1
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Zhao X, Shao S, Hu L. The recent advancement of TCR-T cell therapies for cancer treatment. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2024; 56:663-674. [PMID: 38557898 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2024034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Adoptive cell therapies involve infusing engineered immune cells into cancer patients to recognize and eliminate tumor cells. Adoptive cell therapy, as a form of living drug, has undergone explosive growth over the past decade. The recognition of tumor antigens by the T-cell receptor (TCR) is one of the natural mechanisms that the immune system used to eliminate tumor cells. TCR-T cell therapy, which involves introducing exogenous TCRs into patients' T cells, is a novel cell therapy strategy. TCR-T cell therapy can target the entire proteome of cancer cells. Engineering T cells with exogenous TCRs to help patients combat cancer has achieved success in clinical trials, particularly in treating solid tumors. In this review, we examine the progress of TCR-T cell therapy over the past five years. This includes the discovery of new tumor antigens, protein engineering techniques for TCR, reprogramming strategies for TCR-T cell therapy, clinical studies on TCR-T cell therapy, and the advancement of TCR-T cell therapy in China. We also propose several potential directions for the future development of TCR-T cell therapy.
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2
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Xin W, Huang B, Chi X, Liu Y, Xu M, Zhang Y, Li X, Su Q, Zhou Q. Structures of human γδ T cell receptor-CD3 complex. Nature 2024:10.1038/s41586-024-07439-4. [PMID: 38657677 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07439-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Gamma delta (γδ) T cells, a unique T cell subgroup, are crucial in various immune responses and immunopathology1-3. The γδ T cell receptor (TCR), which is generated by γδ T cells, recognizes a diverse range of antigens independently of the major histocompatibility complex2. The γδ TCR associates with CD3 subunits, initiating T cell activation and holding great potential in immunotherapy4. Here we report the structures of two prototypical human Vγ9Vδ2 and Vγ5Vδ1 TCR-CD3 complexes5,6, revealing two distinct assembly mechanisms that depend on Vγ usage. The Vγ9Vδ2 TCR-CD3 complex is monomeric, with considerable conformational flexibility in the TCRγ-TCRδ extracellular domain and connecting peptides. The length of the connecting peptides regulates the ligand association and T cell activation. A cholesterol-like molecule wedges into the transmembrane region, exerting an inhibitory role in TCR signalling. The Vγ5Vδ1 TCR-CD3 complex displays a dimeric architecture, whereby two protomers nestle back to back through the Vγ5 domains of the TCR extracellular domains. Our biochemical and biophysical assays further corroborate the dimeric structure. Importantly, the dimeric form of the Vγ5Vδ1 TCR is essential for T cell activation. These findings reveal organizing principles of the γδ TCR-CD3 complex, providing insights into the unique properties of γδ TCR and facilitating immunotherapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weizhi Xin
- Research Center for Industries of the Future, Center for Infectious Disease Research, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bangdong Huang
- Research Center for Industries of the Future, Center for Infectious Disease Research, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ximin Chi
- Research Center for Industries of the Future, Center for Infectious Disease Research, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yuehua Liu
- Research Center for Industries of the Future, Center for Infectious Disease Research, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengjiao Xu
- Research Center for Industries of the Future, Center for Infectious Disease Research, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Research Center for Industries of the Future, Center for Infectious Disease Research, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xu Li
- Research Center for Industries of the Future, Center for Infectious Disease Research, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiang Su
- Research Center for Industries of the Future, Center for Infectious Disease Research, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China.
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, China.
- Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Qiang Zhou
- Research Center for Industries of the Future, Center for Infectious Disease Research, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China.
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, China.
- Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, China.
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3
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Shao W, Yao Y, Yang L, Li X, Ge T, Zheng Y, Zhu Q, Ge S, Gu X, Jia R, Song X, Zhuang A. Novel insights into TCR-T cell therapy in solid neoplasms: optimizing adoptive immunotherapy. Exp Hematol Oncol 2024; 13:37. [PMID: 38570883 PMCID: PMC10988985 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-024-00504-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Adoptive immunotherapy in the T cell landscape exhibits efficacy in cancer treatment. Over the past few decades, genetically modified T cells, particularly chimeric antigen receptor T cells, have enabled remarkable strides in the treatment of hematological malignancies. Besides, extensive exploration of multiple antigens for the treatment of solid tumors has led to clinical interest in the potential of T cells expressing the engineered T cell receptor (TCR). TCR-T cells possess the capacity to recognize intracellular antigen families and maintain the intrinsic properties of TCRs in terms of affinity to target epitopes and signal transduction. Recent research has provided critical insight into their capability and therapeutic targets for multiple refractory solid tumors, but also exposes some challenges for durable efficacy. In this review, we describe the screening and identification of available tumor antigens, and the acquisition and optimization of TCRs for TCR-T cell therapy. Furthermore, we summarize the complete flow from laboratory to clinical applications of TCR-T cells. Last, we emerge future prospects for improving therapeutic efficacy in cancer world with combination therapies or TCR-T derived products. In conclusion, this review depicts our current understanding of TCR-T cell therapy in solid neoplasms, and provides new perspectives for expanding its clinical applications and improving therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihuan Shao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhi Zao Ju Road, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiran Yao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhi Zao Ju Road, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Ludi Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhi Zao Ju Road, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoran Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhi Zao Ju Road, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Tongxin Ge
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhi Zao Ju Road, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Zheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhi Zao Ju Road, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuyi Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhi Zao Ju Road, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengfang Ge
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhi Zao Ju Road, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Gu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhi Zao Ju Road, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Renbing Jia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhi Zao Ju Road, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xin Song
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhi Zao Ju Road, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ai Zhuang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhi Zao Ju Road, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China.
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4
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Chang-Gonzalez AC, Mallis RJ, Lang MJ, Reinherz EL, Hwang W. Asymmetric framework motion of TCRαβ controls load-dependent peptide discrimination. eLife 2024; 13:e91881. [PMID: 38167271 PMCID: PMC10869138 DOI: 10.7554/elife.91881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Mechanical force is critical for the interaction between an αβ T cell receptor (TCR) and a peptide-bound major histocompatibility complex (pMHC) molecule to initiate productive T-cell activation. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. We use all-atom molecular dynamics simulations to examine the A6 TCR bound to HLA-A*02:01 presenting agonist or antagonist peptides under different extensions to simulate the effects of applied load on the complex, elucidating their divergent biological responses. We found that TCR α and β chains move asymmetrically, which impacts the interface with pMHC, in particular the peptide-sensing CDR3 loops. For the wild-type agonist, the complex stabilizes in a load-dependent manner while antagonists destabilize it. Simulations of the Cβ FG-loop deletion, which reduces the catch bond response, and simulations with in silico mutant peptides further support the observed behaviors. The present results highlight the combined role of interdomain motion, fluctuating forces, and interfacial contacts in determining the mechanical response and fine peptide discrimination by a TCR, thereby resolving the conundrum of nearly identical crystal structures of TCRαβ-pMHC agonist and antagonist complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C Chang-Gonzalez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationUnited States
| | - Robert J Mallis
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Dana-Farber Cancer InstituteBostonUnited States
- Department of Medicine, Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer InstituteBostonUnited States
| | - Matthew J Lang
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt UniversityNashvilleUnited States
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt UniversityNashvilleUnited States
| | - Ellis L Reinherz
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Dana-Farber Cancer InstituteBostonUnited States
- Department of Medicine, Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer InstituteBostonUnited States
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Wonmuk Hwang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationUnited States
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationUnited States
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationUnited States
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5
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Mo G, Lu X, Wu S, Zhu W. Strategies and rules for tuning TCR-derived therapy. Expert Rev Mol Med 2023; 26:e4. [PMID: 38095091 PMCID: PMC11062142 DOI: 10.1017/erm.2023.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Manipulation of T cells has revolutionized cancer immunotherapy. Notably, the use of T cells carrying engineered T cell receptors (TCR-T) offers a favourable therapeutic pathway, particularly in the treatment of solid tumours. However, major challenges such as limited clinical response efficacy, off-target effects and tumour immunosuppressive microenvironment have hindered the clinical translation of this approach. In this review, we mainly want to guide TCR-T investigators on several major issues they face in the treatment of solid tumours after obtaining specific TCR sequences: (1) whether we have to undergo affinity maturation or not, and what parameter we should use as a criterion for being more effective. (2) What modifications can be added to counteract the tumour inhibitory microenvironment to make our specific T cells to be more effective and what is the safety profile of such modifications? (3) What are the new forms and possibilities for TCR-T cell therapy in the future?
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoheng Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinyu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sha Wu
- Department of Immunology/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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6
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Sprumont A, Rodrigues A, McGowan SJ, Bannard C, Bannard O. Germinal centers output clonally diverse plasma cell populations expressing high- and low-affinity antibodies. Cell 2023; 186:5486-5499.e13. [PMID: 37951212 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
Germinal centers (GCs) form in lymph nodes after immunization or infection to facilitate antibody affinity maturation and memory and plasma cell (PC) development. PC differentiation is thought to involve stringent selection for GC B cells expressing the highest-affinity antigen receptors, but how this plays out during complex polyclonal responses is unclear. We combine temporal lineage tracing with antibody characterization to gain a snapshot of PCs developing during influenza infection. GCs co-mature B cell clones with antibody affinities spanning multiple orders of magnitude; however, each generates PCs with similar efficiencies, including weak binders. Within lineages, PC selection is not restricted to variants with the highest-affinity antibodies. Differentiation is commonly associated with proliferative expansion to produce "nodes" of identical PCs. Immunization-induced GCs generate fewer PCs but still of low- and high-antibody affinities. We propose that generating low-affinity antibody PCs reflects an evolutionary compromise to facilitate diverse serum antibody responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrien Sprumont
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Ana Rodrigues
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Simon J McGowan
- Computational Biology Research Group, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Colin Bannard
- Department of Linguistics and English Language, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Oliver Bannard
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK.
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7
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Murray JS. Dichotomy in TCR V-domain dynamics binding the opposed inclined planes of pMHC-II and pMHC-I α-helices. Mol Immunol 2023; 162:111-124. [PMID: 37677988 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2023.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Ligand recognition by the human α/β T-cell antigen receptor (TCR) heterodimer protein, unlike the surface immunoglobulin (sIg) B-cell receptor, is not governed by relative binding affinity. Its interaction with the peptide (p) plus major histocompatibility complex (MHC) protein (abbrev. pMHC) likely involves some different molecular mechanism linking pMHC binding to T-cell functions. Recent analytical geometry of TCR:pMHC-II solved crystallographic structures (n = 40) revealed that each variable (V)-domain is bound in similar, yet mathematically unique orientations to its target pMHC groove. The relative position of the central cysteine of each V-domain was examined by multivariable calculus in spherical coordinates, where a simple volume element (dV) was found to describe clonotypic geometry with pMHC-II. Here, the study was expanded to include TCR:pMHC-I structures, and to model a physical mechanism, specifically involving the two directionally opposed inclined planes (IP) manifest by the two major α-helices prominent in both MHC-I and MHC-II proteins. Calculations for rotational torque of each V-domain, together with acceleration up and down the slopes of both MHC α-helices were used to estimate the time a given V-domain spends sliding down its cognate MHC IP. This V-domain rotation/sliding mechanism appears to be quantitatively unique for each TCR:pMHC V-domain (n = 40). However, there is an apparent and common dichotomy between the mobility of each V-domain with respect to the two classes of MHC proteins. Evolutionary motifs in the MHC helices support that the V-domains negotiate the opposed inclined planes of pMHC ligands in clonotypic fashion. Thus, this model is useful in understanding how mechanical forces are linked to TCR function.
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8
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Chang-Gonzalez AC, Mallis RJ, Lang MJ, Reinherz EL, Hwang W. Asymmetric framework motion of TCR αβ controls load-dependent peptide discrimination. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.10.557064. [PMID: 37745603 PMCID: PMC10515854 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.10.557064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical force is critical for the interaction between an αβT cell receptor (TCR) and a peptide-bound major histocompatibility complex (pMHC) molecule to initiate productive T-cell activation. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. We use all-atom molecular dynamics simulations to examine the A6 TCR bound to HLA-A*02:01 presenting agonist or antagonist peptides under different extensions to simulate the effects of applied load on the complex, elucidating their divergent biological responses. We found that TCR α and β chains move asymmetrically, which impacts the interface with pMHC, in particular the peptide-sensing CDR3 loops. For the wild-type agonist, the complex stabilizes in a load-dependent manner while antagonists destabilize it. Simulations of the Cβ FG-loop deletion, which reduces the catch bond response, and simulations with in silico mutant peptides further support the observed behaviors. The present results highlight the combined role of interdomain motion, fluctuating forces, and interfacial contacts in determining the mechanical response and fine peptide discrimination by a TCR, thereby resolving the conundrum of nearly identical crystal structures of TCRαβ-pMHC agonist and antagonist complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C. Chang-Gonzalez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Robert J. Mallis
- Dept. Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Lab. of Immunobio., Dana-Farber Cancer Inst., Boston, MA, USA
- Dept. Med. Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Inst., Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matthew J. Lang
- Dept. Chem. and Biomolec. Eng., Vanderbilt Univ., Nashville, TN, USA
- Dept. Molec. Physiology and Biophys., Vanderbilt Univ., Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Ellis L. Reinherz
- Dept. Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Lab. of Immunobio., Dana-Farber Cancer Inst., Boston, MA, USA
- Dept. Med. Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Inst., Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wonmuk Hwang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
- Dept. Phys. & Astronomy, Texas A&M Univ., College Station, TX, USA
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9
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Zhou Y, Zhao X, Jiang Y, Lin DJ, Lu C, Wang Y, Le S, Li R, Yan J. A Mechanical Assay for the Quantification of Anti-RBD IgG Levels in Finger-Prick Whole Blood. ACS Sens 2023; 8:2986-2995. [PMID: 37582229 PMCID: PMC10464602 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c00393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
A large portion of the global population has been vaccinated with various vaccines or infected with SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. The resulting IgG antibodies that target the receptor binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 play a vital role in reducing infection rates and severe disease outcomes. Different immune histories result in the production of anti-RBD IgG antibodies with different binding affinities to RBDs of different variants, and the levels of these antibodies decrease over time. Therefore, it is important to have a low-cost, rapid method for quantifying the levels of anti-RBD IgG in decentralized testing for large populations. In this study, we describe a 30 min assay that allows for the quantification of anti-RBD IgG levels in a single drop of finger-prick whole blood. This assay uses force-dependent dissociation of nonspecifically absorbed RBD-coated superparamagnetic microbeads to determine the density of specifically linked microbeads to a protein A-coated transparent surface through anti-RBD IgGs, which can be measured using a simple light microscope and a low-magnification lens. The titer of serially diluted anti-RBD IgGs can be determined without any additional sample processing steps. The limit of detection for this assay is 0.7 ± 0.1 ng/mL referenced to the CR3022 anti-RBD IgG. The limits of the technology and its potential to be further developed to meet the need for point-of-care monitoring of immune protection status are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhou
- Mechanobiology
Institute, National University of Singapore, 117411, Singapore
| | - Xiaodan Zhao
- Department
of Physics, National University of Singapore, 117542, Singapore
- Centre
for Bioimaging Sciences, National University
of Singapore, 117557, Singapore
| | - Yanqige Jiang
- Mechanobiology
Institute, National University of Singapore, 117411, Singapore
| | | | - Chen Lu
- Department
of Physics, National University of Singapore, 117542, Singapore
| | - Yinan Wang
- Department
of Physics, National University of Singapore, 117542, Singapore
| | - Shimin Le
- Department
of Physics, Xiamen University, Xiamen361005, P. R. China
| | - Rong Li
- Mechanobiology
Institute, National University of Singapore, 117411, Singapore
| | - Jie Yan
- Mechanobiology
Institute, National University of Singapore, 117411, Singapore
- Department
of Physics, National University of Singapore, 117542, Singapore
- Centre
for Bioimaging Sciences, National University
of Singapore, 117557, Singapore
- Joint
School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou 350207, China
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10
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Gallardo-Dodd CJ, Oertlin C, Record J, Galvani RG, Sommerauer C, Kuznetsov NV, Doukoumopoulos E, Ali L, Oliveira MMS, Seitz C, Percipalle M, Nikić T, Sadova AA, Shulgina SM, Shmarov VA, Kutko OV, Vlasova DD, Orlova KD, Rykova MP, Andersson J, Percipalle P, Kutter C, Ponomarev SA, Westerberg LS. Exposure of volunteers to microgravity by dry immersion bed over 21 days results in gene expression changes and adaptation of T cells. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadg1610. [PMID: 37624890 PMCID: PMC10456848 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg1610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
The next steps of deep space exploration are manned missions to Moon and Mars. For safe space missions for crew members, it is important to understand the impact of space flight on the immune system. We studied the effects of 21 days dry immersion (DI) exposure on the transcriptomes of T cells isolated from blood samples of eight healthy volunteers. Samples were collected 7 days before DI, at day 7, 14, and 21 during DI, and 7 days after DI. RNA sequencing of CD3+ T cells revealed transcriptional alterations across all time points, with most changes occurring 14 days after DI exposure. At day 21, T cells showed evidence of adaptation with a transcriptional profile resembling that of 7 days before DI. At 7 days after DI, T cells again changed their transcriptional profile. These data suggest that T cells adapt by rewiring their transcriptomes in response to simulated weightlessness and that remodeling cues persist when reexposed to normal gravity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos J. Gallardo-Dodd
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christian Oertlin
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Julien Record
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rômulo G. Galvani
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Division of Experimental and Translational Research, Brazilian National Cancer Institute (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Universidade Veiga de Almeida, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratory for Thymus Research (LPT), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Christian Sommerauer
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nikolai V. Kuznetsov
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Russian Federation State Research Center Institute of Biomedical Problems RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Liaqat Ali
- Program in Biology, Division of Science and Mathematics, New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD), Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Core Technology Platform, NYUAD, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mariana M. S. Oliveira
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christina Seitz
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mathias Percipalle
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tijana Nikić
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anastasia A. Sadova
- Russian Federation State Research Center Institute of Biomedical Problems RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sofia M. Shulgina
- Russian Federation State Research Center Institute of Biomedical Problems RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vjacheslav A. Shmarov
- Russian Federation State Research Center Institute of Biomedical Problems RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga V. Kutko
- Russian Federation State Research Center Institute of Biomedical Problems RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | - Daria D. Vlasova
- Russian Federation State Research Center Institute of Biomedical Problems RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | - Kseniya D. Orlova
- Russian Federation State Research Center Institute of Biomedical Problems RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | - Marina P. Rykova
- Russian Federation State Research Center Institute of Biomedical Problems RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | - John Andersson
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Piergiorgio Percipalle
- Program in Biology, Division of Science and Mathematics, New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD), Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, NYUAD, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Claudia Kutter
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sergey A. Ponomarev
- Russian Federation State Research Center Institute of Biomedical Problems RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | - Lisa S. Westerberg
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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11
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Rollins ZA, Faller R, George SC. A dynamic biomimetic model of the membrane-bound CD4-CD3-TCR complex during pMHC disengagement. Biophys J 2023; 122:3133-3145. [PMID: 37381600 PMCID: PMC10432225 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2023.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The coordinated (dis)engagement of the membrane-bound T cell receptor (TCR)-CD3-CD4 complex from the peptide-major histocompatibility complex (pMHC) is fundamental to TCR signal transduction and T cell effector function. As such, an atomic-scale understanding would not only enhance our basic understanding of the adaptive immune response but would also accelerate the rational design of TCRs for immunotherapy. In this study, we explore the impact of the CD4 coreceptor on the TCR-pMHC (dis)engagement by constructing a molecular-level biomimetic model of the CD3-TCR-pMHC and CD4-CD3-TCR-pMHC complexes within a lipid bilayer. After allowing the system complexes to equilibrate (engage), we use steered molecular dynamics to dissociate (disengage) the pMHC. We find that 1) the CD4 confines the pMHC closer to the T cell by 1.8 nm at equilibrium; 2) CD4 confinement shifts the TCR along the MHC binding groove engaging a different set of amino acids and enhancing the TCR-pMHC bond lifetime; 3) the CD4 translocates under load increasing the interaction strength between the CD4-pMHC, CD4-TCR, and CD4-CD3; and 4) upon dissociation, the CD3-TCR complex undergoes structural oscillation and increased energetic fluctuation between the CD3-TCR and CD3-lipids. These atomic-level simulations provide mechanistic insight on how the CD4 coreceptor impacts TCR-pMHC (dis)engagement. More specifically, our results provide further support (enhanced bond lifetime) for a force-dependent kinetic proofreading model and identify an alternate set of amino acids in the TCR that dominate the TCR-pMHC interaction and could thus impact the design of TCRs for immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary A Rollins
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | - Roland Faller
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | - Steven C George
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, California.
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12
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Ayres CM, Corcelli SA, Baker BM. The Energetic Landscape of Catch Bonds in TCR Interfaces. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2023; 211:325-332. [PMID: 37459192 PMCID: PMC10361606 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Recognition of peptide/MHC complexes by αβ TCRs has traditionally been viewed through the lens of conventional receptor-ligand theory. Recent work, however, has shown that TCR recognition and T cell signaling can be profoundly influenced and tuned by mechanical forces. One outcome of applied force is the catch bond, where TCR dissociation rates decrease (half-lives increase) when limited force is applied. Although catch bond behavior is believed to be widespread in biology, its counterintuitive nature coupled with the difficulties of describing mechanisms at the structural level have resulted in considerable mystique. In this review, we demonstrate that viewing catch bonds through the lens of energy landscapes, barriers, and the ensuing reaction rates can help demystify catch bonding and provide a foundation on which atomic-level TCR catch bond mechanisms can be built.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cory M Ayres
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN
- The Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN
| | - Steve A Corcelli
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN
| | - Brian M Baker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN
- The Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN
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13
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Faust MA, Rasé VJ, Lamb TJ, Evavold BD. What's the Catch? The Significance of Catch Bonds in T Cell Activation. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2023; 211:333-342. [PMID: 37459191 PMCID: PMC10732538 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
One of the main goals in T cell biology has been to investigate how TCR recognition of peptide:MHC (pMHC) determines T cell phenotype and fate. Ag recognition is required to facilitate survival, expansion, and effector function of T cells. Historically, TCR affinity for pMHC has been used as a predictor for T cell fate and responsiveness, but there have now been several examples of nonfunctional high-affinity clones and low-affinity highly functional clones. Recently, more attention has been paid to the TCR being a mechanoreceptor where the key biophysical determinant is TCR bond lifetime under force. As outlined in this review, the fundamental parameters between the TCR and pMHC that control Ag recognition and T cell triggering are affinity, bond lifetime, and the amount of force at which the peak lifetime occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Faust
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Viva J Rasé
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Tracey J Lamb
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Brian D Evavold
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
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14
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Zhuang C, Gould JE, Enninful A, Shao S, Mak M. Biophysical and mechanobiological considerations for T-cell-based immunotherapy. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2023; 44:366-378. [PMID: 37172572 PMCID: PMC10188210 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2023.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Immunotherapies modulate the body's defense system to treat cancer. While these therapies have shown efficacy against multiple types of cancer, patient response rates are limited, and the off-target effects can be severe. Typical approaches in developing immunotherapies tend to focus on antigen targeting and molecular signaling, while overlooking biophysical and mechanobiological effects. Immune cells and tumor cells are both responsive to biophysical cues, which are prominent in the tumor microenvironment. Recent studies have shown that mechanosensing - including through Piezo1, adhesions, and Yes-associated protein (YAP) and transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) - influences tumor-immune interactions and immunotherapeutic efficacy. Furthermore, biophysical methods such as fluidic systems and mechanoactivation schemes can improve the controllability and manufacturing of engineered T cells, with potential for increasing therapeutic efficacy and specificity. This review focuses on leveraging advances in immune biophysics and mechanobiology toward improving chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell and anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (anti-PD-1) therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuzhi Zhuang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Jared E Gould
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Archibald Enninful
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Stephanie Shao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Michael Mak
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
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15
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Thomas C, Tampé R. Structure and mechanism of immunoreceptors: New horizons in T cell and B cell receptor biology and beyond. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2023; 80:102570. [PMID: 36940642 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2023.102570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Immunoreceptors, also named non-catalytic tyrosine-phosphorylated receptors, are a large class of leukocyte cell-surface proteins critically involved in innate and adaptive immune responses. Their most characteristic defining feature is a shared signal transduction machinery where binding events of cell surface-anchored ligands to the small extracellular receptor domains are translated into phosphorylation of conserved tyrosine-containing cytosolic sequence motifs initiating downstream signal transduction cascades. Despite their central importance to immunology, the molecular mechanism of how ligand binding activates the receptors and results in robust intracellular signaling has remained enigmatic. Recent breakthroughs in our understanding of the architecture and triggering mechanism of immunoreceptors come from cryogenic electron microscopy studies of the B cell and T cell antigen receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Thomas
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biocenter, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Robert Tampé
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biocenter, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt/Main, Germany.
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16
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Wong DCP, Ding JL. The mechanobiology of NK cells- 'Forcing NK to Sense' target cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188860. [PMID: 36791921 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are innate immune lymphocytes that recognize and kill cancer and infected cells, which makes them unique 'off-the-shelf' candidates for a new generation of immunotherapies. Biomechanical forces in homeostasis and pathophysiology accrue additional immune regulation for NK immune responses. Indeed, cellular and tissue biomechanics impact NK receptor clustering, cytoskeleton remodeling, NK transmigration through endothelial cells, nuclear mechanics, and even NK-dendritic cell interaction, offering a plethora of unexplored yet important dynamic regulation for NK immunotherapy. Such events are made more complex by the heterogeneity of human NK cells. A significant question remains on whether and how biochemical and biomechanical cues collaborate for NK cell mechanotransduction, a process whereby mechanical force is sensed, transduced, and translated to downstream mechanical and biochemical signalling. Herein, we review recent advances in understanding how NK cells perceive and mechanotransduce biophysical cues. We focus on how the cellular cytoskeleton crosstalk regulates NK cell function while bearing in mind the heterogeneity of NK cells, the direct and indirect mechanical cues for NK anti-tumor activity, and finally, engineering advances that are of translational relevance to NK cell biology at the systems level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren Chen Pei Wong
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore.
| | - Jeak Ling Ding
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore; Integrative Sciences and Engineering Programme, National University of Singapore, 119077, Singapore.
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17
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Zheng S, Zou M, Shao Y, Wu H, Wu H, Wang X. Two-dimensional measurements of receptor-ligand interactions. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1154074. [PMID: 36876050 PMCID: PMC9981951 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1154074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Gaining insight into the two-dimensional receptor-ligand interactions, which play a significant role in various pivotal biological processes such as immune response and cancer metastasis, will deepen our understanding of numerous physiological and pathological mechanisms and contribute to biomedical applications and drug design. A central issue involved is how to measure the in situ receptor-ligand binding kinetics. Here, we review several representative mechanical-based and fluorescence-based methods, and briefly discuss the strengths and weaknesses for each method. In addition, we emphasize the great importance of the combination of experimental and computational methods in studying the receptor-ligand interactions, and further studies should focus on the synergistic development of experimental and computational methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songjie Zheng
- Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Min Zou
- Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yingfeng Shao
- Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huaping Wu
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Helong Wu
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohuan Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
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18
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Ma K, Chai Y, Guan J, Tan S, Qi J, Kawana-Tachikawa A, Dong T, Iwamoto A, Shi Y, Gao GF. Molecular Basis for the Recognition of HIV Nef138-8 Epitope by a Pair of Human Public T Cell Receptors. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 209:1652-1661. [PMID: 36130828 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Cross-recognized public TCRs against HIV epitopes have been proposed to be important for the control of AIDS disease progression and HIV variants. The overlapping Nef138-8 and Nef138-10 peptides from the HIV Nef protein are HLA-A24-restricted immunodominant T cell epitopes, and an HIV mutant strain with a Y139F substitution in Nef protein can result in immune escape and is widespread in Japan. Here, we identified a pair of public TCRs specific to the HLA-A24-restricted Nef-138-8 epitope using PBMCs from White and Japanese patients, respectively, namely TD08 and H25-11. The gene use of the variable domain for TD08 and H25-11 is TRAV8-3, TRAJ10 for the α-chain and TRBV7-9, TRBD1*01, TRBJ2-5 for the β-chain. Both TCRs can recognize wild-type and Y2F-mutated Nef138-8 epitopes. We further determined three complex structures, including TD08/HLA-A24-Nef138-8, H25-11/HLA-A24-Nef138-8, and TD08/HLA-A24-Nef138-8 (2F). Then, we revealed the molecular basis of the public TCR binding to the peptide HLA, which mostly relies on the interaction between the TCR and HLA and can tolerate the mutation in the Nef138-8 peptide. These findings promote the molecular understanding of T cell immunity against HIV epitopes and provide an important basis for the engineering of TCRs to develop T cell-based immunotherapy against HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keke Ma
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Chai
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiawei Guan
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuguang Tan
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianxun Qi
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ai Kawana-Tachikawa
- AIDS Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tao Dong
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford, UK; and
| | - Aikichi Iwamoto
- Department of Research Promotion, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yi Shi
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; .,Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - George F Gao
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; .,Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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19
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Huang W, Le S, Sun Y, Lin DJ, Yao M, Shi Y, Yan J. Mechanical Stabilization of a Bacterial Adhesion Complex. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:16808-16818. [PMID: 36070862 PMCID: PMC9501914 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c03961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The adhesions between Gram-positive bacteria and their
hosts are
exposed to varying magnitudes of tensile forces. Here, using an ultrastable
magnetic tweezer-based single-molecule approach, we show the catch-bond
kinetics of the prototypical adhesion complex of SD-repeat protein
G (SdrG) to a peptide from fibrinogen β (Fgβ) over a physiologically
important force range from piconewton (pN) to tens of pN, which was
not technologically accessible to previous studies. At 37 °C,
the lifetime of the complex exponentially increases from seconds at
several pN to ∼1000 s as the force reaches 30 pN, leading to
mechanical stabilization of the adhesion. The dissociation transition
pathway is determined as the unbinding of a critical β-strand
peptide (“latch” strand of SdrG that secures the entire
adhesion complex) away from its binding cleft, leading to the dissociation
of the Fgβ ligand. Similar mechanical stabilization behavior
is also observed in several homologous adhesions, suggesting the generality
of catch-bond kinetics in such bacterial adhesions. We reason that
such mechanical stabilization confers multiple advantages in the pathogenesis
and adaptation of bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenmao Huang
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542.,Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411
| | - Shimin Le
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542.,Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft Matter, Fujian Provincial Key Lab for Soft Functional Materials Research, Department of Physics, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yuze Sun
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411
| | - Dennis Jingxiong Lin
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542.,Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411
| | - Mingxi Yao
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yi Shi
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore 138634
| | - Jie Yan
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542.,Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411.,Centre for Bioimaging Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117546
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20
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Mustapha F, Sengupta K, Puech PH. May the force be with your (immune) cells: an introduction to traction force microscopy in Immunology. Front Immunol 2022; 13:898558. [PMID: 35990636 PMCID: PMC9389945 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.898558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
For more than a couple of decades now, “force” has been recognized as an important physical parameter that cells employ to adapt to their microenvironment. Whether it is externally applied, or internally generated, cells use force to modulate their various actions, from adhesion and migration to differentiation and immune function. T lymphocytes use such mechano-sensitivity to decipher signals when recognizing cognate antigens presented on the surface of antigen presenting cells (APCs), a critical process in the adaptive immune response. As such, many techniques have been developed and used to measure the forces felt/exerted by these small, solitary and extremely reactive cells to decipher their influence on diverse T cell functions, primarily activation. Here, we focus on traction force microscopy (TFM), in which a deformable substrate, coated with the appropriate molecules, acts as a force sensor on the cellular scale. This technique has recently become a center of interest for many groups in the “ImmunoBiophysics” community and, as a consequence, has been subjected to refinements for its application to immune cells. Here, we present an overview of TFM, the precautions and pitfalls, and the most recent developments in the context of T cell immunology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Mustapha
- Laboratory Adhesion Inflammation (LAI), INSERM, CNRS, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
- Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille (CINaM), CNRS, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
- Turing Center for Living Systems (CENTURI), Marseille, France
| | - Kheya Sengupta
- Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille (CINaM), CNRS, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
- Turing Center for Living Systems (CENTURI), Marseille, France
- *Correspondence: Pierre-Henri Puech, ; Kheya Sengupta,
| | - Pierre-Henri Puech
- Laboratory Adhesion Inflammation (LAI), INSERM, CNRS, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
- Turing Center for Living Systems (CENTURI), Marseille, France
- *Correspondence: Pierre-Henri Puech, ; Kheya Sengupta,
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21
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Lombard-Banek C, Pohl KI, Kwee EJ, Elliott JT, Schiel JE. A Sensitive and Controlled Data-Independent Acquisition Method for Proteomic Analysis of Cell Therapies. J Proteome Res 2022; 21:1229-1239. [PMID: 35404046 PMCID: PMC9087334 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.1c00887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomic measurements are uniquely poised to impact the development of cell and gene therapies. With the adoption of rigorous instrumental performance qualifications (PQs), large-scale proteomics can move from a research to a manufacturing control tool. Especially suited, data-independent acquisition (DIA) approaches have distinctive qualities to extend multiattribute method (MAM) principles to characterize the proteome of cell therapies. Here, we describe the development of a DIA method for the sensitive identification and quantification of proteins on a Q-TOF instrument. Using the improved acquisition parameters, we defined a control strategy and highlighted some metrics to improve the reproducibility of SWATH acquisition-based proteomic measurements. Finally, we applied the method to analyze the proteome of Jurkat cells that here serves as a model for human T-cells. Raw and processed data were deposited in PRIDE (PXD029780).
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Lombard-Banek
- National
Institute of Standards and Technology, Material and Measurements Laboratory, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
- Institute
for Bioscience and Bioengineering Research, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | | | - Edward J. Kwee
- National
Institute of Standards and Technology, Material and Measurements Laboratory, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - John T. Elliott
- National
Institute of Standards and Technology, Material and Measurements Laboratory, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - John E. Schiel
- National
Institute of Standards and Technology, Material and Measurements Laboratory, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
- Institute
for Bioscience and Bioengineering Research, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
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22
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Zhao X, Kolawole EM, Chan W, Feng Y, Yang X, Gee MH, Jude KM, Sibener LV, Fordyce PM, Germain RN, Evavold BD, Garcia KC. Tuning T cell receptor sensitivity through catch bond engineering. Science 2022; 376:eabl5282. [PMID: 35389803 PMCID: PMC9513562 DOI: 10.1126/science.abl5282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Adoptive cell therapy using engineered T cell receptors (TCRs) is a promising approach for targeting cancer antigens, but tumor-reactive TCRs are often weakly responsive to their target ligands, peptide-major histocompatibility complexes (pMHCs). Affinity-matured TCRs can enhance the efficacy of TCR-T cell therapy but can also cross-react with off-target antigens, resulting in organ immunopathology. We developed an alternative strategy to isolate TCR mutants that exhibited high activation signals coupled with low-affinity pMHC binding through the acquisition of catch bonds. Engineered analogs of a tumor antigen MAGE-A3-specific TCR maintained physiological affinities while exhibiting enhanced target killing potency and undetectable cross-reactivity, compared with a high-affinity clinically tested TCR that exhibited lethal cross-reactivity with a cardiac antigen. Catch bond engineering is a biophysically based strategy to tune high-sensitivity TCRs for T cell therapy with reduced potential for adverse cross-reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zhao
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Physiology and Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Kolawole
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - Waipan Chan
- Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yinnian Feng
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Xinbo Yang
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Physiology and Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Marvin H Gee
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Physiology and Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Program in Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kevin M Jude
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Physiology and Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Leah V Sibener
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Physiology and Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Program in Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Polly M Fordyce
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,ChEM-H Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Chan Zuckerberg BioHub, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Ronald N Germain
- Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Brian D Evavold
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - K Christopher Garcia
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Physiology and Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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