1
|
Mahou Y, Chda A, Es-Safi NE, Tesse A, Fettoukh N, El Bouri A, Stambouli H, El Abida K, Bencheikh R. Vasorelaxant Effect of Moroccan Cannabis sativa Threshing Residues on Rat Mesenteric Arterial Bed is Endothelium and Muscarinic Receptors Dependent. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2023; 2023:1265103. [PMID: 37123084 PMCID: PMC10139821 DOI: 10.1155/2023/1265103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Ethanolic fraction of Moroccan Cannabis sativa threshing residues (EFCS) was evaluated for its vasorelaxant activity. The current work aims to identify the active metabolites in the ethanolic fraction of the EFCS and illustrate their mechanism of action. Methods Free radical scavenging capacity of EFCS was assessed using DPPH method. The EFCS vasodilation activities in phenylephrine-precontracted isolated rat mesenteric arterial beds were investigated in presence of L-NAME (nitric oxide synthase inhibitor), indomethacin (cyclooxygenase inhibitor), potassium channel blockers (namely tetraetylamonium, barium chloride, and glibenclamide), and atropine. Nitric oxide vascular release was measured by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) using a spin trap in rat aortic rings. Results EFCS induced dose-dependent vasorelaxation on mesenteric vascular bed. Incubation of the preparations with L-NAME, ODQ (a soluble guanylyl cyclase inhibitor), or potassium channel blockers reduced the fall of perfusion pressure caused by EFCS. Endothelial denudation or atropine abolished the EFCS's vasorelaxant effect, suggesting involvement of muscarinic receptors and endothelium-relaxing factors. The extract induced nitric oxide release in aortic rings in a similar manner as acetylcholine suggesting an effect of EFCS on the muscarinic receptor and the conductance arteries. Chemical investigation of EFCS identified potential active components namely apigenin and derivatives of luteolin skeleton and also additional components such as neophytadiene, squalene, and β-sitosterol. In conclusion, the vasorelaxant effect of EFCS on rat mesenteric arterial bed, which is dependent of muscarinic receptor activation, nitric oxide, and EDHF, can account for potential therapeutic use against high blood pressure related cardiovascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nour Eddine Es-Safi
- Mohammed V University in Rabat, LPCMIO, Materials Science Center (MSC), ENS, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Angela Tesse
- Nantes Université, INSERM, CNRS, l'Institut du Thorax, Nantes 44007, France
| | - Nezha Fettoukh
- Institut de Criminalistique de La Gendarmerie Royale, BP 6597 Rabat-Instituts, Rabat, CP 10000, Morocco
| | - Aziz El Bouri
- Institut de Criminalistique de La Gendarmerie Royale, BP 6597 Rabat-Instituts, Rabat, CP 10000, Morocco
| | - Hamid Stambouli
- Institut de Criminalistique de La Gendarmerie Royale, BP 6597 Rabat-Instituts, Rabat, CP 10000, Morocco
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Katorkin SE, Krivoshchekov EP, Elshin EB, Kushnarchuk MY. Modern possibilities and prospects of conservative treatment of patients with peripheral arterial diseases. AMBULATORNAYA KHIRURGIYA = AMBULATORY SURGERY (RUSSIA) 2022. [DOI: 10.21518/1995-1477-2022-19-2-50-60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The most common clinical manifestation of peripheral arterial disease is intermittent claudication due to insufficient blood supply to the affected limb. The article summarizes and systematizes the latest achievements in the field of conservative treatment of patients with intermittent claudication. In accordance with the requirements of evidence-based medicine, an overview of modern promising trends in conservative therapy presented in the latest Russian and foreign consensus documents, is given. The basis of the complex treatment of patients with peripheral arterial diseases is: non-drug and drug treatment to relieve the symptoms of chronic ischemia, pharmacotherapy for the secondary prevention of cardiovascular complications, open or endovascular revascularization to increase the distance of painfree walking. With the development of atherosclerosis, disturbances in the peptide composition of the endothelium occur, which reduce the ability of the vascular wall to resist inflammation and the associated triggering of pathological processes. It has been experimentally proven that the use of a complex of peptides obtained from the vessels of healthy and young animals in this situation restores the endothelial function of the arteries, affecting the main links of pathogenesis. Decrease in oxidative stress, decrease in atherogenic and lipidemic action, normalization of vascular tone and blood coagulation parameters, increase in the microvascular bed – these are the mechanisms that justify the indication of peptides to patients with atherosclerosis obliterans. Angioprotector based on a complex of polypeptides isolated from blood vessels can become an important part of the treatment of patients with obliterating diseases of the arteries of the lower extremities, providing a complex pathogenetic effect. It is necessary to further study in multicenter clinical trials the duration of the therapeutic effect of a drug in a longer period after a course of treatment, its effect on long-term outcomes of the disease, the possibility of using repeated courses, in chronic obliterating diseases of the arteries of the lower extremities III-IV stages according to the Fontaine classification, as well as the use drug for the treatment of systemic atherosclerosis of various arterial basins.
Collapse
|
3
|
Hassan NA, Abdelfattah MAO, Mandour YM, El-Shazly AM, Sobeh M, Mahmoud MF. Vasorelaxant Effects of Syzygium samarangense (Blume) Merr. and L.M.Perry Extract Are Mediated by NO/cGMP Pathway in Isolated Rat Thoracic Aorta. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:1349. [PMID: 36355521 PMCID: PMC9692616 DOI: 10.3390/ph15111349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Syzygium samarangense (Blume) Merr. and L.M.Perry is utilized widely in traditional medicine. We have reported previously a wide array of pharmacological properties of its leaf extract, among them anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, antidiabetic, antiulcer, and antitrypanosomal activities. We also annotated its chemical composition using LC-MS/MS. Here, we continue our investigations and evaluate the vasorelaxant effects of the leaf extract on aortic rings isolated from rats and explore the possible underlying mechanisms. S. samarangense extract induced a concentration dependent relaxation of the phenylephrine-precontracted aorta in the rat model. However, this effect disappeared upon removing the functional endothelium. Pretreating the aortic tissues either with propranolol or NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester inhibited the relaxation induced by the extract; however, atropine did not affect the extract-induced vasodilation. Meanwhile, adenylate cyclase inhibitor, MDL; specific guanylate cyclase inhibitor, ODQ; high extracellular KCl; and indomethacin as cyclooxygenase inhibitor inhibited the extract-induced vasodilation. On the other hand, incubation of S. samarangense extract with aortae sections having their intact endothelium pre-constricted using phenylephrine or KCl in media free of Ca2+ showed no effect on the constriction of the aortae vessels induced by Ca2+. Taken together, the present study suggests that S. samarangense extract dilates isolated aortic rings via endothelium-dependent nitric oxide (NO)/cGMP signaling. The observed biological effects could be attributed to its rich secondary metabolites. The specific mechanisms of the active ingredients of S. samarangense extract await further investigations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noura A. Hassan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | | | - Yasmine M. Mandour
- School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire Hosted by Global Academic Foundation, New Administrative Capital, Cairo 11578, Egypt
| | - Assem M. El-Shazly
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
- Faculty of Pharmacy, El Saleheya El Gadida University, El Saleheya El Gadida 44813, Egypt
| | - Mansour Sobeh
- AgroBioSciences, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Lot 660-Hay Moulay Rachid, Ben-Guerir 43150, Morocco
| | - Mona F. Mahmoud
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Abo Laban AI, El-Bassossy HM, Hassan NA. Hinokitiol produces vasodilation in aortae from normal and angiotensin II- induced hypertensive rats via endothelial-dependent and independent pathways. Vascul Pharmacol 2022; 146:107092. [PMID: 35907614 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2022.107092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Hinokitiol is a natural bioactive compound with numerous pharmacological properties. Here, we aimed to examine hinokitiol's effects on vascular relaxation. Cumulative relaxation responses to hinokitiol were assessed in isolated aortae from normotensive and angiotensin II-induced hypertensive rats in the presence and absence of selective inhibitors. Hinokitiol produced vasodilation of phenylephrine preconstricted aortae using both normotensive and hypertensive rats. In normotensive rats, hinokitiol's vasodilation was reduced by endothelial denudation and nitric oxide synthase (NOS), guanylate cyclase, and cyclooxygenase inhibition. Also, hinokitiol vasodilation was attenuated by β-receptors, adenylate cyclase, Ca2+-activated K+ channels and hyperpolarization inhibition. Moreover, hinokitiol exhibited a blocking activity on Ca2+ mobilization through voltage dependent Ca2+ channels (VDCC). However, its effect was not changed by muscarinic receptor and Sarc-K+ ATP channels blocking but was enhanced by blocking voltage-dependent K+ channels. However, in angiotensin II-induced hypertension, hinokitiol vasodilating activity was attenuated by NOS inhibition and it blocked Ca2+ mobilization through VDCC, while its vasodilation was partially attenuated by Sarc-K+ ATP channels blocking. However, the vasodilating effect of hinokitiol was not attenuated by either cyclooxygenase, β-receptor, Ca2+-activated K+ channels, or voltage-dependent potassium channels inhibition, but was enhanced by blocking hyperpolarization. Hinokitiol's vasodilating effect in normotensive and hypertensive vessels is mediated through both endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amany I Abo Laban
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt.
| | - Hany M El-Bassossy
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt.
| | - Noura A Hassan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Santos WA, Dourado KMC, Araújo FA, Jesus RLC, Moraes RA, Oliveira SCDS, Alves QL, Simões LO, Casais-E-Silva LL, Costa RS, Velozo ES, Silva DF. Braylin induces a potent vasorelaxation, involving distinct mechanisms in superior mesenteric and iliac arteries of rats. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2021; 394:437-446. [PMID: 33034715 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-020-01985-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Arterial hypertension is a risk factor for various cardiovascular and renal diseases, representing a major public health challenge. Although a wide range of treatment options are available for blood pressure control, many hypertensive individuals remain with uncontrolled hypertension. Thus, the search for new substances with antihypertensive potential becomes necessary. Coumarins, a group of polyphenolic compounds derived from plants, have attracted intense interest due to their diverse pharmacological properties, like potent antihypertensive activities. Braylin (6-methoxyseselin) is a coumarin identified in the Zanthoxylum tingoassuiba species, described as a phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) inhibitor. Although different coumarin compounds have been described as potent antihypertensive agents, the activity of braylin on the cardiovascular system has yet to be investigated. To investigate the vasorelaxation properties of braylin and its possible mechanisms of action, we performed in vitro studies using superior mesenteric arteries and the iliac arteries isolated from rats. In this study, we demonstrated, for the first time, that braylin induces potent vasorelaxation, involving distinct mechanisms from two different arteries, isolated from rats. A possible inhibition of phosphodiesterase, altering the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)/cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) pathway, may be correlated with the biological action of braylin in the mesenteric vessel, while in the iliac artery, the biological action of braylin may be correlated with increase of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), followed by BKCa, Kir, and Kv channel activation. Together, these results provide evidence that braylin can represent a potential therapeutic use in preventing and treating cardiovascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W A Santos
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Bahia, Avenida Reitor Miguel Calmon, Vale do Canela, Salvador, Bahia, 40110-902, Brazil
| | - K M C Dourado
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Bahia, Avenida Reitor Miguel Calmon, Vale do Canela, Salvador, Bahia, 40110-902, Brazil
| | - F A Araújo
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation - FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Bahia, Brazil
| | - R L C Jesus
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Bahia, Avenida Reitor Miguel Calmon, Vale do Canela, Salvador, Bahia, 40110-902, Brazil
| | - R A Moraes
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Bahia, Avenida Reitor Miguel Calmon, Vale do Canela, Salvador, Bahia, 40110-902, Brazil
| | - S C D S Oliveira
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Bahia, Avenida Reitor Miguel Calmon, Vale do Canela, Salvador, Bahia, 40110-902, Brazil
| | - Q L Alves
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Bahia, Avenida Reitor Miguel Calmon, Vale do Canela, Salvador, Bahia, 40110-902, Brazil
| | - L O Simões
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Bahia, Avenida Reitor Miguel Calmon, Vale do Canela, Salvador, Bahia, 40110-902, Brazil
| | - L L Casais-E-Silva
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Bahia, Avenida Reitor Miguel Calmon, Vale do Canela, Salvador, Bahia, 40110-902, Brazil
| | - R S Costa
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - E S Velozo
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - D F Silva
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Bahia, Avenida Reitor Miguel Calmon, Vale do Canela, Salvador, Bahia, 40110-902, Brazil.
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation - FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Bahia, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Baldwin SN, Sandow SL, Mondéjar-Parreño G, Stott JB, Greenwood IA. K V7 Channel Expression and Function Within Rat Mesenteric Endothelial Cells. Front Physiol 2020; 11:598779. [PMID: 33364977 PMCID: PMC7750541 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.598779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Arterial diameter is dictated by the contractile state of the vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), which is modulated by direct and indirect inputs from endothelial cells (ECs). Modulators of KCNQ-encoded kV7 channels have considerable impact on arterial diameter and these channels are known to be expressed in VSMCs but not yet defined in ECs. However, expression of kV7 channels in ECs would add an extra level of vascular control. This study aims to characterize the expression and function of KV7 channels within rat mesenteric artery ECs. Experimental Approach: In rat mesenteric artery, KCNQ transcript and KV7 channel protein expression were determined via RT-qPCR, immunocytochemistry, immunohistochemistry and immunoelectron microscopy. Wire myography was used to determine vascular reactivity. Key Results: KCNQ transcript was identified in isolated ECs and VSMCs. KV7.1, KV7.4 and KV7.5 protein expression was determined in both isolated EC and VSMC and in whole vessels. Removal of ECs attenuated vasorelaxation to two structurally different KV7.2-5 activators S-1 and ML213. KIR2 blockers ML133, and BaCl2 also attenuated S-1 or ML213-mediated vasorelaxation in an endothelium-dependent process. KV7 inhibition attenuated receptor-dependent nitric oxide (NO)-mediated vasorelaxation to carbachol, but had no impact on relaxation to the NO donor, SNP. Conclusion and Implications: In rat mesenteric artery ECs, KV7.4 and KV7.5 channels are expressed, functionally interact with endothelial KIR2.x channels and contribute to endogenous eNOS-mediated relaxation. This study identifies KV7 channels as novel functional channels within rat mesenteric ECs and suggests that these channels are involved in NO release from the endothelium of these vessels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel N Baldwin
- Vascular Biology Research Centre, Institute of Molecular and Clinical Sciences, St George's University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Shaun L Sandow
- Biomedical Science, School of Health and Sports Science, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, QLD, Australia
| | - Gema Mondéjar-Parreño
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jennifer B Stott
- Vascular Biology Research Centre, Institute of Molecular and Clinical Sciences, St George's University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Iain A Greenwood
- Vascular Biology Research Centre, Institute of Molecular and Clinical Sciences, St George's University of London, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Potential role of hydrogen sulfide in diabetes-impaired angiogenesis and ischemic tissue repair. Redox Biol 2020; 37:101704. [PMID: 32942144 PMCID: PMC7498944 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is one of the most prevalent metabolic disorders and is estimated to affect 400 million of 4.4% of population worldwide in the next 20 year. In diabetes, risk to develop vascular diseases is two-to four-fold increased. Ischemic tissue injury, such as refractory wounds and critical ischemic limb (CLI) are major ischemic vascular complications in diabetic patients where oxygen supplement is insufficient due to impaired angiogenesis/neovascularization. In spite of intensive studies, the underlying mechanisms of diabetes-impaired ischemic tissue injury remain incompletely understood. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has been considered as a third gasotransmitter regulating angiogenesis under physiological and ischemic conditions. Here, the underlying mechanisms of insufficient H2S-impaired angiogenesis and ischemic tissue repair in diabetes are discussed. We will primarily focuses on the signaling pathways of H2S in controlling endothelial function/biology, angiogenesis and ischemic tissue repair in diabetic animal models. We summarized that H2S plays an important role in maintaining endothelial function/biology and angiogenic property in diabetes. We demonstrated that exogenous H2S may be a theraputic agent for endothelial dysfunction and impaired ischemic tissue repair in diabetes.
Collapse
|
8
|
Tsai TY, Leong IL, Shiao LR, Wong KL, Shao L, Chan P, Leung YM. Tannic acid, a vasodilator present in wines and beverages, stimulates Ca2+ influx via TRP channels in bEND.3 endothelial cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 526:117-121. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.03.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
9
|
Nakade UP, Sharma A, Kumari P, Bhatiya S, Nair SV, Karikaran KN, Sharma V, Choudhury S, Garg SK. Functional and molecular characterization of endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent relaxant pathways in uterine artery of non-pregnant buffaloes. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2019; 393:225-241. [PMID: 31494705 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-019-01726-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Present study was undertaken to unravel the endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent relaxant pathways in uterine artery of non-pregnant buffaloes. Isometric tension of arterial rings was recorded using data acquisition system based polyphysiograph. Acetylcholine (ACh) produced endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation by releasing nitric oxide (NO), and inhibition of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) by L-NAME (300 μM) significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the NO release and thereby the vasorelaxant effect of ACh. However, L-NMMA, another NOS inhibitor, and PTIO, a NO scavenger, did not have any additional inhibitory effect on NO and ACh-induced vasorelaxation. Cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor (indomethacin) alone did not have any inhibitory action on vasorelaxant response to ACh; however, simultaneous inhibition of COX and NOS enzymes significantly (P < 0.05) attenuated the relaxant response indicating the concurrent release of these two mediators in regulating ACh-induced relaxation. Besides NOS and COX-derived metabolites (EDRF), small (SKCa) and intermediate (IKCa) conductance K+ channels being the members of EDHF play predominant role in mediating ACh-induced vasorelaxation. Using different molecular tools, existence of eNOS, COX-1, and,IKCa in the endothelium, BKCa in vascular smooth muscle, and SKCa in both endothelium and vascular smooth muscle was demonstrated in buffalo uterine artery. Gene sequencing of COX-1 and SKCa genes in uterine artery of buffaloes showed more than 97% structural similarity with ovine (Ovis aries), caprine (Capra hircus), and Indian cow (Bos indicus). Endothelium-independent nitrovasodilator, sodium nitroprusside (SNP), produced vasorelaxation which was sensitive to blockade by soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) inhibitor (ODQ), thus suggesting the important role of cGMP/PKG pathways in uterine vasorelaxation in buffaloes. Taken together, it is concluded that both endothelium-dependent (EDHF and EDRF) and endothelium-independent (sGC-cGMP) relaxant pathways are present in uterine arteries of non-pregnant buffaloes, and they differently contribute to vasorelaxation during non-pregnant state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Udayraj P Nakade
- Smooth Muscle and Molecular Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, U.P. Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go-Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), Mathura, 281001, India
| | - Abhishek Sharma
- Smooth Muscle and Molecular Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, U.P. Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go-Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), Mathura, 281001, India
| | - Priyambada Kumari
- Smooth Muscle and Molecular Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, U.P. Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go-Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), Mathura, 281001, India
| | - Shirish Bhatiya
- Smooth Muscle and Molecular Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, U.P. Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go-Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), Mathura, 281001, India
| | - Sooraj V Nair
- Smooth Muscle and Molecular Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, U.P. Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go-Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), Mathura, 281001, India
| | - K N Karikaran
- Smooth Muscle and Molecular Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, U.P. Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go-Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), Mathura, 281001, India
| | - Vipin Sharma
- Smooth Muscle and Molecular Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, U.P. Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go-Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), Mathura, 281001, India
| | - Soumen Choudhury
- Smooth Muscle and Molecular Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, U.P. Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go-Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), Mathura, 281001, India
| | - Satish Kumar Garg
- Smooth Muscle and Molecular Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, U.P. Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go-Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), Mathura, 281001, India.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
ARC 118925XX stimulates cation influx in bEND.3 endothelial cells. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2019; 33:604-611. [DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
11
|
On the existence of mechanoreceptors within the neurovascular unit of the mammalian brain. Brain Struct Funct 2019; 224:2247-2267. [PMID: 31190162 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-019-01863-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
We describe a set of perivascular interneurons (PINs) with series of fibro-vesicular complexes (FVCs) throughout the gray matter of the adult rabbit and rat brains. PIN-FVCs are ubiquitous throughout the brain vasculature as detected in Golgi-impregnated specimens. Most PINs are small, aspiny cells with short or long (> 1 mm) axons that split and travel along arterial blood vessels. Upon ramification, axons form FVCs around the arising vascular branches; then, paired axons run parallel to the vessel wall until another ramification ensues, and a new FVC is formed. Cytologically, FVCs consist of clusters of perivascular bulbs (PVBs) encircling the precapillary and capillary wall surrounded by end-feet and the extracellular matrix of endothelial cells and pericytes. A PVB contains mitochondria, multivesicular bodies, and granules with a membranous core, similar to Meissner corpuscles and other mechanoreceptors. Some PVBs form asymmetrical, axo-spinous synapses with presumptive adjacent neurons. PINs appear to correspond to the type 1 nNOS-positive neurons whose FVCs co-label with markers of sensory fiber-terminals surrounded by astrocytic end-feet. The PIN is conserved in adult cats and rhesus monkey specimens. The location, ubiquity throughout the vasculature of the mammalian brain, and cytological organization of the PIN-FVCs suggests that it is a sensory receptor intrinsic to the mammalian neurovascular unit that corresponds to an afferent limb of the sensorimotor feed-back mechanism controlling local blood flow.
Collapse
|
12
|
Vasodilation and Antihypertensive Activities of Swietenia macrophylla (Mahogany) Seed Extract. J Med Food 2018; 21:289-301. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2017.4008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
|
13
|
Cheng Z, Shen X, Jiang X, Shan H, Cimini M, Fang P, Ji Y, Park JY, Drosatos K, Yang X, Kevil CG, Kishore R, Wang H. Hyperhomocysteinemia potentiates diabetes-impaired EDHF-induced vascular relaxation: Role of insufficient hydrogen sulfide. Redox Biol 2018. [PMID: 29524844 PMCID: PMC5854893 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Insufficient hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has been implicated in Type 2 diabetic mellitus (T2DM) and hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy)-related cardiovascular complications. We investigated the role of H2S in T2DM and HHcy-induced endothelial dysfunction in small mesenteric artery (SMA) of db/db mice fed a high methionine (HM) diet. HM diet (8 weeks) induced HHcy in both T2DM db/db mice and non-diabetic db/+ mice (total plasma Hcy: 48.4 and 31.3 µM, respectively), and aggravated the impaired endothelium-derived hyperpolarization factor (EDHF)-induced endothelium-dependent relaxation to acetylcholine (ACh), determined by the presence of eNOS inhibitor N(ω)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) and prostacyclin (PGI2) inhibitor indomethacin (INDO), in SMA from db/db mice but not that from db/+ mice. A non-selective Ca2+-active potassium channel (KCa) opener NS309 rescued T2DM/HHcy-impaired EDHF-mediated vascular relaxation to ACh. EDHF-induced relaxation to ACh was inhibited by a non-selective KCa blocker TEA and intermediate-conductance KCa blocker (IKCa) Tram-34, but not by small-conductance KCa (SKCa) blocker Apamin. HHcy potentiated the reduction of free sulfide, H2S and cystathionine γ-lyase protein, which converts L-cysteine to H2S, in SMA of db/db mice. Importantly, a stable H2S donor DATS diminished the enhanced O2- production in SMAs and lung endothelial cells of T2DM/HHcy mice. Antioxidant PEG-SOD and DATS improved T2DM/HHcy impaired relaxation to ACh. Moreover, HHcy increased hyperglycemia-induced IKCa tyrosine nitration in human micro-vascular endothelial cells. EDHF-induced vascular relaxation to L-cysteine was not altered, whereas such relaxation to NaHS was potentiated by HHcy in SMA of db/db mice which was abolished by ATP-sensitive potassium channel blocker Glycolamide but not by KCa blockers. Conclusions Intermediate HHcy potentiated H2S reduction via CSE-downregulation in microvasculature of T2DM mice. H2S is justified as an EDHF. Insufficient H2S impaired EDHF-induced vascular relaxation via oxidative stress and IKCa inactivation in T2DM/HHcy mice. H2S therapy may be beneficial for prevention and treatment of micro-vascular complications in patients with T2DM and HHcy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongjian Cheng
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, 3500 Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.
| | - Xinggui Shen
- Center for Cardiovascular Diseases and Sciences, Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cellular Physiology and Cell Biology and Anatomy Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, New Orleans, LA 7110371103, USA
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, 3500 Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Huimin Shan
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, 3500 Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Maria Cimini
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, 3500 Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Pu Fang
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, 3500 Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Yong Ji
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Joon Young Park
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, 3500 Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Konstantinos Drosatos
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, 3500 Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, 3500 Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, 3500 Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, 3500 Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, 3500 Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, 3500 Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Christopher G Kevil
- Center for Cardiovascular Diseases and Sciences, Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cellular Physiology and Cell Biology and Anatomy Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, New Orleans, LA 7110371103, USA
| | - Raj Kishore
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, 3500 Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, 3500 Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Hong Wang
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, 3500 Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, 3500 Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, 3500 Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Siangjong L, Goldman DH, Kriska T, Gauthier KM, Smyth EM, Puli N, Kumar G, Falck JR, Campbell WB. Vascular hepoxilin and trioxilins mediate vasorelaxation through TP receptor inhibition in mouse arteries. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2017; 219:188-201. [PMID: 26666460 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
AIM 12/15-lipoxygenase (12/15-LO) metabolizes arachidonic acid (AA) into several vasoactive eicosanoids. In mouse arteries, we previously characterized the enzyme's 15-LO metabolites 12(S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (HETE), 15-HETE, hydroxyepoxyeicosatrienoic acids (HEETAs) and 11,12,15-trihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids (11,12,15-THETAs) as endothelium-derived relaxing factors. However, the observed 12-LO metabolites remained uncharacterized. The purpose of this study was to determine the structure and biological functions of eicosanoids generated by the enzyme's 12-LO activity. METHODS Metabolites extracted from aortas of C57BL/6 male mice were separated using a series of reverse and normal phase chromatographic steps and identified as hepoxilin A3 , trioxilin A3 and trioxilin C3 by mass spectrometry. Activities of these natural compounds were tested on isometric tension and intracellular calcium release. The role of thromboxane (TP) receptor was determined in HEK293 cells overexpressing TPα receptor (TPα -HEK). RESULTS All identified vascular 12-LO metabolites were biologically active. In mouse mesenteric arteries, trioxilin A3 , C3 and hepoxilin A3 (3 μm) relaxed arteries constricted with the thromboxane mimetic, U46619-constricted arteries (maximum relaxations of 78.9 ± 3.2, 29.7 ± 4.6, 82.2 ± 5.0 and 88.0 ± 2.4% respectively), but not phenylephrine-constricted arteries. In TPα-HEK cells, trioxilin A3 , C3 and hepoxilin A3 (10 μm) inhibited U46619 (10 nM)-induced increases in intracellular calcium by 53.0 ± 7.2%, 32.8 ± 5.0% and 37.9 ± 13.5% respectively. In contrast, trioxilin B3 and hepoxilin B3 were not synthesized in arteries and exhibited little biological activity. CONCLUSION Trioxilin A3 and C3 and hepoxilin A3 are endogenous vascular relaxing factors. They are not endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factors but mediate vascular relaxation by inhibiting TP agonist-induced increases in intracellular calcium. Thus, they regulate vascular homeostasis by acting as endogenous TP antagonists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L. Siangjong
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Medical College of Wisconsin; Milwaukee WI USA
- Faculty of Pharmacy; Silpakorn University; Nakorn Pathom Thailand
| | - D. H. Goldman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Medical College of Wisconsin; Milwaukee WI USA
| | - T. Kriska
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Medical College of Wisconsin; Milwaukee WI USA
| | - K. M. Gauthier
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Medical College of Wisconsin; Milwaukee WI USA
| | - E. M. Smyth
- Department of Pharmacology; University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia PA USA
| | - N. Puli
- Department of Biochemistry; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center; Dallas TX USA
| | - G. Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center; Dallas TX USA
| | - J. R. Falck
- Department of Biochemistry; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center; Dallas TX USA
| | - W. B. Campbell
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Medical College of Wisconsin; Milwaukee WI USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Hong K, Lee S, Li R, Yang Y, Tanner MA, Wu J, Hill MA. Adiponectin Receptor Agonist, AdipoRon, Causes Vasorelaxation Predominantly Via a Direct Smooth Muscle Action. Microcirculation 2016; 23:207-20. [PMID: 26728950 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE AdipoRon, an adiponectin receptor agonist, was recently proposed for treating insulin resistance and hyperglycemia. As adiponectin is vasoprotective via NO-mediated signaling, it was hypothesized that adipoRon similarly exerts potentially beneficial vasodilator effects. We therefore examined if adipoRon induces vasorelaxation and via what contributing mechanisms. METHODS Vascular function was assessed in skeletal muscle arteries from rats and cerebral/coronary arteries from mice using pressure and wire myography. RESULTS Using qPCR, mRNA for adiponectin receptors was demonstrated in skeletal muscle, cerebral and coronary arteries. AdipoRon-caused vasorelaxation was not abolished by compound C (10 μM; AMPK inhibitor). Inhibition of endothelium-dependent relaxation with combinations of l-NAME/indomethacin/apamin/TRAM-34 only slightly reduced adipoRon-mediated vasorelaxation in cerebral and coronary arteries. EC-denuded cremaster arteries showed similar relaxant responses to adipoRon as in intact vessels, suggesting adipoRon directly impacts VSMCs. K(+) currents measured in VSMCs isolated from mouse basilar and LAD arteries were not altered by adiopRon. In cremaster arteries, adipoRon induced vasorelaxation without a marked decrease in VSMC [Ca(2+)]i . Adiponectin, itself, caused vasodilation in intact cremaster arteries while failing to cause significant dilation in EC-denuded arteries, consistent with endothelium dependency of adiponectin. CONCLUSIONS AdipoRon exerts vasodilation by mechanisms distinct to adiponectin. The dominant mechanism for adipoRon-induced vasorelaxation occurs independently of endothelium-dependent relaxing factors, AMPK activation, K(+) efflux-mediated hyperpolarization and reductions in cytosolic [Ca(2+)]i .
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kwangseok Hong
- Department of Medical Pharmacology & Physiology, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, USA.,Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Sewon Lee
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, USA.,Division of Sport Science & Sport Science Institute, Incheon National University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Rong Li
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, USA.,Drug Discovery Research Center, Luzhou Medical College, Luzhou, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Miles A Tanner
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Jianbo Wu
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, USA.,Drug Discovery Research Center, Luzhou Medical College, Luzhou, China
| | - Michael A Hill
- Department of Medical Pharmacology & Physiology, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, USA.,Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Thompson LP, Aguan K, Zhou H. Chronic Hypoxia Inhibits Contraction of Fetal Arteries by Increased Endothelium-Derived Nitric Oxide and Prostaglandin Synthesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 11:511-20. [PMID: 15582495 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsgi.2004.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chronic hypoxia causes redistribution of fetal cardiac output by mechanisms poorly understood. We tested the hypothesis that chronic hypoxia alters vascular reactivity of arteries from near-term fetal guinea pigs. METHODS Pregnant guinea pigs (50 days, term = 65 days) were exposed to either normoxia (room air) or hypoxia (12% O2) for 14 days. Carotid artery ring segments from anesthetized fetuses were mounted onto myographs for measurement of force. Contractile responses to cumulative addition of prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF2alpha, 10(-9) M to 10(-5) M), U46619, a thromboxane mimetic (10(-12) M to 12(-6) M), and KCl (10 to 120 mM) were measured in the presence and absence of INDO (INDO, 10(-5) M) alone and INDO plus nitro-L-arginine (LNA, 10(-4) M), or INDO plus N6-iminoethyl-L-lysine (LNIL, 5 x 10(-5) M, a selective iNOS inhibitor), and measured in endothelium-intact and denuded arteries. Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity was measured in isolated arteries by 14C-L-arginine to 14C-L-citrulline conversion. RESULTS Hypoxia decreased contractile responses to both PGF2alpha and U46619 under control conditions. Maximal contraction to both agonists was increased in hypoxemic arteries after INDO alone and INDO + LNA compared to normoxic controls. Endothelium-denudation abolished the differences between the groups. KCl contraction was unaffected by hypoxia. LNIL potentiated maximal PGF(2alpha) contraction but was similar between groups. Hypoxia increased (P < .05) total and Ca(2+)-dependent NOS activities by 1.7- and 2.1-fold, respectively, but had no effect on Ca(2+)-independent activity. CONCLUSION Chronic hypoxia alters vascular reactivity of fetal carotid arteries by increasing the contribution of both vasodilator prostaglandins and nitric oxide and suggests that changes in local vascular mechanisms may be altered by chronic hypoxia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Loren P Thompson
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Chakrabarti S, Wu J. Bioactive peptides on endothelial function. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2015.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
18
|
Omanwar S, Fahim M. Mercury Exposure and Endothelial Dysfunction: An Interplay Between Nitric Oxide and Oxidative Stress. Int J Toxicol 2015; 34:300-7. [PMID: 26060268 DOI: 10.1177/1091581815589766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Vascular endothelium plays a vital role in the organization and function of the blood vessel and maintains homeostasis of the circulatory system and normal arterial function. Functional disruption of the endothelium is recognized as the beginning event that triggers the development of consequent cardiovascular disease (CVD) including atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease. There is a growing data associating mercury exposure with endothelial dysfunction and higher risk of CVD. This review explores and evaluates the impact of mercury exposure on CVD and endothelial function, highlighting the interplay of nitric oxide and oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Swati Omanwar
- School of Sciences, Indira Gandhi National Open University, New Delhi, India
| | - M Fahim
- Hamdard Institute of Medical Science and Research, Hamdard University, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
d'Emmanuele di Villa Bianca R, Mitidieri E, Donnarumma E, Tramontano T, Brancaleone V, Cirino G, Bucci M, Sorrentino R. Hydrogen sulfide is involved in dexamethasone-induced hypertension in rat. Nitric Oxide 2015; 46:80-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2014.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Revised: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
20
|
Hennessey JC, Stuyvers BD, McGuire JJ. Small caliber arterial endothelial cells calcium signals elicited by PAR2 are preserved from endothelial dysfunction. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2015; 3:e00112. [PMID: 25729579 PMCID: PMC4324686 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cell (EC)-dependent vasodilation by proteinase-activated receptor 2 (PAR2) is preserved in small caliber arteries in disease states where vasodilation by muscarinic receptors is decreased. In this study, we identified and characterized the PAR2-mediated intracellular calcium (Ca2+)-release mechanisms in EC from small caliber arteries in healthy and diseased states. Mesenteric arterial EC were isolated from PAR2 wild-type (WT) and null mice, after saline (controls) or angiotensin II (AngII) infusion, for imaging intracellular calcium and characterizing the calcium-release system by immunofluorescence. EC Ca2+ signals comprised two forms of Ca2+-release events that had distinct spatial-temporal properties and occurred near either the plasmalemma (peripheral) or center of EC. In healthy EC, PAR2-dependent increases in the densities and firing rates of both forms of Ca2+-release were abolished by inositol 1,4,5- trisphosphate receptor (IP3R) inhibitor, but partially reduced by transient potential vanilloid channels inhibitor ruthenium red (RR). Acetylcholine (ACh)-induced less overall Ca2+-release than PAR2 activation, but enhanced selectively the incidence of central events. PAR2-dependent Ca2+-activity, inhibitors sensitivities, IP3R, small- and intermediate-conductance Ca2+-activated potassium channels expressions were unchanged in EC from AngII WT. However, the same cells exhibited decreases in ACh-induced Ca2+-release, RR sensitivity, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression, indicating AngII-induced dysfunction was differentiated by receptor, Ca2+-release, and downstream targets of EC activation. We conclude that PAR2 and muscarinic receptors selectively elicit two elementary Ca2+ signals in single EC. PAR2-selective IP3R-dependent peripheral Ca2+-release mechanisms are identical between healthy and diseased states. Further study of PAR2-selective Ca2+-release for eliciting pathological and/or normal EC functions is warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John C Hennessey
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Division of BioMedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Bruno D Stuyvers
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Division of BioMedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - John J McGuire
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Division of BioMedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
El-Daly M, Saifeddine M, Mihara K, Ramachandran R, Triggle CR, Hollenberg MD. Proteinase-activated receptors 1 and 2 and the regulation of porcine coronary artery contractility: a role for distinct tyrosine kinase pathways. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 171:2413-25. [PMID: 24506284 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Revised: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Because angiotensin-II-mediated porcine coronary artery (PCA) vasoconstriction is blocked by protein tyrosine kinase (PYK) inhibitors, we hypothesized that proteinase-activated receptors (PARs), known to regulate vascular tension, like angiotensin-II, would also cause PCA contractions via PYK-dependent signalling pathways. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Contractions of intact and endothelium-free isolated PCA rings, stimulated by PAR1 /PAR2 -activating peptides, angiotensin-II, PGF2α , EGF, PDGF and KCl, were monitored with/without multiple signalling pathway inhibitors, including AG-tyrphostins AG18 (non-specific PYKs), AG1478 (EGF-receptor kinase), AG1296 (PDGF receptor kinase), PP1 (Src kinase), U0126 and PD98059 (MEK/MAPKinase kinase), indomethacin/SC-560/NS-398 (COX-1/2) and L-NAME (NOS). KEY RESULTS AG18 inhibited the contractions induced by all the agonists except KCl, whereas U0126 attenuated contractions induced by PAR1 /PAR2 agonists, EGF and angiotensin-II, but not by PGF2α , the COX-produced metabolites of arachidonate and KCl. PP1 only affected the responses to PAR1 /PAR2 -activating peptides and angiotensin-II. The EGF-kinase inhibitor, AG1478, attenuated contractions initiated by the PARs (PAR2 >> PAR1 ) and EGF itself, but not by angiotensin-II, PGF2α or KCl. COX-1/2 inhibitors blocked the contractions induced by all the agonists, except KCl and PGF2α . CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS PAR1/2 -mediated contractions of the PCA are dependent on Src and MAPKinase and, in part, involve EGF-receptor-kinase transactivation and the generation of a COX-derived contractile agonist. However, the PYK signalling pathways used by PARs are distinct from each other and from those triggered by angiotensin-II and EGF. These signalling pathways may be therapeutic targets for managing coagulation-proteinase-induced coronary vasospasm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud El-Daly
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta and the Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Calgary, AB, Canada; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Calgary Faculty of Medicine, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Freestone B, Krishnamoorthy S, Lip GYH. Assessment of endothelial dysfunction. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2014; 8:557-71. [DOI: 10.1586/erc.09.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
|
23
|
Mitchell WK, Phillips BE, Williams JP, Rankin D, Smith K, Lund JN, Atherton PJ. Development of a new Sonovue™ contrast-enhanced ultrasound approach reveals temporal and age-related features of muscle microvascular responses to feeding. Physiol Rep 2013; 1:e00119. [PMID: 24303186 PMCID: PMC3841050 DOI: 10.1002/phy2.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Revised: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Compromised limb blood flow in aging may contribute to the development of sarcopenia, frailty, and the metabolic syndrome. We developed a novel contrast-enhanced ultrasound technique using Sonovue™ to characterize muscle microvasculature responses to an oral feeding stimulus (15 g essential amino acids) in young (∼20 years) and older (∼70 years) men. Intensity-time replenishment curves were made via an ultrasound probe “fixed” over the quadriceps, with intermittent high mechanical index destruction of microbubbles within muscle vasculature. This permitted real-time measures of microvascular blood volume (MBV), microvascular flow velocity (MFV) and their product, microvascular blood flow (MBF). Leg blood flow (LBF) was measured by Doppler and insulin by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Steady-state contrast concentrations needed for comparison between different physiological states were achieved <150 sec from commencing Sonovue™ infusion, and MFV and MBV measurements were completed <120 sec thereafter. Interindividual coefficients of variation in MBV and MFV were 35–40%, (N = 36). Younger men (N = 6) exhibited biphasic vascular responses to feeding with early increases in MBV (+36%, P < 0.008 45 min post feed) reflecting capillary recruitment, and late increases in MFV (+77%, P < 0.008) and MBF (+130%, P < 0.007 195 min post feed) reflecting more proximal vessel dilatation. Early MBV responses were synchronized with peak insulin but not increased LBF, while later changes in MFV and MBF occurred with insulin at post absorptive values but alongside increased LBF. All circulatory responses were absent in old men (N = 7). Thus, impaired postprandial circulation could impact age-related declines in muscle glucose disposal, protein anabolism, and muscle mass.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William Kyle Mitchell
- Division of Clinical Metabolic and Molecular Physiology, School of Graduate Entry Medicine and Health, University of Nottingham Derby, U.K. ; Department of Surgery, Royal Derby Hospital Derby, U.K
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
The contribution of d-tubocurarine-sensitive and apamin-sensitive K-channels to EDHF-mediated relaxation of mesenteric arteries from eNOS-/- mice. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2012; 59:413-25. [PMID: 22217882 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0b013e318248acd9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The nature of the potassium channels involved in determining endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor-mediated relaxation was investigated in first-order small mesenteric arteries from male endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS-/-)-knockout and control (+/+) mice. Acetylcholine-induced endothelium-dependent relaxation of small mesenteric arteries of eNOS-/- was resistant to N-nitro-L-arginine and indomethacin and the guanylyl cyclase inhibitor, 1H-(1,2,4) oxadiazolo (4,3-a) quinoxalin-1-one. Apamin and the combination of apamin and iberiotoxin or apamin and charybdotoxin induced a transient endothelium-dependent contraction of small mesenteric arteries from both eNOS-/- and +/+ mice. Acetylcholine-induced relaxation in eNOS-/- mice was unaffected by charybdotoxin or apamin alone but significantly inhibited by the combination of these agents. However, the combination of scyllatoxin and iberiotoxin did not mimic the inhibitory effect of the apamin/charybdotoxin combination. Tubocurarine alone completely blocked acetylcholine-induced relaxation in eNOS-/- mice. Single channel analysis of myocytes from small mesenteric arterioles revealed a large conductance calcium-activated potassium channel that was sensitive to iberiotoxin, charybdotoxin, and tetraethylammonium. Tubocurarine blocked this channel from the cytosolic side but not when applied extracellularly. Solutions of nitric oxide (NO) gas also relaxed small mesenteric arteries that had been contracted with cirazoline in a concentration-dependent manner, and the sensitivity to NO was reduced by iberiotoxin and the combination of apamin, scyllatoxin, or tubocurarine with charybdotoxin but not by apamin, charybdotoxin, scyllatoxin, or tubocurarine alone. These data indicate that acetylcholine-induced endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor-mediated relaxation in small mesenteric arteries from eNOS-/- involved the activation of tubocurarine and apamin-/charybdotoxin-sensitive K-channels. In eNOS+/+ mice, the acetylcholine-induced response was primarily mediated by NO and was sensitive to iberiotoxin and the combination of apamin and charybdotoxin.
Collapse
|
25
|
Senadheera S, Kim Y, Grayson TH, Toemoe S, Kochukov MY, Abramowitz J, Housley GD, Bertrand RL, Chadha PS, Bertrand PP, Murphy TV, Tare M, Birnbaumer L, Marrelli SP, Sandow SL. Transient receptor potential canonical type 3 channels facilitate endothelium-derived hyperpolarization-mediated resistance artery vasodilator activity. Cardiovasc Res 2012; 95:439-47. [PMID: 22721989 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvs208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Microdomain signalling mechanisms underlie key aspects of artery function and the modulation of intracellular calcium, with transient receptor potential (TRP) channels playing an integral role. This study determines the distribution and role of TRP canonical type 3 (C3) channels in the control of endothelium-derived hyperpolarization (EDH)-mediated vasodilator tone in rat mesenteric artery. METHODS AND RESULTS TRPC3 antibody specificity was verified using rat tissue, human embryonic kidney (HEK)-293 cells stably transfected with mouse TRPC3 cDNA, and TRPC3 knock-out (KO) mouse tissue using western blotting and confocal and ultrastructural immunohistochemistry. TRPC3-Pyr3 (ethyl-1-(4-(2,3,3-trichloroacrylamide)phenyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylate) specificity was verified using patch clamp of mouse mesenteric artery endothelial and TRPC3-transfected HEK cells, and TRPC3 KO and wild-type mouse aortic endothelial cell calcium imaging and mesenteric artery pressure myography. TRPC3 distribution, expression, and role in EDH-mediated function were examined in rat mesenteric artery using immunohistochemistry and western blotting, and pressure myography and endothelial cell membrane potential recordings. In rat mesenteric artery, TRPC3 was diffusely distributed in the endothelium, with approximately five-fold higher expression at potential myoendothelial microdomain contact sites, and immunoelectron microscopy confirmed TRPC3 at these sites. Western blotting and endothelial damage confirmed primary endothelial TRPC3 expression. In rat mesenteric artery endothelial cells, Pyr3 inhibited hyperpolarization generation, and with individual SK(Ca) (apamin) or IK(Ca) (TRAM-34) block, Pyr3 abolished the residual respective IK(Ca)- and SK(Ca)-dependent EDH-mediated vasodilation. CONCLUSION The spatial localization of TRPC3 and associated channels, receptors, and calcium stores are integral for myoendothelial microdomain function. TRPC3 facilitates endothelial SK(Ca) and IK(Ca) activation, as key components of EDH-mediated vasodilator activity and for regulating mesenteric artery tone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sevvandi Senadheera
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Triggle CR, Samuel SM, Ravishankar S, Marei I, Arunachalam G, Ding H. The endothelium: influencing vascular smooth muscle in many ways. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2012; 90:713-38. [PMID: 22625870 DOI: 10.1139/y2012-073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The endothelium, although only a single layer of cells lining the vascular and lymphatic systems, contributes in multiple ways to vascular homeostasis. Subsequent to the 1980 report by Robert Furchgott and John Zawadzki, there has been a phenomenal increase in our knowledge concerning the signalling molecules and pathways that regulate endothelial - vascular smooth muscle communication. It is now recognised that the endothelium is not only an important source of nitric oxide (NO), but also numerous other signalling molecules, including the putative endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF), prostacyclin (PGI(2)), and hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)), which have both vasodilator and vasoconstrictor properties. In addition, the endothelium, either via transferred chemical mediators, such as NO and PGI(2), and (or) low-resistance electrical coupling through myoendothelial gap junctions, modulates flow-mediated vasodilatation as well as influencing mitogenic activity, platelet aggregation, and neutrophil adhesion. Disruption of endothelial function is an early indicator of the development of vascular disease, and thus an important area for further research and identification of potentially new therapeutic targets. This review focuses on the signalling pathways that regulate endothelial - vascular smooth muscle communication and the mechanisms that initiate endothelial dysfunction, particularly with respect to diabetic vascular disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chris R Triggle
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, P.O. Box 24144, Education City, Doha, Qatar.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Li Y, Mihara K, Saifeddine M, Krawetz A, Lau DCW, Li H, Ding H, Triggle CR, Hollenberg MD. Perivascular adipose tissue-derived relaxing factors: release by peptide agonists via proteinase-activated receptor-2 (PAR2) and non-PAR2 mechanisms. Br J Pharmacol 2012; 164:1990-2002. [PMID: 21615723 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01501.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE We hypothesized that proteinase-activated receptor-2 (PAR2)-mediated vasorelaxation in murine aorta tissue can be due in part to the release of adipocyte-derived relaxing factors (ADRFs). EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Aortic rings from obese TallyHo and C57Bl6 intact or PAR2-null mice either without or with perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) were contracted with phenylephrine and relaxation responses to PAR2-selective activating peptides (PAR2-APs: SLIGRL-NH(2) and 2-furoyl-LIGRLO-NH(2) ), trypsin and to PAR2-inactive peptides (LRGILS-NH(2) , 2-furoyl-OLRGIL-NH(2) and LSIGRL-NH(2) ) were measured. Relaxation was monitored in the absence or presence of inhibitors that either alone or in combination were previously shown to inhibit ADRF-mediated responses: L-NAME (NOS), indomethacin (COX), ODQ (guanylate cyclase), catalase (H(2) O(2) ) and the K(+) channel-targeted reagents, apamin, charybdotoxin, 4-aminopyridine and glibenclamide. KEY RESULTS Endothelium-intact PVAT-free preparations did not respond to PAR2-inactive peptides (LRGILS-NH(2) , LSIGRL-NH(2) , 2-furoyl-OLRGIL-NH(2) ), whereas active PAR2-APs (SLIGRL-NH(2) ; 2-furoyl-LIGRLO-NH(2) ) caused an L-NAME-inhibited relaxation. However, in PVAT-containing preparations treated with L-NAME/ODQ/indomethacin together, both PAR2-APs and trypsin caused relaxant responses in PAR2-intact, but not PAR2-null-derived tissues. The PAR2-induced PVAT-dependent relaxation (SLIGRL-NH(2) ) persisted in the presence of apamin plus charybdotoxin, 4-aminopyridine and glibenclamide, but was blocked by catalase, implicating a role for H(2) O(2) . Surprisingly, the PAR2-inactive peptides, LRGILS-NH(2) and 2-furoyl-OLRGIL-NH(2) (but not LSIGRL-NH(2) ), caused relaxation in PVAT-containing preparations from both PAR2-null and PAR2-intact (C57Bl, TallyHo) mice. The LRGILS-NH(2) -induced relaxation was distinct from the PAR2 response, being blocked by 4-aminopyridine, but not catalase. CONCLUSIONS Distinct ADRFs that may modulate vascular tone in pathophysiological settings can be released from murine PVAT by both PAR2-dependent and PAR2-independent mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Li
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary Faculty of Medicine, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Sandow SL, Senadheera S, Grayson TH, Welsh DG, Murphy TV. Calcium and endothelium-mediated vasodilator signaling. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2012; 740:811-31. [PMID: 22453971 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-2888-2_36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Vascular tone refers to the balance between arterial constrictor and dilator activity. The mechanisms that underlie tone are critical for the control of haemodynamics and matching circulatory needs with metabolism, and thus alterations in tone are a primary factor for vascular disease etiology. The dynamic spatiotemporal control of intracellular Ca(2+) levels in arterial endothelial and smooth muscle cells facilitates the modulation of multiple vascular signaling pathways. Thus, control of Ca(2+) levels in these cells is integral for the maintenance of tone and blood flow, and intimately associated with both physiological and pathophysiological states. Hence, understanding the mechanisms that underlie the modulation of vascular Ca(2+) activity is critical for both fundamental knowledge of artery function, and for the development of targeted therapies. This brief review highlights the role of Ca(2+) signaling in vascular endothelial function, with a focus on contact-mediated vasodilator mechanisms associated with endothelium-derived hyperpolarization and the longitudinal conduction of responses over distance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaun L Sandow
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, 2052 Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
It has been known for more than 60 years, and suspected for over 100, that alveolar hypoxia causes pulmonary vasoconstriction by means of mechanisms local to the lung. For the last 20 years, it has been clear that the essential sensor, transduction, and effector mechanisms responsible for hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) reside in the pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell. The main focus of this review is the cellular and molecular work performed to clarify these intrinsic mechanisms and to determine how they are facilitated and inhibited by the extrinsic influences of other cells. Because the interaction of intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms is likely to shape expression of HPV in vivo, we relate results obtained in cells to HPV in more intact preparations, such as intact and isolated lungs and isolated pulmonary vessels. Finally, we evaluate evidence regarding the contribution of HPV to the physiological and pathophysiological processes involved in the transition from fetal to neonatal life, pulmonary gas exchange, high-altitude pulmonary edema, and pulmonary hypertension. Although understanding of HPV has advanced significantly, major areas of ignorance and uncertainty await resolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J. T. Sylvester
- Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; and Division of Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology, School of Medicine, King's College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Larissa A. Shimoda
- Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; and Division of Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology, School of Medicine, King's College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Philip I. Aaronson
- Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; and Division of Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology, School of Medicine, King's College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy P. T. Ward
- Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; and Division of Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology, School of Medicine, King's College, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Qi M, Hang C, Zhu L, Shi J. Involvement of endothelial-derived relaxing factors in the regulation of cerebral blood flow. Neurol Sci 2011; 32:551-7. [PMID: 21584736 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-011-0622-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2011] [Accepted: 05/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Despite numerous researches and advances in the present times, delayed cerebral vasospasm remains a severe complication leading to a high mortality and morbidity in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Since the discovery of endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) in 1980, its role in delayed cerebral vasospasm after SAH has been widely investigated as well as in regulation of basic cerebral blood flow, pathophysiology of vasoconstriction and application on prevention and treatment of cerebral vasospasm. Among all the EDRFs, nitric oxide has caught the most attention, and the other substances which display similar properties with characteristics of EDRF such as carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S), hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)), potassium ion (K(+)) and methane (CH(4)) have also evoked great interest in the research field. This review provides an overview of recent advances in investigations on the involvement of EDRFs in the regulation of cerebral blood flow, especially in cerebral vasospasm after SAH. Possible therapeutic measures and potential clinical implications for cerebral vasospasm are also summarized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Qi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Acute DPP-4 inhibition modulates vascular tone through GLP-1 independent pathways. Vascul Pharmacol 2011; 55:2-9. [PMID: 21397040 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2011.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2010] [Revised: 02/28/2011] [Accepted: 03/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Evidence from both clinical and experimental studies indicates that Di-peptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-4) inhibition may mediate favorable effects on the cardiovascular system. The objective of this study was to examine the acute effects of DPP-4 inhibition on vascular responses and to study the underlying mechanisms of alteration in tone. Aortic segments from C57BL/6 mice were treated with vasoconstrictors and exposed to various doses of alogliptin, a selective DPP-4 inhibitor. Vasodilator responses were evaluated using pathway specific antagonists to elucidate mechanisms of response. In parallel experiments, cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were exposed to varying concentrations of alogliptin to evaluate the effects on candidate vasodilator pathways. Alogliptin relaxed phenylephrine and U46619 pre-constricted aortic segments in a dose dependent manner. Relaxation responses were not affected by the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor antagonist, exendin fragment 9-39 (88 ± 6 vs. 91 ± 2, p < 0.001). Vascular relaxation to alogliptin was significantly decreased by endothelial denudation, L-N(G)-monomethyl-arginine citrate (L-NMMA) and by the soluble guanylate cyclase inhibitor ODQ. DPP-4 inhibition induced relaxation was completely abolished by a combination of L-NMMA, charybdotoxin and apamin. Incubation of HUVECs with alogliptin resulted in eNOS and Akt phosphorylation (Ser(1177) and Ser(473) respectively) paralleled by a rapid increase in nitric oxide. Inhibition of Src kinase decreased eNOS and Akt phosphorylation, in contrast to a lack of any effect on insulin mediated activation of the eNOS-Akt, suggesting that alogliptin mediates vasodilation through Src kinase mediated effects on eNOS-Akt. DPP-4 inhibition by alogliptin mediates rapid vascular relaxation via GLP-1 independent, Src-Akt-eNOS mediated NO release and the activation of vascular potassium channels.
Collapse
|
32
|
Haddock RE, Grayson TH, Morris MJ, Howitt L, Chadha PS, Sandow SL. Diet-induced obesity impairs endothelium-derived hyperpolarization via altered potassium channel signaling mechanisms. PLoS One 2011; 6:e16423. [PMID: 21283658 PMCID: PMC3025034 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0016423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2010] [Accepted: 12/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The vascular endothelium plays a critical role in the control of blood flow. Altered endothelium-mediated vasodilator and vasoconstrictor mechanisms underlie key aspects of cardiovascular disease, including those in obesity. Whilst the mechanism of nitric oxide (NO)-mediated vasodilation has been extensively studied in obesity, little is known about the impact of obesity on vasodilation to the endothelium-derived hyperpolarization (EDH) mechanism; which predominates in smaller resistance vessels and is characterized in this study. Methodology/Principal Findings Membrane potential, vessel diameter and luminal pressure were recorded in 4th order mesenteric arteries with pressure-induced myogenic tone, in control and diet-induced obese rats. Obesity, reflecting that of human dietary etiology, was induced with a cafeteria-style diet (∼30 kJ, fat) over 16–20 weeks. Age and sexed matched controls received standard chow (∼12 kJ, fat). Channel protein distribution, expression and vessel morphology were determined using immunohistochemistry, Western blotting and ultrastructural techniques. In control and obese rat vessels, acetylcholine-mediated EDH was abolished by small and intermediate conductance calcium-activated potassium channel (SKCa/IKCa) inhibition; with such activity being impaired in obesity. SKCa-IKCa activation with cyclohexyl-[2-(3,5-dimethyl-pyrazol-1-yl)-6-methyl-pyrimidin-4-yl]-amine (CyPPA) and 1-ethyl-2-benzimidazolinone (1-EBIO), respectively, hyperpolarized and relaxed vessels from control and obese rats. IKCa-mediated EDH contribution was increased in obesity, and associated with altered IKCa distribution and elevated expression. In contrast, the SKCa-dependent-EDH component was reduced in obesity. Inward-rectifying potassium channel (Kir) and Na+/K+-ATPase inhibition by barium/ouabain, respectively, attenuated and abolished EDH in arteries from control and obese rats, respectively; reflecting differential Kir expression and distribution. Although changes in medial properties occurred, obesity had no effect on myoendothelial gap junction density. Conclusion/Significance In obese rats, vasodilation to EDH is impaired due to changes in the underlying potassium channel signaling mechanisms. Whilst myoendothelial gap junction density is unchanged in arteries of obese compared to control, increased IKCa and Na+/K+-ATPase, and decreased Kir underlie changes in the EDH mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca E. Haddock
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Neuroscience, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
- * E-mail: (REH); (SLS)
| | - T. Hilton Grayson
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Margaret J. Morris
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lauren Howitt
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Preet S. Chadha
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Shaun L. Sandow
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- * E-mail: (REH); (SLS)
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Triggle CR, Ding H. A review of endothelial dysfunction in diabetes: a focus on the contribution of a dysfunctional eNOS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 4:102-15. [PMID: 20470995 DOI: 10.1016/j.jash.2010.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2009] [Revised: 01/25/2010] [Accepted: 02/04/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Although the etiology of vascular dysfunction in diabetes has been extensively investigated in both humans as well as animal models of human diabetes, the relative importance of the cellular pathways involved is still not fully understood. In this review, we focus on reviewing the literature that provides insights into how an acute exposure to hyperglycemia results in a dysregulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase function, the subsequent downstream effects of endothelial nitric oxide synthase dysregulation, and the development of endothelial dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chris R Triggle
- Department of Medical Education, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Education City, Doha, Qatar.
| | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Ding H, Triggle CR. Endothelial dysfunction in diabetes: multiple targets for treatment. Pflugers Arch 2010; 459:977-94. [PMID: 20238124 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-010-0807-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2010] [Revised: 02/13/2010] [Accepted: 02/16/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Robert Furchgott's discovery of the obligatory role that the endothelium plays in the regulation of vascular tone has proved to be a major advance in terms of our understanding of the cellular basis of diabetic vascular disease. Endothelial dysfunction, as defined by a reduction in the vasodilatation response to an endothelium-dependent vasodilator (such as acetylcholine) or to flow-mediated vasodilatation, is an early indicator for the development of the micro- and macroangipathy that is associated with diabetes. In diabetes, hyperglycaemia plays a key role in the initiation and development of endothelial dysfunction; however, the cellular mechanisms involved as well as the importance of dyslipidaemia and co-morbidities such as hypertension and obesity remain incompletely understood. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms whereby hyperglycaemia, oxidative stress and dyslipidaemia can alter endothelial function and highlight their effects on endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), the endothelium-dependent hyperpolarising factor (EDHF) pathway(s), as well as on the role of endothelium-derived contracting factors (EDCFs) and adipocyte-derived vasoactive factors such as adipose-derived relaxing factor (ADRF).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Ding
- Department of Pharmacology & Medical Education, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, P.O. Box 24144, Education City, Doha, Qatar
| | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Gao F, Wang DH. Impairment in function and expression of transient receptor potential vanilloid type 4 in Dahl salt-sensitive rats: significance and mechanism. Hypertension 2010; 55:1018-25. [PMID: 20194297 PMCID: PMC2862636 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.109.147710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
To examine the role of transient receptor potential vanilloid type 4 (TRPV4) channels in the development of salt-sensitive hypertension, male Dahl salt-sensitive (DS) and -resistant (DR) rats were fed a low-salt (LS) or high-salt (HS) diet for 3 weeks. DS-HS but not DR-HS rats developed hypertension. 4alpha-Phorbol-12,13-didecanoate (a selective TRPV4 activator; 2.5 mg/kg IV) decreased mean arterial pressure in all of the groups with the greatest effects in DR-HS and the least in DS-HS rats (P<0.05). Depressor effects of 4alpha-phorbol-12,13-didecanoate but not dihydrocapsaicin (a selective TRPV1 agonist; 30 microg/kg IV) were abolished by ruthenium red (a TRPV4 antagonist; 3 mg/kg IV) in all of the groups. Blockade of TRPV4 with ruthenium red increased mean arterial pressure in DR-HS rats only (P<0.05). TRPV4 protein contents were decreased in the renal cortex, medulla, and dorsal root ganglia in DS-HS compared with DS-LS rats but increased in dorsal root ganglia and mesenteric arteries in DR-HS compared with DR-LS rats (P<0.05). Mean arterial pressure responses to blockade of small- and large-/intermediate-conductance Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channels (Maxikappa channels) with apamin and charybdotoxin, respectively, were examined. Apamin (100 microg/kg) plus charybdotoxin (100 microg/kg) abolished 4alpha-phorbol-12,13-didecanoate-induced hypotension in DR-LS, DR-HS, and DS-LS rats only. Thus, HS-induced enhancement of TRPV4 function and expression in sensory neurons and resistant vessels in DR rats may prevent salt-induced hypertension possibly via activation of Maxikappa channels given that blockade of TRPV4 elevates mean arterial pressure. In contrast, HS-induced suppression of TRPV4 function and expression in sensory neurons and kidneys in DS rats may contribute to increased salt sensitivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Gao
- Department of Medicine, Michigan State University, Michigan
| | - Donna H. Wang
- Department of Medicine, Michigan State University, Michigan
- Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, Michigan
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Michigan State University, Michigan
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Tom ENL, Girard C, Dimo T, Mbafor JT, Berthelot A, Demougeot C. Vasorelaxant effects of extracts of the stem bark of Terminalia superba Engler & Diels (Combretaceae). JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2010; 127:335-340. [PMID: 19897023 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2009.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2009] [Accepted: 10/29/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY The stem bark of Terminalia superba (Combretaceae) (TS) is used in traditional Cameroonian medicine as antihypertensive remedy. In the present study, we investigated the vasorelaxant properties of different extracts of TS and their underlying mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Activities of aqueous (AQU), methanolic (MET), methylene chloride (MC), and methylene chloride-methanol (MCM) extracts of TS were evaluated on isolated rat aortic rings precontracted with phenylephrine (PE) or high KCl. RESULTS All extracts induced a vasodilating effect both on KCl- and PE-induced contractions. The effects of MC and MCM extracts were greater than those of AQU or MET extracts (P<0.05). MC had an endothelium-independent effect and reduced Ca(++)-induced contraction following PE or KCl challenge (P<0.05). After incubation with verapamil, MC induced a relaxation in rings precontracted by PE (P<0.001). By contrast, the effect of MCM was endothelium-dependent and decreased by the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor N(W)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate that the MC extract exhibits vasorelaxant effects that are partly due to inhibition of extracellular Ca(++) influx and/or inhibition of intracellular Ca(++) release in vascular smooth muscle cells. By contrast, the effect of the MCM extract was found to be endothelium- and nitric oxide dependent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Esther Ngo Lemba Tom
- EA 4267 Sciences Séparatives, Biologiques et Pharmaceutiques, UFR des Sciences Médicales et Pharmaceutiques, 25030 Besançon, France
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Abstract
Despite the apparent consensus on the existence of endothelial dysfunction in conduit and resistance arteries of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), a commonly employed experimental model of hypertension, there are a number of reports showing that endothelium-dependent vasodilatory responses are similar, or even increased, in SHR compared with their normotensive counterparts. The present paper aims to discuss the rationale for these apparent discrepancies, including the effect of age, type of artery and methodological aspects. Data from the literature indicate that the age of the animal is a contributing factor and that endothelial dysfunction is likely to be a consequence of hypertension. In addition, the use of antioxidant additives, such as ascorbic acid or ethylene diaminetetraacetic acid, and differences in the level of initial arterial stretch, might also be of importance because they may modify the oxidative status of the artery and the levels of vasoactive factors released by the endothelium.
Collapse
|
38
|
Lenasi H. The role of nitric oxide- and prostacyclin-independent vasodilatation in the human cutaneous microcirculation: effect of cytochrome P450 2C9 inhibition. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 2009; 29:263-70. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1475-097x.2009.00862.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
39
|
Burger NZ, Kuzina OY, Osol G, Gokina NI. Estrogen replacement enhances EDHF-mediated vasodilation of mesenteric and uterine resistance arteries: role of endothelial cell Ca2+. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2009; 296:E503-12. [PMID: 19126786 PMCID: PMC2660142 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.90517.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF) plays an important role in the regulation of vascular microcirculatory tone. This study explores the role of estrogen in controlling EDHF-mediated vasodilation of uterine resistance arteries of the rat and also analyzes the contribution of endothelial cell (EC) Ca(2+) signaling to this process. A parallel study was also performed with mesenteric arteries to provide comparison with a nonreproductive vasculature. Mature female rats underwent ovariectomy, with one half receiving 17beta-estradiol replacement (OVX+E) and the other half serving as estrogen-deficient controls (OVX). Uterine or mesenteric resistance arteries were harvested, cannulated, and pressurized. Nitric oxide and prostacyclin production were inhibited with 200 microM N(G)-nitro-l-arginine and 10 microM indomethacin, respectively. ACh effectively dilated the arteries preconstricted with phenylephrine but failed to induce dilation of vessels preconstricted with high-K(+) solution. ACh EC(50) values were decreased by estrogen replacement by five- and twofold in uterine and mesenteric arteries, respectively. As evidenced by fura-2-based measurements of EC cytoplasmic Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)), estrogen replacement was associated with increased basal and ACh-stimulated EC [Ca(2+)](i) rise in uterine, but not mesenteric, vessels. These data demonstrate that EDHF contributes to endothelium-dependent vasodilation of uterine and mesenteric resistance arteries and that estrogen controls EDHF-related mechanism(s) more efficiently in reproductive vs. nonreproductive vessels. Enhanced endothelial Ca(2+) signaling may be an important underlying mechanism in estrogenic modulation of EDHF-mediated vasodilation in small resistance uterine arteries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Z Burger
- Department of Obstetrics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Abstract
The endothelium synthesizes and releases several vasodilator substances, including prostacyclin, nitric oxide (NO), and endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF). We have demonstrated that endothelium-derived hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is an EDHF in animals and humans and that superoxide anions derived from endothelial nitric oxide synthases (NOSs) system are an important precursor for EDHF/H2O2 in mice. There are several intracellular sources of superoxide anions other than NOSs, including NAD(P)H oxidase, xanthine oxidase, lipoxygenase, and mitochondrial electron transport chain. In this study, we examined the possible role of endothelial oxidases other than NOSs in the EDHF-mediated responses. In angiotensin II-infused mice, both EDHF-mediated relaxations and hyperpolarizations to acetylcholine were significantly reduced, nitric oxide-mediated relaxations were rather enhanced, and vascular smooth muscle responses were preserved. Antihypertensive treatment normalized blood pressure but failed to improve EDHF-mediated responses in those mice. Acute inhibition of endothelial oxidases other than NOSs, including NAD(P)H oxidase, xanthine oxidase, lipoxygenase, or mitochondrial electron transport chain, had no inhibitory effects on EDHF-mediated responses. Furthermore, in p47phox-knockout mice, EDHF-mediated responses were unaltered. These results suggest that endothelial oxidases other than NOSs are not involved in EDHF/H2O2 responses in mice, suggesting a specific link between endothelial NOSs system and EDHF responses under physiological conditions.
Collapse
|
41
|
Endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor in vascular physiology and cardiovascular disease. Atherosclerosis 2009; 202:330-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2008.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2008] [Revised: 05/16/2008] [Accepted: 06/11/2008] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
42
|
Sandow SL, Haddock RE, Hill CE, Chadha PS, Kerr PM, Welsh DG, Plane F. WHAT'S WHERE AND WHY AT A VASCULAR MYOENDOTHELIAL MICRODOMAIN SIGNALLING COMPLEX. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2009; 36:67-76. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2008.05076.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
43
|
|
44
|
Ellis A, Cheng ZJ, Li Y, Jiang YF, Yang J, Pannirselvam M, Ding H, Hollenberg MD, Triggle CR. Effects of a Western diet versus high glucose on endothelium-dependent relaxation in murine micro- and macro-vasculature. Eur J Pharmacol 2008; 601:111-7. [PMID: 18996368 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2008.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2007] [Revised: 10/02/2008] [Accepted: 10/20/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Vascular contractility and endothelium-dependent vasodilatation were studied in mesenteric, aorta and coronary vasculature from male and female LDL receptor deficient (LDLR(-/-)) and wild type C57BL/6 mice fed either a high-fat Western Diet (WD) or regular animal chow (RD). Endothelium-dependent vasodilatation was also studied in small mesenteric arteries and aorta from C57BL/6 mice following a 20 h exposure in vitro to 30 mM glucose. Compared with RD-fed animals, WD-fed LDLR-/- animals had increased body weights, elevated triglycerides and total cholesterol, but not glucose. Control C57BL6 animals had elevated body weight without increased cholesterol, triglyceride or glucose levels. The contractile sensitivity to cirazoline (pD(2)) of small mesenteric arteries was the same for RD-fed LDLR-/- and RD-fed C57BL6 mice, but was reduced in WD-fed male LDLR-/- and WD-fed female C57BL/6 mice. Maximum mesenteric contractile values for cirazoline (Emax) were unchanged; however, the Emax for phenylephrine in the aorta from WD-fed male C57BL/6 (but not LDLR-/- or female C57BL/6) mice was reduced. The Emax for acetylcholine-mediated endothelium-dependent vasodilatation in micro- and macro vessels (small mesenteric artery, coronary artery and aorta) from WD-fed LDLR-/- and C57BL/6 mice was unaltered, in contrast to the reduction in Emax for glucose-exposed tissues. Furthermore, the component of acetylcholine-mediated vasodilatation resistant to the combination of inhibitors of nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase and guanylyl cyclase (nitro L-arginine methyl ester - 100 microM; indomethacin 10 microM and 1H-[1,2,4]-oxadiazolo[4,3,-a]quinoxalin-1-one, ODQ - 10 microM, respectively) was generally greater in WD-fed mice. Thus, vasculature from WD-fed mice with short-term dyslipidaemia do not exhibit reduced endothelium-dependent vasodilatation, but the WD is associated with changes in the overall endothelial-dependent relaxation and contractile responses thus suggesting an impact of diet rather than dyslipidaemia on cellular signalling pathways in vascular tissue. In contrast, acute hyperglycaemia resulted in endothelial dysfunction in both small mesenteric arteries and thoracic aorta.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anthie Ellis
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Smooth Muscle Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Dr NW, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Le Brocq M, Leslie SJ, Milliken P, Megson IL. Endothelial dysfunction: from molecular mechanisms to measurement, clinical implications, and therapeutic opportunities. Antioxid Redox Signal 2008; 10:1631-74. [PMID: 18598143 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2007.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction has been implicated as a key factor in the development of a wide range of cardiovascular diseases, but its definition and mechanisms vary greatly between different disease processes. This review combines evidence from cell-culture experiments, in vitro and in vivo animal models, and clinical studies to identify the variety of mechanisms involved in endothelial dysfunction in its broadest sense. Several prominent disease states, including hypertension, heart failure, and atherosclerosis, are used to illustrate the different manifestations of endothelial dysfunction and to establish its clinical implications in the context of the range of mechanisms involved in its development. The size of the literature relating to this subject precludes a comprehensive survey; this review aims to cover the key elements of endothelial dysfunction in cardiovascular disease and to highlight the importance of the process across many different conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Le Brocq
- Health Faculty, UHI Millennium Institute, Inverness, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Bellien J, Thuillez C, Joannides R. Contribution of endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factors to the regulation of vascular tone in humans. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2008; 22:363-77. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-8206.2008.00610.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
|
47
|
Konan AB, Datté JY, Yapo PA. Nitric oxide pathway-mediated relaxant effect of aqueous sesame leaves extract (Sesamum radiatum Schum. & Thonn.) in the guinea-pig isolated aorta smooth muscle. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2008; 8:23. [PMID: 18505582 PMCID: PMC2426668 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-8-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2008] [Accepted: 05/27/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Sesamum radiatum Schum. & Thonn. (Pedaliaceae) is an annual herbaceous plant, which belongs to the family Pedaliaceae and genus Sesamum. Sesame is used in traditional medicine in Africa and Asia for many diseases treatment. Sesame plant especially the leaves, seed and oil are consumed locally as a staple food by subsistence farmers. The study analyses the relaxation induced by the aqueous extract of leaves from sesame (ESera), compared with those of acetylcholine (ACh) in the guinea-pig aortic preparations (GPAPs), in order to confirm the use in traditional medicine for cardiovascular diseases. Methods The longitudinal strips of aorta of animals were rapidly removed from animals. The aorta was immediately placed in a Mac Ewen solution. Experiments were performed in preparations with intact endothelium as well as in aortae where the endothelium had been removed. The preparations were suspended between two L-shaped stainless steel hooks in a 10 ml organ bath with Mac Ewen solution. The isometric contractile force of the aorta strips of guinea-pig were recorded by using a strain gauge. All both drugs caused concentration-dependent relaxations responses. Results The aqueous extract of leaves from sesame ESera (1 × 10-7 – 0.1 μg/ml) caused a graded relaxation in GPAPs with intact endothelium, with a EC50-value of 1 × 10-4 μg/ml. The same effect was observed with ACh (7 × 10-2 nM – 7 × 10-1 μM), which caused relaxation in a concentration-dependent manner. The relaxation in response to ESera and, like that to ACh in GPAPs without endothelium, was fully abolished. Destruction of the endothelium or incubation with the nitric oxyde synthase inhibitor (L-NNA) significantly enhanced the inhibition of the relaxation response to ESera. Moreover, all concentrations induced vasoconstrictions. However, L-NNA produced a significant displacement to the right (about 65-fold) of the relaxation response to ESera. Similar results were obtained with ACh. Both diclofenac and tetra-ethyl-ammonium (TEA) pretreatment of GPAPs induced a suppression of the relaxation caused by ESera, and produced a very significant rightward shifts of the CRC (16-fold) for diclofenac and increase the Emax. In contract, the relaxation caused by ACh was not significantly affected by diclofenac or by TEA. Conclusion Thus, the present results indicate clearly that the nitric oxide largely contribute to the relaxation effect of Esera and of ACh in GPAPs. In addition, their contractile effects are also mediated by cyclooxygenase activation, and probably the K+ channels involvement, that confirm the use of various preparations of Esera for the treatments of cardiovascular diseases.
Collapse
|
48
|
Khazaei M, Moien-Afshari F, Laher I. Vascular endothelial function in health and diseases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 15:49-67. [PMID: 18434105 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathophys.2008.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2007] [Revised: 02/07/2008] [Accepted: 02/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The vascular endothelium constitutes approximately 1% of body mass (1kg) and has a surface area of approximately 5000m(2). The endothelium is a multifunctional endocrine organ strategically placed between the vessel wall and the circulating blood, and has a key role in vascular homeostasis. The endothelium is both a target for and mediator of cardiovascular disease. The endothelium releases several relaxing and constricting factors, which can affect vascular homeostasis. Endothelial dysfunction, whether caused by physical injury or cellular damage, leads to compensatory responses that alter the normal homeostatic properties of the endothelium. In this review, we summarized some physiological aspects of endothelial function and then we discussed endothelial dysfunction during some pathological conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Khazaei
- Department of Physiology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Li J, Zhou Z, Jiang DJ, Li D, Tan B, Liu H, Li YJ. Reduction of NO- and EDHF-mediated vasodilatation in hypertension: role of asymmetric dimethylarginine. Clin Exp Hypertens 2008; 29:489-501. [PMID: 17994357 DOI: 10.1080/10641960701616194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) is an endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide (NO) synthase (NOS), and endothelial dysfunction is related to the elevation of ADMA level in hypertension. Besides the NO-mediated pathway, the endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF)-mediated pathway is involved in endothelial dysfunction. The aims of the present study were to evaluate the changes of endothelium-dependent dilatation of arteries in hypertension and the role of ADMA in NO- and EDHF-mediated vasodilatation. The great omental arteries were isolated from essential hypertensive and normotensive patients, and mesenteric arteries were isolated from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats. NO-, EDHF-, and prostaglandin (PGI(2))-mediated endothelium-dependent vasodilatation were measured, and plasma concentrations of ADMA were determined in rats. Cultured endothelial cells were treated with ADMA (1-10 microM) for 48 h, and the mRNA and protein level of small-conductance Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channel 3 (SK3), which has been thought to be a key mediator of EDHF, was determined. Both NO- and EDHF-mediated endothelium-dependent responses were decreased in the great omental arteries of hypertensive patients and mesenteric arteries of SHR. Plasma levels of ADMA were significantly increased in SHR. In cultured endothelial cells, the expressions of SK3 mRNA and protein were concentration-dependently down-regulated in the presence of ADMA. The present study suggests that the inhibitory effect of ADMA on endothelial function not only involves NO-mediated endothelium-dependent vasodilatation but also the EDHF-mediated pathways in hypertensive animals and humans, and that ADMA can down-regulate the expression of SK3 channels in endothelial cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
|