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Leeson-Payne A, Iyinikkel J, Malcolm C, Lam BYH, Sommer N, Dowsett GKC, Martinez de Morentin PB, Thompson D, Mackenzie A, Chianese R, Kentistou K, Gardner EJ, Perry JRB, Grassmann F, Speakman JR, Rochford JJ, Yeo GSH, Murray F, Heisler LK. Loss of GPR75 protects against non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and body fat accumulation. Cell Metab 2024:S1550-4131(24)00120-7. [PMID: 38653246 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2024.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Approximately 1 in 4 people worldwide have non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD); however, there are currently no medications to treat this condition. This study investigated the role of adiposity-associated orphan G protein-coupled receptor 75 (GPR75) in liver lipid accumulation. We profiled Gpr75 expression and report that it is most abundant in the brain. Next, we generated the first single-cell-level analysis of Gpr75 and identified a subpopulation co-expressed with key appetite-regulating hypothalamic neurons. CRISPR-Cas9-deleted Gpr75 mice fed a palatable western diet high in fat adjusted caloric intake to remain in energy balance, thereby preventing NAFLD. Consistent with mouse results, analysis of whole-exome sequencing data from 428,719 individuals (UK Biobank) revealed that variants in GPR75 are associated with a reduced likelihood of hepatic steatosis. Here, we provide a significant advance in understanding of the expression and function of GPR75, demonstrating that it is a promising pharmaceutical target for NAFLD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jean Iyinikkel
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Cameron Malcolm
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Brian Y H Lam
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science-Metabolic Research Laboratories, Medical Research Council Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nadine Sommer
- The Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Georgina K C Dowsett
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science-Metabolic Research Laboratories, Medical Research Council Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Dawn Thompson
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | | | | | - Katherine Kentistou
- Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Eugene J Gardner
- Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - John R B Perry
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science-Metabolic Research Laboratories, Medical Research Council Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Felix Grassmann
- Institute for Clinical Research and Systems Medicine, Health and Medical University, Potsdam, Germany
| | - John R Speakman
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | | | - Giles S H Yeo
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science-Metabolic Research Laboratories, Medical Research Council Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Fiona Murray
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.
| | - Lora K Heisler
- The Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.
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2
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Kentistou KA, Lim BEM, Kaisinger LR, Steinthorsdottir V, Sharp LN, Patel KA, Tragante V, Hawkes G, Gardner EJ, Olafsdottir T, Wood AR, Zhao Y, Thorleifsson G, Day FR, Ozanne SE, Hattersley AT, O'Rahilly S, Stefansson K, Ong KK, Beaumont RN, Perry JRB, Freathy RM. Rare variant associations with birth weight identify genes involved in adipose tissue regulation, placental function and insulin-like growth factor signalling. medRxiv 2024:2024.04.03.24305248. [PMID: 38633783 PMCID: PMC11023655 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.03.24305248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Investigating the genetic factors influencing human birth weight may lead to biological insights into fetal growth and long-term health. Genome-wide association studies of birth weight have highlighted associated variants in more than 200 regions of the genome, but the causal genes are mostly unknown. Rare genetic variants with robust evidence of association are more likely to point to causal genes, but to date, only a few rare variants are known to influence birth weight. We aimed to identify genes that harbour rare variants that impact birth weight when carried by either the fetus or the mother, by analysing whole exome sequence data in UK Biobank participants. We annotated rare (minor allele frequency <0.1%) protein-truncating or high impact missense variants on whole exome sequence data in up to 234,675 participants with data on their own birth weight (fetal variants), and up to 181,883 mothers who reported the birth weight of their first child (maternal variants). Variants within each gene were collapsed to perform gene burden tests and for each associated gene, we compared the observed fetal and maternal effects. We identified 8 genes with evidence of rare fetal variant effects on birth weight, of which 2 also showed maternal effects. One additional gene showed evidence of maternal effects only. We observed 10/11 directionally concordant associations in an independent sample of up to 45,622 individuals (sign test P=0.01). Of the genes identified, IGF1R and PAPPA2 (fetal and maternal-acting) have known roles in insulin-like growth factor bioavailability and signalling. PPARG, INHBE and ACVR1C (all fetal-acting) have known roles in adipose tissue regulation and rare variants in the latter two also showed associations with favourable adiposity patterns in adults. We highlight the dual role of PPARG in both adipocyte differentiation and placental angiogenesis. NOS3, NRK, and ADAMTS8 (fetal and maternal-acting) have been implicated in both placental function and hypertension. Analysis of rare coding variants has identified regulators of fetal adipose tissue and fetoplacental angiogenesis as determinants of birth weight, as well as further evidence for the role of insulin-like growth factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A Kentistou
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Box 285 Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Brandon E M Lim
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Lena R Kaisinger
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Box 285 Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | | | - Luke N Sharp
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Kashyap A Patel
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | | | - Gareth Hawkes
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Eugene J Gardner
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Box 285 Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | | | - Andrew R Wood
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Yajie Zhao
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Box 285 Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | | | - Felix R Day
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Box 285 Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Susan E Ozanne
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Andrew T Hattersley
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Stephen O'Rahilly
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Kari Stefansson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc., 102 Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Ken K Ong
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Box 285 Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Robin N Beaumont
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - John R B Perry
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Box 285 Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Rachel M Freathy
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
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3
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Zhao Y, Chukanova M, Kentistou KA, Fairhurst-Hunter Z, Siegert AM, Jia RY, Dowsett GKC, Gardner EJ, Lawler K, Day FR, Kaisinger LR, Tung YCL, Lam BYH, Chen HJC, Wang Q, Berumen-Campos J, Kuri-Morales P, Tapia-Conyer R, Alegre-Diaz J, Barroso I, Emberson J, Torres JM, Collins R, Saleheen D, Smith KR, Paul DS, Merkle F, Farooqi IS, Wareham NJ, Petrovski S, O'Rahilly S, Ong KK, Yeo GSH, Perry JRB. Protein-truncating variants in BSN are associated with severe adult-onset obesity, type 2 diabetes and fatty liver disease. Nat Genet 2024; 56:579-584. [PMID: 38575728 PMCID: PMC11018524 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-024-01694-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Obesity is a major risk factor for many common diseases and has a substantial heritable component. To identify new genetic determinants, we performed exome-sequence analyses for adult body mass index (BMI) in up to 587,027 individuals. We identified rare loss-of-function variants in two genes (BSN and APBA1) with effects substantially larger than those of well-established obesity genes such as MC4R. In contrast to most other obesity-related genes, rare variants in BSN and APBA1 were not associated with normal variation in childhood adiposity. Furthermore, BSN protein-truncating variants (PTVs) magnified the influence of common genetic variants associated with BMI, with a common variant polygenic score exhibiting an effect twice as large in BSN PTV carriers than in noncarriers. Finally, we explored the plasma proteomic signatures of BSN PTV carriers as well as the functional consequences of BSN deletion in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived hypothalamic neurons. Collectively, our findings implicate degenerative processes in synaptic function in the etiology of adult-onset obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Zhao
- MRC Epidemiology Unit and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Maria Chukanova
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Katherine A Kentistou
- MRC Epidemiology Unit and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Zammy Fairhurst-Hunter
- Centre for Genomics Research, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Anna Maria Siegert
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Raina Y Jia
- MRC Epidemiology Unit and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Georgina K C Dowsett
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Eugene J Gardner
- MRC Epidemiology Unit and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Katherine Lawler
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Felix R Day
- MRC Epidemiology Unit and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lena R Kaisinger
- MRC Epidemiology Unit and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Yi-Chun Loraine Tung
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Brian Yee Hong Lam
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Hsiao-Jou Cortina Chen
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Quanli Wang
- Centre for Genomics Research, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jaime Berumen-Campos
- Experimental Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Copilco Universidad, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Pablo Kuri-Morales
- Experimental Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Copilco Universidad, Mexico City, Mexico
- Instituto Tecnológico de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, Tecnológico, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Roberto Tapia-Conyer
- Experimental Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Copilco Universidad, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jesus Alegre-Diaz
- Experimental Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Copilco Universidad, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Inês Barroso
- Exeter Centre of Excellence for Diabetes Research (EXCEED), University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Jonathan Emberson
- MRC Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jason M Torres
- MRC Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Rory Collins
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Danish Saleheen
- Center for Non-Communicable Diseases, Karachi, Pakistan
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Katherine R Smith
- Centre for Genomics Research, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Dirk S Paul
- Centre for Genomics Research, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Florian Merkle
- Institute of Metabolic Science and Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - I Sadaf Farooqi
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nick J Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Slavé Petrovski
- Centre for Genomics Research, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Stephen O'Rahilly
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ken K Ong
- MRC Epidemiology Unit and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Giles S H Yeo
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - John R B Perry
- MRC Epidemiology Unit and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK.
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK.
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4
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Radford EJ, Tan HK, Andersson MHL, Stephenson JD, Gardner EJ, Ironfield H, Waters AJ, Gitterman D, Lindsay S, Abascal F, Martincorena I, Kolesnik-Taylor A, Ng-Cordell E, Firth HV, Baker K, Perry JRB, Adams DJ, Gerety SS, Hurles ME. Saturation genome editing of DDX3X clarifies pathogenicity of germline and somatic variation. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7702. [PMID: 38057330 PMCID: PMC10700591 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43041-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Loss-of-function of DDX3X is a leading cause of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD) in females. DDX3X is also a somatically mutated cancer driver gene proposed to have tumour promoting and suppressing effects. We perform saturation genome editing of DDX3X, testing in vitro the functional impact of 12,776 nucleotide variants. We identify 3432 functionally abnormal variants, in three distinct classes. We train a machine learning classifier to identify functionally abnormal variants of NDD-relevance. This classifier has at least 97% sensitivity and 99% specificity to detect variants pathogenic for NDD, substantially out-performing in silico predictors, and resolving up to 93% of variants of uncertain significance. Moreover, functionally-abnormal variants can account for almost all of the excess nonsynonymous DDX3X somatic mutations seen in DDX3X-driven cancers. Systematic maps of variant effects generated in experimentally tractable cell types have the potential to transform clinical interpretation of both germline and somatic disease-associated variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth J Radford
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, UK
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Level 8, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Hong-Kee Tan
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, UK
| | | | | | - Eugene J Gardner
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Elise Ng-Cordell
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Helen V Firth
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, UK
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kate Baker
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - John R B Perry
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
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5
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Wilcox N, Dumont M, González-Neira A, Carvalho S, Joly Beauparlant C, Crotti M, Luccarini C, Soucy P, Dubois S, Nuñez-Torres R, Pita G, Gardner EJ, Dennis J, Alonso MR, Álvarez N, Baynes C, Collin-Deschesnes AC, Desjardins S, Becher H, Behrens S, Bolla MK, Castelao JE, Chang-Claude J, Cornelissen S, Dörk T, Engel C, Gago-Dominguez M, Guénel P, Hadjisavvas A, Hahnen E, Hartman M, Herráez B, Jung A, Keeman R, Kiechle M, Li J, Loizidou MA, Lush M, Michailidou K, Panayiotidis MI, Sim X, Teo SH, Tyrer JP, van der Kolk LE, Wahlström C, Wang Q, Perry JRB, Benitez J, Schmidt MK, Schmutzler RK, Pharoah PDP, Droit A, Dunning AM, Kvist A, Devilee P, Easton DF, Simard J. Author Correction: Exome sequencing identifies breast cancer susceptibility genes and defines the contribution of coding variants to breast cancer risk. Nat Genet 2023; 55:2009. [PMID: 37752376 PMCID: PMC10632125 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-023-01549-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Wilcox
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Martine Dumont
- Genomics Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Anna González-Neira
- Human Genotyping Unit-CeGen, Human Cancer Genetics Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Carvalho
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Charles Joly Beauparlant
- Genomics Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marco Crotti
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Craig Luccarini
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Penny Soucy
- Genomics Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Stéphane Dubois
- Genomics Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Rocio Nuñez-Torres
- Human Genotyping Unit-CeGen, Human Cancer Genetics Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillermo Pita
- Human Genotyping Unit-CeGen, Human Cancer Genetics Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Eugene J Gardner
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Joe Dennis
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - M Rosario Alonso
- Human Genotyping Unit-CeGen, Human Cancer Genetics Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Nuria Álvarez
- Human Genotyping Unit-CeGen, Human Cancer Genetics Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Caroline Baynes
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Annie Claude Collin-Deschesnes
- Genomics Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sylvie Desjardins
- Genomics Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Heiko Becher
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sabine Behrens
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Manjeet K Bolla
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jose E Castelao
- Oncology and Genetics Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur (IISGS), Xerencia de Xestion Integrada de Vigo-SERGAS, Vigo, Spain
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Cancer Epidemiology Group, University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sten Cornelissen
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Thilo Dörk
- Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christoph Engel
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- LIFE-Leipzig Research Centre for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Manuela Gago-Dominguez
- Cancer Genetics and Epidemiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS) Foundation, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago, SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Pascal Guénel
- Team 'Exposome and Heredity,' CESP, Gustave Roussy, INSERM, University Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Villejuif, France
| | - Andreas Hadjisavvas
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Therapeutics and Ultrastructural Pathology, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Eric Hahnen
- Center for Familial Breast and Ovarian Cancer, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Mikael Hartman
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore City, Singapore
- Department of Surgery, National University Health System, Singapore City, Singapore
- Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Belén Herráez
- Human Genotyping Unit-CeGen, Human Cancer Genetics Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Audrey Jung
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Renske Keeman
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marion Kiechle
- Division of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Jingmei Li
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore City, Singapore.
| | - Maria A Loizidou
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Therapeutics and Ultrastructural Pathology, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Michael Lush
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kyriaki Michailidou
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Biostatistics Unit, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Mihalis I Panayiotidis
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Therapeutics and Ultrastructural Pathology, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Xueling Sim
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Soo Hwang Teo
- Breast Cancer Research Programme, Cancer Research Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, UM Cancer Research Institute, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jonathan P Tyrer
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lizet E van der Kolk
- Family Cancer Clinic, The Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Cecilia Wahlström
- Division of Oncology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Qin Wang
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - John R B Perry
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Javier Benitez
- Human Genetics Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marjanka K Schmidt
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Division of Psychosocial Research and Epidemiology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rita K Schmutzler
- Center for Familial Breast and Ovarian Cancer, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Paul D P Pharoah
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Arnaud Droit
- Genomics Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec City, Quebec, Canada
- Département de Médecine Moléculaire, Faculté de Médecine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec Research Center, Laval University, Québec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alison M Dunning
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Anders Kvist
- Division of Oncology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Peter Devilee
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Douglas F Easton
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Jacques Simard
- Genomics Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec City, Quebec, Canada
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6
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Brown DW, Cato LD, Zhao Y, Nandakumar SK, Bao EL, Gardner EJ, Hubbard AK, DePaulis A, Rehling T, Song L, Yu K, Chanock SJ, Perry JRB, Sankaran VG, Machiela MJ. Shared and distinct genetic etiologies for different types of clonal hematopoiesis. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5536. [PMID: 37684235 PMCID: PMC10491829 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41315-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Clonal hematopoiesis (CH)-age-related expansion of mutated hematopoietic clones-can differ in frequency and cellular fitness by CH type (e.g., mutations in driver genes (CHIP), gains/losses and copy-neutral loss of chromosomal segments (mCAs), and loss of sex chromosomes). Co-occurring CH raises questions as to their origin, selection, and impact. We integrate sequence and genotype array data in up to 482,378 UK Biobank participants to demonstrate shared genetic architecture across CH types. Our analysis suggests a cellular evolutionary trade-off between different types of CH, with LOY occurring at lower rates in individuals carrying mutations in established CHIP genes. We observed co-occurrence of CHIP and mCAs with overlap at TET2, DNMT3A, and JAK2, in which CHIP precedes mCA acquisition. Furthermore, individuals carrying overlapping CH had high risk of future lymphoid and myeloid malignancies. Finally, we leverage shared genetic architecture of CH traits to identify 15 novel loci associated with leukemia risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek W Brown
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
- Cancer Prevention Fellowship Program, Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Liam D Cato
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Yajie Zhao
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Satish K Nandakumar
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Erik L Bao
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Eugene J Gardner
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Aubrey K Hubbard
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Alexander DePaulis
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Thomas Rehling
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Lei Song
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Kai Yu
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Stephen J Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - John R B Perry
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
| | - Vijay G Sankaran
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.
| | - Mitchell J Machiela
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA.
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7
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Wilcox N, Dumont M, González-Neira A, Carvalho S, Joly Beauparlant C, Crotti M, Luccarini C, Soucy P, Dubois S, Nuñez-Torres R, Pita G, Gardner EJ, Dennis J, Alonso MR, Álvarez N, Baynes C, Collin-Deschesnes AC, Desjardins S, Becher H, Behrens S, Bolla MK, Castelao JE, Chang-Claude J, Cornelissen S, Dörk T, Engel C, Gago-Dominguez M, Guénel P, Hadjisavvas A, Hahnen E, Hartman M, Herráez B, Jung A, Keeman R, Kiechle M, Li J, Loizidou MA, Lush M, Michailidou K, Panayiotidis MI, Sim X, Teo SH, Tyrer JP, van der Kolk LE, Wahlström C, Wang Q, Perry JRB, Benitez J, Schmidt MK, Schmutzler RK, Pharoah PDP, Droit A, Dunning AM, Kvist A, Devilee P, Easton DF, Simard J. Exome sequencing identifies breast cancer susceptibility genes and defines the contribution of coding variants to breast cancer risk. Nat Genet 2023; 55:1435-1439. [PMID: 37592023 PMCID: PMC10484782 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-023-01466-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Linkage and candidate gene studies have identified several breast cancer susceptibility genes, but the overall contribution of coding variation to breast cancer is unclear. To evaluate the role of rare coding variants more comprehensively, we performed a meta-analysis across three large whole-exome sequencing datasets, containing 26,368 female cases and 217,673 female controls. Burden tests were performed for protein-truncating and rare missense variants in 15,616 and 18,601 genes, respectively. Associations between protein-truncating variants and breast cancer were identified for the following six genes at exome-wide significance (P < 2.5 × 10-6): the five known susceptibility genes ATM, BRCA1, BRCA2, CHEK2 and PALB2, together with MAP3K1. Associations were also observed for LZTR1, ATR and BARD1 with P < 1 × 10-4. Associations between predicted deleterious rare missense or protein-truncating variants and breast cancer were additionally identified for CDKN2A at exome-wide significance. The overall contribution of coding variants in genes beyond the previously known genes is estimated to be small.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Wilcox
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Martine Dumont
- Genomics Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Anna González-Neira
- Human Genotyping Unit-CeGen, Human Cancer Genetics Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Carvalho
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Charles Joly Beauparlant
- Genomics Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marco Crotti
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Craig Luccarini
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Penny Soucy
- Genomics Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Stéphane Dubois
- Genomics Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Rocio Nuñez-Torres
- Human Genotyping Unit-CeGen, Human Cancer Genetics Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillermo Pita
- Human Genotyping Unit-CeGen, Human Cancer Genetics Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Eugene J Gardner
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Joe Dennis
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - M Rosario Alonso
- Human Genotyping Unit-CeGen, Human Cancer Genetics Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Nuria Álvarez
- Human Genotyping Unit-CeGen, Human Cancer Genetics Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Caroline Baynes
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Annie Claude Collin-Deschesnes
- Genomics Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sylvie Desjardins
- Genomics Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Heiko Becher
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sabine Behrens
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Manjeet K Bolla
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jose E Castelao
- Oncology and Genetics Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur (IISGS), Xerencia de Xestion Integrada de Vigo-SERGAS, Vigo, Spain
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Cancer Epidemiology Group, University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sten Cornelissen
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Thilo Dörk
- Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christoph Engel
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- LIFE-Leipzig Research Centre for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Manuela Gago-Dominguez
- Cancer Genetics and Epidemiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS) Foundation, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago, SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Pascal Guénel
- Team 'Exposome and Heredity,' CESP, Gustave Roussy, INSERM, University Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Villejuif, France
| | - Andreas Hadjisavvas
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Therapeutics and Ultrastructural Pathology, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Eric Hahnen
- Center for Familial Breast and Ovarian Cancer, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Mikael Hartman
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore City, Singapore
- Department of Surgery, National University Health System, Singapore City, Singapore
- Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Belén Herráez
- Human Genotyping Unit-CeGen, Human Cancer Genetics Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Audrey Jung
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Renske Keeman
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marion Kiechle
- Division of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Jingmei Li
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore City, Singapore.
| | - Maria A Loizidou
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Therapeutics and Ultrastructural Pathology, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Michael Lush
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kyriaki Michailidou
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Biostatistics Unit, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Mihalis I Panayiotidis
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Therapeutics and Ultrastructural Pathology, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Xueling Sim
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Soo Hwang Teo
- Breast Cancer Research Programme, Cancer Research Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, UM Cancer Research Institute, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jonathan P Tyrer
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lizet E van der Kolk
- Family Cancer Clinic, The Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Cecilia Wahlström
- Division of Oncology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Qin Wang
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - John R B Perry
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Javier Benitez
- Human Genetics Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marjanka K Schmidt
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Division of Psychosocial Research and Epidemiology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rita K Schmutzler
- Center for Familial Breast and Ovarian Cancer, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Paul D P Pharoah
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Arnaud Droit
- Genomics Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec City, Quebec, Canada
- Département de Médecine Moléculaire, Faculté de Médecine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec Research Center, Laval University, Québec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alison M Dunning
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Anders Kvist
- Division of Oncology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Peter Devilee
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Douglas F Easton
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Jacques Simard
- Genomics Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec City, Quebec, Canada
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8
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Kaisinger LR, Kentistou KA, Stankovic S, Gardner EJ, Day FR, Zhao Y, Mörseburg A, Carnie CJ, Zagnoli-Vieira G, Puddu F, Jackson SP, O’Rahilly S, Farooqi IS, Dearden L, Pantaleão LC, Ozanne SE, Ong KK, Perry JR. Large-scale exome sequence analysis identifies sex- and age-specific determinants of obesity. Cell Genom 2023; 3:100362. [PMID: 37601970 PMCID: PMC10435378 DOI: 10.1016/j.xgen.2023.100362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Obesity contributes substantially to the global burden of disease and has a significant heritable component. Recent large-scale exome sequencing studies identified several genes in which rare, protein-coding variants have large effects on adult body mass index (BMI). Here we extended such work by performing sex-stratified associations in the UK Biobank study (N∼420,000). We identified genes in which rare heterozygous loss-of-function increases adult BMI in women (DIDO1, PTPRG, and SLC12A5) and in men (SLTM), with effect sizes up to ∼8 kg/m2. This is complemented by analyses implicating rare variants in OBSCN and MADD for recalled childhood adiposity. The known functions of these genes, as well as findings of common variant genome-wide pathway enrichment analyses, suggest a role for neuron death, apoptosis, and DNA damage response mechanisms in the susceptibility to obesity across the life-course. These findings highlight the importance of considering sex-specific and life-course effects in the genetic regulation of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena R. Kaisinger
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Katherine A. Kentistou
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Stasa Stankovic
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Eugene J. Gardner
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Felix R. Day
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Yajie Zhao
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Alexander Mörseburg
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Christopher J. Carnie
- Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Building, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Guido Zagnoli-Vieira
- Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Fabio Puddu
- Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Stephen P. Jackson
- Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Building, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Stephen O’Rahilly
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - I. Sadaf Farooqi
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Laura Dearden
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Lucas C. Pantaleão
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Susan E. Ozanne
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Ken K. Ong
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - John R.B. Perry
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
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9
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Shekari S, Stankovic S, Gardner EJ, Hawkes G, Kentistou KA, Beaumont RN, Mörseburg A, Wood AR, Prague JK, Mishra GD, Day FR, Baptista J, Wright CF, Weedon MN, Hoffmann ER, Ruth KS, Ong KK, Perry JRB, Murray A. Penetrance of pathogenic genetic variants associated with premature ovarian insufficiency. Nat Med 2023; 29:1692-1699. [PMID: 37349538 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-023-02405-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) affects 1% of women and is a leading cause of infertility. It is often considered to be a monogenic disorder, with pathogenic variants in ~100 genes described in the literature. We sought to systematically evaluate the penetrance of variants in these genes using exome sequence data in 104,733 women from the UK Biobank, 2,231 (1.14%) of whom reported at natural menopause under the age of 40 years. We found limited evidence to support any previously reported autosomal dominant effect. For nearly all heterozygous effects on previously reported POI genes, we ruled out even modest penetrance, with 99.9% (13,699 out of 13,708) of all protein-truncating variants found in reproductively healthy women. We found evidence of haploinsufficiency effects in several genes, including TWNK (1.54 years earlier menopause, P = 1.59 × 10-6) and SOHLH2 (3.48 years earlier menopause, P = 1.03 × 10-4). Collectively, our results suggest that, for the vast majority of women, POI is not caused by autosomal dominant variants either in genes previously reported or currently evaluated in clinical diagnostic panels. Our findings, plus previous studies, suggest that most POI cases are likely oligogenic or polygenic in nature, which has important implications for future clinical genetic studies, and genetic counseling for families affected by POI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleh Shekari
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Stasa Stankovic
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Eugene J Gardner
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Gareth Hawkes
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Katherine A Kentistou
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Robin N Beaumont
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Alexander Mörseburg
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andrew R Wood
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Julia K Prague
- Exeter Centre of Excellence for Diabetes Research, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
- Macleod Diabetes and Endocrinology Centre, Royal Devon and Exeter National Health Service Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK
| | - Gita D Mishra
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Felix R Day
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Julia Baptista
- Peninsula Medical School, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
| | - Caroline F Wright
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Michael N Weedon
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Eva R Hoffmann
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, DNRF Center for Chromosome Stability, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Katherine S Ruth
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Ken K Ong
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - John R B Perry
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Anna Murray
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.
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Kentistou KA, Kaisinger LR, Stankovic S, Vaudel M, de Oliveira EM, Messina A, Walters RG, Liu X, Busch AS, Helgason H, Thompson DJ, Santon F, Petricek KM, Zouaghi Y, Huang-Doran I, Gudbjartsson DF, Bratland E, Lin K, Gardner EJ, Zhao Y, Jia R, Terao C, Riggan M, Bolla MK, Yazdanpanah M, Yazdanpanah N, Bradfield JP, Broer L, Campbell A, Chasman DI, Cousminer DL, Franceschini N, Franke LH, Girotto G, He C, Järvelin MR, Joshi PK, Kamatani Y, Karlsson R, Luan J, Lunetta KL, Mägi R, Mangino M, Medland SE, Meisinger C, Noordam R, Nutile T, Concas MP, Polašek O, Porcu E, Ring SM, Sala C, Smith AV, Tanaka T, van der Most PJ, Vitart V, Wang CA, Willemsen G, Zygmunt M, Ahearn TU, Andrulis IL, Anton-Culver H, Antoniou AC, Auer PL, Barnes CLK, Beckmann MW, Berrington A, Bogdanova NV, Bojesen SE, Brenner H, Buring JE, Canzian F, Chang-Claude J, Couch FJ, Cox A, Crisponi L, Czene K, Daly MB, Demerath EW, Dennis J, Devilee P, Vivo ID, Dörk T, Dunning AM, Dwek M, Eriksson JG, Fasching PA, Fernandez-Rhodes L, Ferreli L, Fletcher O, Gago-Dominguez M, García-Closas M, García-Sáenz JA, González-Neira A, Grallert H, Guénel P, Haiman CA, Hall P, Hamann U, Hakonarson H, Hart RJ, Hickey M, Hooning MJ, Hoppe R, Hopper JL, Hottenga JJ, Hu FB, Hübner H, Hunter DJ, Jernström H, John EM, Karasik D, Khusnutdinova EK, Kristensen VN, Lacey JV, Lambrechts D, Launer LJ, Lind PA, Lindblom A, Magnusson PKE, Mannermaa A, McCarthy MI, Meitinger T, Menni C, Michailidou K, Millwood IY, Milne RL, Montgomery GW, Nevanlinna H, Nolte IM, Nyholt DR, Obi N, O’Brien KM, Offit K, Oldehinkel AJ, Ostrowski SR, Palotie A, Pedersen OB, Peters A, Pianigiani G, Plaseska-Karanfilska D, Pouta A, Pozarickij A, Radice P, Rennert G, Rosendaal FR, Ruggiero D, Saloustros E, Sandler DP, Schipf S, Schmidt CO, Schmidt MK, Small K, Spedicati B, Stampfer M, Stone J, Tamimi RM, Teras LR, Tikkanen E, Turman C, Vachon CM, Wang Q, Winqvist R, Wolk A, Zemel BS, Zheng W, van Dijk KW, Alizadeh BZ, Bandinelli S, Boerwinkle E, Boomsma DI, Ciullo M, Chenevix-Trench G, Cucca F, Esko T, Gieger C, Grant SFA, Gudnason V, Hayward C, Kolčić I, Kraft P, Lawlor DA, Martin NG, Nøhr EA, Pedersen NL, Pennell CE, Ridker PM, Robino A, Snieder H, Sovio U, Spector TD, Stöckl D, Sudlow C, Timpson NJ, Toniolo D, Uitterlinden A, Ulivi S, Völzke H, Wareham NJ, Widen E, Wilson JF, Pharoah PDP, Li L, Easton DF, Njølstad P, Sulem P, Murabito JM, Murray A, Manousaki D, Juul A, Erikstrup C, Stefansson K, Horikoshi M, Chen Z, Farooqi IS, Pitteloud N, Johansson S, Day FR, Perry JRB, Ong KK. Understanding the genetic complexity of puberty timing across the allele frequency spectrum. medRxiv 2023:2023.06.14.23291322. [PMID: 37503126 PMCID: PMC10371120 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.14.23291322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Pubertal timing varies considerably and has been associated with a range of health outcomes in later life. To elucidate the underlying biological mechanisms, we performed multi-ancestry genetic analyses in ~800,000 women, identifying 1,080 independent signals associated with age at menarche. Collectively these loci explained 11% of the trait variance in an independent sample, with women at the top and bottom 1% of polygenic risk exhibiting a ~11 and ~14-fold higher risk of delayed and precocious pubertal development, respectively. These common variant analyses were supported by exome sequence analysis of ~220,000 women, identifying several genes, including rare loss of function variants in ZNF483 which abolished the impact of polygenic risk. Next, we implicated 660 genes in pubertal development using a combination of in silico variant-to-gene mapping approaches and integration with dynamic gene expression data from mouse embryonic GnRH neurons. This included an uncharacterized G-protein coupled receptor GPR83, which we demonstrate amplifies signaling of MC3R, a key sensor of nutritional status. Finally, we identified several genes, including ovary-expressed genes involved in DNA damage response that co-localize with signals associated with menopause timing, leading us to hypothesize that the ovarian reserve might signal centrally to trigger puberty. Collectively these findings extend our understanding of the biological complexity of puberty timing and highlight body size dependent and independent mechanisms that potentially link reproductive timing to later life disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A Kentistou
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 285 Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Lena R Kaisinger
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 285 Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Stasa Stankovic
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 285 Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Marc Vaudel
- Mohn Center for Diabetes Precision Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, NO-5020, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Health Data and Digitalization, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, NO-0213, Oslo, Norway
| | - Edson M de Oliveira
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andrea Messina
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Robin G Walters
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK
- MRC Population Health Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Xiaoxi Liu
- Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Alexander S Busch
- Department of General Pediatrics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Deptartment of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hannes Helgason
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
- School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Deborah J Thompson
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Federico Santon
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Konstantin M Petricek
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Pharmacology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yassine Zouaghi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Isabel Huang-Doran
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Daniel F Gudbjartsson
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
- School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Eirik Bratland
- Mohn Center for Diabetes Precision Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, NO-5020, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, NO-5021, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kuang Lin
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Eugene J Gardner
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 285 Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Yajie Zhao
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 285 Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Raina Jia
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 285 Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Chikashi Terao
- Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Clinical Research Center, Shizuoka General Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
- The Department of Applied Genetics, The School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Margie Riggan
- Department of Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Manjeet K Bolla
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Mojgan Yazdanpanah
- Research Center of the Sainte-Justine University Hospital, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nahid Yazdanpanah
- Research Center of the Sainte-Justine University Hospital, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jonath P Bradfield
- Quantinuum Research, Wayne, PA, USA
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Linda Broer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Archie Campbell
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics & Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Daniel I Chasman
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Diana L Cousminer
- Division of Human Genetics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nora Franceschini
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Lude H Franke
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Giorgia Girotto
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health – IRCCS ‘‘Burlo Garofolo”, Trieste, Italy
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Chunyan He
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Big Data in Health Science, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Departments of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Sir Runrun Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Marjo-Riitta Järvelin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC Health Protection Agency (HPA) Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, UK
- Institute of Health Sciences, P.O.Box 5000, FI-90014 University of Oulu, Finland
- Biocenter Oulu, P.O.Box 5000, Aapistie 5A, FI-90014 University of Oulu, Finland
- Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Kajaanintie 50, P.O.Box 20, FI-90220 Oulu, 90029 OYS, Finland
- Department of Children and Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Aapistie 1, Box 310, FI-90101 Oulu, Finland
| | - Peter K Joshi
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, Scotland
| | - Yoichiro Kamatani
- Laboratory of Complex Trait Genomics, Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Robert Karlsson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jian’an Luan
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 285 Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Kathryn L Lunetta
- Boston University School of Public Health, Department of Biostatistics. Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA
- NHLBI’s and Boston University’s Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts 01702-5827, USA
| | - Reedik Mägi
- Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Massimo Mangino
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy’s and St. Thomas’ Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Sarah E Medland
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Psychology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Christa Meisinger
- Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, University of Augsburg, University Hospital of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Raymond Noordam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Teresa Nutile
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics “A. Buzzati-Traverso”, CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Pina Concas
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health – IRCCS ‘‘Burlo Garofolo”, Trieste, Italy
| | - Ozren Polašek
- University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
- Algebra University College, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Eleonora Porcu
- Institute of Genetics and Biomedical Research, National Research Council, Cagliari, Sardinia 09042, Italy
- University of Sassari, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Sassari, Sassari 07100, Italy
| | - Susan M Ring
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, UK
- Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, UK
| | - Cinzia Sala
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffele Hospital, Milano, Italy
| | - Albert V Smith
- Icelandic Heart Association, 201 Kopavogur, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Toshiko Tanaka
- National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Peter J van der Most
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Veronique Vitart
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Carol A Wang
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales 2308, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales 2305, Australia
| | - Gonneke Willemsen
- Dept of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam; Amsterdam Public Health (APH) research institute, The Netherlands
| | - Marek Zygmunt
- Clinic of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Medicine Greifswald, Germany
| | - Thomas U Ahearn
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Irene L Andrulis
- Fred A. Litwin Center for Cancer Genetics Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics University of Toronto Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hoda Anton-Culver
- Department of Medicine, Genetic Epidemiology Research Institute University of California Irvine Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Antonis C Antoniou
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Paul L Auer
- Division of Biostatistics, Institute for Health and Equity, and Cancer Center Medical College of Wisconsin Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Catriona LK Barnes
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, Scotland
| | - Matthias W Beckmann
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Amy Berrington
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Natalia V Bogdanova
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- N.N. Alexandrov Research Institute of Oncology and Medical Radiology, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Stig E Bojesen
- Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Preventive Oncology German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julie E Buring
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Federico Canzian
- Genomic Epidemiology Group German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Cancer Epidemiology Group, University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH) University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Fergus J Couch
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Angela Cox
- Sheffield Institute for Nucleic Acids (SInFoNiA), Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Laura Crisponi
- Institute of Genetics and Biomedical Research, National Research Council, Cagliari, Sardinia 09042, Italy
| | - Kamila Czene
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mary B Daly
- Department of Clinical Genetics Fox Chase Cancer Center Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ellen W Demerath
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, USA
| | - Joe Dennis
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Peter Devilee
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Immaculata De Vivo
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Thilo Dörk
- Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Alison M Dunning
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Miriam Dwek
- School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, UK
| | - Johan G Eriksson
- Department of General Practice and Primary Healthcare, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Peter A Fasching
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Liana Ferreli
- Institute of Genetics and Biomedical Research, National Research Council, Cagliari, Sardinia 09042, Italy
| | - Olivia Fletcher
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Manuela Gago-Dominguez
- Genomic Medicine Group, International Cancer Genetics and Epidemiology Group Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago, SERGAS Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Montserrat García-Closas
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - José A García-Sáenz
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clínico San Carlos Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Anna González-Neira
- Human Genotyping Unit-CeGen, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Harald Grallert
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München–German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München–German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Pascal Guénel
- Team “Exposome and Heredity”, CESP, Gustave Roussy INSERM, University Paris-Saclay, UVSQ Villejuif, France
| | - Christopher A Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Per Hall
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Oncology, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ute Hamann
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Human Genetics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Roger J Hart
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Western Australia, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Martha Hickey
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at the University of Melbourne and The Royal Women’s Hospital, Victoria, Australia
| | - Maartje J Hooning
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Reiner Hoppe
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany
- University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - John L Hopper
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jouke-Jan Hottenga
- Dept of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam; Amsterdam Public Health (APH) research institute, The Netherlands
| | - Frank B Hu
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Hanna Hübner
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - David J Hunter
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - ABCTB Investigators
- Australian Breast Cancer Tissue Bank, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Helena Jernström
- Oncology, Department of Clinical Sciences in Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Esther M John
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford, CA, USA
| | - David Karasik
- Hebrew SeniorLife Institute for Aging Research, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Elza K Khusnutdinova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Russia
- Department of Genetics and Fundamental Medicine, Bashkir State University, Ufa, Russia
| | - Vessela N Kristensen
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - James V Lacey
- Department of Computational and Quantitative Medicine, City of Hope Duarte, CA, USA
- City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, City of Hope Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Diether Lambrechts
- Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- VIB Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lenore J Launer
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA
| | - Penelope A Lind
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Annika Lindblom
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Patrik KE Magnusson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Arto Mannermaa
- Translational Cancer Research Area, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mark I McCarthy
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology, & Metabolism, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, OX3 7LE Oxford, UK
| | - Thomas Meitinger
- Institute of Human Genetics, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Cristina Menni
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Kyriaki Michailidou
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
- Biostatistics Unit, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Iona Y Millwood
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK
- MRC Population Health Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Roger L Milne
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Grant W Montgomery
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Heli Nevanlinna
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ilja M Nolte
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dale R Nyholt
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nadia Obi
- Institute for Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Katie M O’Brien
- Epidemiology Branch National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Kenneth Offit
- Clinical Genetics Research Lab, Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York, NY, USA
- Clinical Genetics Service, Department of Medicine Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York, NY, USA
| | - Albertine J Oldehinkel
- Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sisse R Ostrowski
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Rigshospitalet - University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of health and medical sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Aarno Palotie
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Medical and Population Genetics Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ole B Pedersen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of health and medical sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Zealand University Hospital, Køge, Denmark
| | - Annette Peters
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München–German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology - IBE, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Giulia Pianigiani
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health – IRCCS ‘‘Burlo Garofolo”, Trieste, Italy
| | - Dijana Plaseska-Karanfilska
- Research Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology “Georgi D. Efremov” MASA Skopje Republic of North Macedonia
| | - Anneli Pouta
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Finland
| | - Alfred Pozarickij
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Paolo Radice
- Unit of Molecular Bases of Genetic Risk and Genetic Testing, Department of Research Fondazione IRCCS, Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori (INT), Milan, Italy
| | - Gad Rennert
- Clalit National Cancer Control Center, Carmel Medical Center and Technion, Faculty of Medicine, Haifa, Israel
| | - Frits R Rosendaal
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Daniela Ruggiero
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics “A. Buzzati-Traverso”, CNR, Naples, Italy
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Isernia, Italy
| | | | - Dale P Sandler
- Epidemiology Branch National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Sabine Schipf
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Germany
| | - Carsten O Schmidt
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Germany
| | - Marjanka K Schmidt
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Division of Psychosocial Research and Epidemiology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kerrin Small
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Beatrice Spedicati
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Meir Stampfer
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jennifer Stone
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, School of Population and Global Health, University of Western Australia Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Rulla M Tamimi
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Department of Population Health Sciences Weill Cornell Medicine New York, NY, USA
| | - Lauren R Teras
- Department of Population Science American Cancer Society Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Emmi Tikkanen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Public Health Genomics Unit, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Constance Turman
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Celine M Vachon
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Division of Epidemiology Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Qin Wang
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Robert Winqvist
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Translational Medicine Research Unit, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Northern Finland Laboratory Centre Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Alicja Wolk
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Babette S Zemel
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Ko W van Dijk
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Behrooz Z Alizadeh
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Eric Boerwinkle
- Human Genetics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Dorret I Boomsma
- Dept of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam; Amsterdam Public Health (APH) research institute, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Reproduction & Development research institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marina Ciullo
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics “A. Buzzati-Traverso”, CNR, Naples, Italy
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Isernia, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Cucca
- Institute of Genetics and Biomedical Research, National Research Council, Cagliari, Sardinia 09042, Italy
- University of Sassari, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Sassari, Sassari 07100, Italy
| | - Tõnu Esko
- Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Christian Gieger
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München–German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München–German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Struan FA Grant
- Division of Human Genetics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Vilmundur Gudnason
- Icelandic Heart Association, 201 Kopavogur, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Caroline Hayward
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Ivana Kolčić
- University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
- Algebra University College, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Peter Kraft
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Deborah A Lawlor
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, UK
- Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, UK
| | - Nicholas G Martin
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ellen A Nøhr
- Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Odense University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Nancy L Pedersen
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Craig E Pennell
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales 2308, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales 2305, Australia
- Department of Maternity and Gynaecology, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, New South Wales 2305, Australia
| | - Paul M Ridker
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Antonietta Robino
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health – IRCCS ‘‘Burlo Garofolo”, Trieste, Italy
| | - Harold Snieder
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ulla Sovio
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC Health Protection Agency (HPA) Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, UK
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tim D Spector
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Doris Stöckl
- Gesundheitsamt Fürstenfeldbruck, Regierung von Oberbayern, Fürstenfeldbruck, Germany
| | - Cathie Sudlow
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics & Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Medical Informatics, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh
| | - Nic J Timpson
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, UK
- Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, UK
| | - Daniela Toniolo
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffele Hospital, Milano, Italy
| | - André Uitterlinden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sheila Ulivi
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health – IRCCS ‘‘Burlo Garofolo”, Trieste, Italy
| | - Henry Völzke
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Germany
| | - Nicholas J Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 285 Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Elisabeth Widen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - James F Wilson
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, Scotland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Paul DP Pharoah
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Liming Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness and Response, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Douglas F Easton
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Pål Njølstad
- Mohn Center for Diabetes Precision Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, NO-5020, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescents, Haukeland University Hospital, NO-5021, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Joanne M Murabito
- NHLBI’s and Boston University’s Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts 01702-5827, USA
- Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Section of General Internal Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Anna Murray
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, RILD Level 3, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Barrack Road, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Despoina Manousaki
- Research Center of the Sainte-Justine University Hospital, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Anders Juul
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Erikstrup
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kari Stefansson
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Momoko Horikoshi
- Laboratory for Genomics of Diabetes and Metabolism, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Zhengming Chen
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK
- MRC Population Health Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK
| | - I Sadaf Farooqi
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nelly Pitteloud
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1005, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Johansson
- Mohn Center for Diabetes Precision Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, NO-5020, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, NO-5021, Bergen, Norway
| | - Felix R Day
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 285 Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - John RB Perry
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 285 Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Ken K Ong
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 285 Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
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11
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Mathieson I, Day FR, Barban N, Tropf FC, Brazel DM, Vaez A, van Zuydam N, Bitarello BD, Gardner EJ, Akimova ET, Azad A, Bergmann S, Bielak LF, Boomsma DI, Bosak K, Brumat M, Buring JE, Cesarini D, Chasman DI, Chavarro JE, Cocca M, Concas MP, Davey Smith G, Davies G, Deary IJ, Esko T, Faul JD, Franco O, Ganna A, Gaskins AJ, Gelemanovic A, de Geus EJC, Gieger C, Girotto G, Gopinath B, Grabe HJ, Gunderson EP, Hayward C, He C, van Heemst D, Hill WD, Hoffmann ER, Homuth G, Hottenga JJ, Huang H, Hyppӧnen E, Ikram MA, Jansen R, Johannesson M, Kamali Z, Kardia SLR, Kavousi M, Kifley A, Kiiskinen T, Kraft P, Kühnel B, Langenberg C, Liew G, Lind PA, Luan J, Mägi R, Magnusson PKE, Mahajan A, Martin NG, Mbarek H, McCarthy MI, McMahon G, Medland SE, Meitinger T, Metspalu A, Mihailov E, Milani L, Missmer SA, Mitchell P, Møllegaard S, Mook-Kanamori DO, Morgan A, van der Most PJ, de Mutsert R, Nauck M, Nolte IM, Noordam R, Penninx BWJH, Peters A, Peyser PA, Polašek O, Power C, Pribisalic A, Redmond P, Rich-Edwards JW, Ridker PM, Rietveld CA, Ring SM, Rose LM, Rueedi R, Shukla V, Smith JA, Stankovic S, Stefánsson K, Stöckl D, Strauch K, Swertz MA, Teumer A, Thorleifsson G, Thorsteinsdottir U, Thurik AR, Timpson NJ, Turman C, Uitterlinden AG, Waldenberger M, Wareham NJ, Weir DR, Willemsen G, Zhao JH, Zhao W, Zhao Y, Snieder H, den Hoed M, Ong KK, Mills MC, Perry JRB. Genome-wide analysis identifies genetic effects on reproductive success and ongoing natural selection at the FADS locus. Nat Hum Behav 2023; 7:790-801. [PMID: 36864135 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-023-01528-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Identifying genetic determinants of reproductive success may highlight mechanisms underlying fertility and identify alleles under present-day selection. Using data in 785,604 individuals of European ancestry, we identified 43 genomic loci associated with either number of children ever born (NEB) or childlessness. These loci span diverse aspects of reproductive biology, including puberty timing, age at first birth, sex hormone regulation, endometriosis and age at menopause. Missense variants in ARHGAP27 were associated with higher NEB but shorter reproductive lifespan, suggesting a trade-off at this locus between reproductive ageing and intensity. Other genes implicated by coding variants include PIK3IP1, ZFP82 and LRP4, and our results suggest a new role for the melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) in reproductive biology. As NEB is one component of evolutionary fitness, our identified associations indicate loci under present-day natural selection. Integration with data from historical selection scans highlighted an allele in the FADS1/2 gene locus that has been under selection for thousands of years and remains so today. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that a broad range of biological mechanisms contribute to reproductive success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iain Mathieson
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Felix R Day
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nicola Barban
- Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Felix C Tropf
- Nuffield College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- École Nationale de la Statistique et de L'administration Économique (ENSAE), Paris, France
- Center for Research in Economics and Statistics (CREST), Paris, France
| | - David M Brazel
- Nuffield College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Leverhulme Centre for Demographic Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ahmad Vaez
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Bioinformatics, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Natalie van Zuydam
- Beijer Laboratory and Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University and SciLifeLab, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Bárbara D Bitarello
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Eugene J Gardner
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Evelina T Akimova
- Nuffield College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Leverhulme Centre for Demographic Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ajuna Azad
- DNRF Center for Chromosome Stability, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sven Bergmann
- Department of Computational Biology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Lawrence F Bielak
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Dorret I Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Reproduction and Development (AR&D) Research Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Marco Brumat
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Julie E Buring
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David Cesarini
- Department of Economics, New York University, New York, NY, USA
- Research Institute for Industrial Economics, Stockholm, Sweden
- National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Daniel I Chasman
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jorge E Chavarro
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Massimiliano Cocca
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS 'Burlo Garofolo', Trieste, Italy
| | - Maria Pina Concas
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS 'Burlo Garofolo', Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Gail Davies
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ian J Deary
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Tõnu Esko
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jessica D Faul
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Oscar Franco
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Andrea Ganna
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Audrey J Gaskins
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Eco J C de Geus
- Department of Biological Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Christian Gieger
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Giorgia Girotto
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS 'Burlo Garofolo', Trieste, Italy
| | - Bamini Gopinath
- Centre for Vision Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research and Department of Ophthalmology, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Hans Jörgen Grabe
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Erica P Gunderson
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Caroline Hayward
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Chunyan He
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Diana van Heemst
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - W David Hill
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Eva R Hoffmann
- DNRF Center for Chromosome Stability, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Georg Homuth
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jouke Jan Hottenga
- Department of Biological Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hongyang Huang
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elina Hyppӧnen
- Australian Centre for Precision Health, University of South Australia Cancer Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - M Arfan Ikram
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rick Jansen
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health and Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Magnus Johannesson
- Department of Economics, Stockholm School of Economics, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Zoha Kamali
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Bioinformatics, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sharon L R Kardia
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Maryam Kavousi
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Annette Kifley
- Centre for Vision Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research and Department of Ophthalmology, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tuomo Kiiskinen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Peter Kraft
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brigitte Kühnel
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Claudia Langenberg
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Gerald Liew
- Centre for Vision Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research and Department of Ophthalmology, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Penelope A Lind
- Psychiatric Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jian'an Luan
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Reedik Mägi
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Patrik K E Magnusson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anubha Mahajan
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Nicholas G Martin
- Genetic Epidemiology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Hamdi Mbarek
- Department of Biological Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Qatar Genome Programme, Qatar Foundation Research, Development and Innovation, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mark I McCarthy
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - George McMahon
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Sarah E Medland
- Psychiatric Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Thomas Meitinger
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Andres Metspalu
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | | | - Lili Milani
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Stacey A Missmer
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Paul Mitchell
- Centre for Vision Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research and Department of Ophthalmology, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Stine Møllegaard
- Department of Sociology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dennis O Mook-Kanamori
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Anna Morgan
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS 'Burlo Garofolo', Trieste, Italy
| | - Peter J van der Most
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Renée de Mutsert
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Matthias Nauck
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Ilja M Nolte
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Raymond Noordam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Brenda W J H Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research and Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center/GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Annette Peters
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Patricia A Peyser
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ozren Polašek
- University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
- Algebra University College, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Chris Power
- Population, Policy and Practice Research and Teaching Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | | | - Paul Redmond
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Janet W Rich-Edwards
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Women's Health, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paul M Ridker
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cornelius A Rietveld
- Erasmus University Rotterdam Institute for Behavior and Biology, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Applied Economics, Erasmus School of Economics, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Susan M Ring
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Rico Rueedi
- Department of Computational Biology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Vallari Shukla
- DNRF Center for Chromosome Stability, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jennifer A Smith
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Stasa Stankovic
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Doris Stöckl
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Konstantin Strauch
- Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics (IMBEI), University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, IBE, Faculty of Medicine, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Morris A Swertz
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Alexander Teumer
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | | | | | - A Roy Thurik
- Erasmus University Rotterdam Institute for Behavior and Biology, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Applied Economics, Erasmus School of Economics, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Montpellier Business School, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Constance Turman
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - André G Uitterlinden
- Erasmus University Rotterdam Institute for Behavior and Biology, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Melanie Waldenberger
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Nicholas J Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - David R Weir
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Gonneke Willemsen
- Department of Biological Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jing Hau Zhao
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yajie Zhao
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Harold Snieder
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marcel den Hoed
- Beijer Laboratory and Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University and SciLifeLab, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ken K Ong
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Melinda C Mills
- Nuffield College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Leverhulme Centre for Demographic Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
- Department of Economics, Econometrics and Finance, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - John R B Perry
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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12
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Wright CF, Campbell P, Eberhardt RY, Aitken S, Perrett D, Brent S, Danecek P, Gardner EJ, Chundru VK, Lindsay SJ, Andrews K, Hampstead J, Kaplanis J, Samocha KE, Middleton A, Foreman J, Hobson RJ, Parker MJ, Martin HC, FitzPatrick DR, Hurles ME, Firth HV. Genomic Diagnosis of Rare Pediatric Disease in the United Kingdom and Ireland. N Engl J Med 2023; 388:1559-1571. [PMID: 37043637 PMCID: PMC7614484 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa2209046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pediatric disorders include a range of highly penetrant, genetically heterogeneous conditions amenable to genomewide diagnostic approaches. Finding a molecular diagnosis is challenging but can have profound lifelong benefits. METHODS We conducted a large-scale sequencing study involving more than 13,500 families with probands with severe, probably monogenic, difficult-to-diagnose developmental disorders from 24 regional genetics services in the United Kingdom and Ireland. Standardized phenotypic data were collected, and exome sequencing and microarray analyses were performed to investigate novel genetic causes. We developed an iterative variant analysis pipeline and reported candidate variants to clinical teams for validation and diagnostic interpretation to inform communication with families. Multiple regression analyses were performed to evaluate factors affecting the probability of diagnosis. RESULTS A total of 13,449 probands were included in the analyses. On average, we reported 1.0 candidate variant per parent-offspring trio and 2.5 variants per singleton proband. Using clinical and computational approaches to variant classification, we made a diagnosis in approximately 41% of probands (5502 of 13,449). Of 3599 probands in trios who received a diagnosis by clinical assertion, approximately 76% had a pathogenic de novo variant. Another 22% of probands (2997 of 13,449) had variants of uncertain significance in genes that were strongly linked to monogenic developmental disorders. Recruitment in a parent-offspring trio had the largest effect on the probability of diagnosis (odds ratio, 4.70; 95% confidence interval [CI], 4.16 to 5.31). Probands were less likely to receive a diagnosis if they were born extremely prematurely (i.e., 22 to 27 weeks' gestation; odds ratio, 0.39; 95% CI, 0.22 to 0.68), had in utero exposure to antiepileptic medications (odds ratio, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.29 to 0.67), had mothers with diabetes (odds ratio, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.41 to 0.67), or were of African ancestry (odds ratio, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.31 to 0.78). CONCLUSIONS Among probands with severe, probably monogenic, difficult-to-diagnose developmental disorders, multimodal analysis of genomewide data had good diagnostic power, even after previous attempts at diagnosis. (Funded by the Health Innovation Challenge Fund and Wellcome Sanger Institute.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline F. Wright
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, RILD Building, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Barrack Road, Exeter UK, EX2 5DW
| | - Patrick Campbell
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge UK, CB10 1SA
- Cambridge University Hospitals Foundation Trust, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge UK, CB2 0QQ
| | - Ruth Y. Eberhardt
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge UK, CB10 1SA
| | - Stuart Aitken
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetic and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh UK, EH4 2XU
| | - Daniel Perrett
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge UK, CB10 1SA
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge UK, CB10 1SD
| | - Simon Brent
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge UK, CB10 1SA
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge UK, CB10 1SD
| | - Petr Danecek
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge UK, CB10 1SA
| | - Eugene J. Gardner
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge UK, CB10 1SA
| | - V. Kartik Chundru
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge UK, CB10 1SA
| | - Sarah J. Lindsay
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge UK, CB10 1SA
| | - Katrina Andrews
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge UK, CB10 1SA
| | - Juliet Hampstead
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge UK, CB10 1SA
| | - Joanna Kaplanis
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge UK, CB10 1SA
| | - Kaitlin E. Samocha
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge UK, CB10 1SA
| | - Anna Middleton
- Wellcome Connecting Science, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK, CB10 1SA
| | - Julia Foreman
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge UK, CB10 1SA
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge UK, CB10 1SD
| | - Rachel J. Hobson
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge UK, CB10 1SA
| | - Michael J. Parker
- Wellcome Centre for Ethics and Humanities/Ethox Centre, Oxford Population Health, University of Oxford, Big Data Institute, Old Road Campus, Oxford, UK, OX3 7LF
| | - Hilary C. Martin
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge UK, CB10 1SA
| | - David R. FitzPatrick
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetic and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh UK, EH4 2XU
| | - Matthew E. Hurles
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge UK, CB10 1SA
| | - Helen V. Firth
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge UK, CB10 1SA
- Cambridge University Hospitals Foundation Trust, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge UK, CB2 0QQ
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13
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Liu A, Genovese G, Zhao Y, Pirinen M, Zekavat MM, Kentistou K, Yang Z, Yu K, Vlasschaert C, Liu X, Brown DW, Hudjashov G, Gorman B, Dennis J, Zhou W, Momozawa Y, Pyarajan S, Tuzov V, Pajuste FD, Aavikko M, Sipilä TP, Ghazal A, Huang WY, Freedman N, Song L, Gardner EJ, Sankaran VG, Palotie A, Ollila HM, Tukiainen T, Chanock SJ, Mägi R, Natarajan P, Daly MJ, Bick A, McCarroll SA, Terao C, Loh PR, Ganna A, Perry JRB, Machiela MJ. Population analyses of mosaic X chromosome loss identify genetic drivers and widespread signatures of cellular selection. medRxiv 2023:2023.01.28.23285140. [PMID: 36778285 PMCID: PMC9915812 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.28.23285140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Mosaic loss of the X chromosome (mLOX) is the most commonly occurring clonal somatic alteration detected in the leukocytes of women, yet little is known about its genetic determinants or phenotypic consequences. To address this, we estimated mLOX in >900,000 women across eight biobanks, identifying 10% of women with detectable X loss in approximately 2% of their leukocytes. Out of 1,253 diseases examined, women with mLOX had an elevated risk of myeloid and lymphoid leukemias and pneumonia. Genetic analyses identified 49 common variants influencing mLOX, implicating genes with established roles in chromosomal missegregation, cancer predisposition, and autoimmune diseases. Complementary exome-sequence analyses identified rare missense variants in FBXO10 which confer a two-fold increased risk of mLOX. A small fraction of these associations were shared with mosaic Y chromosome loss in men, suggesting different biological processes drive the formation and clonal expansion of sex chromosome missegregation events. Allelic shift analyses identified alleles on the X chromosome which are preferentially retained, demonstrating that variation at many loci across the X chromosome is under cellular selection. A novel polygenic score including 44 independent X chromosome allelic shift loci correctly inferred the retained X chromosomes in 80.7% of mLOX cases in the top decile. Collectively our results support a model where germline variants predispose women to acquiring mLOX, with the allelic content of the X chromosome possibly shaping the magnitude of subsequent clonal expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aoxing Liu
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- These authors contributed equally: Aoxing Liu, Giulio Genovese, Yajie Zhao
| | - Giulio Genovese
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Stanley Center, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- These authors contributed equally: Aoxing Liu, Giulio Genovese, Yajie Zhao
| | - Yajie Zhao
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- These authors contributed equally: Aoxing Liu, Giulio Genovese, Yajie Zhao
| | - Matti Pirinen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Publich Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maryam M Zekavat
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Katherine Kentistou
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Zhiyu Yang
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kai Yu
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | | | - Xiaoxi Liu
- Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Derek W Brown
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
- Cancer Prevention Fellowship Program, Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Georgi Hudjashov
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Bryan Gorman
- Center for Data and Computational Sciences (C-DACS), VA Cooperative Studies Program, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Booz Allen Hamilton, McLean, VA, USA
| | - Joe Dennis
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Weiyin Zhou
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Yukihide Momozawa
- Laboratory for Genotyping Development, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Saiju Pyarajan
- Center for Data and Computational Sciences (C-DACS), VA Cooperative Studies Program, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vlad Tuzov
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Fanny-Dhelia Pajuste
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Mervi Aavikko
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Timo P Sipilä
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Awaisa Ghazal
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Wen-Yi Huang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Neal Freedman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Lei Song
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Eugene J Gardner
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Vijay G Sankaran
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aarno Palotie
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Stanley Center, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hanna M Ollila
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Center of Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Taru Tukiainen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Stephen J Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Reedik Mägi
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Pradeep Natarajan
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Center of Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mark J Daly
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Stanley Center, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alexander Bick
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Steven A McCarroll
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Stanley Center, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chikashi Terao
- Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Clinical Research Center, Shizuoka General Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
- Department of Applied Genetics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Po-Ru Loh
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Data Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- These authors jointly supervised this work: Po-Ru Loh, Andrea Ganna, John R.B. Perry, Mitchell J. Machiela
| | - Andrea Ganna
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Stanley Center, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- These authors jointly supervised this work: Po-Ru Loh, Andrea Ganna, John R.B. Perry, Mitchell J. Machiela
| | - John R B Perry
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- These authors jointly supervised this work: Po-Ru Loh, Andrea Ganna, John R.B. Perry, Mitchell J. Machiela
| | - Mitchell J Machiela
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
- These authors jointly supervised this work: Po-Ru Loh, Andrea Ganna, John R.B. Perry, Mitchell J. Machiela
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14
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Gardner EJ, Kentistou KA, Stankovic S, Lockhart S, Wheeler E, Day FR, Kerrison ND, Wareham NJ, Langenberg C, O'Rahilly S, Ong KK, Perry JRB. Damaging missense variants in IGF1R implicate a role for IGF-1 resistance in the etiology of type 2 diabetes. Cell Genom 2022; 2:None. [PMID: 36530175 PMCID: PMC9750938 DOI: 10.1016/j.xgen.2022.100208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a heritable metabolic disorder. While population studies have identified hundreds of common genetic variants associated with T2D, the role of rare (frequency < 0.1%) protein-coding variation is less clear. We performed exome sequence analysis in 418,436 (n = 32,374 T2D cases) individuals in the UK Biobank. We identified previously reported genes (GCK, GIGYF1, HNF1A) in addition to missense variants in ZEB2 (n = 31 carriers; odds ratio [OR] = 5.5 [95% confidence interval = 2.5-12.0]; p = 6.4 × 10-7), MLXIPL (n = 245; OR = 2.3 [1.6-3.2]; p = 3.2 × 10-7), and IGF1R (n = 394; OR = 2.4 [1.8-3.2]; p = 1.3 × 10-10). Carriers of damaging missense variants within IGF1R were also shorter (-2.2 cm [-1.8 to -2.7]; p = 1.2 × 10-19) and had higher circulating insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) protein levels (2.3 nmol/L [1.7-2.9]; p = 2.8 × 10-14), indicating relative IGF-1 resistance. A likely causal role of IGF-1 resistance was supported by Mendelian randomization analyses using common variants. These results increase understanding of the genetic architecture of T2D and highlight the growth hormone/IGF-1 axis as a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene J Gardner
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Katherine A Kentistou
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Stasa Stankovic
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Samuel Lockhart
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Eleanor Wheeler
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Felix R Day
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nicola D Kerrison
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nicholas J Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Claudia Langenberg
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Computational Medicine, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephen O'Rahilly
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ken K Ong
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - John R B Perry
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Metabolic Research Laboratory, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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15
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Zhao Y, Gardner EJ, Tuke MA, Zhang H, Pietzner M, Koprulu M, Jia RY, Ruth KS, Wood AR, Beaumont RN, Tyrrell J, Jones SE, Lango Allen H, Day FR, Langenberg C, Frayling TM, Weedon MN, Perry JRB, Ong KK, Murray A. Detection and characterization of male sex chromosome abnormalities in the UK Biobank study. Genet Med 2022; 24:1909-1919. [PMID: 35687092 DOI: 10.1016/j.gim.2022.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The study aimed to systematically ascertain male sex chromosome abnormalities, 47,XXY (Klinefelter syndrome [KS]) and 47,XYY, and characterize their risks of adverse health outcomes. METHODS We analyzed genotyping array or exome sequence data in 207,067 men of European ancestry aged 40 to 70 years from the UK Biobank and related these to extensive routine health record data. RESULTS Only 49 of 213 (23%) of men whom we identified with KS and only 1 of 143 (0.7%) with 47,XYY had a diagnosis of abnormal karyotype on their medical records or self-report. We observed expected associations for KS with reproductive dysfunction (late puberty: risk ratio [RR] = 2.7; childlessness: RR = 4.2; testosterone concentration: RR = -3.8 nmol/L, all P < 2 × 10-8), whereas XYY men appeared to have normal reproductive function. Despite this difference, we identified several higher disease risks shared across both KS and 47,XYY, including type 2 diabetes (RR = 3.0 and 2.6, respectively), venous thrombosis (RR = 6.4 and 7.4, respectively), pulmonary embolism (RR = 3.3 and 3.7, respectively), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (RR = 4.4 and 4.6, respectively) (all P < 7 × 10-6). CONCLUSION KS and 47,XYY were mostly unrecognized but conferred substantially higher risks for metabolic, vascular, and respiratory diseases, which were only partially explained by higher levels of body mass index, deprivation, and smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Zhao
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge University, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Eugene J Gardner
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge University, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Marcus A Tuke
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Huairen Zhang
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Maik Pietzner
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge University, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Computational Medicine, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) at Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mine Koprulu
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge University, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Raina Y Jia
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge University, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Katherine S Ruth
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew R Wood
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Robin N Beaumont
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Jessica Tyrrell
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel E Jones
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Exeter, United Kingdom; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hana Lango Allen
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge University, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Felix R Day
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge University, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Claudia Langenberg
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge University, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Computational Medicine, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) at Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Timothy M Frayling
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Michael N Weedon
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - John R B Perry
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge University, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ken K Ong
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge University, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
| | - Anna Murray
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Exeter, United Kingdom.
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16
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Gardner EJ, Neville MDC, Samocha KE, Barclay K, Kolk M, Niemi MEK, Kirov G, Martin HC, Hurles ME. Reduced reproductive success is associated with selective constraint on human genes. Nature 2022; 603:858-863. [PMID: 35322230 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04549-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Genome-wide sequencing of human populations has revealed substantial variation among genes in the intensity of purifying selection acting on damaging genetic variants1. Although genes under the strongest selective constraint are highly enriched for associations with Mendelian disorders, most of these genes are not associated with disease and therefore the nature of the selection acting on them is not known2. Here we show that genetic variants that damage these genes are associated with markedly reduced reproductive success, primarily owing to increased childlessness, with a stronger effect in males than in females. We present evidence that increased childlessness is probably mediated by genetically associated cognitive and behavioural traits, which may mean that male carriers are less likely to find reproductive partners. This reduction in reproductive success may account for 20% of purifying selection against heterozygous variants that ablate protein-coding genes. Although this genetic association may only account for a very minor fraction of the overall likelihood of being childless (less than 1%), especially when compared to more influential sociodemographic factors, it may influence how genes evolve over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene J Gardner
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, Hinxton, UK.,Medical Research Council (MRC) Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Kaitlin E Samocha
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, Hinxton, UK
| | - Kieron Barclay
- Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany.,Demography Unit, Department of Sociology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.,Swedish Collegium for Advanced Study, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Martin Kolk
- Demography Unit, Department of Sociology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mari E K Niemi
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, Hinxton, UK
| | - George Kirov
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Hilary C Martin
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, Hinxton, UK
| | - Matthew E Hurles
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, Hinxton, UK.
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17
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Chuang NT, Gardner EJ, Terry DM, Crabtree J, Mahurkar AA, Rivell GL, Hong CC, Perry JA, Devine SE. Mutagenesis of human genomes by endogenous mobile elements on a population scale. Genome Res 2021; 31:2225-2235. [PMID: 34772701 PMCID: PMC8647825 DOI: 10.1101/gr.275323.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Several large-scale Illumina whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and whole-exome sequencing (WES) projects have emerged recently that have provided exceptional opportunities to discover mobile element insertions (MEIs) and study the impact of these MEIs on human genomes. However, these projects also have presented major challenges with respect to the scalability and computational costs associated with performing MEI discovery on tens or even hundreds of thousands of samples. To meet these challenges, we have developed a more efficient and scalable version of our mobile element locator tool (MELT) called CloudMELT. We then used MELT and CloudMELT to perform MEI discovery in 57,919 human genomes and exomes, leading to the discovery of 104,350 nonredundant MEIs. We leveraged this collection (1) to examine potentially active L1 source elements that drive the mobilization of new Alu, L1, and SVA MEIs in humans; (2) to examine the population distributions and subfamilies of these MEIs; and (3) to examine the mutagenesis of GENCODE genes, ENCODE-annotated features, and disease genes by these MEIs. Our study provides new insights on the L1 source elements that drive MEI mutagenesis and brings forth a better understanding of how this mutagenesis impacts human genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelson T Chuang
- Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
| | - Eugene J Gardner
- Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
| | - Diane M Terry
- Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
| | - Jonathan Crabtree
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
| | - Anup A Mahurkar
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
| | - Guillermo L Rivell
- Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
| | - Charles C Hong
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
| | - James A Perry
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
| | - Scott E Devine
- Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
- Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
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18
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Gardner EJ, Sifrim A, Lindsay SJ, Prigmore E, Rajan D, Danecek P, Gallone G, Eberhardt RY, Martin HC, Wright CF, FitzPatrick DR, Firth HV, Hurles ME. Detecting cryptic clinically relevant structural variation in exome-sequencing data increases diagnostic yield for developmental disorders. Am J Hum Genet 2021; 108:2186-2194. [PMID: 34626536 PMCID: PMC8595893 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2021.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Structural variation (SV) describes a broad class of genetic variation greater than 50 bp in size. SVs can cause a wide range of genetic diseases and are prevalent in rare developmental disorders (DDs). Individuals presenting with DDs are often referred for diagnostic testing with chromosomal microarrays (CMAs) to identify large copy-number variants (CNVs) and/or with single-gene, gene-panel, or exome sequencing (ES) to identify single-nucleotide variants, small insertions/deletions, and CNVs. However, individuals with pathogenic SVs undetectable by conventional analysis often remain undiagnosed. Consequently, we have developed the tool InDelible, which interrogates short-read sequencing data for split-read clusters characteristic of SV breakpoints. We applied InDelible to 13,438 probands with severe DDs recruited as part of the Deciphering Developmental Disorders (DDD) study and discovered 63 rare, damaging variants in genes previously associated with DDs missed by standard SNV, indel, or CNV discovery approaches. Clinical review of these 63 variants determined that about half (30/63) were plausibly pathogenic. InDelible was particularly effective at ascertaining variants between 21 and 500 bp in size and increased the total number of potentially pathogenic variants identified by DDD in this size range by 42.9%. Of particular interest were seven confirmed de novo variants in MECP2, which represent 35.0% of all de novo protein-truncating variants in MECP2 among DDD study participants. InDelible provides a framework for the discovery of pathogenic SVs that are most likely missed by standard analytical workflows and has the potential to improve the diagnostic yield of ES across a broad range of genetic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene J Gardner
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Alejandro Sifrim
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, Box 602, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Sarah J Lindsay
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Elena Prigmore
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Diana Rajan
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Petr Danecek
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Giuseppe Gallone
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Ruth Y Eberhardt
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Hilary C Martin
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Caroline F Wright
- University of Exeter Medical School, Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
| | - David R FitzPatrick
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, WGH, Edinburgh EH4 2SP, UK
| | - Helen V Firth
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK; East Anglian Medical Genetics Service, Box 134, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Matthew E Hurles
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK.
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19
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Wright CF, Quaife NM, Ramos-Hernández L, Danecek P, Ferla MP, Samocha KE, Kaplanis J, Gardner EJ, Eberhardt RY, Chao KR, Karczewski KJ, Morales J, Gallone G, Balasubramanian M, Banka S, Gompertz L, Kerr B, Kirby A, Lynch SA, Morton JEV, Pinz H, Sansbury FH, Stewart H, Zuccarelli BD, Cook SA, Taylor JC, Juusola J, Retterer K, Firth HV, Hurles ME, Lara-Pezzi E, Barton PJR, Whiffin N. Non-coding region variants upstream of MEF2C cause severe developmental disorder through three distinct loss-of-function mechanisms. Am J Hum Genet 2021; 108:1083-1094. [PMID: 34022131 PMCID: PMC8206381 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2021.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical genetic testing of protein-coding regions identifies a likely causative variant in only around half of developmental disorder (DD) cases. The contribution of regulatory variation in non-coding regions to rare disease, including DD, remains very poorly understood. We screened 9,858 probands from the Deciphering Developmental Disorders (DDD) study for de novo mutations in the 5' untranslated regions (5' UTRs) of genes within which variants have previously been shown to cause DD through a dominant haploinsufficient mechanism. We identified four single-nucleotide variants and two copy-number variants upstream of MEF2C in a total of ten individual probands. We developed multiple bespoke and orthogonal experimental approaches to demonstrate that these variants cause DD through three distinct loss-of-function mechanisms, disrupting transcription, translation, and/or protein function. These non-coding region variants represent 23% of likely diagnoses identified in MEF2C in the DDD cohort, but these would all be missed in standard clinical genetics approaches. Nonetheless, these variants are readily detectable in exome sequence data, with 30.7% of 5' UTR bases across all genes well covered in the DDD dataset. Our analyses show that non-coding variants upstream of genes within which coding variants are known to cause DD are an important cause of severe disease and demonstrate that analyzing 5' UTRs can increase diagnostic yield. We also show how non-coding variants can help inform both the disease-causing mechanism underlying protein-coding variants and dosage tolerance of the gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline F Wright
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Nicholas M Quaife
- National Heart & Lung Institute and MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK; Cardiovascular Research Centre, Royal Brompton & Harefield Hospitals NHS Trust, London SW3 6NP, UK
| | - Laura Ramos-Hernández
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Petr Danecek
- Human Genetics Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1RQ, UK
| | - Matteo P Ferla
- National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Kaitlin E Samocha
- Human Genetics Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1RQ, UK
| | - Joanna Kaplanis
- Human Genetics Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1RQ, UK
| | - Eugene J Gardner
- Human Genetics Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1RQ, UK
| | - Ruth Y Eberhardt
- Human Genetics Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1RQ, UK
| | - Katherine R Chao
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Konrad J Karczewski
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Joannella Morales
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Giuseppe Gallone
- Human Genetics Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1RQ, UK
| | - Meena Balasubramanian
- Sheffield Clinical Genetics Service, Sheffield Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield S10 2TH, UK; Academic Unit of Child Health, Department of Oncology & Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TH, UK
| | - Siddharth Banka
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Health Innovation Manchester, Manchester M13 9WL, UK; Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Lianne Gompertz
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Health Innovation Manchester, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
| | - Bronwyn Kerr
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Amelia Kirby
- Department of Pediatrics, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Sally A Lynch
- UCD Academic Centre on Rare Diseases, School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University College Dublin, and Clinical Genetics, Temple Street Children's University Hospital, Dublin D01 XD99, Ireland
| | - Jenny E V Morton
- West Midlands Regional Clinical Genetics Service and Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham B4 6NH, UK
| | - Hailey Pinz
- Department of Pediatrics, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Francis H Sansbury
- All Wales Medical Genomics Service, NHS Wales Cardiff and Vale University Health Board, Institute of Medical Genetics, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff CF14 4AY, UK
| | - Helen Stewart
- Oxford Centre for Genomic Medicine, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Britton D Zuccarelli
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas School of Medicine-Salina Campus, Salina, KS 67401, USA
| | - Stuart A Cook
- National Heart & Lung Institute and MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Jenny C Taylor
- National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | | | | | - Helen V Firth
- Human Genetics Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1RQ, UK; East Anglian Medical Genetics Service, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Matthew E Hurles
- Human Genetics Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1RQ, UK
| | - Enrique Lara-Pezzi
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain; CIBER de enfermedades CardioVasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Paul J R Barton
- National Heart & Lung Institute and MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK; Cardiovascular Research Centre, Royal Brompton & Harefield Hospitals NHS Trust, London SW3 6NP, UK
| | - Nicola Whiffin
- Human Genetics Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1RQ, UK; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK.
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20
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Martin HC, Gardner EJ, Samocha KE, Kaplanis J, Akawi N, Sifrim A, Eberhardt RY, Tavares ALT, Neville MDC, Niemi MEK, Gallone G, McRae J, Wright CF, FitzPatrick DR, Firth HV, Hurles ME. The contribution of X-linked coding variation to severe developmental disorders. Nat Commun 2021; 12:627. [PMID: 33504798 PMCID: PMC7840967 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20852-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Over 130 X-linked genes have been robustly associated with developmental disorders, and X-linked causes have been hypothesised to underlie the higher developmental disorder rates in males. Here, we evaluate the burden of X-linked coding variation in 11,044 developmental disorder patients, and find a similar rate of X-linked causes in males and females (6.0% and 6.9%, respectively), indicating that such variants do not account for the 1.4-fold male bias. We develop an improved strategy to detect X-linked developmental disorders and identify 23 significant genes, all of which were previously known, consistent with our inference that the vast majority of the X-linked burden is in known developmental disorder-associated genes. Importantly, we estimate that, in male probands, only 13% of inherited rare missense variants in known developmental disorder-associated genes are likely to be pathogenic. Our results demonstrate that statistical analysis of large datasets can refine our understanding of modes of inheritance for individual X-linked disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilary C Martin
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK.
| | | | | | - Joanna Kaplanis
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Nadia Akawi
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Alejandro Sifrim
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Ana Lisa Taylor Tavares
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
- Genomics England, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | | | - Mari E K Niemi
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Tukholmankatu 8, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland
| | - Giuseppe Gallone
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Ihnestraße 63, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jeremy McRae
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
- Illumina Inc., 5200 Illumina Way, San Diego, CA, 92122, USA
| | - Caroline F Wright
- Institute of Biomedical & Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - David R FitzPatrick
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Helen V Firth
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
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21
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Kaplanis J, Samocha KE, Wiel L, Zhang Z, Arvai KJ, Eberhardt RY, Gallone G, Lelieveld SH, Martin HC, McRae JF, Short PJ, Torene RI, de Boer E, Danecek P, Gardner EJ, Huang N, Lord J, Martincorena I, Pfundt R, Reijnders MRF, Yeung A, Yntema HG, Vissers LELM, Juusola J, Wright CF, Brunner HG, Firth HV, FitzPatrick DR, Barrett JC, Hurles ME, Gilissen C, Retterer K. Evidence for 28 genetic disorders discovered by combining healthcare and research data. Nature 2020; 586:757-762. [PMID: 33057194 PMCID: PMC7116826 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2832-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
De novo mutations in protein-coding genes are a well-established cause of developmental disorders1. However, genes known to be associated with developmental disorders account for only a minority of the observed excess of such de novo mutations1,2. Here, to identify previously undescribed genes associated with developmental disorders, we integrate healthcare and research exome-sequence data from 31,058 parent-offspring trios of individuals with developmental disorders, and develop a simulation-based statistical test to identify gene-specific enrichment of de novo mutations. We identified 285 genes that were significantly associated with developmental disorders, including 28 that had not previously been robustly associated with developmental disorders. Although we detected more genes associated with developmental disorders, much of the excess of de novo mutations in protein-coding genes remains unaccounted for. Modelling suggests that more than 1,000 genes associated with developmental disorders have not yet been described, many of which are likely to be less penetrant than the currently known genes. Research access to clinical diagnostic datasets will be critical for completing the map of genes associated with developmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Kaplanis
- Human Genetics Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Kaitlin E Samocha
- Human Genetics Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Laurens Wiel
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Centre for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Ruth Y Eberhardt
- Human Genetics Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Giuseppe Gallone
- Human Genetics Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Stefan H Lelieveld
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Hilary C Martin
- Human Genetics Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Jeremy F McRae
- Human Genetics Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Patrick J Short
- Human Genetics Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | | | - Elke de Boer
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Petr Danecek
- Human Genetics Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Eugene J Gardner
- Human Genetics Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Ni Huang
- Human Genetics Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Jenny Lord
- Human Genetics Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
- Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Iñigo Martincorena
- Human Genetics Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Rolph Pfundt
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Margot R F Reijnders
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Alison Yeung
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Helger G Yntema
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Lisenka E L M Vissers
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Caroline F Wright
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Exeter, UK
| | - Han G Brunner
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- MHENS School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Helen V Firth
- Human Genetics Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
- East Anglian Medical Genetics Service, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - David R FitzPatrick
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jeffrey C Barrett
- Human Genetics Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Matthew E Hurles
- Human Genetics Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK.
| | - Christian Gilissen
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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22
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Gardner EJ, Prigmore E, Gallone G, Danecek P, Samocha KE, Handsaker J, Gerety SS, Ironfield H, Short PJ, Sifrim A, Singh T, Chandler KE, Clement E, Lachlan KL, Prescott K, Rosser E, FitzPatrick DR, Firth HV, Hurles ME. Contribution of retrotransposition to developmental disorders. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4630. [PMID: 31604926 PMCID: PMC6789007 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12520-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mobile genetic Elements (MEs) are segments of DNA which can copy themselves and other transcribed sequences through the process of retrotransposition (RT). In humans several disorders have been attributed to RT, but the role of RT in severe developmental disorders (DD) has not yet been explored. Here we identify RT-derived events in 9738 exome sequenced trios with DD-affected probands. We ascertain 9 de novo MEs, 4 of which are likely causative of the patient's symptoms (0.04%), as well as 2 de novo gene retroduplications. Beyond identifying likely diagnostic RT events, we estimate genome-wide germline ME mutation rate and selective constraint and demonstrate that coding RT events have signatures of purifying selection equivalent to those of truncating mutations. Overall, our analysis represents a comprehensive interrogation of the impact of retrotransposition on protein coding genes and a framework for future evolutionary and disease studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene J Gardner
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Elena Prigmore
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Giuseppe Gallone
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Petr Danecek
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Kaitlin E Samocha
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Juliet Handsaker
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Sebastian S Gerety
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Holly Ironfield
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Patrick J Short
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Alejandro Sifrim
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, Box 602, Leuven, B-3000, Belgium
| | - Tarjinder Singh
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Kate E Chandler
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, Greater, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK
| | - Emma Clement
- Department of Clinical Genetics, North East Thames Regional Genetics Service, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, Holborn, London, WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - Katherine L Lachlan
- Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, Southampton University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Princess Anne Hospital, Southampton, SO16 5YA, UK.,Faculty of Medicine, Human Development and Health, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Katrina Prescott
- Clinical Genetics Department, Yorkshire Regional Genetics Service, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds, LS7 4SA, UK
| | - Elisabeth Rosser
- Department of Clinical Genetics, North East Thames Regional Genetics Service, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, Holborn, London, WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - David R FitzPatrick
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, University of Edinburgh, WGH, Edinburgh, EH4 2SP, UK
| | - Helen V Firth
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, UK.,East Anglian Medical Genetics Service, Box 134, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Matthew E Hurles
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, UK.
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23
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Gardner EJ, Lam VK, Harris DN, Chuang NT, Scott EC, Pittard WS, Mills RE, Devine SE. The Mobile Element Locator Tool (MELT): population-scale mobile element discovery and biology. Genome Res 2017; 27:1916-1929. [PMID: 28855259 PMCID: PMC5668948 DOI: 10.1101/gr.218032.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Mobile element insertions (MEIs) represent ∼25% of all structural variants in human genomes. Moreover, when they disrupt genes, MEIs can influence human traits and diseases. Therefore, MEIs should be fully discovered along with other forms of genetic variation in whole genome sequencing (WGS) projects involving population genetics, human diseases, and clinical genomics. Here, we describe the Mobile Element Locator Tool (MELT), which was developed as part of the 1000 Genomes Project to perform MEI discovery on a population scale. Using both Illumina WGS data and simulations, we demonstrate that MELT outperforms existing MEI discovery tools in terms of speed, scalability, specificity, and sensitivity, while also detecting a broader spectrum of MEI-associated features. Several run modes were developed to perform MEI discovery on local and cloud systems. In addition to using MELT to discover MEIs in modern humans as part of the 1000 Genomes Project, we also used it to discover MEIs in chimpanzees and ancient (Neanderthal and Denisovan) hominids. We detected diverse patterns of MEI stratification across these populations that likely were caused by (1) diverse rates of MEI production from source elements, (2) diverse patterns of MEI inheritance, and (3) the introgression of ancient MEIs into modern human genomes. Overall, our study provides the most comprehensive map of MEIs to date spanning chimpanzees, ancient hominids, and modern humans and reveals new aspects of MEI biology in these lineages. We also demonstrate that MELT is a robust platform for MEI discovery and analysis in a variety of experimental settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene J Gardner
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA.,Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
| | - Vincent K Lam
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA.,Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
| | - Daniel N Harris
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA.,Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
| | - Nelson T Chuang
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA.,Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
| | - Emma C Scott
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA.,Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
| | - W Stephen Pittard
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Ryan E Mills
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.,Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | | | - Scott E Devine
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA.,Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA.,Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
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24
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Scott EC, Gardner EJ, Masood A, Chuang NT, Vertino PM, Devine SE. A hot L1 retrotransposon evades somatic repression and initiates human colorectal cancer. Genome Res 2016; 26:745-55. [PMID: 27197217 PMCID: PMC4889970 DOI: 10.1101/gr.201814.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Although human LINE-1 (L1) elements are actively mobilized in many cancers, a role for somatic L1 retrotransposition in tumor initiation has not been conclusively demonstrated. Here, we identify a novel somatic L1 insertion in the APC tumor suppressor gene that provided us with a unique opportunity to determine whether such insertions can actually initiate colorectal cancer (CRC), and if so, how this might occur. Our data support a model whereby a hot L1 source element on Chromosome 17 of the patient's genome evaded somatic repression in normal colon tissues and thereby initiated CRC by mutating the APC gene. This insertion worked together with a point mutation in the second APC allele to initiate tumorigenesis through the classic two-hit CRC pathway. We also show that L1 source profiles vary considerably depending on the ancestry of an individual, and that population-specific hot L1 elements represent a novel form of cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma C Scott
- Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA; Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
| | - Eugene J Gardner
- Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA; Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
| | - Ashiq Masood
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA; Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
| | - Nelson T Chuang
- Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA; Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA; Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
| | - Paula M Vertino
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA; Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Scott E Devine
- Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA; Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA; Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
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25
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Sudmant PH, Rausch T, Gardner EJ, Handsaker RE, Abyzov A, Huddleston J, Zhang Y, Ye K, Jun G, Hsi-Yang Fritz M, Konkel MK, Malhotra A, Stütz AM, Shi X, Paolo Casale F, Chen J, Hormozdiari F, Dayama G, Chen K, Malig M, Chaisson MJP, Walter K, Meiers S, Kashin S, Garrison E, Auton A, Lam HYK, Jasmine Mu X, Alkan C, Antaki D, Bae T, Cerveira E, Chines P, Chong Z, Clarke L, Dal E, Ding L, Emery S, Fan X, Gujral M, Kahveci F, Kidd JM, Kong Y, Lameijer EW, McCarthy S, Flicek P, Gibbs RA, Marth G, Mason CE, Menelaou A, Muzny DM, Nelson BJ, Noor A, Parrish NF, Pendleton M, Quitadamo A, Raeder B, Schadt EE, Romanovitch M, Schlattl A, Sebra R, Shabalin AA, Untergasser A, Walker JA, Wang M, Yu F, Zhang C, Zhang J, Zheng-Bradley X, Zhou W, Zichner T, Sebat J, Batzer MA, McCarroll SA, Mills RE, Gerstein MB, Bashir A, Stegle O, Devine SE, Lee C, Eichler EE, Korbel JO. An integrated map of structural variation in 2,504 human genomes. Nature 2015; 526:75-81. [PMID: 26432246 PMCID: PMC4617611 DOI: 10.1038/nature15394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1359] [Impact Index Per Article: 151.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Structural variants are implicated in numerous diseases and make up the majority of varying nucleotides among human genomes. Here we describe an integrated set of eight structural variant classes comprising both balanced and unbalanced variants, which we constructed using short-read DNA sequencing data and statistically phased onto haplotype blocks in 26 human populations. Analysing this set, we identify numerous gene-intersecting structural variants exhibiting population stratification and describe naturally occurring homozygous gene knockouts that suggest the dispensability of a variety of human genes. We demonstrate that structural variants are enriched on haplotypes identified by genome-wide association studies and exhibit enrichment for expression quantitative trait loci. Additionally, we uncover appreciable levels of structural variant complexity at different scales, including genic loci subject to clusters of repeated rearrangement and complex structural variants with multiple breakpoints likely to have formed through individual mutational events. Our catalogue will enhance future studies into structural variant demography, functional impact and disease association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter H. Sudmant
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, 3720 15th Avenue NE, Seattle, 98195-5065 Washington USA
| | - Tobias Rausch
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Genome Biology Unit, Meyerhofstrasse 1, Heidelberg, 69117 Germany
| | - Eugene J. Gardner
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 801 W Baltimore Street, Baltimore, 21201 Maryland USA
| | - Robert E. Handsaker
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, Boston, 02115 Massachusetts USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, 02142 Massachusetts USA
| | - Alexej Abyzov
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, 55905 Minnesota USA
| | - John Huddleston
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, 3720 15th Avenue NE, Seattle, 98195-5065 Washington USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, 98195 Washington USA
| | - Yan Zhang
- Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, BASS 432 & 437, 266 Whitney Avenue, New Haven, 06520 Connecticut USA
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Yale University, 266 Whitney Avenue, New Haven, 06520 Connecticut USA
| | - Kai Ye
- The Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, 4444 Forest Park Avenue, St Louis, 63108 Missouri USA
- Department of Genetics, Washington University in St Louis, 4444 Forest Park Avenue, St Louis, 63108 Missouri USA
| | - Goo Jun
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, 48109 Michigan USA
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1200 Pressler St., Houston, 77030 Texas USA
| | - Markus Hsi-Yang Fritz
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Genome Biology Unit, Meyerhofstrasse 1, Heidelberg, 69117 Germany
| | - Miriam K. Konkel
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, 202 Life Sciences Building, Baton Rouge, 70803 Louisiana USA
| | - Ankit Malhotra
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, 10 Discovery 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, 06030 Connecticut USA
| | - Adrian M. Stütz
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Genome Biology Unit, Meyerhofstrasse 1, Heidelberg, 69117 Germany
| | - Xinghua Shi
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, 9201 University City Blvd., Charlotte, 28223 North Carolina USA
| | - Francesco Paolo Casale
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, CB10 1SD Cambridge UK
| | - Jieming Chen
- Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, BASS 432 & 437, 266 Whitney Avenue, New Haven, 06520 Connecticut USA
- Integrated Graduate Program in Physical and Engineering Biology, Yale University, New Haven, 06520 Connecticut USA
| | - Fereydoun Hormozdiari
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, 3720 15th Avenue NE, Seattle, 98195-5065 Washington USA
| | - Gargi Dayama
- Department of Computational Medicine & Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, 500 S. State Street, Ann Arbor, 48109 Michigan USA
| | - Ken Chen
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, 77030 Texas USA
| | - Maika Malig
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, 3720 15th Avenue NE, Seattle, 98195-5065 Washington USA
| | - Mark J. P. Chaisson
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, 3720 15th Avenue NE, Seattle, 98195-5065 Washington USA
| | - Klaudia Walter
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, CB10 1SA Cambridge UK
| | - Sascha Meiers
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Genome Biology Unit, Meyerhofstrasse 1, Heidelberg, 69117 Germany
| | - Seva Kashin
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, Boston, 02115 Massachusetts USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, 02142 Massachusetts USA
| | - Erik Garrison
- Department of Biology, Boston College, 355 Higgins Hall, 140 Commonwealth Avenue, Chestnut Hill, 02467 Massachusetts USA
| | - Adam Auton
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1301 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, 10461 New York USA
| | - Hugo Y. K. Lam
- Bina Technologies, Roche Sequencing, 555 Twin Dolphin Drive, Redwood City, 94065 California USA
| | - Xinmeng Jasmine Mu
- Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, BASS 432 & 437, 266 Whitney Avenue, New Haven, 06520 Connecticut USA
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, 02142 Massachusetts USA
| | - Can Alkan
- Department of Computer Engineering, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800 Turkey
| | - Danny Antaki
- University of California San Diego (UCSD), 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, 92093 California USA
| | - Taejeong Bae
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, 55905 Minnesota USA
| | - Eliza Cerveira
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, 10 Discovery 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, 06030 Connecticut USA
| | - Peter Chines
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, 20892 Maryland USA
| | - Zechen Chong
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, 77030 Texas USA
| | - Laura Clarke
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, CB10 1SD Cambridge UK
| | - Elif Dal
- Department of Computer Engineering, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800 Turkey
| | - Li Ding
- The Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, 4444 Forest Park Avenue, St Louis, 63108 Missouri USA
- Department of Genetics, Washington University in St Louis, 4444 Forest Park Avenue, St Louis, 63108 Missouri USA
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, 4444 Forest Park Avenue, St Louis, 63108 Missouri USA
- Siteman Cancer Center, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St Louis, 63110 Missouri USA
| | - Sarah Emery
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, 1241 Catherine Street, Ann Arbor, 48109 Michigan USA
| | - Xian Fan
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, 77030 Texas USA
| | - Madhusudan Gujral
- University of California San Diego (UCSD), 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, 92093 California USA
| | - Fatma Kahveci
- Department of Computer Engineering, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800 Turkey
| | - Jeffrey M. Kidd
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, 48109 Michigan USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, 1241 Catherine Street, Ann Arbor, 48109 Michigan USA
| | - Yu Kong
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1301 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, 10461 New York USA
| | - Eric-Wubbo Lameijer
- Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2300RA The Netherlands
| | - Shane McCarthy
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, CB10 1SA Cambridge UK
| | - Paul Flicek
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, CB10 1SD Cambridge UK
| | - Richard A. Gibbs
- Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, 77030 Texas USA
| | - Gabor Marth
- Department of Biology, Boston College, 355 Higgins Hall, 140 Commonwealth Avenue, Chestnut Hill, 02467 Massachusetts USA
| | - Christopher E. Mason
- The Department of Physiology and Biophysics and the HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, 1305 York Avenue, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, 10065 New York USA
- The Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, 413 East 69th St, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, 10065 New York USA
| | - Androniki Menelaou
- University of Oxford, 1 South Parks Road, Oxford, OX3 9DS UK
- Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, 3584 CG The Netherlands
| | - Donna M. Muzny
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine, New York School of Natural Sciences, 1428 Madison Avenue, New York, 10029 New York USA
| | - Bradley J. Nelson
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, 3720 15th Avenue NE, Seattle, 98195-5065 Washington USA
| | - Amina Noor
- University of California San Diego (UCSD), 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, 92093 California USA
| | - Nicholas F. Parrish
- Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, 606-8507 Kyoto Japan
| | - Matthew Pendleton
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine, New York School of Natural Sciences, 1428 Madison Avenue, New York, 10029 New York USA
| | - Andrew Quitadamo
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, 9201 University City Blvd., Charlotte, 28223 North Carolina USA
| | - Benjamin Raeder
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Genome Biology Unit, Meyerhofstrasse 1, Heidelberg, 69117 Germany
| | - Eric E. Schadt
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine, New York School of Natural Sciences, 1428 Madison Avenue, New York, 10029 New York USA
| | - Mallory Romanovitch
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, 10 Discovery 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, 06030 Connecticut USA
| | - Andreas Schlattl
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Genome Biology Unit, Meyerhofstrasse 1, Heidelberg, 69117 Germany
| | - Robert Sebra
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine, New York School of Natural Sciences, 1428 Madison Avenue, New York, 10029 New York USA
| | - Andrey A. Shabalin
- Center for Biomarker Research and Precision Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1112 East Clay Street, McGuire Hall, Richmond, 23298-0581 Virginia USA
| | - Andreas Untergasser
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Genome Biology Unit, Meyerhofstrasse 1, Heidelberg, 69117 Germany
- Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 282, Heidelberg, 69120 Germany
| | - Jerilyn A. Walker
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, 202 Life Sciences Building, Baton Rouge, 70803 Louisiana USA
| | - Min Wang
- Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, 77030 Texas USA
| | - Fuli Yu
- Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, 77030 Texas USA
| | - Chengsheng Zhang
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, 10 Discovery 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, 06030 Connecticut USA
| | - Jing Zhang
- Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, BASS 432 & 437, 266 Whitney Avenue, New Haven, 06520 Connecticut USA
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Yale University, 266 Whitney Avenue, New Haven, 06520 Connecticut USA
| | - Xiangqun Zheng-Bradley
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, CB10 1SD Cambridge UK
| | - Wanding Zhou
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, 77030 Texas USA
| | - Thomas Zichner
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Genome Biology Unit, Meyerhofstrasse 1, Heidelberg, 69117 Germany
| | - Jonathan Sebat
- University of California San Diego (UCSD), 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, 92093 California USA
| | - Mark A. Batzer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, 202 Life Sciences Building, Baton Rouge, 70803 Louisiana USA
| | - Steven A. McCarroll
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, Boston, 02115 Massachusetts USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, 02142 Massachusetts USA
| | - The 1000 Genomes Project Consortium
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, 3720 15th Avenue NE, Seattle, 98195-5065 Washington USA
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Genome Biology Unit, Meyerhofstrasse 1, Heidelberg, 69117 Germany
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 801 W Baltimore Street, Baltimore, 21201 Maryland USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, Boston, 02115 Massachusetts USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, 02142 Massachusetts USA
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, 55905 Minnesota USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, 98195 Washington USA
- Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, BASS 432 & 437, 266 Whitney Avenue, New Haven, 06520 Connecticut USA
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Yale University, 266 Whitney Avenue, New Haven, 06520 Connecticut USA
- The Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, 4444 Forest Park Avenue, St Louis, 63108 Missouri USA
- Department of Genetics, Washington University in St Louis, 4444 Forest Park Avenue, St Louis, 63108 Missouri USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, 48109 Michigan USA
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1200 Pressler St., Houston, 77030 Texas USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, 202 Life Sciences Building, Baton Rouge, 70803 Louisiana USA
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, 10 Discovery 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, 06030 Connecticut USA
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, 9201 University City Blvd., Charlotte, 28223 North Carolina USA
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, CB10 1SD Cambridge UK
- Integrated Graduate Program in Physical and Engineering Biology, Yale University, New Haven, 06520 Connecticut USA
- Department of Computational Medicine & Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, 500 S. State Street, Ann Arbor, 48109 Michigan USA
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, 77030 Texas USA
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, CB10 1SA Cambridge UK
- Department of Biology, Boston College, 355 Higgins Hall, 140 Commonwealth Avenue, Chestnut Hill, 02467 Massachusetts USA
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1301 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, 10461 New York USA
- Bina Technologies, Roche Sequencing, 555 Twin Dolphin Drive, Redwood City, 94065 California USA
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, 02142 Massachusetts USA
- Department of Computer Engineering, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800 Turkey
- University of California San Diego (UCSD), 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, 92093 California USA
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, 20892 Maryland USA
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, 4444 Forest Park Avenue, St Louis, 63108 Missouri USA
- Siteman Cancer Center, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St Louis, 63110 Missouri USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, 1241 Catherine Street, Ann Arbor, 48109 Michigan USA
- Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2300RA The Netherlands
- Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, 77030 Texas USA
- The Department of Physiology and Biophysics and the HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, 1305 York Avenue, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, 10065 New York USA
- The Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, 413 East 69th St, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, 10065 New York USA
- University of Oxford, 1 South Parks Road, Oxford, OX3 9DS UK
- Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, 3584 CG The Netherlands
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine, New York School of Natural Sciences, 1428 Madison Avenue, New York, 10029 New York USA
- Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, 606-8507 Kyoto Japan
- Center for Biomarker Research and Precision Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1112 East Clay Street, McGuire Hall, Richmond, 23298-0581 Virginia USA
- Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 282, Heidelberg, 69120 Germany
- Department of Computer Science, Yale University, 51 Prospect Street, New Haven, 06511 Connecticut USA
- Department of Graduate Studies – Life Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, 120-750 Seoul South Korea
| | - Ryan E. Mills
- Department of Computational Medicine & Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, 500 S. State Street, Ann Arbor, 48109 Michigan USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, 1241 Catherine Street, Ann Arbor, 48109 Michigan USA
| | - Mark B. Gerstein
- Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, BASS 432 & 437, 266 Whitney Avenue, New Haven, 06520 Connecticut USA
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Yale University, 266 Whitney Avenue, New Haven, 06520 Connecticut USA
- Department of Computer Science, Yale University, 51 Prospect Street, New Haven, 06511 Connecticut USA
| | - Ali Bashir
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine, New York School of Natural Sciences, 1428 Madison Avenue, New York, 10029 New York USA
| | - Oliver Stegle
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, CB10 1SD Cambridge UK
| | - Scott E. Devine
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 801 W Baltimore Street, Baltimore, 21201 Maryland USA
| | - Charles Lee
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, 10 Discovery 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, 06030 Connecticut USA
- Department of Graduate Studies – Life Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, 120-750 Seoul South Korea
| | - Evan E. Eichler
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, 3720 15th Avenue NE, Seattle, 98195-5065 Washington USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, 98195 Washington USA
| | - Jan O. Korbel
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Genome Biology Unit, Meyerhofstrasse 1, Heidelberg, 69117 Germany
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, CB10 1SD Cambridge UK
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Gardner EJ, Nizami ZF, Talbot CC, Gall JG. Stable intronic sequence RNA (sisRNA), a new class of noncoding RNA from the oocyte nucleus of Xenopus tropicalis. Genes Dev 2013; 26:2550-9. [PMID: 23154985 DOI: 10.1101/gad.202184.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
To compare nuclear and cytoplasmic RNA from a single cell type, free of cross-contamination, we studied the oocyte of the frog Xenopus tropicalis, a giant cell with an equally giant nucleus. We isolated RNA from manually dissected nuclei and cytoplasm of mature oocytes and subjected it to deep sequencing. Cytoplasmic mRNA consisted primarily of spliced exons derived from ∼6700 annotated genes. Nearly all of these genes were represented in the nucleus by intronic sequences. However, unspliced nascent transcripts were not detected. Inhibition of transcription or splicing for 1-2 d had little or no effect on the abundance of nuclear intronic sequences, demonstrating that they are unusually stable. RT-PCR analysis showed that these stable intronic sequences are transcribed from the coding strand and that a given intron can be processed into more than one molecule. Stable intronic sequence RNA (sisRNA) from the oocyte nucleus constitutes a new class of noncoding RNA. sisRNA is detectable by RT-PCR in samples of total RNA from embryos up to the mid-blastula stage, when zygotic transcription begins. Storage of sisRNA in the oocyte nucleus and its transmission to the developing embryo suggest that it may play important regulatory roles during oogenesis and/or early embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene J Gardner
- Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
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Abstract
Many countries set quantitative targets for added sugars, justifying this by expressing concern about the likely impact of sugar on weight control, dental health, diet quality, or metabolic syndrome. This review considers whether current intakes of sugar are harmful to health, and analyses recent literature using a systematic approach to collate, rank, and evaluate published studies from 1995-2006. Results from high quality obesity studies did not suggest a positive association between body mass index and sugar intake. Some studies, specifically on sweetened beverages, highlighted a potential concern in relation to obesity risk, although these were limited by important methodological issues. Diet adequacy appeared to be achieved across sugar intakes of 6 to 20% energy, depending on subject age. Studies on metabolic syndrome reported no adverse effects of sugar in the long-term, even at intakes of 40-50% energy. The evidence for colorectal cancer suggested an association with sugar, but this appeared to have been confounded by energy intake and glycemic load. There was no credible evidence linking sugar with attention-deficit, dementia, or depression. Regarding dental caries, combinations of sugar amount/frequency, fluoride exposure, and food adhesiveness were more reliable predictors of caries risk than the amount of sugar alone. Overall, the available evidence did not support a single quantitative sugar guideline covering all health issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H S Ruxton
- Nutrition Communications, Front Lebanon, Cupar KY15 4EA, UK.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To consider whether consumption of black tea has a positive or negative impact on health. DESIGN Databases were searched for relevant epidemiological and clinical studies published between 1990 and 2004. RESULTS Clear evidence was found for coronary heart disease (CHD), where an intake of > or = 3 cups per day related to risk reduction. The mechanism could involve the antioxidant action of tea polyphenols. While experimental models have suggested that flavonoids attenuated cancer risk, epidemiological studies failed to demonstrate a clear effect for tea, although there is moderate evidence for a slightly positive or no effect of black tea consumption on colorectal cancer. Studies on cancer were limited by sample sizes and insufficient control of confounders. There is moderate evidence suggestive of a positive effect of black tea consumption on bone mineral density although studies were few. There is little evidence to support the effect of tea on dental plaque inhibition but evidence to support the contribution of tea to fluoride intakes and thus theoretical protection against caries. There was no credible evidence that black tea (in amounts typically consumed) was harmful. Normal hydration was consistent with tea consumption when the caffeine content was < 250 mg per cup. A moderate caffeine intake from tea appeared to improve mental performance, although sample sizes were small. There was no evidence that iron status could be harmed by tea drinking unless populations were already at risk from anaemia. CONCLUSIONS There was sufficient evidence to show risk reduction for CHD at intakes of > or = 3 cups per day and for improved antioxidant status at intakes of one to six cups per day. A maximum intake of eight cups per day would minimise any risk relating to excess caffeine consumption. Black tea generally had a positive effect on health.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Gardner
- Nurtition Communications, Front Lebanon, Cupar, UK
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Major GN, Gardner EJ, Lawley PD. Direct assay for O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase and comparison of detection methods for the methylated enzyme in polyacrylamide gels and electroblots. Biochem J 1991; 277 ( Pt 1):89-96. [PMID: 1649604 PMCID: PMC1151195 DOI: 10.1042/bj2770089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We describe in detail a direct assay for the substrate-inactivated DNA-repair enzyme, O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (O6-MT), which measures the transfer of radiolabelled methyl groups from a prepared O6-methylguanine-DNA substrate to the protein fraction of an enzyme-containing cell/tissue extract. This assay, a modification of a previously suggested method for monitoring O6-ethylguanine-DNA repair [Renard, Verly, Mehta & Ludlum (1983) Eur. J. Biochem. 136, 461-467], is sensitive, highly reproducible, accurate and is, as described here and relative to previously published methods, well suited for use with a large number of test samples. We identified two problems with the O6-[Me-3H]methylguanine-DNA substrate used in the present work and in other reported assay: firstly, that of progressively higher assay backgrounds with increasing age of substrate, which was nullified by once-only purification of the double-stranded substrate by hydroxyapatite chromatography; secondly, a substrate of high specific radioactivity (30 Ci/mmol), made with freshly prepared tritiated methylnitrosourea, behaved as a substrate of 5 Ci/mmol when referenced against radiolabelled O6-methylguanine-DNA made with either [3H]- or [14C]-methylnitrosourea at the lower specific radioactivities of 1 Ci/mmol and 61 mCi/mmol respectively. This apparently stemmed from the known instability of high-specific-radioactivity [3H]methylnitrosourea and indicated that an expected increase in sensitivity of the assay does not necessarily result from increasing the specific radioactivity of substrates above approx. 1 Ci/mmol. Although O6-MT was stable to preincubation at 25 degrees C, marked losses of activity were observed at 37 degrees C, and more so at 45 degrees C. Enzyme lability at the higher temperatures was not, however, seen during preincubation in the presence of its substrate. O6-[Me-3H]methylguanine-DNA, which apparently protected O6-MT against thermal inactivation. As previously seen with other human cells and tissues, extracts of human spleen in the present study showed wide interindividual differences in O6-MT specific activity (18-fold), which spanned the range 50-900 fmol/mg of protein. Cultured human lymphoblastoid Jurkat cells contained approx. 57,000 enzyme molecules/cell. Substrate-inactivated [Me-3H]methylated O6-MT was analysed by SDS/PAGE and electroblotting. The different but similarly sized forms of this enzyme that we previously detected in human spleen [Major, Gardner, Carne & Lawley (1990) Nucleic Acids Res. 18, 1351-1359] were clearly resolved by fluorography of electroblots, but only at considerable expense of time. As expected, scintillation counting of the protein extracted from gel slices and linear-wire scanning of enzyme-associated radioactivity on electroblots were quicker methods for detecting the [Me-3H]methylated inactivated O6-MT.
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Affiliation(s)
- G N Major
- Section of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Institute of Cancer Research, Chester Beatty Laboratories, London, U.K
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Major GN, Gardner EJ, Carne AF, Lawley PD. Purification to homogeneity and partial amino acid sequence of a fragment which includes the methyl acceptor site of the human DNA repair protein for O6-methylguanine. Nucleic Acids Res 1990; 18:1351-9. [PMID: 2109306 PMCID: PMC330497 DOI: 10.1093/nar/18.6.1351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA repair by O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (O6-MT) is accomplished by removal by the enzyme of the methyl group from premutagenic O6-methylguanine-DNA, thereby restoring native guanine in DNA. The methyl group is transferred to an acceptor site cysteine thiol group in the enzyme, which causes the irreversible inactivation of O6-MT. We detected a variety of different forms of the methylated, inactivated enzyme in crude extracts of human spleen of molecular weights higher and lower than the usually observed 21-24kDa for the human O6-MT. Several apparent fragments of the methylated form of the protein were purified to homogeneity following reaction of partially-purified extract enzyme with O6-[3H-CH3]methylguanine-DNA substrate. One of these fragments yielded amino acid sequence information spanning fifteen residues, which was identified as probably belonging to human methyltransferase by virtue of both its significant sequence homology to three procaryote forms of O6-MT encoded by the ada, ogt (both from E. coli) and dat (B. subtilis) genes, and sequence position of the radiolabelled methyl group which matched the position of the conserved procaryote methyl acceptor site cysteine residue. Statistical prediction of secondary structure indicated good homologies between the human fragment and corresponding regions of the constitutive form of O6-MT in procaryotes (ogt and dat gene products), but not with the inducible ada protein, indicating the possibility that we had obtained partial amino acid sequence for a non-inducible form of the human enzyme. The identity of the fragment sequence as belonging to human methyltransferase was more recently confirmed by comparison with cDNA-derived amino acid sequence from the cloned human O6-MT gene from HeLa cells (1). The two sequences compared well, with only three out of fifteen amino acids being different (and two of them by only one nucleotide in each codon).
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Affiliation(s)
- G N Major
- Alkylation Carcinogenesis Team, Institute of Cancer Research, Chester Beatty Laboratories, London, UK
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Li JK, Moloney BK, Shupe JL, Gardner EJ, Leone NC, Elsner Y. DNA polymorphism analysis of hereditary multiple exostoses in horses. Am J Vet Res 1989; 50:978-83. [PMID: 2569854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Genomic DNA polymorphisms obtained by restriction fragment-length polymorphism from healthy horses and horses with hereditary multiple exostoses were analyzed. These DNA were digested by 12 restriction enzymes and were hybridized against 6 isotopically labeled oncogene probes. Hybridization was not detected with the viral oncogene, v-ras, which indicated this oncogene was absent in the equine genome. Oncogenes (c-raf-1, c-fes, c-myb, c-myc, and c-sis) were present and had similar hybridization patterns and signal intensities in DNA from healthy horses and horses with hereditary multiple exostoses. Unique and distinct restriction fragment-length polymorphisms were detected with the c-raf-1 probe only in BamHI- and PstI-digested equine DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Li
- Molecular Biology/Biochemistry Program, Utah State University, Logan 84322-5500
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Abstract
The analysis of nine Utah families that were ascertained for clusters of breast cancer cases is reported. Segregation analysis of an inherited susceptibility to breast cancer shows two distinct maximum likelihood solutions that have almost equal likelihood. One model indicates that most females had zero risk for breast cancer, but 10% of the female population had risks much greater than the Utah age-specific incidence rates. The other model indicates that most females have a risk defined by the Utah rates for breast cancer, but a rare dominant gene is segregating for increased susceptibility to breast cancer. Our analysis shows that linkage results under the two models are consistent in sign but not in magnitude. No evidence for linkage was found with the 14 marker loci examined. In addition to demonstrating distortion of linkage results from ignoring sporadic cases, this analysis shows the inherent difficulty of obtaining parameter estimates for segregation analysis when families are ascertained from a cluster of cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- D T Bishop
- Department of Medical Informatics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City
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Abstract
Hereditary multiple exostosis (HME), a bone tumor first described by Virchow, has been studied over a period of 15 years on a comparative basis. The horse, an excellent biomedical model for this physically deforming multiple bone tumor in man, has been utilized in this study. The etiology, hereditary pattern, potential for malignancy and other aspects of this strange affliction need additional clarification. This in-depth study of 261 individuals from 144 families was compared with that of 55 horses bearing the HME trait, selectively bred and studied over the same period. Important information has been collected and evaluated about this condition that is suspect of being frequently missed diagnostically, with a higher incidence in humans that recognized. Continuing development studies of offspring of the original study participants; sarcomatous transformation monitoring; and recently developed genetic techniques should add to our understanding of this puzzling hereditary condition.
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Traboulsi EI, Krush AJ, Gardner EJ, Booker SV, Offerhaus GJ, Yardley JH, Hamilton SR, Luk GD, Giardiello FM, Welsh SB. Prevalence and importance of pigmented ocular fundus lesions in Gardner's syndrome. N Engl J Med 1987; 316:661-7. [PMID: 3821797 DOI: 10.1056/nejm198703123161104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
We examined 134 members of 16 families with Gardner's syndrome for pigmented ocular fundus lesions. Of 41 patients with documented Gardner's syndrome, 37 (90.2 percent) had such lesions. The lesions were bilateral in 32 of the patients (78.1 percent) and in 2 of 42 controls (4.8 percent). Twenty (46.5 percent) of 43 first-degree relatives at 50 percent risk for Gardner's syndrome had bilateral pigmented fundus lesions, indicating that they had probably inherited the abnormal gene. The presence of bilateral lesions, multiple lesions (more than four), or both appeared to be a specific (specificity, 0.952) and sensitive (sensitivity, 0.780) clinical marker for Gardner's syndrome. The lesions are probably congenital; they were observed in a three-month-old baby at risk. The multiplicity of the pigmented fundus lesions and their association with diffuse disturbances of the retinal pigment epithelium in the same eye suggest a widespread expression of the abnormal gene in the retinal pigment epithelial cells.
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Burt RW, Rikkers LF, Gardner EJ, Lee RG, Tolman KG. Villous adenoma of the duodenal papilla presenting as necrotizing pancreatitis in a patient with Gardner's syndrome. Gastroenterology 1987; 92:532-5. [PMID: 3792788 DOI: 10.1016/0016-5085(87)90154-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The majority of patients with Gardner's syndrome and familial polyposis coli develop duodenal adenomatous polyps. Duodenal cancer sometimes arises in this setting, but nonmalignant problems from duodenal polyps have not been described. This report presents a patient with Gardner's syndrome who developed hemorrhagic pancreatitis and was found to have a villous adenoma encasing the pancreatic duct at the duodenal papilla. The case is important because it suggests that patients with polyposis coli may be at risk for significant nonmalignant problems from duodenal polyps, particularly if polyps exhibit villous histology and occur at the duodenal papilla.
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Warren RP, Stembridge AM, Gardner EJ. Deficient immune function of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with Gardner syndrome. Clin Exp Immunol 1985; 60:525-31. [PMID: 3160513 PMCID: PMC1577193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic susceptibility to certain cancers is recognized as a contributor to malignancy in man and experimental animals. Colorectal adenocarcinoma associated with Gardner syndrome is considered to be a hereditary form of cancer in which family members are at increased risk because they inherit an autosomal dominant gene for adenomas of the colorectum. The adenomas, if untreated, transform into adenocarcinoma. The purpose of the current study was to characterize immune function in patients with Gardner syndrome since reports exist of immune defects in patients with other forms of hereditary cancer. An analysis of the ability of lymphocytes from the patients to be stimulated by the T cell mitogens, phytohaemmaglutinin and concanavalin A, revealed severely depressed responses by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from all of the patients studied. A depressed response by patient PBMC to the B cell mitogen, pokeweed mitogen, also was observed but the extent of depression was not statistically significant. Natural killer (NK) cell activity of the patients was studied to determine if a possible genetic defect in this function is associated with Gardner syndrome. PBMC from half of the patients had marginally depressed NK cell function. An enumeration of patient cells revealed a significantly lower ratio of T4 (helper) to T8 (suppressor) T cells, but normal percentages of rosette forming, 7.2 (Ia) positive and Leu 11 positive (NK) cells.
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Gardner EJ, Woodward SR, Hughes JP. Evaluation of chromosomal diagnosis for hereditary adenomatosis of the colorectum. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 1985; 15:321-34. [PMID: 3971323 DOI: 10.1016/0165-4608(85)90177-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Hereditary adenomatosis, particularly familial polyposis coli (FPC) and Gardner's syndrome (GS), has been investigated from family pedigrees and chromosomal markers for precancer and cancer. FPC and GS are much alike in phenotypes. Studies are in progress to determine if the two adenomatous diseases are controlled by the same DNA sequence. Chromosome numerical and structural instability is a good diagnostic criterion for hereditary adenomatous diseases where risk factors are already determined to the level of 0.5 probability from pedigree analysis. This has been applied successfully at the pediatric age level to identify family members who carry the gene but have no adenomas in the colorectum. Sister chromatid exchange (SCE) did not distinguish plasma samples from FPC, GS, or solitary adenoma patients form each other or from controls with no adenomas. SCE did distinguish invasive from recurrent and noninvasive cancer. The chromosome #2 polymorphism observed at 2q-21.3 has not been confirmed as a deletion, but is under investigation with more refined methods.
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Lipkin M, Blattner WA, Gardner EJ, Burt RW, Lynch H, Deschner E, Winawer S, Fraumeni JF. Classification and risk assessment of individuals with familial polyposis, Gardner's syndrome, and familial non-polyposis colon cancer from [3H]thymidine labeling patterns in colonic epithelial cells. Cancer Res 1984; 44:4201-7. [PMID: 6744330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
A probabilistic analysis has been developed to assist the binary classification and risk assessment of members of familial colon cancer kindreds. The analysis is based on the microautoradiographic observation of [3H]thymidine-labeled epithelial cells in colonic mucosa of the kindred members. From biopsies of colonic mucosa which are labeled with [3H]thymidine in vitro, the degree of similarity of each subject's cell-labeling pattern measured over entire crypts was automatically compared to the labeling patterns of high-risk and low-risk reference populations. Each individual was then presumptively classified and assigned to one of the reference populations, and a degree of risk for the classification was provided. In carrying out the analysis, a linear score was calculated for each individual relative to each of the reference populations, and the classification was based on the polarity of the score difference; the degree of risk was then quantitated from the magnitude of the score difference. When the method was applied to kindreds having either familial polyposis or familial non-polyposis colon cancer, it effectively segregated individuals affected with disease from others at low risk, with sensitivity and specificity ranging from 71 to 92%. Further application of the method to asymptomatic family members believed to be at 50% risk on the basis of pedigree evaluation revealed a biomodal distribution to nearly zero or full risk. The accuracy and simplicity of this approach and its capability of revealing early stages of abnormal colonic epithelial cell development indicate potential for preclinical screening of subjects at risk in cancer-prone kindreds and for assisting the analysis of modes of inheritance.
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Burt RW, Berenson MM, Lee RG, Tolman KG, Freston JW, Gardner EJ. Upper gastrointestinal polyps in Gardner's syndrome. Gastroenterology 1984; 86:295-301. [PMID: 6690356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Upper gastrointestinal polyps have been considered an uncommon finding in patients with Gardner's syndrome and familial polyposis coli. Investigators from Japan, however, have recently reported finding gastric and duodenal polyps in a high percentage of Japanese patients with these conditions. We endoscopically examined 11 affected members of the originally described Gardner's syndrome kindred to determine if upper gastrointestinal polyps also occurred in patients with Gardner's syndrome living in the United States. Six of the patients were found to have numerous small polyps of the gastric fundus and body. Polyp histology in 5 of the 6 patients was consistent with fundic gland hyperplasia. Biopsy specimens from the remaining patient demonstrated normal mucosa only. Another patient with no fundic polyps had a single antral polyp that was an adenoma. Eight patients exhibited small polyps of the duodenum. Biopsy specimens were obtained in 7 of the 8. All polyps biopsied were adenomas. The terminal ileum was examined by endoscopy in 9 of the 11 study patients. All 9 had ileal polyps, but the polyps were adenomas in 6 patients and lymphoid aggregates in 3 patients. The results indicate that upper gastrointestinal polyps are a common pleiotropic manifestation of the genetic defect responsible for Gardner's syndrome.
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Abstract
A group of researchers recently reported a specific chromosome abnormality consisting of a deletion in the long arm (q) of chromosome 2 in patients with adenomatous colorectal polyposis. Using a high resolution chromosome banding technique and a blind study design, the authors karyotyped two patients with Gardner syndrome, two patients with familial polyposis, and four normal controls. No deletion was found in chromosome 2.
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Rasheed S, Rhim JS, Gardner EJ. Inherited susceptibility to retrovirus-induced transformation of Gardner syndrome cells. Am J Hum Genet 1983; 35:919-31. [PMID: 6310993 PMCID: PMC1685818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin fibroblasts from patients with Gardner syndrome (GS), those with familial polyposis coli (FPC), and spouse or unrelated controls were karyotyped and tested for various growth properties including susceptibility to transformation by viral or chemical agents. Our results indicated that based on the higher susceptibility to retrovirus-induced transformation and chromosomal aneuploidy, the GS and FPC cells could be distinguished from those of the general population with more than 70% accuracy. However, much work is in order before any biological assay can be used for clinical diagnosis of GS or FPC patients.
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Abstract
The effects of the tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecnoyl phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) on the proliferation out of cultured skin fibroblasts (SF) obtained from 21 individuals representing a single pedigree of the Gardner variant of hereditary adenomatosis of the colon and rectum (ACR) were analyzed. SF from both gene-carriers and normal individuals displayed an unusual biphasic dose-response (concaved upward), but the latter were considerably more sensitive to the toxic effects of this probe at all concentrations tested. Based on the differential sensitivity to TPA (range, 0-100 ng/ml), a good correlation has been found in this study between the results, the pedigree analysis, and the clinical findings. Of 21 individuals examined, two were apparently false-negatives. Two other individuals who are currently listed as clinically asymptomatic and, who through pedigree analysis might presumably be disease-free, appeared strongly positive by the criteria. The results extend the previous observations that the measurement of cloning efficiency in the presence of a TPA probe provides a reliable assay to distinguish SF of colorectal cancer-prone persons from those of normal subjects within a single pedigree of the Gardner syndrome.
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Gardner EJ. Prevention and cure for colorectal cancer. Gastroenterology 1983; 84:427-9. [PMID: 6129172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
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Abstract
Excessive random loss and gain of simple chromosomes at the diploid and tetraploid levels, and numerous chromosomal aberrations, have been observed in lymphocytes and fibroblasts, cultured from Gardner syndrome and familial polyposis coli patients and children at risk for multiple adenomas. This increase in numerical and structural aberrations seems to represent a general instability of chromosomes in the lymphocyte and fibroblast nuclei of patients with multiple adenomas in the colorectum. A consistent heteromorphism of chromosome No. 2 homologous tentatively identified as a deletion was observed in all 17 patients with multiple adenomas in the colorectum, and two younger people of 13 and six years of age who are at risk for Gardner syndrome but do not have colorectal polyps. The chromosome No. 2 aberration was not observed in two symptomatic patients with occasional discrete colorectal adenomas.Eighteen controls who did not have Gardner syndrome nor familial polyposis coli did not show the structural aberration in chromosome No. 2 nor chromosome instability.
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Shupe JL, Leone NC, Gardner EJ, Olson AE. Hereditary multiple exostoses. Hereditary multiple exostoses in horses. Am J Pathol 1981; 104:285-8. [PMID: 6975041 PMCID: PMC1903783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Abstract
Gardner's syndrome is an autosomal dominant condition characterized by multiple colorectal polyposis, associated with various soft- and hard-tissue tumors. The occurrence of adrenal adenomas in patients with the syndrome has not been fully appreciated. The following is a report of a member of the original Utah kindred #109, first described in the early 1950's who was found at autopsy to have bilateral adrenal adenomas. A review of the literature resulted in the identification of six cases with adrenal adenomas and one with a primary adrenal carcinoma. The association with the syndrome of these adrenal tumors, as well as other endocrine tumors, especially thyroid tumors, is discussed.
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Abstract
Mesenteric fibromatosis has been reported in frequent association with familial polyposis and with Gardner's syndrome. This vague "benign" process has been characterized as a postsurgical phenomenon with low morbidity. Two cases of spontaneous mesenteric fibromatosis, noted at the time of original laparotomy for colectomy in Gardner's syndrome patients, are reported. No history of abdominal trauma was present, and both have well-documented Gardner's findings. A 32% incidence of desmoid reaction is reported among affected members of the original Gardner's syndrome Kindred 109; five or 55% of these patients had the mesenteric form of the process. The potential fatal course of the mesenteric disease is emphasized.
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