75015 Paris, France;
- School of Medicine, Université de Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
- Correspondence:
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11
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Eigenhuis KN, Somsen HB, van den Berg DLC. Transcription Pause and Escape in Neurodevelopmental Disorders. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:846272. [PMID: 35615272 PMCID: PMC9125161 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.846272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription pause-release is an important, highly regulated step in the control of gene expression. Modulated by various factors, it enables signal integration and fine-tuning of transcriptional responses. Mutations in regulators of pause-release have been identified in a range of neurodevelopmental disorders that have several common features affecting multiple organ systems. This review summarizes current knowledge on this novel subclass of disorders, including an overview of clinical features, mechanistic details, and insight into the relevant neurodevelopmental processes.
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12
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Zhou Y, Zha L, Wu J, Wang M, Zhou M, Wu G, Cheng X, Huang Z, Xie Q, Tu X. MED12 Regulates Smooth Muscle Cell Functions and Participates in the Development of Aortic Dissection. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13040692. [PMID: 35456498 PMCID: PMC9027749 DOI: 10.3390/genes13040692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Aortic dissection (AD) is a life-threatening disease with high morbidity and mortality, and effective pharmacotherapeutic remedies for it are lacking. Therefore, AD’s molecular pathogenesis and etiology must be elucidated. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible mechanism of mediator complex subunit 12 (human: MED12, mouse: Med12)involvement in AD. Firstly, we examined the expression of MED12 protein (human: MED12, mouse: Med12) in the aortic tissues of AD patients and AD mice. Subsequently, Med12 gene silencing was accomplished with RNA interference (siRNA). The effects of Med12 on AD and the possible biological mechanisms were investigated based on the proliferation, senescence, phenotypic transformation, and its involved signal pathway of mouse aortic smooth muscle cells (MOVAS), s. The results show that the expression of MED12 in the aortae of AD patients and AD mice was decreased. Moreover, the downregulation of Med12 inhibited the proliferation of MOVAS and promoted senescence. Further research found that Med12, as an inhibitor of the TGFβ1 signaling pathway, reduced the expression of Med12 and enhanced the activity of the TGFβ1 nonclassical signaling pathway, while TGFβ1 inhibited the phenotype transformation and proliferation of MOVAS by inhibiting Med12 synthesis. In conclusion, Med12 affected the phenotype, proliferation, and senescence of MOVAS through the TGFβ signaling pathway. This study provides a potential new target for the prevention and treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingchao Zhou
- Heart Center, Qingdao Women and Children’s Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266034, China;
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Center for Human Genome Research, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; (J.W.); (M.W.)
| | - Lingfeng Zha
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; (L.Z.); (M.Z.); (X.C.)
| | - Jianfei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Center for Human Genome Research, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; (J.W.); (M.W.)
| | - Mengru Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Center for Human Genome Research, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; (J.W.); (M.W.)
| | - Mengchen Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; (L.Z.); (M.Z.); (X.C.)
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China;
| | - Xiang Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; (L.Z.); (M.Z.); (X.C.)
| | - Zhengrong Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, China;
| | - Qiang Xie
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, China;
- Correspondence: (Q.X.); (X.T.)
| | - Xin Tu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Center for Human Genome Research, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; (J.W.); (M.W.)
- Correspondence: (Q.X.); (X.T.)
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13
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Gonzalez C, Akula S, Burleson M. The role of mediator subunit 12 in tumorigenesis and cancer therapeutics (Review). Oncol Lett 2022; 23:74. [PMID: 35111243 PMCID: PMC8771631 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2022.13194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mediator complex subunit 12 (MED12) is a subunit of Mediator, a large multi-subunit protein complex that acts an important regulator of transcription. Specifically, MED12 is an integral part of the kinase module of Mediator along with MED13, CyclinC (CycC) and CDK8. Structural studies have indicated that MED12 makes a direct connection to CycC through a specific interface and thereby functions to create a link between MED13 and CycC-CDK8. Disruption of the MED12-CycC interface often leads to dysregulated CDK8 kinase activity, which has important physiological implications. For example, a number of studies have indicated that mutations within MED12 can lead to the formation of benign or malignant tumors, either as a result of MED12-CycC disruption or through distinct independent mechanisms. Furthermore, recent studies have indicated that the N-terminal portion of MED12 forms a direct connection to CDK8. Mutations within MED12 do not appear to disrupt the physical connection to CDK8, but rather abrogate CDK8 kinase activity. Thus, mutations in MED12 can cause disruption of CDK8 kinase activity through two separate mechanisms. The aim of the present review article was to discuss the MED12 mutational landscape in a variety of benign and malignant tumors, as well as the mechanistic basis behind tumorigenesis. Furthermore, the link between MED12 and drug resistance has also been discussed, as well as potential cancer therapeutics related to MED12-altered tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Gonzalez
- Department of Biology, University of The Incarnate Word, San Antonio, TX 78209, USA
| | - Shivani Akula
- Department of Chemistry, University of The Incarnate Word, San Antonio, TX 78209, USA
| | - Marieke Burleson
- Department of Biology, University of The Incarnate Word, San Antonio, TX 78209, USA
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14
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Carvalho LML, da Costa SS, Campagnari F, Kaufman A, Bertola DR, da Silva IT, Krepischi ACV, Koiffmann CP, Rosenberg C. Two novel pathogenic variants in MED13L: one familial and one isolated case. JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH : JIDR 2021; 65:1049-1057. [PMID: 34713510 DOI: 10.1111/jir.12891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic variants involving the MED13L gene can lead to an autosomal dominant syndrome characterised by intellectual disability/developmental delay and facial dysmorphism. METHODS We investigated two cases (one familial and one isolated) of intellectual disability with speech delay and dysmorphic facial features by whole-exome sequencing analyses. Further, we performed a literature review about clinical and molecular aspects of MED13L gene and syndrome. RESULTS Two MED13L variants have been identified [MED13L(NM_015335.5):c.4417C>T and MED13L(NM_015335.5):c.2318delC] and were classified as pathogenic according to the ACMG (American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics) guidelines. One of the variants was present in sibs. CONCLUSIONS The two pathogenic variants identified have not been previously reported. Importantly, this is the first report of a familial case of MED13L nonsense mutation. Although the parents of the affected children were no longer available for analysis, their apparently normal phenotypes were surmised from familial verbal descriptions corresponding to normal mental behaviour and phenotype. In this situation, the familial component of mutation transmission might be caused by gonadal mosaicism of a MED13L mutation in a gonad from either the father or the mother. The case reports and the literature review presented in this manuscript can be useful for genetic counselling.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M L Carvalho
- Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Centre, Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - S S da Costa
- Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Centre, Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - A Kaufman
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - D R Bertola
- Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Centre, Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - I T da Silva
- International Centre for Research, A. C. Camargo Cancer Centre, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - A C V Krepischi
- Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Centre, Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - C P Koiffmann
- Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Centre, Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - C Rosenberg
- Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Centre, Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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15
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Shah A, Bapna M, Al-Saif H, Li R, Couser NL. Eye and ocular adnexa manifestations of MED12-related disorders. Ophthalmic Genet 2021; 43:126-129. [PMID: 34670449 DOI: 10.1080/13816810.2021.1989601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND MED12-related disorders are a rare group of intellectual disability syndromes with a broad range of phenotypic characteristics. The phenotypic spectrum of MED12-related disorders currently includes X-Linked Ohdo Syndrome, Lujan-Fryns Syndrome (LS), and FG syndrome type 1 (FG), also known as Opitz-Kaveggia Syndrome. The MED12 gene encodes the largest component of the mediator complex of RNA polymerase II, which is critical for recruiting activators and repressors to regulate the transcription of genes critical to growth, development, and differentiation. METHODS We performed a systematic literature review of previously published cases to highlight the key ocular features in individuals with MED12-related disorders. In addition, we present a new case of a female patient with a de novo pathogenic c. 3866A>G, p.Q1289R variant. Ocular manifestations are not uncommon in MED12-related disorders, but have not been characterized in literature reports. Commonly reoccurring reported eye and ocular adnexa features within the spectrum include ptosis, downslanting palpebral fissures, and hypertelorism. Other less common findings include strabismus, astigmatism, and optic nerve hypoplasia. RESULTS Our patient presented with developmental delay, mild hypotonia and dysmorphic features including frontal bossing, high arched palate, and syndactyly of the 2nd and 3rd toes bilaterally. DISCUSSION Ocular manifestations identified in this patient included intermittent esotropia, hyperopic astigmatism, epicanthal folds and ptosis bilaterally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arth Shah
- Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Monika Bapna
- Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Hind Al-Saif
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Rachel Li
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Natario L Couser
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Richmond at VCU, Richmond, Virginia, USA
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16
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Huang TW, Iyer AA, Manalo JM, Woo J, Bosquez Huerta NA, McGovern MM, Schrewe H, Pereira FA, Groves AK, Ohlemiller KK, Deneen B. Glial-Specific Deletion of Med12 Results in Rapid Hearing Loss via Degradation of the Stria Vascularis. J Neurosci 2021; 41:7171-7181. [PMID: 34253626 PMCID: PMC8387121 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0070-21.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mediator protein complex subunit 12 (Med12) is a core component of the basal transcriptional apparatus and plays a critical role in the development of many tissues. Mutations in Med12 are associated with X-linked intellectual disability syndromes and hearing loss; however, its role in nervous system function remains undefined. Here, we show that temporal conditional deletion of Med12 in astrocytes in the adult CNS results in region-specific alterations in astrocyte morphology. Surprisingly, behavioral studies revealed rapid hearing loss after adult deletion of Med12 that was confirmed by a complete abrogation of auditory brainstem responses. Cellular analysis of the cochlea revealed degeneration of the stria vascularis, in conjunction with disorganization of basal cells adjacent to the spiral ligament and downregulation of key cell adhesion proteins. Physiologic analysis revealed early changes in endocochlear potential, consistent with strial-specific defects. Together, our studies reveal that Med12 regulates auditory function in the adult by preserving the structural integrity of the stria vascularis.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Mutations in Mediator protein complex subunit 12 (Med12) are associated with X-linked intellectual disability syndromes and hearing loss. Using temporal-conditional genetic approaches in CNS glia, we found that loss of Med12 results in severe hearing loss in adult animals through rapid degeneration of the stria vascularis. Our study describes the first animal model that recapitulates hearing loss identified in Med12-related disorders and provides a new system in which to examine the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms of Med12 function in the adult nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng-Wei Huang
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Amrita A Iyer
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
- Program in Genetics & Genomics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Jeanne M Manalo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Junsung Woo
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Navish A Bosquez Huerta
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
- Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Melissa M McGovern
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Heinrich Schrewe
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Fredrick A Pereira
- Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
- Department of Otolaryngology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Andrew K Groves
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
- Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
- Program in Genetics & Genomics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Kevin K Ohlemiller
- Department of Otolaryngolgy, Central Institute for the Deaf, Fay and Carl Simons Center for Biology of Hearing and Deafness, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Benjamin Deneen
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
- Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
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17
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Sun D, Weng J, Dong Y, Jiang Y. Three-dimensional genome organization in the central nervous system, implications for neuropsychological disorders. J Genet Genomics 2021; 48:1045-1056. [PMID: 34426099 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2021.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Chromosomes in eukaryotic cell nuclei are highly compacted and finely organized into hierarchical three-dimensional (3D) configuration. In recent years, scientists have gained deeper understandings of 3D genome structures and revealed novel evidence linking 3D genome organization to various important cell events on the molecular level. Most importantly, alteration of 3D genome architecture has emerged as an intriguing higher order mechanism that connects disease-related genetic variants in multiple heterogenous and polygenic neuropsychological disorders, delivering novel insights into the etiology. In this review, we provide a brief overview of the hierarchical structures of 3D genome and two proposed regulatory models, loop extrusion and phase separation. We then focus on recent Hi-C data in the central nervous system and discuss 3D genome alterations during normal brain development and in mature neurons. Most importantly, we make a comprehensive review on current knowledge and discuss the role of 3D genome in multiple neuropsychological disorders, including schizophrenia, repeat expansion disorders, 22q11 deletion syndrome, and others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daijing Sun
- Institutes of Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jie Weng
- Institutes of Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yuhao Dong
- Institutes of Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Institutes of Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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18
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Rogers AP, Friend K, Rawlings L, Barnett CP. A de novo missense variant in MED13 in a patient with global developmental delay, marked facial dysmorphism, macroglossia, short stature, and macrocephaly. Am J Med Genet A 2021; 185:2586-2592. [PMID: 33931951 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alice P Rogers
- Women's and Children's Hospital, Paediatric and Reproductive Genetics Unit, North Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Kathryn Friend
- Genetics and Molecular Pathology, Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Lesley Rawlings
- Genetics and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Christopher P Barnett
- Women's and Children's Hospital, Paediatric and Reproductive Genetics Unit, North Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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19
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Meng L, Isohanni P, Shao Y, Graham BH, Hickey SE, Brooks S, Suomalainen A, Joset P, Steindl K, Rauch A, Hackenberg A, High FA, Armstrong-Javors A, Mencacci NE, Gonzàlez-Latapi P, Kamel WA, Al-Hashel JY, Bustos BI, Hernandez AV, Krainc D, Lubbe SJ, Van Esch H, De Luca C, Ballon K, Ravelli C, Burglen L, Qebibo L, Calame DG, Mitani T, Marafi D, Pehlivan D, Saadi NW, Sahin Y, Maroofian R, Efthymiou S, Houlden H, Maqbool S, Rahman F, Gu S, Posey JE, Lupski JR, Hunter JV, Wangler MF, Carroll CJ, Yang Y. MED27 Variants Cause Developmental Delay, Dystonia, and Cerebellar Hypoplasia. Ann Neurol 2021; 89:828-833. [PMID: 33443317 DOI: 10.1002/ana.26019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The Mediator multiprotein complex functions as a regulator of RNA polymerase II-catalyzed gene transcription. In this study, exome sequencing detected biallelic putative disease-causing variants in MED27, encoding Mediator complex subunit 27, in 16 patients from 11 families with a novel neurodevelopmental syndrome. Patient phenotypes are highly homogeneous, including global developmental delay, intellectual disability, axial hypotonia with distal spasticity, dystonic movements, and cerebellar hypoplasia. Seizures and cataracts were noted in severely affected individuals. Identification of multiple patients with biallelic MED27 variants supports the critical role of MED27 in normal human neural development, particularly for the cerebellum. ANN NEUROL 2021;89:828-833.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linyan Meng
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Baylor Genetics, Houston, TX
| | - Pirjo Isohanni
- Research Programs Unit, Stem Cells and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Child Neurology, Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Yunru Shao
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX
| | - Brett H Graham
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Scott E Hickey
- Department of Pediatrics, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Division of Genetic and Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH
| | - Stephanie Brooks
- Department of Pediatrics, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Division of Genetic and Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH
| | - Anu Suomalainen
- Research Programs Unit, Stem Cells and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pascal Joset
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zürich, Schlieren-Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Katharina Steindl
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zürich, Schlieren-Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Anita Rauch
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zürich, Schlieren-Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Annette Hackenberg
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Children's Hospital Zürich, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Frances A High
- Division of Medical Genetics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Amy Armstrong-Javors
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Niccolò E Mencacci
- Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
- Simpson Querrey Center for Neurogenetics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Paulina Gonzàlez-Latapi
- Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Walaa A Kamel
- Department of Neurology, Ibn Sina Hospital, Kuwait City, Kuwait
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Jasem Y Al-Hashel
- Department of Neurology, Ibn Sina Hospital, Kuwait City, Kuwait
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Bernabé I Bustos
- Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
- Simpson Querrey Center for Neurogenetics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Alejandro V Hernandez
- Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Dimitri Krainc
- Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
- Simpson Querrey Center for Neurogenetics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Steven J Lubbe
- Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
- Simpson Querrey Center for Neurogenetics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Hilde Van Esch
- Center for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Chiara De Luca
- Center for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Katleen Ballon
- Centre for Developmental Disabilities, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Claudia Ravelli
- Pediatric Neurology Department, Neurogenetics Reference Center, I-motion Institute, Public Hospital Network of Paris, Sorbonne University, Armand Trousseau Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Lydie Burglen
- Cerebellar Malformations and Congenital Diseases Reference Center and Neurogenetics Lab, Department of Genetics, Public Hospital Network of Paris, Sorbonne University, Armand Trousseau Hospital, Paris, France
- Developmental Brain Disorders Laboratory, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Leila Qebibo
- Cerebellar Malformations and Congenital Diseases Reference Center and Neurogenetics Lab, Department of Genetics, Public Hospital Network of Paris, Sorbonne University, Armand Trousseau Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Daniel G Calame
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX
- Division of Neurology and Developmental Neuroscience, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Tadahiro Mitani
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Dana Marafi
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait
| | - Davut Pehlivan
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX
- Division of Neurology and Developmental Neuroscience, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Nebal W Saadi
- College of Medicine, Baghdad University, Baghdad, Iraq
- Children Welfare Teaching Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Yavuz Sahin
- Department of Medical Genetics, Genoks Genetic Center, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Reza Maroofian
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, University College London Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Stephanie Efthymiou
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, University College London Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Henry Houlden
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, University College London Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Shazia Maqbool
- Development and Behavioral Pediatrics Department, Institute of Child Health and Children Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Fatima Rahman
- Development and Behavioral Pediatrics Department, Institute of Child Health and Children Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Shen Gu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Jennifer E Posey
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - James R Lupski
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Jill V Hunter
- Edward B. Singleton Department of Pediatric Radiology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX
- Department of Radiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Michael F Wangler
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Department of Child Neurology, Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Jan and Dan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX
| | - Christopher J Carroll
- Research Programs Unit, Stem Cells and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yaping Yang
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Baylor Genetics, Houston, TX
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20
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Martin HC, Gardner EJ, Samocha KE, Kaplanis J, Akawi N, Sifrim A, Eberhardt RY, Tavares ALT, Neville MDC, Niemi MEK, Gallone G, McRae J, Wright CF, FitzPatrick DR, Firth HV, Hurles ME. The contribution of X-linked coding variation to severe developmental disorders. Nat Commun 2021; 12:627. [PMID: 33504798 PMCID: PMC7840967 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20852-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Over 130 X-linked genes have been robustly associated with developmental disorders, and X-linked causes have been hypothesised to underlie the higher developmental disorder rates in males. Here, we evaluate the burden of X-linked coding variation in 11,044 developmental disorder patients, and find a similar rate of X-linked causes in males and females (6.0% and 6.9%, respectively), indicating that such variants do not account for the 1.4-fold male bias. We develop an improved strategy to detect X-linked developmental disorders and identify 23 significant genes, all of which were previously known, consistent with our inference that the vast majority of the X-linked burden is in known developmental disorder-associated genes. Importantly, we estimate that, in male probands, only 13% of inherited rare missense variants in known developmental disorder-associated genes are likely to be pathogenic. Our results demonstrate that statistical analysis of large datasets can refine our understanding of modes of inheritance for individual X-linked disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilary C Martin
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK.
| | | | | | - Joanna Kaplanis
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Nadia Akawi
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Alejandro Sifrim
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Ana Lisa Taylor Tavares
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
- Genomics England, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | | | - Mari E K Niemi
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Tukholmankatu 8, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland
| | - Giuseppe Gallone
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Ihnestraße 63, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jeremy McRae
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
- Illumina Inc., 5200 Illumina Way, San Diego, CA, 92122, USA
| | - Caroline F Wright
- Institute of Biomedical & Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - David R FitzPatrick
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Helen V Firth
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
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21
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Ke C, Shi X, Chen AM, Li C, Jiang B, Huang K, Zheng Z, Liu Y, Chen Z, Luo Y, Lin H, Zhang J. Novel PHOX2B germline mutation in childhood medulloblastoma: a case report. Hered Cancer Clin Pract 2021; 19:12. [PMID: 33468206 PMCID: PMC7816394 DOI: 10.1186/s13053-021-00170-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medulloblastoma is an aggressive brain tumor mostly found in children, few studies on pathogenic germline mutations predisposing this disease was reported. CASE PRESENTATION We present an 11-year-old male with medulloblastoma, who harbors a de novo PHOX2B germline mutation as detected by whole exome sequencing (WES). Family history was negative. Sanger sequencing confirmed this mutation in peripheral blood, hair bulbs, urine and saliva. Identification of novel germline mutations is beneficial for childhood cancer screening. CONCLUSIONS This case revealed a de novo PHOX2B germline mutation as a potential cause of medulloblastoma in a child and suggests familial germline variant screening is useful when an affected family is considering having a second child.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiping Ke
- First Tumor Department, Maoming People's Hospital, Maoming, 525000, China
| | - Xiaoshun Shi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Allen Menglin Chen
- Guangzhou Mendel Genomics and Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, 510535, China.,Mendel Genes Inc, Manhattan Beach, CA, USA
| | - Chaoming Li
- First Tumor Department, Maoming People's Hospital, Maoming, 525000, China
| | - Bifeng Jiang
- First Tumor Department, Maoming People's Hospital, Maoming, 525000, China
| | - Kailing Huang
- Guangzhou Mendel Genomics and Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, 510535, China.,Mendel Genes Inc, Manhattan Beach, CA, USA
| | - Zhouxia Zheng
- Guangzhou Mendel Genomics and Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, 510535, China.,Mendel Genes Inc, Manhattan Beach, CA, USA
| | - Yanhui Liu
- Guangzhou Mendel Genomics and Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, 510535, China.,Mendel Genes Inc, Manhattan Beach, CA, USA
| | - Zhuona Chen
- Guangzhou Mendel Genomics and Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, 510535, China.,Mendel Genes Inc, Manhattan Beach, CA, USA
| | - Yingjun Luo
- Guangzhou Mendel Genomics and Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, 510535, China.,Mendel Genes Inc, Manhattan Beach, CA, USA
| | - Huaming Lin
- First Tumor Department, Maoming People's Hospital, Maoming, 525000, China.
| | - Jiexia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
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22
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Li YC, Chao TC, Kim HJ, Cholko T, Chen SF, Li G, Snyder L, Nakanishi K, Chang CE, Murakami K, Garcia BA, Boyer TG, Tsai KL. Structure and noncanonical Cdk8 activation mechanism within an Argonaute-containing Mediator kinase module. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/3/eabd4484. [PMID: 33523904 PMCID: PMC7810384 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abd4484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The Cdk8 kinase module (CKM) in Mediator, comprising Med13, Med12, CycC, and Cdk8, regulates RNA polymerase II transcription through kinase-dependent and -independent functions. Numerous pathogenic mutations causative for neurodevelopmental disorders and cancer congregate in CKM subunits. However, the structure of the intact CKM and the mechanism by which Cdk8 is non-canonically activated and functionally affected by oncogenic CKM alterations are poorly understood. Here, we report a cryo-electron microscopy structure of Saccharomyces cerevisiae CKM that redefines prior CKM structural models and explains the mechanism of Med12-dependent Cdk8 activation. Med12 interacts extensively with CycC and activates Cdk8 by stabilizing its activation (T-)loop through conserved Med12 residues recurrently mutated in human tumors. Unexpectedly, Med13 has a characteristic Argonaute-like bi-lobal architecture. These findings not only provide a structural basis for understanding CKM function and pathological dysfunction, but also further impute a previously unknown regulatory mechanism of Mediator in transcriptional modulation through its Med13 Argonaute-like features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chuan Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ti-Chun Chao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hee Jong Kim
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Timothy Cholko
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Shin-Fu Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Guojie Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Laura Snyder
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kotaro Nakanishi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Chia-En Chang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Kenji Murakami
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Benjamin A Garcia
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Thomas G Boyer
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
| | - Kuang-Lei Tsai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
- MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
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23
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Straub J, Venigalla S, Newman JJ. Mediator's Kinase Module: A Modular Regulator of Cell Fate. Stem Cells Dev 2020; 29:1535-1551. [PMID: 33161841 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2020.0164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Selective gene expression is crucial in maintaining the self-renewing and multipotent properties of stem cells. Mediator is a large, evolutionarily conserved, multi-subunit protein complex that modulates gene expression by relaying signals from cell type-specific transcription factors to RNA polymerase II. In humans, this complex consists of 30 subunits arranged in four modules. One critical module of the Mediator complex is the kinase module consisting of four subunits: MED12, MED13, CDK8, and CCNC. The kinase module exists in variable association with the 26-subunit Mediator core and affects transcription through phosphorylation of transcription factors and by controlling Mediator structure and function. Many studies have shown the kinase module to be a key player in the maintenance of stem cells that is distinct from a general role in transcription. Genetic studies have revealed that dysregulation of this kinase subunit contributes to the development of many human diseases. In this review, we discuss the importance of the Mediator kinase module by examining how this module functions with the more recently identified transcriptional super-enhancers, how changes in the kinase module and its activity can lead to the development of human disease, and the role of this unique module in directing and maintaining cell state. As we look to use stem cells to understand human development and treat human disease through both cell-based therapies and tissue engineering, we need to remain aware of the on-going research and address critical gaps in knowledge related to the molecular mechanisms that control cell fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Straub
- School of Biological Sciences, Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, Louisiana, USA
| | - Sree Venigalla
- School of Biological Sciences, Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, Louisiana, USA
| | - Jamie J Newman
- School of Biological Sciences, Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, Louisiana, USA
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24
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De Nardi L, Faletra F, D'Adamo AP, Bianco AMR, Athanasakis E, Bruno I, Barbi E. Could the MED13 mutations manifest as a Kabuki-like syndrome? Am J Med Genet A 2020; 185:584-590. [PMID: 33258286 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
MED13-related disorder is a new neurodevelopmental disorder recently described in literature, which belongs to the group of CDK8-kinase module genes-associated conditions. It is characterized by variable intellectual disability and/or developmental delays, especially in language. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), eye or vision problems, hypotonia, mild congenital hearth abnormalities and dysmorphisms have been described among individuals with MED13 mutations. We report the case of a 13-year-old girl who received a previous clinical diagnosis of Kabuki syndrome (KS) without mutations in classic KS genes. After a whole exome sequencing (WES) analysis a de novo missense mutation in MED13 (c.C979T; p.Pro327Ser) was found. This variant has been once described in literature as accountable for a novel neurodevelopmental disorder. The aim of this report is to improve clinical delineation of MED13-related condition and to explore differences and similarities between KS spectrum and MED13-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Flavio Faletra
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy
| | - Adamo Pio D'Adamo
- University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.,Institute for Maternal and Child Health IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy
| | | | | | - Irene Bruno
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy
| | - Egidio Barbi
- University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.,Institute for Maternal and Child Health IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy
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25
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De novo variants in MED12 cause X-linked syndromic neurodevelopmental disorders in 18 females. Genet Med 2020; 23:645-652. [DOI: 10.1038/s41436-020-01040-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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26
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De novo loss-of-function variants in X-linked MED12 are associated with Hardikar syndrome in females. Genet Med 2020; 23:637-644. [PMID: 33244166 DOI: 10.1038/s41436-020-01031-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Hardikar syndrome (MIM 612726) is a rare multiple congenital anomaly syndrome characterized by facial clefting, pigmentary retinopathy, biliary anomalies, and intestinal malrotation, but with preserved cognition. Only four patients have been reported previously, and none had a molecular diagnosis. Our objective was to identify the genetic basis of Hardikar syndrome (HS) and expand the phenotypic spectrum of this disorder. METHODS We performed exome sequencing on two previously reported and five unpublished female patients with a clinical diagnosis of HS. X-chromosome inactivation (XCI) studies were also performed. RESULTS We report clinical features of HS with previously undescribed phenotypes, including a fatal unprovoked intracranial hemorrhage at age 21. We additionally report the discovery of de novo pathogenic nonsense and frameshift variants in MED12 in these seven individuals and evidence of extremely skewed XCI in all patients with informative testing. CONCLUSION Pathogenic missense variants in the X-chromosome gene MED12 have previously been associated with Opitz-Kaveggia syndrome, Lujan syndrome, Ohdo syndrome, and nonsyndromic intellectual disability, primarily in males. We propose a fifth, female-specific phenotype for MED12, and suggest that nonsense and frameshift loss-of-function MED12 variants in females cause HS. This expands the MED12-associated phenotype in females beyond intellectual disability.
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27
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Srivastava S, Kulshreshtha R. Insights into the regulatory role and clinical relevance of mediator subunit, MED12, in human diseases. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:3163-3177. [PMID: 33174211 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Transcriptional dysregulation is central to many diseases including cancer. Mutation or deregulated expression of proteins involved in transcriptional machinery leads to aberrant gene expression that disturbs intricate cellular processes of division and differentiation. The subunits of the mediator complex are master regulators of stimuli-derived transcription and are essential for transcription by RNA polymerase II. MED12 is a part of the CDK8 kinase module of the mediator complex and is essential for kinase assembly and function. Other than its function in activation of the kinase activity of CDK8 mediator, it also brings about transcription repression or activation, in response to several signalling pathways, a function that is independent of its role as a part of kinase assembly. Accumulating evidence suggests that MED12 controls complex transcription programs that are defining in cell fate determination, differentiation, and carcinogenesis. Mutations or differential expression of MED12 manifest in several human disorders and diseases. For instance, MED12 mutations are the gold standard for the diagnosis of several X-linked intellectual disability syndromes. Further, certain MED12 mutations are categorised as driver mutations in carcinogenesis as well. This is a timely review that provides for the first time a wholesome view on the critical roles and pathways regulated by MED12, its interactions along with the implications of MED12 alterations/mutations in various cancers and nonneoplastic disorders. Based on the preclinical studies, MED12 indeed emerges as an attractive novel therapeutic target for various diseases and intellectual disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srishti Srivastava
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Ritu Kulshreshtha
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
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28
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André KM, Sipos EH, Soutourina J. Mediator Roles Going Beyond Transcription. Trends Genet 2020; 37:224-234. [PMID: 32921511 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2020.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Dysfunctions of nuclear processes including transcription and DNA repair lead to severe human diseases. Gaining an understanding of how these processes operate in the crowded context of chromatin can be particularly challenging. Mediator is a large multiprotein complex conserved in eukaryotes with a key coactivator role in the regulation of RNA polymerase (Pol) II transcription. Despite intensive studies, the molecular mechanisms underlying Mediator function remain to be fully understood. Novel findings have provided insights into the relationship between Mediator and chromatin architecture, revealed its role in connecting transcription with DNA repair and proposed an emerging mechanism of phase separation involving Mediator condensates. Recent developments in the field suggest multiple functions of Mediator going beyond transcriptional processes per se that would explain its involvement in various human pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kévin M André
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Eliet H Sipos
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Julie Soutourina
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
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29
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Chevarin M, Duffourd Y, A Barnard R, Moutton S, Lecoquierre F, Daoud F, Kuentz P, Cabret C, Thevenon J, Gautier E, Callier P, St-Onge J, Jouan T, Lacombe D, Delrue MA, Goizet C, Morice-Picard F, Van-Gils J, Munnich A, Lyonnet S, Cormier-Daire V, Baujat G, Holder M, Petit F, Leheup B, Odent S, Jouk PS, Lopez G, Geneviève D, Collignon P, Martin-Coignard D, Jacquette A, Perrin L, Putoux A, Sarrazin E, Amarof K, Missotte I, Coubes C, Jagadeesh S, Lapi E, Demurger F, Goldenberg A, Doco-Fenzy M, Mignot C, Héron D, Jean-Marçais N, Masurel A, El Chehadeh S, Marle N, Huet F, Binquet C, Collod-Beroud G, Arnaud P, Hanna N, Boileau C, Jondeau G, Olaso R, Lechner D, Poe C, Assoum M, Carmignac V, Duplomb L, Tran Mau-Them F, Philippe C, Vitobello A, Bruel AL, Boland A, Deleuze JF, Thauvin-Robinet C, Rivière JB, O'Roak BJ, Faivre L. Excess of de novo variants in genes involved in chromatin remodelling in patients with marfanoid habitus and intellectual disability. J Med Genet 2020; 57:466-474. [PMID: 32277047 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2019-106425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Marfanoid habitus (MH) combined with intellectual disability (ID) (MHID) is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous presentation. The combination of array CGH and targeted sequencing of genes responsible for Marfan or Lujan-Fryns syndrome explain no more than 20% of subjects. METHODS To further decipher the genetic basis of MHID, we performed exome sequencing on a combination of trio-based (33 subjects) or single probands (31 subjects), of which 61 were sporadic. RESULTS We identified eight genes with de novo variants (DNVs) in at least two unrelated individuals (ARID1B, ATP1A1, DLG4, EHMT1, NFIX, NSD1, NUP205 and ZEB2). Using simulation models, we showed that five genes (DLG4, NFIX, EHMT1, ZEB2 and ATP1A1) met conservative Bonferroni genomewide significance for an excess of the observed de novo point variants. Overall, at least one pathogenic or likely pathogenic variant was identified in 54.7% of subjects (35/64). These variants fell within 27 genes previously associated with Mendelian disorders, including NSD1 and NFIX, which are known to be mutated in overgrowth syndromes. CONCLUSION We demonstrated that DNVs were enriched in chromatin remodelling (p=2×10-4) and genes regulated by the fragile X mental retardation protein (p=3×10-8), highlighting overlapping genetic mechanisms between MHID and related neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Chevarin
- INSERM, U1231, Génétique des Anomalies du Développement, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR Lipides, Nutrition, Dijon, France
| | - Yannis Duffourd
- INSERM, U1231, Génétique des Anomalies du Développement, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR Lipides, Nutrition, Dijon, France.,FHU TRANSLAD, CHU Dijon, Dijon, France
| | - Rebecca A Barnard
- Department of Molecular & Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Sébastien Moutton
- INSERM, U1231, Génétique des Anomalies du Développement, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR Lipides, Nutrition, Dijon, France.,Centre de Génétique et Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs de l'interrégion Est, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Dijon, Dijon, France.,Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs Sud-Ouest, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - François Lecoquierre
- INSERM, U1231, Génétique des Anomalies du Développement, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR Lipides, Nutrition, Dijon, France
| | - Fatma Daoud
- INSERM, U1231, Génétique des Anomalies du Développement, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR Lipides, Nutrition, Dijon, France
| | - Paul Kuentz
- INSERM, U1231, Génétique des Anomalies du Développement, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR Lipides, Nutrition, Dijon, France.,FHU TRANSLAD, CHU Dijon, Dijon, France
| | - Caroline Cabret
- INSERM, U1231, Génétique des Anomalies du Développement, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR Lipides, Nutrition, Dijon, France
| | - Julien Thevenon
- INSERM, U1231, Génétique des Anomalies du Développement, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR Lipides, Nutrition, Dijon, France.,Centre de Génétique et Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs de l'interrégion Est, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Dijon, Dijon, France
| | | | - Patrick Callier
- INSERM, U1231, Génétique des Anomalies du Développement, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR Lipides, Nutrition, Dijon, France.,FHU TRANSLAD, CHU Dijon, Dijon, France
| | - Judith St-Onge
- INSERM, U1231, Génétique des Anomalies du Développement, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR Lipides, Nutrition, Dijon, France
| | - Thibaud Jouan
- INSERM, U1231, Génétique des Anomalies du Développement, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR Lipides, Nutrition, Dijon, France
| | - Didier Lacombe
- Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs Sud-Ouest, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Marie Ange Delrue
- Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs Sud-Ouest, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Cyril Goizet
- Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs Sud-Ouest, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Fanny Morice-Picard
- Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs Sud-Ouest, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Julien Van-Gils
- Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs Sud-Ouest, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Arnold Munnich
- IHU Imagine, Département de Génétique, APHP, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Stanislas Lyonnet
- IHU Imagine, Département de Génétique, APHP, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Valérie Cormier-Daire
- IHU Imagine, Département de Génétique, APHP, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Geneviève Baujat
- IHU Imagine, Département de Génétique, APHP, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Muriel Holder
- Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs Nord, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lille, Lille, France
| | - Florence Petit
- Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs Nord, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lille, Lille, France
| | - Bruno Leheup
- Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs de l'interrégion Ouest, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nancy, Nancy, France
| | - Sylvie Odent
- Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs de l'interrégion Est, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Pierre-Simon Jouk
- Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs Centre Est, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | - Gipsy Lopez
- Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs Centre Est, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | - David Geneviève
- Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs Sud-Languedoc Roussillon, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Patrick Collignon
- Centre de Compétence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs Sud-Est, CHI de Toulon - La Seyne-sur-Mer, France
| | - Dominique Martin-Coignard
- Centre de compétence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs, CH Le Mans, Le Mans, France
| | - Aurélia Jacquette
- Département de Génétique et Centre de Référence Déficiences intellectuelles de causes rares, APHP, La Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Laurence Perrin
- Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs Ile de France, APHP, Hôpital Robert Debré, Paris, France
| | - Audrey Putoux
- Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs Centre Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Elisabeth Sarrazin
- Centre de Référence Caribéen des Maladies Rares Neurologiques et Neuromusculaires, CHU de Fort de France, Hôpital Pierre Zobda-Quitman, La Martinique, France
| | - Khadija Amarof
- Centre de Référence Caribéen des Maladies Rares Neurologiques et Neuromusculaires, CHU de Fort de France, Hôpital Pierre Zobda-Quitman, La Martinique, France
| | - Isabelle Missotte
- Service de Pédiatrie, Centre Hospitalier Territorial, Nouvelle Calédonie, France
| | - Christine Coubes
- Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs Sud-Languedoc Roussillon, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Elisabetta Lapi
- Genetica Medica, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Anna Meyer, Firenze, Italia
| | | | - Alice Goldenberg
- Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs, CHU Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - Martine Doco-Fenzy
- EA3801, Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs et service de génétique, CHU Reims et UFR de médecine de Reims, Reims, France
| | - Cyril Mignot
- Département de Génétique et Centre de Référence Déficiences intellectuelles de causes rares, APHP, La Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Delphine Héron
- Département de Génétique et Centre de Référence Déficiences intellectuelles de causes rares, APHP, La Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | | | - Alice Masurel
- Centre de Génétique et Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs de l'interrégion Est, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Dijon, Dijon, France
| | - Salima El Chehadeh
- Centre de Génétique et Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs de l'interrégion Est, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Dijon, Dijon, France
| | - Nathalie Marle
- INSERM, U1231, Génétique des Anomalies du Développement, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR Lipides, Nutrition, Dijon, France.,FHU TRANSLAD, CHU Dijon, Dijon, France
| | - Frédéric Huet
- FHU TRANSLAD, CHU Dijon, Dijon, France.,Service de Pédiatrie 1, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Dijon, Dijon, France
| | - Christine Binquet
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique - Epidémiologie Clinique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Dijon, Dijon, France
| | | | - Pauline Arnaud
- Centre de référence syndromes de Marfan et syndromes apparentés, APHP, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France
| | - Nadine Hanna
- Centre de référence syndromes de Marfan et syndromes apparentés, APHP, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Boileau
- Centre de référence syndromes de Marfan et syndromes apparentés, APHP, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Jondeau
- Centre de référence syndromes de Marfan et syndromes apparentés, APHP, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France
| | - Robert Olaso
- Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine (CNRGH), Institut de Biologie François Jacob, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
| | - Doris Lechner
- Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine (CNRGH), Institut de Biologie François Jacob, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
| | - Charlotte Poe
- INSERM, U1231, Génétique des Anomalies du Développement, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR Lipides, Nutrition, Dijon, France
| | - Mirna Assoum
- INSERM, U1231, Génétique des Anomalies du Développement, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR Lipides, Nutrition, Dijon, France
| | - Virginie Carmignac
- INSERM, U1231, Génétique des Anomalies du Développement, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR Lipides, Nutrition, Dijon, France
| | - Laurence Duplomb
- INSERM, U1231, Génétique des Anomalies du Développement, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR Lipides, Nutrition, Dijon, France
| | - Frédéric Tran Mau-Them
- INSERM, U1231, Génétique des Anomalies du Développement, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR Lipides, Nutrition, Dijon, France
| | - Christophe Philippe
- INSERM, U1231, Génétique des Anomalies du Développement, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR Lipides, Nutrition, Dijon, France
| | - Antonio Vitobello
- INSERM, U1231, Génétique des Anomalies du Développement, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR Lipides, Nutrition, Dijon, France
| | - Ange-Line Bruel
- INSERM, U1231, Génétique des Anomalies du Développement, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR Lipides, Nutrition, Dijon, France
| | - Anne Boland
- Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine (CNRGH), Institut de Biologie François Jacob, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
| | - Jean-François Deleuze
- Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine (CNRGH), Institut de Biologie François Jacob, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
| | - Christel Thauvin-Robinet
- INSERM, U1231, Génétique des Anomalies du Développement, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR Lipides, Nutrition, Dijon, France.,FHU TRANSLAD, CHU Dijon, Dijon, France.,Centre de Référence Déficience intellectuelle, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Dijon, Dijon, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Rivière
- INSERM, U1231, Génétique des Anomalies du Développement, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR Lipides, Nutrition, Dijon, France.,FHU TRANSLAD, CHU Dijon, Dijon, France
| | - Brian J O'Roak
- Department of Molecular & Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Laurence Faivre
- INSERM, U1231, Génétique des Anomalies du Développement, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR Lipides, Nutrition, Dijon, France .,FHU TRANSLAD, CHU Dijon, Dijon, France.,Centre de Génétique et Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs de l'interrégion Est, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Dijon, Dijon, France.,Centre de Référence Déficience intellectuelle, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Dijon, Dijon, France
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30
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Rubinato E, Rondeau S, Giuliano F, Kossorotoff M, Parodi M, Gherbi S, Steffan J, Jonard L, Marlin S. MED12 missense mutation in a three-generation family. Clinical characterization of MED12-related disorders and literature review. Eur J Med Genet 2020; 63:103768. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2019.103768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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31
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Wang C, Lin L, Xue Y, Wang Y, Liu Z, Ou Z, Wu S, Lan X, Zhang Y, Yuan F, Luo X, Wang C, Xi J, Sun X, Chen Y. MED12-Related Disease in a Chinese Girl: Clinical Characteristics and Underlying Mechanism. Front Genet 2020; 11:129. [PMID: 32174975 PMCID: PMC7056888 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The RNA polymerase II transcription subunit 12 homolog (MED12) is a member of the mediator complex, which plays a critical role in RNA transcription. Mutations in MED12 cause X-linked intellectual disability and other anomalies collectively grouped as MED12-related disorders. While MED12 mutations have been most commonly reported in male patients, we present the case of a 1-year-old girl with clinical characteristics similar to MED12-related disorders. To explore the clinical characteristics of the condition and its possible pathogenesis, we analyzed the patient's clinical data; genetic testing by whole-exome sequencing revealed a de novo heterozygous mutation (c.1249-1G > C) in MED12. Further cDNA experiments revealed that the patient had an abnormal splicing at the skipping of exon9, which may have produced a truncated protein. qPCR showed decreased MED12 gene expression level in the patient, and an X-chromosome inactivation test confirmed a skewed inactivation of the X-chromosome. The lymphoblast transcription levels of the genes involved in the Gli3-dependent sonic hedgehog (SHH) signaling pathway, namely, CREB5, BMP4, and NEUROG2, were found to be significantly elevated compared with those of her parents and sex- and age-matched controls. Our results support the view that MED12 mutations may dysregulate the SHH signaling pathway, which may have accounted for the aberrant craniofacial morphology of our patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Longlong Lin
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Xue
- Institute of Medical Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yilin Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhao Liu
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois and Children's Hospital of Illinois, Peoria, IL, United States
| | - Zicheng Ou
- Department of Pediatrics, JianNing General Hospital, Fujian, China
| | - Shengnan Wu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoping Lan
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanfeng Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaona Luo
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunmei Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaming Xi
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaomin Sun
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yucai Chen
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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32
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Tejada MI, Ibarluzea N. Non-syndromic X linked intellectual disability: Current knowledge in light of the recent advances in molecular and functional studies. Clin Genet 2020; 97:677-687. [PMID: 31898314 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Since the discovery of the FMR1 gene and the clinical and molecular characterization of Fragile X Syndrome in 1991, more than 141 genes have been identified in the X-chromosome in these 28 years thanks to applying continuously evolving molecular techniques to X-linked intellectual disability (XLID) families. In the past decade, array comparative genomic hybridization and next generation sequencing technologies have accelerated gene discovery exponentially. Classically, XLID has been subdivided in syndromic intellectual disability (S-XLID)-where intellectual disability (ID) is always associated with other recognizable physical and/or neurological features-and non-specific or non-syndromic intellectual disability (NS-XLID) where the only common feature is ID. Nevertheless, new advances on the study of these entities have showed that this classification is not always clear-cut because distinct variants in several of these XLID genes can result in S-XLID as well as in NS-XLID. This review focuses on the current knowledge on the XLID genes involved in non-syndromic forms, with the emphasis on their pathogenic mechanism, thus allowing the possibility to elucidate why some of them can give both syndromic and non-syndromic phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Isabel Tejada
- Genetics Service, Cruces University Hospital, Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Barakaldo, Spain.,Biocruces-Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain.,Clinical Group, Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Valencia, Spain
| | - Nekane Ibarluzea
- Biocruces-Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain.,Clinical Group, Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Valencia, Spain
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33
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Ibarluzea N, de la Hoz AB, Villate O, Llano I, Ocio I, Martí I, Guitart M, Gabau E, Andrade F, Gener B, Tejada MI. Targeted Next-Generation Sequencing in Patients with Suggestive X-Linked Intellectual Disability. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11010051. [PMID: 31906484 PMCID: PMC7017351 DOI: 10.3390/genes11010051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
X-linked intellectual disability (XLID) is known to contribute up to 10% of intellectual disability (ID) in males and could explain the increased ratio of affected males observed in patients with ID. Over the past decade, next-generation sequencing has clearly stimulated the gene discovery process and has become part of the diagnostic procedure. We have performed targeted next-generation sequencing of 82 XLID genes on 61 non-related male patients with suggestive non-syndromic XLID. These patients were initially referred to the molecular genetics laboratory to exclude Fragile X Syndrome. The cohort includes 47 male patients with suggestive X-linked family history of ID meaning that they had half-brothers or maternal cousins or uncles affected; and 14 male patients with ID and affected brothers whose mothers show skewed X-inactivation. Sequencing data analysis identified 17 candidate variants in 16 patients. Seven families could be re-contacted and variant segregation analysis of the respective eight candidate variants was performed: HUWE1, IQSEC2, MAOA, MED12, PHF8, SLC6A8, SLC9A6, and SYN1. Our results show the utility of targeted next-generation sequencing in unravelling the genetic origin of XLID, especially in retrospective cases. Variant segregation and additional studies like RNA sequencing and biochemical assays also helped in re-evaluating and further classifying the genetic variants found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nekane Ibarluzea
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Belén de la Hoz
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Olatz Villate
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Genetics Service, Cruces University Hospital, Osakidetza Basque Health Service, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Isabel Llano
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Genetics Service, Cruces University Hospital, Osakidetza Basque Health Service, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Intzane Ocio
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Araba University Hospital, Osakidetza Basque Health Service, 01009 Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Itxaso Martí
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Donostia University Hospital, Osakidetza Basque Health Service, 20014 Donostia, Spain
| | - Miriam Guitart
- Genetics Laboratory, Paediatric Unit, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Institut d’Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí I3PT, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08208 Sabadell, Spain
| | - Elisabeth Gabau
- Genetics Laboratory, Paediatric Unit, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Institut d’Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí I3PT, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08208 Sabadell, Spain
| | - Fernando Andrade
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Blanca Gener
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Genetics Service, Cruces University Hospital, Osakidetza Basque Health Service, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain
| | - María-Isabel Tejada
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Genetics Service, Cruces University Hospital, Osakidetza Basque Health Service, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain
- Correspondence:
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Zhang S, O'Regan R, Xu W. The emerging role of mediator complex subunit 12 in tumorigenesis and response to chemotherapeutics. Cancer 2019; 126:939-948. [PMID: 31869450 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.32672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Transcriptional dysregulation induced by disease-defining genetic alterations of proteins in transcriptional machinery is a key feature of cancers. Mediator complex subunit 12 (MED12) is the central architectural subunit in the kinase module of Mediator, a large transcriptional regulatory complex that controls essential steps of transcription. Emerging evidence links deregulated MED12 to human cancers. MED12 is frequently mutated in benign tumors and cancers. Although the missense mutations of MED12 in benign tumors disrupt the kinase activity of Mediator, MED12 mutations in cancers could eliminate the interaction between Mediator complex and RNA polymerase II, leading to severe transcriptional misregulation. Aberrant expression of MED12 is associated with the prognosis of various types of human cancers. Loss of MED12 function has been associated with the development of resistance to chemotherapeutics. Moreover, MED12 is modified by posttranscriptional regulations. Arginine methylation of MED12 has been shown to regulate MED12-mediated transcriptional regulation and response to chemotherapeutics in human cancer cell lines. In this mini-review, the authors provide an overview of the roles of MED12 in the development of benign and malignant tumors as well as its roles in chemoresistance. The studies of MED12 exemplify that aberrant transcriptional programming is a therapeutic vulnerability for certain types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengjie Zhang
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin.,Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (ICBM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ruth O'Regan
- Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Wei Xu
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
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35
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Jiang Y, Qian YQ, Yang MM, Zhan QT, Chen Y, Xi FF, Sagnelli M, Dong MY, Zhao BH, Luo Q. Whole-Exome Sequencing Revealed Mutations of MED12 and EFNB1 in Fetal Agenesis of the Corpus Callosum. Front Genet 2019; 10:1201. [PMID: 31824579 PMCID: PMC6886535 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.01201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Agenesis of the corpus callosum (ACC) is a birth defect in which the corpus callosum is either partially or completely missing. With recent advances in prenatal ultrasound, detection of ACC in obstetric practices is becoming more common. Etiologies of ACC include chromosome errors, genetic factors, prenatal infections, and other factors related to the prenatal environment. In an effort to elucidate more about the genetic influence in the pathogenesis of ACC, we identified, through whole-exome sequencing (WES), two gene mutations in two families with complete agenesis of the corpus callosum. These two mutations are located on chromosome X: one is a hemizygous missense mutation c.3746T>C (p. L1249P) in the gene mediator complex subunit 12 (MED12); the other one is a heterozygous missense mutation c.128+5G>C in gene ephrin B1 (EFNB1). Historically, early diagnosis of complete ACC during pregnancy has been difficult; however, WES has provided us with a creative avenue of diagnosis, combining identification of genetic mutations with prenatal imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ye-Qing Qian
- Department of Obstetrics, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meng-Meng Yang
- Department of Obstetrics, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qi-Tao Zhan
- Department of Obstetrics, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Chen
- Department of Obstetrics, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fang-Fang Xi
- Department of Obstetrics, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Matthew Sagnelli
- University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, United States
| | - Min-Yue Dong
- Department of Obstetrics, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bai-Hui Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiong Luo
- Department of Obstetrics, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Napoli C, Schiano C, Soricelli A. Increasing evidence of pathogenic role of the Mediator (MED) complex in the development of cardiovascular diseases. Biochimie 2019; 165:1-8. [PMID: 31255603 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2019.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the first cause of death in the World. Mediator (MED) is an evolutionarily conserved protein complex, which mediates distinct protein-protein interactions. Pathogenic events in MED subunit have been associated with human diseases. Novel increasing evidence showed that missense mutations in MED13L gene are associated with transposition of great arteries while MED12, MED13, MED15, and MED30, have been correlated with heart development. Moreover, MED23 and MED25 have been associated with heart malformations in humans. Relevantly, MED1, MED13, MED14, MED15, MED23, MED25, and CDK8, were found modify glucose and/or lipid metabolism. Indeed, MED1, MED15, MED25, and CDK8 interact in the PPAR- and SREBP-mediated signaling pathways. MED1, MED14 and MED23 are involved in adipocyte differentiation, whereas MED23 mediates smooth muscle cell differentiation. MED12, MED19, MED23, and MED30 regulate endothelial differentiation by alternative splicing mechanism. Thus, MEDs have a central role in early pathogenic events involved in CVDs representing novel targets for clinical prevention and therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Napoli
- University Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, Clinical Department of Internal Medicine and Specialistic Units, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", 80138, Naples, Italy
| | | | - A Soricelli
- IRCCS SDN, 80143, Naples, Italy; Department of Motor Sciences and Healthiness, University of Naples Parthenope, 80134, Naples, Italy
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Variants in MED12L, encoding a subunit of the mediator kinase module, are responsible for intellectual disability associated with transcriptional defect. Genet Med 2019; 21:2713-2722. [PMID: 31155615 PMCID: PMC7243155 DOI: 10.1038/s41436-019-0557-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Mediator is a multiprotein complex that allows the transfer of
genetic information from DNA binding proteins to the RNA polymerase II
during transcription initiation. MED12L is a subunit of the kinase module,
which is one of the four sub-complexes of the mediator complex. Other
subunits of the kinase module have been already implicated in intellectual
disability, namely MED12, MED13L, MED13 and CDK19. Methods We describe an international cohort of seven affected individuals
harboring variants involving MED12L identified by array
CGH, exome or genome sequencing. Results All affected individuals presented with intellectual disability
and/or developmental delay, including speech impairment. Other features
included autism spectrum disorder, aggressive behavior, corpus callosum
abnormality and mild facial morphological features. Three individuals had a
MED12L deletion or duplication. The other four
individuals harbored single nucleotide variants (one nonsense, one
frameshift and two splicing variants). Functional analysis confirmed a
moderate and significant alteration of RNA synthesis in two individuals. Conclusion Overall data suggest that MED12L haploinsufficiency is responsible
for intellectual disability and transcriptional defect. Our findings confirm
that the integrity of this kinase module is a critical factor for
neurological development.
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Novel MED12 variant in a multiplex Fragile X syndrome family: dual molecular etiology of two X-linked intellectual disabilities with autism in the same family. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:4185-4193. [PMID: 31098807 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-04869-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Studies of X-linked pedigrees were the first to identify genes implicated in intellectual disability (ID) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, some pedigrees present a huge clinical variability between the affected members. This intrafamilial heterogeneity may be due to cooccurrence of two disorders. In the present study, we describe a multiplex X-linked pedigree in which three siblings have ID, ASD and dysmorphic features but with variable severity. Through Fragile X syndrome test, we identified the full FMR1 mutation in only two males. Whole exome sequencing allowed us to identify a novel hemizygous variant (p.Gln2080_Gln2083del) in MED12 gene in two males. So, the first patient has FXS, the second has both FMR1 and MED12 mutations while the third has only the MED12 variant. MED12 mutations are implicated in several forms of X-linked ID. Family segregation and genotype-phenotype-correlation were in favor of a cooccurrence of two forms of X-linked ID. Our work provides further evidence of the involvement of MED12 in XLID. Moreover, through these results, it is noteworthy to raise awareness that intrafamilial heterogeneity in FXS multiplex families could result from the cooccurrence of multiple clinical entities involving at least two separate genetic loci. This should be taken into consideration for genetic testing and counselling in patients/families with atypical disease symptoms.
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MED28 Over-Expression Shortens the Cell Cycle and Induces Genomic Instability. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20071746. [PMID: 30970566 PMCID: PMC6479353 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20071746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The mammalian mediator complex subunit 28 (MED28) is overexpressed in a variety of cancers and it regulates cell migration/invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. However, transcription factors that increase MED28 expression have not yet been identified. In this study, we performed a luciferase reporter assay to identify and characterize the prospective transcription factors, namely E2F transcription factor 1, nuclear respiratory factor 1, E-26 transforming sequence 1, and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β, which increased MED28 expression. In addition, the release from the arrest at the G1−S or G2−M phase transition after cell cycle synchronization using thymidine or nocodazole, respectively, showed enhanced MED28 expression at the G1−S transition and mitosis. Furthermore, the overexpression of MED28 significantly decreased the duration of interphase and mitosis. Conversely, a knockdown of MED28 using si-RNA increased the duration of interphase and mitosis. Of note, the overexpression of MED28 significantly increased micronucleus and nuclear budding in HeLa cells. In addition, flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy analyses showed that the overexpression of MED28 significantly increased aneuploid cells. Taken together, these results suggest that MED28 expression is increased by oncogenic transcription factors and its overexpression disturbs the cell cycle, which results in genomic instability and aneuploidy.
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Srivastava S, Niranjan T, May MM, Tarpey P, Allen W, Hackett A, Jouk P, Raymond L, Briault S, Skinner C, Toutain A, Gecz J, Heath W, Stevenson RE, Schwartz CE, Wang T. Dysregulations of sonic hedgehog signaling in MED12-related X-linked intellectual disability disorders. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2019; 7:e00569. [PMID: 30729724 PMCID: PMC6465656 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations in mediator of RNA polymerase II transcription subunit 12 homolog (MED12, OMIM 300188) cause X-linked intellectual disability (XLID) disorders including FG, Lujan, and Ohdo syndromes. The Gli3-dependent Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) signaling pathway has been implicated in the original FG syndrome and Lujan syndrome. How are SHH-signaling defects related to the complex clinical phenotype of MED12-associated XLID syndromes are not fully understood. METHODS Quantitative RT-PCR was used to study expression levels of three SHH-signaling genes in lymophoblast cell lines carrying four MED12 mutations from four unrelated XLID families. Genotype and phenotype correlation studies were performed on these mutations. RESULTS Three newly identified and one novel MED12 mutations in six affected males from four unrelated XLID families were studied. Three mutations (c.2692A>G; p.N898D, c.3640C>T; p.R1214C, and c.3884G>A; p.R1295H) are located in the LS domain and one (c.617G>A; p.R206Q) is in the L domain of MED12. These mutations involve highly conserved amino acid residues and segregate with ID and related congenital malformations in respective probands families. Patients with the LS-domain mutations share many features of FG syndrome and some features of Lujan syndrome. The patient with the L-domain mutation presented with ID and predominant neuropsychiatric features but little dysmorphic features of either FG or Lujan syndrome. Transcript levels of three Gli3-dependent SHH-signaling genes, CREB5, BMP4, and NEUROG2, were determined by quantitative RT-PCR and found to be significantly elevated in lymphoblasts from patients with three mutations in the MED12-LS domain. CONCLUSIONS These results support a critical role of MED12 in regulating Gli3-dependent SHH signaling and in developing ID and related congenital malformations in XLID syndromes. Differences in the expression profile of SHH-signaling genes potentially contribute to variability in clinical phenotypes in patients with MED12-related XLID disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddharth Srivastava
- Institute of Genetic Medicine and Department of PediatricsJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMaryland
| | - Tejasvi Niranjan
- Institute of Genetic Medicine and Department of PediatricsJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMaryland
| | | | | | | | - Anna Hackett
- Genetics of Learning Disability ServiceHunter GeneticsWaratahNSWAustralia
| | | | - Lucy Raymond
- Cambridge Institute of Medical ResearchCambridgeUK
| | | | | | - Annick Toutain
- Service de Génétique Clinique, Hôpital BretonneauToursFrance
| | - Jozef Gecz
- Adelaide Medical School and Robinson Research InstituteThe University of AdelaideAdelaideAustralia
| | - William Heath
- J.I. Riddle Developmental CenterMorgantonNorth Carolina
| | | | | | - Tao Wang
- Institute of Genetic Medicine and Department of PediatricsJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMaryland
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Moore-Morris T, van Vliet PP, Andelfinger G, Puceat M. Role of Epigenetics in Cardiac Development and Congenital Diseases. Physiol Rev 2019; 98:2453-2475. [PMID: 30156497 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00048.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The heart is the first organ to be functional in the fetus. Heart formation is a complex morphogenetic process regulated by both genetic and epigenetic mechanisms. Congenital heart diseases (CHD) are the most prominent congenital diseases. Genetics is not sufficient to explain these diseases or the impact of them on patients. Epigenetics is more and more emerging as a basis for cardiac malformations. This review brings the essential knowledge on cardiac biology of development. It further provides a broad background on epigenetics with a focus on three-dimensional conformation of chromatin. Then, we summarize the current knowledge of the impact of epigenetics on cardiac cell fate decision. We further provide an update on the epigenetic anomalies in the genesis of CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Moore-Morris
- Université Aix-Marseille, INSERM UMR- 1251, Marseille , France ; Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec , Canada ; Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec , Canada ; and Laboratoire International Associé INSERM, Marseille France-CHU Ste Justine, Quebec, Canada
| | - Patrick Piet van Vliet
- Université Aix-Marseille, INSERM UMR- 1251, Marseille , France ; Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec , Canada ; Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec , Canada ; and Laboratoire International Associé INSERM, Marseille France-CHU Ste Justine, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gregor Andelfinger
- Université Aix-Marseille, INSERM UMR- 1251, Marseille , France ; Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec , Canada ; Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec , Canada ; and Laboratoire International Associé INSERM, Marseille France-CHU Ste Justine, Quebec, Canada
| | - Michel Puceat
- Université Aix-Marseille, INSERM UMR- 1251, Marseille , France ; Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec , Canada ; Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec , Canada ; and Laboratoire International Associé INSERM, Marseille France-CHU Ste Justine, Quebec, Canada
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Agostini A, Marchetti D, Izzi C, Cocco I, Pinelli L, Accorsi P, Iascone Maria R, Giordano L. Expanding the phenotype of MED 17 mutations: Description of two new cases and review of the literature. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2018; 177:687-690. [PMID: 30345598 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
We report the case of two siblings presenting with failure to thrive in early years, progressive microcephaly, moderate intellectual disability, developmental delay, ataxic gait and seizures with an identical EEG pattern, and minimal cerebellar atrophy. We ruled out the syndromic and metabolic causes of microcephaly and subsequently conducted a panel of genetic diagnostic tests, including the clinical exome sequencing which revealed compound heterozygous mutations in MED 17 gene in both patients. p.Glu16fs was found to be inherited from the mother and p.Gly253Arg from the father. This case along with review of the literature suggests that mutations in MED17 may define a phenotype characterized by progressive microcephaly, intellectual disability, seizures, cerebellar atrophy of variable degree, and ataxia. More cases are needed to define the phenotype-genotype correlation in MED17 mutations. However, basing on our findings, we recommend testing MED17 mutations in any patient presenting with two or more of the aforementioned signs and symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Agostini
- Pediatric Department, Ospedale dei Bambini di Brescia, Brescia, Lombardia, Italy
| | - Daniela Marchetti
- Department of Genetics, Aziende Socio Sanitarie Territoriale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Lombardia, Italy
| | - Claudia Izzi
- Prenatal Diagnosis Unit, Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Lombardia, Italy
| | - Isabella Cocco
- Pediatric Neurology and Psychiatric Department, Ospedale dei Bambini di Brescia, Brescia, Lombardia, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Pinelli
- Pediatric Neuroradiology Department, Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Lombardia, Italy
| | - Patrizia Accorsi
- Pediatric Neurology and Psychiatric Department, Ospedale dei Bambini di Brescia, Brescia, Lombardia, Italy
| | - Rosaria Iascone Maria
- Department of Genetics, Aziende Socio Sanitarie Territoriale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Lombardia, Italy
| | - Lucio Giordano
- Pediatric Neurology and Psychiatric Department, Ospedale dei Bambini di Brescia, Brescia, Lombardia, Italy
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Diament A, Tuller T. Modeling three-dimensional genomic organization in evolution and pathogenesis. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2018; 90:78-93. [PMID: 30030143 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2018.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The regulation of gene expression is mediated via the complex three-dimensional (3D) conformation of the genetic material and its interactions with various intracellular factors. Various experimental and computational approaches have been developed in recent years for understating the relation between the 3D conformation of the genome and the phenotypes of cells in normal condition and diseases. In this review, we will discuss novel approaches for analyzing and modeling the 3D genomic conformation, focusing on deciphering disease-causing mutations that affect gene expression. We conclude that as this is a very challenging mission, an important direction should involve the comparative analysis of various 3D models from various organisms or cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alon Diament
- Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Tamir Tuller
- Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel; The Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel.
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44
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Beadle EP, Straub JA, Bunnell BA, Newman JJ. MED31 involved in regulating self-renewal and adipogenesis of human mesenchymal stem cells. Mol Biol Rep 2018; 45:1545-1550. [PMID: 30006772 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-018-4241-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Regulation of gene expression is critical for the maintenance of cell state and homeostasis. Aberrant regulation of genes can lead to unwanted cell proliferation or misdirected differentiation. Here we investigate the role of MED31, a highly conserved subunit of the Mediator complex, to determine the role this subunit plays in the maintenance of human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) state. Using siRNA-mediated knockdown of MED31 we demonstrate a decrease in self-renewal based on cell assays and monitoring of gene expression. In addition, in the absence of MED31, hMSCs also displayed a reduction in adipogenesis as evidenced by diminished lipid vesicle formation and expression of specific adipogenic markers. These data present evidence for a significant role for MED31 in maintaining adult stem cell homeostasis, thereby introducing potential novel targets for future investigation and use in better understanding stem cell behavior and adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik P Beadle
- School of Biological Sciences, Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, LA, USA
| | - Joseph A Straub
- School of Biological Sciences, Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, LA, USA
| | - Bruce A Bunnell
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Departments of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Jamie J Newman
- School of Biological Sciences, Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, LA, USA.
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Snijders Blok L, Hiatt SM, Bowling KM, Prokop JW, Engel KL, Cochran JN, Bebin EM, Bijlsma EK, Ruivenkamp CAL, Terhal P, Simon MEH, Smith R, Hurst JA, McLaughlin H, Person R, Crunk A, Wangler MF, Streff H, Symonds JD, Zuberi SM, Elliott KS, Sanders VR, Masunga A, Hopkin RJ, Dubbs HA, Ortiz-Gonzalez XR, Pfundt R, Brunner HG, Fisher SE, Kleefstra T, Cooper GM. De novo mutations in MED13, a component of the Mediator complex, are associated with a novel neurodevelopmental disorder. Hum Genet 2018; 137:375-388. [PMID: 29740699 PMCID: PMC5973976 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-018-1887-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Many genetic causes of developmental delay and/or intellectual disability (DD/ID) are extremely rare, and robust discovery of these requires both large-scale DNA sequencing and data sharing. Here we describe a GeneMatcher collaboration which led to a cohort of 13 affected individuals harboring protein-altering variants, 11 of which are de novo, in MED13; the only inherited variant was transmitted to an affected child from an affected mother. All patients had intellectual disability and/or developmental delays, including speech delays or disorders. Other features that were reported in two or more patients include autism spectrum disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, optic nerve abnormalities, Duane anomaly, hypotonia, mild congenital heart abnormalities, and dysmorphisms. Six affected individuals had mutations that are predicted to truncate the MED13 protein, six had missense mutations, and one had an in-frame-deletion of one amino acid. Out of the seven non-truncating mutations, six clustered in two specific locations of the MED13 protein: an N-terminal and C-terminal region. The four N-terminal clustering mutations affect two adjacent amino acids that are known to be involved in MED13 ubiquitination and degradation, p.Thr326 and p.Pro327. MED13 is a component of the CDK8-kinase module that can reversibly bind Mediator, a multi-protein complex that is required for Polymerase II transcription initiation. Mutations in several other genes encoding subunits of Mediator have been previously shown to associate with DD/ID, including MED13L, a paralog of MED13. Thus, our findings add MED13 to the group of CDK8-kinase module-associated disease genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lot Snijders Blok
- Human Genetics Department, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Susan M Hiatt
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, 601 Genome Way, Huntsville, AL, 35806, USA
| | - Kevin M Bowling
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, 601 Genome Way, Huntsville, AL, 35806, USA
| | - Jeremy W Prokop
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, 601 Genome Way, Huntsville, AL, 35806, USA
| | - Krysta L Engel
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, 601 Genome Way, Huntsville, AL, 35806, USA
| | - J Nicholas Cochran
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, 601 Genome Way, Huntsville, AL, 35806, USA
| | | | - Emilia K Bijlsma
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Claudia A L Ruivenkamp
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Paulien Terhal
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marleen E H Simon
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rosemarie Smith
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Maine Medical Center, Portland, ME, USA
| | - Jane A Hurst
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
| | | | | | - Amy Crunk
- GeneDx, 207 Perry Parkway, Gaithersburg, MD, 20877, USA
| | - Michael F Wangler
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Haley Streff
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Joseph D Symonds
- Paediatric Neurosciences Research Group, University of Glasgow and Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow, G51 4TF, UK
| | - Sameer M Zuberi
- Paediatric Neurosciences Research Group, University of Glasgow and Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow, G51 4TF, UK
| | | | - Victoria R Sanders
- Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Abigail Masunga
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Robert J Hopkin
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Holly A Dubbs
- Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Rolph Pfundt
- Human Genetics Department, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Han G Brunner
- Human Genetics Department, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht UMC, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Simon E Fisher
- Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Tjitske Kleefstra
- Human Genetics Department, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Gregory M Cooper
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, 601 Genome Way, Huntsville, AL, 35806, USA.
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Moutton S, Bruel AL, Assoum M, Chevarin M, Sarrazin E, Goizet C, Guerrot AM, Charollais A, Charles P, Heron D, Faudet A, Houcinat N, Vitobello A, Tran-Mau-Them F, Philippe C, Duffourd Y, Thauvin-Robinet C, Faivre L. Truncating variants of the DLG4
gene are responsible for intellectual disability with marfanoid features. Clin Genet 2018; 93:1172-1178. [DOI: 10.1111/cge.13243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Moutton
- Reference Center for Developmental Anomalies, Department of Medical Genetics; Dijon University Hospital; Dijon France
- INSERM U1231, LNC UMR1231 GAD; Burgundy University; Dijon France
| | - A.-L. Bruel
- INSERM U1231, LNC UMR1231 GAD; Burgundy University; Dijon France
| | - M. Assoum
- INSERM U1231, LNC UMR1231 GAD; Burgundy University; Dijon France
| | - M. Chevarin
- INSERM U1231, LNC UMR1231 GAD; Burgundy University; Dijon France
| | - E. Sarrazin
- Caribbean Reference Center for Rare Neurological and Neuromuscular Diseases; Fort de France University Hospital; Fort de France France
| | - C. Goizet
- Reference Center for Developmental Anomalies, Medical Genetics Department, CHU Bordeaux and Laboratoire MRGM, INSERM U1211; University of Bordeaux; Bordeaux France
| | - A.-M. Guerrot
- Department of Genetics; Rouen University Hospital; Rouen France
| | - A. Charollais
- Department of Neonatal Medicine and Intensive Care, Neuropediatrics and Reference Centre for Learning Disabilities; Rouen University Hospital; Rouen France
| | - P. Charles
- Reference Center for Rare Intellectual Disability Disorders, AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France and Clinical Research Group “intellectual disability and autism”; UPMC; Paris France
| | - D. Heron
- Reference Center for Rare Intellectual Disability Disorders, AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France and Clinical Research Group “intellectual disability and autism”; UPMC; Paris France
| | - A. Faudet
- Reference Center for Rare Intellectual Disability Disorders, AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France and Clinical Research Group “intellectual disability and autism”; UPMC; Paris France
| | - N. Houcinat
- Reference Center for Developmental Anomalies, Department of Medical Genetics; Dijon University Hospital; Dijon France
- INSERM U1231, LNC UMR1231 GAD; Burgundy University; Dijon France
| | - A. Vitobello
- INSERM U1231, LNC UMR1231 GAD; Burgundy University; Dijon France
| | - F. Tran-Mau-Them
- Reference Center for Developmental Anomalies, Department of Medical Genetics; Dijon University Hospital; Dijon France
- INSERM U1231, LNC UMR1231 GAD; Burgundy University; Dijon France
| | - C. Philippe
- Reference Center for Developmental Anomalies, Department of Medical Genetics; Dijon University Hospital; Dijon France
- INSERM U1231, LNC UMR1231 GAD; Burgundy University; Dijon France
| | - Y. Duffourd
- INSERM U1231, LNC UMR1231 GAD; Burgundy University; Dijon France
| | - C. Thauvin-Robinet
- Reference Center for Developmental Anomalies, Department of Medical Genetics; Dijon University Hospital; Dijon France
- INSERM U1231, LNC UMR1231 GAD; Burgundy University; Dijon France
| | - L. Faivre
- Reference Center for Developmental Anomalies, Department of Medical Genetics; Dijon University Hospital; Dijon France
- INSERM U1231, LNC UMR1231 GAD; Burgundy University; Dijon France
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47
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Gao WW, Xiao RQ, Zhang WJ, Hu YR, Peng BL, Li WJ, He YH, Shen HF, Ding JC, Huang QX, Ye TY, Li Y, Liu ZY, Ding R, Rosenfeld MG, Liu W. JMJD6 Licenses ERα-Dependent Enhancer and Coding Gene Activation by Modulating the Recruitment of the CARM1/MED12 Co-activator Complex. Mol Cell 2018; 70:340-357.e8. [PMID: 29628309 PMCID: PMC6258263 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2018.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Whereas the actions of enhancers in gene transcriptional regulation are well established, roles of JmjC-domain-containing proteins in mediating enhancer activation remain poorly understood. Here, we report that recruitment of the JmjC-domain-containing protein 6 (JMJD6) to estrogen receptor alpha (ERα)-bound active enhancers is required for RNA polymerase II recruitment and enhancer RNA production on enhancers, resulting in transcriptional pause release of cognate estrogen target genes. JMJD6 is found to interact with MED12 in the mediator complex to regulate its recruitment. Unexpectedly, JMJD6 is necessary for MED12 to interact with CARM1, which methylates MED12 at multiple arginine sites and regulates its chromatin binding. Consistent with its role in transcriptional activation, JMJD6 is required for estrogen/ERα-induced breast cancer cell growth and tumorigenesis. Our data have uncovered a critical regulator of estrogen/ERα-induced enhancer coding gene activation and breast cancer cell potency, providing a potential therapeutic target of ER-positive breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Wei Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Rong-Quan Xiao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Wen-Juan Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Yi-Ren Hu
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Bing-Ling Peng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Wen-Juan Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Yao-Hui He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Hai-Feng Shen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Jian-Cheng Ding
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Qi-Xuan Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Tian-Yi Ye
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Ying Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Zhi-Ying Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Rong Ding
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Michael G Rosenfeld
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Wen Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China; State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China.
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48
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Abstract
Transcriptional control of oxytocinergic cell development influences social, sexual, and appetite related behaviors and is implicated in disorders such as autism and Prader-Willi syndrome. Mediator 12 (Med12) is a transcriptional coactivator required for multiple facets of brain development including subsets of serotonergic and dopaminergic neurons. We surveyed hormone gene expression within the hypothalamo-pituitary axis of med12 mutant zebrafish embryos with a focus on oxytocin (oxt) expression. Some transcripts, such as oxt, vasopressin (avp) and corticotrophin releasing hormone (crh) are undetectable in the med12 mutant, while others are upregulated or downregulated to varying degrees. In med12 mutants, the expression patterns of upstream transcriptional regulators of oxytocinergic cell development remain largely intact in the pre-optic area, suggesting a more direct influence of Med12 on oxt expression. We show that Med12 is required for Wnt signaling in zebrafish. However, oxt expression is unaffected in Wnt-inhibited embryos indicating independence of Wnt signaling. In fact, overactive Wnt signaling inhibits oxt expression, and we identify a Wnt-sensitive period starting at 24 h post fertilization (hpf). Thus, Med12 and repression of Wnt signaling display critical but unrelated roles in regulating oxt expression. Summary: Mediator 12, a transcriptional coactivator, greatly enhances Wnt signaling in the developing embryo. Separate from its role in Wnt signaling, Mediator 12 is required for oxytocin expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma D Spikol
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, 4000 Reservoir Rd., Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Eric Glasgow
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, 4000 Reservoir Rd., Washington, DC 20057, USA
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49
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Abstract
Alterations in the regulation of gene expression are frequently associated with developmental diseases or cancer. Transcription activation is a key phenomenon in the regulation of gene expression. In all eukaryotes, mediator of RNA polymerase II transcription (Mediator), a large complex with modular organization, is generally required for transcription by RNA polymerase II, and it regulates various steps of this process. The main function of Mediator is to transduce signals from the transcription activators bound to enhancer regions to the transcription machinery, which is assembled at promoters as the preinitiation complex (PIC) to control transcription initiation. Recent functional studies of Mediator with the use of structural biology approaches and functional genomics have revealed new insights into Mediator activity and its regulation during transcription initiation, including how Mediator is recruited to transcription regulatory regions and how it interacts and cooperates with PIC components to assist in PIC assembly. Novel roles of Mediator in the control of gene expression have also been revealed by showing its connection to the nuclear pore and linking Mediator to the regulation of gene positioning in the nuclear space. Clear links between Mediator subunits and disease have also encouraged studies to explore targeting of this complex as a potential therapeutic approach in cancer and fungal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Soutourina
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Institute of Life Sciences Frédéric Joliot, Commissariat à l'énergie Atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University Paris Sud, University Paris Saclay, F-91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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50
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Gordon CT, Chopra M, Oufadem M, Alibeu O, Bras M, Boddaert N, Bole-Feysot C, Nitschké P, Abadie V, Lyonnet S, Amiel J. MED13L
loss-of-function variants in two patients with syndromic Pierre Robin sequence. Am J Med Genet A 2017; 176:181-186. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.38536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher T. Gordon
- Laboratory of Embryology and Genetics of Congenital Malformations; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR 1163; Institut Imagine; Paris France
- Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité Université; Institut Imagine; Paris France
| | - Maya Chopra
- Laboratory of Embryology and Genetics of Congenital Malformations; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR 1163; Institut Imagine; Paris France
- Département de Génétique; Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP); Paris France
| | - Myriam Oufadem
- Laboratory of Embryology and Genetics of Congenital Malformations; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR 1163; Institut Imagine; Paris France
- Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité Université; Institut Imagine; Paris France
| | - Olivier Alibeu
- Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité Université; Institut Imagine; Paris France
- Genomics Platform, INSERM UMR 1163; Institut Imagine; Paris France
| | - Marc Bras
- Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité Université; Institut Imagine; Paris France
- Bioinformatics Platform, INSERM UMR 1163; Institut Imagine; Paris France
| | - Nathalie Boddaert
- Service de Radiologie Pédiatrique; Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, AP-HP; Paris France
- INSERM U1000 and UMR 1163; Institut Imagine; Paris France
| | - Christine Bole-Feysot
- Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité Université; Institut Imagine; Paris France
- Genomics Platform, INSERM UMR 1163; Institut Imagine; Paris France
| | - Patrick Nitschké
- Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité Université; Institut Imagine; Paris France
- Bioinformatics Platform, INSERM UMR 1163; Institut Imagine; Paris France
| | - Véronique Abadie
- Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité Université; Institut Imagine; Paris France
- Service de Pédiatrie Générale; Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, AP-HP; Paris France
| | - Stanislas Lyonnet
- Laboratory of Embryology and Genetics of Congenital Malformations; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR 1163; Institut Imagine; Paris France
- Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité Université; Institut Imagine; Paris France
- Département de Génétique; Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP); Paris France
| | - Jeanne Amiel
- Laboratory of Embryology and Genetics of Congenital Malformations; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR 1163; Institut Imagine; Paris France
- Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité Université; Institut Imagine; Paris France
- Département de Génétique; Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP); Paris France
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